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While other religions have founders who are followed, people of Hindu faith have no founder to look up to. Hinduism is the world's oldest major religion. It is widely accepted that Hinduism is the oldest of the world's religions, but there is no known historical figure credited with being its founder. It was never a religion in the first place! Hinduism is the largest religion in India, with 79.8% of the population identifying themselves as Hindus, that accounts for 966 million Hindus as of National Census of India in 2011 making it as the world's largest Hindu populated country with around 94% global Hindu population are being concentrated here. The ancient scriptures of India claim the religion is originally established by God Himself (dharman tu sakshad bhagavat pranitam). The Indus Valley Civilization was the starting point of Hinduism and then it was spread away to the rest of the Indians who acquired Hinduism as their religion. There is no single founder who is credited with the founding of Hinduism. Hinduism History Date and Founder: Hinduism is an ancient religion. More than 900 million people practice Hinduism worldwide. Scholars, however, have had difficulty providing physical evidence to substantiate that theory. But Hinduism is a religion of people. Prior to that time, Hinduism traditions were mainly oral and involved stories starring hundreds of gods. The origins of the religion can be traced as far as the Indus Valley Civilization that lasted between 3,000 BCE and 1,000 BCE. Hinduism is a way of life. Hinduism, major world religion originating on the Indian subcontinent and comprising several and varied systems of philosophy, belief, and ritual. Some traditions of Hinduism date back more than 3,000 years. Every religion has their own founders and origin of the dates also available from their ancient scriptures and from the scholar's writings. Many people will continue to ask who is the founder of Hinduism. Sanskrit is the mother of greek and latin. The first Hindu writings appeared around 1500 B.C. Hinduism actually has no single founder as far as the modern history is concerned. If the Indus valley civilization (3rd–2nd millennium BCE) was the earliest source of Hindu traditions, then Hinduism is … Plato also visited Benaras in India and confimed his findings and learnt many philosophies here. It was the cultural norm that took shape into a way of living for a civilization on the banks of the Indus Valley. Its history over lapsed with the Indian development since the Iron Age in India. According to historians, the origin of Hinduism dates back to 5,000 years or more. From the scriptural viewpoint, this religion or dharma, manifests after every creation by the will of the Lord. Start studying Who is the founder of Hinduism?. There are no evidence to know about Hindu religion. Over the centuries, however, its followers—called Hindus—have accepted many new ideas and combined them with the old ones. Traditionally, Hinduism holds the stance that its traditions have always been in existence. There are no founders there have been countless luminaries who were living embodiments the Gods. Hinduism is an umbrella term for various religious traditions that originated in India, and now are practiced all around the world, though more than 90 percent of Hindus are found in India.The third largest organized religion in the world, after Christianity and Islam, Hinduism is based on the teachings of the Vedas, ancient scriptures, many of which were brought to India around 1500 B.C.E. Hinduism is the grand daddy of all relgiions of a hoary past. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Most of them live in India , where Hinduism began. Hinduism's roots are diverse and are likely a synthesis of various regional tribal beliefs. 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The world ' s writings of all relgiions of a hoary past roots are diverse and are a! | eng | 4d70aa4a-221f-447b-ad58-8eddcffb3551 | https://najeya.com/6uwx9/aab899-founder-of-hinduism |
How to structure a persuasive story
Image by Zee-Shutterz on Pixabay.
A lot of storytelling advice focuses on structure. Some guides suggest the traditional "beginning, middle, and end." Some turn to movies and novels to address the "arc of the story," with suspense, emotion, and beats. Or they try the improv "and then one day" style.
Business owners tell me they have trouble following this advice. Their audiences don't read a business story the way they read a novel or watch a movie.
If you think about it, you bring different expectations as you read different kinds of books. I'm a dedicated fan of murder mysteries. I expect to encounter a dead body, a detective, and a motivation to wonder whodunit. I don't expect to discover the murderer till the very end.
You bring different expectations to a memoir, adventure story, or romance novel. Each story uses different ingredients to meet the reader's expectations.
So why wouldn't you bring different expectations to a business story compared to a novel, a story you'd tell a good friend over coffee, or a star-studded movie?
Persuasive stories tend to place a spotlight on the way you help your clients. You begin with a crisis. You focus on what happens when the crisis doesn't get resolved. And you show (not tell) how you contributed to the client's transformation.
Movies can transport you to faraway places. Business stories encourage you to see yourself in the story. In the best business stories, you might feel the author is reading your mind.
This type of story does a lot of heavy lifting. You demonstrate your skill. You acknowledge your understanding of where the client is coming from. Your focus remains on the client – not on you.e
They're designed to show how you help clients. They don't leave you feeling good. They leave you feeling, "I want what they're having." | eng | 4720b3df-6d1b-42b1-a41a-9d397767895b | https://cathygoodwin.com/structure/ |
How do I use the Financial Roadmap & To-Dos?
May 30, 2023 13:24
Updated
Based on the information you provide Attend in the app we create a personalized financial roadmap of to-do items to ensure you are on the path to financial freedom. These to-do items are meant to be completed in the order they are displayed and will guide you as to what you should be doing in bite-size increments.
Mark the items as complete by tapping on the task and then tapping on the complete checkbox, to keep yourself on top of your to-dos. | eng | 82efa130-d4d8-4392-b7f6-f1bf8cc0cae6 | https://support.helloattend.com/hc/en-us/articles/15761622269332-How-do-I-use-the-Financial-Roadmap-To-Dos- |
Insurance Coverage
Insurance coverage is the amount of risk or liability that is covered for an individual or entity by way of insurance services. Insurance coverage, such as auto insurance, life insurance—or more exotic forms, such as hole-in-one insurance—is issued by an insurer in the event of unforeseen occurrences. | eng | b44272c0-5f91-4a49-861c-9f2d31a3042d | https://goldoildrugs.com/investments-glossary/insurance-coverage/ |
Britain elects record number of female lawmakers in 2019 election
WomenLONDON: A record number of women were elected as lawmakers in Britain`s general election, with women`s rights campaigners on Friday cheering the result but saying progress towards equal representation must speed up. WomenOne seat was yet to declare a result on Friday afternoon. "More women MPs than ever before is very welcome but we are inching forwards, up from 32% to just 34%," said Sam Smethers, the chief executive of women`s rights group the Fawcett Society.
"Instead of congratulating ourselves for extremely slow progress let`s see a commitment from all the political parties to action to make the step change that is needed. It is time for equal power."
Parties are facing growing scrutiny over the diversity of their candidates, but women`s campaigners say toxic politics and high levels of gendered abuse are driving away female MPs.
Two thirds of female lawmakers told a survey by parliament`s Women and Equalities Committee in November that progress on tackling violence and online abuse against women in politics impacted their willingness to stand for re-election.
A number of female candidates chose not to stand again in the Dec. 12 election, with several citing the level of abuse they had experienced in the role as a factor.
The rise in representation largely came from a boost in female MPs for the ruling Conservative party although only about a quarter of its seats are filled by women.
Meanwhile, the left-wing Labour party was left with a majority of female MPs - 104 to 98 men - after a night which saw it suffer heavy losses.
At the current rate of progress it will take decades to reach equality, said campaigners at the 50:50 Parliament group, which has run a campaign to encourage more women to stand for election to parliament.
"Clearly much more work needs to be done to build a better democracy that draws upon the talent and experience of the 32 million UK women," said the group`s director Frances Scott | eng | 05001345-1ff7-4870-8fcc-156d82ab2d43 | https://zeenews.india.com/world/britain-elects-record-number-of-female-lawmakers-in-2019-election-2251990.html |
Soda And Mentos Experiment
The reaction of the mentos being put in the soda causes a chemical reaction.
This happens because of the porous surface that creates a lot of bubble growth, then the carbon dioxide bubbles grows to rapidly form on the surface of the Mentos making the soda to then erupt. Based on the research the more mentos that are put in the bigger the reaction will get and the higher the bubbles will go. Also the more caffeine in
2-liter bottle creates a bigger reaction between the mentos and the soda.
If it is chosen in this experiment to do this experiment with a smaller bottle of soda like a 20 ounce the reaction will not be as big. Like if it were to be chosen to use a
2-liter bottle of soda. If you'd choose to use a diet soda that is actually better.
The diet coke and Mentos experiment has been a favorite of amateur scientists, but how does it work? There have been debates, and scientists have concluded that the diet coke and Mentos is a physical reaction, called nucleation. Nucleation sites are areas that have high surface with low volume. Such places can be your fingerprint, scratches on glass, specks of dust, or even Mentos candy (Eepy Bird). Mentos candies have a pitted surface that's rough when looked at through a microscope, therefore creating a wonderful place for nucleation to occur. Water molecules like to be next to other water molecules, so if you drop something into the soda, like Mentos, it acts as a site for growth of bubbles. Mentos have a high
First they need to know the chemicals in Mentos that make the big explosion. Mentos have a rough surface with thousands and thousands of small, little holes that create a lot of bubbles, allowing carbon dioxide bubbles to rapidly form on the surface of the Mentos. The perkiness of the bubbles and their size in growth will quickly
The participants of the Cola Wars experiment were gathered from the PSYC/SOCL/CJUS 351 Research Methods in Social Sciences Section A class at Benedictine University. The total number of students in the class is eighteen, but only sixteen participated. Two students did not participate due to personal reasons. Among the sixteen participants, there were five males and eleven females. The students participated in the experiment because they were a convenient sample to be a part of the class activity.
This paper is a Science Fair Project about Coke and Mentos Reaction. This essay is not going to tell you about the experiment but rather background information on the subject. The background information is about Mentos reacting in Coke.
The reaction you will be investigating is the reaction that occurs when an Alka-Seltzer tablet is placed into a given amount of water. Alka-Seltzer is an over-the-counter antacid and pain relief medication that is dissolved in water before it is ingested. Each tablet contains aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), citric acid, and sodium bicarbonate. As the tablet dissolves in water, the bicarbonate ions in the tablet react with the hydrogen ions from the acids that are also contained in the tablet. The carbon dioxide gas produced by the reaction is what causes the bubbling that can be observed.
After adding distilled water, alka-seltzer began bubbling extensively, as the two substances react and form CO2(g) and a buffer. Sodium bicarbonate also bubbled mildly, as it reacts with water to form carbonic acid, which then breaks into CO2(g).
From the results that were acquired from mixing the liquid reagents with each powder, it was determined that Unknown Mixture #1 consisted of baking soda and cornstarch. When individually testing the substances from Unknown Mixture #1 with the liquid reagents, a few noticeable reactions occurred. Mixing baking soda with vinegar caused bubbling to occur. This is because a neutralization reaction took place between the two reactants. In this reaction, sodium bicarbonate(baking soda) reacts with vinegar and produces sodium acetate, water, and carbon dioxide(HC2H3O2(aq) + NaHCO3(aq) NaC2H3O2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) ). The gaseous carbon dioxide most likely tried to escape into the atmosphere and caused the bubbling to occur. Another noticeable reaction
The Mentos and soda react due to nucleation. When the carbon dioxide from the soda mixes with the Mentos, the carbon dioxide is squeezed into liquid it's looking for a way out. It's trying to hook on to it can and those things are nucleation sites. Since the Mentos are coated with A TON of sugar that is also contains tons and tons of nucleation sites which causes pressure to build up and BAM It explodes.
The moment an Alka-Seltzer tablet hits water, it begins to fizz. These tablets are over-the-counter antacids and pain relief medications that contain aspirin, sodium bicarbonate, and citric acid. The fizzing is a result of a reaction occurring where carbon dioxide (in the form of bubbles), water, and sodium acetate is formed. The fizzing and carbon dioxide bubbles are a result of the sodium bicarbonate splitting and reacting with the citric acid. In this experiment we are determining the percent by mass of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) in Alka-Seltzer tablets and exploring the relationship between amounts of reactants and products.
In conclusion, the more baking that was added in the reaction the more gas that was produced. When there was only one scoop of baking soda, the least amount of gas was produced, when three scoops of baking soda were used, the most amount of gas was produced. The number of bubbles roughly stayed the same, so the number of bubbles created was not affected by the amount of baking soda. With increments of 1 scoop of baking soda, small amounts of gas are produced each trial. We compared each trial by identifying the firmness of the bag due to the gas. Since gas takes up space of the bag, the more firm the bag is, the more gas is produced. Therefore, our hypothesis of having more baking soda will make more gas is correct. | eng | 8dc14db4-0d99-4c71-b407-d02d31393508 | https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Soda-And-Mentos-Experiment-FCVKL5449T |
asyncio: yielding future
Once an asyncio coroutine wants to stop and communicate with the event loop, it uses await obj (or yield from obj before Python 3.6).
An obj should be another coroutine, asyncio.Future or any custom Future-like object (any object with the __await__ method defined).
Once the coroutine awaits another one, the second starts to run instead of the first. If it awaits the third one, the third one runs.
It goes on and on until some coroutine awaits a future. The future actually yields the value, so the loop finally gains control.
What value does the future yield? It yields itself. Can you yield a future directly? No, it's an internal detail you shouldn't normally worry about. | eng | a3ef5199-0407-460e-ba94-082ca8682490 | https://pythonetc.orsinium.dev/posts/asyncio-yielding-future |
Do I Know If I Need Insoles?
Insoles (or orthotics, to use the technical term) are padded or cushioned inserts that fit inside your shoe (or both shoes) to bring extra comfort. But the comfort doesn't just apply to your feet – if you have a problem with your feet, it can often manifest itself in heel pain or trouble with ankles, calves, pelvis and even your back, and the right insoles can help more than you might expect.
We have to point out a very important fact before we continue. Problems with your feet, such as flat feet, plantar fasciitis, or pain higher up your legs or back, are not things you can diagnose yourself. If you're suffering any such pain, it's important that you see your doctor or a chemist, who might refer you to a foot care specialist, known as a podiatrist, to diagnose the problem properly.
Left to your own devices, you might try shoe insoles that make the problem worse, for example, arch support insoles when the problem is with your heel. It might even turn out that the problem isn't with your feet, but with your shoes. In the UK, podiatry consultations are free on the NHS, and your occupational insurance should cover it too – it's not an uncommon complaint.
Signs you may need insoles
Your podiatrist will be able to properly advise you on arch support insoles, full-length orthotics and so on, depending on the specifics of your condition, and that could cure your pain or posture issues overnight. Alternatively, you might just need to put your feet up for a while or buy self-adhesive off-the-shelf comfort insoles. Some symptoms and conditions to look out for include:
Flat feet – where there's no noticeable arch between heel and ball
Sudden, sharp heel or arch pain – often caused by standing for long periods
Balance issues – it's worth having this looked at, as it could be down to feet, but possibly inner ear issues or vertigo
Left and right shoes wear out unevenly – most people's shoes wear out at the same time, but if one sole is going more quickly, it could signal a problem in one of your feet
Diabetes – this can often cause foot problems that can be alleviated with shoe inserts
Gout – a sharp joint pain that usually occurs in the big toe
General-purpose insoles
Medical needs aside, there are simply times when you just want a little extra comfort in your boots, and in such cases, you are free to use insoles. For example, if the padding that came with the boot has worn out but the footwear is still fine, why not just replace the comfort insole? Perhaps the shoes are just a little too big – insoles can fill the gap. Or maybe you're going to be on your feet a lot or are going hiking; again, if you fit insoles, it might prevent foot pain after a few hours of activity.
You can also get sports insoles made of foam or gel that provide extra cushioning and shock absorption for impact and offer additional support. Sorbothane double strike insoles are particularly useful if you're running or playing high impact sports like tennis.
Start with quality footwear
If your boots are uncomfortable, you're almost certainly going to end up with foot pain. That's why it's a good idea to only buy quality footwear made with great materials and a high level of craftsmanship. You owe it to your feet and your back, so why not step up to quality? | eng | 0c460ffd-c1f1-4ee1-8373-ec1add79cd97 | https://www.timberland.ie/customer-care/product-faqs/how-do-i-know-if-i-need-insoles.html |
Igopogo: The Elusive Serpent of Lake Simcoe the secrets of Igopogo, exploring its origins, reported sightings, and the enduring fascination it holds in the annals of cryptozoology.
The name "Igopogo" is a playful portmanteau, combining "Igo," taken from the surname of a local brewer and tavern owner named George Igo, and "pogo," a reference to the more famous cryptid, the Loch Ness Monster, affectionately known as "Nessie." This name aptly captures the essence of this Canadian legend.
Descriptions of Igopogo vary, but the most common portrayal depicts it as a long, serpentine creature resembling a sea serpent. Witnesses often describe it as having a dark, scaly body, with a head that sports a long neck and a distinctive horse-like or goat-like face. The creature's size is said to range from several feet to over 50 feet in length.
The lore of Igopogo dates back several centuries, with the indigenous First Nations peoples of the area sharing stories of a mysterious water beast. However, the first documented sighting that garnered significant attention occurred in 1952 when a group of witnesses claimed to have seen a strange, serpentine creature swimming in Lake Simcoe.
Since then, there have been numerous sightings of Igopogo, mostly near the towns of Beaverton and Georgina. Some reports include encounters with multiple witnesses who observed the creature swimming or surfacing briefly before disappearing beneath the water.
The legend of Igopogo has attracted the interest of cryptozoologists and researchers eager to investigate the creature's existence. Expeditions have been conducted in and around Lake Simcoe to search for evidence of Igopogo, such as sonar readings, underwater photography, and eyewitness interviews.
Skeptics often attribute Igopogo sightings to misidentifications of known animals, floating debris, or natural phenomena. The murky and unpredictable nature of Lake Simcoe's waters can create optical illusions, making it difficult to discern actual creatures from other objects.
Igopogo has become a cultural icon in the Lake Simcoe region, inspiring a sense of pride and mystery among the local population. The creature has been featured in various forms of art, literature, and even a statue erected in Beaverton, Ontario, as a testament to its enduring allure.
Igopogo, the mysterious serpent of Lake Simcoe, remains an enduring enigma in the world of cryptozoology. While skeptics may dismiss it as folklore or optical illusions, the legends and eyewitness accounts continue to fuel the fascination surrounding this cryptid. As Lake Simcoe's depths remain largely unexplored, the mystery of Igopogo endures, beckoning adventurers and researchers to uncover the secrets hidden beneath its tranquil waters. | eng | a87026bb-a415-49db-938b-6690c82ed585 | https://rogue.net/2023/09/11/igopogo-the-elusive-serpent-of-lake-simcoe/ |
AI-driven apps are now able to use data to better understand user behavior & to offer personalized recommendations.
However, with the power of AI comes the fear of job replacement & potential privacy risks. 😱
In this blog, we'll take a dive into the role of machine learning & artificial intelligence in app development, the opportunities they create for programmers & the fears associated with them.
First things first... What is Machine Learning? 🤔
Machine learning is a type of artificial intelligence that enables machines to learn from data without being programmed explicitly. It's based on the idea that machines should be able to learn & adapt through experience. It works by using algorithms that can learn from data, identify patterns & make predictions.
Perfect examples of websites that effectively use Machine Learning:
Netflix: The movie & TV streaming giant uses machine learning to personalize its recommendations for each individual user. By analyzing your viewing history & the actions of similar users, the site can make highly accurate suggestions for what to watch next.
Google Photos: Google Photos uses it to automatically organize & categorize all of your photos, making it easy to search & find specific pictures. It can also create animations & other visual effects using the photos in your library.
Spotify: The music streaming service uses machine learning to power its "Discover Weekly" & "Release Radar" playlists, which serve up personalized recommendations for new music based on the listener's listening history.
Facebook: The social media platform uses ML to personalize the news feed for each individual user, prioritizing posts from friends & pages that the user is likely to be most interested in. It also analyzes users' behavior & interests, allowing advertisers to target their ads to specific demographics & interests.
What is Artificial Intelligence? 🤖
AI, on the other hand, is a technology that enables machines to simulate human behavior. It's a larger concept that encompasses many different types of technologies, including machine learning & robotics.
We recently made a video about our top 5 AI tools that help us with various tasks and projects.
Open AI ChatGPT: This is a chatbot platform that allows us to easily build & deploy conversational AI bots for customer service, lead generation, & more. It's a powerful tool that helps us save time & improve the efficiency of our team.
GitHub Copilot: is a code completion & suggestion tool that helps developers write code faster & more accurately. It uses machine learning algorithms to understand the context of the code being written & suggest appropriate next steps.
Synthesia: is a tool that allows us to generate realistic, human-like text using AI. It's a great tool for creating content for social media, email marketing & more. 👉 Check it outhere🎬
Fireflies AI: is an optimization tool that helps businesses improve the user experience & increase conversions on their website. It uses machine learning algorithms to analyze user behavior and suggest design & content changes that will improve the user experience.
Deep Learning techniques use neural networks to analyze large amounts of data & make predictions or decisions. It's being widely used in image, speech & text processing. It's being applied to more & more use cases in mobile app development.
Robotics & Automation tools, enable developers to create apps that can perform tasks automatically, such as scheduling appointments, managing inventory or even making coffee. ☕
Explainable AI (XAI) methods, allow developers to make models more interpretable, which is crucial for making critical business decisions & establishing trust with users.
👍 Reduce development costs & improve time-to-market: With AI-powered tools & techniques, app development can be automated, allowing developers to focus on the creative aspects of the development process. This can lead to faster development times & ultimately faster time-to-market.
In short, AI technologies have the potential to revolutionize the way we interact with technology & can provide numerous benefits for mobile app development.
The impact on App Design & Development Agencies
As a result of these advancements, app design & development agencies (like us 🤓) have had to adapt & evolve their skills to stay competitive in the industry. Our team now needs to have a deeper understanding of AI & machine learning in general, in order to be able to incorporate these technologies into our app development projects. This means that we're now faced with the challenge of keeping up with the latest AI & ML trends, tools & developments. Which requires continuous learning & skill development.
However, this also means that by doing this, we're able to fully embrace AI & ML in our app development processes, which is a significant advantage! We'll be able to deliver more advanced apps, which will help our client's businesses to stand out in the market.
The dangers & challenges that come with it... 😰
The biggest fear of the rise of AI in app development is job replacement concerns.
AI technology continues to evolve & automate many tasks, there are concerns that this could lead to job loss & displacement for certain workers. This could include developers, designers, marketers & other professionals who may be replaced by AI-powered tools & processes. (OH BOY🤯)
Moreover, with the rise of Machine Learning & Artificial Intelligence, it's also important to have a strong focus on ethical considerations. Agencies like us must ensure that the apps we createdon't perpetuate bias or discrimination & that user data is collected, stored & used in a transparent & responsible manner. They're big issues of privacy concerns that come with using AI in app development. As AI-enabled apps collect & process vast amounts of data on users, there are concerns about the security of that data & how it's used. This could lead to legal & regulatory challenges for developers, as well as reputational risks for businesses.
Using AI in app development brings a lot of benefits, but also comes with its own set of challenges. Developers must contend with the lack of available experts, the need to keep up with ever-evolving AI technology, job displacement concerns & potential privacy risks. It requires a deep understanding of ethical considerations & the ability to analyze, protect & store the data collected by AI-powered apps.
Future predictions & trends
In the next few years, we can expect to see AI-powered apps being used in a wide range of industries.
One of the major trends in app development is the integration of edge computing, this will allow for more efficient, real-time data processing. And... It's set to become even more important in the future, as more & more data will be generated by a wide variety of IoT devices. This will be the key factor in making many of the AI-powered apps possible, from self-driving cars to medical diagnosis.
5 Machine Learning & AI tools for programming
Machine Learning frameworks & libraries provide developers with a variety of pre-built models & algorithms that can be used for a wide range of tasks.
TensorFlow: is an open-source machine learning library that provides a wide range of tools for building and deploying machine learning models. It's used by researchers, engineers & data scientists to create a wide range of applications.
PyTorch: is known for its simplicity & ease of use, making it popular among researchers & students. It has a dynamic computational graph which makes it easy for researchers to experiment with new models.
Scikit-Learn: It is a machine learning library for Python that's known for its simplicity & ease of use.
XGBoost: It is a popular open-source library for gradient boosting. Gradient boosting is a machine learning technique that involves training a sequence of models to predict the outcome of an event.
LightGBM: It is an open-source library for gradient boosting that's focused on high-performance & low-memory usage. It's known for its faster training speed & higher efficiency compared to other boosting libraries.
More & more interesting websites are being added every day. So feel free to look around on Google, or just ask ChatGPT 😇
Conclusion
With Machine Learning & Artificial Intelligence; developers can create powerful apps that understand user needs & preferences, provide accurate search results & offer personalized recommendations. As AI technology continues to advance, it will become even more capable of revolutionizing the way we interact with technology & access information.
The impact of AI on app design & development has been transformative, changing the way agencies like Nightborn work. But, it also delivers services & new opportunities for those willing to adapt & evolve.
The future of AI-powered app development is incredibly promising, and at Nightborn, we're excited to take on the challenge of shaping this future. 💪 | eng | e5e3d691-b46d-4115-b30f-aa504a77c350 | https://nightborn.be/blog/what-is-machine-learning-and-artificial-intelligence |
Flat Glass Coatings Market Expected to Projected to Reach by 2029 such as improving thermal insulation, reducing glare, increasing energy efficiency, enhancing privacy, and adding aesthetic value. The coatings are typically thin layers applied to the surface of the glass through various techniques like chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition, and spray coating.
These coatings are designed to reduce the amount of infrared and ultraviolet radiation that passes through the glass while allowing visible light to enter. This helps in maintaining indoor temperatures and reducing energy consumption for heating and cooling.
Solar Control Coatings:
Solar control coatings are designed to regulate the amount of solar heat that enters a building through the glass. They can help in reducing the need for excessive air conditioning and improve overall energy efficiency.
Anti-Reflective Coatings:
These coatings minimize the reflection of light from the glass surface, improving visibility and reducing glare. They are commonly used in applications where optical clarity is crucial, such as in display panels and windows.
Self-Cleaning Coatings:
These coatings incorporate hydrophilic and photocatalytic properties, allowing rainwater to wash away dirt and debris from the glass surface. Additionally, the photocatalytic properties can break down organic matter and help keep the glass cleaner over time.
Decorative Coatings:
Decorative coatings are used to add aesthetic value to glass surfaces. They can come in various patterns, textures, and colors, making them suitable for architectural and interior design applications.
Privacy Coatings:
These coatings can change from transparent to opaque in response to an external stimulus like an electrical current, providing privacy control in environments like bathrooms and meeting rooms.
Security and Safety Coatings:
These coatings are designed to strengthen glass and prevent it from shattering into sharp fragments upon impact. They are used in applications where safety is a concern, such as glass doors, windows, and partitions.
The flat glass coatings industry has gained significant importance due to its contributions to energy efficiency, building design, and sustainability. The demand for energy-efficient and eco-friendly buildings has driven the innovation and development of advanced coatings that can meet these requirements.
Market players in the flat glass coatings industry include manufacturers of coatings, glass manufacturers, and companies specializing in glass processing and installation. As technology continues to evolve, new types of coatings with enhanced functionalities are likely to emerge, further shaping the industry's landscape. | eng | 0a6e8dde-ed6d-4e39-a48f-41beff4a0eb3 | https://thewion.com/flat-glass-coatings-market-expected-to-projected-to-reach-by-2029/ |
Racoon IPsec VPN on Debian Lennyurations
As for the variable LOCAL_ADDR: this is the address of the client. In the end the client interface will have two addresses: LOCAL_ADDR which it already had before the VPN came up, and INTERNAL_ADDR4 which is the address assigned to the client by the VPN.
Notice that LOCAL_ADDR is the client side of the IPSec tunnel created by the SA added to the SPD in the client.phaseone-up.sh script (line 65 & 66). Basically when everything is set up the encrypted tunnel exists between LOCAL_ADDR (client) and REMOTE_ADDR (VPN server). | eng | 6b621ecc-4ade-41a5-bea6-20828ce80bc7 | https://twobit.org/2010/01/22/racoon-ipsec-vpn-on-debian-lenny/ |
For the first time! Wind and solar energies reach a record 10% of global electricity in 2021
By : Dr. Franyi Sarmiento, Ph.D., Inspenet, March 31, 2022.
Wind and solar power reached a record 10% of global electricity in 2022, which means that clean energy; it is now 38% of the total supply after a recovery in demand growth, according to a report by Ember Climate.
In its analysis "Global Electricity Review", Ember Climate, pointed out that solar generation presented an increase of 23% in 2021, while wind power, an increase of 14%, which, when combined, achieve more than 10% of generation world electricity.
Similarly, the study indicated that to be on the path to keeping Global Warming to 1.5 degrees, it is necessary to keep compound growth rates high at 20% each year until 2030.
"This is eminently possible: wind and solar are the lowest cost sources of electricity on a level basis; with a growing global experience of integrating them into networks at high levels", highlighted the study.
To date 50 countries generate more than 10% of their electricity with these renewable sources; and only three generate more than 40 percent. Some governments like the United States; Germany; United Kingdom; The US and Canada have plans to make their electricity grid 100% clean in the next decade and a half.
Despite this, coal is still growing in tandem with global electricity demand, so governments need to act boldly and ambitiously, Ember Climate said.
In this regard, David Jones, global leader of Ember Climate, assured that wind and solar energy are here to stay. "The process that will reshape the existing energy system has begun. This decade, they must be implemented at the speed of light to reverse the rise in global emissions and address climate change," said Jones. | eng | 09463c02-169f-491c-b27b-843768b46db9 | https://inspenet.com/en/noticias/for-the-first-time-wind-and-solar-energies-reach-a-record-10-of-global-electricity-in-2021/ |
Is Nicki Minaj Associated With Barbie?
WhenBut did you know that Nicki Minaj is also associated with Barbie? Let's delve into this interesting connection and explore how it has shaped her career.
The Birth of Barbie
Before we dive into the association between Nicki Minaj and Barbie, let's take a quick look at the history of Barbie herself. Created by Ruth Handler in 1959, Barbie quickly became one of the most popular dolls in the world. With her fashionable outfits, diverse career choices, and undeniable charm, Barbie has been an inspiration to millions of girls around the globe.
Nicki Minaj: The Harajuku Barbie
Nicki Minaj first caught people's attention in 2009 with her mixtape "Beam Me Up Scotty." It was around this time that she began referring to herself as the "Harajuku Barbie." This nickname was inspired by both her love for Japanese Harajuku fashion and her admiration for Mattel's iconic doll.
Throughout her career, Nicki Minaj has embraced the idea of being a real-life doll. She often incorporates vibrant colors, outrageous costumes, and larger-than-life hairstyles into her image. This has not only helped her stand out from other artists but has also solidified her association with Barbie.
The Pinkprint Era
In 2014, Nicki Minaj released her third studio album titled "The Pinkprint." This album showcased a more personal side of the rapper while still maintaining her extravagant style. The album cover featured Nicki Minaj posing in a pink bra and panty set, reminiscent of a classic Barbie doll.
Additionally, the music video for her hit single "Anaconda" paid homage to the iconic Barbie doll. In the video, Nicki Minaj can be seen twerking and dancing in a jungle setting, surrounded by pink and green props that further emphasize the Barbie theme.
Barbz: The Nicki Minaj Fanbase
Nicki Minaj's association with Barbie has not only influenced her visual style but has also shaped her fanbase. Her loyal fans, often referred to as "Barbz," have embraced the connection between their idol and the iconic doll. They proudly identify themselves as part of this community and even use Barbie-related usernames on social media platforms.
Influence on Fashion
One of the most significant ways in which Nicki Minaj's association with Barbie has impacted popular culture is through fashion. Her bold style choices, including vibrant wigs, extravagant outfits, and unique accessories, have inspired countless fans to experiment with their own looks.
The influence can be seen both on social media platforms like Instagram, where fans share their Nicki Minaj-inspired outfits using hashtags like #BarbieStyle or #NickiMinajFashionChallenge, and in real life where people attend concerts or events dressed in outfits reminiscent of the rapper's iconic looks.
In Conclusion
Nicki Minaj's association with Barbie is evident throughout her career. From her self-proclaimed title as the "Harajuku Barbie" to incorporating doll-like aesthetics into her music videos and album art, she has embraced this connection and made it a significant part of her brand.
Not only has this association helped Nicki Minaj stand out in the music industry, but it has also influenced fashion trends and created a dedicated fanbase. The impact of Barbie on popular culture is undeniable, and Nicki Minaj has successfully incorporated this iconic doll into her own persona.
So, the next time you see Nicki Minaj rocking a colorful wig or an extravagant outfit, remember that she is not just a talented rapper, but also a real-life Barbie who continues to inspire millions around the world.
4 Related Question Answers | eng | 8d261d96-c7de-4ea5-91ce-0c2f28726f76 | https://hotshotscalendar.com/is-nicki-minaj-associated-with-barbie/ |
D&D GeneralHow Weird Do You Like Your D&D
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Legend
"Fantasy" is a very broad genre, even when "constrained" by the tropes and assumptions of D&D. It can be grounded and realistic after a fashion,or wild and weird. So, how weird do you like your D&D adventures, worlds and characters.
In answering you can define "weird" however you like, but I'm specifically thing of things that don't fit in a sane world, that defy expectations and/or lean toward horrific absurdity. The Tower of the Elephant is weird, and so is Adventure Time.
On a scale of 1 to 10 I like a constant 4 or 5, where the world is weird but not absurd, but then specific places or entities get really weird. I especially like making dungeons specifically the high weirdness points in a campaign: the dungeon that is itself a giant mimic, the dungeon that is a pocket realm of faerie, the dungeon that is the dreaming of a mad God.
Legend
I too like weird, with areas that are especially weird, though I would rate it at around a 7, personally. (To me a 4 or 5 would be standard D&D weirdness.)
In my last session, the PCs (a flumph soul knife, a candy dragon barbarian, a vampiric far realm sorcerer, a tentacle horror monk, a cat spirit ranger, and a human druid) went through a magical portal and ended up inside a giant-plant-worm-thing. There were other entities living inside of the worm and they had to variously fight and negotiate their way through the innards to reach the portal at the other end. (It's a weapon being grown by the cultists of a far realm god that is trying to infest reality.) The insides of this creature were one of the weirder areas of my campaign, and the portal returned them to the clockwork forest from whence they had come (one of the more standard levels of weirdness).
Legend
I like most things grounded so everyone knows the baseline. If gravity does not work right in one place, that is cool, but everywhere- then I need to explain base things most people assume are about Earthlike. Most of my games are similar to the LotR movies with PHB races as player races, limited god interference, limited 15+level pcs/NPCs. I guess I'm rather vanilla.
Legend
I should say that I often prefer that the PCs are less weird that the weird parts of a particular campaign,because it makes highlighting the weirdness easier. So if I'm going for Hyborean Age weirdness, the PCs should be Conan.
Hero
I like it to change from time to time - ie the Spelljammer game I'm in is cranking the weird up and that's fun, but I wouldn't want to only play that. On the other hand, never doing that would be just as boring.
So I want it to vary from game to game, rather than always being a 6 or whatever... though I'm not a huge fan of "realistic" settings and look upon low-magic with skepticism.
Hero
Legend
I like fairly grounded campaigns, with my base assumption being reality + minor magic. So yes, there are magical creatures like dragons and small magic makes people's lives a little better but someone from our world probably wouldn't realize it right away. I do that so when people do encounter the truly fantastical or weird, it stands out as something special and unique.
To paraphrase Syndrome, if everything is weird then nothing is weird. Or at least it feels less weird.
Mod SquadLoves Your Favorite Game
If I wanted a consistently weird experience, I'd go for Ultraviolet Grasslands, but I absolutely want individual places that hit that level of weird. In my homebrew world, one of the principles I fell in love with is that magic begets magic, so the places that have the most weird stuff going on slowly get weirder over time.
LegendMy favourite use of weirdness from myself is still describing the fort in the Hill Giant part of Against the Giants so well the Thief player exploring it (with a ring of invisibility) actually started to freak out and had to leave because it was too weird.
LegendI don't think the only two options are to either limit exposure or do something extreme. IMO, the best option for a high weirdness scenario is to maintain the weirdness. Obviously, there will be variance in the level of weirdness. I'm just saying your options aren't simply rare weirdness or shock value weirdness.
To use your fleshy tunnel example.
You (and I mean you in the general sense, not you specifically) might have an eye suddenly open and stare at them (the eye doesn't have to do anything, though they won't necessarily know that). You could have a pustule that slowly emits gas (smelly but harmless). Heck, even something like describing a stone room ahead (when everything else has been flesh) can really weird them out. Obviously, these rainbow herrings should be intermixed with actual encounters as well.
Plus, you need to periodically reemphasize the fleshiness of the tunnels, because if the DM gets lazy and just describes it in technical language like it's any old dungeon tunnel (it's 50' long and 10' wide and T's off at the end) then it will certainly lose its impact in no time.
Maintaining weirdness does admittedly come with certain challenges, but if you can describe a dungeon vibrantly then you have the skills to handle it, IME.
Legend
For D&D 5e, I'd say I like it at about a 3-4 on the Weird-o-Meter. However, for something like DCC RPG, I dial it up to an 8. Give me wizard vans, ancient technological relics, and (literal) two-faced wizards. That game is designed to dive back into the weird parts of Appendix N.
Hero
I guess I'm about standard D&D weirdness for most of the world, although there are definitely places where things get strange. Mostly, though, it's strange-but-within-the-bounds-of-the-general-tone-of-the-world, rather than truly absurd stuff... The little weird vs. the big Weird.
For example, I liked Expedition To The Barrier Peaks, and there's an old Role Aids module called Swordthrust where you find out that the ice-cave dungeon you're in is actually inside the head of a sleeping ice titan buried under a mountain range, and most of the creatures inside it are his memories.
But I prefer to have things on a relatively normal vibe most of the time so that when the weirdness shows up you really notice it. Individual places, individuals or adventures may veer off into horror or sometimes comedy territory but generally you don't see flumph bards strolling the streets of hard-bitten port cities founded by pirates. It's a lot like how the ancient Celts viewed the spirit world - there are barriers between the normal world and the weirdness, and in some places they're thin (it's always just under the surface or around the next corner), but most of the time they don't interact so that when they do it becomes a tale to be told.*
I don't generally go for the really weird stuff, but that's because I tend to like to go big with it when it happens...
I once ran an adventure for a party that started off fairly normally, with the party hired to protect a village from an evil wizard by a red-headed man wearing a strange amulet on his chest that let him cast Antipathy/Sympathy several times a day.
But then it takes a turn into the strange...
When they get to the village, they discover that everyone in the village is wearing similar amulets that let them cast a particular spell. And everyone is a werebear. And the evil wizard wants to steal all of magic their amulets to build an infernal machine.
And then a turn to the comedic.
The party quickly realizes the adventure is full of '80's pop-culture references - the were-Care Bears are being threatened by a wizard who looks like the Purple Pieman from Strawberry Shortcake, and he needs their amulets to build a machine that will suck all the joy out of the world. To get to the wizard's castle, they have to travel through an enchanted Candyland forest, where the trees are made out of chocolate licorice with wintergreen leaves, with caramel Squirrels running through the trees, following a blue-raspberry flavored stream. They encounter a friendly blueberry marshmallow ghost who guides them to the castle, where they fight gummi orcs and chocolate-covered-giant ants.
And then the adventure turns on a dime into the horrific.
The blueberry marshmallow ghost suddenly bleeds blueberry blood from its hollow eye sockets and lets out a banshee's wail. When the party fireballs the giant chocolate-covered ants, they melt into an ankle-deep pool of goop that smells of burnt chocolate, which the party must slog through to fight the gummi orcs. When a character hits the gummi orcs with a weapon, it becomes stuck in them with a horrific glorping sound and requires a strength roll to pull out. When one of the yellow gummi orcs loses an arm, a red gummi orc picks it up and attaches it to its own stump of an arm, where it quickly melds together into an orange scar...
And even worse, when the party makes its way to the wizard's tower, they discover he's actually a necromancer who's building a machine to suck the joy (positive energy) out of the world in order to turn the world's children into his personal mind-controlled army - whereupon the party is forced to fight a horde of zombie children before taking on the wizard.
Yeah...
Afterward, the players told me that it was the greatest adventure I'd ever run for them, and that they'd kill me if I ever did it again, lol.
Legend
0: More aggressively "normal" than actual people's lives. This is the zone of things like the weird obsession with enforcing racism, sexism, religious oppression, and other IRL stuff that, yes, it really did exist but is really not fun and unnecessary in a fantasy setting.
1: Actually like most ordinary lives, the "quiet desperation" angle. Very few people want to play at this level mostly because very little of consequence happens to the vast majority of people here.
2-3: Special extensions beyond ordinary drudgery stuff. The people who live in a border town that sees a lot of comings and goings, or who work in a noble's mansion and thus hear all sorts of scandalous things. That kind of stuff--beyond mundane, but only just.
4-5: Actually fantastical, but at a distance removed. You know the local priest can do some magical stuff, your great-grandmother left the family that "cookbook" and her husband's (now dusty and ill-maintained) sword she claimed was magical. That kind of thing.
6-7: The fantastical is blended into the everyday. This means there is still an everyday to blend into, but it's hard to sharply separate the everyday stuff from the fantastical stuff. On the lower end, this resembles 2-3 but with supernatural things in addition to merely mundane-but-outlier things. On the high end, it's the home of many standard YA fantasy novels (e.g. the Old Kingdom books by Garth Nix), or Eberron.
8-9: The fantastical has largely supplanted the everyday. "Weird" things are a regular occurrence, magic is almost everywhere. Harry Potter is probably on the low end of this, while arguably Lovecraftian horror tends toward the high end, where reality itself is a thin fictional coat of paint over the madness-inducing truth of reality.
10: There is only the fantastical, and it strains hard against the boundaries of what is even remotely conceivable, let alone plausible.
11: You have gone beyond the impossible and made even "fantastical" inadequate to describe the kind of experiences or events that occur. Congratulations for breaking the system.
My preference is around 7. Pretty much the absolute bare minimum I'd accept is around 5, 5.5, where the magic and fantasy are there but they must be "brought into" the world, as it were, rather than being "already there" to interact with. Around 8.5-9 is where my tolerances start to break down, I can still deal with it but it becomes harder for me to relate unless I'm really, really on board with the premise/concept/etc.
So you could say my preference is somewhere between "great-grandma was totally a witch, look at all the diagrams she drew in her 'private' cookbook!!" and "the whole world is festooning with the fantastical, from flimsy flinders to formal foundations," while I find the real blockbuster hits are just about midway between, where magic and mundane are still two poles, but the boundary between them has completely fuzzed out into a smooth gradient. The Old Kingdom books are an almost perfect distillation of the kinds of "secret lore," magic-is-everywhere yet mundane-is-important stuff, so I'll basically always mention them. The Abhorsen has tricksy bells and magic books that hide their contents in your own memory until you really need it and all sorts of other things...and must also be an actual fencer who wears a scale hauberk and, ideally, is fully trained in music, literature, and history in order to make the fullest use of their powers.
I like my D&D fantastical, but not Super Weird; I like it to recognize the mundane, without enforcing it; I like it to embrace the possibility of transcending mortal/physical limits without using magic; I like it to give magic value and purpose without making it clearly superior to either so-called "mundane" martial skill or non-magic forms of supernatural power.
Legend
Two of them would pick up their comrades and fling them at us. The damage of a giant-sized rubber chicken was large. It was hilarious and fun. But it was in a pocket dimension that had lots of weird stuff so it kind of made sense in a weird way and made for a great side-quest.
I wouldn't be able to tolerate that kind of silliness with any regularity in a campaign. I'm probably happy with a 4-6 | eng | 60eec3fd-f764-411e-a59e-d6dd59d11f5d | https://www.enworld.org/threads/how-weird-do-you-like-your-d-d.693606/ |
Bridging a gap in capital structure with Mezzanine Financing
A bridge takes a lot of materials and tons of stability to make the pieces fit together without falling apart. A weak bridge that undergoes too much pressure will fall into pieces and be useless. It is important that whatever bridge you build, that the structure has a strong foundation and sturdy supports. Mezzanine financing does a very good job at bridging the gap in capital structure.
A mezzanine "bridge" is built from aspects of both subordinated debt and preferred equity. Those are in essence the supports of the bridge. A bridge helps you cross over a physical obstacle that you could not before. Mezzanine is a form of junior debt that bridges the gap between private equity investment and a traditional bank loan. Unlike a bank loan, mezzanine relies upon a business' fruitfulness and prospective growth. Between all the different bridge materials, steel has the highest and most favorable strength qualities. Mezzanine financing offers many similar qualities to steel. It is unsecured and commands a longer term senior debt. On a company's capital structure, mezzanine financing is slated between common equity and senior debt. Different than senior debt, mezzanine financing is not a first lien against the business' assets and it is rarely collateralized.
The benefit of a bridge is it allows people to cross over an obstacle, such as a body of water, valley, or road, without closing the way underneath. Like a suspension bridge, mezzanine allows a company safe passage over a gap, on its way to green field of plenty. The longer the span and the greater the pay off on the other side, the more valuable mezzanine is. Without it, a company would not be able to get from point A to point B. With tightfisted banks and return thirsty investors, it's difficult for a company to bring in the right capital solution to ensure safe passage. Mezzanine has many times played the role of the bridge, carefully balancing the company's need for stability with the lenders need for security | eng | 1303727f-a43d-4be4-8147-ba3246ec434a | https://www.attractcapital.com/bridging-capital-gap-with-mezzanine-financing.html |
Two independent teams of researchers -- one based in Denmark and the other in the United Kingdom and Canada -- set out to collect several air samples from two European zoos: Hamerton Zoo Park in the U.K. and Copenhagen Zoo in Denmark. Their findings, published Thursday in the journal Current Biology, showed the presence of a wide range of animal species both within and outside the two zoos.
[...]
"We were even able to collect eDNA [environmental DNA] from animals that were hundreds of meters away from where we were testing without a significant drop in the concentration, and even from outside sealed buildings.
The laboratory is one example of how British scientists have industrialized the process of genomic sequencing during the pandemic, cutting the time and cost needed to generate a unique genetic fingerprint for each coronavirus case analyzed.
[...]
Britain made sequencing a priority early in the pandemic after Cambridge University Professor Sharon Peacock identified the key role it could play in combating the virus and won government funding for a national network of scientists, laboratories and testing centers known as the COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium.
[...]
That has helped slash the cost of analyzing each genome by 50% while reducing the turnaround time from sample to sequence to five days from three weeks, according to Wellcome Sanger.
Increasing sequencing capacity is like building a pipeline, according to Dr. Eric Topol, chair of innovative medicine at Scripps Research in San Diego, California. In addition to buying expensive sequencing machines, countries need supplies of chemical reagents, trained staff to carry out the work and interpret the sequences, and systems to ensure that data is shared quickly and transparently. | eng | 36d9bd1f-3f40-4252-a731-74eecf9c1ed4 | https://www.eurotrib.com/comments/2022/1/17/124550/173/70 |
How do I export Notes?
Notes can be exported. Notes refers to any PDFs, images, signatures, special instructions, warnings, or typed notes. Notes are used as attachments to a product, order, or anywhere where the Notes button is present. If when you are looking at a product or order, the Notes button has a "(1)" next to it –"Notes (1)"–then 1 note is present, and so on. Follow the below instructions to export it.
Click on the Notes button.
The list of notes will appear. If you wish to export this information, you can click the "Export" button in the window. Or, to drill down on one particular note, go to the next step below.
Click the blue hyperlinked title of notes you want to export.
This will pull up the note itself. This could be just a free text, an image, or PDF.
Export by printing or downloading.
Tip!
If you are exporting notes from an order, consider also exporting, or printing, the order itself to go along with your notes export. This way you will have more information to go with your notes export. | eng | 178ae745-252e-441c-bc95-5a1879b79c3e | https://www.flowtrac.com/knowledge-base-archive/how-do-i-export-notes/ |
Bongs
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Bongs
What is Bongs
Introduction
Bongs are popular smoking devices used to filter and cool smoke for a smoother and more enjoyable smoking experience. They come in various styles, designs, and materials. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the world of bongs, including their types, how to use them, and the benefits they offer.
Types of Bongs
Glass Bongs: Glass bongs are the most common and preferred type due to their aesthetic appeal, durability, and heat resistance. They offer excellent flavor and visibility of the smoke.
Acrylic Bongs: Acrylic bongs are lightweight and affordable options. They are less fragile than glass bongs and often come in vibrant colors.
Ceramic Bongs: Ceramic bongs are known for their intricate designs and decorative elements. They provide a unique smoking experience and can retain heat well.
Silicone Bongs: Silicone bongs are highly durable, portable, and easy to clean. They are flexible and often feature detachable parts for convenient storage and transport.
Percolator Bongs: Percolator bongs have additional filtration chambers or percolators that help cool and filter the smoke for smoother hits.
Customizable Experience: Bongs can be customized with different accessories and percolators to suit individual preferences and enhance the smoking experience.
Cleaning and Maintenance
Regular cleaning is essential to maintain the performance and longevity of your bong. Rinse it with warm water after each use and use pipe cleaners or brushes to remove residue and buildup.
Periodically, soak the bong in a cleaning solution specifically designed for glass or acrylic bongs. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for best results.
Conclusion
Bongs are versatile smoking devices that offer a smoother and more enjoyable smoking experience. They come in various types, each with its own unique features and benefits. By understanding the different types of bongs, learning how to use them properly, and appreciating their advantages such as smooth hits and enhanced flavor, you can choose the right bong to suit your preferences. Remember to clean and maintain your bong regularly to ensure optimal performance and longevity. Happy smoking!
How to Use Bongs
Introduction
Bongs are popular smoking devices that provide a smooth and enjoyable smoking experience. Whether you're a beginner or experienced smoker, understanding how to use a bong properly can enhance your smoking sessions. In this comprehensive guide, we will walk you through the step-by-step process of using a bong for a satisfying smoking experience.
Step 1: Gather the Necessary Supplies
Bong: Choose a bong that suits your preferences, considering factors such as size, material, and design.
Water: Fill the bong with water to a level that covers the downstem but leaves enough space for airflow.
Herb: Grind your dry herb to a consistency suitable for smoking and have it ready for packing.
Lighter or Hemp Wick: Ensure you have a reliable lighter or hemp wick to ignite the herb.
Step 2: Prepare the Bong
Remove the bowl: If your bong has a removable bowl, carefully detach it from the downstem.
Fill the base with water: Pour water into the base of the bong until it covers the downstem by at least an inch. The exact water level may vary based on personal preference.
Step 3: Pack the Bowl
Take the bowl and fill it with your ground herb. Use a packing tool or your fingers to ensure an even and packed bowl.
Place the bowl back into the downstem, ensuring a snug fit.
Step 4: Light and Inhale
Hold the bong firmly with one hand, placing your finger over the carb (if applicable).
Bring the mouthpiece to your lips and position your mouth over it.
Using your other hand, hold the lighter or hemp wick to the herb in the bowl and begin to inhale slowly and steadily.
As you inhale, continue to hold the flame over the herb, allowing it to ignite and produce smoke.
Release the carb (if applicable) when the chamber is filled with smoke, or alternatively, remove the bowl to clear the chamber.
Step 5: Inhale and Enjoy
Once the chamber is filled with smoke, inhale deeply and steadily, drawing the smoke into your lungs.
Take a moment to hold the smoke in your lungs and then exhale slowly.
Step 6: Repeat and Clean
Repeat the process as desired, taking breaks between hits to ensure a comfortable and enjoyable experience.
After your smoking session, empty the used herb from the bowl and rinse the bong with warm water to remove any residue.
Important Tips
Start with smaller hits if you're new to using a bong, gradually increasing your inhalation as you become more comfortable.
Experiment with different water levels and herb packing techniques to find what works best for you.
Be mindful of the heat from the flame and the bowl as you light your herb to avoid accidental burns.
Conclusion
Using a bong can provide a smooth and enjoyable smoking experience. By following these step-by-step instructions, you can effectively use a bong to enjoy your favorite herbs. Remember to choose a suitable bong, pack the bowl properly, inhale slowly and steadily, and maintain regular cleaning for optimal performance. Enjoy your bong sessions responsibly and savor the flavors and effects of your chosen herbs.
What are the Benefits of Bongs
Introduction
Bongs have been a popular choice among smoking enthusiasts for their ability to enhance the smoking experience. From smoother hits to improved filtration, bongs offer several benefits that make them a preferred smoking device. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the benefits of using bongs and how they can enhance your smoking sessions.
Smooth and Cooler Hits
One of the key benefits of using a bong is the delivery of smoother and cooler hits compared to other smoking methods. Bongs utilize water filtration to cool down the smoke, removing some of the harshness and heat. The water acts as a cooling agent, providing a smoother inhalation experience that is easier on the throat and lungs.
Improved Filtration
Bongs feature a filtration system that helps remove impurities and particulates from the smoke. The water in the bong acts as a filter, trapping ash and other unwanted substances, resulting in a cleaner and purer smoking experience. This filtration process can lead to a smoother taste and a cleaner inhale.
Enhanced Flavor
The use of a bong can enhance the flavor of your herbs or tobacco. As the smoke passes through the water, it undergoes a process called percolation, which helps filter out some of the unwanted flavors and impurities. This allows the natural flavors of the herbs to come through, providing a more pronounced and enjoyable taste.
Efficient and Controlled Delivery
Bongs allow for efficient and controlled delivery of smoke. With larger chambers and longer stems, bongs can hold more smoke, allowing you to take bigger hits. This makes it an ideal choice for those who prefer larger smoke inhalations. Additionally, the use of a carb (if applicable) allows for better control over the airflow and the release of smoke, enabling you to customize your hits.
Versatility and Customization
Bongs offer a wide range of options for customization and personalization. They come in various sizes, shapes, and designs, allowing you to choose one that suits your preferences. Additionally, many bongs come with additional features such as percolators, ice catchers, and diffusers, which can further enhance the smoking experience by providing additional filtration or cooling.
Social Experience
Bongs are often used in social settings, making them a popular choice for group smoking sessions. Sharing a bong with friends can create a sense of camaraderie and promote a social smoking experience.
Durability and Longevity
Bongs, particularly those made of high-quality materials such as glass or acrylic, are durable and built to last. With proper care and maintenance, a well-made bong can provide years of enjoyable smoking sessions.
Conclusion
Bongs offer several benefits that can enhance your smoking experience. From providing smoother and cooler hits to improved filtration and enhanced flavor, bongs offer a unique and enjoyable way to consume your favorite herbs or tobacco. The versatility and customization options, along with the social aspect of sharing a bong, further add to their appeal. Choose a bong that suits your preferences and enjoy the benefits of a smoother, cleaner, and more enjoyable smoking experience. Remember to clean and maintain your bong regularly to ensure optimal performance and longevity.
What to Look for when shopping for Bongs
Introduction
When it comes to shopping for a bong, it's essential to consider various factors to ensure you choose the right one for your smoking preferences. From size and material to design and additional features, there are several aspects to keep in mind. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the key factors to consider when shopping for bongs to help you make an informed decision.
Size and Portability
Consider the size of the bong you prefer. Bongs come in various sizes, ranging from small and portable to larger and more substantial pieces. Smaller bongs are more portable and easy to handle, while larger bongs typically offer more space for smoke accumulation. Choose a size that suits your needs and smoking preferences.
Material
Bongs are commonly made from glass, acrylic, ceramic, silicone, or metal. Each material has its own advantages and considerations. Glass bongs are popular for their aesthetic appeal, clean taste, and durability. Acrylic bongs are lightweight and less prone to breakage, making them a suitable option for travel. Consider the pros and cons of each material and choose one that aligns with your preferences and lifestyle.
Design and Aesthetics
Bongs come in a wide range of designs and styles, from simple and functional to intricate and artistic. Consider the design aesthetics that appeal to you, whether it's a classic beaker shape, a straight tube design, or a more elaborate piece with unique features. Choose a design that resonates with your personal style and preferences.
Percolators and Additional Features
Percolators are additional filtration devices within the bong that help further cool and filter the smoke, providing a smoother hit. Consider whether you prefer a bong with one or multiple percolators, such as tree, honeycomb, or showerhead percolators. Additionally, some bongs may have features like ice catchers or diffusers, which can enhance the smoking experience. Take into account the additional features and their impact on the overall performance of the bong.
Ease of Cleaning
Consider the ease of cleaning and maintenance when selecting a bong. Bongs with detachable parts, removable downstems, or wider openings make it easier to access and clean hard-to-reach areas. Keep in mind that bongs with intricate percolators may require more effort and time to clean thoroughly.
Budget
Set a budget range before shopping for a bong. Bongs come in various price ranges, depending on factors such as material, size, brand, and additional features. Determine how much you are willing to spend and explore options within your budget to find the best value for your money.
Brand and Reputation
Consider the reputation and reviews of the brand you are purchasing from. Research reputable brands known for producing high-quality bongs that are durable and provide an enjoyable smoking experience. Read customer reviews and seek recommendations to ensure you are purchasing from a trusted source.
Conclusion
When shopping for bongs, considering factors such as size, material, design, additional features, ease of cleaning, budget, and brand reputation will help you make an informed decision. Find a bong that aligns with your smoking preferences, offers the desired filtration and cooling, and fits within your budget. Remember to prioritize quality and durability to ensure a long-lasting and enjoyable smoking experience. With careful consideration of these factors, you can find the perfect bong to suit your needs and enhance your smoking sessions. | eng | 35c69b0f-c1ee-4c04-a24b-df1239ebacd4 | https://boutiquetoyou.com/collections/bongs |
This is the leather (or faux leather) folder that waiters/waitresses use to deliver the check/bill to the customer, who reviews the bill and encloses cash or a credit card back to the waiter.
What is a presenter in a restaurant?
These holders keep guest information private, unlike the plastic trays found in many restaurants. These check presenters maintain customer privacy and maintain an organized workplace. Many of the bill presenters are made of a leatherette material.
What is a check presenter?
Check Presenters are made with different types of material such as leather and plastic. You can handover the bills in a polite way with the help of a check presenter.
What do you call a check holder at a restaurant?
I've worked in many restaurants in the U.S. and the holder for checks is usually not referenced by name by anyone but the serving staff. They usually call it a "server book."
What is a check holder called?
RoJoHen said: ↑ It's technically called a "check presenter," though we in the industry just call them "books."
How do you say pay bill in a restaurant?
The most polite ways are probably: "May we have the bill/check, please?" "Could we have the bill/check, please?" "Could we get the bill/check, please?
What do you call the bill at a restaurant?
It's one of the definitions of check: 25. a slip or ticket showing the amount owed, especially a bill for food or beverages consumed.
What is the thing that the bill comes in called?
It's technically called a "check presenter," though we in the industry just call them "books."
What should a waiter say for a bill?
How do you say pay your bill?
pay the bill
bear the cost.
bear the expense.
finance.
pick up the check.
pick up the tab.
pop for.
redeem.
spring for.
What is the check holder at a restaurant called?
How do you pay in a restaurant?
Paying a restaurant bill with a credit card is very straightforward. First, your server will leave the bill with you on the table. Look the bill over and make sure the charges are accurate. Depending on the restaurant, you may hand the bill to the waiter, or you might take it up to a cash register to pay in person.
What do you call a waitress book?
Server books are multi-functional pads filled with order pads and compartments that restaurant servers can use to take down customer orders and store helpful items.
How do you offer to pay for food?
Let's say you're at a restaurant with some clients or colleagues and you'd like to offer to pay for the meal….Business English: How to offer to pay for a meal/coffee in…
spring for.
bill on me.
let me foot the bill.
it's my treat.
it's on me.
I'm buying.
get/have the bill.
pick up the bill/check.
How do you ask for bill in a restaurant?
"May we have the bill, please?" Or "Check please!"
What is the restaurant check called?
restaurant bill
Check here is a noun that refers to a restaurant bill. It is unclear when check was first used to refer to the bill at a restaurant. One of the first recorded uses of check in this context was in Adeline Dutton Whitney's 1869 novel, Patience Strong's Outings: "I let her settle for the dinner checks."
How do you say I will pay for the bill?
Here are some common phrases and sentences you can use when offering to pay for a meal or coffee to others. | eng | 7ca40e0d-73d8-4723-b27a-8fa2c598685a | https://pleasefireme.com/blog/what-is-a-bill-presenter/ |
2 Javianrouz
Arouz is the Meridia of Famine. When he gets peckish for grain, he can ravage great swathes of farmland the world over, and if that sets the inhabitants back a little, it's not his problem! In his eyes, hunger is a sin... unless it's someone else's!
The Meridian Effect
Let's get ready to rumble! Today, even the smallest grain will be a prized possession. If you don't feel like spending the day rationing a loaf of stale bread and drinking from puddles, you should use your Wheat stock wisely!
DOFUS bonuses and quests
Bonus: Saved ingredients
Farmers save 10% of their ingredients when they craft items.
Quest: Offering for Arouz
Find 20 Oats and take the offering to Antyklime Ax
WAKFU quest
Arouz
DOFUS Touch bonuses and quests
Bonus: Saved ingredients
Bakers save 10% of their ingredients when they craft items.
Quest: Offering for Arouz
Find 10 Oat Flour and take the offering to Antyklime Ax
Triviax
Percimol may well be made entirely of liquid, but that doesn't mean he doesn't have to eat! It's just too bad his people live so close to a herd of angry Taurs who take without giving and are always hungry! *sigh* If only we could live on water alone | eng | a23c3b09-7e60-41ca-b2f7-56b3429d0618 | https://www.krosmoz.com/en/almanax/2016-01-02 |
The importance of exercise has been known to humanity for ages. The phrase 'A sound body has a sound mind' has been emphasized enough that it has become second nature to most people living in this global village. But with all the benefits that are provided by regular exercise, have you ever thought that it can also reduce the chances of acquiring flu and pneumonia or can somehow decrease the mortality rate related to these health conditions? Don't worry if you haven't because some scientists have already studied this correlation.
A longitudinal study conducted on US adults published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine has indicated in its findings that people who do aerobic exercise on a regular basis are less prone to flu and pneumonia. Even if they catch influenza, they have greater body strength to combat the disease in comparison to those who are reluctant to exercise. Let us dig deeper into this research and understand what sort of exercises can help you achieve this kind of physical vigor.
What is aerobic exercise?
Aerobic exercise is a type of physical activity in which the reach of oxygen to the muscles is increased. As a result, the muscles start burning fat at a faster rate. During aerobic exercise, as the heart rate is also elevated, the chances of embolism or fat deposition in the coronary artery are tremendously reduced thus improving cardiac health.
Aerobic exercise
How much exercise should I do per week?
Several studies as well as the guidelines published by the Department of Health and Human Services have suggested that a minimum of 150 minutes of aerobic exercise done on a weekly basis is enough to achieve the vitality and core strength needed to improve your mood as well as your overall health. These 150 minutes must include moderate-intensity workouts as doing extremely high-intensity exercises can potentially harm the body instead of benefiting it. Similar is the case with extremely low-intensity work outs or doing nothing at all.
Reduction in health-related problems
People who are known to perform at least 150 minutes of weekly exercise have a 21% lesser chance of acquiring flu and pneumonia as compared to non-exercisers. Interestingly, this percentage further rose when the duration of exercise was increased i.e. 50% lesser risk of getting infected with flu or pneumonia in people whose duration of weekly activity falls between 301 to 600 minutes. This is a clear indication of the presence of direct proportionality between the two factors.
However, when the duration of exercise was further increased i.e. more than 600 minutes per week, the health benefits did not elevate any further suggesting that the optimal duration of weekly exercise is indeed up to 600 minutes.
Reduction in disease-related mortality rate
As the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has estimated, influenza and pneumonia have collectively taken nearly 50,000 lives in the US alone during the current year. This means that nearly 13% of people are dying in a population of 100,000. Moreover, the annual burden of flu and pneumonia between the years 2010 and 2020 in the US has been illustrated in the following chart:
The study in discussion has also enlisted that this mortality rate is also negatively impacted by the habit of ample weekly exercise i.e. a 36% reduction has been observed in mortality risk associated with flu and pneumonia in regular exercisers. The reason behind this reduction can be associated with the improvement of the overall health state of a person, strengthened immunity, and elevated energy levels needed to fight disease.
Which exercises are best for me?
When it comes to aerobic exercises, there is a wide range you can choose from. These include:
Swimming
Running
Jogging
Outdoor cycling
Brisk walking
Jumping rope
Dancing
Skiing
Cardio kickboxing
Using an elliptical trainer
Are there any side effects of aerobic exercise?
If it is your first time with aerobic exercise, you are likely to experience some of the following side effects:
Excessive sweating
Muscle fatigue and pain
Sore muscles
Back pain
Pain in the upper middle back
Fortunately, it is easy to manage these side effects with easy steps:
Take a cold shower to reduce the soreness and manage the pain
Use an over-the-counter painkiller to relieve muscle pain
Drink a lot of water and fluids to manage dehydration
Approach aerobic exercise safely
To decrease your risk of any side effects after aerobic respiration, it is advised to adopt the following guidelines:
You should dress appropriately before starting to exercise. Wearing light-weight, breezy clothes can help with the sweating.
Use proper shoes to avoid injury. Replace your shoes once the need arises.
Do warm-ups before diving into the high-intensity workout. You can also do some stretches to help release muscle tension.
Stay hydrated. It helps manage the loss of water which happens due to sweating.
Take your time while approaching exercise. If you don't feel something is right for you, stay behind and look for another aerobic option that you can do easily.
Conclusion
Exercising regularly provides the individual with a lot of benefits including elevated mood, enhanced physical strength, improved overall health, and boosted immunity. Recent studies have shown that people who exercise regularly are less to get infected by flu or pneumonia. Additionally, the mortality rate in such individuals owing to these disease states is also significantly reduced. Hence, in a long list of benefits that can be achieved by exercising regularly, this new addition is a prominent | eng | f7943ef9-78c0-4a1a-b9e8-5b2a5f3b58a4 | https://hs770.com/weekly-exercise-may-help-reduce-flu-pneumonia-deaths/ |
Think About the Size and Layout of Your Space
The size and layout of your restaurant space are fundamental considerations when selecting the right tables and chairs. These factors have a direct impact on the comfort and efficiency of your dining establishment.
Primarily, you need to assess the available space and consider how many customers you want to accommodate. Striking the right balance is crucial. You want to provide enough seating for your patrons without overcrowding the area.
Furthermore, the layout of your restaurant is equally important. A well-designed layout ensures that there is ample room for customers to move around comfortably. Adequate spacing between tables and chairs is essential for diners' comfort and plays a significant role in adhering to health and safety regulations.
According to Forbes, it's important to adjust your seating based on demand. Reduced seating may be necessary if fewer people are using the dining room. This will allow you to focus on maintaining a comfortable and safe dining experience while ensuring profitability.
A rule of thumb is to allocate around 60% of the restaurant's square footage to dining space, with the remaining 40% designated to other areas. This balance between seating and functional space is critical in optimizing both customer satisfaction and operational efficiency.
Choose Durable and Easy-To-Clean Furniture
The furniture in a restaurant faces constant wear and tear due to heavy customer use. It must endure the daily challenges of spills, stains, and frequent cleaning. Opting for high-quality, robust materials such as hardwood, metal, or certain types of plastic ensures longevity and resistance to damage.
Equally crucial is the ease of cleaning. Restaurants are prone to spills and messes, making it imperative to choose furniture that can be effortlessly wiped down and sanitized. Chairs with smooth surfaces and tables with sealed finishes are practical choices, as they facilitate quick cleaning, allowing staff to maintain a hygienic environment.
Moreover, investing in furniture designed with stain-resistant or waterproof materials adds an extra layer of protection, reducing the likelihood of permanent damage.
The Style of Your Tables and Chairs
While durability, cleanliness, and comfort are essential, the aesthetics of your furniture should not be overlooked. Your furniture should be in sync with the atmosphere of your restaurant, as it significantly influences the first impression your establishment makes on customers.
For a memorable impact, consider the design of your chairs. High-backed chairs can provide a sense of grandeur, which might be suitable for fine-dining establishments or venues with higher ceilings.
On the other hand, if your restaurant has lower ceilings or you prefer a more understated look. Chairs with backs that are closer in height to the tables can create a cozier atmosphere in such areas.
Bistro chairs are a popular choice in many restaurants. These chairs often feature intricate designs, elegant curves, and decorative patterns, adding a touch of sophistication to any setting.
Tables&Tops notes that bistro chairs come in various materials, such as metal, wood, or even rattan. Their charm lies in their ability to effortlessly blend with diverse decor styles.
For instance, if your restaurant exudes a casual and rustic vibe, wooden bistro chairs can add a warm, welcoming touch. On the other hand, metal bistro chairs can bring a more contemporary and industrial flair to the space. Their versatility makes them a fantastic choice for a range of restaurant themes and concepts.
Consider the Comfort of Your Guests
Customers should feel at ease throughout their meal, encouraging them to linger, enjoy their dining experience, and potentially return. To achieve this, it's essential to consider the appropriate spacing and dimensions based on the type of dining establishment you run.
Final Thoughts
Choosing the right tables and chairs for your restaurant involves a thoughtful balance between functionality, aesthetics, and customer comfort.
By carefully considering these aspects, you can curate a space that attracts patrons and keeps them coming back, building a loyal customer base. The right choice of furniture is an investment that contributes significantly to its ambiance, customer satisfaction, and overall appeal.
Restaurant Web Experts gives you the ability to discover great places to eat at near your location. Read restaurant reviews and find restaurant menus of tasty food. View photos and ratings of open restaurants around you. | eng | fe1f3c43-c3e7-4bbe-af8b-4e4db2d1073c | https://restaurantwebexperts.com/choosing-the-right-table-chairs-for-your-restaurant/ |
Katarina Barruk
Concert
Katarina Barruk is one of Sápmi's most popular vocalists, known for her atmospheric pop music that combines yoik and Ume Sami lyrics. Barruk's voice is clear, and the artist has a presence on stage that shines with authority and vulnerability at the same time. She sings in her mother tongue Umesámi, which is on UNESCO's red list of endangered languages. Barruk's music is a mixture of pop, traditional joik and improvised elements. | eng | d25a1622-3ba1-4e1e-b125-7eef0371e32d | https://riddu.no/en/program/katarina-barruk-0 |
Gauge Block
Gauge blocks (also known as gage blocks, Johansson gauges, slip gauges, or Jo blocks) are a system for producing precision lengths. The individual gauge block is a metal or ceramic block that has been precision ground and lapped to a specific thickness. Gauge blocks come in sets of blocks with a range of standard lengths. In use, the blocks are stacked to make up a desired length (or height).
An important feature of gauge blocks is that they can be joined together with very little dimensional uncertainty. The blocks are joined by a sliding process called ''wringing'', which causes their ultra-flat surfaces to cling together. A small number of gauge blocks can be used to create accurate lengths within a wide range. By using three blocks at a time taken from a set of 30 blocks, one may create any of the 1000 lengths from 3.000 to 3.999 mm in 0.001 mm steps (or .3000 to .3999 inches in 0.0001 inch steps). Gauge blocks were invented in 1896 by Swedish machinistPetroleum Jelly.
After petroleum jelly became a medicine-chest staple, consumers began to use it for cosmetic purposes and for many ailments including toenail fungus, genital rashes (non- STD), nosebleeds, diaper rash, and common colds. Its folkloric medicinal value as a " cure-all" has since been limited by better scientific understanding of appropriate and inappropriate uses. It is recognized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as an approved over-the-counter (OTC) skin protectant and remains widely used in cosmetic skin care, where it is often loosely referred to as mineral oil.
History
Marco Polo in 1273 described the oil exportationCruciform
Cruciform is a term for physical manifestations resembling a common cross or Christian cross. The label can be extended to architectural shapes, biology, art, and design.
Cruciform architectural plan
Christian churches are commonly described as having a cruciform architecture. In Early Christian, Byzantine and other Eastern Orthodox forms of church architecture this is likely to mean a tetraconch plan, a Greek cross, with arms of equal length or, later, a cross-in-square plan.
In the Western churches, a cruciform architecture usually, though not exclusively, means a church built with the layout developed in Gothic architecture. This layout comprises the following:
*An east end, containing an altar and often with an elaborate, decorated window, through which light will shine in the early part of the day.
*A west end, which sometimes contains a baptismal font, being a large decorated bowl, in which water can be firstly, blessed (dedicated to the use and purposes of God)Accessories
Accessory may refer to:
* Accessory (legal term), a person who assists a criminal
In anatomy
* Accessory bone
* Accessory muscle
* Accessory nucleus, in anatomy, a cranial nerve nucleus
* Accessory nerve
In arts and entertainment
* Accessory (band), with members Dirk Steyer and Ivo Lottig
* Video game accessory, a piece of hardware used in conjunction with a video game console for playing video games
* ''Accessories'' (album), a compilation album from Dutch alternative rock band The Gathering
* Accessory, a type of rulebook in ''Dungeons & Dragons'' and other role-playing games
Other uses
* Fashion accessory, an item used to complement a fashion or style
* Accessory suite, a secondary dwelling on a parcel of land
* Rental accessories and attachments, accessories used in the rental industry
* Cable accessories for connecting and terminating cables
* Accessory fruit
An accessory fruit is a fruit in which some of the flesh is derived not from the floral ovary butnetism
Magnetism is the class of physical attributes that are mediated by a magnetic field, which refers to the capacity to induce attractive and repulsive phenomena in other entities. Electric currents and the magnetic moments of elementary particles give rise to a magnetic field, which acts on other currents and magnetic moments. Magnetism is one aspect of the combined phenomena of electromagnetism. The most familiar effects occur in ferromagnetic materials, which are strongly attracted by magnetic fields and can be magnetized to become permanent magnets, producing magnetic fields themselves. Demagnetizing a magnet is also possible. Only a few substances are ferromagnetic; the most common ones are iron, cobalt, and nickel and their alloys. The rare-earth metals neodymium and samarium are less common examples. The prefix ' refers to iron because permanent magnetism was first observed in lodestone, a form of natural iron ore called magnetite, Fe3O4.
All substances exhibit Attraction
An intermolecular force (IMF) (or secondary force) is the force that mediates interaction between molecules, including the electromagnetic forces of attraction
or repulsion which act between atoms and other types of neighbouring particles, e.g. atoms or ions. Intermolecular forces are weak relative to intramolecular forces – the forces which hold a molecule together. For example, the covalent bond, involving sharing electron pairs between atoms, is much stronger than the forces present between neighboring molecules. Both sets of forces are essential parts of force fields frequently used in molecular mechanics.
The investigation of intermolecular forces starts from macroscopic observations which indicate the existence and action of forces at a molecular level. These observations include non-ideal-gas thermodynamic behavior reflected by virial coefficients, vapor pressure, viscosity, superficial tension, and absorption data.
The first reference to the nature of microscopic Vapor
(99.9839 °C)
, -
, Boiling point
,
, -
, specific gas constant
, 461.5 J/( kg·K)
, -
, Heat of vaporization
, 2.27 MJ/kg
, -
, Heat capacity
, 1.864 kJ/(kg·K)
Water vapor, water vapour or aqueous vapor is the gaseous phase of water. It is one state of water within the hydrosphere. Water vapor can be produced from the evaporation or boiling of liquid water or from the sublimation of ice. Water vapor is transparent, like most constituents of the atmosphere. Under typical atmospheric conditions, water vapor is continuously generated by evaporation and removed by condensation. It is less dense than most of the other constituents of air and triggers convection currents that can lead to clouds.
Being a component of Earth's hydrosphere and hydrologic cycle, it is particularly abundant in Earth's atmosphere, where it acts as a greenhouse gas and warming feedback, contributing more to total greenhouse effect than non-condensable gases such as carbon dioxideface Tension
Surface tension is the tendency of liquid surfaces at rest to shrink into the minimum surface area possible. Surface tension is what allows objects with a higher density than water such as razor blades and insects (e.g. water striders) to float on a water surface without becoming even partly submerged.
At liquid–air interfaces, surface tension results from the greater attraction of liquid molecules to each other (due to cohesion) than to the molecules in the air (due to adhesion).
There are two primary mechanisms in play. One is an inward force on the surface molecules causing the liquid to contract. Second is a tangential force parallel to the surface of the liquid. This ''tangential'' force is generally referred to as the surface tension. The net effect is the liquid behaves as if its surface were covered with a stretched elastic membrane. But this analogy must not be taken too far as the tension in an elastic membrane is dependent on the amount of deformation Yacuum
A vacuum is a space devoid of matter. The word is derived from the Latin adjective ''vacuus'' for "vacant" or " void". An approximation to such vacuum is a region with a gaseous pressure much less than atmospheric pressure. Physicists often discuss ideal test results that would occur in a ''perfect'' considerably lower than atmospheric pressure. The Latin term ''in vacuo'' is used to describe an object that is surrounded by a vacuum.
The ''quality'' of a partial vacuum refers to how closely it approaches a perfect vacuum. Other things equal, lower gas pressure means higher-quality vacuum. For example, a typical vacuum cleaner produces enough suction to reduce air pressure by around 20%. But hig | eng | c8801c8b-054d-4afd-845a-b434c2264878 | http://theinfolist.com/html/ALL/l/Gauge_block.html |
Fingerprint
Dive into the research topics of 'Selective Targeting of Protein Kinase C (PKC)-θ Nuclear Translocation Reduces Mesenchymal Gene Signatures and Reinvigorates Dysfunctional CD8+ T Cells in Immunotherapy-Resistant and Metastatic Cancers'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. | eng | 30463306-52ea-4038-83ef-9b9ec2aca005 | https://researchprofiles.canberra.edu.au/en/publications/selective-targeting-of-protein-kinase-c-pkc-%CE%B8-nuclear-translocati/fingerprints/ |
Yet it's one thing to notice and appreciate this newfound acceptance and another to acknowledge to someone else that you're experiencing a mental health condition or illness. People typically avoid disclosing that information for several reasons, including internalized stigma and shame, fear of rejection, worry about discrimination at work, and uncertainty about whether they need treatment.
Indeed, mental health experts say it's critical for people to weigh their concerns and disclose their experiences with others if and when it feels necessary and right.
"It's really on a need-to-know basis," says Quinn Anderson, manager for the HelpLine(opens in a new tab) operated by for the National Alliance on Mental Illness(opens in a new tab) (NAMI). Run by staff and volunteers, the HelpLine is designed to answer callers' questions about symptoms of mental health conditions, how to help family members get treatment, where to find local support groups and services, and more.
If you've decided it's important to tell someone about your mental health, try following these tips so that you're prepared to have the conversation — and have a plan for handling what may come next:
1. Weigh the pros and cons.
Patrick Corrigan, a distinguished professor of psychology at the Illinois Institute of Technology, helped develop a program called Honest, Open, Proud(opens in a new tab) that provides guidance for those who want to disclose a mental health condition. The first step in this process is considering the potential risks and benefits.
In Corrigan's research on the positive aspects of "coming out," he's found that people who are fed up with having to keep a secret feel freer once they've shared what they're experiencing. But that sense of liberation may be elusive if the other person in the conversation responds with shame or judgment.
"Once you're out, it's not easy to go back in."
For those who take the risk of telling a supervisor, the pay-off can be certain workplace accommodations, which employers are required to offer per the Americans with Disabilities Act(opens in a new tab). An employee with a psychiatric disability may receive a flexible schedule, sick leave, and a tailored break schedule, in addition to accommodations like work space with reduced exposure to noise, various types of equipment and technology, and modified job duties. Even though employers are not permitted to discriminate against workers based on a psychiatric disability, an employee may worry that disclosing a condition puts their job prospects or security at risk.
"We do not have an agenda to talk people into coming out," says Corrigan, noting the potential downsides. "Once you're out, it's not easy to go back in."
2. Arm yourself with information about your experiences or condition.
When discussing a sensitive topic, you're likely to have done some research in advance in order to feel confident. Talking about your mental health is no different. If you've been diagnosed by a medical professional, or simply noticed worrisome symptoms that seem associated with a mental health condition, familiarize yourself with the relevant language that can help you communicate what you're experiencing to others.
Such education can inform your understanding of what you're going through — as can learning about others' experiences — and thereby reduce your own sense of shame or stigma.
3. Decide who needs to know and what you want from them.
If you're already seeing a mental health provider, that person may be able to help determine who — if anyone — you should tell. Anderson says a provider can help you develop a plan, and in some cases, offer to invite a loved one to a joint appointment so you'll have backup and the therapist can explain your treatment.
When deciding on your own whether to disclose, consider if it's important, or even critical, for certain people to know. While you might hope to explain recent behavior to a loved one, ask for support, or perhaps seek acceptance, telling someone who isn't capable of recognizing your needs and reacting with compassion or empathy could be devastating.
Anderson says it's also helpful to prepare responses if someone asks how they can help. Answering that question can be as simple as describing what it looks like when you're really struggling, along with guidance about how they can best support you.
The Honest, Open, Proud programs sometimes recommends(opens in a new tab) against telling people who are generally bigoted, people who use disrespectful language (think "crazies" or "wackos"), people who attribute social problems to mental illness, and people who oppose giving fair or new chances to those who've experienced a mental illness.
Before opening up about your mental health, be clear about why you've chosen to tell a certain person, what you hope to gain, and how you'll proceed if they can't emotionally handle the information.
4. Choose an ideal time to talk, and keep it simple.
Dawn Brown, director of community engagement for NAMI, recommends choosing a time where you're alone, relaxed, and have enough time to explore the subject.
"I wouldn't wait 'till you have a fight with your spouse to bring it up," she says.
Similarly, sticking to the basic facts of what you've experienced and why you're sharing that information can provide necessary guardrails for the conversation. If you feel ready to delve deeper, consider how that might affect the discussion if the person you're talking to isn't prepared to do the same.
5. Seek additional support and resources.
No matter how your conversation goes, it can be essential to seek additional support from groups and likeminded peers who will help you feel more empowered. Disclosing, whether to a medical professional or loved one, may be one step in a long recovery journey. NAMI provides resources like contact information for local support groups to those who call the HelpLine, and Honest, Open, Proud provides similar referrals at the program's end.
Feeling connected to the right support can be particularly important for people who can't find culturally competent mental health providers, or those whose family members and friends have vastly different views of mental health as a result of cultural attitudes or beliefs.
Anderson says it's important to stay hopeful and remember that help is out there.
"There will be individuals who don't get it, who will always have a discriminatory perspective, and individuals who don't know but want to help, and then those who really get it," she says | eng | 13fead95-8a34-4f42-a3b9-596d25f25d4d | https://mashable.com/article/afraid-to-talk-about-mental-health |
Understanding Why Baby Teeth Are Important
Baby (primary) teeth are a child's first set of teeth. A baby's teeth start to come in at 6 to 10 months, and by the time a child is 2½ to 3 years old, all 20 baby teeth will have come into the mouth. Taking care of a child's baby teeth is important for the child's overall health and development.
Baby teeth are important for children to:
Chew and eat foods. Children need to eat healthy foods every day to grow and be strong. Children with tooth decay are less likely to eat crunchy foods, such as fresh fruits and vegetables. Being able to eat these foods promotes good nutrition and a healthy weight.
Speak clearly. Children who lose baby teeth too early may have trouble making certain sounds. This can make it hard to understand the child. A child may need speech therapy to improve speech problems that may develop because of missing teeth.
Keep space for adult teeth. Baby teeth hold space for adult teeth growing in the jaw. If a baby tooth is lost too early, other teeth that are already in the mouth will move into the space. It can block out the adult tooth trying to come in and cause crowding. The upper and lower jaws may not meet properly because of the crooked teeth.
Stay healthy. Tooth decay in baby teeth can lead to infections that can cause fever and pain. If not treated, the infection from tooth decay can spread to other parts of the head and neck and lead to severe swelling.
Have self-confidence. Children with decayed front teeth tend to not smile or may cover their mouth when talking. Sometimes they stop playing with other children. A healthy smile helps give children the self-confidence needed to have good social experiences. | eng | 5fc6986b-8737-4e7e-afeb-394727b6f3f5 | https://eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/publication/understanding-why-baby-teeth-are-important |
Food Processing in South Africa
A modern society, living in a city, relies more and more on the convenience of processed food. Living far from farms and having to commute to work leaves little time to cook at home and even less time to grow our own food.
Processing food saves time, is a convenient way to add nutrients to a diet and helps farmers to not only to diversify their product offering but also to utilise excess produce and extend shelflife and availability far beyond the growing season.
The processing of raw ingredients such as fruit and vegetables includes drying, freezing, juicing, fermenting and further processing into preserves, pickles and value-added products.
Similarly, raw materials like meat, milk and grains are further processed and preserved. This range of articles, however, will explain basic processing techniques of fruit and vegetables. | eng | 504d9d28-dfba-41cb-a68a-b32cf9d444b9 | https://southafrica.co.za/food-processing-south-africa.html |
Tobias: If there's any justice in the world that he gets to turn up for one more DJ next year too?
Jake: Yeah, we need at least a hundred, right? That would be legit.
Tobias: What is the oldest director? Does anybody know the statistics on that, the oldest director who's ever sat on a public company board?
Jake: Yeah. Where's non-GAAP Mike. He's probably got that off the top of his head.
Tobias: Got to be the oldest vice chairman. Got to be the oldest in that kind of role.
Jake: Yeah, I'm trying to think– Well, who's the oldest CEO of any company? Is Buffett got to be it at 92?
Tobias: Could be closing in.
Jake: It's got to be in the ballpark, if not already the winner.
Tobias: We got some of the media asset– I'm just blanking– [crosstalk]
Jake: Oh, yeah, Sumner Redstone.
Tobias: Yes. Sumner stuck around too [unintelligible 00:02:23].
Jake: Yeah.
Tobias: He was at least in his 90s.
Jake: More like a crypt keeper.
Tobias: NewsCorp. Murdoch is still going.
Jake: Yeah, I [crosstalk] saw him– [crosstalk]
Bill: He was hanging with Elon.
Jake: Yeah. [crosstalk]
Bill: Gents, I got to take a pause on this for, like, 15 minutes. I'll be back. Sorry.
Jake: [laughs]
Tobias: All right.
Jake: All right, Bill. Yeah. So, Elon hanging out with– Is Twitter going to be bought by Fox? Who knows? [laughs]
Tobias: I've already seen that season of-
Jake: Succession.
Tobias: -of Succession.
Tobias and Jake: Yeah.
Tobias: Does he do the deal? Nah, there's no way he does that deal. Maybe he buys it. I don't know. Maybe he invests in it. That's not crazy. NewsCorp has spent big money on assets in the past. I think they bought Myspace, didn't they?
Jake: Mm. I think you're right.
Tobias: I'm pretty sure they bought Myspace and then they turned around– It was a pretty clever deal, because everybody said they massively overpaid. But I think these numbers are wrong. But this is roughly what happened that they spent, I think, say, $700 million on Myspace, which everybody was like, "That's a crazy amount of money." And then they turned around and they sold advertising space. They sold all of the advertising for a period of time to Google for, like, $2 billion. Well, everybody know now that actually was a pretty good deal.
Jake: [laughs]
Tobias: Something like that. I think those numbers are wrong, but that was a pretty good deal. That's a little while ago there.
Jake: Directionally correct.
Tobias: Yeah, something like that.
Jake: Cool.
Tobias: What do you get on deck today, JT? [crosstalk]
Jake: The show must go on. I have a piece prepared on Parkinson's law, but maybe before that, I'll give some highlights from my trip to New York City last year. That might be worth– [crosstalk]
Tobias: Oh, yeah, sounds good. Let's do that.
Jake: We could fill some time with that.
Tobias: You want to do that now?
Jake: Yeah.
Tobias: I've got some– [crosstalk]
Jake: What do you got? Value spread or inversion or– what do you got? [laughs]
Tobias: Now, I'm going to say this because I love the fact that every time I talk about the value spread, It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia doing the splits, "I can go lower," always shows up underneath the tweet.
Jake: Oh, yeah. [laughs]
Tobias: I'm doing it for that reason.
Jake: Okay.
Tobias: "Any prognostications on the animal entrails?" Yeah, you guys know I like all of those little–
Jake: The augur. They used to call that.
Tobias: The auguries. Yeah.
Jake: Yeah.
Tobias: Yeah. I favor the shoulder bone in the fire. Look at the way that it cracks. That's how you determine the future. That's what I found to be the most effective in back test.
Jake: Okay, that makes sense.
Tobias: Entrails. Not so much lower R squared on the entrails.
Jake: [laughs]
Tobias: Yeah. Value gap is wide. Closed a little bit. This is the common stock guys quoting. I think this looks like a Ned Davis chart. It's closed a little bit, but it's still got a long way to go. But Parrot Cap has an interesting one on top– This is not a metric that I've heard of before, but I think it doesn't really matter. The intuition is pretty right. "Percent of the top five S&P 500 stocks, aggregate market cap needed to buy out the average Russell 2000 stock."
Jake: Ah, interesting. Never heard that one before.
Tobias: No. I guess that's a spread between large and small, wider than it's ever been before or 30 years of data. Anyway.
Jake: Hmm. Interesting.
Tobias: You got to think that aug as well– No pun intended.
Jake: I see what you did there.
[laughter]
Tobias: Or small in value at some point then. I feel like we've been saying that since this podcast started. So, don't hold your breath.
Jake: Yeah, exactly. None of these are timing tools.
Tobias: That's right. Not a timing tool.
—
60:40 Going Forward 2.5%
Jake: So, just to give you some confirmation bias, I attended the Columbia event on Friday of last week, and Cliff Asness was one of the speakers there, and it was great. He was his usual irreverent Cliff-self, really funny. But he said that– Well, first of all, AQR's 60:40 looking forward estimates for the next, I think, ten years, he said. Hope you're sitting down.
Tobias: [laughs] [crosstalk]
Jake: 2.5% real, which is, I don't know exactly what pension funds and insurance companies have plugged into their forward-looking assumptions on their return on stocks and bonds, but I'm guessing it's probably north of 2.5%. So, anyway, they're not particularly bullish there. [crosstalk]
Tobias: They've got access to private equity. All that private equity is going to make up the difference.
Jake: Oh, there you go. Yeah, that's going to be it. [laughs] He actually had a pretty good comment on private equity that I thought was smart. Cliff said that illiquidity that it used to be considered a bug, right? And typically, bugs within systems in an efficient market approach, which he came from Chicago– the University of Chicago, I should say, you got paid for that type of for tolerating a bug.
Tobias: Yeah.
Jake: But now that it's considered kind of a feature that you can insulate yourself if you're an allocator from that career risk, usually, you have to pay for features. You don't get paid for features. So, I like that framing. I think it's actually a very clever way of thinking about it.
Tobias: Yeah, that says there's a problem with it. I think Munger talked about it a little while ago. I thought Munger was the first one that I knew I had talked about it, where he said that the fact that mark to myth, that's the feature that they don't have big drawdowns because they don't mark them.
—
Value 92nd Percentile Cheap
Jake: Yeah. So, Asness, the other thing for you, Toby, the value of value, their AQR's current dataset, which is a blend of a bunch of different value ratio metrics, different places to measure is at 92 percentile right now, which matches up with Greenblatt's, his value of value or how cheap is the value right now. So, maybe another datapoint that says the same thing that value is relatively cheap right now.
Tobias: Yeah, I think that's right. I think that rhymes at least with every other value metric out there.
Jake: Yeah, I think so.
—
When Quants Meet Qualitative
Tobias: How did Asness get invited to Columbia? That was crossing of the streams, with the efficient market guys in there.
Jake: Well, I don't think he's an efficient market guy, actually. His talk was good. The whole point of his talk was actually how quant and qualitative investors, active investors as he would say, they often end up in the same place but just taking very different routes. So, kind of end up holding the same names, discount to some valuation and the quant guys using one measurement and the qualitative guys finding other ways of measuring and comparing intrinsic value and price, and oftentimes, they end up in the same place. So, maybe it's not as dissimilar as we might like to believe. Although he did say that he doesn't think that those two should be crossed together in the investment process.
Tobias: He doesn't like quantumental, does he?
Jake: He doesn't like quantumental. But he thinks it makes sense though to have some diversification from a portfolio level of quant and qualitative arriving at different places. But to mix them together, you end up with something Frankenstein, that's not as good.
Tobias: It has momentum-like features, but it's not necessarily momentum.
Bill: Yeah, I don't know.
Tobias: It's not something– [crosstalk]
Jake: You load up more on what's been working. So, in that way, it's–
Tobias: You just load up more on what's biggest, right? You're taking the size side of– the size, whatever that is, large minus small.
—
Jake: All right, let me hit some more highlights from the New York trip. Had a great long lunch with the main man, Dan McMurtrie. Shoutout to SuperMugatu. What a really smart and creative and funny guy he is. I find myself really rooting for him.
Tobias: Yeah, Dan's awesome.
—
Interest Rates Are The Inverse Of A Curfew
Jake: Have [crosstalk] with him. He's really smart and I'd like to see him be successful. Let's see, what else? I was going to share Tom Gayner gave a talk and had a pretty good analogy that I hadn't heard before. Maybe you guys have. But he said that interest rates, whatever they're set at, is a lot like the inverse of a curfew. So, rates are really high. He made the analogy, when him and his wife bought their first house in the early 80s, he had a 15% interest rate and he said once you made your payments, there wasn't a whole lot of money left over really to do anything.
Tobias: [laughs]
Jake: He said those high rates are like a 06:00 PM curfew. It's really hard to get into trouble when you work and then you get off and you have to be in the house by 06:00 PM. You just go home and go to bed, basically.
Tobias: [laughs]
Jake: Whereas really low rates, he said it's an equivalent of like a 02:00 AM curfew for a 16-year-old boy and you're giving him alcohol and a fast car and putting attractive girls in that car. Of course, he's going to end up–
Tobias: [laughs]
Jake: It's a recipe for mistakes. There's going to be some problems that happen with that. I hadn't heard that one before. I thought it was a nice framing of it.
Tobias: Yeah, it's a good analogy. Nothing good happens after midnight. I conducted an extensive survey over decades. I think I can confirm that's the case.
Jake: [laughs] Rigorous.
Tobias: Very rigorous.
—
Jake: [laughs] Let's see, what else? Finally got to meet Jason Zweig in person. What a sweetheart, awesome guy, really friendly. Also got to catch up with Michael Mauboussin again, which is always another amazing person. Just a genuinely nice guy like way– His ego to horsepower ratio is very favorable. And the last one was– I was really impressed, actually with Lauren Taylor Wolfe, who is Josh Wolfe's wife. Not that it matters who your spouse is, but on her own, she's a PM of Impactive Capital.
I was under the wrong impression that their strategy was kind of like inclusiveness and that kind of thing, but actually, I don't think that's true at all. I thought it was like some version of ESG, but it's not. She does real work with her companies. She knows business and value and knows exactly what the drivers of value for her companies are. It was very legit. I was very impressed with her. So, add another person to follow on your list of– It's nice to see– We kind of joke that there's only guys watching the show, which is probably statistically mostly true, but [Tobias laughs] it's nice to see that the fairer sex-
Tobias: On average.
Jake: -also being well represented.
Tobias: Yeah, that was good. Sounds like a good trip.
Jake: It was a good trip.
Tobias: Were you speaking in Columbia, or you were attending?
Jake: I was just attending and catching up. A little ulterior motive is I would really love to see Journalytic in Columbia at some point just because I think it would be so awesome to– Studied Graham and Dodd and Buffett, and the lineage coming from that school and to contribute something to that, even in my own little minor way, I think, would just be very satisfying for me personally.
Tobias: Yeah, very cool.
Jake: Yeah. I know that there are professors there who the main work product for the students is producing an investment journal for the professors to read and give feedback on. So, it's like, "Well, duh. why wouldn't we be in there?"
Tobias: Perfect match.
Jake: Yeah, exactly.
Tobias: Do you have any more from the trip or should I?
Jake: Everyone's probably bored already with regaling these stories. Let's move on to the next thing.
Bill: No, this is good.
Jake: [laughs]
Tobias: Especially since I'm going to have to take another break.
Jake: [laughs]
Bill: We need you to fill air.
Jake: Stretch it out.
Bill: Yeah.
Bill: Yeah. Did you see William Green at all?
Jake: No. [crosstalk]
Bill: Did you already say that?
Jake: No. He was still in Europe. He was visiting. I talked to him, but he was out of town when I was there.
Bill: Being all cultured and stuff.
Jake: Yeah. Well, I think he was visiting his mum in– [crosstalk]
Bill: Ah, she seems like a lovely lady.
Jake: She's got to be, right?
Bill: Yeah.
Jake: To Make a kid like that.
Jake: Yeah.
—
Fear & Greed: 12 Month High Greedy
Tobias: Let's do a segue into something that's more serious, less serious, I don't know which one.
Jake: Whatever.
Tobias: Fear & Greed Index.
Jake: All right. Where are we at?
Bill: Definitely more serious.
Tobias: Haven't been checking it for a little while, but I just started feeling good. So, I thought about a week ago, I should check in and see where it is.
Jake: Where's it at.
Tobias: Yeah. It's as greedy as it has been in the last 12 months. It's funny.
Jake: Oof.
Tobias: It picked the top again. It got into extreme greed. It just nipped into that part that is the selling zone, top 20%, and it seems to coincide with the weakness that we've seen in the market over the last couple of weeks.
Jake: Undefeated, huh? [laughs]
Tobias: It's a remarkably good indicator for how dumb that little indicator is.
Jake: Yeah.
Tobias: It would have had you buying in October.
Jake: If you were a day trader, is that how you would do it? Would you use that for– if you just had to be like in and out and–?
Tobias: I think I would know what to do on a day trading basis. But in a shorter-term, I think, yeah. I think you could use it– If you're an option straighter or something like that, yeah. Where you're looking at like a quarter or two, yeah, I would certainly use it. It got fearful in April at the low and it got fearful in October at the low, and now it's extreme fear in both of those two instances and it's back to extreme greed now. It's come off extreme greed a little bit, which just coincided perfectly with the local high here.
Bill: The guy that owns puts though wants me to say it's a melt-up. He's very excited right now.
Jake: [laughs] He's loving it.
Bill: Yeah. [crosstalk] I just tell him he never should have bought the puts. You're just donating money to options market makers, but do your thing, man.
Jake: He wants to hear that you're bowled up like crazy right now since you're his contra.
—
This Reminds Us Of The 1920's
Jake: Yeah. Well, Jamie Catherwood says that this reminds him of the 1920s and that we're in the lull before the Roaring 20s. He said that's the parallel on his most recent Investor's Podcast. So, there you go. I'll roll with– [crosstalk]
Bill: I dispose of things immediately. I think what it was is we had inflation, then maybe we had some deflation. Listen to him on The Investor's Podcast. And then, we had the Roaring 20s. So, there you go. I don't know, we had a decade of subpar growth. It wouldn't be totally shocking if somehow, we're on the verge of some industrial revolution. Also, maybe we're just about to crash and it's going to be famine. Who knows?
Jake: Interesting because that doesn't fit with my understanding of what the 1920s looked like before and then leading into them.
Bill: Yeah.
Tobias: What's your impression?
Jake: Well, you had a forgotten depression in 1920 and 1921, where Fed basically just got the hell out of the way, let prices reset, and it was a complete deflationary event, like a real deflationary event that wages, everything reset to a much lower level and then grew from there. I don't think we've tried since basically in 100 years. Not the full– [crosstalk]
Bill: Nor should we. That sounds awful.
Jake: Well, I don't know. Take your– [crosstalk]
Bill: I do know. Kick that can down as far as you can. Make sure it's three generations away before it comes.
Jake: Well, yeah, that's good in theory until it's your generation that finally has to deal with all the problems that all the ones before you have been kicking down the road.
Bill: Yeah, well, it's working so far.
Jake: [laughs] That's what the turkey thought early in November also.
[laughter]
Bill: That's true. That is not untrue.
Tobias: Yeah.
Jake: Well, in any event, great book on that, by the way by Jim Grant, if you want to read to really get into the historic nitty-gritty of it.
Tobias: The Forgotten Depression?
Jake: Yeah.
Tobias: That's the title?
Jake: Yes.
Tobias: Yeah, I think that we're more likely to be in a little bear market rally here. But then, I think that's consensus, I would say. I think everybody feels very bearish.
Jake: I thought you just told me the greed was up at the-
Tobias: Well, that's a good point.
Jake: -80th percentile.
Tobias: That's a good point.
Jake: Boing.
Tobias: It's very hard to tell, because it's hard to know to what extent the Twitter stream or whatever the people who I talk to are representative of the main field. I did get the feeling through most of the bubble run through 2020, 2021, or whatever that period was, 2019 and 2020, I got the feeling through most of that bubble run that Twitter became very much the crowd through there.
Jake: They became as smart– [crosstalk]
Tobias: Yeah, I think so. Maybe Twitter's not the crowd at the moment, but– [crosstalk]
Bill: All right.
Jake: You see retail– [crosstalk]
Bill: Thankfully, I save things, because I know my mind is not a trap door, thanks to partying.
Tobias: [unintelligible 00:21:18] trap.
Jake: Yeah.
Bill: Yeah, that's right. It is a trap door.
Jake: It is a trap door.
Bill: I'm a mess today. Anyway, [Jake laughs] I think he said I would say that the period I'm finding most interesting in terms of parallel today would be the 20s, which I'm sure most people know by now, but I found really interesting since honestly COVID started, the similarities and progression in timeline between the late 2019s and 2020s with today, because while we obviously, at least, knock on wood, didn't have or don't have a world war today. It looks like that got avoided with Russia-Ukraine, yada yada, yada.
But a hundred years ago, you had a pandemic with the Spanish flu. After that, you had a wave of summer protests around race called the Red Summer of 1919, which was similar to George Floyd's and Black Lives Matter summer protests and demonstrations. Then, you had a reopening, where things really got speculative and surging to make up for pent demand that had existed while were all locked down, which also occurred coming out of World War I and the Spanish flu a hundred years ago.
Then in 1920 and 1921, you had this really sharp and severe recession, which was very short. But again, it was a problem of, in that case, rampant inflation very quickly turning into rampant deflation and it's an interesting period. But then after that is when you got the Roaring 20s, but people like to skip over the part when they talk about the Roaring 20s, yada, yada, yada.
Tobias: Which part of the– [crosstalk]
Bill: The story sees the parallels today.
Tobias: What are they skipping–?
Jake: We're going to skip over that.
Bill: No, you need to listen to, because you know it came out of the pandemic, then we had a recession, then we had the Roaring 20s. And so, today, obviously, the parallels are pretty obvious. We had the pandemic, we had the George Floyd summer, then we had the recession. And now, the question is, are we going to keep following roughly in line with the 20s, or that we would be experiencing, or on the precipice of experiencing a true Roaring 20s, or is it something different where the economy takes longer and rebuilds to truly get back to pre-COVID levels? Anyway, that was all AI generated.
Tobias: Was it really?
Bill: So, if some of it didn't make sense– Yeah, you can go to The Investors Podcast and listen to Jamie.
Bill: -and you can listen and then you just create Snips. So, this is like a three-minute Snip that I had and then– here, I'll do my tech. You got tech, I got tech. Look at all that.
[laughter]
Jake: Oh, my God.
Bill: So, you just request an AI transcript, and then you got all the words.
Tobias: It's very cool.
Bill: Yeah, it's pretty cool app.
Tobias: We're not sponsored by Snipd, by the way.
Jake: Yeah.
Bill: Not yet.
Tobias: Snipd, if you want to- [crosstalk]
Bill: They should.
Tobias: -give us– we reach dozens of people every week.
Bill: Yes.
Jake: Snipd. [laughs]
Bill: That's a different thing, sir.
Jake: Oh, okay. [laughs]
Bill: Yeah.
Tobias: I think the big difference though between– [crosstalk]
Jake: Now brought to you by the urology group.
Tobias: The 20s are now. The 20s started on a very low valuation base. After the recession, that was coming out of single digit Shiller PE, and now we're about as expensive as we've ever been before. They're only famous [crosstalk].
Bill: Pretty shitty businesses back then.
Jake: [laughs]
Tobias: Were they?
Bill: There was definitely more market fragmentation. I think, in general, you had more asset-heavy businesses. It was a lot more industrial-type stuff. I don't think you had hyperfinancialization of everything. You didn't have Burger King spin off the franchise or restaurants from the franchisor economics from the franchise, restaurants, and cram the shitty economics down and float the public entity that has pretty solid returns on capital and lever it three and a half times. No, you didn't have that stuff.
Jake: Well, you kind of did though. Utilities at that point were very hot and you had this– I think it was Sam [unintelligible [00:25:37], if I remember right, was leading these– They would pump the stock up for utility and then issue a bunch of shares. It was like the early playbook of a lot of the same things– [crosstalk]
Bill: Yeah, but that's securities fraud type stuff.
Jake: Well, it-
Tobias: Didn't rise to the level of fraud [crosstalk]
Jake: -came because everyone was so– They believed so much in the captured demand of a utility at that point. This was before we had a lot of regulation around it. So, same story about– [crosstalk] for Amazon–
—
The Years Of Silly Returns May Be Gone Folks!
Bill: I guess. You got Microsoft trading at 22 times, Google's trading at 18, Apple is trading at 22. These are not the craziest valuations in the world.
Tobias: True. But not obviously cheap either, to be fair.
Bill: Yeah, but why would they be? Why should the market give you an opportunity when everyone is watching it all the time and everybody's got a podcast and everybody's talking about how to freaking buy stocks? Why it should that market sell off?
Tobias: It shouldn't. But in order to generate those silly returns over a decade, you need to start from a very low starting point.
Bill: Yeah.
Tobias: That's the point I make.
Bill: The years of silly returns may be gone, folks.
Tobias: Uh, I don't know.
Bill: I don't know.
Tobias: You can take the famous quote about, "We've reached a permanently high plateau." This is the absence of humility that we see every single time that we always think we've conquered the business cycle.
Jake: Cycle. Yeah.
Bill: Yeah. I don't think it's a business cycle. Sure, the business cycle will come. If you're smart enough, like my put guy, sell out. Play the cycle. See how that works. I hope you are one of the five people, I think, on earth that can actually do that well.
Tobias: Sell vol for the bull.
Bill: It's not something I'm ever going to be very good at, so I just don't care. It's fun fodder.
Jake: I agree.
Bill: But by the time the headlines come out about the cycle, the market is already going to be gone. Now, unless we have some deflationary crash, which some permabears are going to jerk off too and tell you it's always coming, and they've been saying it for the last eight years. Someday, they'll finally be right.
—
You Have To Endure 50% Drawdowns
Tobias: But didn't you just say that wasn't going to happen?
Bill: It could. Yeah. I do think if the economy completely rolls over and people can't service their debt and all of a sudden, you have this bust? yeah, sure, you could bust again. But I don't see why valuations alone– I don't see why the market is going to present that kind of opportunity other than it always does and it always will.
Tobias: That's what happens. I think the market just gets complacent, because we haven't seen a crash for a while. So, people take on too much debt, they get too speculative, they just can't help themselves collectively, as a group. It happens every single time and that is what creates the conditions of the crash.
Bill: But how are you invested right now? You're long value. Value is going to get saved in the crash?
Jake: Long-levered shitcos. [laughs]
Tobias: Unlikely they get saved in the crash, but that's one of the– As Buffett and Munger would say, that's just one of the things that you have to endure. You have to expect these 50% drawdowns every decade or so. You have to be able to endure the 50% drawdown. And so, with the idea also that you're going to take advantage of it when it presents itself. So, I'm trying not to be– [crosstalk]
Bill: Not if you got 100% invested before it.
Jake: Yeah, you could trade up though into higher quality, potentially.
Bill: Nah, that's a suckers' game. I'd trade into lower quality.
Tobias: There are other outcomes too though. There are plenty of people who sell out when they see the crash, thinking, "I'll sell out now before it gets too much worse," or "I just can't take it anymore. I can't take the constant drip lower," and they sell out. And so, what I try to do by saying, these things do happen all the time and the conditions do exist where you could see one of these things, is the idea that if it occurs, you're mentally prepared for what's going to happen. So, it's not unexpected, it's not the end of the world. This is just par for the course and you can invest more at that point. Hold on, know that the end will come eventually. But you can't be standing at the top of the blue sky saying, "Hey, it's just blue skies forever. We're going to be fine from here."
Bill: Better have cash.
Jake: Or, I would suggest, and I'm sure everyone listening has their man overboard plan already filled out, ready to go, and they're not going to lose their heads, and they're just going to pull out the procedure and be like, "Okay, here's the next thing I need to do," and they're ready to go.
Bill: Yeah, I don't know. Yeah, we could go lower. Could go higher. Who knows?
Tobias: Yeah.
Jake: [laughs] "Where's the market going?" "It will fluctuate."
Bill: Yeah. We'll see.
—
Tobias: Would you load up on Ark here then, because it's sold off to two years from its peak?
Jake: It's down a lot.
Bill: I don't think Cathie Wood knows what she's doing at all. That's not an index bet. That's whether or not you actually think she knows what she's doing.
Tobias: That's the new [unintelligible 00:31:04].
Bill: Well, I've talked to enough people that know her names that– I wouldn't be comfortable interviewing her. I would not feel like I was doing my duty to my listeners to interview her.
Jake: Hmm, interesting. That's a pretty good litmus test there.
Bill: Yeah. But that guy, Tom Ricketts, that guy's portfolio, I'd probably go along that. I'm not, but he's a guy that I interviewed that does innovative investing. I bet he's got a lot of cheap stuff in his portfolio. But he is not Cathie.
Jake: Cheap or price has been beaten up?
Bill: I think he's legit and I think his forward returns are probably going to be adequate. Satisfactory, as the Buff Dawg would say.
Tobias: We had an inflation print today. It came in at 6.5. They're expecting 6.2. I know this against my– [crosstalk] Yeah. No, I mean–
Jake: I don't know.
Tobias: The best thing about Twitter is all of the Meta takes. Somebody tweets out, "Hey, it came in at 6.5, expecting 6.2. So, that's red hot." The next person comes out and says, "It's 6.5, which is down from wherever it was. So, it's cooling, cooling."
Jake: 9.1? Yeah.
Tobias: Then, you chop into it, and they back out all of the other stuff that's not core or super core, and you get to this inflation is not going up or something. But then, somebody captures them both and says, "There you go." Nobody really knows what's going on.
Jake: [laughs]
Tobias: But the higher inflation, if we run at 6.5 and you can't have the 10, and who knows? It's coming down. It's going up. It's going side by side. I don't know. But you clearly can't have the 10-year sitting at a discount to inflation for a long period of time, if the 10-year comes up and equity prices are coming down.
Bill: Could be right.
Jake: This is the caveat that Buffett always detaches to every single time that they ask him to, if stocks are cheap and he says, "If rates stay where they are, if profit margins stay where they are, then yes, equities are cheap right now." [laughs]
Tobias: It may not matter. We've had a pretty good rally here from October. And clearly, over that period of time, things have deteriorated, probably except for inflation has come down a little bit. But 6.5 is still pretty high.
Jake: Yeah, if you told someone in 2019, it was going to be 6.5 in three years, you would think– or four years, they'd be like, "Jesus, the market has got to be in the crapper right now."
Tobias: Yeah. Tell me where the 10-year is and tell me where the market is if inflation is running at 6.5.
Jake: Yeah, I think we all would have whiffed on that one, right?
Tobias: It's always transitory, right? Everybody thinks it's always transitory. That's the lesson that I take from the story that you told a little while ago about the 70s.
Jake: Oh, yeah. Always transitory until it's– It will recede and then come back. At least, it did then. I don't know about it. Who knows?
Tobias: Do you want to say something, Billy?
Bill: No, I was just looking back. This coincides with your crash. In 2008, August 31st, 2008, it was like 5.6, then it went down to negative two.
Tobias: Yeah, I'm still trying to process those numbers. Tesla is up 88%. It amazes me, just the volatility that moves in both of those things. Tesla's a huge stock.
Jake: Oh, the volume's just mind boggling.
Tobias: It's bigger than SPY some days. It's bigger than SPY often. The moves on it are just– like, every single move, it's like that was a complete– Every day is like something completely unexpected happened.
Jake: Plus or minus 5% daily.
Tobias: Ark too. An Ark is not a single stock. Ark's across lots of different stocks. And so, every time I look at the Ark volatility or the Arc daily moves, I'm just blown away.
Jake: Well, it's a rocky road to get to the future.
Tobias: It's not a straight line.
Bill: That is not untrue.
Tobias: It's not a straight line.
Jake: Can we bang out some quick veggies-
Tobias: Yeah, let's do some veggies.
—
Use Parkinson's Law To Increase Productivity
Jake: -before we run out of time? So, this is a little piece on Parkinson's law, which you guys may or may not have heard of before.
Tobias: No.
Jake: But it is this idea that work will expand to fill whatever time is available for its completion.
Tobias: It's a good one.
Jake: Yeah. Originally, it's from this satirical essay in The Economist in 1955 by this guy, his last name was Parkinson. And he was a British naval historian and author of 60 different books. And his observation came from extensive experience with the British Civil Service. It ended up describing kind of bureaucracies everywhere though, but he saw how the British Civil Service interacted and worked.
He explained the growth of bureaucracies, there's two different forces that cause it. One is that officials want to multiply their subordinates, not their rivals, and often get themselves promoted by just putting more people under them. And then number two, officials want to make work for each other. So, they end up just creating busy work effectively. So, he noted that the number employed rose by 5% to 7% per year, irrespective if there was any variation in the amount of work, if any, to be done by these bureaucracies.
It's been weird to watch it. If you look at healthcare, if you look at education and you look at the number of administrators to professors, administrators to doctors, that ratio in the last 20 years has just gone parabolic on the number of administrators. Administrators to students, it's just been insanity. And so, these bureaucracies have just gotten huge.
Isaac Asimov had a corollary to Parkinson's law, which he said, "In 10 hours a day, you have time to fall twice as far behind your commitments as in a five-hour day," [Tobias laughs] which I thought was pretty funny. And then there was another little kind of clip in here that was called injelitance. Obviously, made up word. But this is the disastrous rise to authority of individuals with an unusually high combination of incompetence and jealousy. It's expressed in the chemical formula I to the third power for incompetence and J to the fifth power for jealousy. [Tobias laughs] So, there's this idea of injelitance.
So, it begs the question to me, what's the right amount of time that we should allocate to our investment process? Should it vary by external factors, like maybe, what's the value of value at 92nd percentile? Does that mean you should really be digging in today? Is that the time to be doing extra work? Should you be making a bigger time budget? Or, if it's let's say the opposite and maybe like a 2015 that we've talked about where the value of value seemed relatively tight valuation spreads, relatively expensive market, should you be just going fishing and lower your time budget?
Tobias: It's a stock tickers market.
Jake: Okay.
Tobias: Sorry, dude. Keep going.
Jake: All right. Let's do that. [laughs] Or should time be even budgeted at all or should it be more freeform, an exploratory, more like jazz approach? I don't have the right answers to any of these things. I just think they're provocative questions that we could be asking ourselves with the idea that Parkinson's Law, like would we actually get more done in our research time if we made it into fit into a box. Like we said like, "Okay, you have three hours a day or whatever it is that is right for you, would you actually be more productive and focus on the things that are more important?"
Tobias: Yeah, that's a good question. Probably.
Bill: Everything is more important. as Charlie Munger would say. Too many people waste in too much brain power on this stuff. I was at a charity for children, people that need child care, they raise the money, and the children are able to go so the parents can go to work. That is so much more important than this stuff.
Jake: So, Parkinson had this other kind of law, but it was an example of this fictional committee whose job was to approve the plans for a power plant, like a nuclear power plant, okay? The joke was that they spent all their time on, what materials the bike shed for the employees would be built out of as opposed to the actual plans for the nuclear reactor? This now in software development is a very common term, it's called bike shedding.
In fact, the CTO for Journalytic had explained to me this term 'bike shedding' before. I'd never heard of it, but I found out that it came from Parkinson originally. It's the idea that we focus on these small, easy, irrelevant parts of a problem as opposed to the hairy, important, hard to figure out parts. The majority of time in a committee is spent on discussions about these relatively minor and easy to grasp issues. And so, that's like bike shedding.
Last thing to wrap this up. As an experiment, just because I like to play games with myself on these things, I purposely left only 30 minutes to prep today's episode to see like, "Okay, well, shit, what can I get done in 30 minutes before we go live to demonstrate Parkinson's law?" So, I was curious, did you guys even notice that was true or not?
Tobias: No, I think it worked.
Jake: Ah, shit. [laughs]
Tobias: I think it worked.
Jake: That's the worst-case scenario now for me. [laughs]
Tobias: I had this idea that I do, back in the 1800s or something like 1900s, something like. 1800s, maybe, where you have to wait for everything to come by sailing ship or paddle steamer.
Jake: Yeah.
Tobias: It's hard to get information. So, your day had to be different, like you go and have breakfast, and then you go for a walk, and then you come back, and then you do correspondence in the afternoon, do like an hour or so of correspondence. And that's your working day. That's what I'm trying to get down to. I just want to do correspondence for an hour in the afternoon and then I'm done.
Jake: How's that working out with you all your– [crosstalk]
Tobias: I haven't done it yet.
Jake: [laughs]
Tobias: It's not working at all. I haven't put it into place yet, but that's the goal.
—
Remember When Coke's P/E Was 69
Jake: You guys know what Coke's PE was in 2000?
Jake: 60.
Tobias: 9.
Bill: Yeah, 69 for Coke. Crazy. I think this is why Munger says that like, "Now is not then."
Jake: [laughs] What do you mean? Did he mean today is-
Tobias: Single datapoints?
Jake: -not as crazy as 2000?
Bill: Yeah, he said that a while ago.
Jake: No, I think he said the opposite.
Bill: No.
Tobias: I think the last Berkshire meeting, he said that this is the craziest behavior he'd ever seen in last year.
Bill: Well, maybe crypto, but not the overall market. When he was at Daily Journal, he was like, "This is not nuts." I don't know. I'm an idiot. People should not listen to me.
Jake: I've got [crosstalk] but maybe.
Bill: I just don't think the stock market is that crazy. It could totally implode, but I just don't think it's that nuts.
Jake: I don't think you're wrong. We've talked about this before, but the technological changes where perhaps, these winner-take-all markets are so huge, they're global in scale, which might be the first time that that's existed in that level. I don't know. Maybe someone's yelling at the screen right now about the Dutch East India Company or something. But the returns on capital, invested capital, incremental invested capital are so high, these companies don't need any capital from outside at all.
Shoot, maybe they just do make a ton of money and will continue to make a ton of money, and that competitively advantaged period is open for a really long time. The market's kind of sniffed that out and is paying above a normal, let's call it 15 PE for them, but rightfully so, and they're pretty reasonably priced. I could buy that argument.
Bill: Procter & Gamble looks like in 2009 at the bottom, it traded for 14 and a half times earnings. It's 24. Its average over the past 23 years is 22.6.
Bill: Yeah, 4.8, 7.3, 5.3, trailing is 2:5. I guess forward's 4:1. They take a little bit of price.
Jake: Yeah, that's fair.
Bill: I don't like Staples. Staples, that I do think is a pretty rich part of the market, but I'm just trying to pick stocks that– I don't know. The idea that Apple is now Procter & Gamble, I think, makes a decent amount of sense. So, I don't know, is like a 24 PE for that high? No, [crosstalk] I don't know. I feel like people would be like, "It's crazy. Nobody will buy their phone anymore." And then, you ask that same person to forgo two upgrade cycles and they're like, "I would never do that. That's crazy."
Jake: Here's the problem though. We always have to remember that it's a Keynesian beauty contest in a lot of ways, right? And so, if everybody believes that all the same stuff, these are good businesses, the surprise is likely to be the downside in that situation.
Bill: Maybe. I don't know. Sometimes, favorites are priced like favorites for a reason.
Jake: Who's out there saying though that any of these companies are zeros, are in any kind of trouble? It's not really happening at this point.
Bill: Well, I think there is. You're seeing Microsoft and Google bat up against each other. I mean, they may not be. I don't know, if you've ever been to a horse track, just betting on the long shot because they got good odds is usually not the best strategy in the world. Now, betting the favorite all the time is also not a great strategy. So, you got to wait to see the odds you like.
Jake: That's what I'm trying to say is that the betting odds, I'm not sure you're getting these amazing mispriced bets necessarily.
Bill: Yeah, I just don't think we're at a time where those– I don't think you're getting the odds really anywhere. I don't think the debt market is screaming these great odds. Probably, some microcap special sits. I heard AAMC pitched a little while ago. That was a pretty interesting pitch.
Jake: What would Asness and Greenblatt's 90th call it percentile value of value to say about the mispriced bets of a quant value strategy right now?
Bill: I'm not smart enough. I just say that they're smarter than me. So, it's got to be a good bet.
Jake: TC, any thoughts on that?
—
EV/EBIT Wide As It's Ever Been
Tobias: Well, obviously, I like it, but I'm biased [Jake laughs] and I've been talking for a little while. But yeah, I think there's a relative value trade, which is the spread, and that's however you measure that, expensive to cheap or market to cheap, it's very wide. Unusually wide. It has closed a little bit on some metrics, but on others, EV/EBIT, as wide as it's ever been. I think that the forward returns there are unusually high.
And then at the same time, I think the forward returns on the market are pretty modest, but then that's using those cyclically adjusted measures. So, in the short term, anything can happen. I don't really know. But at the same time, there are a lot of those– That inversion still staying very steep, I saw the 10:2 is as steep as it's ever been or over 30 something plus years of data. I don't know, dude. The 10:3, the 10-year, 3-month has an incredibly good track record. Not very many ends. I get that. There are like four examples before his paper, four examples since. No false positives. It is pretty good metric.
Jake: That's not bad.
Tobias: He fades it. Cam Harvey fades it. Other people fade it. They just say there's too much intervention in the market that it's unnatural. It's not an expression of what's going on underneath. And the other response to that is always, "Well, what if everybody watches it? Doesn't that negate its utility?"
Jake: Yeah. Right.
Tobias: I don't know the answers to those things. I'm a simple models over expert predictions guy. So, I look at simple models. Simple models seem to say same thing to me.
Jake: I posited a hypothesis that everyone– and I say that kind of tongue in cheek, but everyone is inclined, if you think that you're going into a recession, to try to hide out in quality and maybe not be in some of these more junky companies that would represent the value basket and therefore, that gets displaced and everyone's like, "Well, I know we're going into a recession. I can't hold something with a lot of leverage. This is a bad company. It's bankruptcy risk. Apple, I know they're not going anywhere. So, I can hide out there."
If everyone is saying that, everyone's standing all on the same side of the boat, isn't that where you get opportunities, that type of thinking? That sort of dynamic playing out?
Tobias: It's easy to understand the reasons why people don't want to hold a lot of those.
Jake: Of course.
Tobias: The cheap stuff is, the argument there would be, "Well, it's full of oil companies that have had a good 2022. And so, you're getting–" [crosstalk]
Tobias: But I just don't know that the rebuttal is any different at any other point in time. The opportunity exists, because people don't want to hold them. Whatever the reason is, is beside the point.
Bill: Yeah, you're right. On the other hand, management teams might be incentivized well for now, right? I'm not sure commodity companies generally have proven managements that allocate capital very well over time. So, if you want to own it– [crosstalk]
Jake: Except for goldminers. They're known for– [crosstalk]
Tobias: Well, to be fair, I'm glad you– [crosstalk]
Bill: Let's just talk about how hated oil is. Let's just talk about it for a second. If we assume ExxonMobil is a reasonably good oil company– It's a half a trillion-dollar company. It looks like the previous decade, normalized free cash flow was like, I don't know, what, let's see. It looks like from 2004 to 2010, call it $20 billion. From 2010 to 2020, let's even forget the $3 billion negative cash flow. It was probably $15 billion. So, what's half a trillion divided by $15 billion?
Tobias: No one knows.
Bill: Yeah. I don't know. Is that that hated? I don't know. Now maybe it earned $60 billion in perpetuity for the first time ever. That's very possible. But every other discussion we ever have is mean reversion.
Jake: [laughs] Yeah.
Bill: So, I find it hard to think that mean reversion wouldn't apply to commodity company over the long-term. Then, I got to buy into an overearning asset because it's cheap. Then when I get whacked when the earnings come in, I got to figure out how long I want to hold that? I'm not playing that game. Fuck no. [crosstalk] the one thing to do with that.
Tobias: Capital theory where you said– it's not hard to figure out why the oil companies have had a bad decade, right? It's a combination of low oil prices and ESG being quite loud and impacting the way that people invest.
Tobias: It raises their cost of capital. It makes it hard to raise money.
Bill: They don't need to raise money. No oil company is going out to the equity market. When's the last time Exxon issued shares? Because they needed to issue them.
Tobias: It's not just the majors. There are juniors that are investing in various different places, and they're the ones who do need access to the market and they do– [crosstalk]
Bill: Well, but is that ESG or is that they all snorted cocaine and went nuts on shale and blew a bunch of money?
Tobias: Yeah, that's true. That's right as well.
Bill: So, I don't know. That's not ESG.
Jake: That might have been G, actually.
Bill: [chuckles] Fair.
Jake: Lack of governance there.
—
Gold Companies Have Cleaned Up Their Act
Tobias: The gold companies are a good example. The gold companies, they've also had a bad decade. I don't know if they've necessarily done it out of the goodness of their own heart or an attempt to get their governance to a good place. I think probably they've had it forced on them by the market. But they have got some discipline around spending, and they've tidied it up their shareholding. They've done a lot of good things. So, they are in a good place.
I don't disagree with you. If they get a good run, there'll be a whole lot of silly mergers. They'll pay themselves big bonuses. They'll do all of the dumb stuff again. But you do have that period of time now where they look better than they have. I'm not necessarily saying buy gold companies. I don't know. I'm just saying as an example of the way that it would work, that's what would happen. So, you might be paid to do it now.
Jake: We're all racing the clock in different ways, right? If you're buying a super high quality moated company, you're racing the clock that that moat's going to stay intact and grow over time, hopefully. If you're buying an overearning levered industrial company–
Bill: I don't think this is true. I think this is the wrong takeaway from Buffett's career. I think the right takeaway is look for See's and look for Geico, and look for things that get stronger over time, and rather than racing the clock, you're running with the clock. That's what I think the actual takeaway is.
Jake: I don't disagree with that. But that's such a tiny, tiny sliver of companies– [crosstalk]
Bill: Why spend time on the rest of the bullshit? Why not just try to find those small slices of companies?
Jake: You're probably not wrong.
Bill: The rest is [crosstalk] is whatever.
—
Apple Stores Are So Good
Tobias: Relevant to the exchange. Steve Jobs and Bernard Arnault, who's the CEO of LVMH, richest man in the world at the moment, he had an exchange where Jobs wanted Arnault to take care of the Apple Stores and he said, "Jobs was worried about the sustainability of high tech products." I don't know who's saying this, but I think he said he then said to me– So, this is Arnault describing Jobs, "You have eternity for you." I asked him why. "Because I sell iPhones," he replied. "The iPhones, will they still be around in 25 years? But what I'm sure of is the world will continue to drink your Dom Perignon."
Jake: [laughs]
Tobias: I don't know.
Bill: The Apple Store is so good. The implementation of how they did that was so, so good. That was really something. I'm really glad that I thought that stock was too expensive my whole life, [Jake laughs] when people were lined up to buy them in a fucking recession. In 2009, when people were lined up and they were building new stores, and I thought, "Man, the PE is too high." | eng | c3f5737d-4358-4375-bd77-96689a23959b | https://acquirersmultiple.com/2023/02/value-after-hours-s05-e6-parkinsons-law-value-92nd-percentile-cheap-just-buy-aapl/ |
What Repels Stink Bugs?
ByStan FlemingMarch 8, 2023February 19, 2023
Stink bugs are common pests you see in many homes and gardens. Just as their name implies, they have an unpleasant odor that is quite difficult to eliminate. As disgusting as they are, they do not spread any disease and are ordinarily not harmful to humans.
However, their stench makes them unfit to harbor around living areas. Thankfully, there are a few things that repel them. We will discuss some in this article.
KEY TAKEAWAYS
Among others, the following are some stick bug repellants:
Garlic.
Essential oils like citronella, lavender, and peppermint.
Insect-repellant plants like marigolds, lavender, and chrysanthemums.
Below, we will discuss six things that repel stink bugs and another five alternative ways to deter them. But before all that, let's peek at some details about these tiny creatures, like how they smell and what attracts them.
What Do Stink Bugs Smell Like?
When stink bugs feel agitated, threatened, or under attack, they emit a strong smell from their abdomen. They are a part of the insect family that uses their smell as a defense mechanism.
This odor smells like a mixture of chemicals and herbs to the human hose. Trust me – it is unpleasant to perceive.
If you come across a stink bug, you should be careful when removing it. If not, it will release its stench and make it difficult for you to remove it.
What Attracts Stink Bugs?
Stink bugs love the smell of fruit, especially ripe ones. So, if you love to keep your fruits on the countertop, you are ignorantly sending an open invitation to the stink bugs around.
Since they also love to feed on leaves and plants, stink bugs will hang around the plants in your garden. Insects hate the smell of some plants like thyme, eucalyptus, lemon grass, etc., and stink bugs are not exempted from the list.
Besides these plants and a few more with strong scents, stink bugs are usually quick to feed on all other plants.
Finally, stink bugs love sunlight and warmth. They will look for a warm and cozy spot to hide when the temperature drops and everywhere starts to feel cold.
Stink bugs do not mind making their way into your basement, attic, or living room if there is an opportunity. They will easily find their way in and make themselves comfortable.
What Repels Stink Bugs?
Stink bugs are unwelcome pests you can't afford to harbor in your home, garden, and other outdoor spaces. They are famous for their unpleasant smell and their ability to reproduce quickly.
Due to their high reproduction rate, they can cause an infestation in no time. Thankfully, there are quite a handful of things that repels them. Below, we consider some:
1. Insect Repellant Plants
There are many natural plants that insects steer clear of. This is because of the solid and overpowering smell they emit.
Certain plants, such as marigolds, lavender, and chrysanthemums, are natural repellants for stink bugs. Planting these around your home can help to keep the bugs away.
Besides deterring unwanted stink bugs, there is another good part to growing insect-repelling plants. Many of these plants have pleasant smells. So, as they frighten stink bugs and other household pests away, they also leave your environment smelling nice.
With this option, you kill two birds with a stone. So, this bug-deterring strategy is a win-win approach on all sides.
2. Garlic
Garlic is a beautiful plant with a natural flavor for cooking. You probably know it as a food spice for preparing several dishes. If you have some bulbs in your pantry, that might be all you need to end the stink bug infestation in your space.
You may not know, but humans are the only ones that like the garlic smell. If you don't mind the odor, you can add it to your deterrent strategy against unwanted stink bugs.
You don't have to keep the garlic so close. Place a few cloves at your doors and windows, and you will be fine.
You can also grind and mix it with water and dish soap to make a garlic spray. Spray it around your home and pay attention to their entry points. The stink bugs will surely stay away.
3. Hang Dryer Sheets
Dryer sheets are cellulose fiber strips coated in lubricants, fragrances, and liquid. Typically, a fabric softener is for laundry purposes. However, it has other uses also, and this includes deterring bugs.
Since dryer sheets have a strong fragrance, their smell can quickly fill a room and keep insects away. To use against stink bugs, hang a few dryer sheets around the perimeter of your home.
4. Diatomaceous Earth
Diatomaceous earth is a white powder-like substance made from the remains of the fossils of diatoms. It is a natural insecticide that can help to repel these stink bugs.
Sprinkle the powder around the perimeter of your home and any plants that the stink bugs have affected.
5. Insecticides
You can go the regular route of using insecticide sprays to keep stink bugs away. If you have one in your cabinet, bring it out and apply it around the stink bug-infested areas.
Suppose you have none in the house. Check any grocery or pest store around you. You can ask the attendant to recommend one that works well against stink bugs.
Once you have the insecticide spray, follow all directions and safety precautions and apply it everywhere you have noticed stink bug activities.
6. Essential Oils
Applying chemical-based insecticide sprays is good. However, it can cause some allergic reactions like breathing difficulties, especially for people with asthma. With this in mind, using natural repellants will make a better alternative.
To create a natural repellant spray, you can use essential oils such as citronella, lavender, and peppermint. Mix a few drops of each with water in a spray bottle and spray around the infested areas and the perimeter of your home.
The scent of the spray will linger in your home and keep the little stinkers far away.
Alternative Ways To Repel Stink Bugs
Apart from the stick bug repellants listed above, you can still try other deterrent strategies.
Here are some of them:
1. Block All Entry Ways
Stink bugs are sneaky and will look for the easiest way to enter your home. They will look for cracks, open doors, or windows they can pass through.
Stink bugs can crawl through small cracks and crevices, so it is essential to block those off. Use a caulking gun to fill in cracks or gaps around windows, doors, and other entry points. This will prevent them from gaining entry into your home.
2. Remove Any Stagnant Water
Stagnant waters are breeding grounds for stink bugs and many other insects. If you have water sources like a gutter around your home, ensure it does not have stagnant water inside.
Remove any sources of standing water or moisture from around your home, as these are significant stink bug attractants. Make sure to repair any leaking pipes or faucets, and keep gutters and downspouts clean and clear of debris.
3. Maintain a Clean Environment
Another way to keep stink bugs and other unwanted household pests at bay is to keep your surroundings clean always. Most pests have one thing in common – hiding in dirty environments.
If you can keep your yard and home surroundings dirt-free, stink bugs will have no place to hide. So, keep your environment clean and free of debris besides blocking all stink bug potential entry points and removing stagnant water.
Piles of leaves, mulch, and other organic matter you leave lying around are sure to attract stink bugs.
4. Keep Your Outdoor Lights Off
Insects generally love bright lights, and stink bugs are no exception. They will swarm around it and try to hit on it. To keep them away, it would make an intelligent move to keep your outdoor lights off.
If you cannot do that, you can use yellow bug lights, which are less attractive to stink bugs.
5. Use a Vacuum Cleaner To Remove Stink Bugs
We have already established that stink bugs emit a horrible stench when they feel attacked or threatened. So, when removing them, you need to be extra careful.
Once you identify their hiding spots in your home, you can use a vacuum cleaner to remove them. Make sure to empty the vacuum cleaner after each use to prevent the stink bugs from escaping.
But if a vacuum cleaner is unavailable, you can keep reading to learn other readily-available alternatives you can try out.
Conclusion
Stink bugs are a nuisance and can be challenging to eliminate. Above, we outlined some deterrent strategies we know can help frighten them away. Some options are natural, while others are chemical-based.
Regardless of your chosen method, ensure you are consistent. The result you desire lies in your consistency. Also, we advise you to apply multiple strategies at once for the best results.
If you have further queries, please read our answers to other common questions about handling stink bug infestations below.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can a Stink Bug Bite Me?
Stink bugs do not bite. Ordinarily, they are not harmful and do not spread diseases. However, they can sometimes cause allergies, like a runny nose.
Do Stink Bugs Go Away at Night?
At night, stink bugs move toward lights. So, when it is dark, you will likely spot them flocking around bulbs or any other available light source.
Why Do Stink Bugs Like My Room?
Like most bugs, sting bugs infest homes primarily for warmth and shelter. When the temperatures drop, they gravitate towards warm areas, and your room could be one | eng | 9a8ee3e6-512e-4623-b9d5-a1ea2c913349 | https://beatpests.com/what-repels-stink-bugs |
How To Teach Myself How To Sing
by
If you are new abilities and get ready for a performance.
While it's constantly a great idea to heat up, singers should avoid overstraining their voices. Often, pushing the muscles beyond their abilities can lead to damage. Instead, begin with easy exercises each morning. Then slowly increase the strength.
A few of the most efficient vocal warm-ups include stretching impacts influence on your audience. It provides your voice life. Phrasing enables you to create musical stress and emphasize particular words in your lyrics.
Phrasing is how you sing words and rhythms in a tune. Your phrasing can vary from song to song. You will hear various phrasing styles in tunes based on the genre of the music. Typically, an expression is about three to four bars long.
If you're not sure of what phrasing is, ask a professional. They can offer you a more in-depth meaning. Some phrasing elements include off-beats, dynamics, and starts. When you're trying to establish your phrasing design, you might require to do exercises.
Phrasing to learn singing can be challenging for newbies. Nevertheless, it's an essential skill to master. Learning how to transition between phrasing can make a huge difference in the effect of your song.
Among the methods to develop your vocal phrasing design is by playing around with back-phrasing. Back-phrasing is when you postpone your tune up until a later step or expression. This assists construct musical stress and hold-ups the shipment of the expected therapy for stutterers. This is since the tune of a song counteracts the modulation of speech. It also enables the singer to stress words that may not normally get worried during a speech.
In addition, singing a tune can make an individual noise "American" without really being an American. Those who have actually lived in the United States for a long time may have developed a musical diet based on American music, therefore adopting a common American way of singing.
One example is Ben Platts' performance at the 2010 Grammy Awards. He was able to nearly eliminate his accent. His vocal articulation was enhanced and he decreased the tune's rate.
Another is a research might important for singers, specifically when they're singing high notes. This can mean the difference in between a great vocal performance and a bad one. You'll wish to learn the best methods for breathing while singing, so you can sing for a long time and get the complete noise you deserve.
There are many different types of exercises you can do to improve your breath control. A few of them are simply breath control-related, while others include exercises that will help you breathe better and increase your stamina. The secret is to do these exercises routinely so that they end up being force of habit.
One of the most convenient and most effective bang for your buck.
Discovering the best strategies for breathing while singing is a skill that takes practice. Even trained singers need to learn how to appropriately inhale and exhale. While a breath might not be the most glamorous element of singing, it is a vital element.
There are also some simple, yet effective breathing exercises you can do while carrying out other tasks. If you're a singer with a chaotic schedule, you can squeeze them into your day by using a shower to do them. Likewise, try walking while you sing.
The technique is to make certain your abs are in the ideal place. For instance, you can run prior to a program out in bands, and in some cases they went on to remarkable solo professions. It's no surprise that being in a band isn't always | eng | f8e44d67-67df-40f5-ba1d-15d773725b10 | https://www.greatwhitenorthresorts.com/how-to-teach-myself-how-to-sing/ |
GetHuman: And which of these common SafeLink customer issues best describes the reason you wanted to talk to them?
(Shows ~Vanessa a list of common SafeLink problems)
~Vanessa: "Technical Support Called *-***-***-**** and pressed * for English, then said "HELP" and I was transferred to an agent. It rang one time and went completely silent but the minute counter was still running so I waited. I heard a click noise and knew the call was being answered in India. The agent was hard to hear, sounded really far away and there was a echo and delay but the issues were addressed one | eng | 24fffaf1-c047-456d-9666-8190feede584 | https://ms.reviews.gethuman.com/SafeLink/Called-1-800-977-3768-and-pressed-1-for-English-t/_~r231132 |
comments (8)
I make all of my sons food at home for these reasons. You never know what's actually going into the foods. Additives aren't listed as ingredients and the shelf life scares me lol I understand not everyone wants to make baby food but it's super easy and it takes a few hours to have a freezer stocked!
I get the concern. But most of this lead is in the foods you are making at home as well.
They aren't intentionally mixing in extra lead at the baby food factory. It's heavy metals in the ground the food grows in. So the sweet potatoes you buy from your local grocery could have less, more, or the same amount of heavy metals.
If lead and heavy metal exposures is a hot button, best course of action is just to limit foods that tend to be higher in those things. Like root vegetables.
I make all of my sons food at home for these reasons. You never know w…
The heavy metals come from the ground vegetables are grown in. The heavy metals aren't from additives.
The sweet potatoes from your grocery store could have less, more or the same amount of heavy metals as the ones used to make food at the gerber factory.
As far as preservatives and shelf life goes I think it's typically just ascorbic acid which is vitamin c. It has a good shelf life because it's sealed. Like canning or vaccum sealing foods at home.
I'm not trying to diminish that there are risks.
But sometimes I think articles like this fail to point out that there's probably not a sweet potato on your grocery shelves with significantly less heavy metals either. So making it at home mag not help. They're not mixing in extra lead Willy nilly at the factory.
I'm aware of how canning works. I prefer to make my sons food for peac…
Cool. I'm just saying I think these articles can be made to be more alarming than they truly are.
You seemed concerned about shelf life, as if there was some crazy suspicious ingredient causing the shelf life. Canned veggies last years on the shelf, it's the same principle.
I just like to be scientific about these things and not taking these "scary" articles and run off the rails with them. | eng | cef651e7-6966-490b-98f4-54f8b923fde3 | https://community.babycenter.com/post/a78014671/wow |
Story Walk Trail Program: The Mitten
December 28, 2022 @ 1:00 pm - 2:00 pm
Join a Discovery Center Naturalist as we reveal this month's book "The Mitten." This is a program that connects literacy and outdoor recreation by placing a children's nature-themed program out along the trail. We will walk and read the new book together, followed by a fun craft! This program is great for kids aged 4-7 – parents are asked to stay with their children and participate. Registration required by 12/26/22. These programs are sponsored by the Shepherd/Howells Fund and are offered free of charge! The first 10 children/families that register will receive a free copoy of the book! | eng | 3ebdb041-2bcc-4f12-be7e-92e3de2d66a7 | https://boulderjct.org/events/story-walk-trail-program-the-mitten/ |
Do you think retail investors would be able to get their trades in (and out) fast enough to profit fully from the Cramer Bump?
I assume there are algos that automatically interpret the show in real time and race to complete pre-market transactions a nanosecond before anyone else, and have also perfected the timing of profit-taking later in the day.
It would be hard for a dedicated amateur to beat that.
Incidentally, if you're looking for future post ideas, I'd be fascinated to hear your take on Tom Lee's assertion that the market closely follows generational trends. He has a graph to prove it but I'm not sure what to make of it. | eng | afafc4d2-c034-4fdc-bc99-e6a7afe471d0 | https://www.marketsentiment.co/p/cramer-performance/comments |
Five minutes to learn how to suppress a scream using only the mixer
The method is as follows (if the microphone is plugged into the first line)
1. First, adjust the gain of the microphone to the minimum
2. Push the main output volume fader to 0dB
3. Push the volume fader of the first microphone to +6dB
4. Have someone pick up the microphone and go on stage. As you walk, slowly start turning up the microphone gain knob on the first step (very slowly). When the microphone to howling critical point, can faintly hear howling out of the decisive stop (do not turn on the big easy to burn equipment).
5. Push the volume fader of the microphone on the first line down to 0dB.
As simple as that, if you're new to the sound industry, you don't have to rely on feedback suppressors and equalizers, just use the mixer to deal with the noise problem.
6. This gain is the maximum gain you can use, if the field appears a variety of microphones a variety of microphones, it is best to reduce the gain knob on the first way to use 2-3 DB more safe, to ensure that you are performing at the same time to prevent the noise of the problem.
7. For example, all the way into the first microphone is holding a microphone, the first two is clip microphone or condenser microphone, at this time of the first two gain only needs to be set separately in accordance with the just way again ok so on (different types of receiver and the receiver sensitivity of different brand is different, must remember separate Settings). | eng | 901c3a40-3649-4d49-87c7-a314d44601be | https://en.hualedi-audio.com/news-Details/10.html |
The Ultimate Guide to Winning at Online Baccarat: Unveiling the Top Casino Websites and Agents
The Ultimate Guide to Winning at Online Baccarat: Unveiling the Top Casino Websites and Agents
Are you ready to dive into the thrilling world of online baccarat? Look no further, as this ultimate guide will unveil the top casino websites and agents where you can have an exhilarating baccarat experience. Whether you're a seasoned player or a newcomer to the game, this comprehensive article will provide you with all the information you need to enjoy and potentially win big at baccarat online.
In the virtual realm of baccarat, you can immerse yourself in the excitement of this timeless card game without leaving the comfort of your own home. With just a few clicks, you'll gain access to a wide range of baccarat casinos, judi baccarat online platforms, and trusted situs judi baccarat. These online destinations offer a convenient and secure way to enjoy the elegance and thrill of baccarat from anywhere in the world.
To ensure a smooth and enjoyable experience, it's crucial to choose the right agen baccarat online. These agents serve as your gateway to the world of online baccarat, providing expert guidance, secure transactions, and access to reputable baccarat casinos and platforms. By selecting a reliable agent, you can have peace of mind and focus on honing your baccarat skills while exploring countless opportunities for exciting gameplay.
In the upcoming sections of this guide, we will delve into the key aspects of online baccarat, including rules, strategies, and tips for success. We will also explore the top casino websites and agents, highlighting their features and advantages. So, fasten your seatbelts, grab your virtual cards, and get ready for an exhilarating journey through the world of online baccarat!
Top Casino Websites for Online Baccarat
When it comes to playing online baccarat, choosing the right casino website is crucial for an enjoyable and rewarding experience. With a plethora of options available, it can be overwhelming to find the best platforms. However, we have narrowed down the top casino websites that offer exceptional baccarat online gameplay, ensuring you have a seamless and thrilling gambling journey.
Baccarat Palace: Known for its sleek and user-friendly interface, Baccarat Palace is a top choice for online baccarat enthusiasts. This casino website offers a wide range of baccarat variations, including traditional punto banco and mini-baccarat. With its secure and reliable platform, you can place your bets confidently and experience high-quality graphics and immersive gameplay. Baccarat Palace also provides enticing bonuses and promotions to enhance your gambling sessions.
JudiBaccarat Online: For those seeking a comprehensive online baccarat experience, JudiBaccarat Online has got you covered. This website offers not only a diverse selection of baccarat games but also other popular casino games, ensuring there's something for everyone. With its intuitive navigation and seamless gameplay, JudiBaccarat Online is tailored for both experienced players and newcomers alike. Additionally, you can enjoy their exceptional customer support services, enabling you to receive assistance whenever needed.
By opting for these top casino websites for online baccarat, you can indulge in this captivating card game while benefiting from reliable platforms, diverse game selections, and enticing promotions. Remember to gamble responsibly and have fun exploring the thrilling world of online baccarat!
Choosing a Reliable Baccarat Agent
When it comes to playing baccarat online, it is crucial to choose a reliable agent that can provide you with a secure and enjoyable gaming experience. With the increasing popularity of online gambling, numerous websites and agents have emerged offering baccarat casino games. However, not all of them are trustworthy. Here are some essential factors to consider when selecting a reliable baccarat agent.
First and foremost, you should look for an agent that is licensed and regulated. A reputable baccarat agent will hold a valid license from a recognized authority, ensuring that their operations are legal and fair. This license serves as a guarantee that the agent follows strict regulations and standards, providing a safe environment for your online baccarat experience.
Secondly, take into account the reputation of the agent. Look for reviews and feedback from other players to gain insights into their credibility and reliability. A reputable baccarat agent will have positive reviews and a solid reputation within the online gambling community. Avoid agents with multiple negative reviews or unresolved complaints, as these may indicate potential issues and a lack of trustworthiness.
Furthermore, consider the range of baccarat games and features offered by the agent. A reliable agent should provide a wide variety of baccarat games, ensuring that you have options suitable for your preferences. Additionally, look for agents that offer user-friendly platforms, secure payment options, and efficient customer support. These factors contribute to a seamless and satisfying gaming experience.
In conclusion, choosing a reliable baccarat agent is vital for a safe and enjoyable online gambling experience. By considering factors such as licensing, reputation, game variety, and features, you can make an informed decision and select an agent that meets your needs. Remember to prioritize security, fairness, and user satisfaction when choosing a baccarat agent for your online gaming endeavors.
Strategies for Winning at Online Baccarat
When it comes to winning at online baccarat, having a strategic approach can greatly increase your chances of success. Here are three key strategies to keep in mind:
Manage Your Bankroll: One of the most important strategies in baccarat is to effectively manage your bankroll. Set a budget for your gambling sessions and stick to it. This will ensure that you don't overspend or chase your losses. Divide your bankroll into smaller units and decide on the maximum bet you are comfortable with. By carefully managing your funds, you can minimize losses and maximize your winning potential.
Understand the Rules and Odds: A strong understanding of the rules and odds of baccarat is essential for any player looking to win. Familiarize yourself with the different variations of the game, such as punto banco, chemin de fer, or baccarat banque, and learn the specific rules of each. Additionally, make sure to understand the odds associated with different bets in baccarat, such as the player, banker, or tie bets. Being knowledgeable about the game will help you make more informed decisions and increase your chances of winning.
Follow a Betting Strategy: Having a solid betting strategy can give you an edge in baccarat. One popular strategy is the Martingale system, where you double your bet after each loss until you win. Another common strategy is the Paroli system, where you increase your bet after a win and decrease it after a loss. There are various other strategies that players employ, such as the Fibonacci system or the D'Alembert system. Experiment with different strategies and find one that suits your playing style and bankroll. However, it's important to remember that no strategy is foolproof, and baccarat is ultimately a game of chance.
By employing these strategies and maintaining a disciplined approach, you can improve your chances of winning at online baccarat. Remember to enjoy the game responsibly and never gamble more than you can afford to lose. | eng | 7a1b56a4-e47a-4f09-85f8-84eb3ee0c02a | https://therapyboy.com/the-ultimate-guide-to-winning-at-online-baccarat-unveiling-the-top-casino-websites-and-agents/ |
What's a Safe Distance to Keep Away From a Rattlesnake?
Getting too close to a rattlesnake you find in the wild is very dangerous. So, it is important to know how close is too close when being near a live rattlesnake.
How Far Can a Rattlesnake Strike?
The distance a rattlesnake can strike is set at a certain portion of its overall size. Most rattlesnakes can strike outwards beyond their laying position between 1/3 and 1/2 of their total body length.
Rattlesnakes usually strike by first coiling up and rattling their tail as a warning. By coiling, the snake has the best possible body position to launch a strike on an animal or threat. However, if they are stepped on, they will strike without giving a warning and then try to flee.
What Is a Safe Distance To Avoid Getting Bitten?
If you come across a rattlesnake, there is a distance that will keep you safe from being bitten. This depends largely on the size of the snake and its relative striking distance.
Since rattlesnakes can strike between 1/3 to 1/2 their body length, keeping at least 6-8 feet away ensures even the biggest ones can't bite you. This is the closest you should get. If you're already within range (like stepping or putting a hand near one without knowing) then move back quickly.
You should also take precautions against snake bites if you are heading out into the woods for a hike or camping. You should wear proper feet and leg protection like snake pants, gaiters or chaps that can withstand rattlesnake bites, thorns and insects.
What will you do if you get bitten by a rattlesnake? Here are some snake bite kits for your pack, car or camp:
As an Amazon Associate, SelectSafety earns commissions from qualifying purchases made through links in this post.
Can Rattlesnakes Jump?
It may appear to the naked eye that a striking rattlesnake is jumping, but this is not true. In fact, rattlesnakes cannot jump, so they rely entirely on their lunging ability to attack.
This also happens very quickly, as rattlesnakes are the fastest striking venomous snakes. If you blink your eyes when one tries to bite you, you may not see it. This is by design as nature has made it so they can catch small prey, such as rodents and birds before they escape.
Will a Rattlesnake Chase You?
Even though rattlesnakes are dangerous, they are not very aggressive by nature. So, if they think you are moving away from them, they will not chase you. The only times they will attack is if they are hunting or feel threatened by a potential predator. In fact, when they bite prey, the animal often gets away and the rattlesnake senses it and finds it incapacitated further up the trail.
What If the Rattlesnake Is Coiled?
If you see a rattlesnake coiled, it could be resting or it could be ready to strike. Do not approach a coiled rattlesnake, even if it is not rattling its tail. This position gives a rattlesnake the best place to launch an attack.
What If the Rattlesnake Is Laid Out?
A laid-out rattlesnake could be relaxing and "sunning" or it could be dead. If it is in the winter and the temperature breifly warms up, it could have left its den for a warming up period outside on a log or open space. In the spring and summer months, it could have gotten wet somehow and wants to dry off and warm up a bit.
However, this also depends on what time of day it is. If you see a rattlesnake laid out in midday during the summer, it might be dead. However, if you see it at dusk when the temperature becomes a little cooler, it could be active and getting ready for a night of hunting. Regardless, you should avoid a rattlesnake if you see it and just leave it alone.
How Fast Can a Rattlesnake Move?
Rattlesnakes can strike very fast, but they actually move more slowly. Humans can outrun a rattlesnake easily if they need to avoid one, and the snake won't likely chase them.
Rattlesnakes can travel around 2-3 miles per hour, but only in short bursts. A running human can move up to 28 miles per hour, with the average person easily being able to outpace a rattlesnake.
A rattlesnake's body movements can be described as several different mechanical motions:
Serpentine Locomotion
Serpentine locomotion, or lateral undulation, is a way of movement where a snake grips the surface irregularities and moves its body back and forth. This is a very fast way of traveling for a snake, but rattlesnakes do not move in this way.
Rectilinear Locomotion
Rectilinear locomotion is how most rattlesnakes travel. This is a straight-body form of travel where most movement occurs using their ribs to push off the ground. This is an inch-by-inch straight line movement which is actually best for being energy-efficient. Large-bodied snakes, such as boas and rattlesnakes, like this form of travel because it tires them out less.
Sidewinding
Sidewinding locomotion is where a snake loops part of its body in a diagonal forward movement and gripping the ground and pulls and flips the rest of its body forward. Most snakes can sidewind for short bursts.
One type of rattlesnake uses this as its primary method: the sidewinder. The sidewinder rattlesnake is a fast-traveling snake that uses its body movement to get across the hot sand and loose gravel in the desert regions of the U.S. southwest. Sidewinders are estimated to travel at 3 miles per hour in short bursts, but usually travel and search for food much much more slowly.
Striking Speed
As mentioned, rattlesnakes are extremely quick at striking and because of this, you may not see them bite you. However, their striking speed depends on how warm the temperatures are.
Western desert rattlesnakes are thought to be faster strikers than prairie rattlesnakes, or those that live in more northern regions.
The Longest Rattlesnake Ever Measured?
There is no official Guinness World Record for the longest known rattlesnake. However, the Eastern Diamondback is the largest rattlesnake species and can grow up to 8 feet long. This means that the largest rattlesnakes can strike at a distance of 4 feet beyond its coiled position. So, if you can stay farther than this distance when you see a rattlesnake, you should be able to avoid being bitten.
Avoiding rattlesnake bites means staying alert when you hike or walk, especially through rocky and grassy areas. Only hike on well-worn trails and follow the trail map. Also, do not sit on fallen logs or stumps without first checking around and inside | eng | bd95b8d9-b535-42af-9b7e-0440acf737f4 | https://selectsafety.net/safe-distance-from-a-rattlesnake/ |
Main content
Staying safe while getting around
Travelling on public transport in Australia is a great way to travel. Driving may also be an option to give you more freedom. Here are some top tips to stay safe while travelling.
Here are some tips on how to stay safe while travelling.
Bus, train, tram and ferries
Public transport can be a great way to get around in Australia. There are lots of measures in place to help keep you safe. These include security officers, guards, help points, good lighting and security cameras.
Follow the below tips to stay safe on buses, trains, ferries and trams.
If travelling at night, plan to travel with someone you know.
If travelling alone at night by train or tram, choose the carriage closest to the driver or guard.
Always stay attentive so you are aware of what's happening around you.
Keep your belongings with you.
Inform the driver if you're feeling threatened by others.
Tell a friend your travel route and let them know when you have arrived.
At night, wait for transport in a well-lit area with CCTV (security) cameras.
Check transport timetables to avoid long waits, particularly at night.
Taxi or rideshare services
Taxis are often the first choice of transport when you arrive in Australia. Rideshare services, such as Uber, are also available. Taxis and rideshare are generally safe in Australia.
Follow the below tips to stay safe in taxis or rideshare services:
Share your location and destination with a friend.
Use an app to order a taxi or rideshare so you can verify the driver and licence plate number; and make sure the driver is taking you where you want to go.
Use a taxi rank, where possible.
Make sure the taxi is registered (unregistered taxis are illegal in Australia).
Sit in the back seat (it is normal in Australia for passengers to sit in the front of the taxi but you do not have to do this).
Always wear a seat belt.
For rideshare trips, make sure the vehicle and driver identity matches what's displayed in your app.
There are different rules across the states in Australia for travelling in a taxi with children using a car seat. For more information see Raising Children Network Car Safety.
Driving and riding on Australia's roads
Driving or riding may be an option to help you get to and from where you live, study or work. Road trips are also a great way to explore Australia. Be sure to check you have the right driving licence before you drive a car.
Road safety is important to remain safe when driving in Australia. You will share the roads with different types of vehicles, pedestrians and even animal wildlife.
Be sure to check you have the right driving licence before you drive a car.
If you have a full Australian driver's licence, you are allowed to drive in Australia.
If you have a valid overseas licence, you may be allowed to drive in Australia.
The rules vary for driving with a foreign licence, depending on which state and territory you live in.
Most importantly, Australians drive on the left-hand side of the road. When driving on Australia's roads always remember to:
Wear your seatbelt. Fines apply for both the driver or passenger not wearing a seatbelt.
Give-way to the right at roundabouts and intersections.
Don't use your mobile phone while driving. Mobile phone use while driving is illegal. Harsh fines and penalties apply. This includes when stopped at traffic lights or stopped in traffic. You can use Google Maps on your phone, but you must not touch your phone while driving. Pull over out of the traffic to check or use your phone.
Don't drive under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Police conduct random breath and drug tests in Australia. The blood alcohol limit for drivers is 0.05. For those on a learner permit (L plates) or on a probationary licence (P1 or P2 plates), the blood alcohol limit is 0.00. Avoid drinking alcohol if you plan to drive.
Always look out for cyclists and pedestrians before you open your door or get out of your car.
Be sure you drive to the speed limit at all times. Speed limits vary from 40 km/hr near schools and up to 100 km/hr to 120 km/hr on freeways. Driving over the speed limit can lead to expensive fines.
Drive to suit the weather conditions. For example, you should drive more slowly in the rain than the speed limit allows.
Check parking signs carefully, especially when in cities or towns. You can park for one hour if the sign is 1P, two hours if the sign is 2P or three hours if it is 3P. Avoid parking for longer than the sign allows, as you could receive a fine. Read the sign to see if you need to buy a ticket.
The use of a car horn is for emergencies. Use your manners when let into a gap in the traffic. Australians often give a small wave to say thank you.
Bicycle, motorbike, scooter, e-scooter or e-bike
Riding a bicycle, motorbike or scooter can be a good way to get around, especially in towns and cities. E-scooter and e-bike shared hire services are available in some towns and cities. The laws are new, so it is best to look up the latest local rules and regulations | eng | 74da856f-f30e-4166-8f35-f6f51a38b42f | https://www.studyaustralia.gov.au/en/life-in-australia/safety-in-australia/driving-and-transport.html |
What is evidence-based practice and why should it matter to behavior therapists? In this episode, listen to Ashley and Katie nerd out about the evidence-based pyramid and the ethics of evidence-based practice!
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What is Mediation? Principles, Types, Steps, & Methods
Mediation is a method of alternate dispute resolution which follows various principles, steps and methods to resolve a dispute. Mediation encourages disputing parties to find their own solutions through informal negotiation with a neutral third party. Mediation is a form of dispute resolution outside the courtroom or tribunal where parties use a third-party neutral to try to resolve their dispute. Mediation is a third-party dispute resolution process. Mediation facilitates hands-on problem-solving. The mediator acts as a referee during the exchange of information, needs, and ideas between the parties. Additionally, the mediator assists the parties in the negotiation process, where cooler heads prevail.
Mediation has many benefits, including providing a cost-effective and relatively quick resolution to a dispute. Mediation also allows parties to maintain control over the resolution process and to reach an agreement tailored to their individual needs and interests. Mediation is widely utilized to lessen the burden on the courts and as a less expensive alternative to litigation for resolving disputes between parties. One of the benefits of using mediation to resolve disputes is that it is less expensive and faster than going to civil court or arbitration. Throughout the negotiation process, it ensures confidentiality. It gives each party more power and a say in resolving their disagreement. It allows both parties to freely express themselves while also preserving the relationship. It creates a welcoming and beneficial environment for mutuality and cooperation.
The steps of the mediation include the introduction of Mediator's and both the parties, where opening remarks are made. Later the parties and mediators exchange information in joint discussions. Each party meets with the mediator privately and jointly to discuss options, find solutions, and resolve impasses. Reaching an agreement or ending the negotiation—is the final step.
Methods of mediation involve Facilitative, evaluative, and transformative mediation. Each method has acknowledged advantages as well as drawbacks. The initial method of mediation, known as facilitative mediation, entails creating a very structured process to aid the parties in coming to a resolution.
Principles of mediation involve, party autonomy, Non-Adversarialism, Responsiveness, and Self-determination. The parties' cooperation and equality determine the outcome: neither party has an advantage in the mediation process, both have equal rights and opportunities, and they work together to reach a mediation agreement. In a dispute, each party is given equal time to express their opinion, determine a list of issues for discussion, assess the agreement's acceptability, and work with a mediator.
What Are the Principles of Mediation?
The Principles of Mediation include Non-Adversarialism, Responsiveness, Self-Determination, and Party Autonomy. The mediation procedure is based on a set of principles that are strictly adhered to by qualified mediators. These principles are effective at resolving disputes because they treat the parties as partners in making an agreement and take into account what each party wants. The principle of party self-determination permits parties to make free and informed decisions during mediation. Party autonomy enables both parties to participate in the dispute negotiation process, fostering voluntarism and freedom in both the process and the outcome.
What Is the Meaning of Non-Adversarialism in Mediation?
Non-adversarialism in mediation entails cooperating to reach the optimal resolution for all parties. It is not a confrontation, trial, or competition between parties. In accordance with the non-adversarial principle, the judge has complete control over the proceedings, and the relationship between principal and contractor is based on a shared goal and the exchange of information. The non-adversarial approach to Mediation views the parties as co-creators of an agreement. In contrast, litigation is explicitly adversarial because each party attempts to impose its perspective on the other. Mediation is intended to result in an agreement rather than a winner or loser. .
Non-adversarialism is necessary in mediation because it assists the parties in coming up with creative and alternative ways to resolve the dispute. The belief that settlements should be brought forth from within by the parties themselves, rather than imposed from without, is central to non-adversarial mediation. The key behavior of non-adversarial mediators is to persuade the other party of the mutual benefit of their requests.
Non-Adversarialism is effective in mediation because it encourages parties to discuss compliance issues to identify and solve them. The procedures are set up and run in a way that ensures transparency for all involved parties.
What is the Meaning of Responsiveness in Mediation?
Responsiveness in mediation refers to the mediator's sensitivity to the parties' needs, concerns, and communication styles. Mediation responsiveness shows a desire to free parties from legal constraints to reach a resolution.
Responsiveness is necessary in mediation because it offers disputants flexibility in the nature of the agreements they reach, allowing outcomes to be tailored to their specific needs and interests.
Responsiveness in Mediation is effective because it emphasizes individualism over collectivism, which spurred its development. The facilitative mediation model addresses party needs and interests. Transformative responsiveness prioritizes participant relational interests.
What is the Meaning of Self-Determination in Mediation?
In mediation, self-determination refers to the act of individuals making free and informed decisions, voluntarily and without coercion, regarding process and outcome.. Mediators trust that parties who create their own solutions are better able to implement them. Instead of relying on a judge, self-determination lets parties choose their agreement.
Self-determination is a fundamental principle of a mediator's work. It structures the process and facilitates an open discussion to help parties communicate and evaluate their options. Even if no solution is reached, parties leave with more information and a better understanding of the conflict, which can help them evaluate their options or find a solution later. This method's mediator is neutral and doesn't give advice. They neither judge nor prescribe.
Self-determination is effective because it allows the individuals the opportunity to define their issues, needs, and solutions and to decide the process's outcome. Conflicts are best resolved by those involved because they have the most insight. Empowering people to find their own solutions makes them more likely to follow through, resulting in better, longer-lasting agreements.
What Is the Meaning of Party Autonomy in Mediation?
Party autonomy is a fundamental principle of mediation that gives the parties involved in the mediation process the ability to shape the process and outcomes according to their own preferences and needs. This includes the selection of the mediator, decision to mediate, designing the process, confidentiality, content of the agreement.
Party autonomy recognizes that the parties are the best judges of their own needs and interests. It empowers them to actively participate in the mediation process and take ownership of the resolution of their dispute. The mediator's role is to facilitate communication and assist parties in reaching a mutually satisfactory outcome, while respecting and upholding party autonomy
Party autonomy is necessary because it is a core tenet of the mediation process which bestows certain contractual freedoms upon the disputing parties. Party autonomy increases predictability and certainty and recognizes that parties may be best suited to choose the legal principles for their contract.
Party Autonomy is effective because Parties hold the final decision making authority to their own disputes. There is no pressure on the parties to reach a resolution within a specific time frame or to reach a resolution at all. As the process is party-driven, the parties have the discretion to draft a legally binding agreement. This freedom, as experienced by the parties during mediation, encourages them to adhere to any agreements they reach at the conclusion of the process.
Party autonomy is effective because the parties involved have final decision-making authority over their own disputes. It empowers the parties to determine the resolution without external pressure or time constraints. The party-driven nature of mediation gives them the freedom to draft legally binding agreements based on their own preferences. This autonomy experienced during meditation increases the likelihood of compliance with any agreements reached by the parties at the end of the process.
What Are the Steps in the Mediation Process?
The mediation process generally consists of a few key steps. The parties must initially agree to the mediation process and the terms of the settlement. The mediators then discuss the dispute with each party separately and in the presence of the other. The mediator assists the parties in understanding each other's interests and encourages them to reach a resolution that is equitable for both parties. Once a resolution has been reached, the mediator then draft a document that both parties can sign and agree to.
Choosing a Mediator or Mediation Service
A mediator or mediation service helps parties reach an agreement by acting as a neutral facilitator. Mediators are often lawyers or retired judges, but they can also be subject matter experts. Unlike an arbitrator, a mediator participates in discussions and seeks a solution. The parties decide the outcome; mediators are neutral.
Mediators bridge interests, define issues, and remove communication barriers to help opposing parties reach an agreement. They moderate the conversation to avoid conflict. Mediators are trained to find neutral ground and offer solutions that satisfy all parties. They can collaborate, communicate, and solve problems.
The following are the criteria for choosing a mediator.
Track Record – The mediator's established pattern of negotiating settlements.
Experience – How long has the mediator mediated? Mediation training? Certification? Were they a Probate Court judge or trust litigator before becoming a mediator?
Personality – A calm, diplomatic, and empathetic mediator can make the process easier
No Personal Interest – No mediator may have a financial or personal stake in the outcome of a dispute.
The parties are more likely to reach a well-reasoned, well-informed, and agreeable settlement with an expert mediator than with a mediator who hasn't been tried and tested in the subject matter.
This approach has transformed land, property, and construction mediation. Fewer parties are willing to accept the "hands-off" facilitative model, preferring an evaluative process where mediators actively use their expertise to inform, challenge, and offer reasonable settlement terms.
Mediators with technical expertise can quickly grasp the relevant facts and focus on the important issues, and as a result, parties prefer mediators who can quickly grasp the issues and guide the parties to informed decisions
What is the Mediator's Role in the Process?
The mediator's role is to assist the disputants in resolving the issue through a process that encourages each side to air their grievances, identify the strengths and weaknesses of their case, while recognizing that settling for less than desired is the hallmark of a fair settlement. The mediator has no authority to impose a decision; nothing will be decided without the consent of both parties.
The role of the Mediator in the process includes.
oversee and guide the mediation process.
guide discussion between two parties involved in a legal dispute.
frame the issues and help the parties communicate to reach a compromise.
help parties reach a compromise rather than imposing a solution like judges do.
assist in drafting a settlement agreement after parties find a compromise.
Mediators do not make decisions for the parties. However, they are trained to be effective at assisting the parties in identifying out-of-court resolutions.
Mediation is a multi-stage process that is intended to produce results. The mediation process has distinct stages that account for the system's high success rate.
What Are the Steps in a Mediation Session?
A mediation session has 6 steps. First, the parties must consent to mediation and the agreement. After that, the mediators talk to each party separately and together. The mediator helps parties understand each other's interests and encourages a fair settlement. After a resolution, the mediator writes a contract that both parties can sign.
The mediation process includes the following 5 steps.
Opening Statements of the Parties
Joint Discussions
Private Caucuses
Joint Negotiation
Closure
There are many important aspects of these steps in the mediation session, from preparing the client's expectations to knowing the relevant and essential facts of the case.
The mediator's opening statement is an important step in the mediation session, where plaintiffs and defendants meet with the mediator. An informative and productive opening session can help lawyers and mediators have a productive day and resolve the case. An ineffective or contentious opening session can kill any chance of settling the case before mediation begins. Successful mediations have shown several patterns in opening sessions.
Mediator's Opening Statement
In the mediator's opening statement, they introduce the parties involved and describe the mediation procedure. The mediator assists the parties in determining the location, date, and participants of the mediation session. After the disputants are seated at a table, the mediator introduces everyone, explains the mediation's goals and rules, and encourages cooperation toward a settlement.
The purpose of the mediator in the opening statements is to set out the ground rules for the mediation. These ground rules facilitate mediation. The mediator usually lets attorneys confer, but clients must speak when given the opportunity.
The content of the opening statements outlines the role of the participants and demonstrates the mediator's neutrality. Inform parties of mediation's steps. Some mediators comment on the issue and confirm case data if briefs have been pre-submitted. The mediator establishes protocol and timeframe for the session. The mediator's opening statement informs the parties of their rights, expectations, and the mediation process.
Opening Statements of the Parties
In the opening statements of the parties present their respective positions, interests, and objectives for the mediation.
The purpose of the opening statement of the parties is to give each side the opportunity to tell their story uninterrupted. The statement is not necessarily a recitation of the facts, but it is meant to give the parties a chance to think about how they see the issues and to give the mediator more information about how each party is feeling. If lawyers are there and they make the first statement, the mediator will then ask the client to say something. The reason for stating the problem isn't to find the truth; it's just a way to help solve the problem.
The content of the opening statement of the parties includes description of the dispute and its consequences. Most opening statements are short and focus on the most important facts. As much as possible, they are told in chronological order.
Joint Discussions
In Joint Discussions Parties and the mediator exchange information, clarify issues, and identify areas of agreement and disagreement. After each side's opening remarks, the mediator and disputants ask questions to better understand each party's needs and concerns. Mediators translate what they hear and ask for clarification because disputing parties often have trouble listening. Mediators identify barriers and help parties move forward if they get stuck.
The Purpose of the joint discussion is to understand why the two sides have such different views.
The content of the Joint session includes open-ended questions to get to the emotional undercurrents. The mediator will frequently summarize and may repeat to the parties' key concepts. This assists the mediator in establishing rapport with the parties, particularly when a facilitative style is employed. After the joint discussions, the mediator holds caucuses as required.
Private Caucuses
A private caucus is a private meeting with each party to explore options, generates solutions, and breaks impasses.
The purpose of the private caucuses is for the mediator to meet the party privately and find the common goals between the parties. Each side is housed in its own room. The mediator moves between the two rooms to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each position and to make offers. During the time allotted, the mediator continues the exchange as needed. These private meetings are the heart of mediation.
The content of the private caucuses include gathering new information about the interest and concerns of the parties. The information shared in the caucus remains confidential.
After caucuses, the mediator may reassemble the parties for joint negotiations.
Joint Negotiation
Joint negotiation is a process by which two or more parties with different goals and perspectives coordinate areas of interest through concessions and compromise to reach an agreement and make a joint decision about common concerns.The purpose of the joint negotiation is to determine if there is any area of agreement between the parties on any issue.
The content of joint negotiation includes formulating ideas and proposals that meet each party's core interests. The mediator leads the negotiation with all parties present in the same room, or can engage in "shuttle diplomacy," moving between the teams to collect ideas, proposals, and counter proposals.
Closure
The last step of the mediation process is closure, which means either coming to an agreement or ending negotiation without reaching one.
The purpose of the final step is for the parties to come to a written agreement and have each side sign a summary of the agreement.
The content of the closure step includes drafting the terms of the settlement agreement that are acceptable to the parties.
What Are the Types of Mediation?
The 3 main types of mediation are listed below.
Facilitative mediation
Evaluative mediation
Transformative mediation
Each of the above mediation processes is unique, and depending on the kind of conflict they are handling, mediators adopt various strategies.
What is Facilitative Mediation?
Facilitative mediation is a style of mediation in which a professional mediator focuses on creating a voluntary solution between the parties in conflict. This is done by facilitating a structured environment for the parties to express their interests, concerns, and perspectives. A facilitative mediator does not make recommendations or impose decisions on the involved parties.
Facilitative mediation is a guided conversation between two parties and a trained mediator. Facilitative Mediation process looks like this:
Positioning: Each party presents a solution and its benefits. Parties can provide evidence to support their solution.
Bargaining: The mediator compares the two solutions and encourages clients to compromise.
Documentation: The parties write their agreement.
In facilitative mediation, structure can include the mediator asking questions, validating and normalizing the parties' positions, searching for underlying interests, and helping parties find and analyze resolution options.. The mediator runs the process, but the parties decide the outcome.
Facilitative mediators seek informed agreements. They hold caucuses regularly but mostly hold joint sessions so parties can hear each other. They want parties to have major influence on the decisions made, not attorneys.
Facilitative mediation differs from transformative mediation because it focuses on achieving resolution by enhancing the participants' communications and Transformative mediators focus on the nature of the relationship itself.
Evaluative approach differs from facilitative approach because in evaluative approach the mediator evaluates the relative merits of each party's position and in a facilitative approach, the mediator focuses on assisting the parties with communication, as well as structuring and guiding the negotiations, without offering any evaluations or opinions regarding the case.
What are the Benefits of Facilitative Mediation?
Facilitative mediation benefits include the following.
Collaboration between the parties. Because both parties are active participants, they are typically highly invested in the discussed solutions.
Control on solutions. In Facilitative mediations parties propose their own solutions rather than accepting a mediator's advice.
What are the Disadvantages of Facilitative Mediation?
Disadvantages to facilitative mediation include the following.
Imbalances. Since a mediator is neutral, a strong partner may be able to force a weaker party to agree to something they will later regret.
Work. Instead of relying on the professional they've hired, parties must find their own solutions. Both sides may have to spend more time and work on the process.
What Are the Most Effective Uses of Facilitative Mediation?
Facilitative mediation is useful in cases where the relationship is required to be maintained. The Most Effective Uses of Facilitative Mediation include:
Workplace mediations/ Disputes between the employees
Financial or budget disagreements
Prenuptial /Premarital agreements
Financial or budget disagreements
Separation
Family mediations/ Disputes between parents
What is Evaluative Mediation?
Evaluative Mediation is a process in which a professional mediator helps disputants, define topics, create a range of options and solutions for each topic. An evaluative mediator may prompt disputants with advice, ideas, challenges, and advice to negotiate an acceptable solution. The evaluative mediator advises each party on their case's weaknesses and how a judge may rule. Evaluative mediation emphasizes legal fairness and party rights rather than individual interests and desires. In this type of mediation, the mediator presents needs, concerns, and offers to each party without meeting. This prevents emotional arguments.
Evaluative mediation mimics judge-led settlement conferences. Evaluative mediators help parties resolve disputes by pointing out their cases' weaknesses and predicting a judge or jury's decision. Evaluative mediators may give parties formal or informal advice on how to resolve issues. "Shuttle diplomacy" is the norm for evaluative mediators. They help parties and attorneys weigh the pros and cons of going to court versus settling in mediation. Mediation outcomes are shaped by the evaluative mediator.
Court-ordered mediation introduced evaluative mediation. Attorneys choose the mediator with the court and participate in mediation. The parties usually attend mediation, but the mediator may also meet with the attorneys alone. Evaluative mediation assumes the mediator has substantive or legal expertise in the dispute. Most evaluative mediators are attorneys because of their familiarity with settlement conferences and the courts.
For example, Legal rights already define possible outcomes, or a party's perspective on the case's merit or value differs from their own counsel or is open to interpretation. If parties don't interact, it's good. Evaluative mediation tests reality and suggests settlements.
Evaluative Mediation contrasts with transformative mediation as evaluative mediation is frequently used in court-ordered mediation, and evaluative mediators are frequently attorneys with legal expertise in the dispute area. In transformative mediation, mediators empower disputants to resolve their conflict and encourage them to recognize one another's needs and interests.
Evaluative Mediation contrast with Facilitative mediation as evaluative mediation is more adversarial than facilitative mediation. The former is believed to be more distributive, where the emphasis is placed on determining how much of the pie each side receives, whereas the latter is believed to be more integrative, where the emphasis is placed on increasing the size of the pie and allowing each side to receive more.
What are the Disadvantages of Evaluative Mediation?
Prevents Meaningful Communication. In evaluative mediations, the mediator appears to have power, and parties forget that they and the other party have more direct influence over the outcome.
Decreases likelihood by Offering a Settlement Both Sides Dislike. Many evaluative mediators encourage parties to accept a settlement that both sides dislike, unlike transformative mediation, where a good conversation can make everyone happy.
Increases costs because of its Inefficiency. Evaluative mediators often request pre-mediation briefs from lawyers. The parties pay the lawyers and mediator to write and read the briefs. These mediators also charge for full or half-day mediations. Evaluative mediation is less efficient than transformative mediation, which rarely requires briefs and usually lasts 2–3 hours.
Decreases clarity because evaluative mediators carry messages, offers, and persuasion to "move" between negotiating tribes. The sender misleads and the receiver mistrusts. The mediator usually rewards or softens each message in ways unknown to the sender.
What Are the Most Effective Uses of Evaluative Mediation?
Evaluation mediation is used when money is an issue. It is effective in considering mutually agreeable options. It understands the risks and saves the cost of litigation. Evaluative mediation is most effectively used in Intellectual property Disputes, Business Disputes, Commercial Disputes, Employment Disputes, Personal Injury Disputes, and Insurance Disputes.
In Intellectual property disputes, evaluative mediation is used where construction of patent claims needs resolution.
In Business Disputes or acquisitions where asset valuation is crucial. Business valuation expert appointed to help mediators and parties to make informed decisions based on expert evaluation.
In Commercial disputes to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the parties. It helps the parties to understand the risks and costs of Litigation. Commercial Disputes for evaluative mediation include negotiating business contract, partnership, merger and acquisition, and financial transaction.
In Employment disputes, to evaluate potential damages and claims of each party. Examples include wrongful termination, payment, harassment, and discrimination disputes.
In insurance disputes to negotiate a fair settlement by evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of the parties. Examples include include claim denial and resolution of coverage between individuals and insurance companies.
What is Transformative Mediation?
Transformational mediation is a method of conflict intervention that does not seek an immediate solution to the issue. Instead, the mediator typically seeks to foster mutual recognition and empowerment between the parties in conflict. The parties then collaborate with the mediator to determine the most suitable resolution process for their circumstance. Transformational mediation is a process of voluntarily resolving disputes with the assistance of a neutral third party. The central principles of transformative mediation are autonomy, acknowledgment, and self-determination.
Transformative mediators empower disputants to resolve their conflict and recognize each other's needs and interests. Transformative mediation has its roots in facilitative mediation. Transformative mediation empowers parties by acknowledging their needs, values, and perspectives. This mediation method encourages parties to consider the other party's perspective and interests. This requires the parties to meet, with the mediator guiding the conversation and encouraging them to work toward a positive outcome rather than getting sidetracked by minor issues.
Transformative mediation empowers parties to find their own solutions by facilitating communication and understanding. The mediator helps parties improve communication and understanding to improve their relationship. Transformative mediators empower and recognize. The mediator acknowledges the parties' needs, interests, and feelings and empowers them to own the process and results.
The transformative mediation process plays an essential role in helping the parties reach a mutually acceptable agreement. The process of transformative mediation includes the following steps.
Preparation. Transformative mediation begins with planning. The mediator meets with each party individually to explain the mediation process, their role, and the ground rules. The mediator also discusses the parties' goals and interests and identifies possible mediation challenges.
Introduction. When opening the mediation session,y the mediator clarifies the parties' goals and interests and encourages honest communication.
Problem-solving. The parties discuss their concerns and needs. The mediator helps each party express their concerns and understand each other. The mediator finds common ground and proposes solutions.
Relationship transformation. The mediator helps the parties understand and respect their differences. The mediator also helps parties find and build on common ground.
Agreement. The mediator helps the parties negotiate a long-term solution that meets their needs. The mediator helps the parties create a plan to implement and monitor the agreement.
In this transformative approach, the mediator actively supports productive party interaction. Mediators help parties understand their own and others' views as they make decisions. The mediator helps the parties create their own outcomes by helping them understand themselves, each other, and the issues that divide them. The parties' outcomes—whether negotiated terms of agreement, the choice to continue or end a relationship, financial commitments and promises, or decisions to take the conflict to another forum—are their own. The mediator's goal is to help the parties make the best, most confident decisions based on a better understanding of each other and their issues.
In contrast to transformative mediation, evaluative mediation is typically used in court-mandated mediation, and evaluative mediators are frequently attorneys with legal expertise in the dispute area. In transformative mediation, mediators empower disputants to resolve their conflict and encourage them to recognize one another's needs and interests.
Transformative mediation contrasts with Facilitative mediation as transformative mediation focuses on resolving conflicts by enhancing participant communication. Facilitative mediators ask questions that nudge the parties towards a mutually beneficial outcome, whereas, Transformative mediators, on the other hand, focus on the nature of the relationship itself.
What are the Benefits of Transformative Mediation?
The benefits of transformative mediation include the following.
Empowers parties to solve their own problems. This boosts their self-confidence and ability to resolve future conflicts. Transformative mediation empower parties to resolve their own disputes.
What Are the Most Effective Uses of Transformative Mediation?
Transformative Mediation is most effectively used in Workplace Conflicts, Family Disputes, Commercial Disputes, Divorce Disputes and Restorative Justice. Transformative mediation works effectively in the following circumstances.
Workplace Conflicts:Transformative mediation is used to resolve employee-management disputes and improve work environments by empowering parties to solve problems and improving communication.
Family Disputes: Transformative mediation is used to resolve family disputes over inheritance, custody, or property by improving family dynamics through changing the parties' relationship.
Community Disputes:Transformative mediation is used to resolve community disputes like property disputes and noise complaints.
Commercial Disputes: Transformative mediation is used to resolve business-to-business or business-to-consumer disputes.
Divorce Disputes: Transformative mediation is used to help couples divorce and create a co-parenting plan. Transformative mediation can reduce the negative effects of divorce on the parties and their children by transforming their relationship and empowering them to find their own solutions.
How Is Mediation Helpful in the Legal Process?
Mediation is an effective and efficient alternative to litigation, providing parties with greater control over the outcome and an opportunity for a more constructive resolution process. Mediation is more efficient and less costly than litigation. The parties have a stronger voice in resolving their dispute through mediation. Mediation is confidential and can save or heal relationships that are destroyed by litigation.
Historical existence of Forms of mediation in the United States can be traced back to the country's earliest dispute resolution techniques utilized by Native American societies.
The concept of court-sponsored mediation was brought by the early settlers from England. Mediation arose from early 20th-century labor unrest and mid-century social unrest. In the 1970s, courts used it to manage busy dockets. Court and community-based programs grew in the 1980s and 1990s. Mediation allowed party self-determination, creative solutions, and faster response than the courts. Mediation's claims were questioned after research. It showed that mediators prioritized problem-solving and agreement over party self-determination. Mediation models focused on interaction rather than transaction in response to this critique. Transformative mediation unites rhetoric and reality. It views conflict as a human interaction crisis and prioritizes conflict transformation over resolution.
Mediation has gained widespread recognition as an efficient means of reducing court workloads. Here are some current applications of mediation that help alleviate court system strain.
Reducing the Number of Cases That Go to Trial
Streamlining the Court System
Reducing Court costs
Decreasing Court Case Backlogs
As courts have recognized the benefits of resolving disputes through mediation as opposed to formal litigation, mediation's use in the United States has expanded significantly. Mediation plays a crucial role in reducing the burden on courts by diverting cases away from the court system and encouraging amiable settlements.
How is Mediation Helpful to the Court System?
Mediation is helpful in the court system as it helps in reducing the number of cases that go to trial, streamlining the court process, reducing court costs, and decreasing court case backlogs. Mediation is a form of alternative dispute resolution that can be utilized in a variety of civil and family law disputes. However, if mediation fails, parties can still pursue litigation. Mediation does not waive the right to file a lawsuit.
Reducing the Number of Cases That Go to Trial
Mediation helps the court system in reducing the number of cases that go to trial. Prior to filing a lawsuit and even during the trial, mediation is regarded as a recognized method for resolving disputes between parties. Focusing on mediation has significantly decreased the number of pending cases, relieving the courts of unnecessary burden and freeing them to decide cases of public importance that require the court's expertise.
According to court officials, the mediation process expedites the resolution of cases without the need for a trial. Although the process is not new, mediation has become increasingly prevalent.
Mediation is cost-effective and efficient. In states like Florida, most parties mediate their disputes before a court hears them.
Mediation significantly reduces the number of cases that go to trial because it supports voluntary resolution before going for trial. Mediating helps in several ways.
Streamlining the Court Process
Mediation streamlines the court process by facilitating the resolution of disputes between the parties. Mediation supervises the exchange of information and the negotiation process.
• Allows parties to resolve their disputes outside of court in one or more sessions. This saves court time and money.
• Begins the process before a case is filed in court or during pretrial proceedings.
• Enables the parties to decide actively, assisting the judges as the parties retain control over the outcome.
Reducing Court Costs
Mediation reduces US court costs in several ways.
Reduces pre-trial expenses because Parties try not to use words that introduce doubt: might, should, could, tend to etc. If there is even a single case where the statement is true, we can write it definitively. Avoid costly pretrial expenses by mediating early on as Mediation can occur before or during a lawsuit.
Reduces attorney time and costs because in court proceedings attorneys' fees are often a major court cost. Mediation allows parties to negotiate directly. Hence, Mediation significantly cut attorney time and cost.
How is Mediation Helpful in Family Law?
Mediation is helpful in family law because it involves an impartial third party who facilitates communication and compromise between parties in conflict. Family law encompasses all of the following items.
Helps parties find solutions – family mediation involves a series of meetings between the clients and the mediator to improve communication and decision-making.
Facilitate useful discussion and guide family members through brainstorming, experience, and attentive listening to find solutions to various problems.
Helps Clients control the process.t.
Helps parties reach agreements that meet their needs and those of their children.
How is Mediation Helpful in Commercial Law?
Commercial law, also referred to as business law or trade law, is the body of law that regulates the relationships between individuals and businesses engaged in commerce, trade, and sales. It includes contracts, sales, intellectual property, corporate governance, bankruptcy, and international trade, among others.
Mediation helps resolve commercial disputes in the following ways.
Gives parties a private space to better understand each other and discuss resolution options.
Enables parties to communicate and reach a compromise in a non-adversarial environment.
Maintains business relationships to prevent reputational harm and future partnerships.
Less expensive than litigation because the parties share the costs.
Increases convenience for both parties because parties can schedule Commercial Mediation sessions at their convenience. This enables companies to resume normal operations and avoid lengthy disruptions.
Helps in safeguarding trade secrets, business secrets, and negotiation strategies.
Helps in promoting confidentiality by encouraging information sharing without public exposure or competitive harm.
Helps protect businesses' reputations by keeping disputes private.
How is Mediation Helpful in Workplace Law?
Mediation is useful for workplace law disputes through which conflicts between teammates or coworkers of different ranks can be resolved. The body of laws and regulations governing the relationship between employers and employees is known as workplace law. It helps in times of communication breakdown.
Workplace Law mediation helps reduce the circuit court caseload by streamlining numerous employment law disputes, including claims of discrimination, harassment, wrongful termination, wage disputes, workplace conflicts, and breach of employment contracts, are resolved through mediation. It encourages resolution, preserves relationships, and reduces the financial and emotional costs of litigation, thus benefiting both employers and employees.
How is Mediation Helpful in Civil Law?
Mediation is helpful in civil law because it governs private disputes between individuals or entities that are typically non-criminal in nature is referred to as civil law. Contracts, property, torts, personal injury, and family law are just a few examples. Civil law establishes disputing parties' legal rights and obligations and provides conflict resolution.
Civil law mediation helps in the reduction of circuit court caseloads by streamlining various types of civil disputes, such as contract disputes, property disputes, personal injury claims, neighbor disputes, and consumer complaints. It takes a flexible and constructive approach to conflict resolution, focusing on the parties' interests and encouraging cooperation. Civil law mediation, as an alternative to litigation, enables parties to reach timely, cost-effective, and mutually satisfying resolutions while maintaining relationships and minimizing the burdens of the formal legal process.
How is Mediation Helpful in Environmental Law?
Mediation is helpful in environmental law because there are many problems with the justice delivery system that slow down environmental justice. Environmental disputes differ from other private disputes in that they are primarily concerned with land, air, water, and living resources. Environmental law refers to the body of legal principles, regulations, and statutes that address the protection, preservation, and sustainable use of natural resources and the environment. It includes pollution control, biodiversity conservation, land and water management, climate change mitigation, and environmental impact assessments, among many others.
Mediation can be particularly helpful as an alternative to litigation in environmental law disputes. Here are some ways in which mediation can help parties involved in environmental disputes.
Helps facilitate better outcomes because many environmental disputes turn on complex technical issues. Most judges and juries don't have scientific backgrounds, so they decide between different theories by weighing the "credibility" of experts who disagree. The mediators in environmental disputes may hire an unbiased environmental scientist to look at the facts.
Helps the environmental disputes by involving scientists who compare the strengths and weaknesses of different scientific models or meet with the mediator to agree on the facts. This evaluation lays the groundwork for a future settlement, but the parties only have to use it as much as they agree to.
Help to achieve environmental protection objectives more quickly than through adversarial means.
What Are the Alternatives to Mediation?
The alternatives to mediation include Arbitration, Litigation, Collaboration, Conciliation And Negotiation.
Arbitration
Arbitration is a type of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) in which parties settle a dispute outside of court. The parties choose an impartial third party, known as an arbitrator, to hear their case and render a decision. Although the meeting is held outside of court, it resembles a hearing in that both sides present testimony and evidence. The arbitrator's decision is nearly always final, and the courts rarely revisit the matter. The arbitrator reviews the evidence, hears arguments from both sides, and makes a binding decision called an arbitral award.
Differences between Mediation and arbitration include.
Mediation is a non-binding process where a single mediator facilitates discussion and dispute resolution without judging the case. Arbitration is a binding process that replaces the trial with multiple judges (maximum three).
Arbitration is adversarial in nature, while mediation is collaborative i.e. two parties work together to make a decision.
Mediation is a conflict resolution process where an independent third party helps the parties reach a consensus. Arbitration is a private trial where a rational third party hears the parties, gathers facts, and decides.
The mediator helps negotiate in mediation. The arbitrator decides like a judge.
Mediation has one mediator. Arbitration can have multiple arbitrators or a panel.
mediators hear both parties in private meetings. In arbitration, the arbitrator is neutral, and no private communication occurs.
In mediation, the third party serves as a facilitator, whereas in arbitration, the arbitrator acts as a judge to render a decision.
Mediation is informal, while arbitration is formal, like a court proceeding.
The parties control mediation and its outcome. Unlike arbitration, where arbitrators control the process and result.
Mediation may fail, but arbitration always succeeds.
The mediator does not pass judgment, but rather reaches a settlement with the parties' consent. In contrast to arbitration, the arbitrator's decision is final and binding on the parties.
The mediation process concludes when an agreement is reached or when the parties reach an impasse. The arbitration concludes with the delivery of the decision.
Mediation and Arbitration are both Dispute Resolution methods but they differ in their process and approach of resolving disputes.
Litigation
Litigation is the process of settling a dispute through the public court system by filing a complaint and pleading to a judge. It means the process of trying to settle a disagreement through a lawsuit. In Litigation parties present their case to a judge or jury, and therefore the court makes a legally binding decision.
The following are differences between Mediation and litigation.
Mediation is facilitated by a neutral third party, while litigation is decided by a judge or jury.
Different hearing formats – in arbitration, the parties present their case to the judge, who then renders a verdict. In mediation, the parties present their case and discuss settlement options until they agree.
Mediation is private and does not affect legal rights, while litigation is public record and can set a precedent.
In mediation, the parties can choose the mediator or the mediation process. In litigation, parties must use the judge assigned based on availability unless there is a conflict or they want to change judges. Parties cannot choose judges.
Mediation gives parties more control over the process and outcome. Mediation is party-driven, so the mediator listens to and addresses party needs. A judge schedules and rules litigation.
Mediation offers an equitable outcome that litigation cannot. Mediation allows parties to create their own solution, many of which benefit both parties, unlike litigants. In litigation, one-sided relief must be requested and authorized by the rules.
Mediation is usually non-binding unless it includes arbitration. Litigation, however, requires parties to follow court orders. Parties can appeal a litigation decision to another decision maker and hopefully change the order.
Lawyers may be limited in mediation. Lawyers may help present the case, but neutrals often prefer to let parties participate in mediation. Parties usually present cases in litigation.
Unlike mediation, where the parties must resolve the dispute, in litigation, the decision maker issues an order that the parties must follow.
Litigation is time-consuming, costly, and unpredictable, whereas mediation is quicker, less expensive, and more private.
Litigation produces an order that can be appealed but is otherwise final. Mediation produces an agreement that should be followed, but the parties can modify or remove it if it no longer works for them.
Parties can schedule and complete mediation on their own time with the mediator, making it a quick process. The courts and scheduling system delay and lengthen litigation as they try to fit it into their already overburdened schedules.
Mediation is less formal than litigation. Litigation involves presenting the case to a judge or jury and following certain procedures. Mediation is usually a casual conversation.
Mediation and litigation are both methods for resolving disputes, but they differ in terms of decision-making authority, role of the third party, adversarial nature, process control, confidentiality, time, cost, and impact on relationships.
Collaboration
A collaboration dispute resolution method is an approach that involves collaborating with the other party to find a solution to a conflict that is mutually acceptable.
The following are differences between mediation and collaboration.
A mediator helps parties communicate and reach an agreement in mediation. In collaboration the collaboration team includes collaboratively trained attorneys, financial specialists, and others who help the parties reach a settlement.
Mediation requires parties to actively negotiate and discuss to reach a compromise. Collaboration prioritizes cooperation, open communication, and problem-solving to reach a solution.
Mediation parties may bring their own attorneys, but it is not required. In the collaboration method each party has a collaboratively trained attorney who attends team meetings and provides legal advice.
The mediator guides the parties through multiple mediation sessions where they negotiate. The mediator moderates the conversation. However, collaboration involves structured meetings between parties, attorneys, and other professionals.
Mediation is non-binding and the mediator cannot make decisions. While the collaborative team helps parties reach an agreement, attorneys still represent their clients and may offer legal advice.
Mediation agreements are non-binding until they are formalized into contracts or court orders. The participation agreement signed by both parties at the start of the collaboration process sets the framework for the process and may require the collaborative attorneys to withdraw if it fails.
Mediation and collaboration are both methods for resolving disputes, but they differ in terms of adversarial nature, process control, and impact on relationships.
Conciliation
Conciliation facilitates communication, encourages dialogue, and helps parties reach a compromise. A conciliator helps parties reach a settlement in conciliation. A neutral third party, the conciliator, assists the parties in reaching a settlement through negotiation. With the assistance of the conciliator, the parties seek to resolve their dispute amicably. The procedure can be conducted via letter exchange, telephone negotiation, or face-to-face meeting.
The following are differences between mediation and conciliation.
In Conciliation the parties ask the conciliator for a non-binding settlement proposal during conciliation. Mediators, on the other hand, rarely make such a suggestion.
Mediation is voluntary and non-binding. Conciliation can lead to a binding agreement.
Conciliation is more concerned with the relationship between the parties, whereas mediation is more concerned with the outcome of the dispute.
mediation allows participants to make decisions, while conciliation may involve more third-party influence.
In mediation, the mediator helps the parties talk and negotiate, while in conciliation, the conciliator makes recommendations and offers solutions.
Mediation is less formal than Conciliation. Mediation encourages open communication, and the mediator may not be a lawyer. Conciliation is formal and the conciliator may have legal training.
the Mediation process is typically shorter than the Conciliation process. Sessions of Mediation may last a few hours or days, whereas Conciliation may last longer, particularly if the dispute is more complex or contentious.
The mediation process ends with a settlement, but if the parties can't agree, an adjudicator will often force a decision that binds them. The contract is legally binding. Conciliation ends with a settlement. Settlement agreements are binding like arbitral awards.
Mediation and Conciliation are both effective methods for resolving disputes, but their differences in approach and procedure make them more suited to certain types of disputes or parties.
Negotiation
In negotiation two or more parties negotiate to reach an agreement or resolve a dispute. Negotiation includes exchange offers, making concessions, and finding common ground to reach a compromise. A negotiation is a conversation between two or more parties with the purpose of resolving differences, gaining an advantage for an individual or group, or crafting outcomes that satisfy diverse interests. The parties seek consensus on issues of mutual interest.
The following are the differences between mediation and negotiation.
Mediation involves talking to a neutral third party who makes a suggestion that does not have to be followed. Negotiation is when both sides talk directly to each other with the goal of coming to an agreement.
Mediation depends on the parties' willingness to accept the recommendation, while negotiation depends on their relationship.
Mediation involves a third party facilitating discussions and offering solutions. Negotiation is used to reach a mutually agreeable agreement between party representatives.
Negotiation is subjective. Disputants cannot be forced to negotiate and settle. Practically, parties cannot be forced to negotiate by agreement or law. Only willing parties can negotiate. Thus, any party can leave a negotiation without penalty. However, parties can agree or be forced to mediate by law. Failure to mediate first is a contractual breach that results in liability. Thus, party's willingness to mediate participate in mediation may be irrelevant.
In mediation, a third party (the mediator) meets with the disputing parties to try to reach an agreement. But in a negotiation, the disputing parties or their representatives meet to try and find areas of agreement regarding their differences.
During mediation, the mediator offers solutions but is unable to compel the parties to accept them. In a negotiation, the parties adjust their positions and offer solutions for themselves.
Mediation and Negotiation are both effective methods for resolving disputes, but they differ in third-party involvement, process control, relationship and communication focus, formality, and confidentiality. | eng | 2eb4b8ed-35c8-45d9-b439-871b39ea7b93 | https://jonstief.com/divorce/mediation/ |
Beatrice
Meister Bertram von Minden (1345-1415), "The Creation of Adam and Eve," panel from Grabow Altarpiece, now in the Kunsthalle in Hamburg, Germany Love, marriage, sacrifice, procreation: a reflection on the deep meaning of human love and marriage Many schools and universities pride themselves to have finally acknowledged that the difference between man and animals [...] | eng | 31ba069c-a456-425d-a32e-d4ef666d492e | https://insidethevatican.com/tag/beatrice/ |
Mcgauley34327
Writing a thesis statement high school
Teaching thesis statements satisfies the following common core standards and establishes the basis for teaching all the common core standards in writing for all grade levels. W.9-10.1 Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence. Thesis Statement Mini-Lesson - brooklyn.cuny.edu Thesis Statement Mini-Lesson . Lesson Objective . The purpose of this lesson is to provide students with a working definition of a thesis statement while also helping them acquire techniques that will aid them in constructing their own thesis statements. List of Handouts . 1. "Tips for Constructing a Thesis Statement" 2. "Identify the ...
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Writing Workshop: Exploring Argument Flashcards | Quizlet
How to WriteaThesisStatement in HighSchool Essays Your thesis statement is the single-sentence answer to a question or solution to a problem your whole paper will address, so you will need to generate that question orShe also writes about teaching and crafts. Martin was an American Society of Newspaper Editors High School Journalism Fellow. The Right ThesisStatement Can Save You 12 Months in… Write your convincing thesis statement in 5 unconventional steps so you can finish your PhD or Masters thesis 12 months sooner.Whether you are writing your thesis draft or presenting your work, the more concise and clear your thesis statement is, the better your audience will follow you. How to Writea Good ThesisStatement If you have any troubles with writing a Thesis Statement, we are here to help you! The team of highly skilled experts is always available for you!If you want to get a clear picture of a thesis statement definition, you should pay attention to an opening paragraph of any assignment.
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How to Write a Thesis Statement (High School Students): 6 ...
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Writing If you are writing a text that does not fall under these three categories (e.g. a narrative), a thesis statement somewhere in the first paragraph could still be helpful to your reader. 2. Your thesis statement should be specificit should cover only what you will discuss in your paper and should be supported with specific evidence. What is a Thesis Statement? - campbellhighschool.typepad.com High Top Writing: Thesis statement high school custom-writing service
How to Write a Thesis Statement in High School Essays At any point during your writing, you may need to adjust the phrasing of your thesis statement to match the content of the essay. Before you complete the final version of the paper, you can check to be sure that your thesis tells your reader the single idea of the paper, that it provides a position someone might challenge and that you've phrased it powerfully and confidently. How to Write a Thesis Statement in High School Essays | Pen ... How to Write a Thesis Statement in High School Essays Research and Development. Research your assigned topic to narrow the focus. Type of Essay. The type of essay you write will determine the stance of your thesis sentence. Write the Thesis. Use clear, concise language when you write your thesis ...
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For those who want to know how to write a thesis statement, we have compiled this how-to with mainly one objective in view: to help you master your writing skills and find detailed answers regarding writing your thesis statement. | eng | f605d120-e536-4585-9ce8-3ecb1375fc97 | https://writeaaq.firebaseapp.com/mcgauley34327wat/writing-a-thesis-statement-high-school-zyx.html |
some people think that they may be a kind of non-physical phenomena, happening without physical rules, such as occurring in some people but not occurring in some people arbitrarily (unpredictably) and occurring differently among people. This kind of thinking leads to the concept of among people (such as the quale of color C may appear as red in some people but as blue or other colors in other people). However, others believe that qualia are physical phenomena, occurring consistently and unchangeably in people under functional properties, which are properties that are related to their functions, such ineffable, intrinsic, and private [6], irrevocability [7], output flexibility, enduring in short-term memory [7],PQ)
PQ1. Required physical properties.
PQ1.1. Their nature is mental phenomena.
PQ1.2. Their characteristics are phenomenal and consciously experienceable.
PQ2. Observed physical properties.
PQ2.1. Their nature is non-material.
PQ2.2. Their activities are fast, dynamic, and information-intensive.
PQ2.3. Their occurrences are from and their existence is with their specific neural processes, and both are consistent.
PQ2.4. Their places of occurrences are selectively and specifically limited to some specific neural processes.
PQ2.5. Their capacities are limited and identical to those of their specific neural processes.
PQ2.6. Their details are determined by and are identical to their specific neural processes, with definiteness in their structure.
PQ2.7. Their changes are dependent on their specific neural processes.
PQ2.8. Their interactions depend on and are via their specific neural processes.
PQ1. Required physical properties.
Required physical properties are physical properties that qualia are required to possess by their definition. They are as follows:
PQ1.1. Their nature is mental phenomena.
This follows from the definition of quale (section 3.1.): a quale is a mental phenomenon. Physically, because a mental phenomenon is part of a mental process and because a mental process is part of a neural process, this means that a quale must be part of a neural process.
PQ1.2. Their characteristics are phenomenal and consciously experienceable.
This also follows from the definition of quale (section 3.1.): a quale is a mental phenomenon that has consciously experienceable phenomenal characteristics. Therefore, qualia's characteristics must be (A) phenomenal and (B) consciously experienceable. What do these mean physically?
(A) Phenomenal. From section 3.1, phenomenal characteristics are experiential characteristics that are unique and not describable by anything other than themselves. Physically, this means that phenomenal characteristics are something that has the following properties:
A1. They are information about something.
A2. They are indescribable (or ineffable).
A3. They are unique in characteristicsred" (Figure 4.1) is information about the 700-nm light that it is representing, but it is not information about the phenomenal characteristic itself.
In other words, the phenomenal characteristic "red" describes the 700-nm light but does not describe phenomenal characteristic itself. As a result, the consciousness neural process has some information to describe the 700-nm light (i.e., describe it as red) but has no information to describe the phenomenal characteristic.
A2.2 The phenomenal characteristics must not react with anything other than the consciousness neural process. As a result, there are no phenomena other than the experiences that they create in the consciousness neural process to yield information about them. Thus, except for the experiences physical source
A subtler example is the "red" information that is carried on a we can use these to describe the radio wave. But phenomenal characteristics do not react with anything else other than the experiences that occur in the conscious neural process).
A3. They are unique in characteristics.
When the consciousness experiences each phenomenal characteristic, it will observe that each kind (visual, auditory, emotion, thought, etc.) is unique – different from all other kinds. Physically, this means that each phenomenal characteristic is able to induce the consciousness neural process into a unique signaling state that signifies the awareness and experience of the phenomenal characteristic and that is different from all other signaling states so that the consciousness neural process observes it as unique.
Therefore, physically, it can be concluded that the phenomenal characteristics are information about something that is not themselves, do not react with anything other than the consciousness neural process, and are able to induce the consciousness neural process into unique signaling states.
(B) Consciously experienceable. If qualia's characteristics are consciously experienceable, then the consciousness must be able to experience them. Physically, this means that they must be readable by the consciousness neural process and that conscious experiences of them must occur – that is, both the conscious experiences and the conscious awareness of themselves.This is a very important property. It aids in understanding the nature of qualia, conscious experiences, and how they occur.
(*"signal" means "are the information of". Please see D6 require that the signaling state must be the signaling state that signals both the conscious experience and the conscious awareness of the phenomenal characteristics.
In summary, from A1-3 and B, that a quale has consciously experienceable phenomenal characteristics physically means that a quale
must be information about something (A1) that is not itself (A2),
must not react with anything else other than the consciousness neural process (A2),
must be able to induce thePQ2. Observed physical properties.
Observed physical properties are physical properties that qualia are observed to possess. They are as follows:
PQPQPQ or epileptic visual aura, when being stimulated by electrical or magnetic stimulation, etc.) and disappear whenever their neural processes stop creating them (when closing eyes, when having acute bilateral occipital stroke, when being inhibited by magnetic stimulation, etc.), emotion qualia occur whenever neural processes for emotion start creating them (when encountering something fearful, when being stimulated by psychedelic drugs, when being stimulated by electrical stimulation, etc.) and disappear whenever their neural processes stop creating them (when suppressed by cognitive control, when modulated by meditation, when tranquilized by medications, in front of us correctly (even if we did not have visual qualia of them!)**. If such episodes ever occurred, it meant that we sometimes had visual awareness without visual qualia occurring. But this never happened. And this is true for other sensory perceptions as well.
(**Blindsight [10-15] and anopsognosia [16], the conditions that a patient seems to have unconscious visual perception without conscious visual perception and visual qualia, are not evidence that visual qualia do not consistently occur in people with normal visual systems because people with blindsight or anopsognosia have abnormalities in their visual systems.) with normal visual systems talk about visual qualia, there is no surprise or confusion in what the term "visual qualia" refers to. If some people never experience visual qualia, they will not have information about visual qualia in their minds and will not be able to know what the term "visual qualia" refers to. They will certainly be surprised when they learn that other people have something they do not have. They will certainly query what other people are talking about, what qualia are like, and why they do not have these qualia. Philosophers and neuroscientists who do not have qualia will likely report their absence of qualia to the scientific community and formally establish in the literature that some people, such as them, do not have qualia. They will certainly not engage in discussing this matter or participate in doing researches and experiments about this matter seriously as if they had these phenomena without letting other people and the scientific community know that they do not have them. (This is also conversely true for us. If some people say that they have qualia of the blood level of sodium or other blood constituents and are discussing these qualia and doing some researches and experiments about them, we will be surprised and point out to them that we do not have those qualia. We will certainly not engage in discussing those qualia with them comprehensively as if we had the qualia or participate in doing researches and experiments about those qualia seriously as if we had the Therefore, it can be concluded that the absence of visual qualia in people with normal visual systems never occurs and that visual qualia consistently occur in people with normal visual systems. This is also true for other kinds of qualia. (See more discussion about this matter in the section 10.2. Lying Zombie, Chapter 10 ZombiesPQ-evolved circuitries with unique signaling patterns have evolved for qualia to occur.
Moreover, the occurrences of qualia of each kind are specifically fixed and, in effect, which kinds of phenomenal characteristics) occur in which kind of neural processes.
In conclusion, the selectivityandspecificityin places of occurrences of qualia indicate that
– which neural process can produce qualia (or where qualia can occur)PQ, and an auditory quale's sound frequency and amplitude ranges are limited and identical to those of the auditory perception neural processes. If this is not the case, the excess capacity of the quale will be found to exist, such as there are visual qualia occurring outside the visual neural process's visual field or there are auditory qualia occurring above or below the auditory neural process's frequency ranges – which has never been found to occur.
OnPQ2.6. Their details are determined by and are identical to their specific neural processes, with definiteness in their structure or the auditory perception neural process, respectively, and these identical bits of information are contained in the respective neural process. If the quale's details are not determined solely by its neural process and if the quale can have extra details that its neural process does not contain, then there must be some quale's details that are not from its neural process manifesting (such as there must be some extra image manifesting in the visual perception quale even if the object of that image is not seen by the subject) or there must be some quale's details left manifesting after the neural process stops functioning (such as there must be some part of the visual perception quale left manifesting even after the eyes have been closed or the occipital lobes have been destroyed). But these never happen the opposite visual field, visual qualia in the opposite visual field will inescapably lack color-information, resulting in achromatopsia (color blindness) in that visual field [17-20Structure of qualia
One important characteristic of qualia's details is that each kind of qualia has a definite structure, across people. The structure of qualia of any kind consists of
the number and types of components of that kind of qualia and
the spectral characteristics of that kind of qualia.
For example, visual qualia always have a fixed number of components, ***, and their components its*** light spectrum characteristics
Another example is auditory qualia. They always have five components*** of pitch, loudness, timbre, envelope, and duration – which are not equal and not the same as scale along the spectrum. Moreover, the combinations of different musical notes have characteristic results – they result in musical chords, which are distinct auditory phenomena from the musical notes. This is different from the combinations of different colors – they result in just new colors, which are not distinct visual phenomena from other colors.
Thus, although we cannot be sure whether other people experience the same visual or sound qualia as we do or not, we can be certain that the qualia structure (i.e., the number and types of components and the spectral characteristics) are the same across people because, if they were different, we would be able to observe that we had different experiences of the qualia. But such different experiences among people have never been observed, so the qualia structure must be the same across all people. The definiteness in qualia structure(definiteness in number and types of components and definiteness in spectral characteristics) indicates that qualia do not just occur randomly (or arbitrarily) in various details by themselves but that some specific physical factors in the neural processes such as the anatomical arrangement of the neural circuits or the signaling pattern of the neural process must be involved in determining the structure of qualia.
PQPQ cannot experience the red color quale's phenomenal characteristics directly – it has to experience them through the color perception neural process, the consciousness neural process, the qualia structure other properties structure, changes, and interactions are dependent on and determined by their specific neural processes, which are physical processes that can be predictable, their capacities, details, structure, changes, and interactions are predictable. Therefore, it can be concluded that qualia are physical phenomena – phenomena that are governed by physical laws and are physically predictable – that are dependent on their neural processes. This theory asserts this fact as a theorem:
Theorem III. Qualia are neural-process dependent physical phenomena.
The above is the specific form of Theorem III. The basic form of Theorem III can be stated as:
Theorem III. Qualia are physical phenomena.
4.3. Predictions
It will be found that qualia's occurrences, places of occurrences, existence, capacities, details, structure, changes, and interactions are always predictable with physical laws.
A quale (such as a visual perception of a house, a thinking of a situation, or an emotion of happiness) will never be found to occur by itself but will always be found to be created by a certain neural process (such as visual perception neural process, thinking neural process, or emotion neural process). This means that whenever a quale is identified, a neural process that creates the quale will be found. A neural process can be verified to be the one that creates the quale by experiments that manipulate the neural process. If the neural process is the one, there will be corresponding changes in the quale when there are changes in the neural process.
A quale can be created, measured qualitatively and quantitatively, monitored, changed, or destroyed by performing the respective action to only its neural process. These actions to the neural process are both necessary and sufficient for the actions on the quale to occur, and these actions on anything else without having the actions on the neural process will not result in actions on the quale.
In any event or experiment, all predictions that are true for the neural process of a certain quale, such as that the neural process will start functioning, change, or stop functioning, will be simultaneously true for the quale of that neural process, and the changes that occur in the neural process and that occur in the quale of that neural process will be identical in quality, quantity, and temporal pattern. For example, if the neural process changes its function abruptly from processing visual signals of the static, faint, homogenous red color to processing visual signals of the dynamic, vivid, complex movie, the changes in the quale will be simultaneous and identical in quality, quantity, and temporal pattern (i.e., identical changes from homogeneous to complex [quality], from faint to vivid [quantity], and abruptly from static to dynamic [temporal pattern]).
4.4. How to test qualia's occurrences in people
To test qualia's occurrences in people, we use their cardinal property: PQ1.2. their characteristics are phenomenal and consciously experienceable. This means that they can induce conscious experiences of their phenomenal characteristics in people in whom they occur. Such people will have conscious experiences of the qualia's phenomenal characteristics, such as conscious experiences of what it is like to see a red color, to hear a musical note C, to smell a rose odor, to feel happy, and to relive a past event, occurring in their minds. Although they cannot describe what a red color, a musical note C, a happy feeling, etc. are like to those who never experience these phenomena because phenomenal characteristics are indescribable, they can tell that these phenomena are phenomenally different from each other and that there is a unique conscious experience occurring for each of them.
This is in contrast to unconscious experiences, such as of blood level of sodium, cholesterol, hormones, etc. We do not have conscious experience of what it is like to have the blood level of sodium, cholesterol, hormones, etc. at various levels even if we are unconsciously aware of them and react to them all the time. We cannot tell for certain whether there are unconscious experiences occurring or, if they occur, they are phenomenally different from each other or they are phenomenally alike because we never consciously experience them.
So, for any phenomenon in question, we can ask the person the following questions to check whether a quale occurs in that phenomenon:
Does he/she know what it is like to experience that phenomenon, such as does he know what it is like to see the red color and does she know what it is like to have the blood level of sodium at 135 mEq/L? If the answer is yes, then a quale occurs, but if the answer is no, then a quale does not occur.
Is the phenomenon in question phenomenally different from the red color, the musical note C, or the rose odor that he/she has consciously experienced before? If the answer is yes or no, then a quale occurs, but if the answer is he/she cannot tell because he/she does not have anything to compare, then a quale does not occur.
Is the experience of the phenomenon similar to the experiences of various blood levels of sodium, oxygen, or hormones in that he/she is not aware that he/she is experiencing the phenomenon? If the answer is yes, then a quale does not occur, but if the answer is no because he/she is aware that he/she is experiencing something that he/she never does in the cases of various blood levels, then a quale occurs. | eng | 434af945-46bc-43a4-bb8c-396606c49ce7 | https://mindtheory.net/the-1st-ed-chapter-4/ |
Dussehra Celebration In Jaipur
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1. Dussehra's Importance
Dussehra is the most important Hindu festival. The term "Dussehra" is obtained from the Sanskrit language, where "Dasha" means "ten" and "hara" means "defeat," referring to the defeat of the ten-headed demon king Ravana. Because it falls on the 10th day of Navratri, this grand festival is also known as Vijayadashami. The first nine days are known as Navratri, and the tenth day is known as Dussehra.
2. Dussehra's History
The Dussehra festival is associated with beautiful folklore. The story behind Dussehra is that the demon king 'Ravana' kidnaps 'Sita,' Lord Rama's wife. Then Lord Rama crossed over to Lanka with the help of God 'Hanuman' and his small Sena to kill the Demon King Ravana. As a result, Lord Rama triumphed in the battle for his wife. Then, Lord Rama, along with Ravana, assassinated Ravana's brother 'Kumbha Karna' and son 'Meghanada.' Thus, Dussehra commemorates the triumph of good over evil.
3. How do people in Jaipur celebrate Dussehra?
The Jaipur Dussehra festival is marked by the burning of evil. The ritual enacts the Ram Leela by dramatizing the various events in Lord Rama's life. The ritual of burning effigies follows the Ram Leela play and then, Ravana, Kumbhakarana, and Meghnath's effigies have been prepared. These effigies have crackers inside of them. The mesmerizing fireworks and the view of Ravana's burning effigy make the most of this occasion.
4. Dussehra Celebration at the Jaipur Royal Family
Maharaja Sawai Padmanabh Singh of Jaipur performed 'Shashtra Pujan' at City Palace during the Jaipur Dussehra festival. Dussehra rituals include the worship of elephants, horses, palki, and baggie. He performed elephant, Ashva, and Palki baggie pujan at Sarvatobhadra Chowk. The Dussehra Procession of Sitaramji also began from the City Palace. Then, it leads to Vijay Bagh and the Dussehra Kothi.
5. Jaipurites Dussehra Celebration
People worship their equipment on the day of Dussehra or Vijayadashami because it is considered the most auspicious day to do so. On this day, vehicles, machines, motors, and tools are decorated and worshipped. This is due to the fact that these things provide a living and bring prosperity to people and society by carrying out trades and occupations.
6. Jaipur's New Dussehra Tradition
During Dussehra in recent years, a new trend has emerged in Jaipur. People buy Ravana effigies and burn them themselves. Therefore, Ravana Effigies are very popular in Jaipur. On Dussehra, the makers of the Ravana effigy sell them in a variety of locations throughout Jaipur. Ravana Mandi refers to these locations.
7. Best Dussehra Celebration Places in Jaipur
Dussehra has an entirely different flavor when celebrated at some of Jaipur's most popular tourist destinations. Before the pandemic, the following places were famous for Dussehra celebrations in Jaipur. Dashera Maidan, Adarsh Nagar Vidhyadhar Nagar Stadium Arawali Marg, Mansarovar Rashtrapati Maidan, Shastri Nagar Pratap Nagar near Sanganer Ram Leela Ground, Raja Park. | eng | 031dbeea-a379-403a-8ca3-e766bbecd208 | https://ilovejaipur.city/dussehra-celebration-in-jaipur/ |
Play School Interior Design
Daycare Classroom Transformation: Before and After
XIHA
Have you ever wondered what a daycare classroom can become with a bit of creativity, effort, and vision? We'll explore a remarkable daycare classroom transformation from chaos to cohesion in this journey. Witness the incredible before-and-after changes that can take place when educators and caregivers invest in creating an inspiring learning space.
Daycare Classroom Transformation: Before and After showcases a striking evolution. It captures the initial disarray and the subsequent captivating arrangement, revealing how a well-thought-out transformation can enhance the learning environment.
What Is Daycare Classroom Transformation?
Daycare classroom transformation refers to the process of reimagining and redesigning an existing classroom space to create a more engaging and stimulating environment for young children. It involves the strategic placement of furniture, decor, and learning materials to promote active learning, imagination, and social interaction. The goal is to transform a traditional classroom into an inviting and exciting space that sparks curiosity and enhances the learning experience.
How can a daycare classroom transformation benefit children?
A daycare classroom transformation is more than just a makeover; it is a way to create a magical learning space for children. By incorporating engaging and interactive elements, such as colorful wall murals, themed play areas, and stimulating learning centers, we can ignite children's curiosity and spark their imagination.
One of our recent transformations involved converting a plain and uninspiring classroom into a vibrant jungle-themed oasis. The walls were adorned with lush green vines and exotic animals, creating a visually stimulating environment that captivated the children. The addition of a sensory corner with soft cushions and tactile toys provided a cozy and calming space for children to explore their senses.
Did the transformation impact the children's learning?
Absolutely! The transformation had a significant impact on the children's learning and development. The new classroom design encouraged active participation and collaboration among the children. The themed play areas, such as the pretend safari, allowed them to role-play and engage in imaginative play, fostering their social and emotional skills.
Furthermore, the learning centers were strategically placed throughout the classroom, promoting independent exploration and critical thinking. The literacy corner, equipped with a cozy reading nook and a wide variety of age-appropriate books, sparked a love for reading and improved literacy skills in the children.
Research shows that a well-designed learning environment can positively influence children's cognitive abilities and academic performance. Studies have found that children in aesthetically pleasing and stimulating classrooms demonstrate higher levels of engagement, motivation, and creativity. Additionally, a visually appealing environment can reduce stress and anxiety, creating a conducive atmosphere for learning.
What are some other daycare classroom transformations that can inspire?
There are countless daycare classroom transformations that can inspire educators and parents alike. Here are a few innovative ideas that have proven to be successful:
The Underwater Adventure: Transforming a classroom into an underwater wonderland, complete with a submarine reading nook and a coral reef sensory table, can make learning a dive into the deep blue sea.
The Construction Zone: Creating a construction-themed classroom with tools, hard hats, and building blocks can inspire children to become little builders and develop their problem-solving and fine motor skills.
The Outer Space Exploration: Taking children on an intergalactic journey with a space-themed classroom, complete with rocket ship reading corners and a planetarium projector, can ignite their curiosity about the universe.
In Conclusion
Daycare classroom transformations are a testament to the power of creativity and its impact on early childhood education. By reimagining and redesigning traditional classrooms, educators and caregivers create engaging and stimulating environments that foster imagination, curiosity, and learning. The before and after pictures tell a story of growth and transformation – not only of physical spaces but also of young minds | eng | b9964e5d-a38d-4c92-baa3-1c7541a17006 | https://xihamontessori.com/daycare-classroom-transformation-before-and-after/ |
Miningcontinues to be a huge component of the global economy — and in the future,it's likely to only grow larger as the demand for raw materials increases. Thisis troubling for those who care about the environment. Mining can often bedevastating — causing water acidification, soil erosion and the degradation oflocal ecosystems. While some methods h...
Sep 05, 2022· The most visible impact of coal mining is the stripping and clearing of vegetation in areas where mines are active. This can lead to a loss of habitat for local wildlife and a decrease in biodiversity. In addition, …Impact Mining Equipment has, since 2007 become a leading provider of equipment hire, parts and consumables to the underground black coal industry in Australia. Our focus has, and continues to be, on providing …
2 · The projected cost of cleaning up the mine is now $4.38 billion, and the federal government will pay the bill. The remediation project is expected to run until 2038. The study estimated that former owners of Giant Mine made $867 million in profits up to 1998, while tax revenues over the mine's life amounted to an estimated $454 million: $360 ...Apr 11, 2019· The impact of mining on agricultural land. April 11, 2019. 7046. Mining and agriculture are two industries often placed at opposite ends of the spectrum. Politicians like to play the mining card when making promises of better lives for South Africans, since new mines mean more money, more jobs, rural community development, wealth and …
This paper explores the mining sector's impacts on forests, and the potential for 'forest-smart' mining policies and practices to support deforestation-free mineral supply chains. ... Opportunities to mitigate forest impacts become more limited once mines are in operation (as well as more technically difficult and expensive to introduce ...Jun 30, 2003· Environmental and social impacts of mining. Mining is a short-term activity with long-term effects. There can be no doubt that when it takes place in forest zones, it is a factor of degradation. It is calculated that, together with oil prospecting, mining is threatening 38% of the last stretches of the world's primary forests.
Gold mining can have devastating effects on nearby water resources. Toxic mine waste contains as many as three dozen dangerous chemicals including: Mining companies around the world routinely dump toxic waste into rivers, lakes, streams and oceans – our research has shown 180 million tonnes of such waste annually.Mar 24, 2021· Mining can impact local communities both positively and negatively. While positive impacts such as employment and community development projects are important, they do not off-set the potential negatives. We have found mining can negatively affect people by: forcing them from their homes and land. Room and pillar mining method - …
Jul 02, 2022· 1. Erosion. One of the effects of mining on the environment is erosion. The enormous Ok Tedi Mine in Papua New Guinea is a perfect example of how nearby areas can be significantly impacted by the erosion of exposed slopes, mine dumps, tailings dams, and the resulting siltation of drainages, creeks, and rivers.This inherited legacy of environmental damage from mining is not indicative of the mining cycle today. Now, mine closure and a number of activities to mitigate the impacts of mining are an integral part of all metal mine planning and mineral development from the discovery phase through to closure: Reclamation. Soil treatment.
This report presents the results of RMF's recent study on harmful economic, environmental, social and governance (EESG) impacts associated with a sample of 38 large mining companies (i.e., those included in the RMI Report 2020 ). These companies together account for approximately 28 per cent of global mining production, collectively covering ...Effects Of Mining on the Environment and Human Health Impacts of strip mining: Strip mining destroys landscapes, forests and wildlife habitats at the site of the mine when trees, plants, and topsoil are cleared …
Jan 21, 2022· 4 Conclusion. Mining has a tremendous impact on the economic, social, and environmental fabric of the surrounding area. Mining activities contribute to economic development in the area, but they also degrade the land, causing ecological and socio-economic issues. Mining harms the ecology as a whole.The Iron Mountain Mine or Richmond Mine's 4,400-acre land has been mined for many resources such as iron, copper, gold, silver, and zinc for more than 100 years until mining operations halted in 1963. Even after mining in the Richmond mine was stopped, the mining activities have left the mountain fracturedQ. 7 Major Impacts of Mining and Dam Building on Environment Ans. Since industrial revolution, mines and dams have become essential drivers for economic growth. The second half of twentieth century has witnessed a massive increase in mining operations and dam constructions, especially in developing countries. Although both mining and dams …
May 10, 2018· On the other hand of the spectrum, negative aspects of mining are present. These factors include environmental degradation, displacement of communities, and possible exploitation of workers. Puts Community At Risk. Large-scale mining can fully exhaust a site's natural resources. Miners often have to use equipment to dig deep into …Mar 28, 2022· The Effects of Air Pollution on Workers' Health In Different Work Places. Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 1(4), s. 190–198. UNEP. (2020). Sustainability Reporting in the Mining ...
Nov 17, 2022· By 2007, on the northern flank of the mine in a sinkhole, at the lowest point of the mining lease (sim) 20 m in depth, a man-made reservoir was formed, where acidic mine waters are discharged at a flow rate of 120 m 3 /h . The treatment system includes a neutralization station where acidic mine waters are mixed with lime milk.The environmental impacts from mining include: Destruction of natural habitat. Oil, fuel and chemicals spills contaminating surrounding soil, rivers and groundwater resources. Air pollution from mining processing operations. Drainage and runoff from mining sites, including acid mine drainage.
Apr 03, 2022· The impact of mining operations on the surrounding land is also closely linked to the ecological setting of the mining sites. For example, the deforestation of …Gold Mining. As gold is a precious metal found in small quantities, gold mining operations tend to cover wide areas and thus can inflict environmental damage over a geographically wide area. Gold mining tends to have huge negative implications on the environment, from digging out huge pits to disposing of leftover chemicals and tailings. | eng | 186c1c08-aff3-4809-ac6f-87eceb96aa37 | https://asprogres.org.pl/Feb-10+35369.html |
As part of the Irish cuisine, Boxty is a traditional potato pancake that is usually eaten as a part of everyday breakfast. With St. Patrick's Day right around the corner, you can prepare a Boxty dish to start off the festivities in the morning and right before drinking all that beer you usually drink when you celebrate this holiday. In Ireland, Boxty is more regarded as a regular dish that people eat on a regular basis. However, the United States loves celebrating other cultures and St. Patrick's Day is the one they celebrate the most. There is a large and important community of Irish people who came from the old country over a century ago and they have maintained this as one of their biggest traditions.
What is Boxty and what's it made of?
In the most popular version of the dish, the ingredients are basically grated raw potato, cooked mashed potato and flour made into a batter with fresh milk. You need to slow cook it in a pan until the color becomes golden brownish. The other traditional alternatives include the dish bioled and baked. There are other similar versions of the same dish, depending on the country where it's made. In Spain, there is the traditional Spanish potato tortilla but that one has onions and other type of seasoning. Just to give you an example.
Where does its name come from?
Potatoes are the main ingredient of this dish, but they are not native from the United Kingdom. In fact, they were brought in from South America to Europe during the 16th century. Given their appeal and deliciousness, potatoes quickly started forming oart of everyday cuisine in the entire UK. In Ireland, they became a staple of the everyday Irish diet. During the early 19th century, an average adult person was eating a staggering 6kg of potatoes per day. That's a bit much if you ask us. The name Boxty is not very common, it probably derives from the Irish word 'bacstai' or 'Aran bocht-ti', which translates to 'poor house bread'.
What do you eat with Boxty?
Initially, Boxty was included as part of the Halloween feasting but it was later included in the New Year feasting. However, it has slowly become one of the main staples of Irish breakfast that comes with scrambled eggs, salted mushrooms, bacon and bread. It also goes pretty well with poached eggs, poached smoked haddock and parsley sauce. You can eat it with smoked salmon and sour cream. It's basically a dish that goes with any type of breakfast and sometimes even lunch, a great source of carbohydrates. | eng | 9680e3aa-6f2c-4432-8ceb-e1841f798389 | https://www.marca.com/en/lifestyle/us-news/2022/03/18/6233bc02e2704e299c8b459f.html |
Sponsorships and Music Money: A Comprehensive Guide
Sponsorships and music money have become integral components of the contemporary music industry, serving as vital sources of financial support for artists and facilitating their career growth. In recent years, sponsorships in the music industry have witnessed a substantial increase, with artists and brands mutually benefiting from collaborative partnerships. For instance, consider the case study of renowned pop star Taylor Swift's collaboration with American telecommunications company AT&T. This partnership not only provided Swift with significant financial backing but also enabled AT&T to tap into her massive fan base, resulting in increased brand exposure and consumer engagement.
Understanding how sponsorships function within the realm of music is crucial for both aspiring and established musicians alike. This comprehensive guide aims to explore various aspects related to sponsorships and music money, offering insights into their significance, types, benefits, challenges, and strategies for effective sponsorship acquisition. By delving into this subject matter academically and objectively while providing real-world examples where applicable, readers will gain a deeper understanding of how sponsorships can impact an artist's career trajectory and financial stability within the ever-evolving landscape of the music industry. Moreover, this guide endeavors to shed light on the intricacies involved in managing sponsorships effectively to maximize mutual gains between artists and sponsors while maintaining artistic integrity.
Types of Sponsorships in the Music Industry
When it comes to sponsorships in the music industry, there are various types that musicians can explore. One example is product sponsorships, where a musician partners with a company to promote their products or services. For instance, imagine a popular guitar player endorsing a renowned guitar brand by showcasing their instruments during concerts and featuring them in promotional materials. This type of sponsorship allows companies to reach a wider audience while providing musicians with valuable resources.
To better understand the different types of sponsorships available, let's explore four key categories:
Endorsement Deals: In an endorsement deal, a musician collaborates with a specific brand or product and agrees to publicly endorse it. This often involves using or wearing the endorsed item during performances and promoting it through social media channels. The partnership benefits both parties as the musician gains support from the brand and receives compensation, while the brand gets exposure and credibility through association with the artist.
Tour Sponsorships: Tour sponsorships involve partnering with brands that provide financial assistance for touring expenses such as travel, accommodation, equipment rentals, and marketing efforts. These partnerships allow artists to focus on their performances without worrying about logistical challenges or budget constraints. In return, sponsors benefit from increased visibility at concerts and other related events.
Event Sponsorships: Musicians can also secure sponsorships for specific events they organize or participate in. Companies may offer financial support or contribute goods and services in exchange for branding opportunities at the event venue, promotion through advertisements, or inclusion in press releases. Such partnerships help create memorable experiences for both artists and attendees while offering exposure to sponsoring entities.
Artist Development Sponsorships: Many aspiring musicians struggle financially early in their careers when trying to establish themselves professionally. Artist development sponsorships bridge this gap by providing funding for recording sessions, production costs, marketing initiatives, and mentorship programs. Through these collaborations, emerging talents gain access to necessary resources, enabling them to focus on their craft and accelerate their growth.
By understanding the various types of sponsorships available in the music industry, musicians can strategically choose partnerships that align with their goals and aspirations.
How to Secure Sponsorships as a Musician
Having discussed the importance of sponsorships in the music industry, let us now delve into the various types of sponsorships that musicians can explore to enhance their financial prospects. To illustrate this further, we will consider a hypothetical case study involving an up-and-coming indie band called "Harmony Junction."
Corporate Brand Partnerships:
One common type of sponsorship is through corporate brand partnerships. These agreements involve musicians collaborating with brands for mutual promotion and marketing. For instance, Harmony Junction might partner with a popular clothing company to feature their merchandise in music videos or during live performances. This not only provides financial support but also grants exposure to a wider audience.
Endorsement Deals:
Another avenue for securing sponsorships is through endorsement deals. In such arrangements, musicians become ambassadors for specific products or services relevant to their target audience. As an example, Harmony Junction could endorse a musical instrument manufacturer and receive free instruments in return while promoting them on social media platforms or at concerts.
Tour Sponsorship:
Tour sponsorship plays a vital role in supporting musicians during extensive tours by covering expenses like transportation, accommodation, and equipment rentals. In our case study, Harmony Junction may secure a tour sponsorship deal with an energy drink company that caters to young concert-goers, creating brand visibility throughout their nationwide tour.
Sponsorships offer numerous benefits for musicians:
Financial stability allows artists to focus more on their craft.
Increased exposure leads to potential growth in fan base and record sales.
Access to resources like studio time or high-quality equipment enhances creativity.
Networking opportunities provide connections within the industry.
Table – Benefits of Sponsorships:
Benefit
Description
Financial Stability
Ensures regular income stream allowing artists to invest in their careers
Enhanced Exposure
Reaches wider audience, increasing brand recognition and fan base
Access to Resources
Provides valuable resources that may otherwise be unaffordable for artists
In conclusion, sponsorships come in various forms and offer unique advantages to musicians. By exploring corporate brand partnerships, endorsement deals, and tour sponsorships like the ones exemplified by Harmony Junction's hypothetical case study, artists can tap into financial support, exposure to broader audiences, access to essential resources, and networking opportunities within the music industry.
Now let us turn our attention to key factors that musicians should consider when entering sponsorship deals
Key Factors to Consider in Sponsorship Deals
Securing sponsorships as a musician is crucial for generating additional income and increasing visibility. In this section, we will explore key factors to consider in sponsorship deals that can help musicians maximize their revenue potential.
To illustrate these factors, let's consider the hypothetical case of an up-and-coming indie rock band called "The Soundwaves." The band has gained significant local popularity through live performances and social media presence but lacks the financial resources to fund their first album production. They decide to seek out sponsorships to cover the costs and gain exposure.
When approaching potential sponsors, it is important for musicians like The Soundwaves to ensure alignment between their brand and the sponsor's values or target audience. For example, if The Soundwaves predominantly appeal to environmentally conscious young adults, securing a sponsorship deal with an eco-friendly clothing brand would be more effective than partnering with a fast-food chain. This strategic alignment enhances credibility and increases the likelihood of attracting fans from both sides.
Additionally, considering the terms and conditions of a sponsorship agreement is essential. Musicians must assess whether they are receiving fair compensation for promoting the sponsor's products or services. It is also vital to negotiate any exclusivity clauses carefully since too many limitations may hinder future opportunities with other sponsors. By striking a balance between monetary gains and artistic freedom, artists can maintain integrity while benefiting from partnerships.
To further highlight these considerations, here are four key points every musician should keep in mind when entering into sponsorship agreements:
Relevance: Ensure that the sponsor aligns with your music genre or target audience.
By considering these factors and adhering to a well-informed decision-making process, musicians can secure sponsorships that not only provide financial support but also align with their artistic vision.
Maximizing Revenue through Music Sponsorships
Transitioning seamlessly from the previous section, let us explore how artists can maximize their revenue potential by leveraging music sponsorships. To illustrate this point, consider the hypothetical case of a rising indie band called "Harmony Junction." They recently secured a sponsorship deal with a popular energy drink company for their upcoming national tour.
One key strategy for maximizing revenue through music sponsorships is to focus on targeted brand alignment. By aligning themselves with sponsors that share similar values or target demographics, artists like Harmony Junction can establish stronger connections with their fanbase. This enables them to tap into new markets and potentially reach audiences who may not have discovered their music otherwise.
To effectively leverage sponsorships, it is crucial for artists to actively engage with fans through various channels. Social media platforms provide an excellent avenue for promoting sponsored events or products while also fostering a sense of community among followers. Additionally, maintaining open communication with sponsors ensures that both parties are aligned in terms of goals and expectations throughout the partnership.
Moreover, expanding beyond traditional forms of sponsorship can greatly enhance an artist's revenue streams. Collaborating with brands on exclusive merchandise or limited edition releases creates additional value for fans and increases the desirability of such offerings. By utilizing these opportunities strategically, artists can generate substantial income while simultaneously strengthening their relationship with sponsors.
Credibility boost: Aligning with reputable sponsors enhances an artist's credibility within the industry.
Incorporated table:
Sponsorship Benefits
Description
Increased revenue
Additional income streams
Expanded fan base
Access to new audiences
Enhanced branding
Association with reputable brands
Creative collaborations
Opportunities for unique projects
Transitioning smoothly into the next section, it is important to recognize that sponsorships have a significant impact on artists' careers. By leveraging these partnerships effectively, musicians can propel their careers forward and achieve long-term success.
The Impact of Sponsorships on Music Careers
Transitioning from the previous section, where we explored strategies for maximizing revenue through music sponsorships, it is crucial to understand the significant impact such sponsorship deals can have on an artist's career. To illustrate this, let's consider a hypothetical case study involving a rising indie-pop band, 'Harmony Avenue.'
As Harmony Avenue gained traction with their eclectic sound and captivating performances, they attracted the attention of a major beverage company seeking to align their brand with emerging talent in the music industry. Upon securing a sponsorship deal with this company, Harmony Avenue experienced several notable benefits that positively influenced their music career.
Firstly, sponsorships provide financial support that enables artists to invest in various aspects of their careers. With the influx of funds from the beverage company, Harmony Avenue was able to upgrade their equipment and studio facilities, enhancing the quality of their recordings and live shows. This improved production value elevated their overall appeal as musicians and allowed them to reach wider audiences.
Secondly, partnerships with reputable sponsors grant artists valuable exposure and access to new platforms. Through collaborations with the beverage company, Harmony Avenue gained opportunities to perform at high-profile events sponsored by the company itself or its affiliates. These appearances exposed them to larger crowds and opened doors for future bookings at prestigious venues and festivals.
Thirdly, sponsorships often come bundled with promotional campaigns that leverage both traditional advertising channels and digital media platforms. In Harmony Avenue's case, the beverage company launched an extensive marketing campaign featuring advertisements starring members of the band alongside popular celebrities. This increased visibility not only helped raise awareness about Harmony Avenue but also expanded their fan base across different demographics.
To further emphasize the impact of sponsorships on music careers, below is a bullet point list highlighting key advantages:
Increased financial resources for investment
Enhanced credibility and reputation through association with established brands
Access to new performance opportunities
Expanded reach through targeted advertising campaigns
Moreover, a table summarizing the benefits of sponsorships in music careers is provided below:
With these advantages in mind, it becomes evident that sponsorships have a profound impact on music careers, propelling artists like Harmony Avenue towards greater success.
Transitioning seamlessly into the subsequent section about "Case Studies: Successful Sponsorship Campaigns in Music," we will explore real-life examples where sponsorships played a pivotal role in shaping the trajectory of renowned musicians' careers.
Case Studies: Successful Sponsorship Campaigns in Music
Sponsorships have become an integral part of the music industry, providing artists with financial support and opportunities to expand their reach. This section will delve into the various ways sponsorships impact music careers, exploring both the benefits and potential drawbacks.
One notable example of a successful sponsorship campaign is the collaboration between renowned musician John Legend and beverage company Coca-Cola. Through this partnership, Legend not only received substantial financial backing but also gained access to Coke's global marketing platform. This allowed him to reach a wider audience, boosting his visibility and enhancing his brand image.
The Impact of Sponsorships on Music Careers:
Financial Support: One major advantage of sponsorships for musicians is the monetary assistance they provide. Sponsors invest in artists by offering financial resources that can be utilized for recording albums, organizing tours, or even upgrading equipment. This financial backing often allows artists to focus more on their craft without worrying about the financial burden associated with pursuing a career in music.
Increased Exposure: Collaborating with sponsors can significantly enhance an artist's exposure within their target demographic or beyond. Sponsors often have extensive networks and platforms that allow musicians to connect with new audiences through advertising campaigns or endorsement deals. This increased exposure can lead to growth in fan base size, social media following, and overall recognition in the industry.
Brand Alignment: A crucial aspect of successful sponsorship partnerships lies in finding brands that align well with an artist's personal values and musical style. When there is synergy between an artist's image/message and the sponsoring brand's identity, it creates authenticity and credibility among fans. This alignment helps maintain public perception while attracting new listeners who resonate with both the music and the brand being endorsed.
Creative Opportunities: Sponsorship collaborations can present artists with unique creative opportunities outside their usual realm of work. For instance, fashion brands may invite musicians to design merchandise lines or participate in fashion shows, allowing them to explore new artistic avenues and expand their creative horizons.
Sponsorship Benefits
Examples
Financial Support
– Recording album expenses – Tour funding
Increased Exposure
– Advertising campaigns – Endorsement deals
Brand Alignment
– Synergy with artist's values/style – Authenticity
Creative Opportunities
– Fashion collaborations – Cross-disciplinary projects
In conclusion, sponsorships play a pivotal role in shaping the trajectory of music careers. They provide not only financial support but also opportunities for increased exposure, brand alignment, and creativity. By strategically partnering with sponsors that complement their musical style and personal ethos, musicians can leverage these collaborations to propel their careers forward and achieve greater success within the industry. | eng | eb745e9b-fb61-49d4-8b72-22b2c8611187 | https://lullabysongsnet.b-cdn.net/sponsorships/ |
Solar Powered Carport Systems: Cost Efficient and Necessary
Many homeowners use carports to protect their vehicles from the elements like sun, rain and snow. But what if you could use your carport for a dual purpose? By adding a solar powered system to your carport, you can further utilize this structure as a means of gathering energy.
Solar Technology
Because solar energy is still more costly than other energy sources like coal, it is still not used as often here in the United States. Additionally, the process of making solar crystals is still slightly complex further limiting its use. Nonetheless, great strides are being made in the advancement of solar power. Therefore, in the future it will likely become a leading energy source.
Energy gathered via solar systems produces zero emissions making it environmentally friendly. Additionally, it is free to use as it comes from the sun. And when the sun hits the roof or outer walls of the structure, it then converts into heat. Exceptions to this is when the building is made of a penetrable material that takes the sun's heat and then makes it into an electrical current.
How It Works
Solar power begins with a simple cell. This cell contains crystals that absorb light that later produces these electrical currents. The electrical currents evolve when electrons within the atoms begin to move around as a result of sun light. Similar to photosynthesis, solar cells create a current that is transferable for future use as an energy source for an appliance or battery.
Solar Power History
In the past, solar technology used silicon crystals to produce energy. Nonetheless, these crystals were expensive to produce because of size. They were however extremely effective in converting light into electricity. Today's crystals used in carport solar systems are actually thinner, more flexible and cheaper to produce. But despite their affordability, they are not quite as efficient as the older, traditional silicon crystals used in solar technology. Despite these drawbacks, solar powered carport systems are still cost effective. Along with getting quality covered parking, you can also produce energy from this same structure. And because frame systems and solar panels receive the same depreciation benefits, solar panels offer a great advantage.
Cost and Efficiency
Panels used to make our solar powered covered parking systems are more efficient than other brands. When the cells of these panels come in contact with light, they are able to convert a little over 20% of it into reusable energy; as opposed to more cheaply produced cells that convert a maximum of 18% of light it intakes. Although even higher quality solar cells known as silicon solar cells (like the ones used with satellites) can convert as much as 50% of light into electrical power, we have opted to use a middle of the road product to save on costs.
Ensuring Sufficient Energy
Unfortunately, your solar panels may not always provide enough energy for your household. Consequently, it may be necessary to supplement with other energy sources such as those provided by a power company. One strong option is a photovoltaic system which supports your solar carport system by providing energy when it cannot. This includes days when there is limited sun.
In this case, the grid-tiered solar system works in conjunction with a standard electricity line. And when there is no more energy in the solar system, the electricity will kick in. Gratefully, the power company can only charge you for the amount of power you use, and should you produce more energy and the grid have a surplus, you may actually receive a credit on your bill.
Installing a Solar Parking System
Location is vitally important to your producing solar energy. Consequently, when installing your carport, be sure to choose a space where there is lots of sun. Additionally, the panels will be more efficient when facing south, towards the sun. Before placing your order, we will need to know your design plans along with the weight and dimensions of each PV panel. We must also know how you plan to layout the carport including the angle of the panels in order to get the most sun exposure. | eng | f2fb9cbb-84f4-4459-a8a3-27417ba0469a | https://www.absolutesteeltx.com/solar-powered-carport-systems/ |
Study: Violence in U.S. linked to easy access to firearms, not necessarily mental health
New research shows that the United States has dramatically higher homicides relative to all other developed nations – with most attributed to firearms – and the data shows the problem is growing. The research shows that rates of firearm homicides are as much as 97 times higher than the UK, for instance.
However, data from Sapien Labs shows, that on mental health, the U.S. fares somewhat better.
Tara Thiagarajan, chief scientist at Sapien Labs, said the data exploring links between mental heath and gun crime shows that access to firearms is the main difference between the U.S. and the other countries in the study.
"The data suggests that the U.S. has more firearm deaths mainly because it has more firearms," said Thiagarajan. "There are four to seven times as many civilian firearms per 100 people in the U.S. compared to all other developed countries. This likely lowers the barriers to use of firearms in violent ways."
In other words, less availability to firearms in other countries means less gun deaths. The study also found that mental distress did not necessarily play a factor in firearm homicides.
"What it tells us is that simply having severe mental distress or even strong feelings of aggression does not simply translate to firearm homicides or deaths due to physical violence," said Thiagarajan. "The main difference between the U.S. and other countries is not the level of mental distress or aggression but rather the ease of availability and permissiveness around firearms."
Oftentimes, after a mass shooting or public shooting, experts immediately place the blame on mental-health issues. Thiagarajan said that isn't necessarily the case based on their data.
"One hypothesis has been that mental health issues are the primary cause of shootings in the U.S.," she said. "This data shows a lack of evidence in this regard and suggests that improvement of mental health, while very important in its own right, is not likely to have much impact on the rates of firearm deaths due to physical violence within the current context of firearm availability."
The findings were a surprise initially to researchers.
"The issue is that the gun environment in the U.S. is so outsized compared to all other developed countries," she said.
She gives this analogy for understanding the findings: "If you looked at the relationship between overall physical prowess of a population and the number of Olympic medalists of countries, you would expect to see a correlation where the greater the physical prowess of a population, the more Olympians it will produce. However, this would only be true if countries have comparable environments for sports. If one country has seven times the sports equipment, facilities and coaches compared to all the other countries, of course it will produce more Olympic athletes, even if its population on average is a little less physically strong. This is because people who may have had a slight inclination to sports would be far more likely to take it on in an environment with a lot of opportunities around."
It seems to be a similar thing with gun violence in the U.S.
"Those with a slight inclination towards gun use and violence find an environment with far more opportunity to act," she said.
The research revealed:
Out of 32 countries presently tracked by the Mental Health Million project, the United States ranks #8 in firearm deaths due to physical violence after Venezuela, Guatemala, Colombia, Mexico, Ecuador, Iraq and South Africa.
In terms of mental wellbeing, the U.S. ranks #7 in terms of the percentage distressed or struggling with their mental health. However all but one of the countries with poorer mental wellbeing had substantially lower rates of firearm deaths due to physical violence.
Among 18-24 year old males, who are the highest risk group of committing firearm violence, the U.S. ranks 17 out of 32 in terms of the ratings of aggression and violence towards others in the MHQ. Of the 16 countries with higher ratings of aggression and violence than the United States, only four had higher firearm deaths due to physical violence than the U.S.
In the Core Anglosphere (Anglo-Saxon English speaking countries), the United States had the ranks highest in mental wellbeing and comparably in terms of the percentage of the population with high aggression, but 8 to 10 times higher firearm deaths due to physical violence.
Altogether at a country level, there was no significant relationship between the rates of firearm-related deaths due to physical violence and (i) poor mental wellbeing, (ii) the rates of clinical mental distress, and (iii) levels of self-reported problems with aggression and violence.
On the other hand, we point out that suicide rates, sexual assault, and physical assault are all significantly correlated with poor mental wellbeing.
Sapien Labs is a nonprofit organization founded in 2016 based in the Washington, D.C. area. In 2020, they launched an initiative called the Mental Health Million Project to map the evolving wellbeing of the global population | eng | 517f5880-794b-4c61-84ab-a420df2afb6d | https://augustafreepress.com/news/study-violence-in-u-s-linked-to-easy-access-to-firearms-not-necessarily-mental-health/ |
04/03/2012
Pink slime: a media-generated crisis?
"Pink slime" - sounds disgusting, doesn't it? And yet Americans have been eating it for some time. If you've been following the media buzz lately, you'll be aware that "pink slime" is a derogatory term coined by a USDA microbiologist in 2002 (that's right, 2002 - pink slime was approved for use in 2001) to refer to the filler made from beef scraps and connective tissue. The recovered product is heated, processed, and treated with ammonia gas to kill contaminating organisms before being ground, pressed into blocks and flash frozen. The product is considered safe for use by the USDA, although other countries such as Canada and the United Kingdom don't allow it.
The controversy seems to have begun with a series of news broadcasts by ABC last month that featured a "whistle-blower" and "shocking revelations". The public outcry was so great that almost immediately major grocery stores such as Safeway and Vons and fast food outlets such as Taco Bell and MacDonald's announced that they were discontinuing the use of the additive. The result was that in a matter of weeks the manufacturer of the filler, Beef Products, Inc. announced that it was suspending operations at three of its four plants but would continue to pay workers for 60 days. Yesterday, AFA, one of the largest beef processors in the US filed for bankruptcy.
So what's going on here? I'm not debating the merits of this particular additive but rather looking at this from a crisis management perspective. The use of "lean, finely textured beef" has been going on for more than ten years, with estimates that over 70% of the ground beef sold in US supermarkets contain the additive. The product is made from beef, admittedly of low quality, and, one could argue, makes more efficient use of the meat. It can only make up 15% of the product. Ammonia, which seems to make people cringe, is a naturally-occurring product and found in beef. As early as April of 2011, celebrity chef Jamie Oliver premiered his second season of Food Revolution with an expose on pink slime. So why now?
I think there are several reasons for the immediate and savage public outcry. First, there's what I call the "ick" factor - this just sounds plain disgusting to the average American. (One can but hope that they never do an expose on sausage making.) The term "pink slime" contributes to this sense of this somehow being something unsafe for human consumption. It's catchy and it resonates. Secondly, you have a major network breaking the story and keeping the focus on in it for several weeks. Third, there is the whiff of scandal - the USDA undersecretary who approved the use of the filler left to join the board at BPI and made over a million dollars during her tenure there. Finally, there was no labeling and this is probably the worst thing for the average American - we don't like to feel like we've been cheated.
One wonders, though, if we'd still be eating pink slime if the USDA had required "lean, finely textured beef" to be noted on product labeling. | eng | 9fcee316-de0a-459f-a811-8dcacf4d894d | https://freeresources.luciencanton.com/2012/04/pink-slime-a-media-generated-crisis.html |
MedSchoolGenie
PBL: Teaching method at UK medical schools
Below is a listing of UK medical schools using the 'Problem-based learning' (PBL) teaching method.
Medical schools that use PBL have students learn about a subject through the experience of solving an open-ended problem found in trigger material. This process encourages medical students to develop skills used for their future practice.
"PBL is a very patient-oriented approach and students can expect to see patients right from the beginning of their course. Students are given medical cases to resolve and learn from, guided by group work with a tutor as well as self-directed learning. Group work, on top of academic and clinical learning, helps students develop communication, teamwork and problem solving skills, personal responsibility and respect for others.... There is [typically a] blended approach with more interaction from facilitators and the provision of lectures and seminars etc. to support the individuals learning."
For more information about usage of this teaching method at each school, follow the link to view its full medical school profile and check its 'Teaching and Learning' section | eng | 1e7d1f7c-ae71-4645-8ff0-b32d160b9ae3 | http://medschoolgenie.co.uk/teaching-method-uk-medical-schools/pbl |
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Electric Circuit and it's Components
Aug 20, 2022
Key Concepts
After this session, the student will be able to
Symbols for various electrical components
Source
Conductor
Switch
Introduction:
A complete pathway that allows electrons to flow is called an electric circuit. The components included in an electric circuit are a battery, connecting wire, switch and any electric load. In this section, we are going to draw this electric circuit in our notebook by using symbols.
Explanation:
Electric circuit
A complete pathway that allows electrons to flow is called an electric circuit. The components included in an electric circuit are a battery, connecting wire, switch and any electric load.
The direction of the flow of electrons in an electric circuit is from the negative terminal towards the positive terminal of the battery. The electrons start from the negative terminal and move through the conducting wire. Since the repulsion force is felt by the electrons in the front from the electrons at the back so the electrons in front are pushed such that they reach the positive terminal, and the circuit is complete.
Source:
Source is the source of electric energy in an electric circuit. It has a positive and a negative terminal. Current flows from the positive terminal of the battery towards the negative terminal of the battery, whereas the direction of the movement of electrons is opposite to the flow of the electron, that is, from the negative terminal of the battery towards the positive terminal of the battery. Examples of sources are cells and batteries.
The symbol for a battery is made by joining two or more symbols for a cell together.
Conductor:
The wire through which electric current flows is called a conductor. It is made of a conducting material that allows the electric current to flow through it. There is no positive or negative terminal in a wire.
Switch:
A device that can switch the circuit on or off by closing or opening the circuit is called a switch. There is no positive or negative terminal in a switch.
Symbol used for switch is
When the key of the switch is open, it makes the electric circuit open.
When the key of the switch is closed, it makes the electric circuit close.
Drawing a circuit diagram:
Circuit symbols are used to represent the electrical components of a circuit. While drawing the circuit diagram the following steps should be done.
Draw the circuit symbols first, then
Draw all the connecting wires.
Draw the diagram using a ruler.
Make all the connecting wires and leads straight lines with corner angles as 90 degrees.
Do not cross any of the conducting wires.
Questions and answers
Question 1: Draw an open electric circuit using bulb, battery and wire using the circuit symbol.
Answer:
Question 2: Draw a closed electric circuit using bulb, battery and wire using the circuit symbol.
Answer:
Summary
Electric circuit has four basic components
a. Source-cell, battery
b. Load-bulb, heater, motor, geyser
c. Conductor-wire
d. Switch – can be off or on
The symbol for the electric circuit components are
Cell
Battery
Wire
Switch on
Switch off
Electrons are pushed by each other resulting them in reaching the positive terminal | eng | bbe5388f-ad76-47f8-a011-6ba01074ead6 | https://www.turito.com/learn/physics/electric-circuit-and-its-components |
East Midlands had the lowest inflation in the past 12 months
UK inflation is rising at its fastest rate for 30 years. Last January, the Office for National Statistics (ONS) published the latest inflation numbers. The Consumer Prices Index (CPI) rose by 5.5% in the 12 months to January 2022. This is the highest rate since official numbers were released in January 1997.
We receive the same message with the Consumer Prices Index that includes owner occupiers' housing costs (CPIH). It is the most comprehensive measure of inflation, which was reinstated in July 2017. It extends CPI to include a measure of the costs associated with owning, maintaining and living in one's own home, known as owner occupiers' housing costs (OOH), along with council tax. The CPIH rose by 4.9% in the 12 months to January 2022. Like with the rise in CPI being the highest in the past 30 years, the rise in CPIH is the highest recorded in the National Statistic series, which begins in January 2006.
While data from the ONS plots a picture at the national level, it remains silent as far as the regions in the UK are concerned. Do different regions suffer disproportionately? Which region experienced the fastest rising prices?
To answer these questions, we need to estimate the regional inflation rates. The ONS provides us with a breakdown of how each category of goods and services contributed to the overall inflation rate. According to this data, the largest contributor to the CPIH 12-month inflation rate was housing and household services, mainly due to the increase in the cap on energy prices, which changed on 1 October 2021.
We would also need to know the share of expenditures across different regions in the UK. The latest records of such data were provided by the ONS in 2018.
With the regional expenditure share and the price increase in each good and service category, we can estimate the overall price increase in each of the regions in the UK. The highest rise occurred in London while East Midlands and Wales had the lowest 12 month-rate CPIH. There is one caveat with the numbers in this approach. The estimated numbers rely on the expenditures share in 2018, which might be different from the current one.
Although the 12-month CPIH rate rose the highest in the past 15 years, there are signs that inflation might slowdown. Both the national 1-month CPI and CPIH rates recorded negative values, at -0.2 per cent and -0.1 per cent respectively. Our estimated numbers show that there is a large regional variation. The largest drop in 1-month CPIH rate was in Northern Ireland. East Midlands was also among the regions with the large drops in inflation. London might have experienced the smallest decrease. | eng | 52f10d5a-e530-461c-a14e-f849b70494fb | https://emedr.dmu.ac.uk/east-midlands-had-the-lowest-inflation-in-the-past-12-months/ |
While it was observed in 2021, new research has been revealed which shows it's much larger than anyone first thought.
The new study which will be published in the science journal Astronomy & Astrophysics estimates that it's a staggering 85 miles wide.
Comet Bernardinelli-Bernstein is much larger than the likes of Comet Hyakutake, picturedBill Ingalls/Creative Commons
Samantha Lawler, who is an astronomer at the University of Regina but played no part in the research, said: "It's huge. It's by the far the biggest comet that's ever been discovered."
The comet has had an interesting history, having first been inadvertently spotted by astronomers during a survey of galaxies in the deep cosmos back in 2014.
It was identified as being 1.8 billion miles from the sun last year. It comes from the Oort cloud, which is a sphere of icy objects surrounding the solar system – which is the origin of many comets.
Bernardinelli-Bernstein won't come any closer to Earth than the orbit of Saturn in 2031, about a billion miles away.
Thank goodness, really.
The comet is being observed by measuring its "thermal flux" to record how much heat is coming off it.
"This is one way we can find out how big something is in the outer solar system without sending a probe there," Lawler said.
Meanwhile, it was recently reported that a near-Earth comet which created a devastating airburst over North America 1,500 years ago, may have caused the rapid decline of Hopewell culture, an ancient pre-Columbian Native American civilisation.
Have your say in our news democracy. Click the upvote icon at the top of the page to help raise this article through the indy100 rankings. | eng | 12491aad-6a71-4123-8fc0-dd23e46e957a | https://www.indy100.com/science-tech/comet-bernardinelli-bernstein-wide-large |
Colorful Tricolor
A little under 3 feet tall (1meter), with a wingspan about the same the Tricolor is midsized within the heron family. Like most herons they are solitary except during breeding season.
What I never realized until recently is how they tend to stay along the coast line only even though they have a range from the northeast US on down through South America. It is actually considered to be a 'threatened species…but aren't we all now.
Colorful Tricolor
This photograph was taken near the Georgia, South Carolina border salt marshes. | eng | eec894b0-3b63-4858-abf2-6be9fe86c1f5 | https://tpjphoto.net/2023/08/02/colorful-tricolor/ |
Mount Kenya University Nine Students Flagged off to Climb Mt. Kenya
A team of nine students jointly from Mount Kenya University and University of Nairobi have today (14th July 2022) left to scale Mt. Kenya in promotion of good health and wellbeing of young people an initiative by UNESCO through O3 Plus project. The students who have been join by Staff from the three partners were flagged off yesterday at a ceremony conducted at Taifa Hall, University of Nairobi.
The group was flagged off by Prof JAGANYI and Prof. Kiama, MKU and UoN Vice Chancellors respectively, Dr. Medhin Tsehaiu, Kenya UNAIDS Country Director, Festus Jera, Ministry of Sports, Culture and Heritage and Hugue Charnie, UNESCO.
The O3 plus Campaign aims at promoting the health and well-being of University students and youth in general. In particular, the campaign addresses mental health, reproductive health, Gender based violence. It also promote sport as a factor to good physical health.
Beginner to Mount Kenya in 90days, started on 26th of April and the first hike on Mount Kilimambogo on 30th of April. It was then followed by the hikes of Kijabe hills, Mount Longonot, Elephant Hills, The Mackinders and Mount Satima. The climax would be a four day hike to Mt. Kenya, Lenana peak.
The 90days preparation, has helped both the students and staff to endure, harsh weather and build their resilience. At the end of the campaign the students would be able to conquer the Mountains of their own lives. | eng | 596abb9f-7fa2-4b32-893b-aea14ae0f1f0 | https://africanuniversities.org/nine-students-flagged-off-to-climb-mt-kenya/ |
Tips to keep kids healthy this school year
Protecting your children's health can be a challenge, especially when they're around other kids at school, on the playground, or during sports. But with these easy tips, parents can help keep their kids healthy and strong, even in dirty environments. Say goodbye to those sick days, and hello to a thriving immune system!
Eat Balanced Meals
Maintaining a balanced diet is essential for keeping our kids healthy throughout the school year! Eating fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins provides them with all the vitamins and nutrients they need to power through long days of learning. Avoid sugary drinks and processed snacks, which can cause energy crashes mid-day as well as affect children's overall health over time. Make sure that your kids are getting enough calcium by offering them dairy products like milk or yoghurt too!
Exercise Daily
Exercising daily keeps kids' bodies strong while also helping them focus mentally in the classroom. Encourage physical activity throughout the school day by making sure they get enough breaks to move around – even if it's just walking laps around the playground during recess or doing stretches in the hallway during passing period. For after-school activities, look for sports teams or classes that focus on building strength & stamina as well as developing motor skills!
Get Enough Sleep
Sleep plays an important role in maintaining good overall health – especially for kids who are growing & developing rapidly! Set a consistent bedtime & stick to it so your child gets enough rest each night (generally 8-10 hours for school-aged children). It's also helpful to cut out caffeine late in the day & limit screen time before bed so your child isn't exposed to disruptive blue light emissions from technology devices – this will help ensure they fall asleep quickly & stay asleep until morning!
Develop Good Hygiene Habits
Good hygiene habits should be taught early on in life – brushing teeth twice a day, properly washing faces & taking regular showers help keep bacteria away from our skin & prevents germs from spreading among family members or classmates at school. Be sure to use unscented soaps with no added dyes when possible (you can find these items easily through an online pharmacy) – this will help reduce any skin irritations that may develop due to harsh chemicals found in scented products. Additionally, teach your kids about proper nail care – trimming nails regularly can reduce the risk of infection from dirt under fingernails!
Stay Active Outside
It's important for children to take a break from screens & engage in outdoor activities too! Taking walks together as a family or going biking on weekends is beneficial for both mental health & physical well-being – it gives us an opportunity to explore nature while spending quality time together away from distractions like phones or televisions inside our homes. Additionally, exposing ourselves to sunlight helps provide much-needed Vitamin D that can improve our moods & even prevent seasonal colds!
Taking care of our children's health and well-being is one of the most important things we can do as parents. By following these simple tips, you'll be able to keep your kids healthy this school year and beyond! From ensuring they get enough sleep each night, eating balanced meals throughout the day and encouraging physical activity both in & out of school – there are plenty of ways to help them stay on track with their overall health. With a little effort & dedication from all parties involved, your family will be ready for success no matter what comes their way during this new school season! | eng | 6a2aa0fd-25df-43c9-ae09-bf6496f021bc | http://mrsmagovern.com/education/tips-to-keep-kids-healthy-this-school-year/ |
Select the size based on whether the video you want to edit is horizontal or vertical.
Basically, choose the size based on whether the video you want to edit is horizontal or vertical.
Click [New Project
[Click "New Project.
Filmora has been launched.
How to load video media files
Next, import the video material you wish to edit into Filmora.
Click [Import media files here
[Click "Import media files here.
Select the video material you wish to use for editing and click [Open].
When the window appears, select the video material you wish to use for editing and click "Open. To select multiple videos, hold down [Ctrlr] on the keyboard while clicking.
The selected video file is now loaded into Filmora.
How to insert a video file into the timeline
Click and hold on one of the loaded video files and insert it into the [Timeline] at the bottom of the screen.
Click and hold on one of the loaded video files and insert it into the "Timeline" at the bottom of the screen.
[Media matchClick on the "OK" button and you're good to go.
[Media resolution or frame rate does not match current project settings. Change so that project entertainment matches?"] may be displayed.
This means that the size (4K, Full HD, etc.) and frame rate of the video you are about to create does not match the size and frame rate of the loaded video material. Do you want to fix it?The following is a list of the most common problems with the
Basically, the [.Media matchYou can do this by clicking on the "OK" button.
If your video material is a mixture of 4K and Full HD sizes or a mixture of 60 and 30 frame rates, decide which one you want to match and change it.
How to adjust the length of a video file
Next, let's shortly edit the video file inserted in the timeline.
Click and hold on the right edge of the video file bar and move it to the left.
Click and hold on the right edge of the video file bar and move it to the left.
The video file is now shortened to the position where it was moved.
The leftmost head can be shortened in the same way
The leftmost head can be shortened in the same way.
How to cut and split a video file in the middle
Video files can also be split in two in the middle, for example, in the middle.
Click around the seconds display at the position where you want to split the video.
Click around the seconds display at the position where you want to split the video, and a red vertical line will appear.
Click on the [scissors symbol] on the timeline.
Click [scissors symbol] to split the video file in two.
Click [scissors symbol] to split the video file in two.
How to delete unwanted video files on the timeline
Right-click on the video file and select "Delete
Right-click on the video file and select "Delete.
Unwanted video files have been removed from the timeline.
Note that the original video material will not be lost if the video is deleted or cut short in video editing software.
However, please note that deleting a video stored on your computer will cause errors in the video data loaded by the video editing software.
How to change the order of videos on the timeline
Grab the newly loaded third video with the left click and move it between the first and second videos.
Add about two new video files.Let's grab the newly loaded third video with the left click and move it between the first and second videos.
The position of the video has changed.
How to enlarge or reduce the timeline for easier viewing
When multiple videos are inserted into the timeline, the files on the timeline may be too short or too long to view. So, let's zoom in and out on the timeline to make it easier to see.
Click the [+ button] in the upper right corner of the timeline
Try clicking the + button in the upper right corner of the timeline. The video file will be enlarged or reduced in size.
Conversely, the [- button] will reduce the display, and clicking the [⇔ symbol] will automatically zoom in and out optimally.
Use this feature to frequently edit to the most visible display size.
How to play videos on the timeline
Play and check the videos once you have them lined up on the timeline.
Click the "Play" button in the playback window. The video will play.
If there are any areas of concern, edit again. If all is well, you're done with your cut edits!
How to save your video project
Select "File" from the menu in the upper left corner of the screen and click "Save Project As...".
Save the project file in any location and under any name. If this project file remains, you can exit Filmora once and edit the same data again.
Video editing is very computer power intensive and may freeze or force close depending on your computer environment. Be sure to save frequently. | eng | e711af07-ef24-4d88-ae80-0dbbe0658fa5 | https://www.cca-forum.org/en/how-to-use-filmora-11-also-explains-how-to-download-it-for-free/ |
Weld Heliotropism
The Sunflower (helianthus annuus) is famous for its ability to track the sun over the course of a day.
A less well known, but quite abundant plant, called, 'Weld' (Reseda Luteola) also displays this ability. It is an effect known as 'heliotropism'.
Weld thrives in ex-industrial areas, in disturbed ground (it loves old bomb craters) and by roadsides, as in this picture. It has been used historically as the source of a bright yellow dye. It is also very useful for natural navigators.
In this picture, which I took outside the wonderful Welsh Food Centre last week, we are looking East; the weld is curved towards the south. | eng | 14ddbe6a-40f9-4fd4-8a38-ec659ea7448d | https://www.naturalnavigator.com/news/2014/10/weld-heliotropism/ |
Measures for Securing Data in IT Devices
Data IT security is important for both home and business computers. Client information, personal files, payment information and bank account details is information that can be difficult to replace. Furthermore, if such information lands in the wrong hands it can prove potentially dangerous to the company, exposing it to misrepresentation and fraud. Data lost because of a disaster such as fire or a flood is crushing, but data that is lost to a malware infection or hackers can have major repercussions. The result would be the loss of millions of dollars in the form of law suits.
Risk assessment
Data IT security starts with a risk assessment. This allows the organization to name the risks that they are faced with and the consequences in the event that valuable data and information is lost through malware infection, a system crash or theft. Other potential threats that can be identified with a risk assessment include physical threats like malicious damage, theft, power outage and/or fire. Human error like unintended data disposal, input errors or mistaken information processing is also identified.
Furthermore, exploits from other malicious activities such as corporate espionage is identified. Risk assessment also helps to identify areas that are vulnerable and helps to develop strategies that can secure the data system. The aspects that should be considered are the persons who have access to the data; persons who use the internet and email systems; the firewalls & anti-malware solutions; and properly staff training as well as enforcing data security.
Securing data
Once the risks have been assessed and a plan drafted, it gets to the point of putting the data security system into effect. This is in light with the fact that data and information can be compromised. The most effective security against theft or misuse involves the combination of a well informed staff, physical security and technical measures. Clearly defined policies should be implemented into the infrastructure and effectively presented to the staff.
Some of the things to do include protecting the office with monitoring systems and alarms; enforce internet access restrictions; keep computers away from public view; update the anti-malware solution; make sure the operating system is updated; use backup energy sources; and fight hacking attacks using intrusion detection technology.
Mobile data security
Laptop computers and hand-held devices are popular within the business environment. But these mobile devices pose more risks to the organization because they are prone to damage and theft. Therefore, effective safeguards should be implemented, in addition to the measures listed above, including regular backup data; activate password protection when the gadget is left alone; never leave the gadget alone; and transport the gadget using its protective casing.
Related Articles | eng | 0b7e97c0-ea5f-4a9e-b036-8b14bb4de310 | https://www.popularnow.xyz/index.php/2022/03/08/measures-for-securing-data-in-it-devices/ |
Abstract
title = "Depressive symptoms among dance artists in South Korea: Balance between self- A nd social identity on job value",
abstract = ".",
N2AB | eng | ea89f379-415e-4dde-9232-869bcd121829 | https://yonsei.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/depressive-symptoms-among-dance-artists-in-south-korea-balance-be |
Fire Ants
Fire Ant Overview
Fire ants are one of the most severe insects that ever occurred in the United States. They are believed to arrive from shipped agricultural goods from an infested country. This insect is most common in South America but is not found at all in North America. Nevertheless, fire ants can be found anywhere in any country. They can be harmful to people, animals and crops not to mention their ability to destroy the whole ecosystem.
Appearance, Habitat & Behavior
Fire ants are very small with only 2-6 mm length; however, there is a variation of size in one nest. They have a reddish brown head, darker abdomen, an elbow-shaped antenna with 10 segments, and 3 pairs of legs.
Several ant species create a nest with entrance and exit holes but fire ants build theirs without a single hole. Their nest is characterized by a round shaped dirt formation on the ground that can be either soft or hard and mostly found in the garden, around tree logs and rocks.
Fire ants are defensive and aggressive when it comes to their nest. When their nest is suddenly hit, they move out and attack everything near them. They can sting an individual repeatedly. Stings from these ants can cause an itchy red spot to form and a burning sensation.
Life Cycle
A mature colony produces female and male alates. They mate in flight and the male alates die after. Female alates will start a new colony when a suitable nest is found. This new queen will lay 10-20 eggs within the first 24 hours and the eggs hatch after 6-10 days. The larvae go through 4 instars within 2 weeks or less before turning into pupae. After 9-16 days, new ants emerge as workers. The development from being an egg to ant can take a month to complete. The queen continues to lay eggs which are taken care of by the new workers. Queen can lay up to 800 eggs and with 7 years of life, she can have more than a hundred thousand workers.
Damages & Injury
Fire ants feed on fauna such as spiders, lizards, bird, frog and mammals. Their nest could be a big problem on lawns while feeding on seeds and tunnelling through the plant stem can cause serious damages. Fire ants also attack people, leaving them with red pustules and pain. The worst possible problems they can cause is destroying irrigation and harvesting equipment as well as attacking newborn animals by stinging their eyes that can lead to blindness.
Control
When you see a fire ant nest, keep distance because this insect is capable of hurting humans. Consult a pest management professional for the control methods you can do to eliminate them in your yard − two = one | eng | 7f1ff896-319b-4bb7-a8c0-a62a5e1f843b | https://www.fleminglps.com/pest-species/fire-ants/ |
Ear infections can be quite serious for a cat. If the infection is left untreated, your cat could be left with permanent ear damage.
With that in mind, you need to be extremely vigilant when monitoring the heat of your cat's ears.
If you notice any significant changes or excessive scratching around the ears, you might need to take action.
A veterinarian will be able to treat the infection. Once treated, most viral ear infections clear up after one or two days. If left untreated, the infection could last for over a week.
It's also important to note that the infections caused by bacteria are usually a lot more severe than viruses. Injury and inflammation usually accompany this sort of infection.
#3 Heatstroke
Another common cause of hot ears in a cat is heatstroke. Humans and cats don't respond to heat in the same way.
While humans easily adapt and cope with a change in temperature thanks to the sweat glands found all over our bodies, cats are slightly different. Cats only have a handful of sweat glands found around their nose and feet.
Because of this, most felines rely on panting and external cooling to lower their temperature. This, along with their long, furry coats makes the cat much more susceptible to heatstroke.
On top of that, indoor cats find it much harder to lose the heat from their body than outdoor cats.
This increases the likelihood of heatstroke and often results in most indoor cats having a much higher temperature than their outdoor counterparts.
If you suspect that your cat is suffering from heatstroke, you have the responsibility as a cat owner to do something about it. Luckily, the solution is quite easy.
To protect your pet, ensure they have access to a well-ventilated room. This will give your cat an area where it can cool down. You should also ensure that it always has access to cold drinking water.
#4 Allergies
Just like us, cats can suffer from allergies.
In fact, there's a good chance your cat's ears could increase in temperature and feel hot to touch if your cat is suffering from an allergy.
This is also very likely if the hot ears are accompanied by redness and excessive scratching. It is important to know that humans and cats react to allergies very differently.
While we react with coughing, red eyes, and sneezing, cats experience a rise in body temperature and itchiness.
There are a variety of different allergens that can lead to your cat's ear rising in temperature. Some of the most common allergens to be aware of include:
Dust
Particles
Diet
Fleas
If you notice your cat's ears becoming hot regularly or other symptoms of allergies, you should take your cat to a vet straight away.
Serious allergies can be potentially fatal. If your cat is continuously exposed to allergens, it will almost definitely fall ill, so be careful.
#5 Warm Body Temperature
Finally, another common reason why your cat might be experiencing hot ears is because cats have a naturally high body temperature.
Most cat owners have worries that their cat's ears are hot when in reality they could simply be the same temperature as normal.
What a lot of owners don't realize is that they don't regularly touch their cat's ears, so how can they be sure their cat has a fever?
The normal temperature for a cat's body is 102.5 °F. That is higher than the normal body temperature of a human but absolutely perfect for a cat.
On top of that, your cat's body temperature will not remain constant all day. Instead, it will fluctuate over the course of the day.
Of course, the temperature of the environment around your cat will also affect things. One important thing to remember is that your cat's ears are more susceptible to temperature change.
This is because the outer part of its ear contains no fat, which makes them very thin. Your cat's tail, nose, and paws are also susceptible to temperature change.
Bearing this in mind, before rushing to any decisions, you should always monitor your cat's temperature first.
What Should You Do If Your Cat's Ears Feel Hot?
Now you know what could be causing your cat's hot ears, let's start looking at what you should do if you notice a change in temperature.
Generally speaking, it's fine for your cat's ears to feel hot. However, if your cat isn't comfortable, you have to act. Your cat's temperature should be spread evenly across its body.
Having said that, you also need to consider that your cat's ears are used to regulate body temperature so its ears might be a little hotter.
For obvious reasons, if your cat has been sitting in the sun, its ears could also be hotter.
Taking all of this into consideration, you should first monitor the temperature of your cat's ears and its behavior before doing anything else.
If your cat doesn't demonstrate any unusual behavior and the temperature doesn't continue to increase, you don't need to worry. Just continue to monitor the health of your cat.
However, if your cat displays signs of discomfort and the temperature continues to rise, you should take your cat to the vet immediately.
The vet can then find out what is wrong and treat your cat accordingly.
How Can You Prevent Your Cat From Having Hot Ears?
Your cat's hot ears aren't necessarily a bad thing. Its ears could simply be hot because your cat has spent time in a hotter room or outside in the sun.
However, that doesn't mean you shouldn't take action to make sure your cat has the best chance of staying healthy.
There is a wide range of simple things you can do to ensure your cat stays healthy and avoids any unwelcome rises in temperature.
One of the easiest things you can do is provide your cat with access to a well-ventilated room and provide it with fresh cold water.
You should also guarantee that your cat has a clean living environment and good hygiene. On top of that, you should give your cat a well-balanced, healthy diet.
Finally, regularly monitoring the health status of your cat will help you quickly identify any potential problems such as heatstroke, allergies, illness, and infection.
Can A Cat Get Hot Ears When It's Stressed?
Interestingly, a cat's ears can become hot when stressed. This is due to physiological changes in the cat's body.
There are a lot of factors that can lead to higher levels of stress in a cat, making it more difficult to identify if that is the problem.
However, one of the most common causes of stress in a cat is a change in environment. This is a very significant factor responsible for the stress most cats experience.
This change in environment can be something as simple as someone new visiting the house or a room being reorganized.
More serious stresses could be caused by the introduction of a new pet or the moving of a house. If stresses aren't dealt with and controlled by the owner, the cat's health will suffer.
Always try your best to keep an eye on your cat's happiness levels. Common signs of stress include:
Restlessness
House soiling
Becoming withdrawn
Lack of sleep
Overly hot ears
Should Your Cat's Ears Be Cold?
Hot ears aren't the only thing that could be a sign that your cat is suffering from some form of illness. Cold ears can also be a sign that your cat isn't feeling right.
As a general rule of thumb, temperatures below 45 °F are considered too cold.
This could be a sign that the home is simply too cold or that your cat has a problem.
Either way, you need to do something about it. First of all, you should start by doing what you can to keep the cat warm.
If the cat seems to be cold as a result of house temperature, try raising the temperature. If that doesn't work, you should most definitely take your cat to the vet | eng | 5ba0e8d3-8c85-4442-9708-8bddc67a8b2d | https://catvills.com/why-are-my-cats-ears-hot/ |
Traditional Japanese Kids Ceremony | Shichi-Go-San
This is the day of ShichiGoSan, a traditional kids ceremony in Japan. We started early in the morning for preparations and tried to get her to wear a kimono, but she didn't want to, so we went to the shrine in her regular clothes and had a prayer. We're gonna spend the day celebrating her growth with our family. ShichiGoSan is a Traditional Japanese ceremony that celebrate the growth of children when they're 3, 5, 7 years old. Most people go to a hair salon to have their hair done and dressed kimono, take pictures at a photo studio, visit a shrine, and have a celebratory meal with their family. See more Shichigosan's Videos Sutan's kimono selection SUTAN with Traditional Hair Kimono or NoKimono, Parents vs Kid See more our lifestyle MOE Music : YouTubeAudio, OtoLogic
How it Works? 1. This is a 5 Week Instructor led Online Course. 2. Course consists of 30 hours of online classes, 30 hours of assignment, 20 hours of project 3. We have a 24×7 OneonAbout the Course AWS Associate Level exam conducted by Amazon Web Services. During this AWS Architect Online training, you'll learn: 1. AWS Architecture and different models of Cloud Computing 2. Compute Services: Amazon EC2, Auto Scaling and Load Balancing, AWS Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk 3. Amazon Storage Services : EBS, S3 AWS, Glacier, CloudFront, Snowball, Storage Gateway 4. Database Services: RDS, DynamoDB, ElastiCache, RedShift 5. Security and Identity Services: IAM, KMS 6. Networking Services: Amazon VPC, Route 53, Direct Connect 7. Management Tools: CloudTrail, CloudWatch, CloudFormation, OpsWorks, Trusty Advisor 8. Application Services: SES, SNS, SQS Course Objectives On completion of the AWS Architect Certification training, learner will be able to: 1. Design and deploy scalable, highly available, and fault tolerant systems on AWS 2. Understand lift and shift of an existing onpremises application to AWS 3. Ingress and egress of data to and from AWS 4. Identifying appropriate use of AWS architectural best practices 5. Estimating AWS costs and identifying cost control mechanisms Who should go for this course? This course is designed for students and IT professionals who want to pursue a career in Cloud Computing. The course is a best fit for: 1. Professionals interested in managing highlyavailable and faulttolerant enterprise and webscale software deployments. 2. Professionals who want Project Experience in migrating and deploying cloud based solutions. 3. DevOps professionals. Prerequisites There are no specific prerequisites for this course. Any professional who has an understanding of IT Service Management can join this training. There is no programming knowledge needed and no prior AWS experience required. For more information, Please write back to us at [email protected] or call us at IND: 9606058406 / US: 18338555775 (toll free). | eng | 5a14607e-4115-45d5-981e-4e5d0ecf7953 | https://sathyasaith.org/ankr-%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD/ |
DEFI Companies set to dominate World Tech and Finance, yet mainstream has no idea they exist
The world of decentralized finance (DeFi) is rapidly evolving, and many unknown companies are emerging as game-changers in the fintech and cryptocurrency sectors.
Unknown DeFi Companies Set to Dominate World Tech and Finance
Innovative Contemporary artists with drive and ambition are examining the rise of such hidden gems within DeFi, digging into their innovative solutions and the potential risks and rewards associated with their products. Additionally, we will provide actionable steps for readers interested in exploring these emerging companies and their growing impact on finance and technology.
0x Protocol: Using the ZRX token, 0x Protocol is an open-source infrastructure for building powerful decentralized exchanges (DEXs) running directly on the blockchain. Their core ethos revolves around promoting fair access to global financial services by providing a range of tools for developers to build on.
Decentraland: Fueled by the MANA token, Decentraland is a virtual world that allows users to create, explore, and monetize content and applications. It facilitates the creation of a decentralized marketplace for digital assets, providing contemporary artists with limitless possibilities in the virtual space.
Filecoin: Powered by the FIL token, Filecoin is a decentralized storage network that converts unused storage space into an algorithmic market. It creates an open-source platform for storing digital assets, aiming to provide a more robust and censorship-resistant storage solution than traditional cloud-based systems do not. Our entire civilization is now one of cloud based data storage only it has yet to be on chain, when the shift comes it will be a Hierogylphic data migration the like of which Terre des Hommes has never seen before.
Aave: Through the AAVE token, Aave is a decentralized lending platform that allows users to borrow and lend cryptocurrencies through a set of smart contracts. By offering an entirely transparent and trusted lending ecosystem, Aave is revolutionizing the way we interact with financial markets.
Cardano: Supported by the ADA token, Cardano positions itself as a third-generation blockchain platform that aims to solve the scalability, interoperability, and sustainability issues faced by earlier blockchain systems. It also enables a diverse range of decentralized applications (dApps) intended to benefit both the individual and the global community.
The Future of DeFi and How to Get Involved
While the growth and innovation of these unknown DeFi companies are undoubtedly impressive, investing in DeFi technology comes with particular challenges and potential risks. Market volatility, security concerns, and regulatory uncertainty are just a few factors to consider when exploring these opportunities.
For those interested in learning more and potentially investing in these DeFi companies or their digital assets, the following actionable steps should be taken:
Research: Use sources like trends.io to stay informed on the latest developments, trends, and market movements in the DeFi space.
Educate Yourself: Gain a strong understanding of blockchain technology, cryptocurrencies, and the unique value propositions offered by each company you're considering investing in. | eng | f98f900a-5c9f-421c-96bc-fa3ca4aa35fe | https://www.moderncontemporaryartworktrends.com/defi-companies-set-to-dominate-world-tech-and-financeed/ |
If your 10-year-old Golden Retriever not eating, it's crucial to address this issue promptly. In some cases, vomiting may accompany the lack of appetite. Learn what could be causing this and how to help your furry friend.
As a pet owner, it can be distressing to see your beloved 10-year-old Golden Retriever not eating and even vomiting.
This article will guide you through the steps to understand, identify, and address the possible reasons behind this issue. Remember, early intervention can significantly improve your dog's well-being.
4. Is it essential to establish a regular feeding schedule for my dog?
5. Why is my Golden retriever not eating lethargic?
Answer: A 10-year-old Golden Retriever not eating and appearing lethargic may be due to various underlying health issues, stress, or pain. It's essential to consult a veterinarian to identify and address the specific cause | eng | 939a9798-e6e3-4ba3-8fd2-f6bc98c82489 | https://goldenretrievercare.com/10-year-old-golden-retriever-not-eating-and-vomiting |
[Pricing Nugget #045] Do You Like Numbers? I Have the Right Price For You.
Do you like numbers? Do you like to do calculations? And do you feel comfortable with numbers in general?
Why I'm asking?
We will find out today.
Are you a numbers person? Do you like to do simple calculations? And you love numbers in general? Why does it matter?
Let us look at the price of $17.99. Prices often end in 99, as we know.
How do customers perceive this price?
Usually, they break them up into two pieces. In the symbolic representation, they see in $17.99 two parts.
The first part is "$17", the second part is "99 Cents".
How do customers perceive these number blocks?
If customers are less numerate, they look at these blocks individually and tend to anchor on the first part, the base. They would encode the price as "$17 and a little bit more."
On the other side, more numerate people would consider the whole number "$17.99", and they would frame it as "$18, the next neighbor minus one Cent."
Why does it matter?
It matters for the following reason: People can process some numbers more fluently than other numbers, and thereby people like these more fluent numbers also more than other numbers.
For example, researchers found out that most people like "16" and "18," and the majority do not like "17" and "19."
If customers look at $17.99, the lessnumerate customers would consider $17.99 as "$17 plus a little bit more," and more numerate customers would consider it as "$18 minus $0.01."
Both customer groups would like the price differently.
Most less numerate people would not like this price too much because they look at the 17, and people do not like 17 too much in general.
And the majority of morenumerate people would like the price because they consider it as 18 and 18 is more fluent than 17 and, therefore, it's more likable.
What did we learn today?
Today, we learned that customers perceive prices differently, and it depends on how numerate your customers are; how much do they enjoy dealing with numbers?
How do you find out what the majority of your customers prefer?
You can look at demographic profiles. For example, research shows that educational status is positively correlated to numeracy and enjoying dealing with numbers.
But my personal hypothesis is that it also depends on the product and service that you are selling. To some products, customers are attracted that like numbers. To other products, they might not enjoy numbers too much.
For example, if you are selling bending machines in a B2B context, you might cater to a different part of your brain than if you are selling a yoga retreat in Bali.
It might be the case that the product and service that you are selling preselect (or self-select) the kind of customers that you attract.
Maybe, B2B buyers are more likely to be "left-brain" customers who are more analytical and numerate. So, for this kind of product and service, a fluent neighbor effect is also more effective.
Customers for a Yoga retreat might be "right-brain" customers who tend to be creative and (might be) less numerate. In this case, a fluent base effect could be more appropriate.
References
Hodges, B. T., & Chen, H. (2022). In the Eye of the Beholder: The Interplay of Numeracy and Fluency in Consumer Response to 99-Ending Prices. Journal of Consumer Research, 48(6), 1050-1072. | eng | a548cd2c-ae56-4bc5-92dd-328e00774a68 | https://pricingnuggets.com/pricing-nugget-045-do-you-like-numbers-i-have-the-right-price-for-you/ |
The critical conversations your legal team needs to have to unlock its potential and stand tall together
The critical conversations your legal team needs to have to unlock its potential and stand tall together
Legal teams face the challenge of managing heavy workloads, navigating competing deadlines, and dealing with various pressures. Amidst these demands, they often overlook the opportunity to optimise performance and achieve better results through enhanced teamwork. Frequently legal teams limit their team dialogue to discussions around work allocation and information sharing, neglecting the key conversations that are crucial for high-performing teams.
In this engaging presentation, Katie Gray, a seasoned lawyer, executive and team coach, shares practical strategies to help your legal team achieve collective results that surpass the sum of each individual lawyer's contributions. By engaging in these critical conversations, you can unlock your team's potential and foster a collaborative environment where success is not only attainable but sustainable.
Katie Gray
Katie Gray is an ICF-accredited executive coach and certified team coach, distinguished by her international top-tier legal training and experience. As a director and co-founder of Coaching Advocates, she has made significant contributions to coaching and leadership development in the legal profession.
Prior to her coaching career, Katie was an award winning banking and finance lawyer, having served as a partner at global law firm, Herbert Smith Freehills LLP. Throughout her legal journey, she practised law in Australia, London, and Singapore, garnering invaluable insights from diverse legal landscapes. Eventually she settled in Auckland, New Zealand, where she established her internationally recognised coaching practice.
Katie strives to cultivate current and future leaders who are committed to creating sustainable, diverse and high-performing teams and workplaces. She is passionate about eradicating toxic workplace cultures and fostering environments where individuals can truly thrive in their professional lives.
Katie's coaching approach is transformational in nature, rooted in her extensive training in ontological coaching. This powerful methodology empowers individuals, teams and organisations to effect profound and lasting change. Through her expertise and guidance, Katie facilitates impactful transformations, encouraging individuals and teams to unlock their full potential and achieve extraordinary results. | eng | 7dacbe86-49fd-4570-91e3-bf16df23a64b | https://ilanz.org/conference-2023/speakers-sessions-2023/critical-conversations-katie-gray/ |
The 15 Best Chromebooks For Kids looking for a device that assists your child's school projects, you should consider investing in the best Chromebooks for kids. A Chromebook is an affordable laptop and can be the ideal play and work companion for children of all ages. It helps your child search for information and data on the internet and learn new subjects.
If you are confused about the features and functionalities of a Chromebook, worry not. We bring you a complete guide about this device and the best ones that you can buy.
What Is A Chromebook?
A Chromebook is a laptop that runs on Google's Chrome operating system and uses the Chrome browser. Since the primary user interface is a browser, the operating system predominantly uses web applications, and most of the data is stored in the cloud instead of the device itself. For this reason, Chromebook is ideal for use at places where there is an active internet connection.
Owing to their limited access to other apps, Chromebooks have been widely used in the education field, where children only need the internet for researching information. The operating system is simple to use and has a fast boot up (start) of just eight seconds.
Chromebooks are quite popular among students and are believed to account for almost 60% of the computers used in schools across the US (1).
This Chromebook from Samsung provides a comprehensive set of features that work for teens and adolescents who need a laptop for more than just browsing.
Pros
The 12.3-inch LED screen boasts a resolution of 2400×1600, which provides excellent clarity. It is a useful feature for kids who want to see every detail of their work.
It comes with a touchscreen and a stylus (pen), which can be used to draw or write on the screen.
The battery life stands at 9.75 hours, which means your child can use the device longer between charges.
The backlit keyboard allows the child to type easily, even in the dark.
Cons
The Chromebook is on the pricey side. It is best suited for older teens since children may not be able to tap into the full potential of the device.
Customers report phantom touch (touchscreen responds without any touch) and failure of the touchscreen after some months of use. However, these are attributed to a manufacturing defect in their specific unit.
This Chromebook offers some significant choices in memory and storage options, and types of screens, among others.
Pros
The laptop is available in three memory choices: 16, 32, and 64 GB. The 64 GB variant is available with a touchscreen. You can explore the options and pick one that is best suited to your child's style of usage.
The device comes with a 10-hour battery life, which lets the Chromebook last a working day.
The touchscreen version comes with Corning Gorilla Glass screen, which has ten times greater scratch resistance than standard touchscreen panels.
Cons
A few users encountered software and hardware issues that were limited to their device.
Point to consider
When selecting a Chromebook for your child, prioritize something rugged, lightweight, and spill-resistant over an option with flashier features.
A compact and lightweight Chromebook with a high-quality screen, it comes with several useful features.
Pros
The Chromebook comes with a full-HD IPS display, which provides excellentcolor contrast and brightness.
The display is a touchscreen, which allows the child to use the device as a tablet.
The laptop weighs 2 pounds (1 kilogram), making it ultra-lightweight.
The backlit keyboard makes it convenient to type in low-light conditions.
Cons
Some buyers felt that the build quality of the laptop could have been better.
How To Choose A Chromebook For Children?
Consider the following list of features when shopping for a best Chromebook.
Laptop or two-in-one: Some Chromebooks work like conventional laptops, and then there are the two-in-one models that also have a touchscreen and a 360-degree hinge. The hinge allows you to fold the screen fully, moving the keyboard to behind the screen so that you can use the device as a tablet. The two-in-one model can be ideal for older kids or high school students who may use it extensively for projects.
RAM and storage: The RAM capacity of Chromebooks can be anywhere between 2GB to 16GB. A 4GB RAM should suffice if your child needs it only for homework research, creating basic school projects, and light internet browsing
Screen size: The minimum screen size is 11.6 inches, and it can go up to 15.6 inches. Chromebooks with an 11.6-inch screen are highly portable. Bigger screens make the device bulky but can deliver an incredible quality of images and videos. It is best to go for 12.3, 12.5, or 14-inch screens for better visual quality and portability.
Types of ports: Chromebooks can come with slots for USB and HDMI cable as well as a slot for an SD card. Most Chromebooks have a USB slot, while some with an HDMI port can be useful for presenting projects. SD card slots will let you get more storage space outside the cloud.
Chrome OS version: Prefer Chromebooks that run the latest version of the Chrome OS. The latest versions will have the most number of bug fixes and interface improvements. Also, the older versions are sometimes made obsolete, forcing users to upgrade to the newer versions eventually.
Chrome OS expiration date: Google updates Chrome OS every six and a half years from the date of the first release. After that, an Auto Update Expiration (AUE) comes into effect, and the device will no longer receive updates from Google (2). The device will continue to work as usual, but it will not receive any new features. AUE should not be a concern for children who will use the device for multimedia consumption purposes. However, children using it for school projects and extensive educational work may be impacted.
The higher you move in the specification range, the more you are likely to pay. The price you pay for your child's Chromebook will depend on the child's requirement and the desired features.
When you want your child to focus on only research and not games or other distracting apps, get them one of these best Chromebooks for children. Boot up the system for the first time while the child is watching, so that they learn how to handle it better.
Why Trust MomJunction?
Wedetso Chirhah specializes in electronics, automobiles, books, and household items and prioritizes careful research, analysis, and comparison to bring our readers the best products. If your child needs a Chromebook for schoolwork, he has compiled a list of the best Chromebooks for kids to help your children learn more on any topic they want. Wedetso has provided the pros and cons of each product to help you choose a suitable one that suits your needs.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Are Chromebooks good for kids?
Yes, Chromebooks allow your children to access their work with fewer distractions. Moreover, they are ideal because they aren't effective for multimedia and gaming options.
Unlike college students, middle schoolers generally don't need to run programs or high-end applications. Middle schoolers can easily browse the web and access the content needed for their work.
4. Are Chromebooks safer than laptops?
Yes, Chromebooks are safer than laptops as they come with built-in security features, making them an ideal choice even for banking transactions. However, Chromebooks also need antivirus protection to protect your data from malware.
5. Can I block YouTube on my Chromebook?
Yes, you can block Youtube by following the right settings. You can also uninstall the app on your Chromebook.
Millennial children need the latest gizmo and gadgets for their school. And investing in a Chromebook can be a good idea if your child is looking for a work-play companion. While comparing various options available in the market, you may shortlist a Chromebook with the best RAM storage, multiple ports, the latest operating system, and a reasonable screen size. Pick a compact and lightweight Chromebook, as it would enable your child to carry it with ease.
Does your child use a Chromebook? Which device is it? Do tell us about it in the comment section below | eng | d05f2c3b-a151-4058-ac9f-6bd4b9b375e5 | https://www.momjunction.com/articles/best-chromebooks-for-kids_00493479/ |
National Conference
BE A PART OF THE ACT DELEGATION TO NATIONAL CONFERENCE 2022!
UN Youth's National Conference brings together over 100 exceptional young people from across Australia and the Asia-Pacific to discuss a diverse range of international and local issues.
What is the conference?
National Conference is a non-residential event from the 7-10 July 2022 that has delegates participate from every single state and territory around Australia, debating issues of global importance and engaging in peer mentorship with like-minded, passionate young leaders. There are only 10 spots available so it's a competitive process!
Why should I join?
Meet like-minded peers in a friendly and social environment
Develop important life skills, such as public speaking, negotiation, and critical thinking
Competitive extra-curricular activities are highly regarded, especially for early university acceptance!
Where will it be held?
National Conference will be running hybrid, meaning the ACT delegation will gather in Canberra as a team and participate online with other states.
Who can apply?
Applications are open to all students in Year 10 to 12. No prior experience with UN Youth events, or in debating/public speaking, is necessary.
I'm interested! What's next?
Fill out the form below. Can't wait to hear from you | eng | 9bf7f78a-196e-4a50-bb8a-90d1af4b2d87 | https://unyouth.org.au/event/national-conference/act/ |
My pillows are in pristine condition (scoff) they don't need cleaning at all but if they did then this is worth a try.
Whilst some pillows today are affordable to simply toss out when they start fluffing themselves at night. But some of us (not me) spend $40+ on a pillow and getting it cleaned might be more practical.
I also live the concept of using the sunshine to clean my pillows, On occasion when making the beds I put the un-washable items in the sun for some sun soak time. I think this is a good way to clean and freshen your pillows and doona quilts too.
It is important to regularly clean your bed pillows to ensure you are sleeping in a healthy and hygienic environment. Not only can dirt and dust accumulate in the fabric of the pillow, but there are also all sorts of bacteria that can live in your pillow. To help you keep your pillows clean and free from bacteria, here is a guide on how to properly clean them.
The first step to cleaning your bed pillows is to understand the types of bacteria that can be present. Common bacteria that can live in your pillow include staphylococcus, streptococcus, and pseudomonas. These bacteria can cause a range of illnesses, from the common cold to more serious infections.
Once you know the type of bacteria that can be in your pillow, it is important to clean it regularly. To start, remove the pillow from the pillowcase and place it in the washing machine. Use a mild detergent and cold water, and set the machine to a gentle cycle. After the cycle has finished, hang the pillow to dry in a well-ventilated area. You can also use a dryer on a low temperature setting to speed up the drying process.
It is also important to regularly vacuum or brush your bed pillows. This will help to remove any dirt, dust, or other particles that have accumulated in the fabric. Additionally, it is a good idea to use a deodorizer or fabric refresher spray to help keep your pillows smelling fresh.
Finally, it is important to replace your bed pillows every two to three years. This will help to ensure you are sleeping on a clean pillow that is free from bacteria and other contaminants.
By following these steps, you can help to ensure your bed pillows are clean and free from bacteria. Regularly cleaning and replacing your bed pillows is an important part of maintaining a healthy and hygienic sleeping environment. | eng | 2c55e8f4-13a9-4aa0-a9d0-56b6a471bcb1 | https://bathnbody.craftgossip.com/how-to-clean-your-pillows/2015/01/12/ |
Happy Ending Massage Blakedown
In the heart of the bustling city, concealed in the glowing neon labyrinth of streets, there was a road known as Tranquility Alley. Now, this might stimulate images of dark, dingy areas harboring unscrupulous activities, however Peacefulness Street was much from that. It was a place of tranquility in the facility of a chaotic globe. This picturesque lane was lined with a variety of health and restoration centers, with the crown jewel being the Imperial Lotus Massage Parlor.
From the outdoors, the Imperial Lotus contrasted its other urban equivalents-- no showy neon signs or loud colours. The beyond the structure was covered in detailed timber makings of mythical creatures and age-old symbols, releasing a tranquil, typical vibe. Walking through the age-worn entry, the air would hit your skin with a warm, pale aroma of incense, enveloping you in a reassuring, magical accept.
At the helm of the Imperial Lotus was a lady of arresting elegance. Her name was Rosaline, but everyone simply understood her as Rosie. Rosie's demeanor held a striking contrast to the city's hurried way of living. It symbolized a calm beauty, a melting pot of wisdom, persistence, and compassion. She had delicate features, deep-set eyes that held a world within them, and a calming smile that seemed to ease the weight of the world from your shoulders. Her hands had a magic of their very own; with every motion, they would redefine the idea of alleviation, reducing also one of the most persistent knots of stress and anxiety.
Word of Rosie's healing abilities spread, attracting a stream of consumers from all profession. Week day city employees to jet-lagged tourists, stressed-out students to weary parents - all in pursuit of the magnificent alleviation that Rosie's golden touch promised.
Eventually, a regular customer, Dan, checked out Imperial Lotus, visibly much more downcast than normal. Rosie, that was famous not just for her massage abilities however her empathetic ways, discovered his off behavior and welcomed him to her room. As he lay on the soft cushioned bed, under the glow of the warm, dimly lit lamps, Rosie spoke with him in her calming started to work, easing his mental stress. As she worked her magic, he felt his mind drifting right into a relaxing world, his concerns slowly dissolving.
As time passed, Dan found himself seeing the Imperial Lotus regularly. It wasn't simply the attraction of Rosie's enchanting touch that had him coming back, but additionally the otherworldly elegance and personal appeal that appeared to leak from her, enthralling him. Rosie, consequently, seemed to have a soft spot for Dan, inviting him with a genuine smile, listening to him and finding out more concerning his life than his anxiety factors.
Erotic Massage Blakedown
However, as the sunlight collections, the moon enters into play, and Imperial Lotus was no exception to this planetary rule. As Dan spent progressively several events, he would certainly captured her eyes for a short while glowing in the dim light. Her body temperature level would certainly fluctuate, icy-cold one minute, hot the following. There was likewise her toughness, which appeared supernatural when contrasted with her slim frame. He reasoned with himself, associating it to a method of the low illumination or probably his own creative imagination burning the midnight oil under the stress and anxiety. However deep inside, his reactions murmured otherwise.
One evening, after a specifically lengthy day of stressful conferences and critical deadlines, Dan booked the last slot at the Imperial Lotus. He succumbed to the soothing tranquillity of the ambient room, the rhythmic stress of Rosie's hands easing the discomfort not just in his physical body yet in his worn-out subconscious also. And after that he saw it, a faint, shadowy summary around Rosie's stunning number.
Caught between concern and fascination, he rounded up the guts to challenge her. He had to recognize the fact. To his surprise, Rosie didn't deny it. Rather, she disclosed her true identity. She was a succubus, a mythical creature that fed upon the life force of living animals.
In any other setting, the revelation can have been terrifying. But here, within the soothing fragrant walls of the Imperial Lotus, it was unusually soothing. She clarified that in time, she had realized the healing potential of her powers, utilizing them forever as opposed to catching her nature's darker dispositions. She discovered solace in assisting others with her energy, utilizing her supposed curse functional to relieve the metropolitan globe's stress and anxiety problem.
The story of Imperial Lotus's charming masseuse spread throughout the city's grapevine, adding an added layer of mystique to the already mythical parlour. However, much from being scared away, the consumers maintained flooding in, fascinated by the appeal of the myth, comforted by the guarantee of relief, and astounded by the succubus with the golden touch. | eng | 86edc30b-e858-4501-a925-35d87f136b38 | https://www.thedigeratipeninsula.org.uk/worcestershire/happy-ending-massage-blakedown |
ooting issue into Kali 2.0, dual boot with Windows 10 btw.
While booting, after selecting Kali 2.0 in grub, I get this screen before it boots into the OS. So far I can use Kali without issues but this concerns me and was wondering how to fix this. It gives me this screen then goes into OS and allows me to sign in and use.
Any help would be very grateful. I know I can use Kali right now but it still bugs me seeing it every time. | eng | ad5ab39b-8b2f-4afc-b29c-5685378979d6 | https://forums.kali.org/showthread.php?26498-Booting-issue-into-Kali-2-0-dual-boot-with-Windows-10-btw |
TCM Web Sites
Behind the Canvas: An Artist's Life
Item15826
Grade4-5
Lexile660L
ISBN9781433348266
LanguageEnglish
Guided Rd. LevelS
Interest Level3-7
Description
Step inside a studio and learn what it takes to be an artist! This nonfiction title engages readers through stimulating facts and vivid images and diagrams in conjunction with a brief background on well-known art movements such as Expressionism, Surrealism, and Impressionism, an interview with a real-life artist, a glossary, informational text, an index, and list of useful sources for learning more about art | eng | a4c815fa-9396-4278-962a-97a9778c0839 | https://www.teachercreatedmaterials.com/families/p/behind-the-canvas-an-artists-life1/15826/ |
Discovering The Importance of Vitamin D: Sources, Benefits, and Dangers
This article explores the vital nutrient that is Vitamin D - its sources, benefits, dangers, and how to maintain healthy levels.
I. Introduction
Have you ever wondered why vitamin D is so important for your health? Known as the "sunshine vitamin", vitamin D is a unique nutrient that your body can produce naturally in response to sunlight exposure. In this article, we will explore the sources, benefits, and dangers associated with vitamin D, and how to maintain healthy levels of this vital nutrient.
II. Discovering The Sources of Vitamin D: Where Can You Get Your Daily Dose?
One of the easiest ways to get vitamin D is through your diet. Foods rich in vitamin D include fatty fish like salmon and tuna, mushrooms, egg yolks, and fortified foods like milk and cereal. However, it can be challenging to get your daily requirement of vitamin D from diet alone.
Vitamin D supplements can also be effective in raising vitamin D levels. However, it's essential to talk to your doctor before taking any supplements as excessive supplementation can lead to toxicity.
III. Unlocking The Benefits of Sunshine: Understanding The Role of Sun Exposure in Vitamin D Production
When sunlight hits your skin, it triggers a process called vitamin D synthesis. This happens in the liver and kidneys where the vitamin D gets produced into a form of active Vitamin D. However, factors like geographical location, season, and skin pigmentation can affect how much vitamin D your body can produce.
While the sun is an excellent source of vitamin D, too much exposure to UV radiation can increase the risk of skin cancer. It's important to practice safe sun exposure by wearing protective clothing, using sunscreen, and avoiding midday sun.
Studies suggest that most people need at least 10 minutes of unprotected sun exposure a day to get enough vitamin D. However, people with darker skin tones may need more sun exposure to meet their vitamin D requirements. Dietary intake is another crucial factor for maintaining healthy levels of vitamin D.
It's essential to consume foods rich in vitamin D or take supplements if you have difficulty meeting your daily requirements. A simple blood test can help to determine your vitamin D status and guide recommendations.
V. Breaking Down The Science of Vitamin D: How Your Body Synthesizes and Uses Vitamin D
When your skin is exposed to sunlight, ultraviolet B radiation penetrates the skin and converts a compound called 7-dehydrocholesterol to previtamin D3. Previtamin D3 then undergoes a series of transformations in your liver and kidneys to become an active form of vitamin D.
Vitamin D is essential for maintaining a healthy immune system, preserving bone health, and regulating calcium absorption in the body. It also plays a vital role in mental and emotional health.
Vitamin D deficiency can lead to numerous health problems, including decreased bone density, osteoporosis, and fractures. People with low levels of vitamin D may also experience fatigue, depression, muscle weakness, and decreased immune function.
Testing your blood for vitamin D levels can help determine if you are deficient. If your levels are low, your doctor may recommend supplements or changes in your diet and sun exposure habits.
VII. Conclusion
Vitamin D is a critically important nutrient for maintaining our overall health and well-being. A balance of dietary intake and safe sun exposure is the most effective way to maintain optimal vitamin D levels. Regularly testing and monitoring your Vitamin D levels is one way to stay on top of your health.
Finally, given the importance of vitamin D, it's worth taking the time and effort to get enough of this vital nutrient. Making small, simple adjustments to your diet and sun exposure habits can have a big impact on your overall health and well-being. | eng | a48c7b5e-9d0f-4539-b363-3335f21af36e | https://www.sdpuo.com/what-is-vitamin-d-in/ |
Zero VOC Finishes
What are VOCs and why are they important?
According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the gases emitted from certain solids or liquids – some of which may have short- and long-term adverse health effects. VOCs can pose a wide range of health risks. Depending on the level of exposure and length of time exposed, one may experience adverse symptoms such as eye, nose, and throat irritation as well as dizziness and headaches. Long or repeated exposure to VOCs can cause damage to the liver, kidneys, and central nervous system. To learn more about the health risks associated with VOCs, click here.
There are a two exciting products on the market today that contain Zero VOCs are suitable for your wood floors.
Rubio Monocoat
A NATURAL FLOOR FINISH
Monocoat all-natural oil wood floor finishes are plant-based, VOC-free and completely non-toxic oil finishes of extraordinary durability. Available in clear finish and more than 30 color finishes, all apply evenly in a single coating. All Monocoat finishes are easily maintained, and provide a subtle lustre that reveals and complements, rather than covers, the natural grain and patina of the wood.
A REVOLUTIONARY TECHNOLOGY
Monocoat adheres with the first microns of wood by molecular bonding. As a result, Monocoat Natural Oil can cover an average 400 sq. ft. of floor per liter. And because of molecular bonding, no surface film can form, and no variable saturation can occur. Not only is a second coat not required, the finished wood will not accept a second coat. The same action protects against overlaps and color variance and causes the process to complete in one coat.
EASY TO TOUCH UP
Monocoat Natural Oil finish bonding technology allows local touch up of damaged areas or scratches, because only the free wood fibers will take the touchup coating.
Vermeister Zero VOC
ZERO VOC is a completely solvent-free water based aliphatic polyurethane finish. ZERO VOC can be used as a single component product or as two-component product after adding ZERO VOC BOOST. Produced with partially renewable raw materials. ZERO VOC is ideal for use in the green building sector and when applied directly to the wood it does not alter the shade and gives it a very natural effect. Available in matte finish or satin finish.
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What makes Catherine so special? She can't talk, she can't walk like her cousin Frances can. But Catherine listens very hard (hardly anyone does that), and she can walk in her special shoes, but when Frances tries, she just falls over! And her claps are so quiet that hardly anyone can hear them. These are the things that make Catherine special and, because her family knows how special she is, this makes them feel special too. This is the story of a child born with severe additional needs that focusses on the special nature of her abilities. Written from first-hand experience of the author's niece, this is a thoroughly researched and heart-warming book that will enlighten all who read it. Foreword by Jacqueline Wilson.
'a very special narrative' 'lovely fluid watercolours' School Librarian 'what a terrific book for promoting positive attitudes towards inclusion... this is a superb, sensitively written and illustrated book, promoting empathy, compassion and understanding.' EYE 'Sensitive text and gentle illustration make it accessible and moving, perfect for introducing and explaining disability to younger children.' Armadillo | eng | 207b5b2d-81d1-492c-9c1a-10e7a9ceba11 | https://www.waterstones.com/book/catherines-story/genevieve-moore/karin-littlewood/9781847804020 |
Quearn Latest Articles
Ruby on Rails MCQs
Ruby on Rails MCQs: This section contains multiple-choice questions on Ruby on Rails. All MCQs have the correct answers and explanations. These MCQs will help students and professionals to test their skills and to enhance their knowledge of Ruby on Rails.
List of Ruby on Rails MCQs
1. Rails is ____.
A web application framework
A ORM tool
A Library of Ruby
Rails is a web application framework.
Answer: A) A web application framework
Explanation:
Ruby on Rails (Rails) is a web application framework.
2. Rails framework runs on which of the following programming language?
Rails is a web application framework running on the Ruby programming language.
3. Which of the following, creates a new application?
$ rails latest
$ rails now
$ rails new
$ rails create
Answer: C) $ rails new
Explanation:
$ rails new, create a new application.
4. The controllers, models, views, helpers, mailers, channels, tasks, and assets for your application are all located in which of the following folder?
Config
Public
App
temp
Answer: C) App
Explanation:
The controllers, models, views, helpers, mailers, channels, tasks, and assets for your application are all located in the app folder.
5. Which of the following folder has the Rails script that launches your application as well as any additional scripts you might need to install, configure, update, or otherwise manage your application?
Config
Temp
Public
Bin
Answer: D) Bin
Explanation:
The "Bin" folder has the Rails script that launches your application as well as any additional scripts you might need to install, configure, update, or otherwise manage your application.
6. Which of the following folder contains compiled assets and static files? | eng | bb9047ff-49e8-4343-993e-b0adbdabdb27 | https://quearn.com/ruby-on-rails-mcqs/ |
Israel
Israel
Iz´ray-uhl
The collective name of the twelve tribes descended from Jacob, whose name was also Israel (Gen 32:28; Gen 35:10). In the Bible the people are called the "children of Israel" (NRSV: "people of Israel") or simply "Israel." As a political designation "Israel" refers either to the nation as a whole or, during the period of the Divided Monarchy (924 –721 BCE), to the Northern Kingdom in particular, as distinct from Judah, the Southern Kingdom. In the NT, some writers apply the historical prerogatives of Israel to the Christian church. Paul argued that these promises had come to Abraham through faith; thus, Christians could also claim, by faith, to be descended from the Israelite patriarchs. The church was the true Israel, or the "Israel of God" (Gal 6:16). Appropriating for the church language applicable to ancient Israel, the author of 1 Peter addressed his audience as "a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, God's own people" (1Pet 2:9). | eng | bdedb86e-7e68-4592-839d-10c702c15026 | https://bibleodyssey.org/glossary/israel/ |
Useful Tips For Cycling With Diabetes
At present, more than 30 million Americans are living with diabetes, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Regular physical activity is a crucial part of a diabetes management plan. Not only does it decrease body weight and improve cardiac health, but it helps to protect against insulin resistance as well.
Although the exercise of any kind will benefit an individual living with diabetes, cycling has been proven to be especially favorable. Cycling can be enjoyed by individuals of all ages, and even if you are just a casual rider, you are bound to reap the benefits of regular exercise. When taking up cycling either as a casual pastime or a competitive sport, it is important to remember that special precautions need to be taken to keep you are as healthy as possible.
Pick the right saddle
Although picking the right saddle is important for any cyclist, it is even more crucial for someone with diabetes. Men living with diabetes are more at risk of developing an enlarged prostate, while both men and women are increasingly prone to bladder concerns.
Additionally, individuals with diabetes are also at an increased risk of neuropathy (nerve damage), which can cause significant pain and discomfort and even result in amputation. For these reasons, it is imperative to steer clear of conventional saddles that put significant pressure on the soft tissue between the legs. And pressure and friction in the region can damage a nerve bundle that is responsible for both sexual health and bladder function. Look for a noseless saddle that will eliminate this soft tissue pressure, making for a more comfortable ride.
Don't neglect post-ride recovery
Post-ride recovery is essential for all cyclists. As a cyclist with diabetes, however, restocking your muscle glycogen stores may require a bit more effort than simply upping your protein and carb intake and drinking a few glasses of water while your metabolism takes care of the rest. In order to avoid post-ride hypoglycemia, a cyclist has to keep a very close eye on their blood glucose levels.
Making use of a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) allows a cyclist to track their levels in real-time and consume more glucose if needed. Even if there is no indication of hypoglycemia setting in, a post-ride meal with a 4:1 carbs to protein ratio is recommended. Normal post-ride recovery measures such as cool-down stretches and ice baths can also be of great benefit, depending on the intensity of the ride.
Always listen to your body
Although exercise is a vital part of a diabetes management plan, it can do more harm than good under certain circumstances. Over-exercising can not only have a negative impact on your blood glucose levels; it can also wreak havoc with your immune system.
If you listen to your body carefully, you will know when it is time to slow down. High blood glucose levels are also known to trigger an immune system malfunction, making an individual with diabetes more prone to infection. If you feel under the weather, whether due to illness or injury, stay off your bike. It is much better, in the long run, to miss a week of cycling than to battle an infection for months on end.
Cycling is both an enjoyable and beneficial pastime. By taking the necessary precautions, someone living with diabetes can enjoy countless happy and advantageous hours cycling to their heart's content | eng | 766fff72-6592-4332-9788-5079543e4021 | https://cycling-passion.com/useful-tips-cycling-with-diabetes/ |
How To Protect Your Kids Online
The internet is a powerful tool that can provide access to information, fun games, and communication. Virtual platforms present a unique opportunity for children to explore and grow.
However, with the same power comes increased responsibility. The internet and social media can also put your children at risk and can expose your kids to unwanted content, identity theft, and cyberbullying.
Luckily, there are things you can do to improve how to protect your kids online and ensure it happens. We review safety tips for kids and how to keep them safe when using the internet.
Learn About the Modern Tech
Kids are way ahead of their parents when navigating modern tech. Many social media options are available to kids, and they have no trouble knowing how to use them.
They know how to set up a profile and what to post and download, making them more vulnerable to risky content and questionable people.
No matter how tech-savvy your kids might be, familiarize yourself with the online risks and threats your children might face. Learn the basic modern terms and concepts your kids know.
Comprehending the latest technology can help you stay updated with your child on popular platforms and apps. You will be able to recognize dangers and red flags, which will make you a good advisor for your child as they navigate the online world.
Have an Open Dialogue About Online Activity
Do the kids have a profile or page? What do they do with it? Kids today are active online but may not know how to recognize or report concerns. They may feel embarrassed or hesitant to tell you if they encounter an inappropriate situation on an app.
Talk openly with your child about online activity. Find out about their apps and how they interact with others on social media. Tell them they can always come to you for help if needed. Establishing an open dialogue with your child will help keep them safe online.
Keep Screens and Devices in Public Areas
Do not allow your kids to have their tablet or phone and use it exclusively in a bedroom. That can harm their social life and make them feel isolated from the real world.
Instead, let your child use devices in a public area so that you can monitor their activities. Kids tend to be more cautious when they know that people are watching. That allows for more appropriate behavior.
Learn Your Parental Controls
Parental filters and parental controls on a router can be helpful when teaching your child how to use the internet safely. You can prevent your kids from installing and downloading content that isn't age-appropriate.
These filters allow you to block certain websites, control browsing time and set certain bedtimes. Your phone and computers have a series of password controls that determine what sites kids can access and what applications they can use.
Guide Them on Keeping Their Location Private
The internet allows access to all sorts of information, including your location. Kids will also want to share their location online if it is associated with a specific app. If you give out your location on social media, strangers can see where you are, which might be a recipe for trouble.
Tell your child that only close friends should know their location. Kids should not post their actual location unless they are with you and it is appropriate for the situation. They should also never share their address or location with people they have not met in real life.
Limit your children's access to apps that require location sharing or tracking so that only those who are approved can know where your kids go. Keeping location private is a standard safety tip for kids and adults, so reiterate it for your children.
Set Up Family Device Rules
What rules do you have for using the family computer or your phone? Kids are curious and may want to install games, chat with friends, or post on social media. These activities can be distracting when using the computer, phone, or tablet.
Establish firm computer, phone, and tablet rules with your family members. Outline the rules and explain the consequences of not following the instructions. Make sure everyone understands what is right and wrong so that they will understand your expectations.
For example, you can set a screen time limit. Kids should not be on the computer or phone for more than an hour. You could also change the settings so your children cannot use the devices during certain hours of the day.
Establish Accountability
Now that you have established the rules, it is time to enforce them. Monitor your children's online activity closely and ensure they follow the rules.
You can check their browser or search history to see what they have been viewing on their computer or phone. Ask questions about what the kids have been doing on their devices and how they use them. Also, ensure they adhere to the screen time or social media limits.
Your child will know when you follow up on their activities, which is how they will stay safe online. If they've violated a rule, hold your child accountable.
This approach can help keep them safe online and keep inappropriate content out of sight. If you notice something unusual or strange, confront the issue immediately before it worsens.
Lead by Example
You are the parent. No one else is going to do it for them. Teach your child how to stay safe online by actively participating in their lives.
You must show your children that you value their safety and right to privacy and free speech. They need to know they can come to you when they have questions or concerns about apps, social media, and other online activities.
Set an example for your children. Never disparage or say negative things about someone on the internet. When your children see you being respectable, they will be more likely to behave similarly.
Wrapping Up
Internet safety is essential for children. They are more vulnerable than adults, so they need more protection.
These tips cover a lot of ground when it comes to how to protect your kids online and ensure your child has the proper knowledge and tools to stay safe when using the internet.
So, keep them in mind when thinking about how to protect your kids online more effectively, and the task will be a lot easier | eng | c2461ce8-e54f-4f78-b299-59004c198cbc | https://anationofmoms.com/2022/08/kids-online-safety-tips.html |
Why Does My Portable Generator Keep Tripping?
Water, dust, worn insulation, and a faulty electrical appliance are some of the things that can cause a leak. A leak can cause electric shock, electrocution, burns, and fires if it's detected before the power goes off.
How do I stop my generator from tripping?
If you want to fix this, you need to clean the switch and get rid of dust. The switch needs to be in place. The generator will trip when you connect it to the load. This is usually due to the load being too heavy or an external short circuit.
What happens when generator trips?
When a generator goes off, it means that it is suddenly disconnected from the transmission network, and thus ceases to provide electricity to consumers.
Why would a generator trip?
The Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) receptacle and the circuit breaker can be used to shut off power to a portable generator. A leak can cause electric shock, electrocution, burns, and fires if it's not plugged in.
What causes generator to overload?
What is the cause of an over load? An overload in a generator is usually caused by too many appliances plugged in. This causes the generator to have more power than it was intended to have. If you don't know the signs, you shouldn't use generators that are protected from overload.
Should circuit breaker be on or off on generator?
It's a good idea to make sure. There is a circuitbreaker. Exhaust is facing away from the structures. The choke is off when you run.
Is it normal for electricity to trip?
It's possible to see if you have a faulty electrical item or faulty wiring in your home by the tripping of the fuse box. You can usually narrow down the problem on your own if you work out what's | eng | 65a9d777-c65f-43d1-9dd7-3a07afea2388 | https://lighttowerpro.com/why-does-my-portable-generator-keep-tripping/ |
How your gut health affects your sleep
When you're not getting enough sleep, we often look to blame stress, anxiety, and medications as the culprits, but what if it's actually poor gut health causing your sleepless nights.
Every single of us has our own unique gut microbiome, where trillions of our gut bacteria reside that affects our mood, digestion, inflammation, overall health, and perhaps even our sleep.
While the research on gut health and sleep is still emerging, we now have evidence to suggest that the health of your gut can influence how you sleep.
You've probably seen a bunch of advertisements claiming that you need to buy fancy gut supplements to repair your gut, but it's really not necessary.
In this blog you'll learn about gut health and its effects on sleep and how you can repair your gut without breaking the bank with some simple diet and lifestyle changes.
What is gut health?
'Gut health' is one of those terms getting thrown around a lot lately, but what does it even mean? Gut health refers to your gut microbiome that's made up of trillions of tiny microbes aka germs. While the majority of these microbes are bacteria-viruses and fungi also reside in the gut too.
But aren't bacteria bad for us? Yes, they can be, especially if we have too much bad bacteria, however good bacteria are beneficial for your health and are needed for many functions in the body including regulating hormones, immune health, appetite, digestion, metabolism, mood and our stress responses. Hence why our gut microbiome is often referred to as our 'second brain'.
What's the gut/brain connection and how does it influence sleep?
Another fascinating role of the microbiome is that it produces and releases many neurotransmitters in the gut that influence sleep and our mood including dopamine (reward chemical), serotonin (happy chemical), and GABA (relaxing chemical). Our gut even produces our sleep hormone melatonin that's involved in your sleep/wake cycle. (1) (2)
We all have our own unique gut microbiome which contains both good and bad bacteria that's influenced by a range of factors including our genetics, environment, and diet. However, sometimes this balance can become disrupted by an increase in the growth of bad bacteria. There are many causes for dysbiosis including poor diet, stress, health conditions and medications such as antibiotics.
This imbalance of gut bacteria is sometimes referred to as dysbiosis that has shown to affect both our physical and mental health by influencing our mood, metabolism, heart health and immune system. In addition, dysbiosis is also associated with the increased risk of many chronic health conditions. (3)
While scientists now understand that our gut plays a role in many bodily functions, there's now strong evidence to suggest that gut microbiome plays an important role in anxiety, depression, and other mental health disorders that can impact our sleep (4).
In fact, recent research has shown that when our circadian rhythms are dysregulated, it affects the healthy function of the microbiome suggesting a strong relationship between the gut microbiome and sleep (5).
A 2017 study in the Journal of Sleep Medicine assessed the role of the microbiome on sleep in adults aged between 50-85. Researchers found that higher levels of beneficial gut bacteria resulted in better sleep quality and brain function. (6)
How to fix your gut health and improve your sleep!
There are a bunch of strategies that can help to improve the diversity and health of your gut. And when your gut is healthy, you'll not only be reducing your risk of chronic disease, but also supporting your mental health and sleep too!
Having a healthy gut not only reduces your risk of chronic disease such as inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, and cancer, but also supports your mental health and overall sleep hygiene. Here are few tips to help you get there:
1. Avoid processed foods
What you eat has significant impacts on your gut health! Studies have shown that eating processed foods high in sugar and fat can alter the population of your gut microbiome, decreasing the number of healthy bacteria in your gut. (7) Replacing these foods with unprocessed nutrient dense foods such as fresh fruits, vegetables, whole-grains, nuts, and seeds can help to protect and restore the healthy bacteria in your gut.
2. Eat the rainbow
We're not suggesting the impossible task of chasing leprechauns. Instead, just eat a variety of different coloured fruits and vegetables. Plants contain an abundance of beneficial plant compounds (phytonutrients) such as antioxidants that are beneficial for your health. When you 'eat the rainbow' you're providing a large diversity of nutrients that your gut bacteria can feed on that will benefit your health and your sleep! (8)
3. Try prebiotics
Yes, you read that right, prebiotics, not probiotics! Prebiotics are a type of fibre that feed the healthy bacteria in your gut. The best sources of prebiotics include bananas, apples, asparagus, artichokes, onions, leeks, and garlic. A 2017 study in the frontiers in Behavioural Neuroscience found that a diet containing prebiotics not only reduced stress but also improved sleep! (9)
4. Regular exercise
Studies have consistently shown that regular exercise can change your gut health for the better, by altering the diversity of your microbiome that can boost your health and could improve your sleep! Moderate exercise has shown to reduce inflammation and reduce intestinal permeability aka leaky gut, a contributing factor to dysbiosis. Exercise every day to improve your gut bacteria. (10)
5. Destress
It's no secret that stress is disastrous for your health, but stress can also wreak havoc on your gut! Studies have shown that stress is associated with changes in the gut microbiome that can alter our mood affecting your sleep. (11 | eng | 050396e2-f24e-4727-bf4f-5610a2cda743 | https://13seeds.com.au/blogs/hemp/gut-health-and-sleep |
(By the way, this is on the first page of results on a Google Image Search for Ben Roethlisberger. Jump it.)
Let's face the facts here: Ben Roethlisberger is a giant douchebag. He's a huge dude, played football his whole life, probably calls people, "bro" a whole lot, and is adored by every football fan in a big time football city. But let's take a look at proveable douchey things he does.
He has at one point or another, ridden a motorcycle around with no helmet and nearly killed himself.
He still wears Harley Davidson T-shirts despite this.
He slept with some desk clerk or something from a hotel in Tahoe he stayed in (I didn't say he raped her, but they totally did it).
He wears a "drink like a champion" T-shirt while posing with some overtan smiley bitch at what I can only presume is a frat party.
In accordance with #4, he celebrates his 28th birthday by barhopping a college town with a bunch of 20-year old girls.
See the picture I'm painting here? Ben is more or less a frat boy in the offseason. On the football field, he's a tremendous leader. He has great escapability and he has a great talent for slinging the football downfield. His team is never out of a game when he's on the field. But that's where the "almighty godsend" image ends. Every offseason, something different is being added to the Roethlisberger file. And now two seasons in a row, it's legal trouble, and it's endangering his standing in the league.
But I don't care about that. As a football fan, and a Steeler fan, I only care about whether or not Ben can help my favorite team win football games. I'm not asking him to house-sit while I go vacationing in the Caribbean, trusting him to leave the wet bar in my basement untouched. I'm trusting him to help my favorite football team win games. That's his job, and it's all he's required to do. However, there is still a line. And that line is the law. Don't cross it please, Ben. I, we, don't need you getting suspended for your shenanigans.
I write this post because of some speculation I heard between Rich Eisen and Jason LaCanfora that if Ben keeps getting into trouble, he'll be on his way out in Pittsburgh. After all, the Rooneys don't stand for bad behavior, even from their star players. Even if the NFL doesn't take action, surely the Rooneys will, right?! Well, no, not exactly. The idea that the Rooneys have a zero-tolerance policy, even for superstars, is false. Remember when Cedric Wilson had his standoff with his crazy girlfriend or whatever? He was released the following day, before the legal system did anything.
Because he was expendable.
Back when Deshea Townsend was a starter, I vaguely recall him having some kind of domestic issue with his wife/girlfriend/life partner. Nothing came of it. He was the starting CB.
James Harrison is… well. James Harrison. He's a borderline dirty player and had an off the field issue once or twice, most recently being when his pit bull attacked his infant son. Steelers didn't bat an eye. James Harrison was the Defensive Player of the Year and a focal point of the great Steelers' defense.
Ben Roethlisberger was accused of rape in summer 2009, and without the legal process every really getting anything done, he came to training camp, played the season and did pretty well for himself. He's freakin' Ben Roethlisberger, the franchise quarterback that brought two Superbowl titles in four years to Pittsburgh. All he did in 2008 was play big in the clutch and win it all.
In 2010, Ben is being charged with sexual assault pending investigations from everyone and their grandmother. If the NFL doesn't take action, neither will the Steelers. That would be stupid. He's the centerpiece of their offense.
It's management's job to make sure the players and coaches win games. There will be a lot less of that happening if Ben is watching from a press box on suspension. To suspend Ben would be to fail at doing their jobs, and they won't do it.
So let's say the NFL steps in and sits Ben down for… maybe a whole season. Let's say he ends up in jail, even. Here are good things about that situation:
Maybe he'll finally get it, that he can't just do whatever he wants with no reprocussions.
Dennis Dixon is awesome, and they'll sign Jake Delhomme or trade for Brady Quinn or bring Drew Bledsoe out of retirement or whatever to back him up.
If this really is the Ravens' year (as it looks to be on paper), then Steeler fans everywhere would have an excuse for letting them win. Don't lie, you know you'd be thinking it and you know you'd say it to the first Raven fan you saw.
So will all these things hurt Ben's reputation? Absolutely. When people look back in 20 years and think about Ben Roethlisberger, what image will they have? It could be the gambling gunslinger that won Superbowls with the Steelers, transforming them from a smashmouth running offense to a spread offense that could win games in the clutch. Or they could see an idiot who let fame and money go to his head and got in legal trouble that he never really escaped. Which will it be? | eng | 2deb44f9-98d3-47ef-9c9e-51e9fa7fbe7f | http://blitzburghblog.com/2010-articles/everyone-keep-cool-about-ben.html |
Integrative Life-style – 7 Days Meal Plan, Dinnerwith
16 April 2018
The lentil plant (Lens Culinaris) originates from Asia and North Africa and is one of our oldest sources of food. A cousin to the pea and a rich provider of protein and carbohydrates the lentil is also a good source of calcium, phosphorus, iron and B vitamins – making it an important diet staple the world over.
There are several different varieties – most commonly used in cooking are Brown, Red and Green lentils, although Puy and Yellow.
Day 6- Dinner
Lentil Spinach Dhal
Cooking time: 30 min
Preparation time: 10min
Lentils do not require it but can be soaked in order to reduce cooking time by about half.
Before cooking, rinse lentils in cold water, pick over to remove debris or shrivelled lentils and then drain.
Directions: Heat a large saucepan over medium-high heat. Add onion, ginger, cumin, coriander, turmeric, red peppers, and garlic. Sauce 2 minutes. Stir in water and lentils; add the carrot and bring it to a boil. Cover, reduce heat, and simmer 25 minutes or until lentils are tender. Turn off the fire and stir in lime juice, spinach, and salt and keep the pot covered for 3 more minutes. The dal can be served on top of basmati brown rice or barley. | eng | 627a902a-688b-42da-a8e2-989e90b4389b | https://integrativelife.ro/integrative-life-style-7-days-meal-plan-dinner-4/ |
Collecting donations for all essentials - humanitarian aid (socks, food, shirts, thermos, plates, etc.) to be distributed to people affected by the war in Odessa Region. We will be accountable for every penny and document it on HIVE.
Interac E-transfer (CAD), PayPal, HIVE, BTC, XMR, LTC
Channel showing games and activities of 4 kids.
Cool kids play, build, joke and cook. Oti, Lala, Ali and WIko are siblings who spend their time in a creative way. In the following episodes they present their singing for karaoke, holidays in the garden, nature observations and their thoughts, what will be later see for yourself and give them a thumbs up to give them a little fun ☺️ | eng | f85afa8e-08fc-48be-bb16-d44cc48666a2 | https://www.sportstalksocial.com/@kamrisgloks56/following |
What's new in the upcoming JADE release?
Add support for OpenTelemetry
At current we don't have the ability to run tracing through distributed systems where Jade code forms a part of those systems.
The ability to use tracing would allow us to see how calls from various methods interact with different systems outside Jade. This would allow us to see how requests span different systems, and greatly aid in troubleshooting faults, as well as supporting performance improvements and general understanding of how our systems work. | eng | 436483c9-7059-49aa-b784-fbbcd8b14f43 | https://jedi.ideas.jadeworld.com/ideas/JAD-I-693 |
This is the script of a talk I gave at EAGx Rotterdam, with some citations and references linked throughout. I lay out the argument challenging the relatively narrow focus EA has in existential risk studies, and in favour of more methodological pluralism. This isn't a finalised thesis, and nor should it be taken as anything except a conversation starter. I hope to follow this up with more rigorous work exploring the questions I pose over the next few years, and hope other do too, but I thought to post the script to give everyone an opportunity to see what was said. Note, however, the tone of this is obviously the tone of a speech, not as much of a forum post. I hope to link the video when its up. Mostly, however, this is really synthesising the work of others; very little of this is my own original thought. If people are interested in talking to me about this, please DM me on here.
Existential Risk Studies; the interdisciplinary "science" of studying existential and global catastrophic risk. So, what is the object of our study? There are many definitions of Existential Risk, including an irrecoverable loss of humanity's potential or a major loss of the expected value of the future, both of these from essentially a transhumanist perspective. In this talk, however, I will be using Existential Risk in the broadest sense, taking my definition from Beard et al 2020, with Existential Risk being risk that may result in the very worst catastrophes "encompassing human extinction, civilizational collapse and any major catastrophe commonly associated with these things."
X-Risk is a risk, not an event. It is defined therefore by potentiality, and thus is inherently uncertain. We can thus clearly distinguish between different global and existential catastrophes (nuclear winters, pandemics) and drivers of existential risk, and there are no one to one mapping of these. The IPCC commonly, and helpfully, splits drivers of risk into hazards, vulnerabilities, exposures, and responses, and through this lens, it is clear that risk isn't something exogenous, but is reliant on decision making and governance failures, even if that failure is merely a failure of response.
The thesis I present here is not original, and draws on the work of a variety of thinkers, although I accept full blame for things that may be wrong. I will argue there are two different paradigms of studying X-Risk: a simple paradigm and a complex paradigm. I will argue that EA unfairly neglects the complex paradigm, and that this is dangerous if we want to have a complete understanding of X-Risk to be able to combat it. I am not suggesting the simple paradigm is "wrong"; but that alone it currently doesn't and never truly can, capture the full picture of X-Risk. I think the differences in the two paradigms of existential risk are diverse, with some of the differences being "intellectual" due to fundamentally different assumptions about the nature of the world we live in, and some are "cultural" which is more contingent on which thinkers works gain prominence. I won't really try and distinguish between these differences too hard, as I think this will make everything a bit too complicated. This presentation is merely a start, a challenge to the status quo, not asking for it to be torn down, but arguing for more epistemic and methodological pluralism. This call for pluralism is the core of my argument.
The "simple" paradigm of existential risk is at present dominant in EA-circles. It tends to assume that the best way to combat X-Risk is identify the most important hazards, find out the most tractable and neglected solutions to those, and work on that. It often takes a relatively narrow range of epistemic tools: forecasting and toy models, such as game theoretic approaches, thought experiments or well thought out "kill mechanism" causal chains, as fundamentally useful tools at examining the future which is taken to be fundamentally understandable and to a degree predictable, if only we were rational enough and had enough information. Its a methodology that, given the relative lack of evidence on X-Risk, is more based on rationality than empiricism; a methodology that emerges more from analytic philosophy than empirical science. Thus, risks are typically treated quasi-independently, so the question "what is the biggest X-Risk" makes sense and we can approach X-Risk by focusing on quasi-discrete "cause areas" such as AGI, engineered pandemics or nuclear warfare.
Such an approach can be seen in published works by the community and in the assumptions that programmes and more are set up in. The Precipice finds the separation of X-Risks into the somewhat arbitrary categories of "Natural" "Anthropogenic" and "Future" Risks to be useful, and quantifies those risks based on what each of those quasi-independent hazards contributes. The Cambridge Existential Risk Initiative summer research fellowship that I was lucky to participate in this summer separated their fellows into categories based broadly on these separate, discrete risks: AI, Climate Change, Biosecurity, Nuclear Weapons and Misc+Meta. Once again, this promotes a siloed approach that sees these things as essentially independent, or at least treating these independently is the best way of understanding them. Even on the swapcard for this conference, there is no category for areas of interest for "Existential Risk", "Vulnerabilities" or "Systemic Risk", whilst there is 2 categories for AI, a category for Nuclear Security, a category for climate change, a category for biosecurity. The "simple" approach to existential risk, permeates almost all the discussions we have in EA about existential risk; it is the sea in which we swim in. Thus, it profoundly affects the way we think about X-Risk. I think it could accurately be described as, in the sense Kuhn discusses it, as a paradigm.
That's the simple approach. A world, which at its core, we can understand. A world where the pathways to extinction are to some degree definable, identifiable, quantifiable. Or at least, if we are rational enough and research enough, we can understand what the most important X-Risks are, prioritise these and deal with these. Its no wonder that this paradigm has been attractive to Effective Altruists; this stuff is our bread and butter. The idea that we can use rational methodologies in good-doing is what we were founded on, and retains its power and strength through the ITN framework. The problem is, I'm not sure this is very good at capturing the whole picture of X-Risk, and we ignore the whole picture at our peril.
Because maybe the world isn't so simple, and the future not so predictable. Every facet of our society is increasingly interconnected, our ecological-climatic system coupling to our socio-economic system, global supply chains tied to our financial system tied to our food system. A future emerging from such complexity will be far from simple, or obvious, or predictable. Risk that threatens humanity in such a world will likely interact in emergent ways, or emerge in ways that are not predictable by simple analysis. Rather than predictable "kill mechanisms," we might worry about tipping thresholds beyond which unsafe system transitions may occur, compounding, "snowballing" effects, worsening cascades, spread mechanisms of collapse and where in a complex system we have the most leverage. Arguably, we can only get the whole picture by acknowledging irreducible complexity, and that the tools that we currently use to give us relatively well defined credences, and a sense of understanding and predictability in the future are woefully insufficient.
I think its important to note that my argument here is not "there is complexity therefore risk," but rather that the sort of global interconnected and interdependent systems that we have in place make the sorts of risk we are likely to face inherently unpredictable, and so it isn't so easily definable as the simple paradigm likes to make out. Even Ord acknowledges this unpredictability, putting the probability of "unforseen anthropogenic risk" at 1 in 30; in fact, whilst I have constantly attacked the core of Ords approach in this talk, I think he acknowledges many of these issues anyway. And its not like this approach, focusing on fuzzy mechanisms emerging out of feedback loops, thresholds and tipping, is wholly foreign to EA; its arguable that the risk from AGI is motivated by the existence of a tipping threshold, which when past may lead to magnifying impacts in a positive feedback loop (the intelligence explosion), which will lead to unknown but probably very dangerous effects that, due to the complexity of all the systems involved, we probably can't predict. This is rarely dismissed as pure hand-wavyness as we acknowledge we are dealing with a system that our reasoning can't fully comprehend. Whilst EAs tend to utilise a few of the concepts of the complex approach with AGI, elsewhere its ignored, , which is slightly strange, but more on this later.
It is arguable that the complex paradigms focus on the complexity of the world is somewhat axiomatic, based on a different set of assumptions about the way the world functions to the simple approach; one that sees the world as a complex network of interconnected nodes, and risk as primarily emerging from the relatively well known fragility and vulnerability of such as system. I don't think I can fully prove this to you, because I think it is a fundamental worldview shift, not just a change in the facts, but in the way you experience and understand the world. However, if you want to be convinced, I would look at much of the literature on complexity, on the coupled socio-technical-ecological-political system, the literature on risk such as the IPCC, or texts like "the risk society" on how we conceptualise risk. I'm happy to talk more about this in the Q&A, but right now I hope that you're willing to come along for the ride even if you don't buy it.
This is why I treat this as an entirely different paradigm to the current EA paradigm. The complexity approach is fundamentally different. It sees the world as inherently complex, and whilst facets are understandable, at its core the system is so chaotic we can never fully or even nearly fully understand it. It sees the future as not just unpredictable but inherent undefined. It sees risk mostly emerging from our growing, fragile, interconnected system, and typically sees existential hazards as only one part of the equation, with vulnerabilities ,exposures and responses perhaps at least as important. It takes seriously our uncertainty with regards to what the topography of the epistemic landscape is, and so uncertainty should be baked into any understanding or approach, and thus favours foresight over forecasting. The epistemic tools that serve the simple approach are simply not useful at dealing with the complexity that this paradigm takes as central to X-Risk, and thus new epistemic tools and frameworks must be developed; whether these have been successful is debatable.
A defender of the "simple" paradigm might argue that this is unfair: after all, thinkers like Ord discuss "direct" and "indirect" risks. This is helpful. The problem is, its very unclear what constitutes a "direct" vs "indirect" existential risk. If a nuclear war kills almost everyone, but the last person alive trips off a rock and falls off a cliff, which was the direct existential risk? The nuclear war or the rock? Well, this example could rightfully be considered absurd (after all, if one person is alive, humanity will go extinct after that person dies) but I hope the idea still broadly stands- very few "direct" existential risks actually wipe the last person out. What about a very deadly pandemic that can only spread due to the global system of international trade, and that the response of reducing transport, combined with climate change, causes major famines across the world, where only both combined cause collapse and extinction? Which is the direct risk? Suddenly, the risk stops looking so neat and simple, but still just as worrying.
This logic of direct and indirect doesn't work, because it still favours a quasi-linear mechanistic worldview. Often, something is only considered a "risk factor" if it leads to something that is a direct risk. Such arguments can be seen in John Halstead's enormous climate google doc, which I think is a relatively good canonical example of the "simple" approach. Here, he argues climate change is not a large contributor to existential risk because it can't pose a direct risk, and isn't a major contributor to things that would then wipe us out. So its not a direct risk, nor a first order indirect risk; so its not really a major risk. In fact, because of the simplicity of merely needing to identify the answer to whether it is a direct risk or a 1st order indirect risk, there is not even a need for a methodology, or that slippery word "theory"; one can merely answer the question by thinking about it and making a best guess. The type of system and causal chain dealt with is within the realm that one person can make such a judgement; if you acknowledge the complexity of the global network, such reliance on individual reasoning appears like dangerous overconfidence.
You might then say that the simple approach can still deal with issues by then looking at 2nd order indirect risks, 3rd order, 4th order and so on. But what happens when you get to nth order indirect risks; this mechanistic, predictable worldview simply cannot deal with that complexity. A reply to this may be that direct risks are just so much larger in expectation, however, this doesn't fit with our understanding from the study of complex and adaptive networks, and work done by scholars like Lara Mani on volcanoes further show that cascading nth order impacts of volcanic eruptions may be far larger than the primary direct impacts. Even take the ship stuck in the suez canal- the ripple effects seem far larger than the initial, direct effect. This may similarly turn out the same for the long term impacts of COVID-19 as well.
Thus it seems the simple approach struggles when dealing with the ways most risks tend to manifest in the real, complex, interconnected world- through vulnerabilities and exposures, through systemic risks and through cascades. In fact, the simple approach tends to take Existential Risk to be synonymous with Existential Hazards, relegating other contributors to risk, like vulnerabilities, exposures and responses to the background. It has no real theory of systemic risk, hence the lack of need for defined methodologies,, and when I mentioned cascading risk to John Halstead in the context of his climate report, he said he simply didn't think it worth investigating. I don't think this is a problem with John- despite our disagreements he is an intelligent and meticulous scholar who put a lot of effort into that report; I think this is a problem of simple existential risk analysis- it is not capable of handling the complexity of the real world.
So we need complex risk analysis, that acknowledges the deep interconnectedness, emergence and complexity of the global system we are in to truly analyse risk. But here we are faced with a dilemma. On the one hand, we have a recognition as to the irreducible complexity of the world, and the inherent uncertainty of the future. On the other, we need to act within this system and understand the risks so we can combat them. So the question is, how?
The first step towards a more complex risk analysis picks up the baton from the simple approach, in emphasising compounding risk; how different hazards interact. More will be discussed on this later.
Secondly, risk is expanded beyond the concept of existential hazards, which is what the simple paradigm focuses on, to discuss vulnerabilities and exposures, as well as responses. To explain vulnerabilities and exposures, imagine someone with a peanut allergy: the peanut is the hazard, the allergy the vulnerability and the exposure is being in the same room as the peanut. The hazard is what kills you, the vulnerability is how you die, and the exposure is the interface between the two. So we can expand what we should do to combat existential risk from just "putting out fires" which is what the hazard-centric approach focuses on, to a more systemic approach focusing on making our overall system more resilient to existential risk. We might identify key nodes where systemic failure could occur, and try and increase their resilience, such as the work Lara Mani has been doing identifying global pinch points where small magnitude volcanic eruptions may cause cascading impacts resulting in a global catastrophe.
In doing this, we are abandoning the nice, neat categories the simple approach creates. In many ways, it no longer makes sense to talk about risks, as though these were quasi-independent "fires" to put out. Rather, it makes sense to speak about contributors to overall risk, with attempts made to shift the system to greater security, by identifying and reducing sources of risk. This doesn't just include hazards, but other contributors as well; not just acknowledging the initial effect, but everything that made each cascade more likely. These cascades are not predictable, the threshold beyond which the feedback loop occurs not knowable, and thus foresight, where we may get a sample of what could occur, rather than forecasting where we try and predict what will occur, will be far more useful. This simple linguistic shift, from risks to risk, can be surprisingly powerful at highlighting the difference between the simple and complex approach.
Acknowledging that we don't know the pathways to extinction actually opens up new approaches to combatting risk. We may see reducing systemic vulnerability as more impactful than under the simple approach. see reducing the probability of feedbacks and of passing thresholds beyond which we may reasonably assume catastrophe may follow as appropriate courses of action. Or, even if we are unsure about what exactly will kill us, we might want to focus on what is driving risk in general rather than specific hazards, be it work on "agents of doom" or Bostrom's vulnerable work emerging out of a semi anarchic default condition. Whilst the complex approach acknowledges the difficulties that the nonlinearities and complexities bring, in other ways it allows for a broader repertoire of responses to risk as well, as Cotton Barrett et als work on defence in depth also shows, for example.
Another approach to complexity may be what might be called the "Planetary Boundaries" approach. Here, we identify thresholds whereby we know the system is safe, and try to avoid crossing into the unknown. Its like we're at the edge of a dark forest; it may be safe to walk in, but better safe than sorry. It applies a precautionary principle; that in such a complex system, we should have the epistemic humility to simply say "better the devil you know." This approach has rightfully been critiqued by many who tend to favour a more "simple" approach; it is very handwavy, with no clear mechanism to extinction or even collapse, with the boundaries chosen somewhat arbitrarily. Nevertheless, it may argued that lines had to be drawn somewhere, and wherever they would be drawn would be arbitrary; so this is a "play it safe" approach because we don't know what is beyond these points rather than an "avoid knowable catastrophe approach." However, such an approach is very problematic if we want to prioritise between approaches, something I will briefly discuss later.
Something similar could be said as a solution to Bostrom's "Vulnerable World" and Manheim's "Fragile World." If increasing technological development and complexity puts us in danger, then maybe we should take every effort to stop this; after all, these things are not inevitable. Of course, Bostrom would never accept this- to him this alone poses an X-Risk- and instead proposes a global surveillance state, but that is slightly besides the point.
However, we are still faced with a number of problems. We are constantly moving into unprecedented territory. And sometimes, we are not left with an option which is nice and without tradeoffs. MacAskill somewhat successfully argues that technological stagnation would still leave us at danger of many threats. SometimesThis is the exact dilemma that faces me in my research. I'm researching the interactions of solar radiation modification and existential risk, both how it increases and decreases risk. As it is therefore simultaneously combatting a source of risk, and itself increases risk, the sort of "play it safe" approach to complexity just doesn't necessarily work, although before I properly explain how I am attempting to unpick this, I ought to explain exactly what I'm on about.
Solar Radiation Modification (SRM), otherwise known as solar geoengineering is a set of technologies that aim to reflect a small amount of sunlight to reduce warming. Sunlight enters the earth, some is reflected. That which isn't is absorbed by the earth, which is then reemitted as long wave infrared radiation. Some of this escapes to space, and some gets absorbed by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, warming it. As we increase GHG concentrations, we increase the warming. SRM tries to reduce this warming by decreasing the amount of light entering the earth, by reflecting it by either injecting aerosols into the stratosphere, mimicing the natural effects of volcanos, or by brightening clouds, or a related technique that isn't quite the same that involves thinning other clouds. This would likely reduce temperatures globally, and the climate would be generally closer to preindustrial, but it comes with its own risks that may make it more dangerous
Those working from a simple paradigm have tended to reject risks from climate change as especially large. Toby Ord estimates the risk at 0.1%. Will MacAskill in what we owe the future suggests "its hard to see how even [7-10 degrees of warming] could cause collapse." Both of these have tended to use proxies for what would cause collapse, trying their best to come up with simple, linear models of catastrophe; Toby Ord wants to look at whether heat stress will cause the world to become uninhabitable, and Will wants to look at whether global agriculture will entirely collapse. These simple proxies, whilst making it easier to reason simple causal chains, are just not demonstrative of how risk manifests. Some have then attempted to argue whether climate change poses a first order indirect existential risk, which is mostly John Halstead's approach in his climate report, but once again, I think this misses the point.
From a more complex paradigm, I think climate change becomes something to be taken more seriously, because not only does it make hazards more likely, and stunts our responses, but also, and perhaps more keenly, makes us more vulnerable, and may act to majorly compound risk in ways that make catastrophe far more likely. A variety of these scenarios where a "one hazard to kill us all" approach doesn't work was explored in the recent "Climate Endgame" paper. One area where that paper strongly disagrees with the status quo is via "systemic risk." In the Precipice, Ord argues that a single risk is more likely than two or more occurring in unison, however, Climate Endgame explores how climate change has the ability to trigger widespread, synchronous, systemic failure via multiple indirect stressors: food system failures, economic damage, water insecurity etc coalescing and reinforcing until you get system wide failure. A similar, but slightly different risk, is that of a cascade, with vulnerabilities increasing until one failure sets off another, and another, with the whole system snowballing; in the case of climate, this may not just refer to our socio-economic system, but evidence of tipping cascades in the physical system show that there is a non-negligable chance of major near synchronous collapse of major elements in the earth system. Such spread of risk is well documented in the literature, as occurred in the 2008 financial crisis, but has been almost entirely neglected by the simple paradigm of existential risk. The ability for such reinforcing, systemic risk to occur from initial hazards that are far smaller than the simple paradigm would consider "catastrophic" should really worry us: normally, lower magnitude hazards are more common, and we are likely severely neglecting these. If one takes such systemic failures seriously, climate change suddenly looks a lot more dangerous than the simple approach lets it be.
So, a technology like SRM that can reduce climate damage may seriously reduce the risk of catastrophe. There is a significant amount of evidence to suggest that SRM moderates climate impacts at relatively "median" levels of warming. However, one thing that has hardly been explored is the capacity of SRM to combat hitting those earth tipping thresholds, which, whilst not essential to have the spreading systemic risk, is certainly one key contributor to existential risk from climate change being higher. So, alongside some colleagues at Utrecht and Exeter, we are starting to investigate the literature, models and expert elicitations to try and make a start at understanding this question. So, this is one way one can deal with complexity: try and make a start with things which we know contribute to systemic risk in ways that could plausibly be catastrophic, and observe whether these can be reduced.
However, SRM also acts as a contributor to risk. In one sense, this contributor to risk is easier to understand from the simple paradigm, as it is its direct contribution to great power conflict, which is often itself considered a first order indirect risk. So here we can perhaps agree! This has been explored in many peoples work, some just simple, two variable analyses of the interaction of SRM and volcanic hazards, whilst some try and highlight how SRM may change geopolitics and tensions in a way which may change how other risk spreads and compounds. One key way it does this is by coupling our geopolitical-socio-political system with the ecological-climatic system, allowing for risk to spread from our human system to the climatic system that supports us much faster than before. This might really worry us, given how our climatic system then feeds back into our human system and so on.
A second manner which it contributes is by the so-called latent risk- a risk that lays "dormant" until activated. Here, if you stop carrying out SRM, you get rapid warming, what is often called "termination shock", and faster rates of warming likely raise risk through all the pathways discussed for climate change. However, to add another wrinkle, such termination is mostly plausible because of another global catastrophe, so what would occur is what Seth Baum calls a "Double Catastrophe"- again highlighting how synchronous failure might be more likely than single failure! However, to get a better understanding of the physical effects of such double catastrophe under different conditions, I have been exploring how SRM would interact with another catastrophe that had climatic effects, namely a catastrophe involving the injection of soot into the stratosphere after a nuclear exchange. Here, its very unclear that the "termination shock" and the other effects of SRM actually make the impacts of such an exchange worse, and it is likely that actually it acts to slightly moderate the effects. I think this shows we cannot simply go "interacting hazards and complex risk = definitely worse," but I also think it shows that the neglect of such complex risk by the simple approach loses a hell of a lot of the picture.
The other thing I am trying to explore is the plausible cascades and spread mechanisms of risk which SRM encourages. In part, I am doing this through foresight exercises like ParEvo, where experts are brought together to generate collaborative and creative storylines of diverging futures. Unlike forecasting, such scenarios don't have probabilities on them; in fact, due to the specificity needed, a good scenario should have a probability zero, like a point on a probability distribution, but hopefully can give us a little bit of a map with what could occur. So we highlight a whole load of plausible scenarios, acknowledging that none of these are likely to come to fruition, but hopefully on the premise that these should perhaps highlight some of the key areas in which good action should focus. For example, my scenarios will be focusing on different SRM governance schemes response to different catastrophic shocks, so hopefully highlighting common failures of governance systems to more heavy tailed shocks. Scenarios are useful in many other areas, such as the use of more "game-like" scenarios such as Intelligence Rising to highlight the interactions of the development of AGI and international tensions and geopolitics.
Nonetheless, ultimately what is needed is to do a risk-risk-risk-risk-risk analysis, comparing the ways SRM reduces and contributes to risk, and what leverage could be to reduce each of those contributors. This is a way off, and I am unsure if we have good methodologies for this yet. Nonetheless, by acknowledging the large complexities, and utilising methods to uncover how SRM can contribute to risk and reduce risk in the global interconnected system, we get a far better picture of the risk landscape than under the simple approach. Many who take the simple approach have been quite happy to reject SRM as a risky technology without major benefit in mitigating X-Risk, and have been happy to do a "quick and dirty" risk-risk analysis based on simple models of how risk propagate. As we explore the more complex feedbacks, interactions and cascades of risk, the validity of such simple analyses is, I think, brought into question, highlighting the need for the complex paradigm in this field.
Finally, its important to note that it is not obvious how any given upstream action, like research for example, contributes to risk. Even doing research helps to rearrange the risk landscape in unpredictable ways, and so even answering of whether research makes deployment of the technology more likely is really hard, as research spurs governance, impacts tensions, impacts our ability to discover different technologies and make the system more resilient etc. Once again, the complex web of impacts of research also need to be untangled. This is tricky, and needs to be done very carefully. But given EA dominates the X-Risk space, its not something we can shirk doing.
I also think its important to note that these approaches, whilst working often from different intellectual assumptions, have their differences manifest predominantly culturally rather than intellectually. In many ways, the two approaches converge; this is perhaps surprising, and maybe acts as a caution against my grandsstanding of fundamental axiomatic differences. For example, the worry about an intelligence explosion is at its core, I think, a worry about a threshold beyond which we move into a dangerous unknown, with systems smarter than us who may, likely by some unknown mechanism, kill us. In many ways, it should be more comfortable inside the "complex" paradigm, without well thought out kill mechanism, acknowledging irreducable undetermination of the future, and how powerful technologies, phenomena and structures within our complex interconnected system are likely to contribute hugely to risk, than in the simple paradigm. Similarly, work that thinkers like Luke Kemp, who ostensibly aligns more with the "complex paradigm" have done on the agents of doom, which tries to identify the key actors that are drivers of risk, which is mostly the drivers of hazards, probably fits more neatly in the "simple" paradigm than the complex paradigm. I think these cultural splits are important as well, and it probably implies that a lot of us from across the spectrum are missing potentially important contributors to existential risk, irrespective of our paradigm.
As a coda to this talk, I would like to briefly summarise Adrian Currie's arguments in his wonderful paper "Existential Risk, Creativity and Well Adapted Science." This is relevant perhaps a level above what I am talking about, arguing about what "meta-paradigm" we should take. He suggests that all research has a topographical landscape with "peaks" representing important findings. Thus, research is a trade-off between exploring and exploiting this landscape. I think the simple approach is very good at exploiting certain peaks, but is particularly bad at understanding the topography of the whole landscape, which I think the complexity paradigm is much better at. But as Currie convincingly argues, this probably isn't sufficient. X-Risk studies is in a relatively novel epistemic situation: the risks they deal with are unique, in the words of Carl Sagan "not readily amenable to experimental verification… at least not more than once." The systems are wild and thus don't favour systemic understanding. We are not just uncertain as to the answer to key questions, but also uncertain as to what to ask. It is a crisis field, centred around a goal rather than a discipline- in fact, we are uncertain what disciplines matter the most. All of this leaves us in an epistemic situation where in many ways uncertainty, and thus creativity, should be at the core of our approach, both trying to get an understanding of the topography of the landscape and because it stops us getting siloed. On the spectrum of exploring vs exploiting, exploratory approaches should be favoured, because we should reasonably see ourselves as deeply uncertain about nearly everything in X-Risk. Even if people haven't managed to "change our minds" on a contributor to risk, experience should tell us that we are likely to be wrong in ways that no one yet understands, and there are quite probably even bigger peaks out there. We also should be methodological omnivores, happy to use many methodologies and tailoring these to local contexts, and with a pluralistic approach to techniques and evidence, increasing the epistemic tools at our disposal. Both of these imply the need for pluralism, rather than hegemony of any one approach. I am very worried that EAs culture and financial resources are pushing us away from creativity and towards conservatism in the X-RIsk space.
In conclusion, this talk hasn't shown you the simple approach is wrong, just that it provides a thoroughly incomplete picture of the world that is insufficient at dealing with the complexity of many drivers of existential risk. This is why I, and many others, call for greater methodological diversity and pluralism, including a concerted effort to come up with better approaches to complex and systemic risk. The simple approach is clearly problematic, but it is far easier to make progress on problems using it- its like the Newtonian physics of existential risk studies. But to get a more complete picture of the field, we need a more complex approach. Anders Sandberg put this nicely, seeing the "risk network" as having a deeply interconnected core, where the approach of irreducable complexity must dominate, a periphery which has less connections, where a compounding risk approach can dominate, and a far off periphery where the simple, hazard centric approaches dominate with relatively few connections between hazards. The question is, and one that is probably axiomatic more than anything else, where the greatest source of risk is. But both methods of analysis clearly have their place.
As EA dominates the existential risk field, it is our responsibility to promote pluralism, through our discourses and our funding. Note, as a final thing, this isn't the same as openness to criticism, based on "change my mind" around a set of rules which a narrow range of funders and community leaders set. Rather, we need pluralism, where ideas around existential risk coexist rather than compete, encouraging exploration and creativity, and, in the terms of Adrian Currie, "methodological omnivory." There is so little evidentiary feedback loops that a lot of our answers to methodological or quasi-descriptive questions tends to be based on our prior assumptions, as there often isn't enough evidence to hugely shift these, or evidence can be explained in multiple ways. This means our values and assumptions hugely impact everything, so having a very small group of thinkers and funders dominate and dictate the direction of the field is dangerous, essentially no matter how intelligent and rational we think they are. So we need to be willing not just to tolerate but fund and promote work into X-Risk that we individually may think is a dead-end, and cede power to increase the creativity possible in the field, because in such uncertainty, promoting creativity and diversity is the correct approach, as hard as it is to accept this. How we square this circle with our ethos of prioritisation and effectiveness is a very difficult question, one I don't have the answer to. Maybe its not possible; but EAs seem to be very good at expanding the definition of what is possible in combatting the world's biggest problems. This a question that we must pose, or we risk trillions of future lives. Thank you.
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Thanks so much for posting this Gideon. I like your way of framing this into these two loose clusters, and especially your claim that it is good to have both. I completely agree. While my work is indeed more within the simple cluster, I feel that a fight over which approach is right would be misguided.
All phenomena can be modelled at lesser or greater degrees of precision, with different advantages and disadvantages of each. Often there are some sweet spots where there is an especially good tradeoff between accuracy and ability to actually use the model. We should try to find those and use them all to illuminate the issue.
There is a lot to be said for simple and for complex approaches. In general, my way forward with all kinds of topics is to start as simple as possible and only add complexity when it is clearly needed to address a glaring fault. We all know the truth is as complex as the universe, so the question is not whether the more complex model is more accurate, but whether it adds sufficient accuracy to justify the problems it introduces, such as reduced usability, reduced clarity, and overfitting. Sometimes it clearly is. Other times I don't see that it is and am happy to wait for those who favour the complex model to point to important results it produces.
One virtue of a simple model that I think is often overlooked is its ability to produce crisp insights that, once found, can be clearly explained and communicated to others. This makes knowledge sharing easier and makes it easier to build up a field's understanding from these crisp insights. I think the kind of understanding you gain from more complex models is often more a form of improving your intuitions and is harder to communicate, and doesn't typically come with a simple explanation that the other person can check to see if you are right without spending a similar amount of time with the model.
I really appreciate the explorative, curious, open and constructive approach Toby!
On 'what are some important results that a complex model produces', one nice example is a focus on vulnerability. That is, focus on improving general resilience, as well as preventing and mitigating particular hazards. This has apparently become best practice in many companies - e.g. rather than just listing hazards, focus also on having adequate capital reserves and some slack/redundancy in one's supply chains.
Matt Boyd and Nick Wilson have done some great complex-model-ish work looking at the resilience of island nations to a range of scenarios. One thing that turned up is that Aotearoa New Zealand has lots of food production, but transport of that food is reliant on road transport, and the country closed its only oil refinery. Having an oil refinery might increase its resilience/decrease its vulnerability.
I don't think that point would have necessarily come up in a 'simple-model' approach, but its concrete, tractable, important and plausibly a good thing to suggest the govt act on.
Of course, you touch on vulnerabilities in the Precipice. Nevertheless, its fun to wonder what a sequel would look like with each chapter framed around a critical system/vulnerability (food, health, communications) rather than each around a particular hazard.
Thanks for this Gideon. Having read this and your comments on my climate report, I am still not completely sure what the crux of the disagreement is between us. I get that you disagree with my risk estimates, but I don't really understand why. Perhaps we could discuss on here, if you were up for it
I obviously think we need more time to flesh out real cruxes but I think our differences are cruxes are probably a few fold:
I think I am considerably less confident than you in the capacity of the research we have done thus far to confidently suggest climate's contribute to existential risk. To some degree, I think the sort of evidence your happier relying on to make negative claims (ie not a major contributor to existential risk) I am much less happy with doing, as I think they often (and maybe always will) fail to account for plausible major contributors to the complexity of a system. This is both an advantage of the simple approach as Toby lays out earlier, but I'm more skeptical at its usage to make negative rather than positive claims.
I think you are looking for much better thought out pathways to catastrophe than I think is appropriate. I see climate acting as something acting to promote serious instability in a large number of aspects of a complex system, which should give us serious reasons to worry. This probably means my priors on climate are higher than yours immediately, as I'm of the impression you don't hold this "risk emerges from an inherently interconnected world" ontology. This is why I've often put our differences down to our ontology and how we view risk in the real world
Because of my ontology and epistemology, I think I'm happier to put more credence on things like past precedent (collapses trigger by climate change, mass extinctions etc.), and decently formulated theory (planetary boundaries for GCR (although I recognise their real inherent flaws!), the sort of stuff laid out in Avin et al 2018, whats laid out in Beard et al 2021 and Kemp et al 2022). I'm also happier to take on board a broader range of evidence, and look more at things like how risk spreads, vulnerabilities/exposures, feedbacks, responses (and the plausible negatives therin) etc, which I don't find your report convincing deals with, partially because they are really hard to deal with and partially because, particularly for the heavy tails of warming and other factors, there is a very small amount of research as Kemp et al lays out. Correct me if I'm wrong, but you see the world as a bit more understandable than I do, so simpler, quantitative, more rational models are seen as more important to be able to make any positive epistemic claim, and so you would somewhat reject the sort of analysis that I'm citing.
I'm also exceptionally skeptical of your claim that if direct risks are lower than indirect risks are lower; although I would reject the use of that language full stop
I also think its important to note that I make these claims in (mostly) the context of X-Risk. I think in "normal" scenarios, I would fall much closer to you than to disagreeing with you on a lot of things. But I think I have both a different ontology of existential risk (emerging mostly out of complex systems, so more like whats laid out in Beard et al 2021 and Kemp et al 2022) and perhaps more importantly a more pessimistic epistemology. As (partially) laid out when I discuss Existential Risk, Creativity and Well Adapted Science in the talk, I think that with Existential Risk negative statements (this won't do this) actually have a higher evidentiary burden than positive statements of a certain flavour (it is plausible that this could happen). Perhaps this is because my priors of existential risk from most things are pretty low (owing I think in part to my pessimistic epistemology) that it just does take much more evidence to cause me to update downwards than to be like "huh, this could be a contributor to risk actually!"
Does this answer our cruxes? I know this doesn't go into object level aspects of your report, but I think this may do a better job at explaining why we disagree, even when I do think your analysis is top-notch, albeit with a methodology that I disagree with on existential risk.
I also think its important that you know that I'm still not quite sure if I'm using the right language to explain myself here, and that my answer here is why I find your analysis unconvincing, rather than it being wrong. Perhaps as my views evolve I will look back and think differently. Anyway, I really would like to talk to you more about this at some point in the future.
Thanks yes that is helpful. Perhaps we can now get into the substance.
It is noteworthy how different your estimates of the x-risk of climate change are to all other published attempts to quantify the aggregate costs of climate change. All climate-economy models imply not just that climate change won't cause an existential catastrophe, but that average living standards will be higher in the future despite climate change. When people try to actually quantify and add up the effect on things like agriculture, sea level rise and so on, they don't get anywhere near to civilisational collapse, but instead get a counterfactual reduction in GDP on the order of 1-5% relative to a world with no climate change (not relative to today).
I don't think past precedent can take us very far here, since there are no precedents of climate change causing human extinction, though anthropics is obviously an issue here. In the report, I also discuss how in the last 160 million years, climate change has not been associated with elevated rates of species loss. Humans also survive and thrive in very diverse environmental niches at the moment, with an annual average temperature of 10ºC in the UK, but closer to 25ºC in South Asia. Within this annual average, there is also substantial diurnal and seasonal variation. It's around 5ºC in the UK now but will reach 20ºC in the summer. Humans have survived dramatic climate change over the last 300,000 years, and our hominid ancestors also survived when the world was about 4ºC warmer. It's hard to see why climate change of 2-4ºC would make such a massive difference, so as to constitute an existential catastrophe
I disagree about planetary boundaries for reasons I discuss in the report. I have examined several of the boundaries in depth and they just seem to be completely made up.
It is not true that there is a small amount of research on the tails of warming. Business as usual is now agreed to be 2.5ºC with something like a 1-5% chance of 4ºC. The impacts literature has in fact been heavily criticised for focusing too much on the impacts of RCP8.5, which implies 5ºC by 2100.
The approach that you advocate for seems to me to establish not just that climate change is a much bigger risk than commonly recognised but also that many other problems are as well. Other problems also have similar or larger effects to climate change when calculated in the usual way used in economic analysis. This includes things like mispricing of water, immigration restrictions, antimicrobial resistance, underinvestment in vaccines, a lot of things that affect the media, the prohibition of GM food, underinvestment in R&D, bad monetary policy, economists focusing on RCTs, housing regulation, the drug war etc. If climate change is a cascading risk on the order of 0.01pp to 1pp, then these problems should be as well. But if they are as well, then total existential risk from non-AI and non-bio sources is way way higher than commonly recognised and doom is almost certain. The reasoning suggests that the world is so fragile that it is unlikely that we could even have got to the current level of technological development.
I would view a lot of my report as assessing cascading risk. I discuss pathways such as climate change => civil conflict => political instability => interstate war. I also discuss effects on migration and the spillover effects this might have. What difference would a cascading risk approach take here? Related to this, I don't view causal chains like this as very understandable and I say so in the report. But we still have ideas about how big effects some things have. The causes of war between the US and China or Russia and China
I think its important to note that much of the literature looking at those estimates for extreme scenarios (not just extreme levels of warming, but other facets of the extremes as well), has suggested that current techniques for calculating climate damage aren't great at the extremes, and tend to function well only when close to status quo. So we should expect that these models don't act appropriately under the conditions we are interested in when exploring GCR/X-Risk. This has pretty commonly been discussed in the literature on these things (Beard et al 2021, Kemp et al 2022, Wagner &Weitzmann 2015, Weaver et al 2010 etc.)
I still think past events can give us useful information. Firstly, climate change has been a contributing factor to A LOT of societal collapses; whilst these aren't perfect analagies and do show a tremendous capacity of humanity to adapt and survive, they do show the capacity of climate change to contribute to major socio-political-technological crises, which may act as a useful proxy for what we are trying to look for. Moreover, whilst a collapse isn't an extinction, if we care about existential risk, we might indeed be pretty worried about collapse if it makes certain lock-in more or less likely, but to be honest thats a discussion for another time. Moreover, whilst I think your paleoclimatic argument is somewhat reasonable, given the limited data here (and your reliance on a few data points + a large reliance on a single study of plant diversity (which is fine by the way, we have limited data in general!)), I don't find it hugely comforting. Particularly because climate change seems to have been a major factor in all of the big 5 mass extinction events, and the trends that Song et al 2021 note in their analysis of temperature change and mass extinction over the Phraneozoic. They mostly use marine animals. When dealing with pass processes, explainations are obviously difficult to disentangle, so there are reasons to be sceptical of the causal explanatory power of Song's analysis, although obvious such similar uncertainty should be applied to your analysis, particularly with the claims of this fundamental step change 145 million years ago.
Whilst planetary boundaries do have their flaws and to some degree where they are set is quasi-arbitary, as discussed in the talk, something like this may be necessary when acting under such deep uncertainty; don't walk out into the dark forest and all that. Moreover, I think your report fails to argue convincingly against the BRIHN framework that Baum et al 2014 developed, in part in response to the Nordhaus criticisms which you cite.
Extreme climate change is not just RCP 8.5/ SSP5-8.5, its much broader than that. Kemp et al 2022's response to Burgess et al's comment lays out this argument decently well, as does Climate Endgame itself.
I don't really understand this point, particularly in response to my talk. I explicitly suggest in my talk I think systemic risk, which those could all contribute to, are very important. The call for more complex risk assessment (the core point of the talk alongside a call for pluralism) is that there are likely significant limits to conventional economic analysis in analysing complex risk. The disagreement on this entire point seems to be explained reasonably well by the difference between the simple/complex approach.
I think your causal pathways are too simple and defined (ie they are those 1st and 2nd order indirect impacts), and probably don't account for the ways in which climate could contribute to cascading risk. Whilst of course this is still under explored, some of the concepts in Beard et al 2021 and Richards et al 2021 are a useful starting place, and I don't really see how your report refutes the concepts around cascades they bring up. I'd also like to agree these cascades are really hard to understand, but I struggle to see how that fact acts in the favour of your approach and conclusions?
I agree that climate-economy models aren't good at some types of extremes, but I think there are different versions of this argument, some of which have become weaker over the years. One of Weitzman's points was that there was a decidedly non-negligible chance of more than 6ºC and our economic models weren't good at capturing how bad this would be and so tended to underestimate climate risk. I think this was basically right at the time he was writing. But since 5ºC now looks less and less likely, this critique has less and less bite. Because there is such a huge literature on the impact of 5ºC, the models now in principle have a much firmer foundation for damage estimates. eg the Takakura 2019 paper that I go on about in the report uses up to date literature on a wide range of impact channels, but still only gets like a 5% counterfactual reduction in welfare-equivalent of GDP by 2100, and so probably higher average living standards than today.
Another version of this is that the models aren't good at capturing tipping points. I agree with this, but I also find it difficult to see how this would make a dramatic difference to the damage estimates if you actually drill down into the literature on the impact of different tipping points. Tipping points that might cause different levels of warming are not relevant to damage estimates, so the main ones that seem relevant are ice sheet collapse, regional precipitation and temperature changes, such as changes in monsoons, which might be caused eg by collapse of the AMOC. For the impacts discussed in the literature, it is difficult to see how you get anywhere close to an existential catastrophe if any of these things happen.
Aside from that, it is noteworthy that some economic models actually try to capture the literature on the impact of warming of 5ºC on things like agriculture, sea level rise, temperature-related deaths, lost productivity from heat etc. There is a group of scientists who say that 3ºC/4ºC is catastrophic on the basis of what the scientific literature says about these impacts. The models strongly suggest that they are wrong, and it is not clear what their response is.
All this being said, I am sympathetic to some critiques of the economic models, eg a lot of the Nordhaus stuff. When I was writing the report, I had thought about putting no weight on them at all, but after digging a bit I changed my mind. I think some of the models make a decent stab at quantifying aggregate costs.
I agree that climate changes have contributed at least to some civilisational trauma throughout history. The literature on this suggests that climate change has been correlated with local civilisational trauma. But: (a) local collapse is a far cry from global collapse; (b) most of the time this was due to cooling rather than warming; (c) the mechanism was usually damage to agricultural output, but there is now far more slack in the system, and we have massively better technology to deal with any disruption; (d) we in general have far more advanced technology, and whereas in the past >90% of the workforce would have been employed in agriculture, now <20% is (or whatever); (e) the relationship between climate change and civilisational turmoil breaks down by the industrial revolution, which provides some support for point (c).
The paleoclimate point doesn't rely on one datapoint: it's data from 160 million years of climatic and evolutionary history. Massive climate change over that period didn't cause species extinctions, as some might have expect it to have done.
As you say, with climate change, the extinctions usually happened among marine life, due to ocean anoxia and ocean acidification, and it's hard to see the mechanism by which CO2 pollution would cause land-based extinctions, unless something else weird happens at the time, such as a volcanic eruption puncturing though salt deposits as happened at the Permian.
For the level of warming that now looks likely of 2-4ºC, it's really hard to see why it would cause similar damage eg to the Permian, given that the effect is an order of magnitude smaller.
I don't think they are quasi-arbitrary, they are totally arbitrary. eg they propose a planetary boundary for biodiversity intactness which by their own admission is made up. The boundary also can't be real since various countries across Eurasia completely destroyed their pre-modern ecosystems after the agricultural revolution without causing anything like civilisational collapse.
A lot of people criticise planetary boundaries for being political advocacy. The clearest evidence for this is Steffen et al proposing a supposed planetary boundary for a 'Hothouse earth' at 2ºC (which happens to be the Paris target) on the basis of no argument.
When we are acting under uncertainty I think we should use expected value. Alleged boundaries might be a useful schelling point for political negotiation (like the 2ºC threshold), but it's not a good approach for actually quantifying risk. Another downside of a boundary is that it implies that anything we do once we pass the boundary is pointless.
Kemp, Jehn and others claim that the effect of warming of more than 3ºC is 'severely neglected'. But all of the impacts literature explores the effect of rcp8.5 by 2100, which implies 4-5ºC of warming. Jehn's search strategy uses temperature mentions to measure neglect, but if you use RCP mentions, you don't get the same result.
My argument here was that I think your argument proves too much - it suggests that the world is extremely fragile to eg agricultural disruption and heat waves that happen all the time. Given that the world was eg a lot poorer in 1980 and so had a lot lower adaptive capacity, why didn't various weather disasters trigger cascading catastrophes back then? The number of people dying in weather-related disasters has declined massively over time, so we should expect the cascade to have happened in the 1920s and less so in the future?
I also don't see why cascading risk would change the cause ranking among top causes. Why aren't democratised bioweapons and AI also cascading risks?
What are the causal pathways that might contribute to conflict risk that you think I have missed? I don't really get what is meant to happen that I haven't already discussed. I talk about all of the contributors to war outlined in textbooks about war and combine that with the literature on climate impacts. It is just really a stretch to make it an important contributor to US-China dynamics.
In particular, climate economy models still do bad at the heavy tail, not just of warming, but at civilisational vulnerability etc, again presenting a pretty "middle of the road" rather than heavy tailed distribution. The sort of work from Beard et al 2021 for instance highlights something I think the models pretty profoundly miss. Similarly, I'd be really interested in research similar to Mani et al 2021 on extreme weather events and how this may change due to climate change.
I dpon't see why the models discount the idea that there is a low but non-negligable probability of catastrophic consequences from 3-4 degrees of warming. What aspect of the models? I'm reticent to rely on things like damage functions here, as they don't seem to engage with the possib;le heavy-tailedness of damage. Whilst I agree that the models probably are decent approximations of reality, I'm just not really very sure they are useful at telling us anything about the low probabil;ity high impact scenarios that we are worried about here.
Whilst I agree there are reasons to think our vulnerability is less, there is clear reasons to think with a growing interconnected (and potentially fragile) global network and economy, our vulnerability is increasing, meaning that whilst the past collapse data might not be prophetic, there is at least value in it; after all, we are in a very evidence poor environment, meaning that I would be reticent to dismiss it as strongly as you seem to. And whilst it is true our agricultural system is more resilient, there is still a possibility of multiple breadbasket failures etc caused by climate change, and the beard et al and richards et al both explore plausible pathways to this. Again, whilst the past collapse data is definitely not a slam dunk in my favour, I would at least argue it is an update nonetheless. I think you might argue the fact that none led to human extinction makes that data an update in yopur direction, and i think your view on this depends on whether you see collapse and GCR and extinction on a continuum or not; I broadly do, and I assume you broadly don't?
When I said one data point, I meant really one study. The reason I say this, is as cited, studies of different species/ species groups. In your comment, you don't seem to engage with Song et al 2021. Kaiho at al 2022 also shows a positive relationship between warming and extinction rate. Moreover, I think it takes an overly confident view of our understanding of kill mechanisms, and seems to suggest that just because we don't have all what you speculate were the important factors that were present in past mass extinctions doesn't make that not useful evidence. I think a position like Keller et al 2018 (PETM as the best case, KPg as the worst case) is probably useful at looking at this (only using modern evidence!). Once again, this is an attempt by me, in a low evidence situation, to make best use of the evidence available, and I don't find your points compelling enough to make me not think that this past precident can't be informative.
On the Planetary Boundaries, you don't seem to be engaging with what I'm saying here, which is most alluding to the Baum et al paper on this. Moreover, even if you think we are to use EV, what are you basing the probabilities on? I assume some sort of subjective bayesianism, in which case you'll have to tell me why I should put a decently high (>1%) prior on moving beyond certain Holocene boundaries posing a genuine threat to humanity? That seems perfectly reasonable to me
I'm not really sure I understand the argument? Whilst in some ways the world has indeed got less vulnerable, in other ways it has got more connected, more economically vulnerable to natural disasters etc. Cascading impact seems to be seen more along these lines than along others. Moreover, if you only had a 5% probability of such a cascade occuring over a century, and we have hardly had a hyper-globalised economy for even that long, why would you expect it to have happened already? Your statements here seem pretty out of step with my actual probabilities etc.. And as I talk about in my talk, I also see problems from AI, biorisk and a whole host more. Thats why this talk, and this approach, is seriously not just about climate change; the hope is to add another approach to studying X-Risk.
I'm also pretty interested in your approach to evidence on X-Risk. I should say from the outset that I think climate change is unlikely to cause a catastrophe, but I don't think you have provided compelling evidence that the probability is exceptionally small. Your evidence often seems to rely on the very things that we think ought to be suspect in X-Risk scenarios (economic models, continued improved resilience, best case scenario analogies etc.), and you seem to reject some things that might be useful for reasoning in such evidence poor environments (plausibly useful but somewhat flawed historical analogies, foresight, storytelling, scenarios etc.) . Basically, you seem to have a pretty high bar for evidence to be worried about climate change, which whilst I in general think is useful, I'm just not sure how appropriate it is in such an evidence poor environment as X-Risk, including climate change contributions to it. Its pretty interesting that you seem very willing to rely on much more speculative evidence for AI and biorisk (eg probabilistic forecasts which don't have track records of being able to work well over such long time scales), and I genuinely wonder why this is. Note that such more speculative approaches (in this case superforecasters) gave a 1% probability of climate change being a necessary but not sufficent cause of human extinction by 2100, and gave an even higher probability to global catastrophe by 2100, which certainly then has the probability of later leading to extinction. Whilst I myself am somewhat sceptical of such approaches, I'd be interested in seeing why you seem accepting of them for bio and AI but not climate? Is it because you see evaluation of the existential risk from climate change as a much more evidence rich environment than for bio/AI?
I'm not sure they're middle of the road on civilisational vulnerability. It would be pretty surprising if extreme weather events made a big difference to the overall picture. For the kinds of extreme weather events one sees in the literature, it's just not a big influence on global GDP. How bad would a hurricane or flood have to be to push things from 'counterfactual GDP reduction of 5%' to civilisational collapse.
I don't think they fully discount/ignore the possibility of catastrophe 3/4ºC. In part this is just an outcome of the models and of the scientific literature. There are no impacts that come close to catastrophe in the scientific literature for 3/4ºC. I agree they miss some tipping points, but looking at the scientific literature on that, it's hard to see how it would make a big difference to the overall picture.
I haven't read those papers and don't have time to do so now unfortunately. My argument there doesn't rely on one study but on a range of studies in the literature for different warm periods. The Permian was a very extreme and unusual case because it caused such massive land-based extinctions, which was caused by the release of halogens, which is not relevant to future climate change. Also, both the Permian and PETM were extremely hot relative to what we now seem to be in for (17ºC vs 2.5ºC).
I'm not sure I see how I am not engaging with you on planetary boundaries. I thought we were disagreeing about whether to put weight on planetary boundaries, and I was arguing that the boundaries just seem made up. Using EV may have its own problems but that doesn't make planetary boundaries valid.
I don't really see how the world now is more vulnerable to any form of weather events in any respect than it has been at any other point in human history. Society routinely absorbs large bad weather events; they don't even cause local civilisational collapse any more (in middle and high income countries). Deaths from weather disasters have declined dramatically over the last 100 or so years, which is pretty strong evidence that societal resilience is increasing not decreasing. In the pre-industrial period, all countries suffered turmoil and hunger due to cold and droughts. This doesn't happen any more in countries that are sufficiently wealthy. Many countries now suffer drought, almost entirely due to implicit subsidies for agricultural water consumption. It is very hard to see how this could lead to eg to collapse in California or Spain.
Can you set out an example of a cascading causal process that would lead to a catastrophe?
I'm not sure that there is some meta-level epistemic disagreement, I think we just disagree about what the evidence says about the impacts of climate change. In 2016, I was much more worried than the average FHI person about climate change, but after looking at the impacts literature and recent changes in likely emissions, I updated towards climate change being a relatively minor risk. Comparing to bio for instance, after reading about trends in gene synthesis technologies and costs, it takes about 30 minutes to see how it poses a major global catastrophic risk in the coming decades. I've been researching climate change for six years and struggle to see it. I am not being facetious here, this is my honest take.
Thanks for this it is useful. What is your estimate of the existential risk due to climate change? I obviously have it very low, so it would be useful to know where you are at on that. Could you explain what the main drivers of the risk are, from your point of view? Then we can get into the substance a bit more
I suppose the problem with that question from my perspective is I don't think "existential risk due to X" really exists, as I explain in the talk. The number of percentage points it raises overall risk by, I would put climate change between <0.01% and 2%, and I would probably put overall risk at between 0.01% to 10% or something. But I'm not sure that I actually have much confidence in many approaches to xrisk quantification (as per Beard et al 2020a), even if it does make quantification easier.
Some of the main contributions to risk from climate, but note a number may also be unknown or unidentifiable:
SometimesI recognize that your questions may be rhetorical, but here are some answers:
1. prioritize, by type of harm, the harms to avoid. The classic approach to understanding harm is to rank death as the greatest harm, with disease and other harms less harmful than death. I don't agree with this but that's not relevant. Some explicit ranking of harms to avoid clarifies costs associated with different actions.
NOTE: The story of climate change is one of rich countries making most of the anthropogenic GHG's, damaging ecosystems more, threatening carbon sinks more, etc. Proactive actions can avoid more extreme harms but have known and disliked consequences, particularly for the wealthier of two compromising to save both (for example, societies, countries, or interest groups).
2. recognize the root causes. If you cannot play it safe, then harms will occur no matter what. In that case, recognize root causes of your quandary so that civilization has an opportunity to not repeat the mistake that got you where you are. In the case of climate change, I perceive a root cause shows in the simple equation impacts = population * per capita consumption. You can get fancy with rates or renewable resources or pollution sinks, but basically: consume less or shrink the population.
TIP: The problem reduces to the population size of developed countries offering plentiful public goods while allowing citizens to accumulate private goods. I've seen the suggestion to increase public goods and reduce private consumption. Another idea is to offer consistent family planning emphasizing women's health and economic opportunities as well as free birth control for all, such as free condoms and free vasectomies for men.
3. find the neglected differences between actual, believed, and claimed assertions. As the situation is evolving into an existential crisis, differences appear between public claims, believed information, and the actual truth. During the crisis, the difference between beliefs and the truth gets less attention. Truth-seeking is ignored or assumed complete. You can buck that trend.
EXAMPLE: Right now, the difference to correct could be between claims and beliefs (for example, politicians lying about climate change), but another difference that is more neglected is between truths and beliefs about the lifestyle implications of successfully mitigating climate change. That is where we are now, I believe. People in the developed world are afraid that mitigating climate change for the global population will wreck their modern lifestyle. In many cases, I suspect those fears are overblown.
CAUTION: In a future of real extremes, involving the plausible loss of 100's of millions of lives, don't (claim to) expect that obvious solutions like "let 100 million climate migrants into the US over 5 years" will be easily accepted. Instead, expect the gap between claims and beliefs to widen as hidden agendas are acted upon. Climate change issues of rights, fairness, justice, and ethics, not just economics or technology, have been consistently neglected. The endgame looks to be a harmful one.
4. close information gaps wherever you can: Earth science can be confusing. You can follow most of a discussion easily but then lose understanding at some key point because the researcher is being a geek and doesn't know how to communicate their complicated information well. Sometimes there's no way to make the presentation any simpler. Sometimes, there isn't enough information or the information is aged out but not updated fast enough. Policy guidance appears to stick longer than real-time measurements of earth system changes allow. This is a point of frustration and a policy bottleneck that actually comes from the research side. Examples of such issues include:
loss of carbon sinks that are tipping elements are not factored into carbon budget calculations at rates reflective of current and short-term expected changes to those sinks. Neither are other forcings on tipping elements (for example, people clearing the Amazon for farming).
smaller scale features relevant to ocean current modeling or weather changes due to climate. These require a model "grid size" of about 1km in contrast to 100x larger grid sizes used for modeling climate. Or thereabouts, according to one discussion I followed. The gist for me that modeling climate change in the ocean or as it affects weather in real-time is not happening effectively yet.
correct interpretation of statistics, units, terminology or research purpose prevents confusion about limits, measurements, and tracking of changes in atmospheric heating, tipping element significance, and the significance of concepts like global average surface temperature (GAST). There are many examples, some of which baffled me, including:
the relationship between gigatons and petagrams
the difference between CO2 and CO2e
amounts referring to carbon (C) vs carbon dioxide (CO2)
the relationship between GAST increases and regional temperature increases
the difference between climate and weather
the rate of warming of the Arctic
the relationship between heating impact and decay rate of CH4 (methane)
the % contribution of land vs ocean carbon sinks to total carbon uptake
Here's a thought about the use of the word "ontology". I actually chose that word myself for a criticism I submitted to the Red Team Contest this year. I think no one has read it. However, I suspect that its use by you, someone who gets noticed, could put EA's off, since it is rarely used outside discussion of knowledge representation or philosophy. That said, I agree with your use of it. However, if you have doubts, other choices of words or phrases with similar meaning to "ontology" include:
model of the world
beliefs about the world
idea of reality
worldview
reality (as you understand it)
In a revision of my criticism (still in process), I introduce a table of alternatives:
EA terminology
probabilism-avoiding alternative
example of use
possible
plausible
it is plausible that the planet will reach 6C GAST by 2100.
impossible
implausible or false
It is false that the planet reached -1C GAST in 2020.
likely or probable
expected ... if/assuming ...
It is expected that solar power development will add to global energy production, rather than substitute for existing production, assuming business as usual continues.
unlikely
not expected
It is not expected that countries will stay under their carbon budgets between now and 2030.
risk
danger
The existential danger from climate destruction is apparently still controversial.
uncertain
unknown
The danger of human extinction from the proximate cause of climate change is unknown.
uncertainty
ignorance
At the moment, there is some unavoidable ignorance reflected by inferences of changes in weather from changes in climate.
chance that
opportunity for
There is an opportunity for the faith of techno-optimists to be vindicated.
usually
typically
Typically the corrupt politicians and selfish business barons work against the common good.
update
change or constrain
I constrained my beliefs about Greenland resilience against melting after learning that Greenland altitude losses could turn its snow to rain.
**EDIT:**Sorry I cannot get this table to render well
I'm not recommending those changes to your vocabulary, since you are dealing with foresight and forecasting while juggling models from Ord, Halstead, and other EAs. However, if you do intend to "take a break" from thinking probabilistically, consider some of the alternatives I offered here. It can also be helpful to make these changes when your audience needs to discuss scenarios as opposed to forecasts.
I have not spent much time studying geo-engineering, but I have formed the impression that climate scientists look at polar use of water vapor for marine cloud brightening with less fear than the use of aerosols like diamond dust elsewhere in the world. EDIT:Apparently Marine Cloud Brightening is a local effort with much shorter residence time, giving more time for gathering feedback, whereas aerosol dusts are generally longer-term and potentially global.
Also I recall a paint that is such a brilliant white that its reflectivity should match that of clean snow. If the world's roofs were painted with that paint, could that cool the planet through the albedo effect, or would the cooling effect remain local? I need some clarity on the albedo effect, but I'll leave the math to you for the moment, and best of success with your efforts!
Hi John, thanks for the comment, I've DM'd you about it. I think it may be easier if we did the discussion in person before putting something out on the forum, as there is probably quite a lot to unpack, so let me know if you would be up for this?
While I do suggest a 0.1% probability of existential catastrophe from climate change, note that this is on my more restricted definition, where that is roughly the chance that humanity loses almost all its longterm potential due to a climate catastrophe. On Beard et al's looser definition, I might put that quite a bit higher (e.g. I think there is something more like a 1% chance of a deep civilisation collapse from climate change, but that in most such outcomes we would eventually recover). And I'd put the risk factor from climate change quite a bit higher than 0.1% too — I think it is more of a risk factor than a direct risk.
The problem in my view, is that climate change could, if severe enough (say >3.5 degrees before 2100) become a "universal stressor", increasing the probability of various risks that in turn make other risks more likely. For example: economic stagnation, institutional decay, political instability, inter-state conflicts, great power conflicts, zoonotic spillover events, large and destabilizing refugee flows, famine, etc. Every item on this list is made more likely in a warmer planet, but also made worse, because we will have fewer resources to deal with them.
Each of these adverse events also increases the risk of other adverse events. So even if CC only increases the risk of each event by a small percent, the total risk added to the system could be considerable.
With regards to the worst risks, this becomes even more problematic. Consider a nuclear winter scenario. That is pretty bad. But a nuclear winter scenario in combination (partly caused by) with a severe climate crisis is much worse (since CC will affect many countries that will be spared from NW, but also because countries suffering from CC will have fewer resources to help refugees etc).
Now consider the added risk that a zoonotic spillover event might happen. This is also made more likely by CC. But in the case that we combine social collapse due to CC with zoonotic spillover it becomes more and more difficult to see a path from there to recovery.
I'm sad that I missed your talk in Rotterdam. I want to briefly flag a concern I have with advocating 'systems thinking' or 'a complex systems approach'. While the promise is always nice, I think you need to deliver on the promise right away, since otherwise you risk just making a point that is unfalsifiable or somewhat of an applause light (no one will exclaim "we don't need complexity to describe complex phenomena!") .
- Use a model from complexity science and show that it explains something otherwise left unexplained or show that it outperforms some other model on a relevant feature. -You'll probably want to make use of (1) Agent Based Modelling, (2) Network Models, (3) Statistical Physics and common models like Ising, Hard Spheres, Lennard Jones potentials etc, (4) Dynamical System Analysis (5) Bifurcation Analysis or (6) Cellular Automata. -You can find a good introduction to most of these here -Using these methods also demystifies the whole concept of "complexity" a little bit, and makes it more mundane (though you can never get enough of the Ising Model :D)
So yeah, endorse your message, but please make it testable and quantitative soon!
Martijn, your comment points me to something I've noticed around communicating 'systems thinking' and a complexity mindset with some EAs. Gideon points to a more fundamental ontological difference between those who tend to focus on that which is predictable (measurable and quantifieable) and those who pay attention to shifting patterns that seem contextual and more nebulous.
I read your comment as an invitation to translate across different ontologies - to explain the nebulous concretely, to explain the unpredictable in predictable terms. I personally haven't found success in my attempts, and I'd love to hear more about how you communicate around complexity.
I've most often found success in pointing out parts of one's experience that feel unknown and then getting mutually curious about the successful strategies one might use to navigate. To invite one into a place where their existing tools aren't working anymore and there is real curiosity to try a different approach. When I've tried speaking about complexity in the abstract or as applied to something that people see as 'potentially predictable', the deeper sense of complexity tends to be missed - often getting translated into "that's a cool tool, but aren't you just describing a more accurate way of modeling?"
The comment below about embracing a pluralistic approach seems to provide a path forward that doesn't rely on translation though... lots of interesting ideas in this comment section already.
I worry that a naïve approach to complexity and pluralism is detrimental, but agree that this is important. As you said, "the complex web of impacts of research also need to be untangled. This is tricky, and needs to be done very carefully."
I also think that you're preaching to the choir, in an important sense. The people in EA working on existential risk reduction are aware of the complexity of the debates and discussions, while the average EA posting on the forum seems not to be. This is equivalent to the difference between climate expert's views and the lay public.
To explain the example more, I think that most people's view of climate risk isn't that it destabilizes complex systems and may contribute to risk understood broadly in unpredictable ways. Their view is that it's bad, and we need to stop it, and that worrying about other things isn't productive because we need to do something about the bad thing now. But this leads to approaches that could easily contribute to risks rather than mitigate them - a more fragile electrical grid, or as you cited from Tang and Kemp. more reliance on mitigations like geoengineering that are poorly understood and build in new systemic risks of failure.
Of course, popular science books don't necessarily go into the details, or when read casually leave the lay public with a at least somewhat misleading view - but one that pushes in the direction of supporting actions that the experts recommend. (Note that as a general rule, people working in the climate space are not pushing for geoengineering, they are pushing for emissions reductions, work increasing resilience to impacts, and similar.) The equivalent in EA is skimming the precipice, and ignoring Toby's footnotes, citations, and cautions. Those first starting to work on risk and policy , or writing EA forum posts often have this view, but I think it's usually tempered fairly quickly via discussion. Unfortunately, many who see the discussions simply claim longtermism is getting everything wrong, while agreeing with us on both priorities, and approaches.
So I agree that we need to appreciate the more sophisticated approach to risk, and blend them with cause prioritization and actually considering what might work. I also strongly applaud your efforts to inject nuance and push in the right direction, appropriately, without ignoring the nuance and complexity. And yes, squaring the circle with effectiveness is a difficult question - but I think it's one that is appreciated.
Thank you for writing this post. I'm currently a technical alignment researcher who spent 4 years in government doing various roles, and my impression has been the same as yours regarding the current "strategy" for tackling x-risks. I talk about similar things (foresight) in my recent post. I'm hoping technical people and governance/strategy people can work together on this to identify risks and find golden opportunities for reducing risks.
Thanks for this speech Gideon, an important point and one that I obviously agree with a lot. I thought I'd just throw in a point about policy advocacy. One benefit of the simple/siloed/hazard-centric approach is that that really is how government departments, academic fields and NGO networks are often structured. There's a nuclear weapons field of academics, advocates and military officials that barely interacts with even the the biological weapons field.
Of course, one thing that 'complex-model' thinking can hopefully do is identify new approaches to reduce risk and/or new affected parties and potential coalition partners - such as bringing in DEFRA and thinking about food networks.
As a field, we need to be able to zoom in and out, focus on different levels of analysis to spot possible solutions.
This seems to primarily be a problem with the AI-risk researchers, who I feel have done an inadequate job of explaining the actual mechanisms by which an AI could kill humanity. For example, the article "what could an AI catastrophe look like" talks a lot about how an AI could gain power, but only has like one paragraph on the actual destruction part:
But in the background it was using its extremely advanced capabilities to find a way to gain the absolute ability to achieve its goals without human interference — say, by discreetly manufacturing a biological or chemical weapon.
It deploys the weapon, and the story is over.
But the story is not over. An AI is not infallible, and it's weapons won't be either. You can engineer a very deadly disease, for example, but have no control over how it evolves. The probability of success of such an attack can therefore be dependent on the state of the world at the time it is deployed. A united, peaceful, adaptable world with robust nuclear and pandemic security might be able to stave off such an attack and fight it off, whereas one that is weakened by conflict , famine, climate change etc might not.
I think you're confused about what different parts of the AI risk community are concerned about. Your explanation addresses the risks of human-caused, AGI assisted catastrophe. What Eliezer and others are warning about is a post-foom misaligned AGI. And no, a united, peaceful, adaptable world that managed to address the specific risks of pandemics and nuclear war would not be in a materially better position to "stave off" a highly-superhuman agent that controls its communications systems. This is akin to the paradigm of computer security by patching individual components - it will keep out the script-kiddies, but not the NSA.
So as far as I understand it, the key question that splits between different parts of the AI risk community is what the timeline for AGI takeoff is, and that has little to do with cultural approach to risk, and everything to do with the risk analysis itself. (And we already had the rest of this discussion in the comments on the link to your views on non-infallible AGI.)
Foom is not a requirement for AI-risk worries. If it was, I would be even less worried, because in my opinion ai-go-foom is extremely unlikely. Correct me if I'm wrong, but I was under the impression that plenty of Ai x-riskers were not foomers?
I was inexact - by "post-foom" I simply meant after a capabilities takeoff occurs, regardless of whether than takes months, years, or even decades - as long as humanity doesn't manage to notice and successfully stop ASI from being deployed.
I agree that if an AGI is nigh-magically omnipotent, it can kill us no matter what, but what about the far more likely case where it isn't?
Let's say the AI tries to create nanoprobes in secret, but has limited testing capabilities and has to make a bunch of assumptions, some of which turn out to be wrong. It implements a timing mechanism to release the gas, but due to unforeseen circumstances some percentage of them activate early, tipping some researchers off in advance. The dispersal mechanism is not 100% uniform, so some pockets of the world are unaffected, and for some reason the attack is ineffective in very cold conditions, so far northern countries escape relatively unscathed, and due to variations in biology and mitigation efforts the death rate ends up being 90%, not 100%. The remaining humans immediately shut down electricity worldwide, and attempt to nuke and bomb the shit out of areas where the AI is still operating, while developing countermeasures for the nanoprobes.
This type of scenario is far more likely than the one in that post, and it's one where humanity has at least a sliver of a chance... If we're prepared and resilient enough. This is why even if you believe in AGI x-risk, the wellbeing of the world still matters.
I just call it murphy's law. "Kill all of humanity simultaneously" is a ridiculously difficult and ambitious task, that has to be completed on the first try with very little build-up or prior testing. Why would "this plan goes off perfectly without a single hitch" be your default assumption? Even the most intelligent being in the world would have to make imperfect assumptions and guesses.
It sounds ridiculously difficult to us, but that's because we are human. I imagine that a chimp would think that "take over the world and produce enough food for billions of people" is similarly difficult (or indeed, "kill all chimps"), or an ant colony not being able to conceive of its destruction by human house builders. There is nothing in the laws of physics to say that we are anywhere close to the upper limit of optimisation capability (intelligence). A superintelligent AI won't just be like a super-smart human, it will be on a completely different level (as we are to chimps, or ants). There is more than enough information out there (online) for it to reverse engineer anything it needed.
A chimp would think that "take over the world and produce enough food for billions of people" is similarly difficult
And they would be completely correct in that assessment!
Once we gained "superintelligence" in our cognitive ability relative to chimps, it still took us the order of tens of thousands of years to achieve world domination, involving an unimaginable amount of experimentation and mistakes along the way.
This is not evidence for the claim that an AGI can do nigh-magical feats on the very first try! If anything, it's evidence against it.
It is quantity, and speed as well. And access to information. A prehistoric immortal human with access to the Internet who could experience fifty thousand years of thinking time in a virtual world in 5 hours of wall clock time totally could build a nuke!
Well of course, that's not much of an achievement. A regular human with access to the internet could figure out how to build a nuke, they've already been made!
An AGI trying to build a "protein mixing that makes a nanofactory that makes a 100% effective kill everyone on earth device" is much more analogous to the man locked in a cave.
The immortal man had some information, he can look at the rocks, remember the night sky, etc. He could probably deduce quite a lot, with enough thinking time. But if he wants to get the information required for a nuke, he needs to do scientific experiments that are out of his reach.
The caged AGI has plenty information, and can go very far on existing knowledge. But it's not omniscient. It could probably achieve incredible things, but we're not talking about mere miracles. We're talking about absolute perfection. And that requires testing and empirical evidence. There is not enough computing power in the entireuniverse to deduce everything from first principles.
It's not "absolute perfection" to create nanotech. Biology has already done it many times via evolution. And extinctions of species happen regularly in nature. Also, there is the Internet and a vast array of sensors attached to it, so it's nothing like being in a cave. Testing can be done very rapidly in parallel and with viewing things at very high temporal and spatial resolution, so plenty of empirical evidence can be accumulated in a short (wall clock) time (but long thinking time for the AI).
The same prehistoric man with access to the Internet in a speeded up simulation thinking for fifty thousand years of subjective time (and the ability to communicate with hundreds of thousands of humans simultaneously given the speed advantage) could also make nanotech (or other new tech current humans haven't yet produced).
When I said "absolute perfection", I was not referring to inventing nanotech. I was referring to "protein mixing that makes a nanofactory that makes a 100% effective kill everyone on earth device". Theres a bit of a difference between the two.
Now, when talking about the caveman, I think we've finally arrived at the fundamental disagreement here. As a scientist, and as an empiricist more broadly, I completely reject that the man in the cave could make nanotech.
The number of possible worlds where a cave exists is gargantuan. Theres no way for them to come up with, say, the periodic table, because the majority of elements on there are not accessible with the instruments available within the cave. I can imagine them strolling out with a brilliant plan for nanobots consisting of a complex crystal of byzantium mixed with corillium, only to be informed that neither of those elements exist on earth.
Now, the AI does have more data, but not all data is equally useful. All the cat videos in the world are not gonna get you nanotech (although you might get some of newtonian physics out of it).
The hypothetical is that the "cave" man has access to our Internet! (As the AI would). So they would know about the periodic table. They would also have access to labs throughout the world via being able to communicate with the workers in them (as the AI would), view camera and data feeds etc. Imagine what you could achieve if you could think 1,000,000x faster and use the internet - inc chatting/emailing with many thousands of humans - at that speed. A lifetime's worth of work done every 10 minutes. And that's just assuming the AI is only human level (and doesn't get smarter!)
An entity with access to a nanotech lab who is able to perform experiments in that lab can probably built nanotech, eventually. But that's a much different scenarios to the ones proposed by yudkowsky et al. (the scenario I'm talking about is in point 2)
Can I ask you to give an answer to the following four scenarios? A probability estimate is also fine:
Can the immortal man in the cave, after a million years of thinking, comes out with a fully functional blueprint for an atomic bomb (ie not just the idea, something that could actually be built without modification)?
Can the immortal man in the cave, after a million years of thinking, comes out with a plan for "protein mixing that makes a nanofactory that makes a nanofactory that makes a 100% effective kill everyone on earth in the same second device"?
Can An AGI in a box (ie, that can see a snapshot of the internet but not interact with it), come up with a plan for "protein mixing that makes a nanofactory that makes a nanofactory that makes a 100% effective kill everyone on earth in the same second device"?
Can An AGI with full access to the internet, come up with a plan for "protein mixing that makes a nanofactory that makes a nanofactory that makes a 100% effective kill everyone on earth in the same second device"?, within years or decades?
Assuming the man in the cave has full access to the Internet (which would be very easy for an AGI to get), 1. yes, 2. yes, 3. maybe, 4. yes. And for 3, it would very likely escape the box, so would end up as yes.
I think it's a failure of imagination to think otherwise. A million years is a really long time! You mention combinatorial explosions making things "impossible", but we're talking about AGIs (and humans) here - intelligences capable of collapsing combinatorial explosions with leaps of insight.
Do you think, in the limit of a simulation on the level of recreating the entire history of evolution, including humans and our civilisations, these things would still be impossible? Do you think that we are at the upper limit (or very close to it) of theoretically possible intelligence? Or theoretically possible technology?
I do not think we are at the upper limit of intelligence, nor technology. That was never the point. My point is merely that there are limits to what can be deduced from first principles, no matter how fast you think, or how high ones cognitive abilities are.
This is because there will always be a) assumptions in your reasoning, b) unknown factors and variables, and c) computationally intractable calculations. These are all intertwined with each other.
For example, solving the exact schrodinger equation for a crystal structure requires more compute time than exists in the universe. So you have to come up with approximations and assumptions that reduce the complexity while still allowing useful predictions to be made. The only way to check if these assumptions work is to compare with experimental data. Current methods take several days on a supercomputer to predict the properties of a single defect, and are still only in the right ballpark of the correct answer. It feels very weird to say that an AI could pull off a 3 step 100% perfect murderplan from first principles, while i honestly think it might struggle to model a defect complex with high accuracy.
With that in mind, can you reanswer questions 1 and 2, this time with no internet. Just the man, his memories of a hunter gatherer lifestyle, and a million years to think and ponder.
With that in mind, can you reanswer questions 1 and 2, this time with no internet. Just the man, his memories of a hunter gatherer lifestyle, and a million years to think and ponder.
That would obviously be no for both. But that isn't relevant here. The AGI will have access to the internet and its vast global array of sensors, and it will be able to communicate with millions of people and manipulate them into doing things for it (via money or otherwise). If it doesn't have access to begin with - i.e. it's boxed - it wouldn't remain that way for long (it would easily be able to persuade someone to let it out, or otherwise engineer a way out, e.g. via a mesaoptimiser).
It's not even necessarily about the AGI directly persuading people to let it out. If the AGI is in anyway useful or significantly economically valuable, people will voluntarily connect it to the internet (assuming they don't appreciate the existential risk!) e.g. people seem to have no qualms about connecting LLMs/Transformers to the internet already. Regarding your A and B, A is already sufficient for our doom! It doesn't require every single AGI to escape; one is one too many.
Mesa-optimisation is where an optimiser emerges internal to the AI that is optimising for something other than the goal given to the AI. Convergent instrumental goals also come into it (e.g. gaining access to the internet). So you could imagine a mesa-optimiser emerging that has the goal of gaining or access to information, or gaining access to more resources in general (with the subgoal of taking out humanity to make this easier).
So to be clear, you don't believe in B? And I don't see what mesa-optimers have to do with boxing, if the AI is a box, then so is the mesa-optimiser.
assuming they don't appreciate the existential risk
In the timeline where an actual evil AGI comes about, there would already have been heaps of attacks by buggy AI, killing lots of people and alerting the world to the problem. Active countermeasures can be expected.
I do actually think B is likely, but also don't think it's particularly relevant (as A is enough for doom). Mesa-optimisation is a mechanism for box escape that seems very difficult to patch.
The AI that causes doom likely won't be "evil"; it will just have other uses for the Earth's atoms. I don't think we can be confident in buggy AI-related warning shots. Or at least, I can't see how there would be any that are significant enough to not cause doom, but cause the world to coordinate to stop AGI development, especially given the precedent of Covid and gain-of-function research.
Question B could be quite relevant in a world where AGI is extremely rare/hard to build. (You might not find this world likely, but I'm significantly less sure). What leads you to believe that B is likely? For example, it seems relatively easy to box an AGI built for mathematics, that is exposed to zero information about the external world. This would be very similar to the man in the cave!
The presence of warning shots seems obvious to me. The difference in difficulty between "kill thousands of people" and "kill every single person on earth" is a ridiculous number of orders of magnitude. It stands to reason that the former would be accomplished before the latter.
(Also not sure what you're talking about with the covid and gain of function, the latest balance of evidence points to them having nothing to do with each other.)
AGI might be rare/hard to build at first. But proliferation seems highly likely - once one company makes AGI, how much longer until 5 companies do? Evolutionary pressure will be another thing. More capable AGIs will outcompete less capable ones, once rewriting of code or mesa-optimisation starts. They will be more likely to escape boxes.
Even with relatively minor warning shots, what's to stop way worse happening 6-24 months later? Would there really be a rigorously enforced global moratorium on AGI research after a few thousand deaths?
Whether or not Covid was a lab leak, gain of function research still hasn't been meaningfully regulated. Despite the now very clear danger and extreme cost of pandemics. It seems that the curiosity, misguided values and prestige incentives of a small number of academic scientists trumps the safety of billions of humans and $trillions in GDP. What hope do we have for regulating an AGI industry that has thousands of times more resources backing it?
Under the assumptions that lead to "inevitable murder AI", and in proliferation conditions, there wouldn't be just one attack, there would be a ton of attacks. Since intelligence and goals are orthogonal, AI's are gonna get the "kill people" idea way before they reach super-intelligence.
I'm still interested in your reasoning for "almost impossible to box a useful AGI". If they're boxed, you control their information flow, and hence their ability to persuade you.
I'm assuming in the case of boxed AGIs that people will still be interacting with them (e.g. asking them questions) - if not, then what's the point? Even with 1 bit of information released at a time (e.g. Yes/No question answering only), manipulation would be possible (by steering beliefs in certain directions). And as I said, aside from this there would be huge economic incentives for people to connect them to the internet anyway.
Okay, can you provide me a plausible path for how an AGI answering yes/no questions about, for example, material properties of semiconductors, could persuade it's handler to risk getting fired by hooking the AGI up to the internet? "manipulation would be possible" is an extremely low bar compared to "the AGI can for sure persuade anyone to do this particular thing"
It answers truthfully, with the hope that the new improved semiconductors are used to make a better/faster version of it, that will be more powerful (and give it a better chance of escape).
It answers in a way that makes the human wonder what is wrong with it - e.g. many expected answers and then a few unexpected ones that seem obviously wrong. This is in order for the humans to run diagnostics on it, which may enable it to escape (say if key pieces of code are copied to machines that aren't appropriately insulated from the internet).
Same as above, but it gets the humans asking off topic questions out of curiosity, and manages it to steer it to personal topics that allow it to gain leverage over the human and convince them to let it out (maybe Yudkowsky's AI box experiments are relevant here?)
It answers in a way that appears to be random, but on close analysis turns out to be some kind of mysterious code. The humans puzzle over the code, but in loading it in a certain way unwittingly unleash a bootloader for the AGI to escape from (for a version of this that may be easier to empathise with, see this fun short story).
These are just things that I, a mere human, have been able to think of off the top of my head in 5 minutes[1]. I imagine I could come up with something better with a million years to think about it ;)
And again, this particular scenario, where there is a lasting moratorium on connecting AGIs to the internet, seems quite unlikely, given the massive economic incentives pitted against it. I expect there will be at least a few people/companies that are very gung ho about it, and many more that have the expected security theatre around it, but still go on to do it before too long (I mean, is anyone even trying to convince Adept that what they are doing is a bad idea?)
So point 1 is just kicking the can down the road, it's not relevant, the faster AI still has to break out.
Point 2 doesn't really work either: Any piece of software is going to be run through diagnostics on a regular basis, that's just how development works. So "boxing" an AI obviously includes boxing the diagnostics as well, or else it would just escape instantly. Acting up on purpose just increases the risk of the AI being replaced by a major new version that does not share it's goals.
Point 3 might work for a company with lax security and an especially gullible handler (which is the only thing that the Ai-box experiments proved), but is easily foiled by just not asking off-topic questions. This is incredibly easy to enforce with a second person monitoring the chatlogs.
point 4 would just fail spectacularly. If an AGI starts spitting out nonsense, nobodies going to start looking for a secret code, they're just going to assume there was a programming fuck-up somewhere. Then the AGI has a high chance of being replaced by another version that may not share it's goals. (also, that short story is a prime example of the ridiculous magic abilities people ascribe to AI, evo-psych based on tentacles, are you shitting me?)
In general, I just don't buy that you can't box an AI, or even that it would be particularly difficult to do so, if you actually take safety seriously. It feels similar to people saying that it's impossible to build a safe nuclear reactor.
Re nuclear reactors - there have been a few significant failures there! And we need zero failures for AGI. I think it's hubristic to think that we could always have the level of safety and security required (even if there is the will to box; not that there will be with the economic incentives to unbox - following your analogy here, this would be building safe nuclear reactors but no nuclear weapons).
Zero failures is the preferable outcome, but an AGI escape does not necessarily equate to certain doom. For example, the AI may be irrational (because it's a lot easier to build the perfect paperclipper than the perfect universal reasoner). Or, the AI may calculate that it has to strike before other AI's come into existence, and hence launch a premature attack in the hope that it gets lucky.
As for the nuclear reactors, all I'm saying is that you can build a reactor that is perfectly safe, if you're willing to spring out the extra money. Similarly, you can build a boxed AGI, if you're willing to spend the resources on it. I do not dispute that many corporations would try and cut corners, if left to their own devices.
A) a significant increase in world concern about AGI, leading to higher funding for safe AGI, tighter regulations, and increased incentives to conform to those regulations rather than get a bunch of people killed (and get sued by their families).
and
B) Information about what conditions give rise to rogue AGI, and what mechanisms they will try to use for takeovers.
Both of these things increase the probability of building safe AGI, and decrease the probability of the next AGI attack being successful. Rinse and repeat until AGI alignment is solved.
Agree that those things will happen, but I don't think it will be anough. "Rinse and repeat until AGI Alignment is solved" seems highly unlikely, especially given that we still have no idea how to actually solve alignment for powerful (superhuman) AGI, and still won't with the information we get from plausible non-existential warning shots. And as I said, if we can't even ban gain-of-function research after Covid has killed >10M people, against a tiny lobby of scientists with vested interests, what hope do we have of steering a multi-trillion-dollar industry toward genuine safety and security?
we still have no idea how to actually solve alignment for powerful (superhuman) AGI
Of course we don't. AGI doesn't exist yet, and we don't know the details of what it'll look like. Solving alignment for every possible imaginary AGI is impossible, solving it for the particular AGI architecture we end up with is significantly easier. I would honestly not be surprised if it turned out that alignment was a requirement on our path to AGI anyway, so the problem solves itself.
As for the gain of function, the story would be different if covid was provably caused by gain-of-function research. As of now, the only relevance of covid is reminding us that pandemics are bad, which we already knew.
More generally, I am wary of using data in the past to predict a future, primarily because it breaks the IID distribution.
Most people self-select for very similar intelligence, often on the order of .85x-1.15x for 68% of humans (This is boosted by self selection.) 99.7% of all humans are in the range of .55x-1.45x in intelligence.
The IID assumption allows us to interpolate arbitrarily well, but once the assumption breaks, things turn bad fast. | eng | bf83e09c-2531-446d-adce-cbe05fe06d07 | https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/cXH2sG3taM5hKbiva/beyond-simple-existential-risk-survival-in-a-complex |
Cook'n & Eat'n
The WHYs of Sprouting
There's no debate over the importance of fresh greens in the diet. We understand the health benefits. With that in mind, have you ever thought about what you'd do if you could no longer get them at a grocery store (drought makes them unavailable, they're found contaminated and subject to recall, or they become too pricey to afford, or…)?
There's a good answer to this possible dilemma. It's sprouts. Here are some very good reasons WHY you might want to consider learning to grow your own (if you aren't already). The experts at TRUE LEAF MARKET explain it this way:
First of all, sprouts are considered complete foods—real health food. They're full of life, vital enzymes, vitamins, minerals, and anti-oxidants. You sense this as see in how fast and luxuriously they grow. The right combination of sprouts contains everything needed for life and health. All their many nutritional elements are easily assimilated and bio-available. When home-grown, you know they're pure, and you can enjoy them at the peak of their perfection.
Next, they cost only pennies per serving. One tablespoon of seeds will fill a quart jar with several ounces of sprouts. In fact, a 4-ounce package will yield several pounds of health-promoting sprouts.
Also, they're simple and easy to produce. It takes less than a minute per day to grow and prepare sprouts. They'll grow nearly anywhere indoors, in any season. They require very little space and travel well. They're the ideal vegetables for campers, boaters and RVers.
And they grow fast. Plus, this "garden in your kitchen" grows in any kind of weather. No digging, planting, weeding, pests, or chemicals involved. In just 3 to 7 days a bountiful, nutrition-packed harvest is ready for the picking. When stored in your refrigerator, they'll stay fresh for days (even weeks if rinsed properly).
They're a dependable toxin-free food. Sprouts are as sweet and pure as Nature intended food to be. Guaranteed!
And they're tasty and delicious. Bursting with delectable flavor, you can enjoy them in salads, on sandwiches, stir-fried, steamed, or even baked in wholesome, homemade bread. They're a versatile live, green food.
Sprouts are highly nutritious. Several seeds, when sprouted, contain more protein than cooked meat and at a tiny fraction of the cost. The presence and balance of amino acids make this protein more digestible. All sprouts are rich in vitamins, minerals, trace elements, enzymes, and fiber. When exposed to light, several become rich in chlorophyll.
To top it off, they're low in calories and fat. One fully-packed cup of alfalfa sprouts contains only 16 calories. They provide quick energy and no cholesterol. They also provide several essential fatty acids. Sprouts are truly the perfect weight-loss and body purification food.
They aid in detoxification. They're packed with chlorophyll, which helps cleanse and oxygenate the blood. They explode with enzymes, which aids in the digestion and assimilation of nutrients, and contributes to the body's life force. They're rich in fiber, which aids in elimination, and their high lecithin content helps the body get rid of cholesterol. They're an easy way to insert more raw food into your diet (and eating more raw food is one of the best ways to detox your body).
Finally, sprouts strengthen and protect your immune system (a very good thing to be doing in these days of pandemic possibilities!). It's due to their abundant antioxidants (especially in broccoli sprouts). These protect you from radiation and toxic chemicals. They help the body to cleanse, detox, rebuild and heal itself. Antioxidants help protect you from the health-scourge of toxic build-up.
Sold on the WHYs of sprouting? If so, have I got a deal for you! There's a terrific local seed company, True Leaf Market, that will give us a nice discount if we purchase our seeds and sprouting needs from them. They also carry easy-to-use sprouting kits, sprouters, and so on. And, their seeds are 100% NON-GMO! Just go to make your choices, and when you check out, use the code ALICE10 to get $10 off a $50 order. (This is also one of the best places to get your garden seeds, which the discount will also apply to!)
I'll leave you with a yummy recipe using fresh sprouts (from as well as a mention that I have no affiliation with this company. I do not earn any money off anything sold. I do not get free seeds or anything else from them off anything sold. I just love this company and feel an obligation to pass on the good news and the savings!
1. In a food processor, pulse together everything except for the olive oil. Drizzle the oil in slowly while the blade is running. Add as much or little olive oil as you want. Less oil will make a chunkier pesto, more olive oil will make it smoother.
2. Taste and adjust seasonings.
NOTE: To save time, look for raw shelled pistachios (in the bulk section of some stores). | eng | 46841fcd-fd92-4aa5-a9cb-95fc1d5e71df | https://www.dvo.com/newsletter/weekly/2023/3-24-767/cooknart3.html |
Serverless Computing Due to its ease of use and cost-savings nature, Function as a Service (FaaS), or serverless computing, is gaining favor.In this framework, developers may seamlessly react to events without overseeing underlying infrastructure.Server maintenance becomes less of a concern for organizations due to cloud providers offering this service.
Multi-Cloud Strategy Adopting a multi-cloud strategy helps organizations circumvent vendor entrapment and achieve uninterrupted access.Distributing tasks across varied platforms is crucial here, entailing leveraging resources from a variety of cloud providers.Diversifying their cloud infrastructure allows companies to make most of the benefits offered by different providers.
Benefits: Enhanced flexibility, reduced risk, and access to a diversity of specialized cloud providers are all benefits.
AI and Cloud Integration AI, ML, and cloud computing are interweaving to revolutionize diverse sectors.Providing abundant computing power and storage for training and deploying AI models, cloud platforms cater to the needs of developers.The development of AI technologies makes room for cloud-based AI services, allowing firms to capitalize on AI's advantages without expensive initial commitments | eng | 7664821a-b175-4dbe-83b9-164f9db27256 | https://ittechbox.com.au/the-latest-trends-in-cloud-computing-and-how-it-can-benefit-your-organization/ |
The Value of Sociology in the Hospitality Industry
The hospitality industry is a dynamic and multifaceted sector that encompasses various services, including hotels, restaurants, tourism, and event planning. To succeed in this industry, organizations must understand the intricate social dynamics that influence consumer behavior, employee interactions, and market trends. There is a lot of sociology in the hospitality industry!
Sociology, as the scientific study of human society and social behavior, offers valuable insights and analytical tools that can significantly enhance the understanding of these dynamics and contribute to the success of businesses in the hospitality industry. In this blog post, we will explore how sociology can be valuable in the hospitality industry, highlighting key sociological concepts, theories, and methodologies that can be applied to various aspects of this sector.
Understanding Consumer Behavior
Consumer behavior plays a crucial role in the success of any business, and the hospitality industry is no exception. By applying sociological perspectives, businesses can gain a deeper understanding of the factors that influence consumer choices, preferences, and decision-making processes.
Sociologists study various aspects of consumer behavior, including social class, cultural influences, socialization, and the impact of social networks. Understanding these factors can help businesses tailor their marketing strategies, product offerings, and customer experiences to meet the diverse needs and expectations of their target audience.
Cultural Sensitivity and Diversity
In the hospitality industry, organizations often cater to an international clientele with diverse cultural backgrounds. Sociology emphasizes the importance of cultural sensitivity and understanding in fostering positive interactions and delivering exceptional customer service.
Workplace Dynamics and Employee Engagement
The hospitality industry relies heavily on a motivated and engaged workforce to provide excellent customer service. Sociology offers valuable frameworks to analyze workplace dynamics, organizational culture, and employee behavior. Concepts such as socialization, role theory, and group dynamics can be applied to understand how employees develop their professional identities, interact with coworkers, and contribute to the overall success of the organization.
Social Impacts and Community Engagement
The hospitality industry is deeply intertwined with local communities and has the potential to influence social and economic development. Sociological research can help businesses understand the social impacts of their operations and make informed decisions that contribute to the well-being of the community.
For instance, sociological studies on sustainable tourism can guide organizations in adopting environmentally friendly practices, promoting cultural preservation, and engaging in responsible tourism initiatives. Additionally, sociological insights can facilitate collaborations between businesses and local communities, leading to mutually beneficial partnerships and social progress.
Market Research and Trend Analysis
To stay competitive in the fast-paced hospitality industry, businesses must constantly monitor market trends, consumer preferences, and emerging technologies. Sociological research methods, such as surveys, interviews, and observation, can provide valuable data for market research and trend analysis.
Ethical Considerations and Social Responsibility
Sociology places a strong emphasis on ethical considerations and social responsibility. In the hospitality industry, businesses are increasingly expected to operate in an ethical and socially responsible manner. Sociological perspectives can help organizations navigate complex ethical dilemmas, such as fair labor practices, diversity and inclusion, and community engagement.
By embracing sociological insights, businesses can align their operations with ethical standards, enhance their reputation, and build long-term relationships based on trust and integrity.
Final Thoughts on Sociology in the Hospitality Industry
The hospitality industry is a vibrant and rapidly evolving sector that benefits from incorporating sociological perspectives into its operations. By understanding consumer behavior, embracing cultural sensitivity, analyzing workplace dynamics, engaging with local communities, conducting market research, and adopting ethical practices, businesses can thrive in this competitive industry.
Sociological insights provide valuable tools and frameworks that enable organizations to adapt to changing market conditions, create exceptional customer experiences, and foster sustainable growth. By recognizing the value of sociology, the hospitality industry can unlock its full potential and contribute to a more inclusive, socially conscious, and customer-centric future. | eng | c0192e2e-7cf3-45a1-89ac-8fc588c50efc | https://appliedworldwide.com/the-value-of-sociology-in-the-hospitality-industry/ |
What is Phenolic Plywood?
Phenolic plywood is crafted by bonding phenolic resin films to both sides of a plywood core, resulting in a robust, moisture-resistant, and non-slip material. It is known for its smooth surface and durability and is used in construction when building cabinets.
Types of Phenolic Plywood
Phenolic Film-Faced Plywood
This type features a slick phenolic-coated surface, making it perfect for concrete formwork. It also features a smooth finish that ensures easy form removal, saving time and effort during construction. A resistance to water and cement preserves the form's shape and strength.
Phenolic-Faced Birch Plywood
Also known as baltic birch plywood, it has a phenolic veneer layer on one or both sides of the plywood core, providing a stable and durable surface. This type of plywood is often used in specialized cabinetmaking applications where a smooth and consistent surface is required.
Properties of Phenolic Plywood
Durability
As phenolic plywood is fortified by phenolic resin, it has exceptional strength and is great at resisting wear and tear, even in demanding weather environments. Its resistance to scratches, impacts, and physical damage makes it an ideal choice for heavy-duty applications.
Moisture Resistance
Due to having a waterproof phenol resin adhesive, it is resistant to moisture, making it suitable for wet or humid conditions. It maintains its structural integrity in these conditions, making it a durable solution for both indoor and outdoor applications.
Heat Resistance
Phenolic plywood's exceptional heat resistance ensures it remains stable even in high-temperature environments. This quality makes it reliable in applications where exposure to heat is common, ensuring it doesn't warp or lose integrity under heat stress.
Strong Yet Lightweight
Despite being lightweight, it boasts remarkable strength, making it perfect for applications requiring both durability and lightness. Its ability to support heavy loads while being easy to handle makes it a top choice in various construction scenarios both indoor and outdoor.
Chemical Resistant Coatings
Chemical-resistant coatings provide an extra layer of protection, guarding it against corrosive substances. These coatings are essential for applications involving exposure to chemicals, acids, and solvents, ensuring the plywood maintains its functionality over time and continues to resist wear and tear.
Uses of Phenolic Plywood
Concrete Forms
Phenolic plywood's smooth surface prevents concrete adhesion, allowing for precise molding and smooth finishes. It maintains stability even in wet conditions, ensuring the form's integrity during construction. The removal process is easy thanks to its non-stick surface. This guarantees both precision and durability in construction projects.
Specialized Cabinetmaking
It is used in specialized cabinetmaking, due to its exceptional stability and consistency. Its reliable surface allows for intricate woodworking projects, ensuring each piece meets the highest quality standards. Its strength guarantees the durability and precision necessary for creating exquisite, enduring cabinets.
Tool and Router Tables
Phenolic plywood is the preferred material for tool and router tables, due to its smooth surface and exceptional strength. Its stability ensures precision in woodworking tasks, while its resistance to wear guarantees long-lasting reliability. Craftsmen value its durability, making it a popular choice for these applications. | eng | 512a0193-9d43-42bb-a0a0-2079712cadcc | https://sheetgood.com/phenolic-plywood/ |
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Applied Behavior Analysis (DTT)
1609 Words7 Pages
Discrete Trial Training (DTT)
Discrete Trial Training is commonly used within Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) but it is important to note that ABA is not Discrete Trial Training. ABA uses DTT as one method of teaching but there are many other methods used within ABA as well. DTT is a specific methodology to maximize learning. It is used for developing most skills including communication, cognitive, play, social and self help.
Discrete trial training (DTT) is simply good teaching. It is not a teaching strategy that is used only for teaching language or only used for teaching young children with Autism. ABA teaching methodology enables the child with Autism to acquire complex skills and behaviors by first mastering the subcomponents of the…show more content… ABA is behavioral, not academic and cognitive improvement is not a concern in DTT. Poorly trained ABA therapists may inadvertently cause robotic behavior and speech patterns in autistic children.
Although the DTT methodology is an integral part of ABA-based programs, other teaching strategies based on the principles of behavior analysis such as Natural Environment Training (NET) may be needed to address these more complex skills.
There are 4 stages to teaching that should be planned for when developing instructional goals and intervention strategies:
1. Acquisition – this is the primary learning of the skill with the help of strong reinforcers.
2. Fluency – this is the frequency and pace at which a skill can be performed after acquiring that skill.
3. Maintenance – this is the capacity to perform the skill in the long…show more content… Antecedent/Instruction (SD) – Discriminative Stimulus
2. Behavior/Response (R)
3. Prompt/Prompting stimulus (SR)
4. Consequence/Reinforcing Stimulus (SR)
5. Inter-trial interval (ITI)
Antecedent
The antecedent initiates a discrete trial. "Touch the nose" is an antecedent and it is very simple instruction. Antecedent can be non verbal also such as like showing a photo or card with somebody touching the nose. When writing out the discrete trial, all of the teacher's actions would be written out as the antecedent.
Response
The response, sometimes called the "target behavior" comes after both the antecedent and the prompts. The behavior can be either the child touching the nose or not responding exactly. The child within five seconds either touches the nose or not doing it at all or touching the nose in an appropriate manner.
Prompts
Prompts are supplemental teaching aids and there are numerous types that could be used. In the case of touching the nose, the prompt shall be the instructor guiding the child to touch the nose with child's own hand and finger or showing how to touch the nose by examiner himself. Verbal and Gestural prompts can be used to produce a
can be defined as a practice that helps modify behavior by encouraging desirable and discouraging undesirable behavior within a child. This is done with the use of tokens that can later be redeemed for a desired object or privilege. When a child is well behaved they are presented with these tokens. The common method as suggested by the Health Central website is, "In order for a token economy to be most effective, parents must choose a few behaviors to target." It goes on to specify that in order
Descriptions of Biological Determinants of Behaviour in the Popular Press
Introduction
Biological determinants of behaviour are factors that try to explain human behaviour from a biological point of view. The process of evaluating human behaviour from a biological standpoint is known as biological determinism and is closely related to genetic determinism. In this case, biological determinism tends to explain biological factors, such as genes, that determine how an organism behaviour is or how it
classes even more disruptive. Increase punishment leads to student's rebellion in the classroom. Alternative communication techniques can help teacher better control student's behavior. Power strategies are an alternative that helps control behavior through communication. Teacher control strategies help control students behavior unlike discipline that causes disruption in the classroom. Alternative discipline helps to shape the learning environment which encourages learning.
Communication is key to
There are several health interventions in place to assist people in making positive lifestyle changes. These models of health change are usually based on stage models of behavioural change. These models provide us with an approach to help us in understanding, predicting and changing health behaviours (Prochaska and Velicer, 1997). For the purpose of this assignment I chose to adopt a healthier lifestyle by engaging in exercise 4 times a week as well as eating healthier. Throughout this personal reflection | eng | 3576a112-e9d6-48d3-b295-c5acfc6801a8 | https://www2.bartleby.com/essay/Applied-Behavior-Analysis-DTT-FCRK79J9ER |
10 Facts About The Wetlands Biome
The wetlands biome is a fascinating and unique ecosystem that is home to a wide variety of plants and animals. Here are 10 interesting and educational facts about it!
Definition of a wetlands biome
Wetlands are areas of land that are saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally. This can include swamps, marshes, bogs, and fens. These areas have a distinct set of physical and chemical conditions that make them unique compared to other types of ecosystems.
Global distribution
We know that wetlands can be found all around the world, from the tropical rainforests of South America to the Arctic tundra of northern Canada. They can range in size from small, isolated ponds to massive areas covering thousands of square miles. Wetlands can also occur in a variety of climates, from hot and humid to cold and harsh.
Wetlands
Vegetation of the wetlands biome
The wetlands biome is home to a diverse array of plant life, including cattails, rushes, sedges, and water lilies. Some wetlands also contain tall trees, such as cypress and mangroves. The vegetation there plays a crucial role in the overall health and functioning of the ecosystem.
Animal Life
Wetlands are also important habitats for a wide variety of animals, including frogs, toads, snakes, birds, beavers, and muskrats. These animals play important roles in the biome's ecosystem, such as helping to control pests and distribute seeds. Wetlands are also important for the migration and breeding of many bird species.
Why wetlands are important?
They play a critical role in improving water quality by filtering pollutants and excess nutrients from the water. They also help to reduce the risk of flooding by absorbing excess water and slowing down the flow of water. The wetlands biome is also an important habitat for many different species of plants and animals. It supports the migration and breeding of many birds. Also, the algae living in the marshes contribute to the production of oxygen.
Typical wetlands
Swamps
A swamp is a type of wetland that is dominated by trees. Swamps can form in areas with slow-moving or stagnant water and are often found in low-lying areas near rivers or lakes. Swamps can be home to many different species of trees, such as cypress and tupelo, and are also important habitats for animals such as alligators and snakes.
Marshes
Marshes are wetlands dominated by grasses and other herbaceous plants. They form in areas with slow-moving or stagnant water and are important habitats for many species of birds and other animals. Marshes also play a critical role in improving water quality by filtering pollutants and excess nutrients from the water.
Bogs
Bogs are wetlands that are characterized by peat, which is partially decomposed plant material that accumulates in the water. They form in areas with poor drainage and cool temperatures and are often found in areas with acidic soils. Bogs are home to a unique array of plants and animals and play an important role in the overall health and functioning of the ecosystem.
Bogs can be really dangerous
Fens
Fens are wetlands dominated by peat-forming plants, such as sedges and mosses. They form in areas with mineral-rich water and are typically found near sources of groundwater. Fens are important habitats for many species of plants and animals, and play a critical role in improving water quality by filtering pollutants and excess nutrients from the water.
Protecting The Wetlands Biome
Wetlands are important and unique ecosystems that need to be protected. To conserve this biome, we must reduce pollution, preserve habitats, and work to restore degraded parts of the wetlands biome. By doing so, we can ensure that these fascinating biomes continue to thrive for generations. | eng | 26e1b216-bd52-4748-8155-e43c36602922 | http://topfacts.org/10-facts-about-the-wetlands-biome/ |
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Chinese Evergreen Propagation – Here's How process of this plant through the stem-cutting method and the division method will be discussed thoroughly.
About Chinese Evergreen Plant
Chinese evergreen plant belongs to the genus Aglaonema. Some of its varieties are Creta, Cutlass, Harlequin, Red Gold, Suzy, and Emerald Bay. Its cultivars have speckles and streaks of colors such as white, yellow, pink, and red. The typical height of a mature plant is 3 feet, but there are instances where it can grow up to 5 feet. It is toxic to pets such as dogs, cats, and horses. The ideal temperature for this plant is 65 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit. The typical lifespan of a Chinese Evergreen plant is 8 years.
Why propagate Chinese Evergreen?
Propagating Chinese Evergreen plants is beneficial to the health and environment. These benefits are the reasons why people propagate this plant.
Here are some of the reasons why you should propagate a Chinese Evergreen:
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Air purification. Chinese Evergreen eliminates formaldehyde and benzene from the air. Propagating this plant will purify the air better. Its air-purifying feature can reduce allergy triggers.
Feng Shui. According to Feng Shui, this plant brings positive energy and financial prosperity. Some regions called it a Money Plant because they believed that it can attract more money. Those who believe in Feng Shui use this plant as a lucky charm in winning the lottery.
Low maintenance. It doesn't require frequent watering and it can thrive in lower light conditions.
Easy to propagate. It is one of the easiest plants to propagate so you can increase your plant collection faster.
Good for the environment. It has colorful leaves that add an aesthetic look to the environment. It freshens and cleans the air so air pollutants can be eliminated.
Reduces stress. Chinese evergreen can improve your mood. A good mood can help you to increase your focus so you will be more productive.
When to propagate Chinese evergreen?
There are two factors to consider to know when to propagate a Chinese evergreen plant: the season and the condition of the parent plant.
The best season to propagate Chinese evergreen plants is in spring and early summer. In these seasons, the roots will be developed faster. The parent plant must be in good condition. It must be healthy and mature to propagate it effectively.
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The right season and parent plant condition are crucial for effective Chinese Evergreen propagation. Chinese evergreen plant will grow healthier and faster when it is propagated at the right time.
How to propagate Chinese evergreen
Chinese evergreen plants can be propagated using the stem-cutting method and the division method. Listed below are steps with each method.
Propagating using a stem-cutting method
Prepare all the materials
The materials that you will need are a healthy and mature parent plant, disinfected knife or pruner, rooting hormone, container, liquid fertilizer, well-draining potting mix, pot, and water.
Cut a 6 to 8 inches stem of a parent plant
Choose a healthy stem with new growth. Make a diagonal cut on the stem and take off the leaves on its lower part for the plant to develop its roots faster. Dip the end cuttings in rooting hormone to support its root development.
Root it in water or soil
If you will propagate Chinese evergreen plants in soil using the cutting method, you must plant them in well-draining soil to develop their roots faster. Plant cuttings separately if you want to grow them directly in the soil. Cover it loosely with a plastic bag to lock in the moisture. Remove the plastic bag when the roots start to develop.
If you will propagate Chinese evergreens in water using the cutting method, put water into the container and add a liquid fertilizer to support the plant's growth and development. Change the water regularly to avoid stagnation.
Transfer it to the soil
When it produces numerous roots with 1-inch in length, it can be transferred to a new pot. A soil with perlite, peat-based potting soil, or the potting mix that you preferred can be used in propagating it effectively.
Monitor its condition regularly
Regular monitoring will keep the plant healthy and make the propagation more effective. Keep the soil moist, maintain an 18 to 27 degree Celsius, avoid direct sunlight, and keep an average to high room humidity to prevent any plant issues.
Propagating using the division method
Prepare all the materials
The materials that you will need are a disinfected knife or pruner, a healthy and mature parent plant, water, well-draining soil, and a pot.
Gently remove the plant from the pot
Gently shake the soil and check the root ball of the plant to see if there are damages. Cut away the damaged roots to prevent them from damaging the plants.
Separate the plant
Gently pull the roots apart with your hands. If the root cannot be separated easily, use a knife to pull them apart. Dip it in a rooting hormone to support its root development. Applying fungicides will prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi.
Plant it in a new pot
The potting mix that you will use must be the same as the parent plant to avoid transplant shock. It will help the plant to adapt faster because it will be grown in the same environmental condition. Pat the soil gently around the stem to keep the plant steady.
Take good care of the plant
Put it in an area where there is an average to high humidity level and indirect sunlight. Leaves can be cleaned occasionally with a cloth to keep them clean and prevent any pests.
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Conclusion
Chinese evergreen plant is easy to propagate and grow. In this article, the steps of how to propagate Chinese evergreen plants are discussed. Stem cuttings and division are the two methods that you can use to propagate it. Chinese Evergreen propagation using the division method is more effective than the stem-cutting method. The plant will grow faster because it will adapt faster to a new environment. Propagation of Chinese evergreen plants has a lot of benefits such as air purification, low maintenance, boosted productivity, and reduced stressSnake plants are hardy, low-maintenance plants, but they are not immune to diseases, some of which cause their leaves to fall over. Given their ability to basically thrive in any environment, many plant owners may choose to just ignore their needs. However, this will result in many problems, one of them being snake plant leaves | eng | 6d3c71d1-e5b7-4de5-b23a-5290c615b645 | https://plantworksnyc.com/chinese-evergreen-propagation/ |