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To me, perception is very important because it enables us to perceive the world around us and most importantly how we perceive other people and events in that world. My perception of another person determines how I would relate with that person. That perception could be a stereotype or prejudice. |
The internal factors that could affect perception were discussed in class. These factors could be learning, personality, and motivation. In addition, I also got to understand that our present feelings about something or someone could cause perceptions to vary between individuals. In living our lives and interacting wit... |
Communication on the other hand is also pertinent in organizational behavior because it affects organizational performance. There must be effective communication between employees and employers for organizatopns to succeed. To achieve a better understanding, I did a research on communications and find out that communic... |
WEEK 4. 22 OCTOBER 2010 |
. This topic seeks to explain what workplace diversity entails, its underlying importance and the demographic differences among individuals. |
This week’s session discussed Diversity and Individual differences and the contributing factors in increasing diversity in organizations. It is important to appreciate workplace diversity and cultural differences in understanding Organizational behavior |
The lecturer said that diversity is gradually increasing in organizations today and it is imperative to adopt ways of dealing with it. |
Another point made by the lecturer was that Workplace diversity focuses on similarities and differences that people belong to an organization. This made me understand that diversity is about learning from others who are not the same with us, about dignity and respect for all, and about creating workplace environments t... |
In view of globalization in the world today, a gradual connection between societies and a huge increase in migrations and ethnic diversity is emerging. Organizations going international or global encounter more diversity in their work force. |
According to my research, with Increasing diversity and cultural differences comes the possibility of stereotyping and prejudice because of a certain perception of individuals towards others.This perceptions could be age, race, disability, religion, belief, sexual orientation, marital status, personality etc. |
However, with diversity comes discrimination and racism or Ageism. In some countries employees are discriminated because of their skin colour, religion, sexual orientation etc. One main example from my country Nigeria is that married women or pregnant women are not permitted from working in banks. |
This brings me back to stereotypes and prejudice According to Allport (1954), Sterotypes enables people to manage information more effectively but they could serve as a self fulfilling prophecy and reduce or boost employee performance while prejudice on the other hand is usually usually attitude towards a group as a wh... |
In todays world, we still encounter prejudice in organizations. Sexism in Organizations where women earn less than men with t he same job experience still exist. |
However, it is important to manage diversity in an organization because it helps in building customer relationships, increases competititive awareness, encourages new markets and increases organizational reputation. |
Some companies are well knowned for their diverse workforce, For example, In Unilever 30% of rec are from different ethnic minorities. |
After this session, I now understand that organizations with effective diversity programs take a holistic approach to diversity by exploring new ways to increaseprofits and removing barriers to success. |
\futhermore, Understanding individual characteristics in an organization is very pertinent because it enables us to understand how individual differences could affect our behaviour at work. |
This weeks session focused on Group work. I believe it is very important to study groups because they play important roles in our lives. Everybody belongs to one kind of group or the other be it a social group, cultural group, community group or academic group. During the lecture, the tutor said “you cannot live in iso... |
Furthermore, looking at it from an organizational perspective, success of an organization is underpinned by groups. During the course of the lecture, I also got to understand that people or individuals join groups for common interests or needs, cultural similarities and sense of belonging. |
Differences between a group and team were mentioned in the lecture. This led to a debate on whether they are both the same or are different. To some members of the class, they are the same, while to others they differ from each other. In my opinion, I carefully sought to know what a team really means and vice versa. A ... |
The family was also discussed in this session. I asked myself if a family is a group or a team. A family exists because of the different tasks we do and everyone belongs to a family so therefore a family is a team. |
Being a member of a group has affected me in many ways. For example, being a member of my class has enabled me interact with more people from different backgrounds and cultures. It has also given me the opportunity to learn new ideas and knowledge of other peoples culture. |
Finally, at the end of the lecture, team role questionnaires were given to members of the class. The objectives of these questionnaires were to introduce team roles theory and identify them. This questionnaire was a widely used method for understanding the roles within a group or team developed by Meridith beblin. |
I got a total score of 12 which eventually turned out to be a team worker. According to Beblin’s theory, A team worker is mild, perceptive, diplomatic. Their weaknesses are that they can be easily influenced and indecisive. |
This made me understand different roles and contributions and weaknesses encountered in organizations and how these roles affect their behavior |
WEEK SEVEN: 12th November 2010 |
This session focused on leadership and management. According to Fred luthans (2008) p408, Effective leadership cannot fully exist without the full cooperation of his employees. Therefore, Every leader must have a follower. But are leaders mangers? I am of the opinion that not all leaders are managers likewise managers ... |
Bennis (1980) p.7 identified some characteristics of leaders versus managers in the 21st century. |
According to him, managers are administrators, who involved in planning, control and organizing, while leaders inspire his followers, develops people, is innovative and focuses on people. Good examples of exemplary leaders that I know are Barrack Obama, Nelson Mandela, Martin luther king Jr. These leaders lead by examp... |
This brings me to the fundamental importance of leadership. Are leaders born or made? What does leadership mean? Who is a good leader? These questions got me into a reflective mode. I pondered over this questions and came up with some answers. To me leaders are made and not born, because the job of leading others is a ... |
A leader is a motivator, a self confident individual and a charismatic individual.I define leadership as the act or process of leading other people. Leadership is all about motivating,inspiring, fusing, innovating.But leaders must possess the management skills to guide their followers in the right direction. |
In my research, David Piccione suggest To be an effective leader there are three main leadership styles that leaders could adopt. They are the Authoritarian style, the participative style and the delegative style. |
Please refer to |
These leadership styles must be used in certain situations.A good leader must have authority, participate and delegate responsibiies and functions. |
However, not all leaders lead by example and have those qualities that a perfect leader possess. |
The bad leaders use the authoritarian or bureaucratic style of leadership which consists of having total control and power over over their subjects.. An example of bad leaders are Adolf Hitler of Germany, Sanni Abacha of Nigeria and Indi Amin of Gambia. This leaders executed their citizens who stood up to them or quest... |
The main theoretical argument of this session was what motivates employees in an organization. Their motives aand their drives. According to Shermerhorn,hunt&Osborne (2008) p 111, “Motivation refers to the individual forces that account for direction,level,and persistence of a persons effort expended at work”. This mad... |
Wacthing herzbergs video on motivation theory on people and organizations in class enlightened me totally. He argued that they are two set of needs. 1) The hygiene needs which deals with mans relationship with his environment. This focuses on how you treat people at work. These factors prevent people from Job dissatisf... |
2) The motivators which allows people to achieve what they want to do. To enable know if their advancing in growth or whether their doing is significant. This are the variables that motivate people because people who want to do something want to do it. |
Another issue raised by Herzberg was if money motivates people. Yes Money motivates people to work. If was working so hard in an organization and my pay cant sustain me, I would be motivated to perform better. |
The other point made was KITA- which means Kick in the arse. According to him, this approach is the simplest way to make you do anything It could be positive or negative. |
Thinking over this, I agree with Herzberg because employess that want to do a good job because they want to do a good job are motivated and Do employees who want to do a good job because they want more money or reward?- that’s movement. |
In general, I have learnt a lot about organizational behavior and why it is vital and essential to study it.Studying OB has enable me understand how to deal with others |
In todays world, Mangers are gradually paying attention to how their employees behave in certain situations rather how they respond. Studying employee behavior is an important tool for managing employees |
The behavior of indiviouls in an Organization tells us about their attitude to work and what perceptions they have towards others.. I learnt that studying behavior enables mangers to adopt strategies to motivate and develop their employees so that the organization can succeed. I realized that organizational behavior is... |
My significant learning experience was that motivation is a key factor in making employees in an organization perform more effectively and efficiently. A company where i once worked in gave salary advances every 6months and gave all its employees a months vacation plus other added benefits. This motivates employees whi... |
Studyiing this course has enabled me achieve my learning objectives. |
Firstly, I realized that certain factors could influence employee bahaviour at work. This could be individual differences, the environment, personality and perception. This factors influence how individuals in the workplace behave. I was particularly interested to know that personality tests could be used to understand... |
Secondly,, I have got to understand that managers face challenges in managing their employees and these challenges are largely related to a widely diverse workplace because diverse workers have different interpersonal styles and attitudes. After my research on this I discovered that these challenges transcend three lev... |
Finally,I achieved a great understanding in management theories and approaches, I enjoyed this topic and got a grasp of the advantages and disadvantages of the different theories and what the implications of adopting each one of them are. What caught my interest in this topic was the Human relations approach. I activel... |
My aim in life is to become a successful business man. I am currently a undergoing a Masters degree in International business which I believe will expose me to cultural differences that exist when doing business internationally. I hope to achieve this aim by studying extensively on all my program courses as well as act... |
However, Constraints I may face in is the high volume of research to be carried out in performing a marketing research of businesses in countries. |
The task of writing this reflective diary was boring initially but after some time I started enjoying it.I now find the task of writing a reflective diary fascinating and intrstesting. |
This reflective writing will enable me appreciate workplace diversity and individual differences and how personality, attitudes and perception can affect or influence employees an organization. |
To conclude this diary, the only difficulty I faced was trying to limit my diary to three thousand words which proved difficult because I had so many things to write. |
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Swift's career as an author and satirist reflects both his religious and his political preoccupations, which have their roots in his personal history and in the history of his times. He had been born in Ireland, but his grandfather had been a notable loyalist in the English Civil War: his father and three uncles had se... |
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Website Overview Screen Before Victoria Jonathan Swift Biography Neoclassicism |
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Harry Potter Wiki |
Quintessence: A Quest |
11,510pages on |
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Quintessence: A Quest |
Publication information |
pre. 1996 |
Quintessence: A Quest is a book about Charms. In 1996, Filius Flitwick instructed his Sixth year N.E.W.T. Charms class to read this book. |
Harry pretended to be absorbed in this book, so as not to have to respond to Ron's complaints about Hermione having snogged Viktor Krum.[1] |
Quintessence comes from the Latin quinta essentia, literally meaning "fifth essence". Though the term can have a number of meanings, the most likely one being referred to here is the concept of a fifth classical element (the other four being air, water, fire, and earth) that makes up the regions of the universe beyond ... |
Notes and references |
Charms (class) |
Wingardium leviosa |
Professors: Filius Flitwick |
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