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8. Michael Nelson Old And In The Way |
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Whatever fly you troll with, strip it in every few minutes to make sure you're not trolling with salad. |
9. Gary Dills 3 weight to 10 weight |
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Sequim, WA |
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Ditto the trailers. I've often trailed a chronomid 16 or smaller and caught more fish. Wind and some chop on the water can be as advantageous as the twitching. |
10. Jim Wallace Smells like low tide |
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I can usually sense the slight increase in drag, but not always. |
I will admit to having trolled on for a good 20 minutes once after getting a hard grab, before the little lightbulb flashed on and I stripped in to discover that my fly was gone! I think I did that another time, too, before I finally learned to always check to see if its still there if I don't get another hit right... |
Figure 3. |
Candidate motifs identified upstream of the micronemal protein-encoding genes, upstream location, site-directed mutagenesis and results of reporter assays. Motifs MICA and MICB display an additive effect in the regulation of the gene encoding microneme 8. (a) Sequence logos represent the consensus sequence for each can... |
Mullapudi et al. Genome Biology 2009 10:R34 doi:10.1186/gb-2009-10-4-r34 |
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The Morning After: Zuccotti Park Protestors Undaunted |
Posted: 11/16/11 01:08 PM ET |
I arrived at Foley Square at 6:30 a.m., expecting chaos. Surprisingly, the mood was calm. Some tired and hungry former Zuccotti occupiers were sleeping on the floor of the square as the sun rose. Cops were standing along the park as if they were merely bystanders. |
Others recalled the event last night - running away from the police as they try to avoid getting arrested. Some of them spoke in angry tones while other promised that their eviction would be only temporary. At the center of the square, a young man wearing black jeans and a brown jacket was waving the American flag. |
Around 7 a.m., I saw a young girl waking up. She was sleeping on the bare ground using a bag of her clothing as a pillow. I heard her conversation in fragments. She started to speak to the person next to her and I heard the word: revolution. I moved closer to her. She was asking in a concerned voice if her friend had b... |
Suddenly the protesters in the park turned their heads responding to a "mic check." Someone yelled "two minutes to GA." Roughly 150 protesters quickly gathered for the General Assembly. |
One of the speakers announced that bagels, bananas, coffee and juice were available for protesters. Shortly after, the speaker declared a plan of action: take back Zuccotti Park. And the crowd started to move. |
As the protesters walked south toward City Hall, a man in his early 30s behind me shouted "Shame on Bloomberg!" Then the crowd behind me started to chant "We are unstoppable! Another world is possible!" |
Roughly 50 cops stood on the road, making sure that no one left the sidewalk. As I reached Canal Street, I saw three helicopters hovering over. A man started to scream at the police. He was angry because one of the officers had apparently touched him. |
When we reached Grand Street and Sixth Avenue, the pace of the march slowed. People gathered and someone called for the now famous "mic check" to start a general assembly to decide whether they should occupy an empty lot on the other side of a wooden wall from where they were. Some other protesters had small cardboard ... |
More debate followed. Some thought the group should continue on their way to Zuccotti Park. Around 11 a.m., faith leaders from various religious groups gave a speech. "This is not about cynicism, this is about faith," a Catholic priest said, "We will build a world. Amen." |
The group was fragmented, and some protesters decided to climb the wooden wall separating the crowd from the adjacent empty lot. The speaker said the space belonged to Trinity Church. Some protesters started to bring stepstools in an effort to scale the wall but the NYPD quickly stopped them. These protesters had a Pla... |
I saw a flow of what looked like state troopers exiting a white police bus. They lined up and started to move towards the now-broken gate to the lot. I was standing by the gate next to a group of police when, through the crowd, I saw people distributing red roses. Protesters were chanting, "This park belongs to the God... |
Protesters were waiting to hear from the owner of the Trinity Church compound. NYPD told the protesters that if Trinity Church does not allow them to stay then everyone inside would be arrested. |
Soon, one of the protesters made an announcement that Trinity Church had denied the protesters' request to stay inside the park. People screamed in protest as the police moved in to make arrests. |
Ravi Kumar is a student at the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism. if you would like to contribute to the Huffington Post as a citizen journalist, please sign up at |
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The quote below is from Matt Strassler's blog: |
If I understand correctly, what he calls "ripple" is "probability wave". Why is it that the amplitude of a probability wave is the sign of "a single particle"? |
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You should accept anwers. – OmnipresentAbsence Feb 23 at 19:59 |
None of the answers are definitive enough to accept. – Zeynel Feb 24 at 20:36 |
You've asked 12 question and you haven't accepted one answer yet. Most of your questions (including this one) have fantastic answers. None of the answers are definite enough? Either you don't understand the answers or you don't understand your own questions. How can you possibly consider Terry's not definitive enough? ... |
@OmnipresentAbsence: While I agree that the OP should probably accept a few answers, it's better to refrain from nay hints of rude language; thanks :) – Manishearth Feb 26 at 15:53 |
@Manishearth Yep, got a little carried away there – OmnipresentAbsence Feb 26 at 19:41 |
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2 Answers |
Take a spring or coil of any kind. Look at it from the side, or even better, project a shadow of it onto a piece of paper. In both cases you will see what looks like a sinusoidal wave complete with peaks, troughs, and zero points. But the spring has a smooth, constant radius that doesn't show any such peaks and troughs... |
A quantum amplitude is very much like the radius of a spring, and the sinusoidal representations of a quantum wave function that you see in most text books are very similar to the shadows projected by such springs. |
When Strassler said that the amplitude represents "a single particle," he was trying to emphasize that a sequence of peaks and troughs separated by zero points is really a single entity (like the spring) with a single smoothly changing amplitude (the radius of the spring). The peaks and troughs are just illusions acqui... |
(I added the above on 2013-03-04 My original answer, sightly edited, is below.) |
I looked at Matt Strassler's blog, and I'm pretty sure his real intent was just to keep the questioner from thinking that a particle is always a single peak in a probability wave function. That is just wrong, and Professor Strassler was trying to make sure that readers didn't get into the habit of thinking in such term... |
Here's a slightly different way of looking at probability wave functions that may help. |
In an earlier answer about Fourier transforms I argued that a much better way to think of probability wave functions is to use a complex plane perpendicular to real space, and then visualize how the amplitude or height of the wave function maps into that space. The problem is that such an approach requires thinking in ... |
Now, if you do that for say an electron bouncing back and forth between two ends of a box with length along X, the idea of "peaks" and "troughs" in the wave function pretty much disappears. Instead, you get various sorts of moving helical coils (moving electrons) and skip-rope-like stable states (the resonant or "stati... |
I should mention that it never ceases to amaze me just how close the differential equations that control rotating loops in an ordinary string or rope are to the equations that control this composite real-and-complex representation of wave functions. For example, if you take a hose laying in the yard and give it a quick... |
In this rotating-rope model you only get peaks and troughs when you project a shadow of these coils onto a piece of paper. Think for a moment about how a spring or Slinky looks from the side and you can see how the usual sinusoidal curves with peaks and troughs can emerge from by limiting your perspective two only two ... |
I'm pretty sure in fact that that was the message Professor Strassler was trying to get over in his comment: There is just one more-or-less continuous amplitude (the coils of the helix) where the particle is located, with those peaks and trough literally just being shadows of the underlying reality of the wave function... |
Incidentally, I have to mention it: The rope analogy becomes even more powerful if you "standardize" the total volume enclosed by the various rotating coils and loops along the X length of the rope. If you do that, then each the volume enclosed along any segment of the rope becomes the probability of finding the partic... |
I should point out also that by intent I just undid my whole argument! That is, while I just argued that the projected peaks and troughs of a wave function do not accurately convey the continuity their underlying complex amplitudes, it is not correct to say that the wave functions amplitudes for a single particle are c... |
So, bottom line questions and answers: |
1. Is the existence of an amplitude a sign of a particle? Yes, pretty much by definition. |
2. Do the peaks and troughs of the real part of the wave function mean anything about where the particle really is? No; you must use the complex wave function for that. |
3. If you find a single stretch of complex amplitude that surrounded entirely by zero amplitudes in XYZ space, does that stretch necessarily represent an entire particle? No, definitely not, since that very situation happens all the time in atoms. The wave function may be broken up into many pieces, some conceivably ... |
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Terry Bollinger: Is there a contradiction in your answer? If I read it correctly you answer "it is" and "it is not" to the same question: [Why is it that the amplitude of a probability wave is the sign of "a single particle"?] It isn't. [Is the existence of an amplitude a sign of a particle?] Yes, pretty much by defini... |
Ah, got it: When I said [the amplitude] "isn't" [a single particle], what I meant is that it may be only part of a single particle. Oddly, Strassler seemed to have thought in his blog entry that a particle wave function is always in one continuous piece, like a little blob of dough. That is emphatically not the case, s... |
Terry Bollinger: Is it possible to write a shorter answer including the ideas of these comments so that I can accept it? Thanks. – Zeynel Mar 2 at 19:47 |
Zeynel, thanks. I'll add this as a preface in front so people don't get confused; let me know if it's sufficient after I write it. – Terry Bollinger Mar 5 at 0:43 |
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In the bit of his article you quote Prof Strassler is specifically talking about photons, so the wave is an electromagnetic wave. Any EM wave can be interpreted as a particle, though this interpretation isn't always useful. An infinitely long wave corresponds to a photon with a well defined momentum but a very poorly d... |
If you look at fig 4 in the article (this is what the comment you link to is about) you'll see it shows a wave packet, and this is what we intuitively think off as a photon. However a continuous wave is a photon too, just not one with a well defined position. |
Incidentally, the above trade-off between position and momentum might make you think of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. That's exactly what it is! |
Note that Matt Strassler's comment isn't just about the amplitude, it's the amplitude relative to the length i.e. how localised the wave packet is. |
share|improve this answer |
I must admit I don't quite get his last point about the amplitude relative to the length: surely the only thing that can tell you how many particles are present is the number operator? What is amplitude even referring to - the amplitude of the classical mode function used for the photon basis? The ratio of the amplitud... |
You may be reading to much into a throwaway comment. I suspect he means a single photon and just means the amplitude and packet length are roughly inversely proportional. – John Rennie Jan 28 at 7:35 |
Maybe, but earlier on the page he says The real world is quantum mechanical, so in fact (as described in this article) the amplitude A cannot be just anything; it takes discrete values, and those values are proportional to the square root of n, a positive integer (or zero), which is the number of quanta of oscillation ... |
@JohnRennie wrote: "If you look at fig 4 in the article"... When I look at fig 4 I only see a wave. Where is the particle in that animation? – Zeynel Jan 29 at 0:32 |
@JohnRennie wrote: "Any EM wave can be interpreted as a particle" How is the word particle defined here? – Zeynel Jan 29 at 1:12 |
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Talking With Kathryn Bolkovac About Her Experience as The Whistleblower |
Posted: 08/16/11 07:48 PM ET |
FOSTER: You were faced with a situation where the people you worked with were engaged in something very shocking. Do you have any insight as to how or why they got involved with trafficking? |
I really do not think there is clear cut answer for this. Everyone is an individual and is accountable to their individual behavior and potential illegal actions they committed and continue to commit in current missions. I think most people are truly just plain complicit in their thinking and tend to not get involved o... |
FOSTER: What do you think needs to be done to address the trafficking issue? What can government do? |
The trafficking issue at large is too complex to tackle with sweeping reform. There are so many different types of human trafficking each with different dynamics of funding the corruption. Obviously, many adults choose to be trafficked... or illegally transported across many borders to escape horrendous conditions in t... |
FOSTER: What can our government do? |
First, in the short term, the United States needs to take a serious look at why we are willing to allow private companies to engage in the profession of law enforcement. Government contractors are a needed and viable means to get many logistical and re-construction efforts accomplished. They are not a viable means for ... |
If we are to continue to send "rent a cops " overseas with inadequate knowledge and inadequate protections from corrupt private companies, some of whom had serious questionable policing backgrounds we might want to stop and think about how this damages our reputation and our goals. The private company who fired me had ... |
Second, get the Civilian Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act (CEJA) out of committee and get it passed. It has been more than 12 years overdue. [NOTE: CEJA would allow the U.S. Justice Department to prosecute government contractors and employees for certain crimes committed overseas. It would complement the Military Extr... |
Third, make government contractors accountable for their employee actions, by putting a clause in their contracts that require them to facilitate and allow oversight of both external and internal investigations by outside government agencies, when probable cause exists that employees are suspected, or implicated in cri... |
Fourth, set examples by having the means available to prosecute and convict with meaningful sentences. |
FOSTER: What can individuals do? |
Learn, read, report, and stop burying your heads in the sand. Many of the people involved in these crimes could be your next door neighbor. |
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