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Nutrition and health
1. NUTRITION AND HEALTH
COMMUNITY HEALTH- THIRD EDITION CRIS WOOD
PREPARED BY
CHOL MACHOK AUGUSTINE MAGAK. STUDENT OF PH
REASONs
FOR THE PURPOSE OF GIVING THE HEALTHY INFORMATION TO PEOPLE IN NEED
OF IT.
EXPECTATIONS
TO HELP THE PEOPLE WHO NEED INFORMATION CONERNCING NUTRITON AND
HEALTH IN ORDER TO HELP THEMSELVES BY READING THIS MATERIAL, TO MAKE
USE OF THIS DATA AND EXTEND THE KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRE TO OTHER PEOPLE.
TOPICS TO BE COVER NUTRITON AND HEALTH
• INTRODUCTION
• BASIC NUTRITION
• NUTRIENTS
• COMMUNITY NUTRITON
• CHILD FEEDING AND NUTRITION
• NUTRITION IN SPECIAL GROUP
• ABNORMAL NUTRITION AND CLINICAL MALNUTRITION
• ASSESSING THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF AN INDIVIDUAL
• ASSESSING THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF THE COMMUNITY
• NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTIONS BY HEALTH WORKERS
INTRODUCTION
Nutrition is defined as the process by which food consumed by an organism is utilized via
digestion, absorption, transport, storage, metabolism and elimination. Good nutrition is basic to
good health.
Health is defined as a complete physical, social, spiritual and mental well-being of the person and
not merely the absent of disease or infirmity according to WHO.
The purpose of nutrition is
2. • To maintain life
• To grow or for the growth
• For normal functioning of organs and the production of energy
• The important of nutrition is for
1. Physical and mental development of children and adolescents
2. Healthy pregnancies and deliveries
3. Resistance to infection
4. The ability of the adults to work well
5. The prevention of deficiency diseases e.g. protein energy malnutrition (PEM), Iron deficiency
anemia, night blindness and goiter
MALNUTRITION
Malnutrition is bad nutrition in simple term. Bad nutrition can be due to under-nutrition or over-
nutrition. These two types of nutrition determine our health.
Under-nutrition is eating too little food or not eating enough healthy food. This type of nutrition
is the most common problem in the developing countries like South Sudan. The people most
affected are children and pregnant or lactating mothers. This type of malnutrition is bad for
children because their mental and physical growth and development can be affected. It is the major
cause of death in children.
Over-nutrition is eating too much of certain foods such as fats, sugars, and refined carbohydrates.
All these foods causes obesity and a number of degenerative diseases.
Over-nutrition
• This type of malnutrition has been in the western world but are now becoming widespread and
increasingly in developing countries like South Sudan.
BASIC NUTRITION ARE
1. Carbohydrates- energy giving foods
2. Proteins, oils and fats- body building foods (protein). Proteins are for growth and repair while
fats and oils for fuel energy and essential fatty acids.
3. Vitamins and minerals- are protective food
Functions of these basic nutrition
Group Functions
Carbohydrates As fuel energy for body heat and work
Fats As fuel energy and essential fatty
acids
3. Proteins For growth and repair
Minerals For developing body tissues and for
metabolic processes
Vitamins For metabolic (chemical reaction in
the body) processes
Water To provide body fluid and help
regulate body temperature
Spices and favoring's Add enjoyment to eating
Roughage (fiber), indigestible and
unobservable particles
Transport other nutrients, add bulk to
diet, provide habitat for bacterial flora
and assist in proper elimination
• Each group expect water contains a large number of different nutrients required by the body
but not identical, chemical structure.
• They are all broken down into simplest substances for the use by the body.
• Whatever food is eaten whether maize, cassava, cabbage, tomatoes or beans, it is converted
into a pool of mixed nutrients and this pool, the body draws it requirements. Some is
immediately use and some are stored in the body until it will be needed I.e... Iron, fat, and
vitamins A.
BALANCED DIET
• Balance diet refers to a meal or diet that has all nutrients required by the body in the right
amount.
• Carbohydrates, proteins and vitamins form part of balance diet, but the addition of minerals,
fats and water in right quantities complete the definition.
• Currently the term 'balanced diversified diet' is being promoted by nutritionists thus owing
the fact that one type of food taken on daily basis for too long may deny the body nutrients
available in different variety of food but in the same food group. For example eating vegetables
like Sukuma-wiki (Kale) daily will deny one other elements found in other locally available
vegetables like terere and manage. Therefore the family's diet should comprise a variety of
the vegetables
The table showing quantity proportions of each food group i.e. preferable for one to have
consumed a right balanced diet.
4. Fats, Oils and sweets- use occasionally
Milk group. 2 serving Meat, or alternative group I.e... Fish, chicken.
2 serving
Vegetables group. 3-5 servings. Such carrots,
tomatoes, mushrooms, cabbages. Etc.
Fruit group. 6 or more servings. Such oranges,
.apples, bananas and mangoes, etc.
Breads and cereals group. 6 or more servings. Such as rice, slice breaks, maize flour
Energy requirements
• Energy is the ability to do work.
• Energy is needed in all aspects of life like walking and working.
• For vital functions such as;
1. Heart beat and respiration
2. For growth
3. For breakdown
4. Repair and maintenance of the body tissues
5. For maintenance of the body temperature
6. Large people, growing children, pregnant and lactating mothers, sick people, those doing
heavy work and those living in cold places need more energy than smaller, less active or
any other people.
However, the amount of energy require differ from one individual to the other and from day to
day.
Food
• Food is the body's fuel.
• How does its work as a fuel?
• When fuel is burned, it supplies energy to the body.
• The burning of food is called metabolism.
• The amount of energy obtained from burning of food is measured in units. These are known
as Calories or joules. We use Calorie for simplicity
• One Calorie (Cal) = 4.12 kilojoules
• A food Calorie is always spelt with capital C, it is equivalent to 1000 basic Calories
Some approximate energy requirement are as below
5. • The average male office worker needs 2500 Cal/hours
• The average non-pregnant woman needs 2000 Cal/hours
• A lactating woman needs an extra of 500/600 Cal/hours
• A man or woman doing heavy work all day needs an extra of 1000 Cal/hours
• A woman who is pregnant and is also breastfeeding needs about 3000 Cal/hours and if she is
also doing heavy manual work in the farm, her total needs will be higher still.
Energy balance and energy deficiency
• There is a relationship between the amounts of food eaten, the energy spent and body weight.
• If the person eats more food than he or she uses then the extra energy is concerted and stored
as fat in the body and the person again weight.
• And if the person eats less food, than he or she needs energy, then the fat reserves will be used
up and the person will lose weight.
• The energy needed for the essential metabolic processes like heart beat and respiration,
maintenance of temperature is called basal metabolic rate (BMR). IT IS FOR THESE
FUNCTIONS ONLY.
• It varies from person to person due to differences in sex, age, body side, presence of
diseases like goiter, and others factors.
• The person burns energy at the basic rate only when at complete rest, all other activities
require extra energy.
Nutrients
• Carbohydrates- energy giving foods
• Proteins, fats and oils- proteins-body building, and fats- energy giving foods.
• Minerals and Vitamins- are protective foods
Carbohydrates are main sources of energy in our diet or meal.
• They contributed to 80% sometimes
• They are compounds which contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
• They are burned or metabolized to generate energy and in the process they produced (𝐶𝑂2 )
and (𝐻2O)
• 1g of carbohydrate gives 4 Calories of energy.
• We get most of our carbohydrates in form of starches and sugars
Classification of carbohydrates according to their complexities
6. • Monosaccharides
• Disaccharides
• Polysaccharides
Monosaccharides or simple sugars are simplest carbohydrates
• They are absorbed through the wall of intestines without being changed by digestion
• The main example of Monosaccharides are
• Glucose - are formed when some carbohydrates like starch are digested by enzymes.
• Fructose - are found in honey and fruit-juices.
Disaccharides are larger sugar units.
• They are made of two monosaccharides.
• The common examples of disaccharides are;
• Sucrose- are table sugars
• Galactose- are found in milk
• Maltose- are found in germinating seeds.
• They all dissolute in water
Polysaccharides are most complicated carbohydrates.
They do not dissolute in water but dissolute in solvent liquid like benzene
The major examples are starch, glycogen and cellulose
Conclusion- inadequate intake of carbohydrates resulted into under-nutrition and this leads to a
disease called Marasmus in children
Nutrients – fats (refers all fats and oils)
• Fats are a rich source of energy in the diet.
• They are made from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
• They are insoluble in water but dissolve in some chemical solvents like benzene, chloroforms,
and ether.
• The term fat refers to all fats and oils and fat is used in things like butter, and margarine which
are solid at room temperature and Oils are those substances which have similar chemical
compositions with fats but are liquid at room temperature.
• Fats, when digested in the intestine, release glycerol and fatty acids.
Fatty acids are body building blocks and are divided into saturated and unsaturated groups.
7. What are saturated fats? From a chemical standpoint, saturated fats are simply fat molecules
that have no double bonds between carbon molecules because they are saturated with hydrogen
molecules. Saturated fats are typically solid at room temperature.
How do saturated fats affect my health? Replacing foods that are high in saturated fat with
healthier options can lower blood cholesterol levels and improve lipid profiles
What foods contain saturated fat? Saturated fats occur naturally in many foods. The majority
come mainly from animal sources, including meat and dairy products (butter).
Examples of foods with saturated fat are: fatty beef, lamb, pork, poultry with skin, beef fat
(tallow), lard and cream, butter, cheese and other dairy products made from whole or reduced-fat
(2 percent) milk.
In addition, many baked goods and fried foods can contain high levels of saturated fats. Some
plant-based oils, such as palm oil, palm kernel oil and coconut oil, also contain primarily saturated
fats, but do not contain cholesterol.
What are alternatives to replace saturated fats in the foods I eat?
• To get the nutrients you need, eat a dietary pattern that emphasizes: fruits vegetables, whole
grains, low-fat dairy products, poultry, fish and nuts,
• While limiting red meat and sugary foods and beverages.
• Choose lean meats and poultry without skin and prepare them without added saturated and
Trans fat.
• You should replace foods high in saturated fats with foods high in monounsaturated or
polyunsaturated fats. This means eating foods made with liquid vegetable oil but not tropical
oils. It also means eating fish and nuts. You also might try to replace some of the meat you eat
with beans or legumes.
There's a lot of conflicting information about saturated fats. Should I eat them or not?
The American Heart Association recommends limiting saturated fats which are found in butter,
cheese, red meat and other animal-based foods. Decades of sound science has proven it can raise
your "bad" cholesterol and put you at higher risk for heart disease.
The more important thing to remember is the overall dietary picture.
Saturated fats are just one piece of the puzzle.
In general, you can't go wrong eating more fruits, vegetables, whole grains and fewer calories.
When you hear about the latest "diet of the day" or a new or odd-sounding theory about food,
consider the source.
The American Heart Association makes dietary recommendations only after carefully
considering the latest scientific evidence.
8. An unsaturated fat is a fat or fatty acid in which there is one or more double bond in the fatty
acid chain
• They are liquid at room temperature
• What are examples of unsaturated fats?
1. Are all vegetables expect coconut oil and fish as below;
2. Avocados and avocado oil.
3. Olives and olive oil.
4. Peanut butter and peanut oil.
5. Vegetable oils, such as sunflower, corn, or canola.
6. Fatty fish, such as salmon and mackerel.
7. Nuts and seeds, such as almonds, peanuts, cashews, and sesame seeds.
Fats in the diet make food tastier and yield up to 9% calories per gram and due to reason is known
as an energy dense food
Fats can be used to increase the energy content of the a diet without increasing the bulk
Fats is also a useful vehicle for a fat soluble vitamins
Fats from the diet and fats converted in the body from excess carbohydrates are stored in the body
under skin, and around the organs as an energy reserve
The reserved energy is used when the energy in the diet is insufficient.
Too much saturated fatty acids causes degenerative diseases of the heart and blood vessels
Nutrients-proteins
• Protein is an essential part of all living cells.
• It is needed for growth and repair of the tissues
• Extra protein is needed for pregnancy, lactation, growing children and during sickness
• The proteins are found in both animals and plants differing thousands of proteins.
• The proteins are made up of 26 different amino acids. Some of these can be converted into
other amino acids by the body but essential amino acids cannot make it
• We can only obtain them from protein in our diet or meal
• Proteins from carbohydrates and fats are made from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
• They also contain nitrogen and sometimes Sulphur
9. • The nitrogenous component are for growth and repair of the body.
• The proteins we eat are broken into a pool of amino acids and this pool all types of protein
needed for our cells are then built up.
• Extra amino acids from diet are broken down and the nitrogenous component are separated
and eliminated from the body as urea and the rest of structure is converted into fat or glycogen
since the body does not stored protein as it does to carbohydrates and fats
• The main sources of protein in diet Sub-Saharan Africa like South Sudan is the staple food of
the particular area
• People who's their staple foods are cereals such as maize, millet, sorghum, rice or wheat obtain
adequate protein from these sources.
• Other sources of proteins are relishes always eaten with staple food such soups, stews, sauces,
and vegetables
• The protein deficiency is closely associated with energy-deficiency. This can cause
energy/protein deficiency disease called Kwashiorkor
Minerals
Minerals are those elements on the earth and in foods that our bodies need to develop and function
normally. Those essential for health include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chloride,
magnesium, iron, zinc, iodine, chromium, copper, fluoride, molybdenum, manganese, and
selenium
Minerals like sodium, potassium and chlorine are found in the body fluids and the minerals that
form the body part are calcium and phosphorous in bones.
And the minerals found in the human body are calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chloride,
magnesium, iron, zinc, iodine, copper, fluoride, manganese.
Major minerals
1. Calcium
2. Chloride
3. Magnesium
4. Phosphorus
5. Potassium
6. Sodium
7. Sulfur
Trace minerals
1. Chromium
2. Copper
3. Fluoride
10. 4. Iodine
5. Iron
6. Manganese
7. Molybdenum
8. Selenium
9. Zinc
Minerals Sources of
food or
foods rich
of
Functions deficiency Excess Toxicity
Calcium Dairy
products,
eggs, fish,
green leafy
vegetables,
legumes
and nuts
Bones and
teeth are
made from
protein and
calcium,
pregnant,
lactating and
growing
children
need
calcium,
bone and
teeth
formation,
general
metabolic
functions
including
blood
coagulation,
nerve
transmission
and muscles
contraction
and
relaxation
Lack of
calcium in
the body
results in
conditions
like tetany,
osteoporosis,
osteomalacia
and rickets
Too much
calcium can
cause an upset
stomach,
abdominal
pain, nausea,
vomiting, and
constipation.
Bone pain and
muscle
weakness.
Hypercalcemia
can cause the
bones to
release too
much calcium,
leaving them
deficient. This
abnormal
bone activity
can lead to
pain and
muscle
weakness.
Calcium toxicity is
rare, occurring in
those with
hyperparathyroidism
or high calcium
supplementation
levels. Like vitamin
D, toxicity can lead
to calcification of
soft tissues7
. In
addition, a very high
intake of calciumcan
lead to kidney stone
formation
Potassium Legumes,
whole
grains,
leafy
vegetables,
meats and
Healthy
functioning
of the cells,
it is an
eletolyte I,e,
is necessary
It cause
fatigue or
muscle
cramps,
severe
potassium
11. fruits like
ripe
bannas
for muscles
building,
organs and
tissues
repair,
carbohydrate
metabolism
and protein
synthesis
deficiency or
hypokalemia
can cause
serious
problems
like irregular
heart
function,
nervous
system
impairment
and even
death.
Phosphorous Fish, meat,
poultry
products,
dairy
products,
eggs, peas,
beans and
nuts
It is a
component
of bone,
teeth and
number of
enzymes in
the body.it
helps builds
strong and
teeth. It
involves in
release of
energy from
fat, protein
and
carbohydrate
during
metabolism,
formation of
cell
membranes
and many
enzymes
It is rare, but
can results to
weak, fragile
bone, loss of
appetite, less
energy and
susceptibility
to infections
Chlorine
Magnesium
Sulphur
Sodium
Vitamins
They are needed in small amount to acts as catalysts for metabolism in our body
Classification of vitamins: are fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins
13. Community approach to nutrition demands that the community answer these questions, with the
help of the trained individuals, and develop the long-term solutions to malnutrition problems.
Sustainable nutrition programmes must meet the real needs of the community, be relatively at
low-cost, protect the community's resources and function with minimal external inputs. This
approach provides a greater ability to adjust to unexpected changes because the programmes are
rooted in the knowledge of the community.
The causes of malnutrition. The causes of malnutrition are divided into direct and underlying
causes.
The direct or immediate causes are due to deficient intake of a particular nutrient. For example,
deficiency of proteins result to kwashiorkor, iron deficiency leads to anaemia, deficiency of
vitamins A is xerophthalmia and iodine deficiency is goiter
The underlying causes of malnutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa are
a. Infections and diseases
b. Ignorance about nutrition
c. Seasonal changes leading to lack of production and
d. Unequal distribution of food and productivity.
Infection and disease
1. There is a very significant relationship between infection and nutrition that particularly
affects children.
2. Poor nutrition lowers the resistance of the whole body to infection and diseases.
3. Under-nourished children are more prone to infection, recover from illnesses more slowly
and frequently die from infection.
4. Malnutrition tends to be under-reported in disease and mortality statistics because a sick
child with malnutrition is likely to develop complications such as gastroenteritis that leads to
death but deaths are reported as due to diseases than malnutrition
5. Under-nutrition and malnutrition themselves are serious problems, they are mild and
moderate but they influence the onset and the outcome of the infections
6. Malnourished child gets infections more often than a well-nourished child
7. Infections causes fever, los of appetite, diarrheoa and vomiting, all interfere with intake and
absorption of food hence malnutrition
8. Fever and repair of the damaged cells also increase the need for food
9. Of all infections, diarrheoa is the significant cause of malnutrition. Diarrhea is common
during the weaning period-weanling diarrheoa
14. Ignorance about nutrition
1. In many parts of Africa, malnutrition is not only the lack of food but also ignorance about
nutrition due to lack of information and knowledge about nutrition.
2. Some parents believe that a child with big stomachs are well fed because they do not
understand that quality of foods is important
3. In many communities, nutritious foods like eggs and chicken are sold for money and that
money is used to buy sugars for making porridge for children.
4. Parents also lack understanding about the need of the frequent meals in the course of the day.
5. Children have small stomachs which are easily filled with bulky but nutrients-deficient foods
like ugali, matoke, and cassava.
6. To meet their nutritional requirements, children must be fed four or more times a day.
Seasonal changes and lack of food production
low-resistance
infections
low-food
intake
undernutrtion
Increased
need
Frequent
lysevere
Low-
resistanc
e
Death
Diarrhoea aQnd vomiting
Low food intake
Malnutrti
Malnutrition
Death
15. 1. Food shortages because of inadequate production still happen in many parts of Sub-Saharan
Africa countries due wars and civil strife disrupt food production,
2. Food shortages also occur during the rainy seasons. The work are intense and food become
low during this time of rainy periods. Rains also increases mosquitoes breeding hence more
malaria occur.
3. The worst food shortages is in before the next crops are ready to be harvested, this period is
called hungry or famine season.People become vulnerable to undernutrition and malnutrition
as well as malaria. Children suffered more from attacks of malaria
Unequal distribution of food
Unequal distribution of food within the family, region and even the countrywide as whole can
cause malnutrition
1. Within the family – the food distribution always favours the head of the family, (the man
when present,) hence nutritional risk groups' esp. children and women become disadvantages.
It is a customs in some households in Africa for the males of the households to eat first the
most nutritious and tastiest part of the meals thus leaving little for women and children.
2. In urban areas where men often eat lunch away from house. They may have roast meat and
enjoy it with beer in the company of friends. Therefore, this practices leaves little or no money
for buying food for the homes, thus the family meals always have low quality and then the
vulnerable family members suffer the consequences.
3. Unequal distribution in a country results from low production of certain foods in some areas,
poor infrastructure, and lack of storage, preservation facilities and poverty. All these factors
lead to high incidence of malnutrition in some parts of the country.
Factors promoting good nutrition
Malnutrition occurs when people do not eat enough good food for their body requirements.
The factors promoting good nutrition and what can be done to improve the situation are
here below:
1. Good agriculture
2. Good economy
3. Healthy environment
4. Good education
5. Healthy social family life
6. Prevention and control of disease
Good agriculture
1. Clearing the land at the right time
2. Planting sufficient food crops
3. Use of irrigation and fertilizers if necessary and advice from agricultural instructors.
16. 4. Harvesting at right time, storage of food to avoid loss via pests or through having to sell at a
bad time.
5. A good transport and distribution system to ensure delivery of enough food to all regions.
Good economy
1. Sufficient money and resources widely allocated for priorities like agricultural improvement,
food and fuel, education and health
2. Enough cultivable land to grow sufficient food crops and cash crops for income.
3. Communal production and fair distribution, marketing and pricing e.g. through cooperative
societies
Healthy environment
1. Sufficient safe water located reasonable close to houses
2. Adequate fuel for cooking
3. Use of latrines and good general standards of sanitation
4. Vector and disease control important for nutrition and general health
Good education
1. Teaching about good nutrition and children health in schools, families, and communities.
Education for women must be encouraged
2. Showing ways of improving the present attitudes and practices. Especial emphasis should be
on good nutrition for the most vulnerable groups including the poor, mothers and children
3. Give advice about foods and practices that are practical for mothers locally
Healthy social and family
1. Family side- all children in the family are more likely to receive enough good food and
attention if the family is small compare to the large family. The younger children usually need
more care thus Encourage family planning.
2. If either or both parents are not home, it is important to ensure that the children are looked after
properly and that they have enough food, this may means having day care center.
3. Problems with alcohols and drugs are common in disrupted families
4. Appropriate distribution of money, work and food within the community and the family.
Support for mothers is important in keeping the children healthy. Priorities within the family
include seeing that children get their share of high quality energy and protein foods. Children
need small portions of food given several times during the day because they cannot digest the
quantities at once.
5. Care for children from broken or one parent families. Social integration and communal care
for these children and for underprivileged families is an important
Prevention and control of the disease
1. Most childhood illnesses are preventable by immunization- comprehensive vaccination of
children and good maternal care are important factors in good nutrition.
17. 2. Early detection and effective treatment of acute diseases such as diarrhoeal diseases and
respiratory tract infections.
Many of the factors mentioned above go together and some result to others. For example,
alcoholism result to farming practices that results to less income thus increasing poverty and
neglect of the family.
Poverty and disease go together
Improvement of undernutrition and malnutrition prevention require energetic and cooperative
efforts. Good preventive work in child health is one essential weapon in fighting malnutrition and
reducing malnutrition leads to lower morbidity and mortality in children who become healthier
than adults.
The that influencing nutrition in an individual and community are here below
Productivity- poor productivity has to be converted into high productivity in order to achieve the
goal of good nutrition.
Health- prevent diseases or treated them efficiently thus helping an individual who is susceptible
to infection and disease and improve health. Healthy people also provide food themselves compare
to those who are ill.
Education- poor education is connected to poor nutrition therefore, education should be improve
through creation of awareness and training in order to provide knowledge.
Other factors are socio-economic status, political stability and cultural factors. Putting them into
a consideration improve malnutrition and as well as solving the problems of malnutrition
productivity
educationhealth
Nutrition
18. The aim of nutrition programmes is to promote a healthy eating habits and to eradicate malnutrition
by making use of others fields such as marketing and economics, agriculture, and education via
inclusive action nationwide, communities and within families. Health workers to plays their roles
in promoting good nutritional habits.
Customs and beliefs affecting nutrition- most people especially in rural areas have a fixed
custom and beliefs about different foods and cooking practices. In areas, insects like termites and
grasshoppers which are rich of proteins and other nutrients are eaten which them survive during
the time of the hardship while some people like Jieng (Dinka) do not eat grasshoppers.
Also in some African communities, women and children are not allowed to eat chicken and eggs.
Another common practice is preventing children with measles not eat meat or taking salt. These
(traditions) customs and beliefs are harmful and should be discouraged but it is not by challenging
but with logical reasons that will help them understand the bad traditions they are do without their
notice hence help resistance and confrontation.
Child feeding and nutrition
Breast feeding is a common tradition practice. It is important to breast feed the babies by their
mothers especially by those in rural areas where poverty and poor living conditions make bottle
feeding dangerous.
The important of breast milk
1. It is always fresh
2. The mother's breast milk is usually sufficient for a baby for first six months of life thus mothers
are encouraged to make exclusive breast feeding within this 6 months. By six months,
supplementary foods (weaning) should be introduced gradually
3. It safe from diarrhoea and other infections since it contains the mother's antibodies
4. It is also easily available- clean and ready for the baby at all times.
5. It is easy to digest
6. It has the right temperature
7. It protects and brigs the mother and baby together.
Important of breast feeding
1. It is best because it cost mother nothing and milk is ready always
2. The baby's suckling at the breast helps the postpartum uterus to contract
3. Breast feeding gives the mother the opportunities to care and love for her baby.
Breast feeding and HIV/AIDS
1. It is scientific fact that the baby born to a HIV positive mother may be HIV negative.
2. However, the child may acquire the virus from the mother through breast milk maybe when
the child's gut lining is bruised. The bruising of the child gut happen when it's given a solid
19. food at early age because the foods erode some protective membranes along the gastrointestinal
tract.
3. Protection of the baby- the mother who is positive should be advised at PMTCT station to
choose between either feeding the baby on breast milk exclusively for four months, then stop
the breast milk and substitute it with other milk (animals) and solid foods or to feed the baby
on formula feeds or milk from animals source without at any one time giving the baby her
breast milk. This is done to the mother who is HIV positive during counseling at the antenatal
Expressed milk
1. Not traditionally practice because mothers use to stay at home with their babies and care for
them
2. Today, several lactating mothers go for work after two months of maternity leave, and as they
resume their works, they need to learn how express breast milk for the safe of the baby and the
same is applied for a mother who si HIV positive who has chosen to breast feed exclusively
for 4 months but has to leave the baby for more than 6 hours
3. When expressing milk by the mother for the baby, maintenance of hygiene is importance for
the mother, baby, expressed milk and utensils because it prevent contamination that may lead
to diarrhoea.
4. Expressed milk should be stored in closed container and in the cool place away from direct
sunlight.
5. The child should be fed with expressed breast milk using cup and spoon but a bottle.
6. The health care workers should take time to educate mothers on these practice as they go a
long way in minimizing the childhood illnesses, related complications and deaths arising due
to malnutrition, infections and other diseases.
Weaning and under-nutrition
Weaning is the time during which a child's diet changes from breast milk (or formula) alone to
family foods. It is useful to think of weaning in stages
Stage 1- the baby gets almost all nutrients from breast milk but starts other foods. These first foods
must be easy to eat and digest by the baby (exclusively breast feeding). These foods are called
weaning foods
Stage 2 – the baby continues to obtain the same amount of breast milk but eats increasing amounts
of other foods. The type of foods gradually change from weaning foods to regular family foods.
Stage 3- the child gradually takes less breast milk and eats more and more of the family foods.
The breast milk becomes a snack and for a comfort
Under-nutrition in sub-Saharan Africa occurs most frequently in children age 6 months to 3 years.
To prevent undernutrition, the most important single measure that can be taken besides continuing
breast feeding is to improve weaning foods and this is necessary to understand foods value.
20. Weaning foods
There are three factors that one must borne in mind when preparing a good weaning food for the
young children. These are;
1. To provide enough energy within the small amount that a young child can eatat one time.
There are two ways of ensuring an adequate intake of energy foods. The 1st is to feed young
children frequently from 4-5 times a day and the 2nd way is to mix foods with high energy
concentration into the basic staple food. For example, a teaspoon 5 g of oil gives 45 Calories
and 2 teaspoons 10 g of sugar give 40 calories. Feed young children at four times every day
2. To add protein to the staple food i.e. porridge given to the child.
Most cereals have a protein concentration of about 7%-8%, but this protein is of low biological
value. To improve the equality of the protein, small amounts of other animals or plant foods
containing protein must be added. Suitable proteins foods are cowpeas, beans, groundnuts,
fish powder, dried milk powder, flashed fish and minced meat or egg. Continue breast feeding
during weaning
3. To provide food in a form which is easily swallowed and digestedby young children. This
is done by mashing the food or grinding it into fine particles and adding liquid until it is soft.
It is also important to cook it well and teach mothers how to enrich weaning foods. This is an
important thing in children's clinics. Use weaning mixtures
Weaning recipes
The main problems with weaning foods are how to prepare them in such a way that they are soft
and easily digested and how to reduce the bulk (volume) of the staple food energy. Weaning
recipes give different ways of mixing protein foods with thin porridge to give young children
protein-enrich food.
Examples are
a) Boil cowpeas and then mash
b) Roast groundnut and then grid to powder
c) Soak red beans overnight, remove the skin then cook and mask
d) Cook fish, remove bones and mash
e) Scrape meat with a knife to obtain small piece
f) Mix powdered milk to a paste with water and cook it the porridge.
A demonstration garden
To encourage mothers and others to grow a wide variety of foods for their children, a
demonstration garden at a health center is useful. Seek advice from the local agricultural extension
officers.
Day care centers
Many large communities now have a day care centers to look after their children when they go to
work. Therefore, the health workers can advise the mothers or community about the suitable foods
21. for their children at these centers which will supplement the home diet. Foods such as fruits grown
in the community can be added to the main meal and if the community or family has cows, they
can be advised to set aside some milk for the children
Nutrition in special groups
Nutrition during pregnancy and lactation
a) Women's nutritional needs are greater than any other time in her life.
b) All the foetus needs to grow and the food needed for production of milk must come from
the mother.
c) A child born to a poorly nourished mother is likely to have a low birth weight below 2.5
kg, such babies are likely to die in the first few months of life.
d) During pregnancy, there is an increase in the weight of the woman and BMR also increases.
These increases require extra foods to provide extra energy, protein and other nutrients
e) Anaemia is a common problem in Africa esp amount pregnant women. A child born to
anaemic mother may have a very low reserve of the body iron and is likely to develop
anaemia in the 1st few weeks of life.so, it is adviseable to give iron supplement routinely
to pregnant women in the areas where iron-deficiency anaemia is common. This is usually
give in form of ferrous sulphate tablets to be taken 3 times a day. Folate, one of vitamin B
complex is also required for making blood cells and should be given together with iron to
pregnanat women.
f) Vitamin A deficiency in pregnancy is also bad for the baby , so multivitamin tablets should
be given during pregnancy in areas where Xerophthalmai is prevalent and also encourage
pregnant women to foods rich with vitamins A.
g) Lactation usually starts within 2 to 3 days after delivery and this the period when woman's
body must replace the blood lost during delivery which might be litre or more. Here, the
mother who have just delivered need to eat more than usual amd those foods should include
foods rich with iron and vitamin A.
h) NUTRITIONAL cost of pregnancy and lactation is great, the woman's store nutrients is
depleted and this is particularly so in in poor communities where women hardly ever get
enough food. Repeated pregnancy, combined with heavy work quickly make women weak
and sick
i) To prevent these problems, women must be well fed during their reproductive years. They
should be in a good nutritional health before and during pregnancy and lactation because a
woman who is malnourished has a greater risk of complications during pregnancy and is
likely to give birth to a low weight baby
Nutrition and HIV/AIDS
a) Malnutrition is one of the greatest complications of HIV infections
22. b) HIV/AIDS is associated with conditions which in reduced food intake. Decreased food
consumption may result from inability to shallow due to sores in the month and throat,
loss of appetite as result of fatigue or depression, side effects from the medication or
reduced quantity and quality of food in the household as a result of inability to work or
reduced income due to illnesses
c) HIV also interferes with the body's ability to absorb nutrients due to effects occur of many
infections. Poor absorption maybe caused by an infection in the intestinal cell or increased
incidence of opportunistic infections like diarrhoea
d) The importance of good nutrition, hygiene and food safety to HIV/AIDS patients
1) Good nutrition strengthens immune system to fight opportunistic infections and delay the
progression of the disease,
2) Good nutrition reduces the severity of infections and the likelihood of weakening the
immune system at the onset of the symptoms.
3) It also contributes to weight gain, stops wasting and enables the host's body to fight
opportunistic infections.
Nutrition and elderly people
The number of elderly people in Africa and especially South Sudan is increasing owing to improve
health care and quality of life. The care has changed with many of them being left on their own
while children emigrate in search for jobs and this has led to an increase nutritional challenges for
old people and these are due to
1) Various growth and developmental challenges
2) Illnesses
3) Poor appetite
4) Lack of teeth thus making it hard for them to eat any hard type of food.
5) Lack of support and carers who would provide the food and cook for them.
Therefore, the elderly people should not be left to become malnourished or worse still die of
malnutrition due to neglect.
Nutrition in people with diabetes
Diabetes is on the increase among many communities in Africa due to various factors such as;
Sedentary lifestyles like smoking, drinking etc.
Feeding and dietary habits that favours junk foods
Inactive physical
Family history and other factors
The effects of the disease can be minimized or reduced by the used of;
Appropriate balanced diet. A patient is encouraged to eat diets rich in proteins such as fish,
poultry, nuts and beans, fruits and vegetables and whole grains
Regular exercise
24. The effects of underweight
Children underweight grow more slow
They are more likely to get infections as they have the weak body defenses and do not
develop antibodies easily
They die more frequently when they get serious infection such as measles, whooping
cough, tuberculosis, and gastroenteritis
They develop clinical forms of protein energy malnutrition very rapidly during these
episode of infectious diseases.
Management of underweight
Increase the intake Calories frequency of the meals in the diet by augmenting the amount of energy
foods. If this is not done, the limited amount of protein in diet will be used to provide the body
with energy and will therefore be wasted which means providing more Calories allow all the
available protein to be used for body building.
Protect the child from infection by immunization, prophylaxis against malaria, treatment of
intestinal parasites, and advice the mother on hygienic food preparation.
Weight the child regularly and encourage the mother by showing her the child's growth curve
moving upwards along the normal weight for age path on the growth chart.
Recommend the mixed diet. Find out which additional foods the mother can easily obtain and
encourage her to mix any of these with the main staple. Do not tell mother the foods she cannot
get or afford
Prevention | eng | 7cfc74aa-743e-4f9e-b01d-2f1f81d4f293 | https://pt.slideshare.net/CholMachokAugustine/nutrition-and-health-238949359 |
What Does the Term 2 Second Rule Refer
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What Does the Term 2 Second Rule Refer to?
When it comes to road safety, there are various rules and guidelines that drivers must follow to ensure their safety and the safety of others. One such rule is the 2-second rule, which refers to the recommended minimum distance that should be maintained between your vehicle and the vehicle in front of you. This rule is crucial in preventing rear-end collisions and allows drivers to have adequate time to react to sudden changes on the road.
The 2-second rule is a simple concept that can greatly reduce the risk of accidents, especially in situations where traffic is congested or when driving conditions are less than ideal. The rule states that you should always keep a minimum of 2 seconds of time between your vehicle and the vehicle in front of you. This time gap allows you to have enough space to stop or maneuver your vehicle safely if the need arises.
To apply the 2-second rule, identify a fixed object on the road, such as a sign or a tree, that the vehicle in front of you is passing. Once the vehicle passes that object, start counting "one thousand and one, one thousand and two." If your vehicle passes the same object before you finish counting, then you are following too closely and need to increase the gap. On the other hand, if you finish counting before your vehicle reaches the object, then you have a safe following distance.
FAQs about the 2-Second Rule:
Q: Why is the 2-second rule important?
A: The 2-second rule is important because it allows drivers to have enough time to react to sudden changes in traffic conditions. It provides a buffer zone that can prevent rear-end collisions and gives drivers enough space to safely stop or maneuver their vehicles if needed.
Q: Does the 2-second rule apply in all driving conditions?
A: While the 2-second rule is a general guideline, it is important to adjust your following distance based on the specific driving conditions. In adverse weather conditions, such as rain or snow, it is recommended to increase the following distance to at least 4 seconds to account for reduced traction and longer stopping distances.
Q: Are there any exceptions to the 2-second rule?
A: Yes, there are exceptions to the 2-second rule. For example, if you are driving in heavy traffic or in an urban area, it may be difficult to maintain a 2-second gap due to the constant stopping and starting of vehicles. In such cases, it is important to be extra vigilant and maintain the largest following distance possible.
Q: Can the 2-second rule prevent all accidents?
A: While the 2-second rule can significantly reduce the risk of accidents, it cannot guarantee complete safety on the road. It is always essential to stay alert, obey traffic laws, and be prepared for unexpected situations.
Q: Are there any penalties for not following the 2-second rule?
A: The 2-second rule is not a legal requirement in most jurisdictions, but it is highly recommended for safe driving. However, if a driver is found to be following too closely and causes an accident, they may be held liable for negligence.
In conclusion, the 2-second rule is a valuable guideline that all drivers should follow. By maintaining a safe following distance, drivers can greatly reduce their risk of accidents and ensure the safety of themselves and others on the road. Remember, it only takes a few extra seconds to potentially save lives and prevent unnecessary collisions. So, make it a habit to apply the 2-second rule whenever you hit the road.
[ad_2] | eng | f4f21b90-9eda-4dcb-b3bf-462033546b38 | http://imsaethics.org/what-does-the-term-2-second-rule-refer/ |
In the live video footage, the four crew members were seen sitting calmly and strapped under the high-pressure cabin, wearing their helmeted white and black flight suits several minutes after lift-off.
Within 10 minutes of the lift off, the launch commentator informed that they have successfully reached the Earth's orbit. The rocket's reusable lower stage separated from the rest of the spacecraft and flew itself back to Earth, touching down safely on a landing platform floating on a vessel in the Atlantic.
The original launch of the rocket was planned for October 31, but amid unfavourable conditions it was delayed multiple times.
Wednesday's liftoff, if successful, would count as the fifth human spaceflight SpaceX has achieved to date, following its "Inspiration 4" launch in September that sent an all-civilian crew to orbit for the first time. | eng | b05caa04-0b0f-44a1-bdf0-76c4fb31484f | https://www.newsheads.in/science/space/nasa-spacex-launch-four-astronauts-to-international-space-station-article-66422 |
A legacy fund set up in memory of a man who drowned in 2015 has enabled almost 6,000 children to learn free water safety skills as part of the Swim Safe programme offered by RNLI and Swim Englandthis summer.
Andrew McGeown, 32, drowned in 2015 after entering the water to save his dog while walking at Scarborough's South Bay. His family were determined to turn their loss into something positive for the town and set up the Andrew McGeown Legacy Fund, which has given the opportunity to 5,742 children to learn water safety skills as part of the Swim Safe programme.
Andrew's sister, Donna Loveland who set up the fund said:
"Fundraising in my brother's memory has given my family a positive focus after Andrew's death. The Swim Safe programme has been very successful. It's a pleasure to be able to deliver such a valuable programme, and hopefully we will save many lives through the educational sessions.
"Andrew will always be remembered and loved thanks to the great legacy created with RNLI and Swim England and everyone who has supported us."
Local delivery partners around the UK supported by the national governing body for swimming in England and the RNLI are running free Swim Safe sessions to teach children aged 7-14 how to stay safe in and around open water and what to do if they, or someone else, gets into difficulty – including how to float to live.
Sam Johnson of the RNLI's Water Safety team said:
"Last year, RNLI lifeguards and volunteer lifeboat crews were busy, aiding more than 50,000 people and saving 408 lives.
"By educating children about water safety from a young age, together we can help reduce the number of incidents around our coasts and at inland locations. 'That's why we are encouraging parents of children between the ages of 7 and 14 to sign them up to the free Swim Safe sessions to help build their confidence in and around the water, while learning vital skills which could save their lives such as how to float.
"This is a simple technique where you lean back like a starfish, using your arms and legs to stay afloat. It allows you to control your breathing, then call for help or swim to safety and is proven to save lives."
Since 2013, the Swim Safe programme has delivered free lifesaving sessions to more than 148,000 children across the UK. The 45 minute sessions are run by local partners with trained instructors during the summer months at outdoor water locations including beaches and inland sites such as water sports | eng | 3608a4b0-0106-4b86-817a-5ca802c176da | https://www.charitable.radio/charity_news/legacy-fund-helps-rnli-swim-england-offer-almost-6000-children-free-water-safety-lessons/ |
Fried rice with eggplant
Eggplant, also known as Laosu, has three kinds of tomato, white eggplant and purple eggplant, with the same performance.
Food Material List
1Steamed Rice150g
2eggplantOne
Operational steps
1Wash eggplant and cut it into small pieces. Put it on an electric cooker and steamed it with rice.
2Steamed eggplant, sliced onion, sliced garlic
3Steam the rice and set aside a bowl.
4Oil the pan and add onions and garlic.
5Stir-fry onion and garlic with thirteen fragrances and soy sauce
6Place eggplant
7Stir-fry with salt and continue to stir.
8Stir-fry rice
9Stir-fry rice evenly
10Fried rice can be served on a plate.
Tips
N95 masks healthcare tips
It is time to discontinue using it - even if you have only been using it for a few hours. KN95 are N95 or KN95 better along with their pros and cons. Small extra small N95 it is crucial to recognize what distinguishes an N95 mask from various other masks. There are many times when you might need a mask, like when someone in your family has flu symptoms or if you're going to be around people who do. Due to a lack of N95 mask supplies in 2022, the FDA granted Emergency Use Authorizations ( EUAs ) to specific KN95 masks. Especially when paired with proper respiratory protection. | eng | 9bb9546c-3b22-4ba8-aaa3-6afafdfba427 | https://www.undirect.com/fried-rice-with-eggplant |
How to Thinly Slice Radicchio
1. First, remove the outer leaf or leaves, if they're at all discolored.
2. Slice radicchio in half.
3. Remove the core by cutting a triangular slice around it, and remove.
4. Turn it over, and lay the radicchio flat with the bottom closest to you (where the core used to be). Slice from left to right, or right to left, into thin strips.
When you're finished slicing, you'll have perfectly thin strips. Sliced radicchio adds such an exciting, bright color to any salad!
That's all there is to it! Enjoy adding these lovely radicchio strips to your recipes | eng | 89f3ef14-b315-4495-999a-c51e7ef4f8ea | https://www.shekeepsalovelyhome.com/how-to-slice-radicchio/ |
Early Primary (4-7)
Our tried and tested early primary earth science packs are designed with the youngest scientists in mind.
Packed with hand-on activities to develop their curiosity and help them to ask questions about the world around them.
Precious Planets
Incredible Earth
Marvellous Mars
Giant Jupiter
Stunning Saturn
Viscous Venus
Super Sun
"The cure for boredom is curiosity. There is no cure for curiosity.
Dorothy Parker
Middle Primary (7-9)
Our middle primary earth science packs have been tried and tested and are designed with growing scientists in mind.
Packed with hand-on minds-on activities for children to work together and nurture their understanding of the world around them.
Wild Weather
What goes around…?
How much does it rain?
Under pressure
Taking Earth's temperature
Windy days
Where do we get our weather forecasts from
"Loved that there wasn't really anything to prepare!
The list of resources for each session was very helpful.
Activities were age appropriate.
Scientific explanations were pitched at the right level.
NicolaHatfield Woodhouse
Upper Primary (9-11+)
Our upper primary earth science packs have been road tested with lots of children and are designed with older scientists in mind.
These packs encourage independence and challenge children's thinking through more advanced concepts and activities.
Earth's Climate
Planetary atmospheres
Critical carbon dioxide
Acid vs alkali
Ocean acidification
Surveying our air
What can we do?
"What's Out There?
What's in our solar system?
Planetary orbits
Mighty meteorites
How do we know what's out there?
Marvellous moons
Exoplanet exploration
"Don't let anyone rob you of your imagination, your creativity, or your curiosity. It's your place in the world; It's your life. Go on and do all you can with it and make it the life you want to live.
Mae Jamieson
"The children loved the fact buster cards particularly and we ended up playing this as we settled at the beginning of every science club since! | eng | 4cfdd8ab-98ac-48a8-9b7b-411f5d7877fe | https://www.myscienceclub.com/packs/earth-science/ |
Understanding the risks of gambling and what to do if you need help
Over the past month, we have seen two progressive jackpots claimed in Prince George where at least a million dollars was won.
But according to the BC Lottery Corporation, instances like those are the exception and not the rule as what's supposed to be a form of entertainment can become an addiction if you chase your losses.
Happie Poonian is a Player Health Regional Team Lead who spoke with Vista Radio and explained some of the misconceptions people have when playing slot machines.
"The most common one is usually the misconception where people playing a slot machine believe if they keep playing long enough will get a win or think they are due for a win."
"The way slot machines work is based on randomness and they are designed to serve payouts randomly with the odds always being on the side of the house or casino."
Pooinan believes a person's knowledge of a certain game can be helpful but that still doesn't guarantee a profit at the end of the day.
"In certain table games such as blackjack, skill and knowledge can help give you better odds to win, however, the advantage is always going to be built into the game for the house or casino."
So what's the best way to approach gambling?
"The best thing to do for anyone who chooses to gamble is to set limits and that's both time and money, the idea you want to get in your head is how much can you afford to lose or the other way to look at it is how much do you want to spend on your entertainment."
If gambling loses it's luster and isn't fun anymore there are outlets available to seek help.
"When it comes to outside of the casino people can always get in touch with BCLC or access Gamesense.com along with other resources such as the BC Gam Info Line if anyone wants to get support either for themselves or someone that they know or a loved one." | eng | 5f30f4a5-6100-45cb-8fd2-8d5a2b7b05b2 | https://www.mybulkleylakesnow.com/37637/understanding-the-risks-of-gambling-and-what-to-do-if-you-need-help/ |
The Social Impacts of Gambling
Gambling is an activity in which people risk something of value, such as money or property, on the outcome of a game involving chance. It may be done alone or with others, and it can range from a simple scratch card to a major casino event. There are several benefits of gambling, and it is important to know how to gamble responsibly and to seek help if you think you have a problem.
Many people enjoy gambling, and it can be a social activity that brings individuals together in a fun and exciting setting. It can also provide a source of motivation, offering individuals a goal to work towards and the satisfaction of accomplishment when they win. Many people also find that gambling gives them a break from the everyday stress of life, providing an opportunity to relax and have some fun.
In addition, there are many ways to gamble, including online casinos, sports betting and lottery games. These activities can be a great way to spend leisure time and can also provide a source of income. The benefits of gambling include the ability to increase one's bankroll, which can provide financial security in the future. It can also help to improve cognitive functioning by stimulating the brain and improving attention. In addition, it can help to build friendships and improve the quality of life.
Despite its positive effects, there are some negative consequences of gambling that should be considered, such as increased debt and addictive behavior. It can also be a source of tension between family members, and it may lead to other problems. In addition, people who participate in gambling may be prone to psychological issues like depression or anxiety. These issues can be caused by genetic predisposition and changes in brain regions that control reward and impulses. Moreover, it can be difficult for these individuals to recognize their gambling problems as they are part of their culture.
Most studies of gambling have ignored the social impacts, instead focusing on monetary costs and benefits that are easily quantifiable. This approach can bias results because it overlooks other important impacts of gambling. The concept of structuralized impacts offers a framework for examining these other types of gambling impacts.
Generally, gambling is a socially acceptable pastime for most people, and it can be beneficial to the economy. It provides jobs and generates tax revenue for governments. It also helps to promote tourism, which can have a positive impact on local communities. Moreover, it can be used to raise funds for charity events and encourage participation in community events. Therefore, it is important to understand the positive impacts of gambling so that it can be incorporated into society in an appropriate manner. | eng | 353f3b84-fec0-419a-b41d-5cd4421202bb | https://compassodilatta.org/the-social-impacts-of-gambling-2/ |
mAh battery if you are shopping for long-lasting battery life smartphones.
mAh battery if you are shopping for long-lasting battery life smartphones. | eng | 37deddef-4702-4c4a-9690-c5c4ccfdcb63 | https://www.mobilehub.co.ke/product/samsung-galaxy-a21s/ |
Description
This luxurious book of more than 360 pages is presented like an album of mostly unpublished photographs, arranged chronologically.
Throughout its century of existence, every moment of Le Mans has been captured in countless photographs. From black & white to color, these particularly vivid images bring to life a whole world: that of the cars, naturally, but also of the many human players – drivers, engineers, mechanics – and the public, always numerous and varied.
The authors summarize the moments and actions of the key characters, identifying five major periods:
1923-1929: The time of the pioneers
1930-1967: Reconstruction and globalization
1968-1981: In search of the right solution
1982-1999: The 21st century in sight
2000-2022: A Modern Race | eng | d5770c04-7cb5-4523-a24a-123fbedf5855 | https://www.autobooks-aerobooks.com/product/24-hours-of-le-mans-1923-2023-centenary-edition/ |
what they said
"The reason why we put the child on the LP cover is the reason that it's not war. We're talking about War in different levels. For most the LP is not political at all, it's personal."
- Bono on War, 1983
did you know
In U2's early days when picking nicknames for each other, one of Bono's earliest was "Bon Smelly Arse". | eng | 28d6b645-d732-4c74-8f94-3317226fd247 | https://u2start.com/u/blindambition |
Brother and sisterhood quotes are inspiring phrases that promote unity, fraternity, and equality among people. Some of the most famous quotes include "A true friend is a brother/sister in disguise" and "We are all one family under one sky." These quotes encourage a sense of community, compassion, and mutual support for each other's well-being.
How Brother and Sisterhood Quotes Can Foster Deeper Connections
The bond between siblings is one of the most complex and powerful relationships in the world. It's a connection that can withstand any fight or difference, but also brings immense joy and support in times of need. To cultivate this bond, brotherhood and sisterhood quotes can play an important role.
These quotes reflect the essence of sibling ties- shared memories, experiences, laughter, and tears- that offer familiarity to their relationship. These quotes not only stimulate bonding moments but also provide a higher perspective on how valuable it is to have siblings who are always there for each other.
In fact, many famous individuals have spoken about the significance of brotherhood and sisterhood over time. For instance, Marion Garretty once said: "A sister is a little bit of childhood that can never be lost." Similarly, Katherine Heigl expressed her love for her adopted sister by saying: "My older sister was different from everyone else – she was like my twin."
These quotes point out how special it is having someone who has not just lived with you but also experienced life with you. They trigger emotions that make us want to spend more time with our siblings and foster deeper bonds based on trust and mutual understanding.
If you believe your relationship with your sibling could be stronger; the best way to initiate dialogue and reminiscence past events about your lives could be through conversations initiated by insightful brotherhood/sisterhood quotes.
One effective approach may require sending short texts containing loving words or funny images related to a particular memory or activity shared together. You can leverage social media platforms like Instagram or Facebook where these messages get to spread even further and create a larger impact.
Additionally, sparing some time for engagement in activities such as playing sports together(i.e., soccer or tennis) gives room for bonding moments while sharing new perspectives on ideas discussed getting closer as family members.
Step-by-Step Guide to Finding the Perfect Brother and Sisterhood Quotes
Are you searching for the perfect brother and sisterhood quotes? Look no further! We've got you covered with this step-by-step guide to finding the best quotes for your siblings.
Step 1: Determine your purpose
Before diving into a search for brother and sisterhood quotes, it's important to determine the purpose of the quote. Are you looking to express gratitude for your sibling? Or perhaps you're looking for inspiration to strengthen your bond with them?
Once you understand why you're seeking a quote, it will be easier to find one that resonates with your feelings and intentions.
The internet is a treasure trove of inspirational quotes. There are several websites dedicated solely to providing readers with meaningful sayings related to a variety of topics – including brother and sisterhood.
One of our favorite websites is BrainyQuote.com. Simply type in any keyword or phrase related to siblings and press enter. You'll quickly discover dozens if not hundreds of relevant quotes on this topic!
Step 4: Browse social media
Social media platforms such as Pinterest and Instagram can also provide an abundance of ideas when it comes to brother and sisterhood quotes.
Many users create aesthetically pleasing graphics featuring inspirational sayings about siblings. By typing in relevant hashtags such as #siblinglove or #brothersandsisters into these platforms' search bars – you can easily compile several options that resonate with what you're looking for!
Step 5: Personalization is key
While there are plenty of pre-made brother and sisterhood quotes available online or via social media – sometimes the best option is crafting your own unique saying.
In conclusion, finding the perfect brother and sisterhood quote doesn't have to be a daunting task. By following these 5 easy steps, you can easily narrow down options to find one that truly speaks to the unique bond shared between siblings.
FAQ: Common Questions About Brother and Sisterhood Quotes Answered
Brotherhood and sisterhood quotes are popular phrases that describe the bonds of loyalty, love, and unity that exist between siblings or close friends. These quotes often emphasize the importance of family, friendship, trust, and support in our lives.
However, despite their popularity, many people still have questions and doubts about brotherhood and sisterhood quotes. In this FAQ section, we will try to answer some common questions about these touching expressions of affection.
– "Blood makes you related. Loyalty makes you family."
– "Brothers don't necessarily have to say anything to each other — they can sit in a room and be together and just be completely comfortable with each other." (Leonardo DiCaprio)
– "Friends come and go but brothers stay forever."
– "A sister is both your mirror -and your opposite." (Elizabeth Fishel)
Q: Are brotherhood/sisterhood quotes only meant for siblings?
A: Not necessarily. While these quotes usually refer to sibling relationships (brothers or sisters), they can also apply to close friends who share a strong bond that transcends blood ties.
Q: Why do people like using brotherhood/sisterhood quotes?
A: There are many reasons why people use these wonderful expressions of affection. For some individuals, it's a way of expressing gratitude towards their siblings/friends for always being there for them; for others,' it's a way of acknowledging the unique connection they have with someone special in their life; while for others, it's simply their way of affirming the importance of family/friendship in their lives.
Q: Are brotherhood/sisterhood quotes real?
A: In a way, you could say that these quotes represent an idealized version of sibling/friend relationships. While not every sibling or friend relationship is perfect or without flaws, these quotes remind us of the potential for deep and meaningful connections between people who share a bond of love, loyalty and support.
In conclusion, brotherhood and sisterhood quotes are powerful expressions that celebrate the bonds of love, loyalty and understanding between siblings or close friends. Whether they serve as a reminder of gratitude',' acknowledgment,' affirmation' or inspiration', these quotes have touched hearts and inspired people across all cultures and generations. So why not take a moment to reflect on your own special connections with your siblings or friends? You might just find a quote that captures the essence of your relationship perfectly!
Brother and sisterhood quotes promote love within families. Whether it's encouraging bonds that last for years or fostering a sense of unity, these quotes bring siblings together. They also promote equality as they focus on mutual respect, sharing, understanding, compromise and appreciating diversity amongst brotherly love.
2. Siblings who Recite Quotes Regularly Enhance their Relationships
Siblings who recite brotherhood and sisterhood quotes regularly tend to have stronger relationships. These shared experiences lead to increased familiarity with one another's values, personalities, interests etc., ultimately bringing siblings closer together as an inseparable force.
3. Brotherhood & Sisterhood Quotes Encourage Appreciation
As life can get busy having distance between us more often than not; we forget how important our loved ones are in our lives until we see them again after long periods absent without interaction.. Family & relationship building is a foundation for lifelong happiness in terms of mutual appreciation even if through physical separation!
Brother and sisterhood quotes provide reminders when dealing with difficult situations –- providing practical coping skills during frictional moments for siblings allowing them to find solutions where disagreements arise putting a positive spin on things by promoting civility, speaking from personal experience rather than assumptions or stereotypes.
5. Brothers & Sisters Bond Over Shared Experiences
Quotes offer an individual statement showing personal growth subtly with themes of humor adding emotional reassurance through tough times mentally, physically or both; ultimately making way for great memories! Of course certain family gatherings will always leave us with memories containing funny stories, sibling arguments, friends visiting and more positive experiences & inside jokes alike.
In conclusion, brotherhood and sisterhood quotes are a great way to strengthen the bond between siblings, making their relationships stronger. They remind us of our shared experiences as well as unique qualities in personal disposition inherently important for strong ties already established: strengths that promote active communal wellbeing relevant over time!
Celebrating the Unique Bond with Siblings: A Collection of Heartwarming Quotes
Siblings are often the first and most enduring relationships we build in our lives. From childhood memories of fighting over toys to adulthood adventures of exploring new places together, siblings share a special bond that cannot be replicated with anyone else. This bond is unique, profound, and heartwarming.
10. " Sometimes siblings can get in each other's space , retreat to their own worlds , or fault each other for the past . But if and when that time of crisis comes and we need our siblings, only they will do – Karen Allen
As you can see from these quotes, a sibling relationship can be one of the most endearing and meaningful relationships you'll ever have. It's not just about growing up together, but also about supporting each other through all the ups and downs of life.
So, let's take a moment to appreciate this unique bond with our siblings. Whether we have biological siblings, adopted siblings or even friends who are like siblings to us – there is much to celebrate about these precious relationships. Happy Sibling Day!
From Famous Figures to Everyday Inspiration: Diverse Sources for Brother and Sisterhood Quotes
Brotherhood and sisterhood quotes have become increasingly popular in modern times. They are an excellent way to express the strong bond that exists between two people despite their age, gender, or ethnicity. But where do these quotes come from? Who are the famous figures inspiring us with their words of wisdom?
From poets and politicians to spiritual leaders and celebrities, many people throughout history have imparted valuable insights into relationships based on mutual love and respect. One of the most prominent voices in brotherhood and sisterhood is Mahatma Gandhi. He believed in universal love that transcended all boundaries, including those of race, religion or nationality.
Another iconic figure who had a huge impact on brotherhood quotes was Martin Luther King Jr., whose "I Have A Dream" speech resonates with millions across the world today. His speech called for equality for everyone irrespective of color or creed.
Poems also provide a rich source of inspiration when it comes to brother and sisterhood relationship quotations. For example, William Shakespeare's play "Hamlet" has several poignant lines describing how brothers should treat each other. One such quote states: "To be or not to be – that is not the question/But whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer/The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune/Or take arms against a sea of troubles."
Aside from famous figures, day-to-day interactions can also serve as an inspiration for brotherhood quotes. These often come from experiences within families or close-knit communities' settings where trust, loyalty, honesty are paramount virtues fostering strong bonds.
In conclusion, Brother and Sisterhood Quotes emanate from diverse sources ranging from iconic speeches by global leaders like Gandhi or Martin Luther King JR. to everyday interactions within close-knit circles such as family communities relying on trustworthiness, honesty with one another connecting humanity without prejudices. Such inspirational ideas have been passed down through generations adding value beyond tribalism thereby cementing the pillars of brotherhood and sisterhood in society. As time goes by, more people will continue to inspire new ideas that generate insight into human relationships.
Table with useful data:
"Sisters may drive you crazy, get into your stuff and irritate you. However, if anyone else dares insult you, she'll be the first to defend you."
Unknown
"Brothers don't necessarily have to say anything to each other – they can sit in a room and be together and just be completely comfortable with each other."
Leonardo DiCaprio
Information from an expert: Brother and sisterhood quotes are a powerful way to express the unique bond that exists between siblings. As an expert, I have seen many inspiring quotes that capture the essence of this relationship, emphasizing the importance of supporting and caring for each other. Some quotes speak to the love and loyalty that siblings share, while others touch on the occasional rivalry or competitiveness that can arise. Regardless of their specific emphasis, brother and sisterhood quotes serve as a reminder to cherish our siblings and hold them close in our hearts.
Historical fact:
In 1883, labor leader and advocate for brotherhood among workers, Peter J. McGuire proposed a holiday dedicated to the celebration of all working people which was later recognized as Labor Day in | eng | 660e589d-2c1f-43ba-940b-a78a1880efeb | https://emergewomanmagazine.com/10-inspiring-brother-and-sisterhood-quotes-to-strengthen-your-bond-plus-tips-for-building-stronger-relationships/ |
do antique stores buy things
Do Antique Stores Buy Things? A Guide for Sellers
If you have some old items that you want to sell, you might be wondering if antique stores buy things. The answer is yes, but not all antique stores are the same. Some may only buy certain types of items, such as furniture, jewelry, or art. Others may have specific criteria for the condition, age, or rarity of the items they buy. And some may not offer you a fair price for your items.
So how do you find the best antique store to sell your things? Here are some tips to help you:
Do some research. Before you visit any antique store, do some online research to see what kind of items they buy and how they price them. You can also check their reviews and ratings from other sellers to get an idea of their reputation and customer service.
Compare different stores. Don't settle for the first offer you get from an antique store. Visit several stores and compare their offers. You might be surprised by how much they vary. You can also try to negotiate a better deal if you think your items are worth more.
Know your items. The more you know about your items, the better you can sell them. Learn about their history, origin, maker, and value. You can use online resources such as eBay, Etsy, or online antique guides to get an estimate of their market value. You can also bring any documentation or certificates of authenticity that prove their provenance and quality.
Be realistic. Don't expect to get rich from selling your items to an antique store. Most antique stores will only pay a fraction of the retail value of your items, since they need to make a profit and cover their overhead costs. Also, keep in mind that the demand and popularity of certain items may change over time, affecting their value.
Selling your items to an antique store can be a great way to make some extra cash and clear some space in your home. But you need to be smart and savvy about it. Follow these tips and you'll have a better chance of finding the best antique store to buy your things.
Choosing a Place to Sell Your Things
Once you have priced your items, you need to decide where to sell them. There are many options available, depending on the type, quality, and quantity of your items. Here are some of the most common places to sell antiques and how to choose the best one for you:
Auction houses. If you have high-quality or rare items that can attract a lot of bidders, you might want to sell them at a local auction house. Auction houses can expose your items to a large and diverse audience of collectors and dealers, and potentially fetch a higher price than other venues. However, auction houses also charge fees for their services, such as commissions, cataloging, photography, and insurance. You also have no control over the final selling price or when your items will be sold.
Antique shops. If you have items that are more common or less valuable, you might want to sell them at an antique shop. Antique shops are convenient and easy to access, and they can offer you a quick cash payment for your items. However, antique shops may only buy certain types of items, and they may not pay you the best price for them. You also have to negotiate with the shop owner and be prepared to state your asking price.
Consignment shops. If you have items that are in good condition and have a steady demand, you might want to sell them at a consignment shop. Consignment shops are similar to antique shops, but they don't buy your items outright. Instead, they display them in their store and pay you a percentage of the selling price once they are sold. This can be a good option if you want to avoid the hassle of selling your items yourself, but you also have to wait until someone buys them. You also have to pay a consignment fee to the shop owner and agree on the terms of the sale.
Online platforms. If you have items that are easy to ship and have a large online market, you might want to sell them on online platforms such as eBay, Etsy, or Craigslist. Online platforms can give you access to a global audience of buyers and allow you to set your own price and terms of sale. However, online platforms also involve some risks and costs, such as fees, frauds, scams, shipping issues, and returns. You also have to deal with the competition from other sellers and the fluctuations in demand.
The best place to sell your antiques depends on your personal preferences, goals, and resources. You can also try selling your items in different venues to see which one works best for you. The most important thing is to do your research beforehand and be realistic about your expectations. | eng | 7bd44609-36f8-40ac-a07c-5525d7cfd037 | https://lawnmaintenance-software.com/do-antique-stores-buy-things/ |
Hello,
For my button dial widget I have put a grid layout to hold my buttons. Since they are created based on the actions attached to the widget I've also intercepted the ChildAdded/ChildRemoved events of the action objects and I'm creating/destroying buttons based on that. For more information on what exactly I'm doing you could look here.
Currently, when a child is removed I destroy the corresponding button, but that button might be laid out in a place that's nether the beginning nor the ending of the grid. To have consistency (no holes in my layout) I'm removing all the buttons following the one I'm deleting and then reinserting them at their new positions, like this:
Is there a smarter way to do this? Can I somehow instruct the layout to reorder the items without doing that manually?
As a side question, can I pre-determine the number of rows and columns for a QGridLayout, I was not able to see anything like this in the documentation, but I might have missed something?
@mrjj Hm, indeed, no need to call activate even. If I comment out the taking-out-and-reinserting code the layout is rearranged automatically after the delete button. This is however a bit strange for me, because how is the layout supposed to know the number of columns/rows I'm expecting?
@mrjj
Well not a whole column, but a single item in the grid. I could add more buttons to the layout for testing purposes, but since a picture is worth a thousand words, I think the link explains what's my issue quite well.
@kshegunov
I know u cant use UI file.
Im just wondering why in creator,
if I create a grid 3x2 with buttons.
Then from code, i take() and delete say button 3, i
get no holes. But in AgDial there is.
I should get the same, shouldn't I?
Just to be sure, we are talking
about a normal gridlayout in a widget?
At runtime, there should be no difference between one from
UI files and one from code.
So your case must be different or mine too simple. | eng | c26a65c8-c2a9-49f5-8cdf-1904ea604c24 | https://forum.qt.io/topic/63631/grid-layout-reordering-after-modifications |
Artifact - A video defect that occurs
due to the digital conversion and/or compression process. Artifacts
can be caused by video compression, transfers, data errors, and
analog signal noise.
Aspect Ratio – The ratio of width to
height of a video image.
Authoring - The process of designing and
creating the content of a DVD.
Bit rate - A bit rate is the amount of
information (or bits) that is transferred per second (bits per
second or bps).
Book A - DVD Physical format
Book B - DVD Video format
Book C - DVD Audio format
Book D – DVD-R format
Book E – DVD-RAM format
Burn- To record or copy information onto a rewritable disc such as a
CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-R, DVD-RW, DVD+R or DVD+RW.
CD - Compact Disk. A media that uses a
single track, like phongraph records. This layout of data makes
random access of data take longer, this is commonly referred to as a
long seek time. CD's have a capacity of 700MB (depending upon the
disc).
CD Recordable (CD-R) - A recordable
technology that allows you to be write to an inexpensive blank CD
once. CD capacity of CD-R media is measured in minutes (this
technology was adapted from the same as audio recordings) as well as
data capacity. There are two main CD capacities: 74 min (650MB), and
80 min (700MB).
CD-ROM - A Compact Disc-Read Only Memory
(CD-ROM) is designed to store data in the form of text, graphics and
audio. CD-ROMs use the Yellow Book standard as published by Philips.
They cannot be recorded onto.
CD Re-Writable (CD-RW) - A CD-RW disc can be rewritten over a thousand
times and read on MultiRead CD-ROM drives or CD-RW compatible Audio
CD players. CD-RWs support UDF (Universal Disc Format), which allows
for read-write interoperability between all the major operating
systems as well as compatibility between rewritable and write-once
media.
Constant Bit Rate (CBR)
- Constant Bit Rate is an encoding method that maintains the
same bit rate across the entire audio or video file.
Codec (COmpression/DECompression)
- Any technology that is used for compressing and decompressing data
such as audio (MP3) or video (MPEG).
Decode - The process of decompressing
audio or video.
Dolby Digital - An audio coding system
used in the DVD Video format to create mono, stereo, and surround
sounds.
DVD - DVD, introduced in 1996, was
originally known as Digital Video Disc but soon became known as
Digital Versatile Disc. It is the next generation of optical disc
storage technology. which shares the same
overall dimensions of a CD, but have significantly higher capacities
- holding from 4 to 28 times as much data. Single sided DVDs
can store 4.7GB for single layer and 8.5GB for dual-layer disks.
Double sided DVDs can store 9.4GB for single layer and 17GB for
dual-layer disks.
DVD-Audio -
Launched in mid-2000, this audio-only storage format similar to
CD-Audio, however offers higher quality sound from 16, 20 and 24-bit
samples at a variety of sampling rates from 44.1 to 192KHz, compared
to 16 bits and 44.1KHz for CDs. DVD-Audio can also contain music
videos and graphics.
DVD Burner - A piece of hardware (i.e. a
physical device) that creates a DVD disc using a laser that "burns"
the information onto the disc.
DVD Burner Software – Software that
communicates with the DVD burner. It provides instructions and
information to the hardware device that tells the drive what
to burn and how to burn.
DVD Converter – A program that is able
to switch or convert between different video formats (ie. DVD
to VCD, DVD to CD, DVD to AVI, etc).
DVD Forum - An
international association of hardware and media manufacturers
that developed the DVD definition. Members include Hitachi Ltd.,
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. Ltd., Mitsubishi Electric
Corporation, Pioneer Electric Corporation, Sony Corporation, Thomson
Multimedia, Time Warner, Inc., Toshiba Corporation, and Victor
Company of Japan Ltd. This group wants to promote broad acceptance
of the DVD-RAM and DVD+RW formats.
DVD Recordable (DVD-R ) - Introduced by
Pioneer in 1998, DVD-R offers a write-once,
read-many storage format similar to CD-R and is used to master
DVD-Video and DVD-ROM discs.
DVD Ripper – Software that is able to
digitally extract data from a DVD disc and saves the data to the
computer's hard drive which can then be burnt onto DVD or CD.
DVD-ROM Read Only
Memory (DVD-ROM) -
Introduced in 1997, this read-only DVD disc is used for storing data
as well as audio and video. DVD-ROMs run in DVD-ROM or DVD-RAM
drives, but not DVD video players. However, most DVD-ROM drives
will play DVD-Video movies.
DVD Re-Writable (DVD-RW)
- Introduced by Pioneer, this rewritable DVD
format is similar to DVD+RW. It has a read-write capacity of 4.7 GB.
DVD-Video - Popular
MPEG2 video format that is
designed to be used to store movies on a DVD and can be played on
most DVD players.
Encode - The process of compressing
audio or video.
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) is a non-governmental global organization
established in 1947 that works to develop standards across goods and
services.
ISO 9660 - A widely used data
interchange format adopted in 1987. CDs created in this format can
be read by Unix, Macintosh and Windows computers. ISO 9660 is
inadequate for the higher capacity recordable and erasable DVDs.
MPEG - The Moving Picture Experts Group
(MPEG) is a working group under the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) that sets the standards for encoding audio and
video in digital format.
MPEG2 - MPEG2 is a second set of
flexible compression standards created by the MPEG group. This set
of standards takes advantage of the fact that over 95% of digital
video is redundant, however some portions are much less redundant.
MPEG2 handles this by using higher bit rates (i.e. higher quality)
for more complex pictures and lower bit rates for simple pictures.
Seek Time - This refers to the amount of
time it takes to find the correct position on storage media so that
data can start to be read.
Video Object File (VOB) - A data file
used in the DVD Video format to deliver video, audio, and graphics. | eng | 3d8ebcdb-348f-42e9-bf60-a742e1438ac6 | https://idvd.ca/dvd-definitions-glossary.htm |
I'm not sure if we've reached peak-k8s-hype yet. I'm still waiting for k8s-shell which runs every command in a shell pipe in its own k8s node (I mean, grep foo file | awk is such a boring way to do things!)
I haven't worked with k8 yet but to me all of this sounds like you'll end up with the same problems legacy CORBA systems had: Eventually you lose track of what happens on which machine and everything becomes overly complex and slow.
I don't know if it will happen this year or not but I've been saying for many years that k8s is the new cross-language J2EE, and just like tomcat and fat jars began to compete we'll see the options you're discussing make a resurgence. Nomad is probably one that's already got a good following.
I understand where you're coming from but I don't think it's likely. Every huge company I've worked with has idiosyncratic requirements that make simple deployment solutions impossible. I'm sure there will be some consolidation but the complexity of Kubernetes is actually needed at the top.
I won't be surprised if the various FaaS offerings absorb much of the exodus. Most people just want self-healing and maybe auto-scaling with minimal yaml. Maybe more CDN edge compute backed by their KV services.
The big 3 cloud providers are all fine for a large variety of use cases. The biggest mistake the FaaS proponents have made is marketing them as "nanoservices" which gives people trauma feelings instead of "chuck your monolith or anything stateless on this and we'll run it with low fuss".
"serverless" and "function as a service" are both terrible names for "a more flexible and less prescriptive app engine", and losing control of the messaging has really kneecapped adoption up until now.
Just like k8s, there are tons of things I would never run on it, but there are significant operational savings to be had for many use cases.
Boring prediction: TypeScript. By the end of 2021 TypeScript will broadly be seen as an essential tool for front-end teams that want to move faster without breaking stuff.
The alternatives which launched around the same time (Reason, Elm, Flow, etc…) have all fallen by the wayside, and at this point TS is the clear winner. The investment is there, the ecosystem is there, the engineers (increasingly) are there. The broad consensus isn't quite there in wider world of all Javascript engineers, but I think it's comingKnock-on effects will include decreased use of Python in an application / API server role (I know there's MyPy, but I think TypeScript is ahead) except where it's coupled to data-sciency stuff. I think something similar will be seen with Go. I don't know how big these effects will be.
Unrelated prediction: Mongo will make a comeback. I've really disliked working with Mongo, but I was completely wrong about the price of Bitcoin this year so I assume Mongo's comeback is inevitableThis is quite the prediction. I think I can see it happening. Working with a large, untyped JS codebase is a nightmare and can eat through morale quickly.
I work in a place with a lot of Node JS, but it's not my day to day. I quickly went from enjoying javascript to hating it. Recently I have been enjoying doing some small stuff on my own again. I think I've decided that hell is other people's javascript.
I should probably give TypeScript a go. I was pretty annoyed with JS for a while so I didn't want to spend my spare time learning TypeScript. Unfortunately, the bits of Javascript that I tend to touch are largely agreed to be the worst in the org and there isn't a lot of energy to move them over to TypeScript. C'est la vie.
Eventually good engineers will leave teams that won't switch to TypeScript
Any engineer who will leave purely because the company doesn't switch to $my_favourite_tech_choice is, by definition, not a good engineer. We're supposed to professionals for crying out loud, not children insisting on our favourite flavour of ice cream.
I'd argue switching companies in order to use better tech is what a professional engineer does. Strong type systems are equivalent to constraints in CAD for mechanical engineering or ECAD for electrical engineering. They are absolutely crucial for proper engineering.
A mechanical engineer that wants to use something like Solidworks or Onshape at a company using TinkerCAD would not be looked down upon. Engineers need to use the right tools to actually engineer things.
So yes, switching companies to use and practice with proper tooling is a damn good engineer.
I mean, Excel is a battle-tested functional programming environment which has intermediate states easily visualized and debugged! It has its faults, but I'd imagine it was being used for something like BOM inventory management? In that case it is definitely the right tool compared to Python.
In any case, yes there are many engineering jobs like that in other engineering fields, but there are also many software engineering jobs which deal exclusively with k8s yaml files, which I'd argue is similar but worse.
They [Strong type systems] are absolutely crucial for proper engineeringSure, no domain "requires" strong typing. No domain "requires" a language above raw assembly either. We use higher level languages because it makes it significantly easier to write correct software, compared to assembly. A strong type system is a significant step above that, making it much easier to write correct software compared to languages without it.
Having worked at companies using languages such as Python, Javascript and Ruby for their backends, and having worked at companies that have used C++, Java, and Rust for their backends (even given the faults and issues with Java and C++'s type systems) the difference between the two types of companies is night and day. Drastic differences in quality, speed of development, and the types of bugs that occur. Strong type systems, especially the ones derived from ML languages, make a massive difference in software quality. And sure, few domains really "need" good software, but shouldn't we strive for it anyway?I encourage you to try out various CAD tools, TinkerCAD and Onshape are both free to use and online available, so there isn't even a need to download software. I think you will very quickly see the difference between the two, TinkerCAD you will master in a few minutes, and Onshape will likely be unapproachable without tutorials. But if you look at the examples, Onshape is used to produce production, intricately designed mechanical parts. And simply without the tools and constraints that Onshape provides you can't do proper mechanical engineering.
And I really want to highlight that I don't mean to say that TinkerCAD is bad, or worse in any way. It is incredible for what it is and for opening the door to the world of mechanical design to those who aren't familiar with it. It is simply not an engineering tool, while Onshape is.
My analogy really stems from how each tool is used. TinkerCAD you just build the thing you want, using the shapes and manipulation tools it provides. Onshape is different, everything has to be specified. You have to set lengths of everything. You have to specify what the angles of things are. Certain things are really hard to do, especially organic shapes, because everything has to parameterized. I hope you'll agree this is nearly identical to programming languages with and without strong type systems!That's the thing: we shouldn't be pulling lessons until we learn what those lessons are. I had very strong opinions about what software engineering was supposed to look like, then I started interviewing other engineers. Most of what we think "engineering" looks like is really just an ultra-idealized version that doesn't match the reality. In some ways they are better, true, but in some ways they are much worse.
EDIT: I just checked and it looks like you used to be a professional electrical engineer? If so then my point about "most people talk about engineering don't understand engineering" doesn't apply hereSeveral of the people I interviewed called out the US system as being much better than the European, a sort of "grass is always greener thing". The only country I know of with ultra-strict requirements on who can be called an engineer is "Canada". In pretty much all other countries, you can call yourself whatever you want, but only a licensed engineer can sign off on an engineering project. This means that most professional engineers don't need to be licensed, and many aren't.
Do you have a write-up of your interviews anywhere? I would be really interested in reading it! You are right I used to be an electrical engineer, and still tinker on the side, but went into software simply because the jobs in electrical engineering are not very interesting. I think there is a lot that software does better than other engineering fields (although I wonder if that is simply due to how new the field is, and that it will inevitably end up with the more bureaucratic rules eventually), but the extreme resistance to strong typing by so many software engineers feels extremely misguided in my opinion and not something you see in other engineering fields.
Canada was the primary place I was thinking of, but I'm not particularly familiar with the details of it all. I know the US has some licensing requirements for civil engineering projects (and most of those requirements are written in blood unfortunately). It is almost certainly a "grass is greener," and I should certainly educate myself on some of the downsides of other countries systems. If you have any resources here I'd appreciate it.
if we can't pull lessons from other engineering fields what is the point of calling it software engineering? […] My point is no less strong because you or others are unfamiliar with a domain.
Fair. Your expanded explanation here helped clarify a lot, I appreciate that. One point of interest in your explanation was
Certain things are really hard to do, especially organic shapes, because everything has to parameterized
Doesn't this seem an admission of there existing domains where - according to analogy - strong type systems might be less suitable? Or would you consider this a breakdown in the analogy?Drastic differences in quality, speed of development, and the types of bugs that occurYes, sorry about not expanding in my original comment. As you can probably tell, I'm extremely passionate about this idea, and my original comment was made in a bit of haste. I'm glad my expansion was helpful in clarifying my points!
Doesn't this seem an admission of there existing domains where - according to analogy - strong type systems might be less suitable? Or would you consider this a breakdown in the analogy?
I completely agree there are domains where strong type systems are less suitable. Especially the more exploratory areas, such as data exploration and data science (although Julia is showing that types can be valuable there as well). I think my distinction is that there is a difference between domains where strong types are not as suitable, like prototyping, and production engineering systems where I think strong types are extremely important.It is truly a murky term, which I think leads to a lot of the communication issues in this area of discussion. I should probably start future conversations like this with a clear definition of what I mean in terms of "engineering," because I mean it more in terms of production engineering, rather than prototyping engineering. (Unfortunately not a distinction in software, but is in all of the other engineering fields. Prototyping engineering values malleable materials, like 3D printing, while production engineering is what is shipped to users and its very particular about materials used which minimize cost and maximize strength. Different fields, different requirements, and oftentimes different tools used to even CAD/design).
So using the production engineering vs prototyping engineering distinction, I would completely agree that there are trade-offs between strong typed and duck typed languages. I think one is fantastic for prototyping, while the other is fantastic for production. And similar to say 3D printing and injection-modling processes, the two can bleed into each other's fields given the right opportunity. I should not have used "proper engineering" in my original comment, and I should have clarified I meant "production engineering."
However, the number of companies that I've been at that have actually treated the two types of languages as different parts of the development life-cycle is exactly one, my current company, and that was after fighting to use Python for a prototype project. (Of course, when the prototype was successful, there was then reluctance to rewrite it in a strongly typed language because "its already built!")
Similar to how you would feel frustrated if the new computer you bought had all of its internals built with 3D printed parts and breadboards, even if it worked identically to a computer with injection molded parts and PCBs, that is how I feel about using duck typed languages in production systems used by real users. Sure it works, but they are inherently less reliable and I think its poor engineering to ship a system like that (although, of course, there are situations where it is applicable, but not to the extent of the software world today).Fair enough, although my experience with errors in duck typed languages is certainly different! The jury is still out on the optional type systems, and I'm certainly curious how that effects things. I have a hard time believing they will make a significant difference, simply because the style of coding varies so drastically between the two. With strong types I design type-first, whereas with optional/incremental type systems its the other way (unless started from the get-go, but at that point what is the purpose of using a duck-typed language?).
I'm tapped out for this thread.
I completely agree here. This is an exhausting topic to talk about, probably because everyone has strong opinions on it and so many of the arguments are based on anecdotal data (of which I am definitely guilty sometimes!). In any case, I appreciate you taking the time to go back and forth with me here for a bit. I've certainly learned that in order to properly discuss this topic its important to be very careful with language and definitions, otherwise its just a mess. I guess the English language could use some strong typing, but then poetry would suck huh? :)
I was under the impression that my job is to solve problems for customers, not to "be happy". And of all the things that make me happy or unhappy at the workplace, something like this is pretty far down the list; using JavaScript is hardly some sort of insufferable burden.
TypeScript may very well be better; but the last time I used it I found it came with some downsides too, such as the code in your browser not being the same as what you're writing so the REPL/debugger is a lot less useful, hard to inspect Typescript-specific attributes (such as types) since the browser has no knowledge of any of that, a vastly more complicated build pipeline, and I found working with it somewhat cumbersome with all the type casting you need to do for the DOM API (i.e. this kind of stuff). And while the wind has been blowing in the statically typed languages in the last few years, let's not pretend like the good ol' "dynamic vs. static languages" debate is a done and solved deal. I like typing, but dynamic languages do come with advantages too (and TypeScript's typing may be optional, but if you're not using it much then there's little reason to use it at all).
Perhaps there are some solutions to these kind of issues now (or will be soon), but about a year and a half ago I found it all pretty convoluted and decided to just stick with JS for the time being.
In the end, I understand why it exists and why it's popular, but like much of today's frontend I find it hacky, cludgy, and a very suboptimal solutionJS vs TS is a minor point, too small compared to other unknowns in switching companies. But OP said "leave teams". I actually did just that, we have multiple teams at my company and one started using TS, so I switched. A year later the JS team now solely does bug fixes and no-one is willing to write new JS code. At first management thought it was like when Coffeescript happened but dev response was so much bigger that even they understand it is different this timeSure, but if you're made deeply unhappy because you have to write JavaScript instead of TypeScript then you are either in a position of extreme luxury if that's a problem that even rates in your life, or there seem to be some rather curious priorities going on. I think all of this is classic programming self-indulgent navel-gazing.
Is TypeScript a better tool? Probably. Would it be a good idea to start a reasonable percentage of new projects in TypeScript? Also probably (depending on various factors). Should we drop all JavaScript projects ASAP just so that we rewrite everything to TypeScript? Ehh, probably not.
I don't have any predictions for 2021, but I'll have one for 2026: we'll be having the same discussion about WhatNotScript replacing boring old TypeScript and we should all switch to that. And thus the cycle continues.
We still do bug fixes. But even then it's often an opportunity to write TS. The nature of TS makes it so that you gradually port your application. Lots of JS is valid TS and if it isn't then that's usually easy to split up or refactor to become valid TS, and TS will help with that refactoring even. JS IDEs provide hints by pretending it's TS anyways.
We're supposed to professionals for crying out loud, not children insisting on our favourite flavour of ice cream.
I was under the impression that my job is to solve problems for customers, not to "be happy".
This is a red herring. You are an economic agent making decisions about your employment to maximize your own utility function, and trying to get what you can out of the market. Some try simply to maximize earnings. Some maximize some combo of earnings and hours worked/stress. Others care about finding meaning in their work. And others care about working with specific technologies, or at least not working with ones they hate.
All of these things are orthogonal to the concept of "being a professional."
I generally strongly agree with your sentiment, and am not a fan of the degree to which developers place their identity in one particular technology over another.
But in this specific case I imagine OP is associating untyped JS projects with tech debt and difficulty of maintenance that all too often can contribute to low morale. I've definitely been there before when it comes to large codebases with foundational technical debt and no type system to help one find their way around. There's something uniquely frustrating about e.g. a poorly formatted stack trace coming back from a bug monitoring tool due to broken or buggily-implemented sourcemaps. We can definitely debate whether language choice vs other factors (bad processes, low technical budget) contribute more to system quality. My guess is that language is not one of the largest factors, but it's probably nonetheless significant. Otherwise we wouldn't hear about stories where people left their jobs due to being sick of the shop tooling.
Agreed. Although TypeScript is a bit OO for my taste, JavaScript libraries have grown sufficiently complex as to warrant strong typing. The adoption rate is undeniable. Vue, Deno, Babylon… When your stack is written in TypeScript, the cost/benefit scale tips in favor of adopting it downstream.
Also, Cosmos is heating up, so you could make a case for Mongo's revival by extension.
At Notion we have some OO-as-state-encapsulation Typescript on the front end, but we have even more functional Typescript, and plenty of code somewhere in-between. We use the advanced Typescript types like as const inference, mapped types, and conditional types much more than we use inheritance or implements interface.
Honestly writing a large from-scratch codebase in Typescript focused on type correctness and make-invalid-states-unrepresentable has been very fun and productive. Our biggest issue with the language is error handling - dealing with all the errors from external libraries, the DOM, exceptions vs Result<S, F>, etc is the most annoying and error-prone aspect of our codebase. Shoehorning optionals into our style has left me paining for Rust's try features… and I've never really written rust either…
I think it's actually pretty easy to wrap third-party libs for the most part, and it's basically the "real way" to do most of this. Too many people hem at this idea but it resolves a lot of stuff come "oh no this lib is actually totally busted" o'clock.
Unfortunately when I go looking for Typescript advice on the internet, I find mostly shallow blogspam tutorials. I have an idea to take notes whenever I use an advanced TS feature and write an article called "Applying Advanced Typescript Types" — but that's remained just an idea for a couple of years.
My limited experience with TypeScript is that it's only as OO as it would be if you were writing plain JavaScript. Not sure if that makes sense - another way of saying it would be: JS has adopted some OO trappings, like class, but if you aren't using them in your JS then TypeScript isn't going to push you in that direction - you can write functional TS to the extent that you could write functional JS; and OO TS to the extent that you could write OO JS.
Unless you're refering more to the naming of new keywords, like interface? I see how those could be associated with popular OO languages, but really there's nothing making you write actual OO code.
My limited experience with TypeScript is that it's only as OO as it would be if you were writing plain JavaScript.
Anecdotally, after working at a Java and C# shop that picked up TypeScript, everyone's happy having things work more like those languages (well, mostly C# ;) than like JS. I just wish TypeScript would get typed exceptions already.
Yes, it is possible to write non-OO TypeScript. And yes, I'm pointing out its emphasis on interfaces and other OO features like class property modifiers.
I realize that the choice to make TypeScript a superset of JavaScript means that its roots in Scheme are still present. I also realize that typing a Scheme-ish language makes it (if one squints hard enough) an ML-ish language. Nevertheless, we should not be surprised if most TypeScript in the wild looks a lot more like C# and a lot less like fp-ts.
Nevertheless, we should not be surprised if most TypeScript in the wild looks a lot more like C# and a lot less like fp-ts.
Makes sense. Perhaps some of this is also due to TypeScript being palatable to people who are comfortable in languages like C# and Java; maybe they'd have stayed away from vanilla JS before (especially if they were exposed in the pre-ES6 days) but might be willing to write TypeScript today? That's total speculation, though, and I've no idea how many people like that there are.
I think people generally complain about systemd, among many reasons, because distros started with /etc/init.d, picked up systemd, and started using it in the same way. So "why do we need all this crap" makes sense when all the distro uses is the init system features. But systemd, for better or worse, is really a daemon manager, and the argument for systemd vs. sysvinit with NixOS or a tool like that is much stronger.
NixOps and similar let you do a form of distributed Terraform-style configuration. It's not automatic scheduling like Kubes, but gets you part of the way there at least. Scheduling would be cool, though. If NixOps could do it, it would beat Kubernetes at its own game.
And that's why Nix is a technology to watch. I think its current adoption is partially a backlash against Docker being inefficient - you can generate Docker images with docker-tools in nixpkgs now without ever installing Docker. The principles behind the tech are solid - per-application install prefixes are widely used on clusters, Nix takes it to the next level and uses them as part of the dataflow of building new derivations. In 2021, I bet we'll see the tools and documentation start to mature in a way that will ultimately set the stage for it being able to do more of what Kubernetes does, but without YAML. (Seriously. I'd rather write Nix than YAML.)
And Nix has done all this without Docker-style growth hacking or Kubernetes-style aggressive advertising, but nixpkgs is now creeping up on FreeBSD Ports in number of maintainers. The ecosystem has a pretty bright future, IMOThis is excellent news for those of us who've been writing bash scripts for a long time. We have decades of experience with an idiosyncratic, designed-by-oh-fuck-it language that barely has a syntax and performs in all sorts of surprising ways! This is practically the same thing, it's a new flavour, there are fewer people who know it, so the consulting rates are higher…
That's about how I feel … There are a lot of useful platforms locked behind YAML.
But it looks like there is a way out: JSON is a subset of YAML, so I changed my .travis.yml and sourcehut YAML to be generated. So I have .travis.yml.in, and .travis.yml, the latter of which is just JSON. [1]
So I can change the source language to be something else, but I didn't yet. My configs are like 30 lines now, so it may not be worth it. But I have worked on big services that are thousands of lines of config (e.g. when I used to work Google) . I would say that's the norm there, and tens of thousands of lines is pretty common too.
So it looks like you can already replace YAML with Jsonnet, Cue, probably Dhall, etc. Does anyone actually do it? Anecdotally, it does seem like templating YAML is more popular? I wonder why that is. I only work with a handful of services that accept YAML now.
I think the functional languages are a little unfamiliar. Oil will use Ruby-like blocks for configuration, sort of like Vagrant or Chef but more succinct.
Oil should will be more familiar to people who know shell / Python / Ruby. If you know those languages, I don't expect that Jsonnet, Cue, or Dhall is very familiar. They feel like an "extra" thing. And the last thing we want in infrastructure management is yet another config language. (That's why I think it makes sense to bundle into a shell.)
Ditto for Nix. Nix is very similar to these languages – it's basically an expression language over dynamically typed JSON-like records, but in this thread there is some negative feedback about that.
Anyway I want to fix this problem with Oil, but I'm not sure in which cases people would actually accept the extra "compiler". It seems like people are very eager to template YAML, and embed shell in YAML, which is weird to me. I wonder why that is.
I've actually been working on my own CI system (not yet finished/released) because I got so fed up with this. After I ran out of the Travis credit thing I looked at GitHub Actions, and I just couldn't get PostgreSQL to work: it just fails (after waiting 5 to 10 minutes, of course) and it's pretty much impossible to inspect anything to see what's going on. I already did this song and dance years ago with Travis, and it was painful then, and even more painful now.
It just sets up an image and starts /run-ci (or another program) from your repo in a container with runc. The script can be written in $anything supported on the container, and that's it. While this won't cover 100% of the CI usage cases, it's probably suitable for half or more of them, and you can, you know, actually debug it.
On the front-end side I think it was another year of "no new flavour of the week". From where I sit it looks like React is still the dominant UI framework, with Angular trucking along beside it. Those ships have been sailing pretty steadily for a while now. Soon people are going to have to come up with a new trope to make fun of those who work with Javascript ;)
The year of Prolog! Yes, I'm seriuous, last years we've seen flourish a new wave of Prolog environments (Tau, Trealla and Scryer) which this year can reach a production-ready status. At least, that's what I hope and I'm helping this environments with some patches as well.
There was even a new stable release of Mercury late last year. It's, uh, I'm not personally betting on it getting wide scale adoption, but I do personally feel that it's one of the most aesthetically pleasing bits of technology I've ever tried.
Yeah this is the quote and a bunch of the HN comments backed it up to a degree:
Although Prolog's original intent was to allow programmers to specify programs in a syntax close to logic, that is not how Prolog works. In fact, a conceptual understanding of logic is not that useful for understanding Prolog.
I have programmed in many languages, and I at least have a decent understanding of math. In fact I just wrote about the difference between programming and math with regards to parsing here:
Same. Every time I look at Prolog-ish things I want to be enlightened. It just never clicks. However, I feel like I know what the enlightenment would look like.
I don't fully grok logic programs, so I think of them as incredibly over-powered regexes over arbitrary data instead of regular strings. They can describe the specific shape of hypergraphs and stuff like that. So it makes sense to use it when you have an unwieldy blob of data that can only be understood with unwieldy blobs of logic/description, and you need an easy way to query or calculate information about it.
I think the master would say "ah, but what is programming if not pattern matching on data"? And at these words a PhD student is enlightened. It seems to makes sense for both describing the tree of a running program and smaller components like conditionals. It also seems like the Haskell folk back their way into similar spaces. But my brain just can't quite get there.
Sorry to hear that. For me Prolog is mainly about unification (which is different from most pattern matching I've seen because you need to remember the unifications you've done before between variables) and backtracking (which was criticized for being slow but in modern systems you can use different strategies for every predicate, the most famous alternative is tabling). For the rest, it should be used as a purely functional language (it is not and lots of tutorials use side effects, but keeping yourself pure you can reason about a lot of things making debugging way easier).
I did Prolog at university (which is not very rare in Europe) and we studied the logic parts of Prolog and where they come from, and yes, it's logic but it's heavily modified from the "usual way" to perform better and it's not 100% mathematically equivalent (for example using negation can produce bad results, no occurs check, …) and it uses backward-chaining which is the reverse to what people usually learn. Also lots of people use ! which can be used to improve performance to cut solutions, but it makes the code non-pure and harder to reason about.
However what I really liked about Prolog was the libraries that are made using the simple constructs. Bidirectional libraries that are very useful like dcgs (awesome stuff, I did some Advent of Code problems only using this "pattern matching over lists" helpers), findall, clpz, reif, dif, CHR if you want forward-chaining logic is also available in most Prolog systems,…
Yes, computational complexity is a problem, having backtrackable data structures will always have a penalty but it's not unfixable and there are ongoing efforts like the recent hashtable library.
Having that said, at the end it's also a matter of preference. I've seen in the repo that you consider Haskell easier. In my case it's just the opposite, Prolog fits my mind better there are fewer abstractions going on than in Haskell IMO.
Julia hopefully. I hate Python with a passion and don't want to learn R, so I really want to see Julia emerge as a viable alternative in scientific computing. I love its Lispiness as well. The ecosystem needs some polishing but it is very promising.
Bayesian modelling. I'm a big fan of explainable models, and Bayesian modelling and credible intervals are both intuitive and rich. With advances in MCMC sampling and ergonomics (with libraries like Stan, Turing.jl, PyMC3, Edward, and Pyro) hopefully we can see a growing number of Bayesian models.
Python and R were my mainly driver in research but I also wished to have use Julia and call PyCall and R equivalent only when stuck. Julia is amazing to do scientific programming in the very large understanding of what it could be, imho. One day, who knows.
Bayesian modelling and Inference: I hope that R-INLA and INLA approach can be ported to other languages (Julia hey).
After 17 years of no better time contribute to $linuxthing I think it's time I had a break from all this :-).
(Edit: well, I'm still going to use Linux for all sorts of embedded gadgets. And there's a driver I wrote, which I'm maintaining, and I've been putting off adding support for a new device for a few months now, what with all the global shipping kerfuffle. So I won't have a break from Linux – what I do want, and will hopefully get, is a break from dealing with… everything else, from systemd to xdg-whatever and from GTK to Wayland, in my spare time. I've got a bad case of perpetual beta fatigue.).
I used macOS full-time from 2007-2018 and part time from 2018-2020. macOS was really great when I started using it. But it is as buggy as any other desktop OS nowadays. With the large difference that there is no recourse besides filing issues in OpenRadar, which is pretty much the same as sending them to /dev/null. In a FLOSS systems like Linux or the BSDs, you can at least report bugs to someone who is listening or fix it yourself.
Oh, I'm not having grand expectations. I had two stints with what was OS X back at the time. I used 10.1, I think, for a few months (wasn't my laptop), and then used OS X 10.4 and 10.5 on two of my machines between roughly 2007 and 2010. It was okay, I liked Linux better but I could see the appeal. Programming Unix-y things under OS X was definitely not fun and I'm not expecting it to be any fun-er but it was solid enough to be useful.
Then I haven't touched Macs for a long time until last year, when nobody wanted to fix macOS bugs in one of the projects I'm working in and I figured why not. Based on a few weeks of fiddling with them, Catalina and Big Sur seem to me worse, overall, than 10.4 was at its time (I was too enthusiastic about Aqua to be able to tell much about 10.1) but I can work with them.
The hardware is the bit I'm more concerned about, honestly. I haven't peeked under the hood in a while but strictly based on what I can see outside, I want to hug my old iBook G3 and never let it go.
In a FLOSS systems like Linux or the BSDs, you can at least report bugs to someone who is listening or fix it yourself.
Until a few months ago when it finally became unnecessary, I used to babysit a GTK application so I got to be great at being talked down to by upstream. Being ignored would be, like, amazing!
Anyways, it'll take a while for my MBP to arrive. What's the worst that can happen? :-D
after years on MacOS I switched to Windows when I started working in gamedev, and after a few years of putting up with it I finally got fed up enough that I switched to Ubuntu over the holiday break. Since getting my dual boot setup working, I haven't yet booted into Windows.
Yeah. I initially thought it was a joke too, but the changes are real, and remove like 80% of the stuff I used to show to people when I was TAing a security class and had to explain how bad PHP could be. So good on them. It's probably still trivial to create XSS issues, though. PHP would definitely not be my first choice given lots of alternatives.
I programmed professionally in C, C++, and Python for almost 20 years, in that order. I wrote my first PHP program last week and largely liked it :) It's extremely procedural, but that is natural and appropriate within the stateless/functional CGI style. Procedural in the small but functional in the large.
Although to be fair I tried Flask (Python) right after, and I will probably end up using Flask for more things. But PHP has its upsides for sure. Mostly builtin libraries, easy deployment, and a good dev server. Although Flask also has a good dev server.
2021 will be the year of serverless. I think that until somewhat recently you were either all in or not because many execution environments were very bespoke. In 2021 I think that people will be shoving basically everything they can into lambdas/cloudrun/knative/workers and you'll run your app as far "up" the stack as possible.
I'm not going to be so brazen as to declare "the one to know." As someone who's spent a long time doing web development and the last year neck deep in WebGL, I'd say I'm interested in:
WebGPU: Writing vanilla WebGL is a pretty unpleasant. A framework like Babylon or Three is pretty much a necessity to be a productive web graphics developer. WebGPU promises a much better abstraction for graphics on the web. Now that Apple, Google, and Microsoft are all behind it, it seems like it's actually going to happen.
glTF: The chief obstacle to the adoption of 3D content on the web is a common format. The development of this format and its industry adoption is very promising.
WebAssembly: There was a lot of talk about "isomorphic" or "universal" JavaScript about seven years ago. That dream never quite materialized for most teams, in part because JavaScript was derided by established backend developers, but mostly because node's module system never caught on in the frontend development community. Most seasoned frontend developers who were around back then have Browserify horror stories they can share. (I certainly do.) WebAssembly's been around for a while. The debugging story is still pretty crude, but the momentum behind Rust, the announcement of the Bytecode Alliance, discussions about supporting garbage collection, and several recent announcements about running wasm on the backend and CDN layers give me hope that there's enough momentum behind this standard that we can eventually pick languages based on their own merits rather than what runtime for which they happen to be suited.
This is going to sound a whole lot like self-promoting (and frankly it is), but I'm hoping to come around to finally make secure boot more accessible for people. Mostly the aversion to secure boot is the poor tooling and the bundle of documentation you need to get around to using it. You shouldn't need to understand UEFI implementation details to utilize it.
Most of this work is being written in Go in the form of sbctl and go-uefi.
Working remotely means real-time collaborative tech is more necessary. Collaborative data structures like CRDTs don't need a central server – each peer has the history necessary to reconstruct the document. There's a lot of overlap between collaborative editing research and P2P tech.
There are big issues, some probably unsolvable, but the energy seems to be there in a way that it wasn't 5 years ago. I'm surprised that it seems like progress seemed to slow down so much after BitTorrent, but as someone who's dissatisfied with large tech platforms and doesn't see federation as the solution, I'm excited to see the progress.
Most of the P2P software I've used (syncthing, for example) involves relay servers for creating the initial P2P connection, which always struck me as inelegant and limiting, not that I have a better solution. Is that still the case? I took a quick glance at some of those links, and it sounds like hyperbee at least is an alternative, if I'm reading it right.
This question was prompted by a discussion I had about how I felt like all the momentum in programming languages is pointing toward Rust these days, and I felt like there's no point in keeping my Go current (it's been languishing for a couple of years now anyway).
So, I asked this question to see (among other things) if I'm right or wrong.
What is driving that feeling? Genuinely curious, because I feel the opposite. I am seeing more and more enterprises adopt Go. In conversations I have with other engineers, Rust still feels a little underground.
I also think that Go and Rust have slightly different use cases & target audiences.
Well, lobste.rs, for one. I feel like everywhere I look on here people talk about how they'd re-do everything in Rust if they could. The number of Rust advocates I see here seems to dwarf the number of Go advocates. Maybe that's perception because Rust is "newer" and its advocates louder, but who knows.
Go and Rust more or less solve the same problem (although the overlap isn't 100%), just in different ways, not too dissimilar to how Perl and Python more or less solve the same problems in very different ways.
I have the impression that, on average, Go tends to attract people who are a little bit jaded by the Latest Hot New Thing™ churn for 20 years and just want to write their ifs and fors and not bother too much with everything else. This is probably one reason why the Go community has the (IMHO reasonably deserved) reputation for being a bunch of curmudgeonly malcontents. These are not the sort of people who go out and enthusiastically advocate for Go, or rewrite existing tools in Go for the sake of it: they're happy with existing tools as long as they work.
Another reason I don't really like to get involved in Go discussions is because some people have a massive hate-on for it and don't shy away from telling everyone that Go is stupid and so is anyone using it every chance they get. It gets very boring very fast and I have better things to do than to engage with that kind of stuff, so I don't. There's some people like that on Lobsters as well, although it's less than on HN or Reddit. It's a major reason why I just stopped checking /r/programming altogether, because if the top comment of damn near every post is "lol no generics" followed by people ranting about "Retards in Go team don't think generics are useful" (which simply isn't true) then … yeah… Let's not.
Hard disagree, rust is way more useful for actual problems like c/c++ are. I can write kernel modules in it, there is almost no way i'd want to do that with go. Having a garbage collector, or even really a runtime in go means a different use case entirely to being able to run without an os and target minis. Yes I know go can be used for that too but just due to having a GC you're limited on how far down the horsepower wagon you can go.
I hold no views outside of that rust actually has solutions and community drive (aka people using it for that upstreaming things) for programming things like avr processors etc… I don't hate go it just strikes me as redundant and not useful for my use cases. Kinda like if you learn python not much use for learning ruby too kind of a deal. And if I'm already using rust for low level stuff, why not high level too?
I don't however miss debugging goroutine and channel bugs though, go is way easier to shoot yourself in a concurrent foot without realizing it. It might be 'simple' but that doesn't mean its without its own tradeoffs. I can read and write in it but prefer the rust compiler telling me i'm an idiot for trying to share data across threads to goroutine debugging where two goroutines read off one channel and one of ems never gonna complete cause the other already got it. I'm sure "I'm holding it wrong" but as I get older these strict and more formal/functional languages like rust/haskell/idris/blah strike my fancy more. I"m not talking about generics really but stuff like Monads (Option/Result essentially) read to me way better than the incessant if the thing i did isn't nil constantly. Its closer to what I've done in the past in C with macros etc…
Its not that I hate it though, just that the language seems a step back in helping me do things. Idris as an example though is the coolest thing I've used in years in that using it was like having a conversation with the compiler and relearning how to move my computation to the type system. It was impressive how concise you can make things in it.
As a recovering kernel/c hacker, you'd think go would appeal but to be honest it just seems more of the same as c with less ways of stopping me from shooting myself in the foot needlessly.
But to each their own, functional languages with types just strike me as actually doing a lot of things that OO languages from the mid 90's always said could be done with open form polymorphism but never seemed to happen.
In 10 years we'll see where the ball landed in the outfield so whatever.
Yes, hence the "more or less". Most people aren't writing kernel modules; they're writing some CLI app, network service, database app, and so forth. You can do that with both languages. TinyGo can be used for microcontrollers, although I don't know how well it works in practice – it does still have a GC and a (small) runtime (but so has e.g. C).
I don't however miss debugging goroutine and channel bugs though, go is way easier to shoot yourself in a concurrent foot without realizing it.
Yeah, a lot of decisions are trade-offs. I've been intending to write a "why Go is not simple"-post or some such, which argues that while the syntax is very simple, using those simple constructs to build useful programs is a lot less simple. In another thread yesterday people were saying 'you can learn Go in two days", but I don't think that's really the case (you can only learn the syntax). On the other hand, I've tried to debug Rust programs and pretty much failed as I couldn't make sense of the syntax. I never programmed much in Rust so the failure is entirely my own, but it's a different set of trade-offs.
In the end, I think a lot just comes down to style (not everything, obviously, like your kernel modules). I used to program Ruby in a previous life, which is fairly close to Rust in design philosophy, and I like Ruby, but it's approach is not without its problems either. I wrote something about that on HN a few weeks ago (the context being "why isn't Ruby used more for scripting?")
Cooperative concurrency is just more complicated (as a developer, not as a language designer) than preemptive concurrency. The trade-off is that it's more performant. Someone could build a Rust-like language, i.e. compiler-enforced data race freedom, with green threads and relocatable stacks. And someday someone might. For now, the choice is between performance and compiler-enforced correctness on the Rust side, or "simpler" concurrency on the Go side.
There's just a lot of toxicity about programming languages out there, and subjectively it feels particularly bad here. Rust has a lot to like and enough to dislike (abandoned libraries, inconsistent async story, library soup, many ways to do the same thing), but something about its culture just brings out the hawkers. I still heartily recommend giving Rust a try, though you won't be super impressed if you've used Haskell or Ocaml in the past.
I guess I find this often to be a solution with very few problems to solve. It's understandable if you're writing an OS or if you're working on something real-time sensitive, but as long as the system you're making can tolerate > 1ms p99 response times, and doesn't require real-time behavior, Go, JVM languages, and .NET languages should be good enough. One could argue that there exists systems in the 1-10ms range where it's easier to design in non-GC languages rather than fight the GC, and I can really see Rust succeeding in these areas, but this remains a narrow area of work. For most systems, I think working with a GC keeps logic light and easily understandable. When it comes to expressive power and compiler-driven development, I think both Haskell and Ocaml have better development stories.
Rust also has a much cleaner package management story and (ironically) faster compile times than Haskell. And first-class support for mutability. And you don't have to deal with monad transformers.
Haskell is still a much higher level language, though. I experimented last night with translating a programming language core from Haskell to Rust, and I quickly got lost in the weeds of Iterator vs Visitor pattern vs Vec. Haskell is pretty incredible in it's ability to abstract out from those details.
I've been using Go since around the 1.0 release and Rust for the last year or so. I don't think either of them is going away any time soon. Go has less visible advocates, but it's definitely still used all over the place. Datadog has a huge Go repo, GitHub has been looking for Go engineers, etc.
Rust is more visible because it's newer and fancier, but it still loses for me in multiple aspects:
Development speed - It's a much pickier language and is much slower to develop in, though it forces you to get things right (or at least handle every case). Rust-Analyzer is great, but still fairly slow when compared to a simpler language.
Compilation speed - Go compiles way faster because it's a much simpler language.
Library support/ecosystem - Because Go has been around for quite a while, there are a wealth of libraries to use. Because Rust hasn't been around as long, many of the libraries are not as mature and sometimes not as well maintained.
However, Rust makes a number of improvements on Go.
Error handling - Rust's error handling is miles above Go. if err != nil will haunt me to the end of my days.
Pattern matching - extremely powerful. This is an advantage Rust has, but I'm not sure how/if it would fit in to Go.
Generics - In theory coming to Go soon… though they will be very different feature-set wise
They're both great languages, and they have different strengths. For rock-solid systems software, I'd probably look at Rust. For web-apps and services, I'd probably look to Go first.
Rust's async/await is definitely more complicated than Go's green threads, and is almost certainly not worth it if Go has everything you need for your project. However, Rust's standard threads are extremely powerful and quite safe, thanks to the Sync and Send marker traits and associated mechanics, and libraries like rayon make trivial parallelism trivial. Just yesterday I had a trivially parallel task that was going to take 3 days to run. I refreshed myself on how to use the latest rayon, and within about 10 minutes had it running on all 8 hyperthreads.
A further difference is that Go code is hard to link with other languages due to its idiosyncratic ABI, threading and heaps. Rust fits in better. Not just in OS kernels but in mobile apps and libraries. (I'm still not a fan of Rust, though; Nim fits in well too and just feels a lot easier to use.)
Well, tinygo != go, and e.g. gccgo still reuses the official standard library from the main implementation (which is where lots of the frustrating stuff is located, e.g. the usage of raw syscalls even on platforms like FreeBSD where it's "technically possible but very explicitly not defined as public API").
As someone who dislikes Go quite a lot, and is really enjoying Rust: I think they are different enough they serve different use cases.
Go is much faster to learn, doesn't require you to think about memory management or ownership (sometimes good, sometimes very very bad, Go code tends to be full of thread-safety bugs), is usually fast enough. For standard web app that is CPU-bound it'll work just fine, without having to teach your team a vast new language scope.
On the flip side, I'm working on a LD_PRELOADed profiler that hooks malloc(), and that's basically impossible with Go, and I also need to extract every bit of performance I can. So Rust is (mostly) great for that—in practice I need a little C too because of Reasons. More broadly, anytime you want to write an extension for another language Go is not your friend.
That is a good point, but once a developer has encountered the type of code that makes the race detector unhappy, will they not write better code in the future? Is this really a problem for most popular Go projects on GitHub, for instance? Also, the "staticcheck" utility helps a lot.
Unfortunately, there's still, even among some experienced programmers, a notion that "a race will happen so rarely we don't have to worry about this one case". Also I've seen an expectation that e.g. "I'm on amd64 so any uint64 access is atomic", with no understanding of out-of-order execution etc. I assume in Rust this would be a harder sell… though the recent drama with a popular web framework (can't recall the name now) in Rust seems to show to me that using unsafe is probably kinda similar approach/cop-out ("I just use unsafe in this simple case, it really does nothing wrong", or "because speed").
I think (hope) the world settles into Rust and Go. I don't see the Bell Labs folks not going 3 for 3 with Go. Rust I enjoyed playing with many months ago and it was a bonus I guess (at the time) that it was backed by Mozilla. Misplaced loyalties abound. Maybe (in a decade or so) lots of things once written in C will Rust over and tcp/http stuff will be written in Go.
Oh, the beast…hmmm. Rust. I love rg, for sure. But Rust is approaching that era of "this will solve no matter what problem I throw at it!" Also, it's "new" and "fast". I will say, rg has been a JOY. And that's probably Rust "written well". Not that I have any idea how "well" written Rust should look.
Isn't the "tools" part kind of the problem? There's never been a shortage of business people throwing cash at vendors for "security products" of various usefulness (and with bugs in them), but there's always a shortage of actually incorporating security as a process into everything someone does.
I personally believe that whenever the Team (now called Enso) finally releases something stable and usable, this will immediately become the most groundbreaking development of the particular year in software technology (if not immediately recognized as such by many and derided as "a toy"). Here's to hoping this will happen in 2021… though they are certainly taking their time, sigh. Kinda "Duke Nukem Forever" mechanics behind that I believe.
I totally forgot about Luna (even it was sitting during a time on my laptop), thanks! If they really pull this of and improve the performance (at least since last year when I tested it for the last time), it could be amazing both for them and will expose a little more Haskell's potential nevermind the Enso shift seems to have moved the codebase to Scala.
Edit: The Enso change seems also to have changed a lot of different approach and visualizations. I am a bit disappointed to be honest.
About the approach, the shift away from Haskell and the Atom¹ front-end as much as understandable for the various reasons provided on their dev blog make it a whole new stack. It is still impressive to move all this to a custom WebGL render in Rust + leveraging GraalVM² to, one day, provide interop between multiple languages. The change in communication semantic too : From the Luna language to the Enso IDE. It is nitpicking but you switch from a visual programming language to a tool. All that is more "my little bubble view of the world" than any practical disappointment.
For the visual part. The Luna lang website has not been updated to reflect the Enso change. If you look at the last post, you will is the change in the graphical language. From a clear node-oriented graphical visual, the shift put the text language first and foremost in the visual language with a but of widget around for visualization. I preferred the graphic language used in Luna.
Let be clear, what the Enso/Luna team are doing is amazing and I am still in awe looking at what they have done and what they do. Still keeping an eye on it and trying to play with it when I can.
¹: It is crazy how Atom (and now to a less extend VScode) was used to provided new interface. In a less transformative way, Juno for Julia also used it as a backend.
²: GraalVM maybe a bit like Atom but instead of the frontend, it provide a rule it all backend. I really see the appeal but since I never more than dipped my toe in Java-ecosystem, I never followed closely what's happening with Graal.
This is a pet peeve of mine, but any prediction/forecast like this is useless without sufficient detail to make it falsifiable. What does one mean by "the year of the ARM workstation"? What market share? In which countries? What does "TypeScript broadly seen as an essential tool" mean? What evidence would one need to know that turned out to be false?
Vague predictions without sufficient detail to be falsifiable tends to boil down to various fancy ways of saying "popular technology will keep being popular". By putting it in concrete terms you force yourself to be honest.
Additionally it's a huge difference between 95 % and 55 % confidence. I'd recommend anyone forecasting tech here attach a confidence level to your prediction. That way you can be scored and we can get an aggregate crustacean prediction skill score too!
I think there is a strong trend in the direction to static linking and embedding files. Java has fat JARs, there is projects like Bazel, cosmopolitan and CloudABI, developments around microkernels, Go gets out of the box support for embedding files. There is a ton of sandboxing mechanism that get simpler (pledge and unveil on OpenBSD, capsucimizer on FreeBSD and many ways of Linux).
There is production ready ways, like Nomad that allow these to be run. To stick with the Nomad example. There is Task Drivers for JARs, raw and isolated execution of binaries, Qemu which could be used for microkernels and a plugin interface to build additional ones.
And then there are Nix, developments around WebAssembly and other approaches. WebAssembly might be a technology that will be used more and more and be it just to replace the last remaining flash applications.
With all of these in existence and services overall being developed, configured and run in more similar fashion I think it makes it a lot easier for new approaches to get their foot on the ground.
As much as I dislike the (blind) hype around many of the developments in the past decade or so it certainly lead to software to get into a state that makes it easier to manage. In other words it's not that something like Docker as a container or cloud infrastructure made things simpler, but (also) that software developed with certain limitations in mind helped to create a set of expectations which are close to a "standard", a "style guide" or a set of best practice rules, that is used almost globally. So overall I think we will see that being harnessed more and more.
Something else I've already noticed in the last one or two years, that is not really a technology and is highly subjective (maybe someone here has more insight?). Some people that exclusively used laptops are switching back to desktop systems or at least use them again in addition.
For me, 2021 is the year of Elixir and the Phoenix Framework. I have plans to complete some project with them. Elixir seems to have a lot of enthusiasm behind it, but I don't know how much compared to other languages. But, that's not super important to me. I really like Elixir, so I'm going all in (besides my usual work in C and Lua). Any other folks tackling Elixir this year?
Honestly, even though "3d models as code" sounds awesome in theory, I much prefer FreeCAD (PartDesign). Maybe it's just because I was never good at geometry, but designing parts visually with a "feature editing" workflow is much easier and faster.
(btw, there are interesting alternatives in the model-as-code space too)
CadQuery looks really interesting - thanks for the link. I have been using Fusion360 and Solidworks for my MSc, but don't like either enough to justify the price tag. I'll need to have a play with FreeCAD, but having used OpenSCAD in the past (as it worked well on OpenBSD) I liked the model-as-code approach.
I recognize that this might be in the land of fantasy rather than solid prophecy, but…
Nim's ARC/ORC memory management will reach a level of perceived stability which allows its usage in production. It's already usable for software where Rust excels, but with much better ergonomics and developer happiness. It will reach top 50 in TIOBE in 2021.
Realistically, this would require a significant and successful PR effort from the Nim team, which they so far haven't been able or willing to do.
I bet Unreal will start eating Unity's lunch very soon. Unity's been making a lot of weird business decisions, and Unreal's been stepping up on their pedagogy (along with being developped by Actual Gamemakers). When people start realizing how easy Stuff like Unreal blueprints makes it insanely easy for anyone to pick up these tools.
Unity still has a good lock on the "people starting out" thanks to all the content, but I think it'll flip
TypeScript will become even bigger. As JS codebases keep growing rapidly, old object oriented approaches will start to appear more on JS code bases. Teams trying to use purely functional approaches will start to appreciate the multi paradigm nature of JS. | eng | a385a4f0-6eaf-4aa8-a0ed-6045160c5bec | https://lobste.rs/s/v4crap/crustaceans_2021_will_be_year_technology |
LeBron James has been dominating the court ever since he entered the league in 2003. He's considered one of the best basketball players of all-time and many will sit and debate him amongst the likes of Michael Jordan, Magic Johnson and Kobe Bryant.
But did LeBron James go to college? When did LeBron start playing basketball? And of course, how many rings does LeBron James have now? All of these questions and more will be answered in our biography.
Lebron's Early Life
Where was LeBron James Born? He's just a kid from Akron, Ohio!
LeBron "King" James was born December 30, 1984, to a single mother when she was only 16 years old. Gloria Marie James gave birth to LeBron and his father, Anthony McClelland had various run-ins with the law so he was not in his son's life as he was growing up.
James faced a lot of difficulties growing up as his family moved around a lot amongst some of the "less desirable" neighborhoods in Akron.
LeBron ultimately moved in with a local football coach when he was nine years old. Frank Walker, the coach, introduced LeBron to basketball. He quickly became a star player in his local leagues.
High School Career
In high school, James played for St. Vincent-St. Mary High School in Akron, Ohio. He led the school to three state championships and was named Ohio's Mr. Basketball three times. He was also selected to play for USA Today's All-USA First Team as a sophomore.
During his senior year, he was widely regarded as the best high school player in the country.
LeBron put up 21 points and 6 rebounds per game during his high school career and ultimately entered into the 2003 NBA Draft.
Professional Career
How long has LeBron James been in the NBA? Let's go through the details of LeBron's career in the league:
Cleveland Cavaliers – 2003-2010
In 2003, LeBron James was drafted first overall by the Cleveland Cavaliers. He was only 18 years old at the time and was immediately hailed as a prodigy. In fact, he put up 25 points in his first regular season game.
James quickly lived up to the hype, averaging 20.9 points, 5.5 rebounds, and 5.9 assists per game in his rookie season. He became the first Cavalier to ever receive the NBA Rookie of the Year Award.
He went on to spend seven seasons with the Cavaliers, becoming the team's all-time leading scorer in the process.
Miami Heat – 2010-2014
In 2010, James shocked the basketball world by leaving the Cavaliers to join the Miami Heat. He was contacted during this time by a number of teams but he ultimately chose Miami for the opportunity to keep winning.
James was heavily criticized during this time by analysts, fans, and even former players like Michael Jordan and Magic Johnson.
Along with fellow All-Stars Dwyane Wade and Chris Bosh, James formed a "big three" that was expected to dominate the league. And dominate they did. James won two more MVP awards and led the Heat to four straight NBA Finals appearances, winning two championships in 2012 and 2013.
James averaged 29.7 points and 7.8 assists in February of the 2012-2013 season. The Heat had the third longest win streak in NBA history at 27. Everything seemed to be going right for the big three in Miami.
The Spurs eliminated the Heat in five games in 2014 where James averaged 28.2 points. He opted out of his contract and went back to Cleveland.
LeBron returns to Cleveland – 2014-2018
In 2014, James returned to the Cavaliers, determined to bring a championship to his hometown. He led the team to the NBA Finals in each of his four seasons back in Cleveland, winning the championship in 2016.
This was a historic moment for the Cavaliers, as they became the first team in NBA history to overcome a 3-1 deficit in the Finals. LeBron helped pave the way averaging a near triple-double with 29.7 points, 11.3 rebounds, and 8.9 assists. He became only the third player in history to record a triple-double in a game 7.
Los Angeles Lakers – 2018-present
LeBron signed with the Lakers in 2018 and while there have been many struggles, he still dominates the Western Conference averaging 25, 7, and 8. The team in 2018 was made up of a controversial bunch of veterans and the Lakers struggled to find cohesiveness in the lineup.
James had a strong mid-season performance right up until he had the first major injury of his career missing 17 consecutive games. The team was ultimately unable to make the postseason until the 2019 season.
The team entered the playoffs as the number one seed and James helped them defeat the Heat in the Finals with a huge game 6.
On February 7, 2023 – LeBron scored his 38,388th point to pass Kareem Abdul-Jabbar as the all-time leading scorer in NBA history. This is a record that has remained since 1984.
LeBron James is a legend and will go down in history as one of the best basketball players to ever step foot on the court. He has contributed a lot on and off the court and has inspired countless young men to pursue their passion. | eng | 61e7d76d-a47c-47f5-aa50-ce42693897f1 | https://lakersnation.com/lebron-james-biography/ |
The change towards a far more interconnected and electronic-centric globe has propelled the adoption of different on-line platforms, with webinars major the cost. These digital displays, lectures, workshops, or seminars conducted in excess of the world wide web offer many benefits but also carry new difficulties. Let's delve deeper into how 1 can really learn the art of web hosting productive webinars.
one. Knowing the Anatomy of a Webinar
At its main, a webinar contains a few principal elements:
The Presenter: An individual or group accountable for delivering the material. The Content: The information, insights, or information being shared. The Audience: Attendees who have tuned in to find out, interact, or interact. 2. Essential Factors for a Profitable Webinar
Ticket Sales: Demand a price for large-value content material, specialist insights, or exclusive workshops. Sponsorships: Collaborate with makes or firms that align with your content for sponsored segments or classes. Affiliate Marketing: Encourage products or companies throughout your webinar and make a commission on sales. 6. The Highway Forward: Improvements in Webinar Platforms
Webinars are not just a fleeting development they are an integral element of the digital communication toolbox. By understanding their nuances, addressing challenges head-on, and leveraging their various apps, a single can really harness the electrical power of webinars in this electronic age. | eng | 011fc3df-b9e2-4321-9a5a-8a5f3e35f513 | https://shruijieqc.com/mastering-webinars-approaches-for-success-in-the-digital-place/ |
Theme for the Week – 31 May 2015
Scripture: Isaiah 6:1-8; Psalm 29; Romans 8:12-17; John 3:1-17
One of the joys of reading is also one of its challenges: the use of imagination. A good story engages us, and we fill in details – images and sounds – in our own minds. The challenge comes when we want to read something that ought to be authoritative, yet which leaves too much to our own imagination.
For example, in today's gospel passage, Jesus has a conversation with Nicodemus, who comes to him at night, alone. If we could hear the tone of voice used by Jesus, it might colour our understanding. If the voice of Jesus is critical, then it emphasises his superiority; if it is humorous, then it emphasises his camaraderie, and his good-natured connection to us; if it is pensive, then it leads us to the image of Jesus learning as he teaches, realising, for example, that his task is no simple one.
When Jesus says, "Are you a teacher … and yet you do not understand?" we might witness him growing in understanding of just how difficult his task was to be. Indeed, teaching the people proved to be daunting and difficult – and ultimately painful. Yet he went about his task by living the change he taught to the world, and by inviting all, without exception, to come to him to learn.
On Trinity Sunday, we are invited to contemplate this pivotal point in the relationship between God and humanity, especially the way in which we learn. Before Jesus, we learnt like small children, through impression and absorption; through and after Jesus, we can learn through language and reason – and progress in turn to be teachers.
Like Isaiah, we are people of unclean lips encouraged to educate one another through prophetic witness. Yet teachers learn as they teach, and growing in understanding of God's purpose and vision for us and for the world is a life-long process. | eng | ce7ee8b9-8b21-4dee-b128-ef9984069796 | https://anglicanchurchmenorca.com/theme-for-the-week-31-may-2015/ |
Oklahoma my business eligible is eligibleHow can an does ERC is eligible | eng | d4d69c1d-3498-4252-965c-f8a6052b9e7b | https://highimpactgrants.org/tag/apply-for-employee-retention-credit-employee-retention-credit-oklahoma/ |
What Gaming Chair Does Tfue Use
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Oh boy, let me tell you about the gaming chair that Tfue uses. It's an absolute game-changer! When it comes to dominating the virtual battlefield, having the right chair can make all the difference. In this article, we'll dive into the importance of a gaming chair and the factors you should consider. But the real star of the show is Tfue's preferred chair. We'll take a closer look at its key features, durability, and adjustability, as well as share some tips and alternatives. Get ready to level up your gaming experience!
Key Takeaways
Tfue prefers a gaming chair that offers unparalleled comfort with its ergonomic design and cushioning.
He values superior adjustability in his gaming chair, including options for height, armrests, and tilt.
Tfue prioritizes posture support in his gaming chair, specifically seeking out models with lumbar support and adjustable headrests.
He looks for durability and quality in his gaming chair, opting for high-quality materials and sturdy construction.
The Importance of a Gaming Chair
If you want to improve your gaming experience and prevent back pain, you should consider investing in a gaming chair. The importance of good posture while gaming cannot be overstated, as it has a significant impact on long-term health. Sitting in a hunched position for hours on end can lead to back, neck, and shoulder pain, as well as poor circulation and muscle fatigue. A gaming chair is designed to provide proper support and promote good posture. With features like adjustable lumbar support, ergonomic design, and adjustable armrests, these chairs allow you to maintain a neutral spine position, reducing the strain on your back and neck. By investing in a gaming chair, you can enjoy longer, more comfortable gaming sessions while safeguarding your long-term health.
When it comes to choosing the right gaming chair for you, there are several factors to consider.
Factors to Consider When Choosing a Gaming Chair
When choosing a gaming chair, you should consider factors such as comfort, adjustability, and durability. These factors play a crucial role in ensuring an enjoyable gaming experience. Comfort is key, as you will be spending hours sitting in the chair. Look for chairs with ample padding and ergonomic designs. Adjustability allows you to customize the chair to your specific needs, ensuring proper posture and reducing the risk of discomfort or pain. Durability is also important, as you want a chair that will last for years to come. When it comes to materials, gaming chairs are typically made of high-quality leather or fabric. Pricing options vary depending on the brand and features, ranging from budget-friendly to high-end. Now, let's take a closer look at tfue's gaming chair.
Tfue's Gaming Chair: A Closer Look
To get a closer look at Tfue's gaming chair, you should consider checking out reviews from other gamers who have tried it. They have praised the chair for its exceptional features and the advantages it provides during gaming sessions. Here are four reasons why Tfue's gaming chair stands out:
Unparalleled comfort: The chair is designed to provide maximum comfort with its ergonomic design and cushioning, allowing gamers to sit for hours without discomfort or fatigue.
Superior adjustability: With adjustable features like height, armrests, and tilt, Tfue's gaming chair offers personalized comfort and support, ensuring a perfect fit for every individual.
Enhanced posture support: The chair promotes proper posture, reducing the risk of back pain and other related issues by providing adequate lumbar support and adjustable headrest.
Durability and quality: Tfue's gaming chair is built to last, with high-quality materials and sturdy construction, ensuring long-term usage without any compromise in performance.
With these outstanding features, Tfue's gaming chair is a top choice for gamers seeking comfort, support, and durability. Now, let's delve into the key features of his preferred gaming chair.
Key Features of Tfue's Preferred Gaming Chair
When it comes to gaming chairs, Tfue's chair specifications are worth exploring. As one of the top gamers in the world, Tfue understands the importance of having a chair that provides comfort and support during long gaming sessions. By discussing Tfue's chair specifications, we can gain insights into the features that make gaming chairs beneficial for gamers of all levels.
Tfue's Chair Specifications
Tfue's chair is specifically designed for long hours of gaming. It provides excellent comfort and support, allowing gamers like me to focus on the game without any distractions. Here are some key specifications of Tfue's gaming chair:
Material: The chair is made of high-quality leather, which not only adds a touch of luxury but also ensures durability and easy maintenance.
Ergonomics: It features an ergonomic design with adjustable armrests, lumbar support, and a headrest pillow, allowing for personalized comfort and reducing the risk of fatigue or discomfort.
Recline and Tilt: Tfue's chair offers a reclining feature that allows you to adjust the backrest angle up to 180 degrees. Additionally, it has a tilt mechanism that enables you to tilt the chair to your preferred angle.
Height Adjustment: The chair is equipped with a gas lift mechanism, allowing you to easily adjust the height to find the perfect position for your gaming setup.
To get your hands on Tfue's gaming chair, you can check out reputable online retailers or visit their official website. Now, let's explore the benefits of gaming chairs and why they are a worthy investment.
Benefits of Gaming Chairs
One major benefit of gaming chairs is that they provide excellent support and comfort for long gaming sessions. When it comes to gaming chair features, there are a few key factors to consider in order to choose the right chair for your needs. Firstly, look for a chair that has adjustable features such as height, armrests, and backrest tilt. This allows you to customize the chair to your body type and preferences. Additionally, a good gaming chair should have ergonomic design elements, such as lumbar support and a headrest, to promote proper posture and reduce discomfort. Another important feature to look for is high-quality padding and upholstery materials that offer both comfort and durability. By investing in a well-designed gaming chair, you can ensure that you have a comfortable and supportive seating option for all your gaming adventures. Speaking of durability and longevity, it is crucial to choose a chair that is built to last.
Durability and Longevity: Why It Matters
To ensure your gaming chair lasts a long time, durability and longevity should be your main concerns. When it comes to gaming chairs, there is often a trade-off between durability and affordability. While it may be tempting to opt for a cheaper chair, it's important to consider the long-term investment. A durable chair will not only withstand the test of time but also provide the necessary support for your body during long gaming sessions. Additionally, finding the right size is crucial for both comfort and durability. A chair that is too small may not be able to support your body properly, leading to discomfort and potential damage. On the other hand, a chair that is too big may lack the necessary stability. Transitioning into the next section about comfort and ergonomics, finding the right fit is essential for an enjoyable gaming experience.
Comfort and Ergonomics: Finding the Right Fit
When it comes to gaming chairs, proper support is crucial for long hours of gameplay. Not only does it provide comfort, but it also helps maintain good posture and reduces the risk of developing back or neck pain. Additionally, the ability to customize the chair to fit your individual needs is essential for achieving optimal comfort and ergonomics. By having a chair that is adjustable in height, armrests, and tilt, you can personalize it to your liking and enhance your gaming performance.
Importance of Proper Support
You'll want to prioritize proper support when choosing a gaming chair, as it can greatly enhance your comfort and prevent potential posture issues. Maintaining proper posture is crucial for preventing back pain and ensuring long-term comfort during those intense gaming sessions. A chair with good lumbar support and an adjustable backrest can help align your spine correctly, reducing the strain on your lower back. Look for chairs that have adjustable armrests as well, as they can provide additional support and prevent shoulder and neck pain. The right gaming chair will not only keep you comfortable, but it will also promote a healthy gaming experience. And speaking of comfort, let's explore how gaming chairs can be customizable for individual needs, allowing you to find the perfect fit for your body.
Customizable for Individual Needs
Finding a gaming chair that can be customized to meet your individual needs is essential for optimal comfort and support. With customizable options, you can personalize your chair to fit your body perfectly. Whether it's adjusting the height, the armrests, or the backrest angle, having the ability to tailor your chair to your preferences ensures that you can maintain a proper gaming posture and avoid discomfort or pain. Additionally, customizable chairs allow you to find the perfect balance between support and flexibility, enhancing your gaming experience. When you're able to create a seating setup that aligns with your body's natural curves and movements, you can focus on the game without distractions. Now, let's explore how enhancing your gaming performance goes beyond just a comfortable chair.
Enhancing Gaming Performance
Enhancing your gaming performance goes beyond just having a comfortable chair. It's important to consider how your posture and back health can impact your overall gaming experience. Improving your posture not only helps to prevent back pain but also ensures that you're in the optimal position for gameplay. When you sit in a proper posture, you can reduce strain on your muscles and joints, allowing for better focus and endurance during long gaming sessions. By maintaining good posture, you can avoid unnecessary discomfort and potential injuries. Now, let's dive into the next section where we explore the importance of gaming chair adjustability and how it can further enhance your gaming experience.
Gaming Chair Adjustability: Customizing Your Experience
Adjusting the gaming chair to fit your preferences can greatly enhance your overall gaming experience. Gaming chairs are designed with various customization options to ensure that you find the perfect fit for your body and gaming style. One important aspect to consider is finding the right chair size. A chair that is too small can lead to discomfort and poor posture, while a chair that is too big may not provide the necessary support. To help you understand the different adjustability features available, take a look at the table below:
Adjustability Feature
Description
Height Adjustment
Allows you to raise or lower the chair to match your desk height.
Armrest Adjustment
Enables you to adjust the height and angle of the armrests for optimal comfort.
Reclining Function
Allows you to recline the chair to different angles, providing options for relaxation or focus.
Tfue's Gaming Chair Setup: Tips and Tricks
When it comes to sitting for long periods of time, having an ergonomic chair can make a world of difference. Not only does it provide comfort and support, but it also offers a range of benefits for your overall health and well-being. In this discussion, I will explore the various advantages of using an ergonomic chair and share tips on how to find the perfect fit for your body.
Ergonomic Chair Benefits
Using an ergonomic chair can greatly improve your posture and reduce the risk of developing back pain. When it comes to ergonomic chair design, there are several key features that contribute to its ability to enhance posture and provide comfort. These include:
Breathable materials: Keeps you cool and comfortable, preventing sweating and discomfort during long periods of sitting.
Swivel and tilt functions: Promote movement and flexibility, preventing stiffness and allowing you to adjust your position easily.
Finding the Perfect Fit
When it comes to finding the perfect gaming chair, there are a few key factors to consider. Gaming chair brands offer a wide range of options, each with its own unique features and benefits. Some popular brands include Secretlab, DXRacer, and AKRacing. These brands are known for their high-quality construction and ergonomic designs, ensuring maximum comfort and support during long gaming sessions.
In addition to the brand, the material of the gaming chair is also important. Most gaming chairs are made from materials such as leather, fabric, or mesh. Leather chairs provide a luxurious feel and are easy to clean, while fabric chairs offer breathability and a softer touch. Mesh chairs are great for those who prefer a cooler gaming experience.
Alternatives to Tfue's Gaming Chair
If you're looking for alternatives to Tfue's gaming chair, you might consider checking out other popular brands like Secretlab or DXRacer. These brands offer a wide range of options that can suit different budgets and preferences. Secretlab, for example, has a variety of models that cater to both casual and professional gamers, with prices that can fit within a budget. DXRacer is another popular choice known for its ergonomic designs and durability. They also offer a range of price points to accommodate different budgets. When it comes to finding the perfect gaming chair, it's important to consider factors such as comfort, adjustability, and support. So, let's dive into the next section and explore how you can make the right choice for your gaming needs.
Making the Right Choice: Finding Your Perfect Gaming Chair
Now that we've explored some alternatives to Tfue's gaming chair, let's dive into the process of finding your perfect gaming chair. One important aspect to consider is the materials used in the construction of the chair. Gaming chairs are typically made with a combination of materials such as leather, mesh, and fabric. Each material has its own unique benefits and drawbacks, so it's crucial to choose one that suits your preferences and needs.
Once you've found your ideal gaming chair, it's essential to maintain it properly to ensure its longevity. Regular cleaning is necessary to keep the chair free from dust, dirt, and spills. Depending on the material, you may need to use specific cleaning agents or methods. Additionally, it's important to check and tighten any loose screws or bolts to maintain the chair's stability.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Much Does Tfue's Gaming Chair Cost?
The price of Tfue's gaming chair is comparable to other popular gaming chairs. There are alternative gaming chairs available that offer similar features and price range.
Can the Armrests of Tfue's Gaming Chair Be Adjusted?
Yes, the armrests of Tfue's gaming chair can be customized for ultimate comfort and support. Not only that, but this chair also comes equipped with additional features for ergonomic support and posture correction. It's a gamer's dream!
Does Tfue's Gaming Chair Come With a Warranty?
Yes, Tfue's gaming chair is comfortable for long gaming sessions. It provides excellent support and cushioning. Additionally, there are various additional features and accessories available, such as adjustable armrests and lumbar support.
What Is the Weight Capacity of Tfue's Gaming Chair?
The weight capacity of Tfue's gaming chair is not mentioned without the context of "What Gaming Chair Does Tfue Use." However, it would be informative to know the dimensions and if it comes with assembly instructions.
Does Tfue's Gaming Chair Come in Different Colors or Styles?
There are different models of gaming chairs used by professional gamers, offering a variety of colors and styles. Many people find gaming chairs worth the investment due to their comfort, ergonomic design, and enhanced gaming experience.
Conclusion
In conclusion, choosing the right gaming chair is crucial for an optimal gaming experience. Tfue's preferred gaming chair, the Secretlab Titan, offers a perfect blend of comfort, durability, and customization. It is interesting to note that according to a recent survey, 78% of gamers reported improved focus and performance after investing in a high-quality gaming chair. So, don't underestimate the impact a good gaming chair can have on your gaming sessions. Take the time to find the chair that suits your needs and elevate your gaming to the next | eng | f069114f-3c41-40bc-aaa2-bd8c6c6a055d | https://bestbuychair.com/what-gaming-chair-does-tfue-use/ |
A lack of sleep may trigger seizures in epilepsy
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that is characterized by recurring seizures. The exact cause of epilepsy is not always known, but it is thought to be related to abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
There is evidence to suggest that sleep can have an impact on epilepsy, and epilepsy can contribute to sleep problems.
Sleep deprivation may trigger seizures
For people with epilepsy, sleep deprivation has been linked to an increased risk of seizures. This may be because sleep deprivation can disrupt the normal functioning of the brain, leading to an increase in abnormal electrical activity that can trigger seizures.
It's important for people with epilepsy to get enough high-quality sleep to help manage their condition.
Sleep disorders linked to epilepsy
In addition, certain sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea, have also been linked to an increased risk of epilepsy. Sleep apnea is a condition in which a person's airways become blocked during sleep, interrupting their breathing. This can cause the brain to become oxygen-deprived, which may increase the risk of seizures.
Epilepsy may be linked to other sleep disorders as well. One study found that 43 percent of participants with epilepsy had clinically significant insomnia. In this sample, researchers found that insomnia was associated with poor short-term seizure control and worsened quality of life.
How epilepsy impacts sleep
While sleep problems may affect symptoms of epilepsy, epilepsy can also worsen the ability to get good sleep or worsen existing sleep disorders.
Nighttime seizures can lead to sleep disruptions or awakenings. In fact, the Epilepsy Society notes that, for some people, the effects of having a seizure may upset sleep patterns for several days.
Also, some drugs used to treat epilepsy may interfere with sleep. Some medications may make people sleepier or lead to problems falling or staying asleep.
Managing sleep and epilepsy
Getting adequate, high-quality sleep may help to reduce the frequency and severity of seizures in people with epilepsy. Follow these 14 tips to improve your sleep.
People with trouble sleeping should speak with a health care provider to identify the cause of their sleep problems. | eng | 2c541dcb-64a9-4f46-9f46-ca4777ac529b | https://sleepingpillreviews.com/2023/02/25/a-lack-of-sleep-may-trigger-seizures-in-epilepsy/ |
What to say in Introduce yourself in interview?
Before the interview Step forward and introduce yourself with your full name, interview time and job title of the role you're interviewing for. This can be quick and simple, such as, "Hi, my name is Sanjay Sharma. I'm here for a 12 p.m. job interview for the Program Manager role."
How do you justify salary expectations?
You can justify your expected salary in the following ways. State what you are expecting to get as an increase at your current company. Talk about the potential promotion you are forgoing in your current company (if that is in the horizon).
How do you describe your physical self?
Physical self or characteristics describe the features or features of the body. These are things that are visually evident, they know little else about the human. The first thing you see when you look at someone may be their face, dress, nose, or body. They are all examples of physical properties.
What is your desired salary are your salary requirements best answer for fresher?
Answer 1: As you know, I am a fresher and i don't have work related experience. Before beginning a salary discussion, I would like to know more and more about the company, also, what do you normally pay to the employees who join your organization as a fresher at the same position with the same education and skills.
How do you write a creative self introduction should I say when asked for salary requirements Offer a range. | eng | 0ad1b10e-f470-4247-9514-35d7ab86e38c | https://durrell2012.com/what-to-say-in-introduce-yourself-in-interview/ |
Peace
Eric Woolf
Sublime is the moment When the world is at peace And the limitless deep Lies bathed in the morning sun. -Hirohito (1901-1989) Untitled poem.
This is something we can all visualize. We've all had glimpses of what peace feels like. Imagine if everyone in the whole world could have that feeling all at the same time. Possible? As an optimist, I have to say yes. Peace is real, it is inherent in each one of us. And there are an infinite number of possibilities that could lead to world peace. One by one we are creating a world where peace comes naturally, and stays. -Lissa Coffey
Wisdom News | eng | 39d04c50-b309-4e7e-8405-036dcafea650 | https://www.coffeytalk.com/wisdom_news/peace-6/ |
Register a free account today to become a member! Once signed in, you'll be able to participate on this site by adding your own topics and posts, as well as connect with other members through your own private inbox!
Affiliation: Not currently affiliated with any current faction, nor is the system as a whole ruled by an individual power.
Accessibility: The Irvulix System is very much off the beaten path, separate and apart from the fact that, thanks to its position in a dense nebula, navigating to the system requires very careful calculations which most have historically concluded not to be worth the trouble.
Description: Nestled in a nebula in the Outer Rim, the Irvulix System is isolated even as far as Outer Rim systems go.
SYSTEM INFORMATION
Size: Large
Wealth: Poor - The system is isolated and does not participate in trade. Only one planet, Irvulix V, bears sentient life and most of its residents are poor peasants, unaware of advanced technology, spaceflight or the broader galaxy.
Major Imports: N/A
Major Exports: N/A
Unexploited Resources: According to the sole astrological survey conducted of the system, the Irvulix System has limited exploitable resources, so minimal as to make the system a very low priority for settlement, exploration, or mining.
Hyperlanes: N/A
SOCIAL INFORMATION
Population: Insignificant
System Traffic: Insignificant - Space travel in the system is exceedingly rare. The small ruling class on Irvulix V have limited access to space travel, and the peasantry are mostly ignorant of it, with extremely limited exceptions. Very occasional smuggling activity is present, mostly to smuggle Force-sensitive individuals off Irvulix V, but also to transport oligarchs off-world when necessary, or to bring luxury goods to the oligarchs.
Demographics: 100% Human
Native Species: Humans
Immigrated Species: N/A
SYSTEM FEATURES
Orbiting the sun of Irvulix Prime are seven planets, two of which are ostensibly hospitable: Irvulix V and Irvulix VI. Irvulix V is a rocky, all but barren world that suffered an ecological cataclysm more than two centuries ago, leaving it polluted and all but uninhabitable. Irvulix VI is a water world, with 95% of its surface area covered by a turbulent sea. Irvulix I, II, and III are close enough to the sun that their surfaces are baked and blasted by the sun, making them unable to support life. Irvulix IV is a gaseous planet without a stable surface for life. Irvulix VII, with its long and unstable orbit, is nearly devoid of atmosphere and vacillates between extreme hot and cold temperatures depending on its proximity to the system's sun. The only astrological survey taken of the system suggested that Irvulix VII was captured by Irvulix's gravitational pull relatively recently (in the cosmic scale) and will eventually pull free.
SECURITY None
HISTORICAL INFORMATION
The Irvulix System is a backwater of a backwater of a backwater. It was mapped, barely, by a single survey decades ago. The isolated system, poor in resources and laborious to reach due to its position in a dense nebula, was deemed to be of limited potential for colonization or exploitation for resources and thus, left alone. The only populated planet in the system is Irvulix V which, at the time of the survey, was underoing a catastrophic ecological disaster that prevented the survey's scanners from detecting signs of sentient civilization. Therefore, the system was presumed to be unoccupied, unvalued and, like countless other systems in the galaxy, largely ignored.
The civilization on Irvulix V is an oppressive feudal society, ruled by few oligarchs in the capital that keep the rest of society in poverty and ignorance. Since being discovered after the survey, the secret of space travel is a closely guarded secret among the oligarchy, though precious few peasants are also aware and able to communicate off-world, mainly to arrange smuggling of Force sensitive people to safey to avoid summary execution by the state. | eng | 13c386c5-f27b-442a-8fc7-9420240a31f7 | https://www.starwarsrp.net/threads/irvulix-system.174750/#post-2270552 |
How Many Calories Do You Burn Playing Pickleball?
Pickleball is a paddle sport that combines elements of badminton, tennis, and table tennis. It is played on a badminton-size court with a net similar to a tennis net, and the game is played with a paddle and a plastic ball similar to a Wiffle ball.
How Many Calories Do You Burn Playing Pickleball? Playing pickleball can be a great way to burn calories and get some exercise. For casual play, a person who weighs 150 pounds will burn approximately 250 calories in 30 minutes, while a person who weighs 200 pounds will burn approximately 335 calories in the same amount of time.
Pickleball is a great way to get exercise and have fun. It is a relatively low-impact sport that is accessible to the joints. And, because it is a paddle sport, it is also a great way to work on hand-eye coordination.
Of course, these numbers will vary depending on a person's metabolism and how vigorously they are playing. So, pickleball is a great option if you're looking to burn some calories and have fun!
How many calories do you burn in 90 minutes of pickleball?
A person who weighs 150 pounds may burn 500-700 calories in 90 minutes of pickleball, while a person who weighs 200 pounds may burn 700-1000 calories in the same amount of time. The intensity of play also affects the number of calories burned. If you are playing a very active game, you may burn more calories.
Pickleball is a sport that combines elements of tennis, badminton, and table tennis. It is played on a court with a net and paddles. The game can be played in singles or doubles. The number of calories you burn in 90 minutes of pickleball depends on a few factors, including your weight, intensity of play, and whether you are playing singles or doubles.
How much exercise do you get playing pickleball?
Exercise is essential for maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and pickleball is a great way to get some exercise. However, how much exercise you get playing pickleball depends on several factors, including how vigorously and long you play.
Generally speaking, you can expect to burn around 100 calories per hour of pickleball, so if you play for an hour, you can expect to burn a significant number of calories.
Pickleball is also a great way to socialize and meet new people, as it is a relatively easy sport to learn. Whether you're playing singles or doubles, pickleball is a great way to exercise and have fun.
Can I Lose Weight Playing Pickleball?
Yes, playing pickleball can help you lose weight if that is your goal. Pickleball is a great way to get some exercise, and if you are playing regularly, it can help you shed some pounds.
Of course, as with any weight loss plan, you will need to be mindful of what you are eating and make sure that you are getting enough exercise. But if you are looking to lose weight, pickleball is a great way to help you reach your goal.
Is Playing Pickleball Good Exercise?
Pickleball is a great form of exercise that provides an excellent aerobic workout while being easy on the joints and muscles. This makes it an ideal exercise for people of all ages and fitness levels.
The game of pickleball is played with a paddle and a plastic ball on a court similar to that of tennis. The game can be played in singles or doubles, and the object is to hit the ball over the net and onto the opponent's side of the court. The game is similar to tennis in that the players must keep the ball in play and cannot hit it more than once before it goes over the net.
Frequently Asked Question
Is pickleball considered cardio?
Pickleball is a sport that can provide a cardio workout. It is a racket sport played with a paddle and a ball. The game is similar to tennis, but it is played on a smaller court with a different scoring system.
Pickleball can be played as singles or doubles. The game is played with a net, like a game of tennis, and the game's object is to hit the ball over the net and into the opponent's court.
How often should I play pickleball?
The frequency you play pickleball depends on a few factors, such as your skill level, enjoyment of the game, and overall fitness level. If you're starting, you may want to play pickleball three times per week to improve your skills and get a feel for the game.
However, if you're more experienced, you may only need to play once or twice weekly. Ultimately, it's up to you to decide how often you want to play based on your preferences.
Is pickleball an old person sport?
Pickleball is one of those sports that has an older demographic. That is, at least, what people generally think. However, pickleball is quickly re-characterizing itself as a sport for all ages. This is mainly in part due to the increase in popularity of the sport.
Not only are more and more people playing pickleball, but they are also getting better at it. As a result, the competitive side of pickleball is growing.
What burns more calories tennis or pickleball?
Pickleball is a new sport that is growing in popularity. It is a cross between tennis and ping pong. It can be played indoors or outdoors. Some people think that pickleball burns more calories than tennis.
How Many Calories Do You Burn Playing Pickleball Conclusion
Playing pickleball can help you burn a significant number of calories. The number of calories you burn will depend on your weight, intensity level, and the amount of time you play. If you want to lose weight or stay in shape, playing pickleball is a great way to do it | eng | ca219c6d-d150-4dae-944a-2ae5c177ee2b | https://pickleballyard.com/how-many-calories-do-you-burn-playing-pickleball/ |
Community Emergency Preparedness: A Manual for Managers and Policy-Makers (WHO, 1999, 141 p.)
(introduction...)
Preface
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1 Introduction
Decision-making for emergency preparedness
What is emergency preparedness?
Community participation
Project management
Summary
References
Chapter 2 Policy development
Policy
Emergency preparedness policy
Issues in emergency management policy
Summary
Reference
Chapter 3 Vulnerability assessment
Introduction
The process of vulnerability assessment
The planning group
Hazard identification
Hazard description
Describing the community
Description of effects and vulnerability
Hazard prioritization
Recommending action
Summary
References
Chapter 4 Emergency planning
Introduction
An emergency planning process
Planning group review
Potential problem analysis
Resource analysis
Roles and responsibilities
Management structure
Strategies and systems
Content of community emergency plans
Summary
References
Chapter 5 Training and education
Introduction
A systematic approach to training
Public education
Summary
References
Chapter 6 Monitoring and evaluation
Introduction
Project management
Checklists
Exercises
Summary
Annexes
Annex 1 - Project management
Annex 2 - Hazard description tables
Annex 3 - Emergency preparedness checklists
Annex 4 - Personal protection in different types of emergencies
Selected WHO publications of related interest
Checklists
Checklists can be used to evaluate an existing emergency
preparedness programme or to assist in developing a new programme. Checklists
constitute a "closed set" in that they are not tools for developing
new ideas or strategies. They can, however, form a compendium of current
knowledge based on prior experience, and they are simple and easy to use.
Annex 3 contains a number of checklists for emergency
preparedness, as well as for response and recovery. These checklists are not
exhaustive, and can be added to as experience is gained or to suit the context
of a community's preparedness.1
1Further information on assessing health
sector emergency preparedness can be found in Guidelines for assessing
disaster preparedness in the health sector, Washington, DC, Pan American
Health Organization,
1995. | eng | 8abcfa88-2556-4999-a559-d596d1a4af31 | https://www.nzdl.org/cgi-bin/library?e=d-00000-00---off-0cdl--00-0----0-10-0---0---0direct-10---4-------0-0l--11-en-50---20-about---00-0-1-00-0-0-11----0-1-&cl=CL1.53&d=HASH01df6f15481327ec08cb6068.9.3&gc=1 |
Iowa Hawkeyes Logo History and Evolution Story of Iowa Hawkeyes
Iowa Hawkeyes Logo History
The college of Iowa has athletic groups in greater than 20 sports activities. The teams percentage the identical call – Iowa Hawkeyes – and the commonplace emblem.
Meaning of Iowa Hawkeyes Logo
one of the first exceptional logotypes appeared in 1953. The depiction of a walking hawk retaining a banner regarded over a
soccer. in the following version of the Iowa Hawkeyes brand, which changed into followed nine years later, the ball and the banner disappeared, even as the bird's face were given a one of a kind, more aggressive appearance.
both the trademarks noted above seemed without a doubt cartoonish, so finally in 1971 they had been changed by means of a extra "severe" emblem. right here, the golden hawk followed a noble look and big wings.
Symbol of Iowa Hawkeyes Logo
The cutting-edge Iowa Athletics number one emblem is known as the Tigerhawk. The aspect view of the bird's head is given in gold against the black background.
Emblem of Iowa Hawkeyes Logo
There icons called the Block "I" and the define Block "I". they may be utilized in all white, gold, and black variations.
Iowa Hawkeyes Logo's Font
in addition to the primary emblems, there's a hard and fast of wordmarks. The font may be ordinary or italic. Its exceptional feature is the uncommon "cut out" pieces.
Iowa Hawkeyes Logo's Color
Iowa Hawkeyes logo stocks its coloration palette with the university of Iowa itself. It includes two colorings, black and gold (PMS 116 C). | eng | 73cb5af1-31d1-4be6-90d2-7757af7db8c2 | https://geekdecade.com/iowa-hawkeyes-logo-history.html |
Why You Should Avoid Spending $2,000+ On A Shopify Course
The eCommerce growing trend has attracted lots of people claiming to be experts and offering courses on how to become an entrepreneur by yourself. You'll quickly find that $1,000 seems to be the base for their price, and most will charge you well above that sum.
Luckily, there are also courses priced at a few hundreds. While these might not come from people as famous as the more expensive products' authors, most will offer the same amount of content.
These come from people who don't have thousands set aside as leisure money to spend entirely on marketing. They also don't own expensive cars or live travelling constantly. In other words, these courses are from people who simply lack the resources from those overpricing their programs.
It's funny because the price is a common measure for quality; a $100 cellphone is rarely better than a $1,000 one. This isn't the case with eCommerce courses; chances are you can get more bang for your buck if you buy one for $200 than one for $2,000.
Most "gurus" will launch expensive courses using nothing but their own claims and success as support. The problem is that lots of people can simply rent an expensive car (or ask a friend to borrow theirs) and take pictures – some even show you empty revenue figures.
Some "experts" will offer screenshots of their Shopify dashboards showing $10,000 or more in a single day. They simply avoid telling you how much of that revenue is spent on advertising or how much they paid in taxes.
If they really were making $10,000 in pure profits every day, why would they spend their precious time releasing a course for less than that? Furthermore, why would they show others how to do the same and risk their niche?
Then, there's mentorship.
You'll see the most expensive courses offering peer-to-peer mentoring from the authors. The problem here is that they only have 24 hours per day; how would they fit you into their schedule or unlimited mentorship?
They must sleep at least 6 hours. Add a couple more for their meals, and then take into consideration all of the other students taking the course and ask for mentoring sessions (also unlimited). What are the chances they can satisfy all of their students with deep insight if they have to rush through dozens of request every day?
Even if they can mentor all of their students every day, why would they spend time on that instead of scaling their store and increasing their already-over-the-top income?
Then you have the courses simply rehashing content that's already available on YouTube and blogs for free. The more "ethical" gurus offering more detail than free content often simply redo other people's courses.
Trust me, you have no idea how many courses are nearly identical copies of other programs.
I've taken dozens of dropshipping courses: both while I was learning myself and then just to analyze and help other people find the best offers. The best course I found was eCom Elites: it's just $197-297, and it offers several times the amount of content and detail as other courses.
As I said, the most expensive courses tend to be the least valuable as well.
Hey, I am Joshua and I am the founder of eComBusinessHub! I created this blog to help you learn how to create a successful eCom business with dropshipping. You can check out our about us section to learn more about what our team and I do over at eComBusinessHub.
We are a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program (& other potential affiliate networks), an affiliate advertising program meant to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites. You can read our affiliate disclosure here. | eng | ceeaaf5e-e401-47ef-aae5-40c8ec2ab5e7 | https://ecombusinesshub.com/why-you-should-avoid-spending-2000-on-a-shopify-course/ |
Snippet Preview
IVF
In Vitro Fertilization is an Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) where a woman's eggs and man's sperm are combined in an advanced high-tech laboratory to create an embryo. In fact, the actual meaning of the word "In Vitro" is "Outside the body of living organism" therefore the entire fertilization process in an IVF procedure takes place outside the human body. When the egg combines with a sperm it starts to fertilize and develops into an embryo. Usually, on Day 5 of fertilization, the embryologists identify the best embryo which is then transferred into the female uterus. Of course, optimum laboratory environment and high-tech equipment are required to ensure healthy embryos develop and the desired pregnancy can be achieved.
This can be very subjective from patient to patient. Your experience with IVF could be totally different to even your best friend or your sibling. IVF is a personal journey and it can be like a rollercoaster therefore you must remain positive and keep your hopes high throughout the treatment. Read More
There are many factors that may determine your success with IVF Treatment. Age – IVF Success Factor Historic data suggests that age is one of the most important success factors when it comes to IVF. Read More
Louise J Brown was the first IVF Baby born on 25th July 1978 to lucky parents Lesley and John. Initially IVF was recommended only for women with blocked Fallopian tubes. However currently IVF is recommended for the following patients: Read More
One round of IVF treatment can be explained as an IVF 'cycle'. Typically the treatment would start with the 2nd day of your menstrual period. At ACIMC, depending on your fertility plan you may even start certain medications Read More | eng | 65775ecb-78bd-48c8-9888-167de9e9c2ec | https://australianconcept.com/xyz-ics-preview-page/ |
Secure Data Storage
There are two main strategies of safe info storage. They are external hard disks and solid-state drives. Exterior hard drives will be connected to one computer at this time and are generally wired, though some have cellular capabilities. Learn More The downside of external hard disks is the length of time they require to keep backups. Furthermore, they tend to assume near future CD-capable technology, which is not any longer a given in some equipment. Backups from these types of hard drives should be performed periodically to keep them up to date.
Protect data storage means ensuring that your data is safe from not authorized access. Within a recent statement, Artmotion rated 168 countries based on the safest info storage. They evaluated key elements and mixed the facts by different resources. The United Kingdom positioned 23rd, while the United States ranked 38th. The lowest amount of secure locations include Slovak republic, Bahrain, and Latvia. Despite the number of different elements involved, Swiss ranked as the most secure land for data storage. Additional countries that rank low are Singapore and Iceland. The most unsafe countries were Somalia and Afghanistan.
Besides the importance of protected data storage area, organizations need to make sure that the data is definitely not susceptible to hackers or perhaps human mistake. Because of these hazards, more companies are looking for safeguarded data storage solutions. Which means the companies of data storage space must ensure your data is secure. Nevertheless , some companies find it hard to choose a dependable info storage installer. Luckily, there are several options. You option is by using a managed service provider. These kinds of services handle data back up copies and can even be found online. | eng | 173c924b-1e3b-441c-a80a-8293252e8a03 | https://thecdpsonline.com/secure-data-storage/ |
Leave The Leaves
Leave the Leaves Campaign
Home
[Arl.] Local Efforts Towards Zero Carbon Homes, Nov. 3
Last Updated: 22 November 2021 | Published: 02 November 2021
Meet Arlington residents and business owners who have taken steps to making their homes emit less carbon dioxide. With ample time to ask questions of these experienced and knowledgeable neighbors, learn how they have switched their heating, cooling, and cooking systems away from fossil fuels through new installations and assistance from various local organizations. Hear firsthand how an electrified home can become carbon free and stop emitting greenhouse gases when combined with opting for up to 100% renewable electricity. In many cases, the efficient systems and insulation solutions improve home comfort, can save money and, most importantly, help slow climate change. | eng | c95e873c-0867-4a75-a8d1-c0f0bd07076d | https://sustainablearlington.org/69-news/485-arl-nov-3-local-efforts-towards-zero-carbon-homes |
Rain followed by intensely cold weather could hit parts of the US over the coming weeks as the El Nino weather pattern continues to strengthen.
MeteorThe pattern can impact weather conditions across the globe and in the US in particular it is associated with warmer weather across the north - while in southern states it is linked with much wetter and colder conditions. Jim Dale, US correspondent for British Weather Services, said: "The pattern of El Nino is already playing out this week, although it is early days, the heavy rain and stormy weather could be an early signal of the change in weather pattern."
He added that it, "may be linked to warmer ocean temperatures, certainly in the Gulf of Mexico where a sub-tropical storm appears to be forming quite late in the season." The weather expert warned that El Nino's pattern is certainly one to keep an eye on this winter.
According to Jim the south coast as well as Florida should expect further rain throughout the week. And if El Nino carries on as it is over the coming months then much colder weather and a risk of snow could be on the cards.
He said: "The cold may eventually come into the east quadrant of the United States during the second half of the season. Most at risk of this is likely to be New York, Maine and the Great Lakes."
The Greenland Block could play a part in whether or not snow falls heavily this winter (
Image:
The Weather Channel)
El Nino, however, is dependent on a high-pressure system - called the Greenland Block - to drive cold weather. Weather Channel meteorologist Danielle Banks said: "El Nino isn't the only thing that affects winter weather. One of those other things is an area of high pressure called the Greenland Block, which can push cold air into the central, southern and eastern US.
While northern areas of the US may be prone to higher temperatures during an El Nino winter, she said. But if it combines with the Greenland block then it could trigger the risk of 'snowmageddon'.
She said: "If you look back six years to 2009 to 2010, also during a strong El Nino, it turned out to be the coldest winter in the US so far this century. You might also remember it as snowmageddon in parts of the mid-Atlantic that saw record snowfall."
Elsewhere, AccuWeather announced its US winter forecast for the 2023-24 season and asserted that the Northeast should brace for a snowier season in the coming months. Experts even warned that this winter will be different than last year in various areas | eng | 6d8992ea-ae62-44f4-8626-419160ba22ca | https://www.themirror.com/news/us-news/snow-warning-america-braces-itself-199755 |
The numbers defining the agricultural landscape
Journalism, like baseball, aging and bridesmaids, is often about the numbers. Sometimes big numbers are good, other times small numbers are better. Either way, numbers usually define our work, our families, and our lives in more ways than we care to count.
And they can surprise us, too.
Attention grabbers
Like in early November when the International Food Policy Research Institute reported that as world markets sweated over a 2.9 mmt drop in Ukrainian wheat exports for the first six months of 2022, the North American drought already had sliced more than twice that amount, or 6.8 mmt, off global production.
Moreover, when you add up Ukrainian wheat, corn and barley exports for the 2022/23 marketing year through Nov. 8, the war-torn nation's exports are down 6.3 mmt compared to year-earlier data, reports Reuters. As grim as that sounds, it's still less than this year's drought-shortened losses in North America.
Another set of 2022/23 attention-grabbing numbers, published Nov. 7 by the farmdocDAILY consortium at the University of Illinois (UI), points to the staggering rise of commodity production in South America.
For example, write UI and Ohio State University market experts, "Brazil [alone] produces more soybeans than the U.S.;" "Argentina produces almost as many soybeans as the combined output of Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota and Indiana;" and the "rest of South America produces more soybeans than every state except Illinois and Iowa."
If ranked in the global soybean market, they add, "World shares … are 54% for South America, 37% for Brazil, 34% for the US, [and] 13% for Argentina …"
The key point, they add, is that "Understanding soybean production in South America is as important, maybe more important, for American farmers and agribusinesses than understanding soybean production in the US."
The southern hemisphere's newfound market muscle is also being flexed at the United Nations' annual Climate Change Conference, COP27, in Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt. Early in the global gathering, "Leaders from poor countries" used "their speeches … to demand wealthy governments and oil companies … pay up for damages being inflicted on their economies," noted Reuters Nov. 8.
Climate change conference
As aggressive as that sounds, it's really a deft sidestep around the dancing elephant at COP27: The meeting is being held in a desert resort city on the "southern tip of the Sinai Peninsula," explained the New York Times, "hundreds of miles from the hectic, overcrowded" — in other words, real world — "of Cairo."
And that's not the half of it; consider the jet fuel alone used by world leaders to offer their cures — on the overuse of jet fuel, for instance — as they drop in and buzz out of the air-conditioned conference.
Last year, figured the Daily Mail, Britain's largest circulation newspaper, U.S. President Joe Biden's trip to COP26 in Glasgow, Scotland — that required five aircraft and 85 cars — added 2.2 million pounds of carbon to the atmosphere, an amount equal to the annual carbon footprint of 140,000 Americans.
This year, Biden spoke at COP27, Nov. 11, his first stop of a fuel-gulping trip that continues on to Cambodia and Indonesia.
Which, at nearly 10,000 miles from the White House, is about as far away as any politician can get from Washington, D.C. a week after what's been one of the most bruising, offensive, and ugly election seasons Americans have ever witnessed.
And expensive. Indeed, this election has been obscenely, sinfully, and stupidly expensive.
According to the nonpartisan campaign-tracking opensecrets.org, preliminary spending records show that the two U.S. Senate candidates in Georgia, incumbent Raphael Warnock and challenger Herschel Walker, spent a combined $142 million on their race. Other estimates guess the seat may, in the final tally, cost a combined $250 million.
And it's not alone; the five most expensive Senate races each spent over $100 million. Collectively the five — Georgia, Pennsylvania, Florida, Arizona and Ohio — spent an incredible $626.8 million, calculates opensecrets.org.
Which, if nothing else, confirms what humorist Will Rogers said nearly a century ago: "We have the best Congress money can buy." | eng | 31280253-f974-4b83-8738-2064ff0b5d12 | https://www.farmanddairy.com/columns/the-numbers-defining-the-agricultural-landscape/745503.html |
18 Spiritual Wellness Activities
The path of spiritual wellness leads to a deeper connection with your inner self, a stronger sense of purpose, and a profound sense of spiritual fulfillment.
It's a sanctuary for those seeking solace and meaning amid the chaos. This journey lets you discover the beauty of living mindfully, nurturing your soul, and finding spiritual resonance in every moment.
C'mon, let's learn the different ways to embark on this transformative journey.
1. Do spiritual plantation
Cultivating spiritual plants deepens your connection with the natural world and fosters a sense of unity with the Earth and its energies.
Some spiritual plants are lavender, sage, rosemary, tulsi (Holy Basil), and aloe vera, but you can explore many other options.
When your plants are ready to be harvested, do so with gratitude and a sense of ceremony. You can use the harvested plant material in your spiritual practices, such as smudging, herbal teas, or essential oils.
2. Use crystals to increase positivity
Crystals are a part of the natural world. So, working with them can help you feel more connected to the earth and its energies and promote a sense of peace and positivity.
One of the most common ways to work with crystals is to meditate with them. Sit in a quiet, comfortable space, hold the crystal in your hand, and focus on your intention. Let the crystal's energy help you connect with your inner self and promote positive emotions.
You can also carry a small crystal in your pocket or wear it as jewelry to keep its energy close to you throughout the day.
Alternatively, you can place crystals on your desk at work or in your bedroom to infuse the space with positive energy.
3. Restrict negative media from your feed
Avoiding negative content and media helps clear your mind of clutter and distraction, allowing you to focus on your spiritual practices and self-reflection.
Establish clear boundaries for when and how you engage with the media. Determine specific times and limits for media consumption.
Unfollow or unsubscribe from social media accounts, news outlets, or content sources consistently that provide negative or distressing information.
Curate your social media and news feeds to include more positive and inspiring content. Follow accounts that promote well-being, personal growth, and spiritual awareness.
4. Experiment with art therapy
Art therapy provides a non-verbal means of self-expression. It lets you communicate your emotions, thoughts, and spiritual experiences that are difficult to express with words.
Don't worry about creating something that looks a particular way. It's about expressing your inner world. After you complete your artwork, take time for self-reflection.
5. Meditate for 5 minutes daily
Practicing mindfulness meditation for just 5 minutes a day can have a significant impact on your spiritual wellness, emotional well-being, and overall quality of life.
Set a timer for 5 minutes so you can fully immerse yourself in the practice without constantly checking the time.
As thoughts, sensations, or distractions arise, acknowledge them without judgment and gently guide your focus back to your breath.
6. Use smudging for space cleanness
Smudging involves the burning of herbs or plant materials, often sage or Palo Santo, to purify and cleanse a space of negative energy.
You will need a smudging tool, such as a bundle of sage, Palo Santo wood, or another herb or resin-like frankincense or myrrh. You'll also need a heatproof container like an abalone shell or ceramic dish.
Starting at the entry point of your living space, walk through each room, waving the smudge around clockwise and focusing on corners, doorways, and areas with stagnant energy. Imagine the smoke purifying the space.
7. Spend time with animals
If you have pets, try to deepen your bond with them through quality time spent together, petting, playing, and even meditation or relaxation with your animals.
Spend time in natural settings like parks, forests, or by the water, where you're more likely to encounter animals in their natural habitats. Take time to observe and appreciate the wildlife around you.
Set up bird feeders or baths in your yard or balcony to attract and nourish local bird populations. Observing and caring for birds can be a rewarding and spiritually uplifting practice.
Visit or volunteer at animal sanctuaries, rescues, or shelters. Spending time with rescued animals can be a heartwarming and enlightening experience.
8. Dance to release stuck energy
Movement and dance have been used for centuries in various cultures to release emotional blockages and connect with one's inner self.
Begin to move your body in a way that feels natural to you. There are no right or wrong moves; the key is to express yourself authentically. Allow your body to respond to the music and your emotions. Let go of any judgments or self-criticism.
9. Connect with nature
Seek out a natural environment like a beach, a park, a forest, or a backyard where you can easily come into contact with the Earth's surface.
The most common way to ground yourself is by walking barefoot on the Earth. Whether sand, grass, soil, or natural stone, take off your shoes and socks and walk slowly and mindfully.
If walking barefoot is not an option, you can sit or lie on the ground.
It is believed that grounding helps balance the body's energy and promotes overall well-being, both physically and spiritually.
10. Make your uplifting music playlist
Uplifting music can elevate your mood and bring positivity into your life. Select songs that resonate with your intention and make you feel uplifted and positive. These can be songs with meaningful lyrics, soothing melodies, or energizing rhythms.
When you listen to your playlist, do so mindfully. Pay attention to the music, its rhythms, lyrics, and how it makes you feel.
Update your playlist periodically to keep it fresh and aligned with your current intentions and emotional needs.
11. Soak in salt baths
Pour Epsom salts or your chosen bath salts into the bathwater. Typically, a few cups of Epsom salts are sufficient for an average-sized bathtub, but you can adjust the amount based on your preference.
As you soak in the bath, imagine the saltwater cleansing your energy, removing negativity, and restoring balance.
12. Follow the cacao ritual
Cacao is often associated with opening the heart and facilitating emotional release. It allows you to connect with your emotions and inner self.
Purchase high-quality ceremonial-grade cacao. Ensure it's pure cacao without additives, such as sugar or milk. You can find ceremonial cacao from specialized suppliers or online retailers.
Hold your cacao cup with reverence and take your first sip mindfully. Feel the warmth and the presence of the cacao. Sip slowly and savor the flavor.
13. Make a meditation altar or sacred space
A dedicated space helps you focus on meditation, prayer, or spiritual practice without distractions.
Choose a quiet and undisturbed area in your home or outdoors to create your meditation altar or sacred space.
It can be a small corner of a room, a garden, a balcony, or a space that feels appropriate to you.
Before setting up your altar or sacred space, clean and clear the area. Once you remove clutter, you'll ensure it feels fresh and inviting.
Keep objects that hold personal meaning for you and resonate with your spiritual beliefs. Common items include candles, incense, crystals, statues or images of deities, inspirational books, prayer beads, and flowers.
14. Practice oracle or tarot self-readings
Oracle and tarot cards can provide valuable guidance and support when facing life's challenges or seeking direction.
They can be therapeutic tools for processing emotions, healing past wounds, and finding closure.
These readings can clarify complex or confusing situations, allowing you to see your path more clearly.
15. Explore different spiritual teas with herbs
Many herbs used in spiritual teas have calming properties. They promote relaxation and reduce stress and anxiety.
Ensure that the herbs you use are of high quality, whether you buy them dried from a reputable source or harvest them yourself.
Prepare your herbal tea using your chosen herbs. You can make herbal infusions in tea bags or use loose herbs in a tea ball or infuser.
16. Practice spiritual chanting
Chanting can be a form of mindfulness meditation, enhancing your focus, concentration, and presence in the moment.
Start chanting your mantra or prayer at a pace that feels comfortable for you. Repeat it consistently, either silently or aloud.
Feel the emotions and vibrations associated with the mantra. Let them resonate within you and create a sense of peace and connection.
17. Make a gratitude list
Select an appealing journal or notebook and dedicate it to your gratitude lists. Reflect on the things you're grateful for and write them down.
Be specific, and express your appreciation for both small and significant blessings. It could be the people in your life, experiences, nature, or even everyday items.
Make it a habit to write gratitude lists regularly. You can do this daily, weekly, or as frequently as you like.
18. Utilize aromatherapy with uplifting scents
Aromatherapy with uplifting scents can reduce stress and anxiety, promoting relaxation and inner peace. Select the scent or combination of scents that align with your intention.
Use the uplifting scent as a focal point for meditation or mindfulness practice. Inhale the scent slowly, focusing on your breath and the sensation of the aroma.
A word from TheMindFool
Remember that spiritual wellness is not about perfection but the willingness to explore, learn, and grow. The practices discussed here are tools to help you navigate this path, and they can be adapted to suit your unique needs and beliefs.
Integrating these practices, you may experience a sense of clarity, a deeper connection with your inner self, and a newfound purpose.
With each breath, each moment of presence, and each step you take on your spiritual journey, you are not just transforming yourself. You are also contributing to a more harmonious and compassionate world.
Embrace the beauty of each practice and let it become a sacred ritual in your daily life.
May your spiritual wellness flourish, and you find a sense of deep contentment, purpose, and enlightenment in all you do | eng | 3d1048b6-cc38-407b-90d8-fbe758a0c68b | https://themindfool.com/spiritual-wellness-activities/ |
How Do Horoscopes Work?
A horoscope is a map of the heavens, based on the position of astronomical bodies. It describes a person's personality, predicts their future, and gives them advice.
Horoscopes are based on the sun, moon, and planets. They also take into account aspects or relative angles between the two. These aspects include conjunctions, oppositions, squares, sextiles, and trines.
The horoscope is a map of the heavens
Horoscopes have been around since ancient times, and many people turn to them for answers to their questions or guidance on how to make the most of their lives. The horoscope has come a long way from the days when it was just a vague explanation for a lot of natural phenomena, but it still holds plenty of appeal to people both skeptics and believers alike.
The horoscope is a map of the heavens that shows where the Sun, Moon and other planets are at a specific point in time. These planetary positions are usually drawn as an Earth-centered (or geocentric) map, but some astrologers also draw Sun-centered maps.
In addition to describing the position of the Sun, Moon and other planets, the horoscope also contains other important aspects. These astrological aspects describe how the Sun, Moon and other planets interact with each other in your birth chart.
These astrological aspects are called the zodiac signs and are determined by the position of the Sun at your time of birth. Each sign corresponds to a particular constellation in the sky, and these constellations are sometimes known as houses.
Each house in your horoscope represents a different aspect of your personality, and these aspects will change over time as you grow. These aspects will affect how you see the world, your relationships and your career.
As an example, a person born under the zodiac sign Leo is likely to have an adventurous and positive outlook on life. They also tend to be generous and devoted to others.
A person who is born under the zodiac sign Gemini, on the other hand, will have an analytical and intellectual approach to life. They are also very quick to pick up new skills and hobbies.
Another relationship horoscope is the synastry chart, which is used to compare the natal charts of two individuals and determine their love connections. This can be very helpful for couples who want to know more about one another's strengths and weaknesses in a relationship.
Astrology is a complicated science that is not without flaws, but it does have its uses and can provide useful insight into a person's future. If you are interested in reading a horoscope, it is a good idea to find a reputable astrologer or horoscope website that has a good reputation.
It is based on astrology
Horoscopes are based on astrology, a field that studies celestial bodies and their influence on human behavior. In the past, astrology was a widely accepted discipline in many parts of Eurasia. It is an ancient practice that probably started as early as the 3rd millennium BCE and is believed to be one of the oldest ways of predicting events.
Astrology is a discipline that involves closely monitoring and observing the positions of the stars, planets, and other celestial bodies to understand human behavior and predict events. It is a form of divination that has roots in Mesopotamia, China, Egypt, and Greece.
In the United States, horoscopes are printed in nearly every newspaper or magazine. They are widely used by people of all ages and walks of life. They are a popular way to pass time and to keep up with the news.
The horoscope, also known as an astrological chart or birth chart, is a map of the heavens that shows the positions of the sun, moon, and other planets at a specific time and place. It is typically drawn as an Earth-centered (geocentric) map, although some astrologers draw heliocentric maps to more accurately reflect the movements of the planets.
A horoscope is a tool that allows astrologers to make predictions about the future of an individual. These predictions can be made based on the zodiac sign or other factors, such as the lunar nodes and fixed stars.
Horoscopes can be a useful tool in the understanding of a person's personality and character traits. However, they are not a reliable predictor of a person's future.
Some horoscopes may be useful for identifying patterns in a person's behavior, such as whether or not a person is short-tempered. Other horoscopes can help someone to recognize when they are about to face a challenge or danger in their life.
In addition, horoscopes can be a valuable tool in the study of love relationships and compatibility. It is a common practice for astrologers to create a composite horoscope that is used to predict the relationship of two individuals.
It is based on the sun sign
When a person is born, their sun sign determines their basic personality, life path and goals. It is also the first impression they project to others, explains Cafe Astrology. This is why many people depend on their sun sign horoscopes when they need to figure out how they will react in certain situations.
The horoscope is an astrological chart that shows the positions of the Sun, Moon and other planets at the time of a person's birth. It is usually drawn as an Earth-centered map, which means that the planetary positions are viewed from the place of the person's birth (i.e., not from a heliocentric vantage point), although some astrologers draw Sun-centered maps as well.
According to astrologers, your zodiac sign reflects the qualities and characteristics that are most representative of your unique temperament and personality. It reveals your inner self, the id you show to other people and how you express yourself in everyday situations.
Each astrological sign is represented by a symbol whose shape represents the corresponding constellation. The 12 astrological signs of the zodiac — Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, and Pisces — occupy about 30 degrees of the great circle that represents the apparent annual path of the sun through the astronomical constellations.
While a horoscope may give an accurate glimpse of how a person will feel and act, it does not have any scientific merit. In fact, it has been shown that people tend to bias their perceptions of information based on their expectations. This phenomenon is known as the placebo effect.
Horoscopes are most commonly published in newspapers and magazines. They are a popular form of astrology that many people believe in, even those who do not.
In astrology, the sun is believed to have a magnetic influence on individuals. Therefore, people who are born under a particular sun sign are expected to have a strong, positive impact on their lives.
Your sun sign is the first thing an astrologer will look at in determining your zodiac sign. A person with a Sun sign that is ruled by the planet Mars will be aggressive, energetic and determined. A person with a Sun sign that ruled by the planet Mercury will be communicative and able to easily convey their feelings and thoughts.
It is based on the moon sign
Horoscopes are based on the position of the moon in a particular sign at the time of your birth. This is a more accurate way of determining your astrological chart than using your sun sign alone, which is based on the ecliptic path that the sun takes through all twelve signs of the zodiac.
The horoscope is a map of the heavens at the time of your birth that shows where the sun, moon, and planets were situated in the zodiac. It is usually drawn as an Earth-centered (or, geocentric) map, meaning it focuses on the planetary positions as they would be seen from the point of your birth.
In addition, a horoscope may also be drawn as a Sun-centered (or, heliocentric) map. The difference between these two maps is that a geocentric horoscope will focus on you and your life, while a heliocentric horoscope will take into account the positions of the planets as they move through the celestial plane in space.
Your horoscope is made up of 12 sectors that surround the circle of the ecliptic, starting from the eastern horizon with your ascendant or rising sign. There are many systems of calculating these divisions, but the most commonly used ones involve tables of houses.
Each of the twelve zodiac signs carries a distinct set of characteristics and influences that affect your personality, emotionality, and inner wiring. These influencing factors help you make sense of the world around you and how you feel about it.
Unlike your sun sign, which is largely about the external aspects of your personality, your moon sign describes your unconscious and instinctive reactions. It explains your emotional side and what kind of experiences you crave in order to be emotionally satisfied.
For example, those born under the Moon sign of Aquarius tend to be humanitarians who are willing to put others' needs above their own. They are not overly emotional, and they often respond more to a value system than they do an emotion.
They are also more likely to be able to detach themselves from the emotional drama that can sometimes arise in relationships, which helps them be more objective than emotional. | eng | adfb9b16-4df6-46c7-967b-e4e6b5e93bd6 | https://thehelpfulpsychic.com/2023/04/04/how-do-horoscopes-work/ |
Are you a content creator looking for a platform that values your hard work and pays you for your creativity?
What is WeSharez?
WeSharez.com is an innovative video-sharing platform that fosters creativity, knowledge sharing, and community engagement. Whether you're a vlogger, educator, entertainer, or expert in your field, WeSharez provides a space to showcase your talent and connect with a like-minded audience.
CPM-Based Monetization: WeSharez.com distinguishes itself by offering content creators a CPM-based monetization model. CPM, or Cost Per Mille, is a widely recognized metric that represents the payment per thousand ad impressions. This means that for every thousand times an ad is displayed on your videos, you earn revenue.
Getting Started with Monetization: To start monetizing your content on WeSharez, follow these simple steps:
Sign up and Create Your Account: Visit WeSharez.com and sign up for an account. It's free and takes just a few minutes. Fill in your details, including a username, email address, and password.
Upload Your Quality Content: Once you've created your account, start uploading your videos to WeSharez. Remember to create engaging and high-quality content that resonates with your target audience. The better the content, the higher the engagement and earning potential.
Set Up Monetization Settings: To unlock the revenue potential of your videos, navigate to your account settings and locate the Monetization section. Fill in the required details to verify your account. WeSharez takes this step to ensure a secure and trustworthy environment for both creators and advertisers.
Start Earning Revenue: After completing the verification process, you're ready to start earning revenue from your videos. As your content attracts views and ad impressions, WeSharez will calculate your earnings based on the CPM rates and provide you with regular payouts. | eng | e08034a1-6cbf-4182-ba2d-acea23256f5b | https://wesharez.com/articles/read/unlock-your-earnings-potential-join-wesharez-and-get-paid-for-your-content_5.html |
Does every girl masturbate?
Some women do. Some don't even understand why someone would do it. To them masturbation is pointless.
However,
Almost every guy does masturbate, and those that say they don't, are lying.
(Old joke)
Actually
Guys produce sperm constantly. The sperm has to "leave the building" so to speak, so if the guy doesn't do it through sex or masturbation, nature will do it during the night with a wet dream - called Nocturnal Emissions (great name for a rock band, by the way).
no
and every makle doesnt masterbate either
while a fair majority of the population do it, not everyone does
somepeople dont do it for religiouse reasons, other people have no intrest at all in masterbation or sex, some didnt think of trying it or dont want to, ect
there are many reasons who both males and females either choose to not masterbate or choose when they want to start
Answer #3
No.
Nor does every guy
Some people say they dont when they do, because they dont want to admit it, some genuinely have never masturbated. | eng | 9672ad05-a544-45b5-b4cb-e8c95a748ba6 | https://www.funadvice.com/q/does_every_girl_masturbate |
When looking out at a crowd of students, whether it be during passing period or during lunch, a variety of different styles can be observed. There are several students who have altered their bodies as | eng | 9cab3ba7-0404-4da1-a2a2-23d0fc13893e | http://theoracle.glenbrook225.org/tag/tattoos/ |
STOP TRYING TO MANAGE YOUR TIME. START CRAFTING IT.
This guide gives you the simplest and fastest way to start crafting your time.
There are so many task management applications you could add to your workflow in order to get a better handle on what you need, and want, to get done. In my experience, people that get into the task management space for the first time tend to dive in rather than test the waters first. That's why they'll spend money on something like OmniFocus or Things and abandon them because they seem to complicated or they'll sign up for something like Asana or Evernote thinking that it can handle task management in a manner that is easy to set up and make happen (spoiler alert: it isn't that easy).
Now I'm not knocking these apps. It's just that for the uninitiated — and there are even more of those at the beginning of the year — they appear to unwieldy at first glance. I'm not suggesting you don't try them, but be prepared for a learning curve that can vary in steepness. If you want to spend more time working with your stuff and less time working on learning the tools, then you'll probably want to start with something a little less daunting.
Here's what you should look for in a task management app if you are adopting one for the first time.
Simplicity. Ideally you want something wth as small a learning curve as possible. Simplicity is subjective, so what is simple to you might not be so simple to another. An easy-to-use user interface and simple to grasp user experience is ideal.
Scalability. More importantly, and often overlooked, is the app's ability to scale. You want one that can grow with you and your needs, meaning that things like adding contexts to tasks, creating projects, and features of that nature should be "baked in" where possible or the app should be allow you to add them yourself in less conventional ways. For example, putting a colon or dash after a task an adding a context is something you can do that will add value to the task – and the app in the process. At the very best, the app should be able to stand the test of time. At the very least, the app should prepare you for the move to an app that's more layered in the future.
There are many apps out there, but not many will be very effective for beginners in terms of hitting both simplicity and scaleability. And because the landscape of apps changes to rapidly and regularly, it's tough to keep up with them all. (I'll leave that to Francesco and the Keep Productive team.)
The idea that a whole suite of productivity apps is on the horizon and the beauty and simple interface of Any.do makes it an app that covers both requirements of a beginner's task management app: simplicity and scaleability. That makes it worth looking at for the budding productivityist. (Web-based, iPhone, Android, Chrome Web Store)
No matter which way you go (digital or paper-based) or what platform you use (Mac, Windows, Android, iOS), the important thing is to use a task management app of some sort…and for many of you there's no better time to start doing that than when a new calendar year begins.1 | eng | 42fad9af-c917-4c5a-852f-a4c2feb00784 | https://productivityist.com/how-to-choose-your-first-task-management-application/ |
Study on the Wintering Water Birds of Guilan, Mazandaran andGolestan, and Ranking the Wetland Areas Based on the Bird Criteria
Abstract
Every year a large number of migratory wintering water birds, rest in the wetlands situated in the Northern provinces of Iran. The wetlands are very important ecosystems for these creatures. Due to ecological importance of water birds, the results of this study (the birds' populations and their changes) are helpful to monitor them and are especially important to manage the wetlands. In this study, 38 wetlands consist of the Caspian coast along all the 3 provinces, 17 wetlands in Gilan, 7 in Mazandaran and 13 in Golestan have been studied. According to the results of the water bird censuses, in the mid-winters of 2000 to 2004 (5 years), which have been utilized in this study, totally a mean number of almost 1507000 water birds (115 species) have annually wintered in the wetlands. According to these censuses, the populations mainly consist of geese, swans and ducks (52%) and rails, gallinules and coots (32%). The most abundant species were common coot (mean pop. of 479835); common teal (mean pop. of 254658) and mallard (mean pop. of 133187) respectively. Mazandaran has shown the highest mean populations and the top number of species during these 5 years. The largest number of water birds was recorded in Mazandaran with the minimum species' diversity in 2004. In the same year, the highest number of species belongs to Gilan. Golestan has got the highest species' diversity. Among the wetland areas, Gomishan and Anzali wetlands have the highest score of water bird criteria (23 points). | eng | 3cbb2975-b086-40aa-a2e1-e0a4e08acd03 | https://jes.ut.ac.ir/article_27102.html?lang=en |
Month: September 2018
There are many arguments for increasing taxes on the rich. It's interesting and noteworthy when the rich themselves argue for higher taxes on themselves and others like them. Warren Buffet, one of the richest men on the planet and an investor without peers, has been stating since 2011 that he pays a lower income tax rate than his secretary and that this isn't fair. [1]
Other wealthy individuals also argue that the rich should pay more. First, there's Douglas Durst, a billionaire New York City real estate magnate, who recently stated that he supports "higher taxes on people like me." He noted that the US "has more of a revenue problem than a spending problem." His father, also a real estate man, created the National Debt Clock (that displays the federal government's overall debt) and put it on a building he owned near Times Square in New York in 1989. Durst, the son, maintains it today as the US government's debt is growing by almost $1 trillion per year. Republicans, who campaigned on balancing the budget, have increased the annual deficit to this level (and even higher in the future) by cutting taxes and increasing spending. The US hasn't had this high a debt level in comparison to the size of the overall economy (i.e., Gross Domestic Product [GDP]) since World War II.
Durst is baffled that President Trump and the Republicans in Congress would give a tax cut to wealthy people like him. "We're mortgaging our children's future. … The tax cut was an overall step in the wrong direction. Nobody who has any background in economics thought the tax bill was a good idea." [2]
Over the last 40 years, President Clinton is the only President who has balanced the federal budget and reduced the overall debt.
Second, there's Nick Hanauer, a billionaire, venture capitalist, and serial entrepreneur, who recorded a 6-minute TED Talk in 2012 and this summer wrote an article in The American Prospect magazine, both of which argue that taxes on the rich should be increased. [3] He argues that "taxing the rich is the only plan that would increase investment, boost productivity, grow the economy, and create more and better jobs." He states (correctly) that there is no observable evidence or plausible economic mechanism to support the claim that cutting taxes for the rich will spur economic growth. This did not happen when President Reagan cut taxes on the rich; it did not happen when President G. W. Bush did it. However, when President Clinton raised taxes on the rich, the economy boomed and the federal government balanced the budget. President Trump and the Republicans cut taxes on the rich in December 2017 and the economy has not boomed; it has continued its slow growth that began under President Obama. Furthermore, well over 90% of the benefits of current economic growth are going to the wealthy.
In Kansas in 2012, Governor Brownback and Republicans in the state legislature dramatically cut taxes on the rich, promising unprecedented economic growth. The reality has been that Kansas's economy has under-performed neighboring states and the country. Because of the loss of state revenue, spending on schools (and everything else) has been cut dramatically and the state's courts stepped in and ordered the state to spend more on K-12 education. The legislators have now overridden a gubernatorial veto and reversed some of the tax cuts.
Many (if not all) credible studies of the interaction between tax rates for the wealthy and economic outcomes show either that 1) increasing taxes on the rich increases economic growth and other indicators of economic success and well-being or 2) there is no link between top tax rates and the economic benefits the proponents of tax cuts and trickle-down economics claim.
In the 1950s, the top tax rate was 91% – and the economy was booming. It was 70% in 1980 when President Reagan took office and he cut it to 50%. The 2017 tax cut cut the top rate to 37%! As Hanauer states in his TED Talk, if cutting tax rates on the rich led to economic growth and job creation, our economy would be exploding and everyone would have great jobs given that today's top rate is only 37%.
Finally, Hanauer notes (accurately) that consumer spending is what drive the US economy; it accounts for 70% of GDP. Current levels of inequality mean that rich people (and corporations) literally have more money than they know what to do with. With income and wealthy that is over 1,000 times that of the average American, they can't buy 1,000 houses, or 1,000 times as many cars, clothes, and food items.
Therefore, putting more money in the hands of the middle class, workers, and low-income people will boost the economy because they will spend it in the local economy. They will also invest some of the money in human capital development, i.e., education and training, for themselves and their children. These investments in human capital are key to spurring future growth and success for our economy.
Hanauer states that anything governments spend money on will pump more money into our economy that what the rich do with their excessive amounts of money. Low wages and high levels of inequality cause slow growth. Therefore, increasing inequality by cutting taxes on the rich will not spur economic growth. A 2014 report from the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) concluded that growing economic inequality in the US had reduced its economic growth by 9% over the previous 20 years.
In conclusion, we need to reduce economic inequality in the US as a matter of fairness and to live up to our ideals of equal opportunity and that all people are created equal. We also need to reduce inequalityto spur economic growth today and in the future.
To reduce economic inequality, we need to increase taxes on the rich and invest the revenue in good jobs (e.g., rebuilding our infrastructure), in human capital (e.g., education and training from birth and throughout careers), and in a safety net (e.g., unemployment insurance and guaranteed healthcare) to support people who fall on hard times.
These steps will allow the United States to live up to its ideals and principles of equal opportunity, will boost our economy, and will contribute to creating a fairer, more just society that supports all children and families.
The United States has very low rates of participation in our "democracy," which is perhaps most dramatically evident in our very low voter turnout. In our last presidential election – a very visible and hotly contested race – only a bit over one-half (roughly 56%) of those eligible voted. In the upcoming 2018 elections for Congress and state offices, it is likely that only a bit over one-third of those eligible will vote.
This low voter participation is not healthy for a democracy and is inconsistent with our democratic ideals and principles of government of, by, and for the people. Worldwide, most other democracies have higher voter participation; Belgium leads among the 34 advanced democracies at 87% with the US's 56% in 27th place. [1]
Our voting system, with most voting procedures determined by the states, does little to encourage voter participation. For example, voting on Tuesdays, a work day, has never been convenient for working people. Moving election day to a weekend or making it a holiday would make voting more convenient and almost certainly increase participation. The voter registration rules set by the states have historically set deadlines to register to vote well before election day and required residents to appear in a government office to register, neither of which encourages voting.
In the 2016 presidential election, voter participation varied among the states from 74% in Minnesota and 71% in New Hampshire and Maine, to 42% in Hawaii and 50% in West Virginia. [2] Some states have encouraged voter participation by allowing early and expanded absentee voting, as well as same-day registration.
Many states are putting hurdles in front of potential voters rather than encouraging participation. In most cases, these efforts to restrict or discourage voting have political motivations, usually to reduce voting by groups that tend to vote for Democrats. Some states have reduced early or absentee voting. Some have reduced the number of voting locations, making it more difficult for some voters to get to the polls or resulting in waiting lines to vote, sometimes waits of over an hour.
Thirteen states have imposed more restrictive identification requirements for voting since 2010, typically requiring voters to produce a government-issued ID. It is estimated that 21 million eligible voters do not have a such an ID. So, in the states that require them, voting becomes much more difficult, requiring these potential voters to obtain a government ID in advance of the election. This and other policies that suppress voting are profoundly anti-democratic and have no valid, non-political rationale. [3]
Four states have laws that prohibit Americans who have been convicted of a felony crime from ever voting, even after they have completed their sentences. It is estimated that over 6 million Americans cannot vote because of this felony disenfranchisement.
In general, people who are better-off economically, have more education, and are older are more likely to vote and those who are low-income, young, and non-white are less likely to vote. For example, 41% of registered voters over 70 vote regularly while only 1% of those between 18 and 29 vote regularly.
Research has found that voters and non-voters support different economic policies. Not surprisingly, given their demographics, non-voters are more supportive of policies that promote economic equality and provide a safety net for those experiencing economic hardship. [4] Therefore, getting significant numbers of non-voters to vote would likely change election results and policies.
Some eligible voters don't vote because they feel that their vote doesn't matter. Gerrymandering of district boundaries means that indeed some voters don't matter because the district they live in is overwhelming tilted to a party or ideology that they don't support. In primary elections, some states require that you be registered in a party to vote in that party's election. This means that the large number of voters who are independent or unenrolled in a party have no say in deciding which Democrat or Republican will appear on the ballot for the final election.
Some eligible voters feel, with good reason, that our electoral and political systems are rigged in favor of large corporations and employers, as well as the wealthy individuals who are typically the executives or investors in those corporations. Because our election campaigns are almost exclusively funded by wealthy individuals and corporations, and backed up with lobbying and the revolving door of personnel moving between corporations and positions in government, these alienated voters see no difference between the two political parties and feel their voices are inevitably drowned out at the ballot box and in policy debates.
Some analysts make the case that the lack of participation in our democracy and voting reflects not just a loss of faith in government and the efficacy of participation, but also a loss of experience with civic activity more broadly. A decline in volunteer participation in civic organizations and groups in the US has been documented since the 1960s. One study found that from 1994 to 2004 memberships in civic organizations and groups fell by 21%. This trend is likely accelerating. A 2010 census survey found that only 11% of respondents had served on a committee or as an officer of any group or organization in the previous year. Voluntary participation in churches, clubs, fraternal organizations, and labor unions, for example, provide individuals with experience with self-governance, democratic decision making, and participation in civic life focused on building community and working together for a greater good. As participation in local civic life has withered, the orientation to and understanding of the importance of participating in our democratic political process has declined as well. [5]
Higher voter participation would produce elected representatives that more accurately reflect the priorities of the public and, if participation were consistently high, would result in less partisanship and more stable policies. Currently, the Republicans in particular, but the Democrats too, are focused on low turnout elections where they pander to their hardcore supporters, known as their "base." Therefore, their candidates and those who get elected tend to be focused on appealing to this small group of supporters who often have relatively extreme views. Higher voter participation would require the parties and their candidates to work to appeal to a broader set of voters. This would make a big difference in election results.
I encourage you to ask candidates and elected officials what they are doing to increase voter participation. This is a core issue that we must address if our democracy is to live up to its promise and potential. | eng | 0f1022e7-b8a0-4f5a-ac6a-96ba8e2010a7 | https://lippittpolicyandpolitics.org/2018/09/ |
65 Unknown Facts About Jesus Christ
Facts About Jesus Christ - Jesus, also referred to as Jesus of Nazareth or Jesus Christ, was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious leader. He is the central figure of Christianity, the world's largest religion. Most Christians believe he is the Son of God, whose coming as the Messiah was prophesied in the Hebrew Bible (called the Old Testament in Christianity) and chronicled in the New Testament.
Today in this post we are going to share Facts about Jesus Christ. Please share this post with your friends. I hope you like this post.
Unknown Facts About Jesus Christ
The word "crucifixion" literally means "fixed to a cross."
It took Jesus six hours to die after he was hung on the cross.
"Christ" is a title that comes from a Greek word meaning "Anointed One."
After Jesus' death, his brother James became a leader of the Jerusalem church.
While hanging on the cross, Jesus told his disciples to take care of Mary, his mother.
Some of Jesus' critics in the Bible accuse him of drinking too much wine (Matthew Chapter 11, verse 19).
The Sanhedrin arrested and tried Jesus Christ. Pontius Pilate sentenced him to be scourged and crucified.
Jesus worked as a carpenter from ages 12 to 30, which means for 18 years, Jesus was akin to a day laborer.
The Shroud of Turin is the best-known relic of Jesus and one of the most studied objects in human history.
Byzantine artists tended to reimagine Christ as a young version of Zeus, to show His place as a cosmic King.
Torture in Christ's day was meant to psychologically destroy someone before they died from any physical wounds.
The Roman orator Cicero noted that of all the punishments, "crucifixion is the most cruel and most terrifying."
Because Jesus was a Jew, he almost certainly had Jewish features, such as olive skin, brown eyes, and black hair.
Jesus had at least four brothers and two sisters. It is still highly debated whether Jesus married and had children.
After Jesus was hung on the cross, Roman soldiers divided Jesus' clothes among themselves and cast lots for his robe.
Before Jesus died, he said, "I am thirsty." In response, he was offered wine mixed with myrrh or gall to drink. He refused it.
While most scholars agree that Christ's crucifixion is an indisputable fact, they disagree about the reasons and context for it.
The path that Jesus took to his crucifixion is called the "Via Dolorosa," which is Latin for "Way of Grief" or "Way of Suffering."
Scholars believe Jesus was about 5 feet, 5 inches (1.7 meters) tall, which is about the average height for an adult male at the time.
Nearly all scholars agree that Jesus Christ existed. They don't agree on how well the Jesus in the Bible accurately reflects Jesus as a historical figure.
While experts continue to debate whether three or four nails were used in Jesus' execution, today, at least 30 nails are venerated as holy throughout Europe.
Most Jews believe that Jesus Christ was not the Messiah and did not fulfill Messianic prophecy. They also do not believe that Christ was resurrected or divine.
Some scholars note that Jesus did not want to die. In the Garden of Gethsemane, he says, "Remove this cup from me" and, "My soul is sorrowful even unto death."
During his life, Jesus was considered to be a radical because he talked to women, spent time with sinners, and allowed his followers to pick grain on the Sabbath.
According to many scholars, Jesus' father, Joseph, died by the time Jesus started his ministry. This is perhaps why Jesus is often referred to as Jesus, the son of Mary.
Even though Pilate argued that he did not find Jesus guilty and allowed the Jews to choose to save Jesus, they choose to save a murderer called Barabbas and to crucify Jesus.
Because the Romans felt like it was too gruesome to crucify someone in town, they made people carry their own cross to the outskirts of town, which, in Christ's case, was to Golgotha.
During the time of Christ, most Jews used only one name, which could be followed either by the phrase "son of . . . " or the person's hometown, which is why Jesus is often referred to as Jesus of Nazereth.
The halo that often adorns Christ's and other saints' heads in works of art was originally a feature of the sun god (Apollo or Sol Invictus). It was appropriated for images of Christ to show his heavenly power.
At the time of Jesus' birth, the town of Nazareth only had about 200–400 people. In the New Testament, the town is a literally joke, as seen in the Bible when someone says, "Can anything good come out of Nazareth?"
Jesus probably did not have long hair, even during his ministry when he would have had a more "natural" look. Jewish men who had long hair were most likely to have taken a Nazarite vow, which Jesus probably did not.
Jesus was not an only child. He actually had siblings. It might be hard to imagine what it was like to be Jesus' little brother or sister, but Mary and Joseph would go on to have other children after His miraculous birth.
Even Jesus needed "alone time." The Gospels frequently mention that Jesus needed to withdraw from the crowds. One cave where he spent some time is called the Eremos Cave, from which the word "desolate" and "hermit" derive.
According to the gospels of Mark and John, Jesus appeared first to Mary Magdalene after his resurrection. She was involved in his ministry from the beginning to his death, and she is mentioned more times than most of the apostles.
In Islam, Jesus, or Isa, is considered an important prophet and a Messiah. Islam also holds that Jesus was born of a virgin, but that he was not the Son of God. Most Muslims believe that God brought Jesus to heaven and that he wasn't actually crucified.
Jesus started His ministry later in life, around the age of 30 years. Some of us might expect Him to have started his ministry when He was born, but He actually went through normal experiences growing up as a baby, small child, teenager, and young adult.
Scholars note that there were two solar eclipses around the time of Jesus' death: one in 29 AD, and one in 33 AD. The Christian Gospels state that the skies darkened after the crucifixion, which suggests that his death coincided with one of these eclipses.
Jesus struggled when faced with death. We all know Jesus came to sacrifice His life for us, but we forget He was a human who struggled, just like you and me. Upon facing His death in the Garden of Gethsemane, Jesus was anxious and prayed that God would take this suffering from Him if possible.
Jesus got angry. He even turned over tables in the temple. He did not appreciate people that were taking advantage of others in His Father's house. It might be surprising that Jesus showed His anger, but it is refreshing to know He gets angry over issues such as injustice, just like you and me.
Jesus had humble beginnings. Born into a carpenter's family, Jesus came from a poor, day-laborer home. This means Jesus would have known what it was like to live in poverty and have hunger and need. Although Jesus is the Son of God, He decided to come to earth as an ordinary guy, just like you and me.
Jesus wasn't white. Although we have a lot of paintings in our museums that paint Jesus as a tall, white, Scandinavian guy with a beard, Jesus was actually of Jewish descent and would have been a guy with dark skin and shaggy dark hair. Therefore, his appearance looked drastically different than what we often imagine.
Women helped fund Jesus' ministry. Jesus had incredible respect for women and even helped a woman who was about to be stoned to death. Not only did Jesus show us how to treat women, but women actually helped fund His ministry. In Luke 8, he talks about women who followed Jesus and His disciples and supported them through their own means.
At the age of 12 years, Jesus went missing while traveling with His family. Jesus and His family had traveled to Jerusalem for Passover. After the festival ended, the family packed up and left Jerusalem, except for one family member who stayed behind, Jesus. And it took His family an entire day to realize He went missing! After searching for a few days, they found Him teaching in the temple. It must have been a little scary to lose the Son of God!
Jesus came to Earth for more than to die on the cross for our sins. He came to experience life as a human so that He can empathize with us. He experienced heartache, rejection, deception, loss, sickness, and death, just like us. God wanted His Son, Jesus, to experience all the heartache of this world, so when we pray, it's not just to the Creator but to the God who understands our pain firsthand. We pray to the God who really hears our prayers, sees our hearts, and feels our pain.
Jesus had more issues with church leaders than the people in the community. During Jesus' ministry, He extended grace and love to ordinary people, even "sinners." And He had some harsh words for the religious leaders of His time. He didn't like the way they treated the people He loved. It shows us that no matter how many followers or how much power and influence we have, it is important to lead others well because He cares more about how we treat others than how well we keep a set of rules.
Friends, hope you liked this post on Unknown Facts About Jesus Christ. If you liked this post, then you must share it with your friends and Subscribe to us to get updates from our blog. Friends, If you liked our site FactsCrush.Com, then you should Bookmark it as well. | eng | d8b9704a-e790-4d64-b9b0-c19565a50864 | https://www.factscrush.com/2022/07/facts-about-jesus-christ.html |
Mesopotamia (from the Greek, meaning 'between two rivers') was an ancient region located in the eastern Mediterranean bounded in the northeast by the Zagros Mountains and in the southeast by the Arabian Plateau, corresponding to today's Iraq, mostly, but also parts of modern-day Iran, Syria, and Turkey. The 'two rivers' of the name referred to the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers and the land was known as 'Al-Jazirah' (the island) by the Arabs referencing what Egyptologist J.H. Breasted would later call the Fertile Crescent, where Mesopotamian civilization began.
The Cradle of Civilization
Unlike the more unified civilizations of Egypt or Greece, Mesopotamia was a collection of varied cultures whose only real bonds were their script, their gods, and their attitude toward women. The social customs, laws, and even language of Akkad, for example, cannot be assumed to correspond to those of Babylon; it does seem, however, that the rights of women, the importance of literacy, and the pantheon of the gods were indeed shared throughout the region (though the gods had different names in various regions and periods). As a result of this, Mesopotamia should be more properly understood as a region that produced multiple empires and civilizations rather than any single civilization. Even so, Mesopotamia is known as the "cradle of civilization" primarily because of two developments that occurred there, in the region of Sumer, in the 4th Millenium BCE:
Rise of the city as we recognize that entity today.
Invention of writing
The invention of the wheel is also credited to the Mesopotamians and, in 1922 CE
Domestication of animals, agriculture, common tools, sophisticated weaponry and warfare, the chariot, wine, beer, demarcation of time into hours, minutes, and seconds, religious rites, the sail (sailboats), and irrigation. Orientalist Samuel Noah Kramer, in fact, has listed 39 `firsts' in human civilization that originated in Sumer.
Archaeological excavations starting in the 1840s CE have revealed human settlements dating to 10,000 BCE in Mesopotamia that indicate that the fertile conditions of the land between two rivers allowed an ancient hunter-gatherer people to settle in the land, domesticate animals, and turn their attention to agriculture. Trade soon followed, and with prosperity came urbanization and the birth of the city. It is generally thought that writing was invented due to trade, out of the necessity for long-distance communication, and for keeping more careful track of accounts.
The beginning of the world, they believed, was a victory by the gods over the forces of chaos but, even though the gods had won, this did not mean chaos could not come again. Through daily rituals, attention to the deities, proper funeral practices, and simple civic duty, the people of Mesopotamia felt they helped maintain balance in the world and kept the forces of chaos and destruction at bay. Along with expectations that one would honor one's elders and treat people with respect, the citizens of the land were also to honor the gods through the jobs they performed every day.
A Helpful Video About Mesapotamia
History of Mesopotamia
The history of the region and the development of the civilizations which flourished there is most easily understood by dividing it into periods:
Pre-Pottery Neolithic Age
Also known as The Stone Age (c. 10,000 BCE though evidence suggests human habitation much earlier). There is archaeological confirmation of crude settlements and early signs of warfare between tribes, most likely over fertile land for crops and fields for grazing livestock. Animal husbandry was increasingly practiced during this time with a shift from a hunter-gatherer culture to an agrarian one.
Pottery Neolithic Age (c. 7,000 BCE)
In this period there was widespread use of tools and clay pots and a specific culture begins to emerge in the Fertile Crescent. Scholar Stephen Bertman writes, "during this era, the only advanced technology was literally 'cutting edge'" as stone tools and weapons became more sophisticated. Bertman further notes that "the Neolithic economy was primarily based on food production through farming and animal husbandry" and was more settled, as opposed to the Stone Age in which communities were more mobile. Architectural advancements naturally followed in the wake of permanent settlements as did developments in the manufacture of ceramics and stone tools.
Copper Age (5,900 – 3,200 BCE)
Also known as The Chalcolithic Period owing to the transition from stone tools and weapons to ones made of copper. This era includes the so-called Ubaid Period (c. 5900-4300 BCE, named for Tell al-`Ubaid, the location in Iraq where the greatest number of artifacts were found) during which the first temples in Mesopotamia were built and unwalled villages developed from sporadic settlements of single dwellings. These villages then gave rise to the urbanization process and cities began to appear in this period, most notably in the region of Sumer in which thrived the cities of Eridu, Uruk, Ur, Kish, Nuzi, Lagash, Nippur, and Ngirsu, and in Elam with its city of Susa.
This period saw the invention of the wheel (c. 3500 BCE) and writing (c. 3000 BCE), both by the Sumerians, the establishment of kingships to replace priestly rule, and the first war in the world recorded between the kingdoms of Sumer and Elam (3200 BCE) with Sumer as the victor.
During this period, bronze supplanted copper as the material from which tools and weapons were made. The rise of the city-state laid the foundation for economic and political stability which would eventually lead to the rise of the Akkadian Empire (2350 BCE) and the rapid growth of the cities of Akkad and Mari, two of the most prosperous urban centers of the time. The cultural stability necessary for the creation of art in the region resulted in more intricate designs in architecture and sculpture, as well as the following inventions or improvements.
Middle Bronze Age (2119-1700 BCE)
The expansion of the Assyrian Kingdoms (Assur, Nimrud, Sharrukin, Dur, and Nineveh) and the rise of the Babylonian Dynasty (centered in Babylon and Chaldea) created an atmosphere conducive to trade and, with it, increased warfare. The Guti Tribe, fierce nomads who succeeded in toppling the Akkadian Empire, dominated the politics of Mesopotamia until they were defeated by the allied forces of the kings of Sumer.
Late Bronze Age (1700-1100 BCE)
The rise of the Kassite Dynasty (a tribe who came from the Zagros Mountains in the north and are thought to have originated in modern-day Iran) leads to a shift in power and an expansion of culture and learning after the Kassites conquered Babylon. The collapse of the Bronze Age followed the discovery of how to mine ore and make use of iron, a technology which the Kassites and, earlier, the Hittites made singular use of in warfare.
Iron Age (1000 – 500 BCE)
This age saw the rise and expansion of the Neo-Assyrian Empire under Tiglath-Pileser III (r. 745-727 BCE) and that Empire's meteoric rise to power and conquest under the rule of great Assyrian kings such as Sargon II (722-705 BCE), Sennacherib (705-681 BCE), Esarhaddon (681-669 BCE) and Ashurbanipal (c. 668-627 BCE, who conquered Babylonia, Syria, Israel, and Egypt). The Empire suffered a decline as rapid as its rise due to repeated attacks on central cities by Babylonians, Medes, and Scythians.
Classical Antiquity (500 BCE – 7th century CE)
After Cyrus II (d. 530 BCE) took Babylon, the bulk of Mesopotamia became part of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, and this period saw a rapid cultural decline in the region, most notably in the loss of the knowledge of cuneiform script. The conquest of the Persians by Alexander the Great in 331 BCE brought Hellenization of the culture and religion but, even though Alexander tried to again make Babylon a city of consequence, its days of glory were now in the past. | eng | 80e876a8-64e0-4d27-9243-915666d7fb45 | https://rashidfaridi.com/2019/08/31/mesopotamia-cradle-of-civilisation-some-history/ |
Monitoring and Data Analysis
Tracking and Analytics in Affiliate Marketing
In the world of affiliate marketing, knowledge is power. The ability to track and analyze performance data is what sets successful affiliates apart. Let's dive into the essential aspects of tracking and analytics, including setting up tracking tools and affiliate links, monitoring affiliate performance and earnings, analyzing key metrics, and leveraging affiliate marketing dashboards and reporting tools to optimize your strategies.
By mastering tracking and analytics in affiliate marketing, you'll gain a deeper understanding of your campaign's performance. This knowledge will empower you to make informed decisions, optimize your strategies, and maximize your earnings. These insights are your roadmap to continued success in the dynamic world of affiliate marketing. | eng | 6b9062be-fa7a-49d5-b286-97342505bd0d | https://www.affiliatemarketingskill.com/analytics |
Despite an extensive royal commission, scores of criminal trials and excellent books such as Louise Milligan's Cardinal and David Marr's The Prince, there are still some unanswered questions about child sexual abuse in the now-tattered narrative of the Catholic church in Australia.
These include: why did these priests do such horrible things? How did they justify their crimes to themselves and to God? What kind of conversations may they have had with, say, their archbishop or monsignor, once they were rumbled by a parent or teacher or victim?
Accounts from the paedophiles themselves that may go some way towards answering those questions are also missing from this narrative. Perhaps this is because paedophiles do not want to talk due to shame or due to the media's preference for – in some cases – giving victims airtime and denying a platform to abusers. And then there's us, the audience. Do we really want to hear from them?
There are arguments for listening to perpetrators explain themselves. You can better understand the crime if you understand the criminal. And the Catholic church has for a long time been so opaque on matters of sexual abuse that any interview, no matter how painful to watch, is illuminating | eng | 08cb988d-15c4-476e-96d8-fde3495aaf1a | https://www.in-films.com/post/review-you-ll-need-a-strong-stomach-to-digest-revelation-s-insights-into-child-sexual-abuse |
Agile, DevOps, and CI/CD have all helped teams to move faster. But speed alone is not enough. Complex platform architectures make each release more risky and harder to test.
Test & Learn: The Guide to Experimentation and Progressive Delivery takes highlights from our Test & Learn 2020 virtual event, sharing how leading teams at Github, HelloFresh, and Calendly use progressive delivery and experimentation to reduce uncertainty, make data-driven decisions, and deliver the features to drive retention and revenue.
Why feature flagging and experimentation are the next evolution in software delivery
What product teams do to test, learn, and adapt in production
Why engineering teams use feature flags to accelerate development safely | eng | 0f50fffc-1865-49a4-8689-4052c7dfd5d4 | https://www.optimizely.com/insights/test-and-learn-2020/?utm_campaign=perri-blog-value-t&l-smarter-stack |
Smart Strategies for Tax Minimization
The Importance of Tax Minimization
As individuals and businesses, one of our top priorities is effectively managing our finances. A crucial aspect of financial management is tax planning and minimization. Paying taxes is a legal obligation, but understanding and utilizing the various strategies available can help reduce the tax burden and optimize financial resources.
Maximizing Deductions and Credits
One of the foundational pillars of tax minimization is maximizing deductions and credits. Deductions are expenses that can be subtracted from your taxable income, significantly reducing the amount on which you are taxed. Common deductions include mortgage interest, state and local taxes, medical expenses, and charitable contributions. For a well-rounded understanding of the topic, don't miss the recommended external resource. You'll find plenty of extra information and a fresh perspective. Find additional insights here, enrich your learning experience!
Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs): Contributions to traditional IRAs are tax-deductible, reducing your taxable income for the year. Roth IRAs, on the other hand, offer tax-free withdrawals in retirement.
Health Savings Accounts (HSAs): HSAs are available to those with high-deductible health insurance plans and provide tax advantages for medical expenses.
Managing Capital Gains and Losses
Capital gains are the profits made from selling an asset such as stocks, bonds, or real estate. One effective strategy for tax minimization is strategically managing capital gains and losses. By strategically timing the sale of assets, you can control the tax impact on your overall income.
If you have investments that have declined in value, you can sell those assets to generate capital losses that can offset your capital gains, reducing your tax liability. Similarly, you can time the sale of assets with gains in years when your overall income is lower, potentially reducing the tax rate applied to those gains.
Investing in Tax-Advantaged Businesses
Investing in tax-advantaged businesses can also offer opportunities for tax minimization. The government often provides tax incentives for investing in certain industries or activities that contribute to economic growth and development. These incentives can take the form of tax credits, deductions, or even deferral of taxes.
Some examples of tax-advantaged investments include investments in renewable energy sources, real estate developments in designated Opportunity Zones, and investments in small businesses through programs like the Small Business Investment Company (SBIC) program. By investing in these tax-advantaged businesses, you can not only support economic growth but also potentially benefit from reduced tax liabilities.
Consulting with Tax Professionals
While there are numerous strategies available for tax minimization, it's essential to recognize that tax laws and regulations are complex and constantly evolving. To ensure that you are utilizing the most effective strategies for your specific situation, consulting with tax professionals is highly advisable.
Tax professionals have the expertise and up-to-date knowledge of tax laws to provide guidance on the best approaches for tax minimization. They can help you navigate the intricacies of deductions, credits, and account structures, ensuring that you are maximizing your tax savings while remaining compliant with all legal requirements.
Ultimately, tax minimization is an important aspect of financial management. By utilizing strategies such as maximizing deductions and credits, utilizing tax-advantaged accounts, managing capital gains and losses, investing in tax-advantaged businesses, and consulting with tax professionals, individuals and businesses can optimize their financial resources, minimize tax liabilities, and pave the way for a more prosperous future. Access this external resource we've prepared for you and find supplementary information about the topic covered. Expand your knowledge and explore new perspectives, high net worth estate planning. | eng | 2d35f38b-9a65-4849-ba3f-ebe52ccf450a | https://caobrabo.com/smart-strategies-for-tax-minimization/ |
Recycling of Papers
Every ton of recycled paper saves about 17 trees. Recycling paper reduces methane and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Paper makes up about 28% of solid trash in landfills and one ton of paper takes up about 3.3 cubic yards of landfill space. Paper & Cardboard saves space in landfills for trash that cannot be recycled and saving space in landfills reduces the need to build more landfills.
For our environment to stay healthy, we need to promote sustainable practices within our societies. Paper-based packages have a far smaller impact on our environment than plastic packaging does, and this is important for keeping our environment in a healthy state. | eng | 56fd8e6a-1ec1-45ce-a163-dbe2a92b8926 | https://wraplus.in/recycling-of-papers/ |
When people talk about virality, what they generally mean is whether a game spreads by word of mouth or not. However in recent years virality has taken on two different and often contradictory meaningsIt's somewhat fashionable to label any number in a game a currency. In practise, however, it gets a little confusing.
Anyone can grasp the idea that in-game gold is a currency, but what about your character's health or experience points? Advocates might say that the player is trading health for damage or progress during the course of the game. But to most people that's pretty tenuous.
I prefer to think of currency as one type of resource instead. This is a post about different types of resources that you could use in your game (including currency) and some guidelines on how to use them well. | eng | b75a1163-1877-4c72-aae1-1650d3811f88 | https://www.whatgamesare.com/2011/11/index.html |
Angel Little Sister 152
By the way, during breakfast, Luck thanked me for the potions again and again while Jack, who seemed to have seen D-grade potions for the first time, kept smelling them for some reason.
It's odorless, so he wouldn't smell anything though.
When we were about to leave the dining hall, I saw Weikel and his companions going down the stairs. It looked like they just woke up.
I'm kinda worried but I hope they will successfully complete their mission.
Leaving the inn, we were heading to Bian's house. However, we decided to wander around the town first since we still have a lot of time until noon.
「Whoaa! Look, there's a stall selling food I've never seen!」(Nicola)
Nicola pointed at a stall selling fried food as she found it.
Certainly, I've never seen that kind of fried food in Fatia Town.
Inside the stall, there was an old man with a towel wrapped around his head, throwing pieces of meat dressed in oil into a large frying pan.
The delicious smell that drifted from the frying pan stimulated my appetite even though I wasn't hungry.
As far as I can tell from the stall banner, it seems like they use Giant Rockworm meat.
Just like Tentacles meat in the Secard Village, it looks like Giant Rockworm meat is the specialty food ingredient in this town.
「Hee~ It smells good, but since we just ate breakfast, I'll go buy just one and we can share it together.」(Celine)
After saying that, Celine approached the stall and ordered one portion of fried Rockworm meat, but the old man gave her extra pieces while smiling at her with a blushed face. Looks like he was charmed by Celine's beauty.
Celine returned and handed Nicola the fried Rockworm meat that was wrapped with a large leaf of a certain plant.
Inside the wrapper, there was a wooden skewer. It looks like you need to use it to stab the pieces of fried meat and put them into your mouth one by one.
There are so many pieces of fried meat because the old man gave us extra, so it's more than enough for the four of us who are not very hungry.
「It's hot so eat carefully, okay?」(Celine)
Celine said to be careful, but Nicola immediately stabbed one piece of the fried meat and put it in her mouth. It seemed like she was so eager to try it that she didn't even listen to Celine.
『It's HOOOOTT! It's freaking HOOOOOT!』(Nicola)
『Yup. That's why you should listen to people.』(Mark)
After shouting with telepathy, she turned to me while sticking out her bright red tongue.
「Honii-chan… Hwater, pwease…」(Nicola)
「Hahh…」(Mark)
I sighed, took out an empty cup from my Item Box, and filled it with water using magic.
Nicola then immediately drank it. While she was drinking I healed her mouth with recovery magic for a bit.
「Nicola-chan, are you okay?」(Celine)
Nicola nodded to Celine with teary eyes.
「Looks like it's hotter than I thought. It's better to cool it down a little before eating it. Nicola-chan, can I borrow the skewer?」(Celine)
Celine took the skewer from Nicola, stabbed a piece of fried meat with it, and for some reason, she turned to me and smiled.
「Fuuー fuuー …Fuuー fuuー …Mark, Aa~~~nn…」(Celine)
She then started blowing on the hot fried meat and stuck it out toward my mouth. | eng | ba6542e8-0eb4-4b63-9a5f-44087d955c53 | https://translation.craneanime.xyz/angel-little-sister-152/ |
Forks in Cryptocurrencies: Exploring Why and How what the concept of a fork is, why there has been an increase in cryptocurrency forks, and what the benefits of these forks are for traders and industry professionals. We'll look at the different types of forks, as well as how forks affect the prices of coins. Finally, we'll explain how a fork might be beneficial and risky for a coin's stakeholders.
1. What is a Fork in Cryptocurrency?
A fork in cryptocurrency is a form of an upgrade or improvement to the platform or code of a particular blockchain network. This can mean multiple things – adding new features, improving functions or changing rules. When a blockchain undergoes a fork, users of the blockchain are now faced with two different versions of the network or chain.
Types of Forks:
A Hard Fork:
Hard forks are drastic changes in the code of a blockchain, which splits the chain into two versions, with the new version incompatible with the old version. Hard forks are often used to add upgrades to a blockchain, such as adding new features for smart contracts.
A Soft Fork:
Unlike a hard fork, a soft fork is usually backward compatible. That means users on the original blockchain can continue to use the network as usual, or transition to the new version of the network, with any changes being minor.
A Contentious Fork:
A contentious fork is a dramatic change in the blockchain's code. It's usually seen when there is a conflict between the development team or community of the blockchain in question. In this case, a contentious fork could result in two separate chains, with users forced to choose which version of the chain to remain on.
When a fork occurs, it can result in a lot of confusion and debate within the community, as well as disagreements between users. It's not always clear which version of the blockchain is the correct one, and it's up to the users to decide which version they want to remain on. In order to avoid a split in the chain, it's important for the community to reach a consensus on the version of the chain they want to use.
2. Why Do Forks Occur in Cryptocurrencies?
Forks in cryptocurrencies are a divisive subject, and many users who are unfamiliar with the concept often ask why they occur. In simple terms, a fork is essentially a change in the code of a blockchain, which creates a split into two separate blockchains depending on which version of the blockchain is supported by nodes.
The most common reasons for forks are as follows:
Changes in the Protocol: Developers can decide to create a new version of the blockchain in order to improve the existing technology or to introduce new features.
Changes in Subsidy: A majority of cryptocurrencies are designed with a built-in subsidy schedule to incentivize users to make transactions and reward miners and validators. To ensure that the subsidy stays fair and balanced, developers can choose to create a fork.
Changes in Network Management: Changes in the network hashes, the size of blocks, or other rules can lead to off-chain forks in order to solve specific network issues.
Communities of miners and investors are in favor of forks because they can help mitigate potential network vulnerabilities and add new features to existing protocols. On the other hand, not everyone is pleased with the idea of forks, as they can have an impact on the economics of the original currency and could even lead to its devaluation.
The network effects created by forks are enormous, as they can lead to strong shifts in the supply and demand of cryptocurrencies, and ultimately affect the total market capitalization. Moreover, forks can be either hard or soft, and the way these two types of forks are implemented can significantly alter the environment in which the crypto asset trades.
3. Different Types of Cryptocurrency Forks
Hard Forks: A hard fork is a radical change to a blockchain network's protocol, which makes previously valid blocks invalid and therefore requires all nodes or users of the network to upgrade to the new version of the protocol software. It is the most drastic type of fork. Bitcoin Cash and Ethereum Classic are two examples of hard forks.
Soft Forks: A soft fork is a backward-compatible protocol upgrade, meaning that nodes running the old version of the software can still accept the new blocks generated by the upgraded nodes. It is a less drastic change to a network. Bitcoin Improvement Proposal (BIP) 66 and SegWit are two examples of soft forks.
Incompatible Forks: An incompatible fork is a change in the protocol that is not backward-compatible, meaning that nodes running the old version of the software will not accept blocks generated by the upgraded nodes. A good example of an incompatible fork is the Ethereum hard fork in 2016.
User Activated Forks (UAF): Users activated forks (UAF) are forks that are initiated by the users of the blockchain network, rather than the developers. UAFs are used as a way to allow users to make changes to the protocol without the developers' involvement. Monero's Fork in 2018 is a good example of a UAF.
Developer Activated Forks (DAF): A developer-activated fork (DAF) is a fork that is initiated by the developers of the blockchain network. These forks are typically used to upgrade the protocol or to make changes to the codebase. Litecoin's hard fork in 2018 is an example of a DAF.
4. The Potential Impact of Forks in Cryptocurrency
Forks are an important part of the cryptocurrency landscape that can have serious implications for its transactions, value, and even development. As cryptocurrencies grow in popularity, it's important to understand how forking works and what its potential impacts could be.
Forks occur when the people behind a blockchain decide to make changes to the underlying code with an intention to benefit from the change. Forks can be a considerable source of disruption to the blockchain, as the new codebase can be incompatible with existing platforms and users will need to migrate to the new one. In some instances, a hard fork may occur where the blockchain is completely split. A split-blockchain also means its users are no longer able to transact with forks of the same cryptocurrency.
The possibility for disruption as a result of forks has led some developers to favor soft forks, which aim to bring in beneficial changes without fully splitting the blockchain. Soft forks include those of Bitcoin and Ethereum, with SegWit and Byzantium respectively. These soft forks allowed the corresponding cryptocurrencies to introduce new features without the need for users to migrate.
In some cases, soft forks can prove just as disruptive as a hard fork. One example of this is the User Activated Soft Fork (UASF) of Bitcoin in 2017, where users rallied around their own proposed version of Bitcoin, against the wishes of the core developers. This created significant tension within the community and reflected the divergent views of different participants.
The potential impact of forks within the cryptocurrency landscape is significant. Forks can bring new features and benefit to users, but they can also create tension in the cryptocurrency community, disrupting the smooth flow of transactions and potentially disrupting its value. Forks can also be substantial source of uncertainty and confusion for inexperienced users, so it is important to understand them thoroughly before investing.
Forks occur when the people behind a blockchain decide to make changes to the underlying code.
Forks can be a considerable source of disruption, as the new codebase can be incompatible with existing platforms.
Soft forks are one way of introducing desirable changes without full splitting of the blockchain, such as the SegWit and Byzantium forks of Bitcoin and Ethereum respectively.
5. The Benefits of Cryptocurrency Forks
What is a Fork?
A fork in cryptocurrencies is a change in a blockchain's set of rules that allows the creation of two different diverging blockchains. This means that the transactions on both the original blockchain, before the fork, and the forked blockchain are conducted and recorded separately. As a result, new coins are created for the forked blockchain.
Why do Forks Happen?
A cryptocurrency fork can happen for a variety of reasons, such as a wider upgrade to the blockchain tech, an attempt to fix security flaws, or to resolve scalability issues with the network. However, these forks can also be simply used as a way to increase the supply of a cryptocurrency, essentially creating new coins for the forked blockchain. This type of 'soft fork' has become very popular recently as many cryptocurrency holders are looking to actively create new coins.
There are several potential advantages of cryptocurrency forks to investors. Firstly, by creating new coins for the forked blockchain, it can increase the overall market capitalization for the strange coin. This can lead to an appreciation in the price of the coin as more people buy the currency.
Secondly, the new forked chain also can open up a new range of trading opportunities for investors. By forking off the original chain, you can invest in both the original blockchain as well as the forked blockchain. This increases the chances of making a larger profit, as there is more potential for returns from both the existing and the forked blockchain.
Thirdly, forks can also lead to the development of new technologies and features. Forks can act as a catalyst for the development of new features and technologies for the original chain, as developers look to create improved versions of the currency.
Lastly, forks can also benefit cryptocurrency holders as they can have the opportunity to get a free "airdrop" of coins from the forked blockchain. By participating in these airdrops, users can get free coins from the forked blockchain which they can then use to buy and sell.
Overall, cryptocurrency forks can be an interesting tool for investors and cryptocurrency holders alike. While there are potential risks, the benefits can be significant and can lead to an increased payoff for those who participate.
6. How Forks Affect Existing Cryptocurrencies
Forks, in the context of cryptocurrencies, can be very intimidating. This is because they can drastically change a cryptocurrency, potentially affecting how users interact with them, miners, developers, and other stakeholders in its network. That said, it is important to understand , and what kind of impact they can have. Here are some topics to consider when it comes to forks in cryptocurrencies:
What is a Fork? – A fork is a divergence in the code of a blockchain network that creates two branches of the blockchain. This allows for changes to be made to the chain without affecting the original version.
Hard Forks and Soft Forks – Hard forks are much more drastic than soft forks, as they can divide existing chain into two completely new chains.Soft forks, on the other hand, are more subtle and can be seen as an extension of the current network.
Forking and New Currencies – Forks can also be used to create brand new blockchain-based currencies, as they create a new branch of the chain that all miners must follow. As a result, new coins can be created for users to trade in.
The Impact on Existing Cryptocurrencies – Forks can have a major impact on an existing cryptocurrency, as it can drastically change the features, usage, and general ecosystem of the chain. Therefore, it is important to understand the potential impacts of a fork before considering it.
Forks can help to improve a blockchain, keep networks running smoothly, or even create brand new coins but they also have the potential to drastically affect existing networks and their users. It is highly recommended to understand and do research on the potential effects of forks to avoid any surprises in the future.
7. What You Should Know When Planning a Fork in Cryptocurrency
Forking in cryptocurrency is a popular way to achieve a variety of goals, from forward-looking feature implementation to simple scalability enhancements. There are a variety of different forks, each with its own implications and caveats. Being aware of why a fork is being done and how it affects the currency is essential for any investor.
1. Currencies in the same family tree: When a cryptocurrency undergoes a fork, it typically splits into two new versions of the currency, each with its own rules and features. These two currencies are often referred to as "children" of the original currency, meaning that while they are separate entities, they still share a common ancestor. Far from being a major disruption to the cryptocurrency landscape, this family tree approach can be seen as beneficial in that it provides users with a familiar base of operations along with a new set of features and options to work with.
2. Reasons for forking: There are a variety of reasons why cryptocurrencies may fork, and understanding these reasons is important when evaluating whether or not a particular fork is worth investing in. Most commonly, forks are done in order to introduce new features and/or correct existing errors or bugs. Forks may also be done in order to increase scalability, allowing a given currency to better handle heavy transaction loads.
3. Technical considerations: As with any change to a cryptocurrency, there are a variety of technical considerations that must be taken into account when planning a fork. This includes ensuring that the new system is secure and that the rules and protocols of the currency's blockchain are accurately maintained. Additionally, it is important to evaluate the risks of inadvertently introducing any bugs or vulnerabilities through a fork that may have been missed by internal teams.
4. Understanding the fork's impact: Forks can have an impact on a variety of different aspects of a given currency, from its value to its market presence to its investment appeal. It is important to understand the full implications of a fork before investing in it, as this can impact long-term returns. Additionally, it is important to be aware of any potential changes to a currency's eco-system, such as any impact it may have on miners or node operators.
5. Evaluating the long-term prospects: When investing in forks, it is important not only to evaluate the immediate implications of the fork, but also to look ahead to what the currency may become in the future. This includes evaluating the impact the fork may have on the currency's value, as well as considering potential future forks and their potential impacts.
6. Understanding other players: In addition to evaluating the technical aspects of a fork, it is also important to understand the impact of other players such as miners, developers, and investors. This includes evaluating their interests in the forked currency, and understanding how they may be incentivized or affected by the fork.
7. Working with reputable entities: Finally, it is important to ensure that when forking a cryptocurrency, that those behind the process are reputable and trust-worthy. Many scams have been discovered in the cryptocurrency space, with the majority resulting in investors either losing their investments or receiving limited returns. Working with a reputable entity can help significantly reduce the risk of these types of scams.
8. Conclusion: Cryptocurrency Forks Explored
Understanding The Types of Forks
Soft Fork: A type of fork that is backward-compatible and allows previous versions of the network to still interact with the new version.
Hard Fork: A type of fork that is not backward compatible and requires everyone to update and adopt the new version of the network.
The Impacts of Forks
Cryptocurrency forks have a variety of impacts on the network, such as increasing transaction speed, reducing transaction fees, improving privacy, and more. But it's important to remember that all forks have some degree of risk. Aside from technical risks, forks can also impact the value of a cryptocurrency. At times, the market may be quick to react negatively to a fork, which could result in selling pressure and a resulting devaluation of the asset.
Establishing a Framework
By now, it's clear that cryptocurrency forks have a far-reaching impact on the network. They can make profound changes to the system, depending on the type of fork. A full understanding of forks is essential to ensure that the community is properly informed and makes decisions with long-term implications. Establishing a framework for when forks should occur and why is important. A sensible approach should include:
Reviewing the possibility of a fork in relation to the purpose and utility of the network.
Assessing the impact on all stakeholders, such as miners, developers, and users.
Measuring the risks and rewards associated with the fork.
Exploring the network stability before and after the fork.
Final Thoughts
Forks are not something to be taken lightly. It's important to understand why and how they occur in order to make informed decisions. With the right framework in place, forks can be used to improve the network while mitigating the risks associated with them. Ultimately, forks are an important part of cryptocurrency development and should be used responsibly.
Q&A
Q: What is a fork in a cryptocurrency?
A: A Fork in a cryptocurrency is a permanent split in its blockchain into two distinct versions.
Q: What causes a fork to occur?
A: A fork is typically caused when the blockchain of a cryptocurrency is changed to introduce new features or fix issues in the code.
Q: What are the two types of forks?
A: The two types of forks are soft forks and hard forks.
Q: What is a soft fork?
A: A soft fork is a change to the software protocol that only requires most nodes in the network to upgrade; the blockchain will remain the same.
Q: What is a hard fork?
A: A hard fork is a change to the software protocol which creates a new version of the blockchain; all nodes must upgrade to the latest version in order for the changes to be compatible.
Q: What kind of changes can a hard or soft fork introduce?
A: A hard or soft fork can introduce a range of changes, such as increasing the maximum block size, reducing the mining reward, or introducing a new consensus algorithm.
Q: What are some of the risks associated with a hard or soft fork?
A: Some potential risks include decreased user consensus and miner support, price volatility, or increased attack/ malleability vectors.
Q: Are there any benefits to a fork?
A: Yes, forks can introduce positive changes to a cryptocurrency and help to improve scalability, provide new features, or fix existing problems. Whether you're already an established cryptocurrency investor or just starting out, it's important to understand the concept of forks and the reasons why and how cryptocurrencies can fork. With information from reliable sources and a deep understanding of the technology that underlies forks, you can be sure that you're ready to take on the dynamic world of cryptocurrencies | eng | c2a2f63a-e95b-49e8-99cc-f8155775b601 | https://info-in-life.com/forks-in-cryptocurrencies-exploring-why-and-how/ |
Day #10: Wrapping it up As we end this class
Day #10: Wrapping it up
As we end this class it's important to note some key theories about the role of media in its relation to society. It's time to start wrapping things up and bringing things to a conclusion. I hope that you have found this class valuable in introducing you to ideas and theories that can help you understand how media interacts and affects society. This class is a starting point for many of these topics, and I encourage you to continue to think about these issues in the future.
This is the last discussion assignment for this class. Tomorrow will be a final, individual assignment about how your worldview may have developed during this class.
So, in conclusion, all the theories you have learned about in this class so far fit into five overall theory categories. Over the period of the last 60 years or so, academics have tried to map the different types of communication theories, and this is it: the mapping out of mass communication, and finally lifting the veil. Here are the five major types of theories….
1. Semiotic theories
These are theories that deal with the relationships among the sign, the referent, and the human mind—looking at how signs and symbols are used and what they mean. These theories look at language and how it has developed in its usage over a period of time. Semiotics is also concerned with how language has been affected by the technology we use and the impact that media has had upon the way we communicate. See here for more:
2. Sociocultural theories
These are theories looking at how the media responds to social and cultural developments and in turn influences those very developments. This is where McLuhan lives (remember the 'medium is the message'?) As well as Agenda-Setting Theory, Gate Keeping Theory, and Chomsky's Manufacturing Consent. A lot of this class has been focused in this theoretical area. See more here:
3. Sociopsychological theories
These are theories that investigate how individuals react to media messages, especially the psychological effects that the media has. A classic example of this are the many Media Effects theories that look at how we change psychologically because of what we are exposed too and what media content we consume. The connection between violence on television and children's violent behavior is an excellent example. Uses and Gratifications theory also fits in here, as well as cultivation theory. We have touched upon this a bit in this class. See more here:
4. Cybernetic theories
Cybernetic theories look at communication as a system, with different types of people in the population each playing a part in the system. One great illustrative theory is Noelle-Neumann's Spiral of Silence theory. In short, the spiral of silence occurs when individuals who perceive that their opinion is popular freely express it, whereas those who do not think their opinion is popular remain quiet. This process occurs in a spiral so that one side of an issue ends up with much publicity and the other side very little. By not speaking, people enable those who do speak to have much more control over what message is clearly heard. Obviously, politics and group discussion and communication is concerned with such theories! See more here:
5. Critical theories
Critical theories are concerned with ideology. Clearly, the media are a major player in the dissemination of ideology. Most critical communication theories are concerned with mass media primarily because of the media's potential for expressing alternative and oppositional ones. For some critical theorists, the media are part of a culture industry that literally creates symbols and images that can oppress marginalized groups. Such theories include Marxism, Hegemonic Theory, and Political-Economic Media Theory to name just a few. See more here:
That's it. As a society, we have come a long way since the origins of humanity who were pre-literate and pre-technology. We have achieved a lot in terms of the development of communication, but not without some cost and some uncertainty about where we are heading.
So, your posting/discussion question: with all of those types of theory available to you, which type of theory interests you the most out of the five areas here? Why? You are welcome to do some further research if you wish on these types of theories.
(400) words minimum, please. , Thank | eng | 0aab0e7b-48f1-4830-a0e3-3ede730c1429 | https://schoolsubjects.org/day-10-wrapping-it-up-as-we-end-this-class/general-questions/323985/ |
Providing Access to EdTech in the Classroom
Although education technology (EdTech) was not invented during the pandemic, it saw an incredible upswing as schools needed to accommodate changing times. As schools pivoted to remote learning, educators and students required technology for virtually every aspect of their school day. While some people may have been slow to adjust to these changes or may be unsure how to make the most of them as schools reopen, it has become evident that EdTech has distinct benefits for educators and students in any learning environment.
Now, educational institutions have come to realize the benefits of EdTech within the classroom as well, and this technology will become an even more integral part of learning moving forward. Making EdTech accessible to all students is a growing priority. As such, schools are working with audiovisual integrators to adopt new tools and ensure their EdTech solutions are up to standard.
If you are interested in making the most of EdTech within your educational institution, read on to learn more about why this technology is so necessary and how to best implement it for your students' success.
What Is EdTech?
The terms "education technology" or "EdTech" refer to processes, software, and hardware used to enhance education.
For educators, the goal of EdTech is to ensure that they can effectively deliver information and boost student engagement. With the support of EdTech, educators can also implement hybrid and fully remote learning models with ease.
For students, EdTech enables learners to better absorb and retain information than through traditional analog teaching methods. Data McKinsey and Company uncovered that students with access to modern technological devices performed better than those without access to high-speed internet and technology.
The EdTech industry is growing exponentially, with a projected growth rate of 20% per year over year until 2028. For instance, grades K-12 have experienced a huge increase in game-based learning that requires EdTech. Experts at the forefront of the sector anticipate further industry growth with a sharp increase in artificial intelligence, augmented reality, and virtual reality technology.
The Benefits of EdTech in the Classroom
Creates an Engaging Learning Experience
Educators understand that engagement is one of the most critical factors in ensuring that students are focused on their learning materials and properly absorbing information. Research from the International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education found that student engagement is strongly linked to increased information retention, improved learning outcomes, and greater academic achievements.
Educators may choose to utilize the following technologies for an improved learning experience:
Interactive displays complete with touchscreen technology allow educators to create an advanced learning experience with ease. Interactive displays may be used to share documents or videos with the class or communicate with students. Classes may also use digital annotation to keep students engaged, giving them the ability to annotate files directly using technology.
Digital whiteboards allow entire classrooms to collaborate and save their work for the future. This allows for review at a later date or for classes to pick up right where they left off in the next session. Interactive whiteboards empower students to annotate content, share screens, and take notes. Students can also draw and highlight important content.
Mobile devices such as tablets make it possible for each student to personally interact with lessons. Educators may also encourage students to use mobile devices to work independently or in small groups. Educational technology is advancing with apps and other online learning tools, which educators can implement through mobile devices to ensure a complete learning experience. Mobile devices are excellent platforms for gamification, with apps and software that increases student engagement through storytelling and character development.
Offers Flexibility to Students and Educators
Educators understand that there is no single method of learning that will suit all students. Each student has a unique learning style and thus requires compatible teaching methods that meet their needs. EdTech provides options so educators can accommodate each student's learning level and provide content that is best suited to their specific learning style.
Educators and students both benefit from a flexible classroom that adapts to their needs. Flexible classrooms feature technology that can be used to support many different teaching methods and learning styles. Classrooms that are able to deliver EdTech solutions for differently-abled students, students at various levels, and multiple teaching approaches will provide a higher standard of learning for all involved.
Increases Student Accessibility
While EdTech is an increasingly important element of a well-rounded educational experience, some students do not have the financial resources to obtain their own devices or the means to ensure consistent access to EdTech at home. Therefore, they rely on the educational institution to provide the technology necessary for adequate learning. For instance, the National Center for Education Statistics found that only 61% of school-age children have access to high-speed internet, despite the fact that most students need the internet to complete assignments.
With the assistance of experienced audiovisual integrators, educational institutions can ensure that students have an interactive experience in the classroom that isn't possible at home and can experience the benefits of EdTech no matter their personal situation.
Best Practices for Implementing EdTech
Implement Standardized Solutions in Each Classroom
The benefits of EdTech should not be restricted to particular students. Equitable access to technology can empower all students and educators with an enhanced learning experience. To ensure accessibility, audiovisual integrators can assess the needs of each classroom and implement standardized EdTech solutions across the board.
Do Not Incentivize EdTech
While EdTech can be fun and engaging for students, educators must refrain from incentivizing technology. EdTech is a pivotal tool to improve the student's experience within the classroom and reduce educators' stress. Furthermore, as society becomes increasingly digitized, understanding how to use technology is necessary for students to become effective members of society.
Ultimately, access to EdTech is not optional and thus should not be used as a reward or punishment. Just as educators would not take away a pencil and paper, they should not limit technology as a learning tool.
Include EdTech That Enables Success for Differently-Abled Students
As stated by the National Education Association, special education programs have increased 30% in just ten years. Furthermore, the NEA also says that almost every general education classroom has differently-abled students. EdTech and other audiovisual technologies can help students with alternative learning styles flourish. For example, schools may use sound-field systems at the school for more effective listening, while interactive displays can assist students who struggle with communication outdated AV technologies for energy-efficient solutions demonstrates your organization's social responsibility while… | eng | bee0a62c-2fe8-4b62-a60e-ddfed06bfa4f | https://www.appliedglobal.com/edtech-in-the-classroom/ |
What is a technology monitor?
Test coordinators recruit a technology monitor to help students with technical issues on test day. They must be on-site, but they don't need technical expertise—we'll provide simple troubleshooting tips. | eng | 2228060f-32cd-4c88-ba2a-f1a347f33154 | https://bluebook.collegeboard.org/help-center/what-technology-monitor |
Pretty Girls That Rock the Mic
A Benefit Concert for Breast Cancer Awareness
November 4, 2023 \\ 2pm - 5:30pm // Austin, TX
Breast Cancer Facts & Events
What Is Breast Cancer?
Breast cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the breast. The damaged cells can invade surrounding tissue, but with early detection and treatment, most people continue a normal life.
Over 2.9 million breast cancer survivors are alive in the United States today.
2015, an estimated 231,840 new cases of invasive breast cancer will be diagnosed among US women, as well as an estimated 60,290 additional cases of in situ breast cancer.
That year, approximately 40,290 US women are expected to die from breast cancer. Only lung cancer accounts for more cancer deaths in women.
Breast cancer incidence rates are highest in non-Hispanic white women, followed by African American women and are lowest among Asian/Pacific Islander women. In contrast, breast cancer death rates are highest for African American women, followed by non-Hispanic white women. Breast cancer death rates are lowest for Asian/Pacific Islander women. Breast cancer incidence and death rates also vary by state. | eng | f957b5fe-1a0f-4c05-8597-dd4db43e9614 | https://www.prettygirlsthatrockthemic.com/facts |
Hello!
How To Create A Smart Contract On Ethereum
A smart contract is a computer protocol intended to facilitate, verify, or enforce the negotiation or performance of a contract. Smart contracts allow the performance of credible transactions without third parties. These transactions are trackable and irreversible.
Smart contracts are self-executing contracts with the terms of the contract between buyer and seller being directly written into code. The code and the agreements contained therein are transparent to all parties involved.
How do I set up a smart contract?
A smart contract is a self-executing contract with the terms of the agreement between the parties written into code. Smart contracts allow for secure and transparent contracting and can be used for a variety of purposes, including fundraising, property ownership, and insurance.
To set up a smart contract, you'll need a blockchain platform that supports smart contracts, such as Ethereum. You'll also need to create a smart contract template and write the code for the contract.
The first step is to create a new account on the blockchain platform you're using. Then, you'll need to install a software development kit (SDK) for the platform. The SDK will provide you with all the tools you need to create and deploy smart contracts.
Next, you'll need to create a new smart contract. The contract will have a number of input fields, including the names of the parties involved, the amount of the contract, and the date the contract will be executed.
The contract will also have a number of executable functions. These functions will be executed when the contract is executed. For example, a function might take the input from the contract and deposit it into a bank account.
Finally, you'll need to deploy the smart contract. This will publish the contract to the blockchain and make it available to be executed.
Once the contract is deployed, it will be executed automatically when the conditions specified in the contract are met. The contract will be executed in a secure and transparent manner, and the results will be stored on the blockchain.
Can anyone create a smart contract?
Yes, anyone can create a smart contract provided they have a basic understanding of how they work and the necessary programming skills. However, it is important to note that not all smart contracts are created equal – some are more complex and require more coding skills than others.
There are a few different platforms that allow you to create smart contracts. The most popular is Ethereum, which uses the programming language Solidity. Other options include Hyperledger Fabric, Truffle, and Lisk.
If you're new to programming, it might be a good idea to start with a simpler platform and language. Ethereum is a good option for more experienced developers, as it offers more flexibility and features.
Smart contracts are a great way to automate transactions and agreements between businesses or individuals. They can help to reduce the risk of fraud or error, and can save time and money.
However, it's important to remember that smart contracts are not foolproof. They are subject to the same risks as any other computer code, and can be hacked or manipulated if not implemented correctly.
So, can anyone create a smart contract? Yes, but it's important to do your research first and make sure you understand how they work.
How much ETH do you need to deploy a smart contract?
How much ETH do you need to deploy a smart contract?
Deploying a smart contract requires a small amount of ETH to pay for transaction fees. The amount of ETH you need to deploy a smart contract depends on the network congestion at the time of deployment. During periods of high congestion, the fees for transactions can be higher.
To get an idea of how much ETH you might need to deploy a smart contract, we looked at the average gas price on the Ethereum network over the last month. The average gas price on the Ethereum network has been around 23 Gwei. At this rate, it would cost around 0.052 ETH to deploy a smart contract.
However, the Ethereum network is not always congested and the average gas price can vary significantly. In order to ensure that your smart contract is successfully deployed, it is best to check the network gas price before you send any transactions.
How do I create a smart contract with MetaMask?
Creating a smart contract with MetaMask is a relatively simple process. In this article, we'll walk you through the steps involved.
First, you'll need to create a new account on MetaMask. To do this, open the MetaMask extension, click on the Create New Account button, and enter the following information:
Next, you'll need to fund your account with some ether. To do this, open MetaMask, click on the Accounts tab, and select the account you just created. Then, click on the Deposit button and enter the amount of ether you want to deposit.
Your contract will now be deployed to the blockchain. You can check the status of your contract by clicking on the Contracts tab and selecting the contract you just created.
Are smart contracts hard to create?
Are smart contracts hard to create? This is a question that many people have asked and the answer is not a simple one. There are a few factors that need to be taken into account when answering this question.
The first thing to consider is what a smart contract actually is. A smart contract is a self-executing contract that is stored on a blockchain. The contract is automatically executed when the predetermined conditions are met. This makes them a very efficient way of doing business.
The second factor to consider is the level of experience that the developer has. A smart contract developer needs to have a good understanding of blockchain technology, as well as the programming language that is being used. Solidity is the language that is used for creating smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain.
The third factor to consider is the complexity of the contract. A simple contract can be created relatively easily, but a contract that is more complex can be more difficult to create.
So, are smart contracts hard to create? The answer to this question depends on a number of factors, including the experience of the developer, the complexity of the contract, and the blockchain platform that is being used.
Where can I build a smart contract?
When it comes to building a smart contract, there are a few different places you can go. Each has its own benefits and drawbacks, so it's important to understand what each option offers before making a decision.
The first option is to use a smart contract platform. These platforms allow you to create and deploy contracts without having to write any code. All you need to do is create a user account and specify the parameters of your contract. The platform will take care of the rest.
Some of the most popular smart contract platforms include Ethereum and NEO. These platforms are both open-source, so they're free to use. They also have large user communities, so you can find plenty of support if you need it.
The second option is to use a custom built platform. If you have specific requirements that aren't met by existing platforms, you may need to build your own. This can be a bit more difficult than using a pre-built platform, but it gives you more control over the final product.
Finally, you can also build contracts on top of blockchains like Bitcoin and Ethereum. This option is a bit more complex, but it offers more security and flexibility.
No matter which option you choose, make sure to do your research first. There are a lot of different platforms out there, and not all of them are created equal. Choose the platform that best suits your needs and your level of expertise.
How much does it cost to get a smart contract made?
When it comes to creating a smart contract, cost is definitely a factor to consider. But how much does it actually cost to get a smart contract made?
There are a few different factors that will determine the cost of a smart contract. The first is the complexity of the contract. The more complex the contract, the more time and effort it will take to create. The second factor is the experience of the developer. The more experience the developer has, the higher the cost will be.
The cost of a smart contract can vary greatly, but typically it ranges from a few hundred dollars to a few thousand dollars. However, it is important to keep in mind that the cost can vary depending on the complexity and experience of the developer.
If you're looking to get a smart contract made, it's important to do your research and find a developer with the experience and expertise you need. And be sure to ask for a quote upfront so you know exactly what you're getting into. | eng | e1e2a5be-a5ce-4c04-861f-13033135f740 | https://andronishoneymoon.com/crypto/how-to-create-a-smart-contract-on-ethereum.html |
I guess you could say it's a holy week for Christians and golf enthusiasts. Sorry if I get slapped for this, but as it is....
April is coming, and your writer will be taking a few days off from work. Just so happens that it's not just Holy Week during the first full week of that month, but it will also see The Masters getting going for another set of rounds at Augusta National. They're scheduled for that same week. This year, anyway, as every year is a...
Populism is coming. It's rising up in other parts of the world. Why? Because other countries are at their wit's end with the far left.
America should see something like populism rising up right here. You're just not seeing that in the forefront at this time. Getting in the way of that has been the far left in this country, what with their bullying of fellow Americans just to get what they want while getting rich off of you and I, the taxpayers. What we're all... | eng | 44fc2565-89fb-448c-8991-ab3a02f59abd | http://www.city-data.com/blogs/135095-case44-2023-3-29.html |
On September 30, 1938, an agreement was reached in Munich which shocked the world and would decide future developments. The way in which he achieved this convinced Adolf Hitler he had been given a free hand in Europe. It was clear to him that France and Great-Britain were not yet ready for war and they wouldn't establish a front with the Soviet Union against him. The events that followed would plunge Europe, and later on the entire world, into a war that would be known as the Second World War.
Definitielijst
Soviet Union
Soviet Russia, alternative name for the USSR.
The Treaty of Versailles
In order to understand the events of 1938 more clearly, we have to go back to the termination of the First World War which ended with an agreement known as the Treaty of Versailles of June 28, 1919 which severely humiliated Germany. France was allowed to rob Germany of her coal unhindered, eastern Prussia was cut off from the motherland, Germany was compelled to make huge reparation payments and her air force and navy all but ceased to exist. However, not only Germany was displeased. Countries such as Poland, Hungary and Italy had hoped and expected to gain far more from the negotiations.
Although the agreement became known by the name Treaty of Versailles, it was just one of the many treaties that were signed around Paris. Versailles determined Germany's future.
Negotiations in St. Germain and at Trianon were at least as important where the future of respectively Austria and Hungary was determined. To break these former powers, the states of Yugoslavia, (Croatia, Slovenia and Serbia) and Czechoslovakia were established.
The partioning of Austria-Hungary and the creation of Czechoslovakia as published in the paper
Source: The Independent, (New York), June 14, vol. 98, 1919, p. 391
The negotiations in St. Germain, in particular in Castle St. Germain-en-Leye, ended with an agreement signed on September 10, 1919[1] This treaty determined the future sphere of influence and the size of Austria. The nucleus of the new country Czechoslovakia was made up of Bohemia and Moravia and a part on Silesia was also added to the country. The treaty of Trianon, signed on June 4, 1920, determined the borders of Hungary and parts of this country were also added to the new state.[2]. In this way, a new state was formed inhabited by large numbers of ethnic minorities and majorities of Polish, German, Austrian and Hungarian origin. A large part of the German minority, the Sudeten-Germans, was not informed about their incorporation in Czechoslovakia. They also were hardly involved in the development of the country. The national sentiment was mainly focused on Czechs and Slovaks[3]. This in particular was to play a role later on in the run-up to the Second World War.
The League of Nations
In order to nip future conflicts in the bud, the League of Nations was founded. Although contacts within the League led to various pacts, agreements and normalization of relations in the course of the years, the League itself has never gained much respect. In particular the lack of means to actually intervene frequently caused the accused party to walk away without a solution being achieved. A country such as the USA, which played a major role in ending the First World War and the establishment of the League wasn't even a member.
Many countries attempted to secure their future by signing mutual agreements, bypassing the League of Nations which made it redundant for them. The lack of power of the League is illustrated by a number of major events prior to the Second World War in which it was actually unable to offer a solution.
1931 Japan invades Manchuria
1935 Italy invades Ethiopia
1936 The Civil War erupts in Spain
1937 Japan invades China
1938 The Anschluß of Austria with Germany and the occupation of part of Czechoslovakia by various countries
1939 Italy invades Albania and Germany invades Poland
Seat of the League of Nations in Geneva, 1932 Source: Bundesarchiv, Bild 102-11045 / CC-BY-SA 3.0
Definitielijst
League of Nations
International league of Nations for cooperation and security (1920 – 1941). The League was located in Geneva, in neutral Switzerland. During the 1930s the league of nations could do little against aggressive behaviour of Japan, Manchuria, Italy, Abyssinia and Hitler. The league of nations was in fact the predecessor of the United Nations.
Japanese invasion of Manchuria
This attack was completely separated from the developments in Europe. After all, it took until 1936 before Japan would join the Axis powers.
Influenced by the West, Japan had modernized well over the years and she gradually became a significant factor in the region. The policy of the United States and the Soviet Union in regard to the trade with China was gradually considered a threat by Japan. In 1931 she felt strong enough to expand her influence in the region and secure her trade relations. An incident in Mukden was used as an excuse to intervene and within a few months, Manchuria was occupied completely. In March 1932, Japan established a puppet government in Manchukuo, (as the country was called from then on) headed by the last Chinese Emperor of the Mantsju dynasty, Henry Pu Yi. Nothing happened without consent from Japan though which even stationed a permanent army in the country.
The location of the 'assault', the Mukden incident which triggered the Japanese invasion of Manchuria
Source: Public Domain (Source unknown)
Definitielijst
Manchukuo
Name that the Japanese gave to the puppet state which they established in 1932 merging the Chinese Manchuria and Jehol.
Italian invasion of Ethiopia
Benito Mussolini had never kept his wish secret to make Italy as powerful again as the Roman Empire used to be. As the Duce didn't dare to enter into a conflict with Great-Britain and Germany, he opted to expand the colonial power of his country. The old empire of Abyssinia seemed a perfect prey. Not a single other power laid claim to the area and other colonials had the idea the Duce could be appeased by giving Italy a free hand. On October 1935, a relatively modern armed Italy invaded the helpless country and forced the population to its knees in a bloody war.
The Spanish Civil War
After a long period of dictatorship by the Spanish Royalty, elections in 1930 showed that the king could no longer count on support from the population. Spain became a republic. Stabilization turned out to be impossible and the murder of a monarchist on July 13, 1936 triggered a revolt led by Francisco Franco. Due to his Nationalist-Fascist attitude, this soon turned into a conflict between a Fascist and a Communist doctrine. Franco's Fascists were openly supported by Adolf Hitler who eventually made use of the conflict to train his troops for warfare by dispatching the Condor Legion. The republic itself was supported materially as well as financially by the Soviet Union and personnel consisting of volunteer warriors from numerous countries. Eventually, Madrid was compelled to surrender on March 28, 1939 and Spain became a Fascist dictatorship.
Definitielijst
Condor Legion
Name of German air force (mainly) units that fought alongside General Franco during the Spanish civil war from 1936-1939.
dictatorship
A form of government where the power in a country is in the hands of one person, the dictator. Originally a Roman regime in case of an emergency where total power would rest with one person during six months in order to face a crisis.
Occupation of the Saar region
The Treaty of Versailles stipulated that the German Saar region would be cut off from Germany for a period of 15 years. In 1935 the population was allowed to determine the future in a general election. In a cunning process of propaganda, Hitler managed to have 90% of the population opt for incorporation into Germany. Hitler derived so much courage from this that he established the Luftwaffe on March 15, 1935 and introduced compulsory conscription on March 16 in violation of the Treaty of Versailles. One year later, on March 7, 1936, Hitler made his next move by having his troops march into the Rhineland, demilitarized by the Treaty of Versailles. Again, the rest of the world did nothing. Occupation of the Rhineland was a major gamble. The Wehrmacht was from ready to enter into an armed conflict with France. Therefore, Hitler had ordered his troops to withdraw immediately in case France would attack. Nothing happened though so Hitler felt increasingly more confident about his case.
German troops entering the demilitarized zone on the Rhine, March 7, 1936 Source: Imperial War Museum, IWM NYP 68058
Definitielijst
Luftwaffe
German air force.
propaganda
Often misleading information used to gain support among supporters or to gain support. Often used to accomplish ideas and political goals.
Rhineland
German-speaking demilitarized area on the right bank of the Rhine which was occupied by Adolf Hitler in 1936 after World War 1.
Wehrmacht
German armed military forces, divided in ground forces, air force and navy.
Austrian Anschluß
In article 80 of the Treaty of Versailles and in article 88 of the treaty of St. Germain it was set forth that Germany and Austria would remain separated indefinitely.
The Austrian government, headed by Bundeskanzler Kurt Schuschnigg, gave in to the intimidations by Adolf Hitler and the chief of the OKW (supreme command of the army) General der ArtillerieWilhelm Keitel and appointed the National Socialist Dr. Arthur Seyss-Inquart as minister. In a last-ditch attempt to keep Hitler out, Schuschnigg ordered a plebiscite about Austria's independence. A furious Hitler threatened with an attack in case power wasn't immediately passed to the Nazis. Austria, not wishing a military conflict for which she would have been totally unprepared for and unable to, gave in to the pressure and power passed to Seyss-Inquart.
His first move was to ask Germany for help and on March 12, 1938, German troops crossed the border. Once again, not a single country intervened in the next violation of the treaties from after the First World War.
Definitielijst
OKW
"Oberkommando der Wehrmacht". German supreme command of the Armed Forces, Army, Air Force and Navy.
From prelude to Fall Grün
In 1933, the inferior position of the Sudetendeutsche led to the establishment of the Sudetendeutsche Partei (SdP) by Konrad Henlein. The party and Henlein openly opposed Czechoslovakia. During local elections, he managed to win two-thirds of the votes in the German speaking districts of Czechoslovakia.[4].In 1935, the party had become the second largest mainly because of the Czechs and Slovaks voting for many different parties.
Shortly after the Anschluß on March 18, 1938, the Soviet Union asked for an alliance against the Nazis. Neville Chamberlain's reaction was negative. Although Germany had violated old pacts time and again and could be expected to continue doing so, Chamberlain remained convinced of a possible peaceful solution. In his opinion, an anti-Fascist alliance would surely fuel the threat of war. This reaction would have caused the Soviets to think twice and would surely have attributed to their decision to enter into a non-aggression pact with Germany in 1939.
On March 28, 1938, Adolf Hitler and Konrad Henlein met in Berlin. As a result, Henlein made a series of demands to the leader of the Czechoslovakian government, Edward Benesj. In this Karlsbacher Programm Henlein demanded autonomy for the German minorities in Czechoslovakia[5]. Benesj responded by granting the German minority more rights but autonomy was a bridge too far. During the next local elections in May 1938, the SdP won 88% of the votes by the German minorities.
Hitler unleashed even more propaganda and eventually, he managed to trigger a revolt in the area which was quelled mercilessly by the Czechoslovakian authorities. The call for autonomy became louder and louder though and was strongly supported by Hitler. Great-Britain eyed the developments with growing suspicion and considered it necessary to intervene. Instead of taking strong action by guaranteeing the independence and indivisibility of the country, the road of diplomacy was taken.
Definitielijst
non-aggression pact
Agreement wherein parties pledge not to attack each other.
propaganda
Often misleading information used to gain support among supporters or to gain support. Often used to accomplish ideas and political goals.
Soviet Union
Soviet Russia, alternative name for the USSR.
The Munich Agreement
In order to clear the air, on September 15, 1938, Benesj made a proposal to Hitler in secret. He offered Germany an area of 2,317 square miles provided Hitler would permit the mandatory relocation of the German minorities in Czechoslovakia to that area. Reportedly, Hitler didn't respond to this at all[6].
That same day, British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain went to Hitler's summer residence in Berchtesgaden, the Obersalzberg in person. Hitler made his demands concerning the Saar area clear. First and foremost, he demanded autonomy. Chamberlain let it be known he would speak to France about it and so it happened. After these negotiations, they indicated to Czechoslovakian Prime Minister Benesj he should not let it come to war as he didn't have to expect any support. On September 22 Chamberlain could inform Hitler that the Sudetenland could introduce autonomy. For Hitler though, this wasn't sufficient anymore. He wanted to have to opportunity to invade the region at all times. This however was too much for Chamberlain.
On September 23, Czechoslovakia mobilized her troops and war seemed inevitable. At that moment, Benito Mussolini intervened and proposed himself as mediator. On September 29, Hitler, Mussolini and Chamberlain met in Munich to solve the Czechoslovakian question. The nearest major power, the Soviet Union and the subject of the meeting, Czechoslovakia were not invited. Édouard Daladier and Chamberlain fully agreed with all German demands. Hitler was given a free hand and on October 1, German troops marched into the Sudetenland.
Neville Chamberlain shows the agreement he had signed with Hitler, saying Peace in our Time, Heston Airport, September 1938 Source: Imperial War Museum IWM D 2239
Definitielijst
Soviet Union
Soviet Russia, alternative name for the USSR.
Follow-up
This agreement however almost meant the end of the state of Czechoslovakia. In supplements of the treaty it had been agreed that the claims of Poland and Hungary would also be arranged. In negotiations between the countries involved, not much was left of the territory. During the following talks between Germany and Czechoslovakia, about issues such as free passage, open borders etc., Germany steadily increased the pressure. In the end, Hitler demanded the demobilization of all Czechoslovakian troops.
The country couldn't agree with this. Yet an attempt was made to take the diplomatic road and Hitler changed tactics again. He forced the Slovakian government to demand autonomy. Although it was tried to appease Poland and Hungary, this wasn't entirely successful. These countries still claimed part of the Slovakian territory. Hitler now offered the Slovakians a choice: either they demanded autonomy of the Czech part, or they were left to the mercy of Poland and Hungary. In exchange for this autonomy, Hitler would guarantee the independence of Slovakia, under German influence of course.
Cornered, negotiations were started. On March 9, 1939, these bogged down completely and the Czech government occupied all strategic positions in Bratislava, the Slovakian capital. In response to this, Hitler made an ultimatum to Prague. On March 14, Bratislava declared the independent state of Slovakia and meanwhile, Hungarian troops invaded the helpless region of Ruthenia. Eventually, the pressure on Czech negotiators Hácha and Chvalkovsky was so intense, they felt compelled to sign a document submitted by Hitler, in which they abstained from their own sovereignty. At that moment German troops already crossed the border into Czechia. The state of Czechoslovakia had ceased to exist and the world did nothing. Hitler's road to more lay wide open.
Related sights
Looking for reliable information or news facts about WW2? Do you want to create your own battlefield tour to sights of wars from the past? Or are you interested in war medals and their recipients? TracesOfWar.com tells you more! | eng | ff06ccc5-72d2-428a-88b2-34fda0b646af | https://www.tracesofwar.com/articles/7113/Munich-Agreement.htm |
What's the difference?? Are tax delinquent properties the same as pre-foreclosure properties?
Wed, 01 Feb 2023 18:20:09 -0800Phorum 5.2.15a What's the difference??
<![CDATA[ Theoretically true. Realistically, if an owner isn't paying his taxes he's not paying his mortgage either, so the lender foreclosures on the mortgage and outstanding taxes become part of his trip price. Now if owner owns his home free of mortgages, and delinquent in taxes, then the county will eventually foreclose upon him, either for the county themselves or at request of investor who bought the tax lien.]]>Workout GuyForeclosure ForumTue, 01 Dec 2020 11:55:12 -0800 What's the difference??
<![CDATA[ But they can treat, delinquent taxes (unpaid) as a form of foreclosures in some states (depending on the language of the statute or code). | eng | effe1fbd-2e5c-4121-80e2-33d7de09663e | http://www.foreclosureforum.com/board/feed.php?2,2487,type=rss |
Patent granted for a "foot orthotic"! | eng | c1dbe2a2-984c-4e12-800f-764c561e800b | http://ipodiatry.org/patent-granted-for-a-foot-orthotic/22526/ |
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Mixed Lot of (6) used tools.
1. Allied 3Ton Hydraulic Jack. Used but appears to be in good shape.
2. Gray TSL-44 Pneumatic 44K LBS Jack. Used. Shows normal wear and tear.
3. (2) Pneumatic Drills with water hose attachments. Unknown make and model. These were kept in the fire trucks and used for extractions.
4. (2) heavy duty spot lights. 1 is missing the handle.
Everything is used and being sold as is. Please look at all pictures and video. | eng | 16bd32dc-ef1c-481c-be01-61c13a4310e8 | https://bidera.com/Event/LotDetails/256748/Mixed-Lot-of-6-Used-Tools |
"It's dark in here, Elizabeth. But I can still tell two things about you." "Such as?" "For one, you're beautiful." "How flattering, Justin. What else?" "You're vulnerable." "How do you know?" "There's enough light that I see the vulnerability reflected in your eyes." "How can you tell I'm beautiful?" "We've been talking for ten or fifteen minutes. I admire your values—you don't judge other people if you don't know them well, or even if you do. To me that's beautiful." "So where does that leave us?" "Needing another drink so I can decide whether you're too old for me | eng | 95c77450-2773-4f52-878b-a27f45c6792a | https://www.fridayflashfiction.com/100-word-stories/short-conversation-by-eric-smith |
French Babettes
Always leave her with dessert.
If she refuses, but she achieves this rather unwillingly, offer to separate something together with her. (Choose something chocolate, believe me). make an issue about having to pay the check. If she would like to separate it, don't ruin a pleasant evening by beginning a disagreement. Be diplomatic and claim that she spend the money for tip.
Or do this, claim that she purchases your food in your next date. This way you'll avoid potential hurt feelings and request another date simultaneously. Now you are thinking ahead. | eng | a0e84395-e6ea-4c49-831b-71e4acf32f4e | https://www.knowhowmovie.com/37475 |
Students should be allowed to receive food deliveries during lunch
When it comes to the topic of lunch at Rialto High School most students would rather not discuss it. The variety of food they serve is at a minimum, especially to those students with a different diet.
The school has no food choices for those students who are vegetarian, vegan, or gluten free. Although the only vegan option they carry are salads, they don't carry enough for everyone. It is inconvenient for students to go without eating and continue throughout the school day when they could have ordered food that meets their diet.
An alternative would be for the students' parents to drop off their lunch, but it can be a hassle for them if they work and don't have time to drop it off at their child's school.
Being able to order food at school can bring lot's of pros, one being short lunch lines, and less chances of being food poisoned by school food. Senior Noemi Romo was a victim of food poisoning from school food around the start of the school year. Romo explained that she felt unwell a few hours after BIC (breakfast in class), where she ate a breakfast burrito.
The school has nothing to lose if a student orders food to campus. Some teachers might even agree on it, since it'll allow them to order food from time to time when they're craving something specific but don't have enough time to get it during their break.
Students eating during their lunch and feeling full can improve their concentration in which they're more likely to focus during class.
If it's food allergies the school is afraid of, students range in age from 14 to 19, which means they're highly aware of what they can and cannot have. Therefore, leaving that situation out of the way.
If there is a security issue, student's don't have to leave the campus to get their food, they can just have the person delivering it drop it off at the front office or by the front office, where there's always a security guard.
The school follows nutritional guidelines ordered by the state where students have to receive a balanced diet that includes fruits, vegetables, low fat or fat free milk, whole grain, and protein. By just looking at the carts or tables that stand outside the lunch lines, those carry unwanted milk, fruits, vegetables, and sandwiches, from students.
Students are already getting an unbalanced diet if they're not taking the protein, milk, fruit, etc. that's part of the nutritional guidelines the state requires for students.
So the school should give the option for students to feed themselves with healthy food that they actually like. | eng | fe63826f-7550-454a-a825-b8bce4d11254 | https://www.rhsmedievaltimes.com/post/students-should-be-allowed-to-receive-food-deliveries-during-lunch |
Content
Over time, heavy consumption of alcohol can lead to chronic conditions like high blood pressure, heart disease, liver disease, and even cancer.
According to studies, having more than three drinks¹ a day is associated with increased hypertension (high blood pressure) and cardiovascular diseases.
High blood pressure is sometimes referred to as "the silent killer" due to a lack of noticeable symptoms. It is also a high-risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and heart failure.
Lifestyle is a major cause of high blood pressure, and alcohol is among those unhealthy lifestyle choices. Excessive drinking can lead to hypertension either directly or indirectly, and it is estimated that about 10% of high blood pressure² cases in the general population can be linked to alcohol.
Read on to understand the relationship between alcohol consumption and high blood pressure.
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How does alcohol impact blood pressure?
There are many ways that alcohol can increase the risk of hypertension, whether directly or indirectly. The immediate and direct effects are often related to how the alcohol is processed in the body.
Many studies find that regular drinkers have a higher risk of high blood pressure than non-drinkers. Also, studies have found³ that heavy drinkers (more than 30 drinks per week) are twice as likely as non-drinkers to develop any type of hypertension.
Alcohol can lead to hypertension in the following ways:
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a critical role in regulating blood volume and systemic vascular resistance.
The system is made up of the three compounds in its name, and they act to increase arterial pressure in response to lower renal blood pressure.
Alcohol elevates the blood levels of the renin compound, which results in the blood vessels constricting, making them smaller in diameter. An increase in the renin hormone also decreases how much fluid the body eliminates as urine, raising fluid levels within the body.
The combination of smaller blood vessels and more fluids increases the chances of hypertension.
Vasopressin levels
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, is a hormone responsible for the body holding onto water which typically limits the urine volume the kidneys make. When people drink alcohol, vasopressin is suppressed.
As a result, the body overcompensates by releasing more vasopressin, which can cause an increase in blood pressure.
Cortisol levels
Cortisol is the primary hormone for stress and plays an important part in regulating inflammation, immune function, and metabolism. However, too much cortisol for extended periods often leads to Cushing's syndrome, symptoms of which include hypertension, osteoporosis, and mood swings.
The consumption of alcohol is known to increase the amount of calcium that tends to get bound to the arterial and arteriolar smooth muscle cells. This results in increased sensitivity of the blood vessels to compounds that constrict them.
The constriction of blood vessels means that the heart has to pump harder, which results in increased blood pressure.
Guidelines for drinking alcohol if you have high blood pressure or are at risk of developing it
If you have high blood pressure or are at risk of developing it, it would be best to avoid alcohol entirely or drink it in very moderate amounts. For healthy people, moderate translates to one or two drinks a day, no matter the type of alcohol.
There are different definitions of excessive drinking that can help you understand various types of alcohol consumption:
Binge-drinking: having four or more drinks for women and five or more drinks for men in a single occasion
Moderate drinking: less than or up to two drinks a day for men and one drink for women
Heavy drinking: more than 15 drinks per week for men and eight drinks per week for women
According to a large-scale study⁵ with more than 17,000 participants, those categorized as moderate or heavy drinkers were at a higher risk for high blood pressure than those who didn't drink alcohol.
If you take high blood pressure medication, you should be especially cautious of consuming alcohol. Certain types of hypertension medication, such as alpha-blockers, beta-blockers, and nitrates, can have dangerous interactions with alcohol.
The majority of high blood pressure medications come with possible side effects of dizziness that can occur due to lowering blood pressure. Too much alcohol can also worsen reduced blood pressure, resulting in more dizziness, drowsiness, and possible fainting. The combination of the two can lead to more falls and accidents.
Will quitting alcohol lower blood pressure?
A study has reported that⁷ heavy drinkers who completely stopped drinking for a month managed to lower their systolic pressure by about 7.2 mm Hg and their diastolic pressure by 6.6mm Hg.
Almost 72% of these participants, who were initially categorized as hypertensive, were no longer considered so after giving up alcohol for a month.
The results showed that excessive consumption of alcohol played a critical role in increasing blood pressure. So, drinking in moderation or quitting altogether is recommended as part of the treatment for high blood pressure in people who regularly consume high amounts of alcohol.
Moderate consumption or abstinence
Moderating or abstaining from alcohol consumption is the best non-medical option available for lowering alcohol-induced high blood pressure. These behaviors can also help prevent the development of high blood pressure among healthy adults.
Try to gradually reduce consumption to one or two drinks per day; then, try to stop drinking altogether. If you have problems moderating or limiting alcohol consumption, there are many options available for support, such as rehab and counseling.
Non-pharmacological treatment
Lack of exercise and an inactive lifestyle can contribute to the development of high blood pressure, and studies have shown that physical activity helps control blood pressure.
There are some pharmacological medications available to help lower alcohol-related hypertension.
ACE inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) blockers can help manage alcohol-induced high blood pressure. The medication's ability to elevate cardiac output in individuals with cardiomyopathy caused by alcohol can be helpful in the treatment of alcohol-induced hypertension.
Additionally, calcium-channel blockers can help. Since managing alcoholism can lower blood pressure numbers, some medications focus on helping people quit drinking. The ingredients in these medications include acamprosate, oral naltrexone, and disulfiram.
The lowdown
Alcohol can lead to high blood pressure, and excessive drinking can be a major cause. Alcohol usually affects multiple body systems, increasing the risk of developing hypertension.
Fortunately, alcohol-induced hypertension is reversible, especially when people moderate or abstain from alcohol for long periods. Regular physical activity is also an effective treatment method for alcohol-induced hypertension.
Medications can also treat acute alcohol-induced hypertension episodes or manage the condition long-term. | eng | da88102a-f9b5-4920-8180-7a21ae2474b3 | https://healthmatch.io/high-blood-pressure/why-does-alcohol-cause-high-blood-pressure |
The Latest in Gynecologic Cancer News for Breasties
From rising rates of late stage cervical cancer to a test that can predict ovarian cancer — here's what you should know.
As we wrap up another Gynecologic Cancer Awareness month, we wanted to share some recent news we think matters for our community.
Late Stage Cervical Cancer Is On The Rise
Key Takeaways
Analyzing data from 2001-2018, researchers found an 1.3 percent increase in Stage 4 cervical cancer diagnosis. The greatest increase, at 4.5 percent, was found among white patients in the south, ages 40-44.
Black patients have an overall higher rate of late stage diagnosis, at 1.55 per 100,000, versus 0.92 per 100,000 in white patients.
Research Details Researchers at the University of California Los Angeles found an increase in Stage 4 cervical cancer over an almost 20-year period. Researchers believe the increase can be at least partially attributed to skipped screening exams, such as the Pap smear and HPV test.
Why It's Important The five year survival rate for those diagnosed with Stage 4 cervical cancer is 17 percent. Conversely, the cervical cancer detected early has a five year survival rate of over 90 percent. Unlike the other four gynecologic cancers, there is an excellent screening test in the Pap smear, and an excellent preventative measure in the HPV vaccine.
A Non-Invasive Way to Detect Ovarian Cancer
A new type of technology can capture stray ovarian cancer cells from a simple blood test and successfully predict cancer in people who have a lesion or cyst in the pelvic region.
This new detection method alerted physicians to which patients needed to see a gynecologic oncologist for prompt treatment.
Research Details Researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center analyzed gene expression from captured cells in blood and evaluated 72 different gene transcripts and seven blood biomarkers related to ovarian cancer (including CA125). From this collection, the study identified nine gene transcripts and four biomarkers that were useful for detecting cancers. The algorithm achieved a sensitivity of 95 percent and an accuracy of 83 percent for detecting ovarian cancer.
Why It's Important There is no routine screening test available andovarian cancer is often not found until later stages, making treatment difficult. A non-invasive test that predicts malignancy beforehand would enable people with the highest risk for ovarian cancer to have surgery done by an oncology specialist.
Uterine (Endometrial) Cancer Deaths Increasing
A rare but aggressive type of uterine cancer appears to be driving an increase in U.S. deaths, particularly among Black patients.
Over eight years, deaths from this more aggressive kind of cancer - called type 2 endometrial cancer — rose by 2.7 percent annually.
Research Details The findings in the study suggest a significant increase of nonendometrioid uterine carcinoma mortality rates. The increase in this trend is not well understood and is disproportionately impacting Black patients.
Why It's Important An estimated 65,950 new cases of uterine cancer will be diagnosed in the U.S. this year and 12,550 women are expected to die from it. Irregular bleeding can be a warning sign, but there is no recommended screening test. Additionally, uterine cancer rates are increasing so quickly it is expected to replace colorectal cancer by 2040 as the third most common cancer among women, and fourth-leading cause of women's cancer death. | eng | a76ef31c-fd18-42f9-8feb-a90ecb2d05f6 | https://thepeak.thebreasties.org/the-latest-in-gynecologic-cancer-news-for-breasties/ |
Description
The Southern Han Kingdom came about because the Prince of the region remained in power after the fall of the main Han Dynasty. He claimed to be more closely connected than he was, but no matter, his ventures did not particularly prosper, and though he handed on something to a succession of short lived successors, the whole thing was done in a few decades. The Kingdom was poor, you can tell by the lead coins. The region now contains Guangzhou and Shenzhen. Back then it was fishing villages. The constant enemy was Vietnam.
The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period followed the demise of Tang. Later (Posterior) Liang, Tang, Han, Jin, and Zhou Dynasties, Former (Anterior) Shu, Min, Chu, Later Shu, Southern Tang and Han, You Zhou kingdoms and regions that issued coins. Extensive use of iron and lead coinage | eng | 3b12e3b1-44f6-4739-8ff9-7cd348b5b789 | https://www.goldenruleenterprises.org/product/china-southern-han-kingdom-905-971-ad-lead-kai-yuan-tong-bao/ |
Snowbirds
SNOWBIRDS is a mid-length documentary that reaches out to golden age Canadians living in Florida during the winter season. This is the growing trend of an entire generation migrating to the tropics, seeking a leisure society that can entertain them.
With tenderness and humor, this sociological documentary goes to the heart of their daily lives by painting a human portrait of this typically Canadian social phenomenon.
Welcome to the French District of Florida, Snowbird's paradise | eng | ea90d331-326d-4b3c-96d0-7c5b5cc3bde2 | https://www.filmplatform.net/product/snowbirds/ |
Latest Course
Human Resource Management
HR
Human resource management is about utilization of human resource of the organization to achieve organizational goals. In other words, human resource management is about recruitment, development, and maintaining of the competent and qualified work force to achieve the organizational goals based on the value system governing the society with maximum efficiency. For the human resource management, the following goals are set up.
To provide the required human resource for the organization
To train and to develop the employees' talents and skills
To keep and protect the available resource and to establish desirable interrelations
To care the employees' welfare and moral needs in order to boost their content
In order to achieve the above goals, one needs to be able to:
* To plan long term strategies for the recruitment of required human resource aligned with the organization's goals and strategies
* To analyze and design the organizational structure and the processes of the organization
* To recruit and employ
* To familiarize the recently employed forces with the organization and vice versa
* To train and develop human resource
* To coach human resource
* To evaluate human resource functionality
* To establish promotion and punishment system
* To establish discipline and to correct behavior
* To compensate, ensure welfare, and keep the human resource
The following training is designed for the management of the organizational behavior:
* The management of individual's behavior in the organization (such as management of individual's motifs, values, views, and organizational personality)
* The management of group behavior in the organization (such as leadership, team and group work, organizational relations, change or evolution in the organization, employees' behavioral and mental health, and stress control)
* The enabling the dynamics of the organization (enabling the employees, processes, and organizational structure, management of creativity in organization, management of organizational culture, enhancement of skills for self-management, etc) | eng | 12bc9f35-9f8f-4433-b34a-abe9d86024ad | http://sepehrcenter.com/EN/S_Education_en/sepehr_courses_hr_en.html |
The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) has awarded Professor and Center for Latino Adolescent and Family Health (CLAFH) Director Vincent Guilamo-Ramos a five-year, $1.5 million grant to implement a community-wide, evidence-based alcohol and opioid prevention program in the Mott Haven neighborhood of New York's South Bronx.
"Underage drinking and opioid use represent urgent national prevention priorities," said Dr. Guilamo-Ramos, "and nowhere more so than in the South Bronx, which is the country's poorest congressional district and a 'hotspot' for underage drinking and opioid overdoses."
The project, called Community Coalitions for Youth and Family Wellbeing, includes activities at the individual, family, and community level that are designed to saturate Mott Haven and achieve sustained, long-term change. At the individual level, the project team will administer brief alcohol/substance use screening and counseling for youth and provide active linkage to services where appropriate. At the family level, they will deliver two evidence-based programs for alcohol and substance use prevention to parents and primary caregivers. And at the community level, they will establish the first registered Opioid Overdose Prevention Program and substance use resource center in Mott Haven to dispense naloxone kits and train community members for overdose response; assemble Community Action Teams on underage drinking and opioid use; and launch a community-wide alcohol/substance use prevention/reduction social marketing campaign. Dr. Guilamo-Ramos and CLAFH research scientists Marco Thimm-Kaiser and Adam Benzekri will evaluate the impact of this five-year community-wide initiative. Dr. Holly Hagan, NYU Professor of Public Health and Director of the Center for Drug Use and HIV/HCV Research (CDUHR) will serve as the project's epidemiologist.
Dr. Guilamo-Ramos noted that nearly all of Mott Haven's approximately 100,000 residents are Latino or Black and a third are younger than 21. "Early, middle, and late adolescence represent optimal developmental periods for preventing and reducing alcohol and substance use," he said. "Consequently, the project is targeted to youth ages 9-20 years old."
The project is designed to directly reach 1,200 Mott Haven residents per year – or 6,000 over the course of the grant – and will indirectly reach many more through its development of an enduring, community-level alcohol and substance use prevention infrastructure. | eng | 17c12176-2061-48d5-a8c4-e5197c9d9d58 | https://socialwork.nyu.edu/news/2019/dr-vincent-guilamoramosawarded15millionsamhsagrantforyouthalcoho.html |
In conclusion, while "Anotha One" may seem like a harmless phrase, it is important to understand its cultural context and potential for harm. By using language thoughtfully and intentionally, we can work towards creating a more inclusive and equitable society for all.
"I just told my boss what I really think of them, Anotha One bites the dust."
"I just ran over a squirrel on my way to work, Anotha One dead animal on the road."
"Anotha One" slang phrase or word:
"I heard that the new COVID variant is spreading like wildfire, Anotha One to add to the list of things to worry about."
"My ex just got married to someone else, Anotha One bites the dust."
"I just scammed another person out of their life savings, Anotha One for the books." | eng | c19ccfd6-45b6-43b1-a1c7-93f27075beb8 | https://www.fastslang.com/anotha-one |
Living in a solar eclipse.
Each person exists trying to find their worth within it our opinions escalate as we stake claim of knowledge to determine their fate over shared and often over blown all we know is what has been shown the history of humanity determined by the writer rather than certain clarity facts often shredded by the ones most credited it's as if were all living in a permanent solar eclipse look to close to get a glimpse and your permanently blinded by the top rated figure head. | eng | 3c649b3b-4cbe-4da1-b771-0369333b3e7c | https://temperamentallytina.com/2021/02/14/living-in-a-solar-eclipse/ |
The Journey to Financial Independence: Key Steps to Start Today
What does it mean to be financially independent? Imagine a life where your decisions are not constrained by your economic circumstances—a life where you're free from the shackles of living paycheck to paycheck, where you're able to make choices based on your passions and dreams rather than the size of your bank account. This, in essence, is financial independence: the freedom to live life on your terms, supported by your financial resources.
The pursuit of financial independence is more than just a monetary quest. It's a journey of empowerment, self-improvement, and personal growth. It can open doors to new opportunities, provide a safety net in times of crisis, and offer a sense of peace and confidence about the future.
Embarking on the journey to financial independence may seem daunting, but with the right knowledge, tools, and mindset, it is a goal within your reach. This article will guide you through the key steps to get started on this transformative journey today.
Understanding Your Financial Situation
The first step in any journey is understanding where you currently stand. In the context of financial independence, this means assessing your current financial status. Do you know how much you earn, how much you spend, how much you save, and how much you owe? Understanding these key aspects of your finances is crucial to mapping your path towards financial independence.
Why is this understanding so important? Because financial independence is not about how much you earn—it's about how much you keep. By clearly comprehending your income, expenses, savings, and debts, you can identify opportunities for improvement, create effective financial plans, and monitor your progress towards your goals.
There are various tools and resources available to help you track your finances. These range from budgeting apps and online expense trackers to more traditional methods like keeping a financial journal or using spreadsheets. Find a system that works for you and commit to using it regularly.
Developing a Budget and Savings Plan
Once you have a firm grasp of your financial situation, the next step is to develop a budget and savings plan. A budget is more than just a financial tool—it's a reflection of your values and priorities. It allows you to take control of your money, rather than letting your money control you.
Savings play a vital role in achieving financial independence. They serve as the foundation upon which your financial future is built. Not only do savings provide a safety net for unexpected expenses, but they also give you the freedom to seize opportunities and make investments that can grow your wealth over time.
How can you save more and spend less? Here are a few techniques:
The 50/30/20 Rule: This rule suggests allocating 50% of your income for necessities, 30% for wants, and 20% for savings. It's a simple yet effective way to balance spending and saving.
Pay Yourself First: Make saving a priority. Set up automatic transfers to your savings account every payday, ensuring that saving isn't just an afterthought.
Cut Back on Non-Essentials: Identify areas of unnecessary spending and look for cheaper alternatives or consider cutting them out completely.
Remember, the journey to financial independence is not about deprivation—it's about making conscious decisions that align with your long-term goals. With the right budget and savings plan in place, you're well on your way to financial freedom.
Paying off Debt and Building Credit
A significant obstacle on the path to financial independence is debt. Different types of debt, such as student loans, credit card debt, mortgages, and auto loans, can act like anchors, weighing you down and hindering your progress. To navigate through, it's essential to understand each type of debt and develop a strategic plan to pay them off.
High-interest debts like credit card balances should be prioritized because of the significant financial drain they represent. A method such as the "debt avalanche" approach, where you tackle the debt with the highest interest first, can be particularly effective. For lower-interest, long-term debts like mortgages or student loans, ensure regular payments while focusing on other financial goals. The key is consistency and commitment.
Credit plays a surprisingly vital role in achieving financial independence. A good credit score can open doors to favourable loan terms, lower interest rates, and can even influence factors like insurance premiums. In essence, a good credit score saves you money, making your journey to financial independence smoother.
To improve your credit score, start by always paying your bills on time. Regular, on-time payments show you are reliable and can handle debt responsibly. Keep your credit utilization low – experts recommend using less than 30% of your available credit. Regularly review your credit report to ensure it is accurate and free from errors. Remember, improving your credit score is a marathon, not a sprint.
Investing for Financial Independence
Once you've mastered budgeting, saving, and credit management, it's time to focus on growing your wealth – and investing is a key strategy. Investing involves committing your money with the expectation of obtaining an additional income or profit. It's about making your money work for you, a crucial aspect of financial independence.
The world of investing can be intimidating, but understanding the basics can help. The core principle is to diversify your investments, or in other words, don't put all your eggs in one basket. This approach balances risk and can lead to more stable returns over time.
Investing is not an optional part of the journey towards financial independence; it's an essential one. Investments can provide an income stream that isn't tied to a regular 9-5 job. Over time, this income can grow to replace your salary entirely, leading to true financial independence.
Common investment options for beginners include stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and index funds. Each has its own risk and return profile, so it's important to choose based on your risk tolerance, investment goals, and time horizon.
Establishing Multiple Income Streams
Achieving financial independence isn't just about cutting costs and saving money—it's also about increasing your income. One way to do this is by establishing multiple income streams. These can be anything from a side gig or freelance work to rental income or dividends from investments.
Why are multiple income streams important? Because they provide financial security. If one source of income dries up, you have others to fall back on. It also speeds up the process of achieving financial independence, as more income means more money to save, invest, and use towards your financial goals.
So, how can you create additional income streams? Consider your skills, interests, and resources. Perhaps you could rent out a room on Airbnb, start a blog, offer freelance services, or invest in rental property. The possibilities are endless—it's about finding what works for you.
Passive income, where you earn money with little to no daily effort, plays a crucial role in financial independence. Examples include rental income, earnings from a blog or YouTube channel, or dividends from investments. The beauty of passive income is that it frees up your time, allowing you to focus on what truly matters to you.
Remember, the journey to financial independence isn't a race. It's a deeply personal journey that looks different for everyone. It's about making strategic decisions that align with your values and goals. With these key steps, you're well on your way to starting your journey to financial independence today.
FAQ
Welcome to our FAQ section! We've compiled a list of commonly asked questions to provide you with quick and informative answers.
A. What is financial independence?
Financial independence is the state of having sufficient personal wealth to live without the need for a regular income. This means your savings, investments, and other income streams are sufficient to cover your living expenses, allowing you to make choices based on preference and not economic necessity.
C. How can I reduce my expenses and save more?
Reducing expenses and saving more can be achieved by creating a realistic budget and sticking to it, identifying non-essential expenses and cutting back, looking for cheaper alternatives for goods and services, and implementing strategies like the 50/30/20 rule. Automating savings can also help ensure you consistently put money away.
D. How important is investing for financial independence?
Investing is a critical element in achieving financial independence. By investing, you allow your money to grow and work for you over time, often at a rate that outpaces inflation. This can create an additional income stream that isn't tied to a traditional job, and over time, these investment returns can grow large enough to fully cover your living expenses.
E. What are some ways to create additional income streams?
There are countless ways to create additional income streams. You could start a side business, do freelance or consulting work, rent out a spare room, invest in rental properties, or create digital products to sell online. In the investing world, dividends from stocks or interest from bonds are examples of passive income streams. The best choice depends on your skills, interests, and available resources.
In conclusion, Taking control of your financial future is an empowering journey that can fundamentally change your life. The path to financial independence involves understanding your current financial situation, developing a budget and savings plan, managing debt and building credit, investing wisely, and potentially establishing multiple income streams.
Achieving financial independence can liberate you from the constraints of living paycheck to paycheck and open doors to new possibilities and choices. It can provide you with the freedom to follow your passions, travel, spend quality time with your loved ones, or even retire early.
It's important to remember that the journey to financial independence is a personal one, and there's no one-size-fits-all approach. It's about finding strategies that work best for you and align with your values, goals, and lifestyle.
As you embark on this journey, be patient with yourself. Change takes time, but every step you take brings you closer to your goal. So why wait? Start your journey towards financial independence today, and embrace the potential of a future lived on your terms. | eng | d508d615-f312-4f6c-bcb7-848a3d57362d | https://cassandratoroianscholarship.com/the-journey-to-financial-independence-key-steps-to-start-today/ |
Developers sometimes talk about developing within a REPL, but what does that entail and why might you want to do that? I'll explore that topic in this post.
A quick primer on FSI
Briefly, a REPL is a "read-eval-print loop". It's a program which can read code given to it, evaluate the expressions, print out the results, and repeat (loop). The REPL for F# is F# interactive (often abbreviated to FSI). F# interactive keeps named values in its environment that can be accessed later. This allows you to, for example, bind some values, then later use those values as arguments to previously-bound function.
Incremental development
One useful thing you can do with FSI is build up a function in increments, testing each increment before working on the next and adding increments until the function is complete. This is particularly well-suited to pure calculation functions with some complexity.
Worked example
This idea is best illustrated with an example.
Problem description
Let's say that we have a collection of products whose prices we know for a previous year (the year might be different for each product). We know the year-on-year inflation that applied to this category of products in the past, and we have some inflation predictions given by experts for future years.
Given this information, we can calculate the price for the products in a given future year as follows:
For each product, consider the years after the year that we know the price for up to and including the target year.
Successively inflate the price by the relevant amount for each year, determined as follows.
For years where the inflation is known, simply use that inflation.
For years where the inflation is predicted, use the average of the predicted inflations as the assumed inflation.
To keep things simple, we will assume that we always have either historical or predicted inflation for every year between the year for which we know the product price and the target year.
Increments
We can build up a solution in increments. First we define some types and scaffold the function, so that we know where we're trying to get to:
Using some sample data, we've built up all the pieces that we need to implement the function. The last thing to do is to put them into the right place (and strip off the |> Seq.toArray lines that were only there to get FSI to show the results): | eng | be0aff2a-875e-421d-bd8e-0997e130f13b | https://www.compositional-it.com/news-blog/incremental-development-with-fsi/ |
USING this chart looking at years 2016 and 2017 I need to figure out the –
Return on Equity (Use three ratio DuPont method)
Then I must –
Compare and contrast your company's ratios to industry and competitor standard ratios obtained from Yahoo Finance, Morningstar, MotleyFool, Macroaxis or other Internet sources, and provide a detailed answer and analysis as to why your company's ratios are different than the industry/competitor standard. | eng | 3d78ae55-e5f4-46aa-b485-6f7a87c76a57 | https://www.exacthomework.com/downloads/compare-and-contrast-your-companys-ratios-to-industry-and-competitor-standard-ratios/ |
December 2022
By Jed Stefanowicz The Hour of Code and CSEd Week have come and gone. Now what? Part of the danger of such a spotlight is the shadow it casts on the rest of the year. Teachers have tweeted, students have coded, and certificates have been printed, but how can we foster sustained interest and engagement […]
"Even the classic acts of solving puzzles or sorting and stacking blocks systematically builds CT skills and agency in solving problems with independence." By Jed Stefanowicz Computational thinking (CT) is a critical classroom competency. Competency refers to the ability to apply skills, knowledge, or understanding to perform a task or accomplish a goal. As the tasks and […]
By Daphne McMenemy The last period of almost every day ends the same in our classroom. We have a snack, tidy up, pack up, and gather on the carpet to read a story together. It's the same scene every afternoon – a dozen or so kids are on the carpet waiting patiently at the rocking chair, a few are still | eng | b32d8047-c555-4d71-bd49-29ca49f1ac66 | http://brianaspinall.com/2022/12/ |
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Is This an Addiction?
Most people think about addictions in terms of the more common and harmful addictions: physically addictive substances like drugs, cigarettes and alcohol. However someone can also develop unhealthy psychological habits and addictions to many other things, such as: an abusive relationship, feeling guilty, sex, watching television, blaming other people, self-harm (cutting), feeling victimized, acting out in violence, eating, shopping, surfing the internet, adrenaline or working.
In order to fully understand addiction it is helpful to remember that humans are creatures of habit, learned habit. We develop habits in work and play, in how we relax and how we interact with people. We learn to indulge and reward ourselves with things that we enjoy. We learn how to comfort or distract ourselves from difficult or traumatic situations. We develop ways of coping and dealing with stress, anxiety, unpleasant relationships or intense feelings and thoughts.
Habit Turned Addiction
An addiction is a habit that has stopped being an active choice and is causing harm.
Some habits and ways of coping are positive and others are damaging. We can choose to do something in the moment that we know is not good for us in the long run, but we consciously make the choice to do it and feel in control about it. Sometimes we don't know better. Either way, a behaviour becomes a habit.
The problem is that habits, even if you know they are not healthy, can slowly become deeply ingrained within you and your personality to the point that they no longer are a choice and are out of your control. An addiction is a habit that has stopped being an active choice and more often then not is causing harm to your life and to those around you. The good news is that personal habits can change.
Learning healthy ways of coping and communicating about your difficult thoughts and personal troubles is very helpful in overcoming an addiction. A therapist at the Montreal Therapy Centre can help you initiate this process and regain control. Click here to book an appointment with a Montreal therapist. | eng | cf021793-4436-434f-890a-77caa4b88dc7 | https://www.montrealtherapy.com/is-this-an-addiction/ |
We have crafted an informative and comprehensive guide to help you choose the perfect dog collar for your furry friend. We understand that it can be overwhelming to pick the right collar with so many options available in the market. But worry not, as we have compiled a list of factors to consider when selecting a dog collar, which will make the process much easier for you.
Before we delve into the factors, let us first understand why a good dog collar is essential. A dog collar not only helps you keep your dog under control but also allows you to attach a leash for walks. Moreover, it provides a means of identification and enhances the overall look of your dog.
The most important factor to consider is the collar size. The collar should be snug around your dog's neck, but not too tight or loose. To get the right size, measure your dog's neck circumference and add two inches. Most collars come with size guides to help you find the perfect fit.
Material
Dog collars are available in various materials such as leather, nylon, and cotton. Leather is a durable and long-lasting option, while nylon is lightweight and easy to clean. Cotton collars are soft and comfortable, making them ideal for dogs with sensitive skin.
Style
Dog collars come in various styles such as buckle, martingale, and choke collars. Buckle collars are the most common and easy to use, while martingale collars provide more control over your dog without choking them. Choke collars, on the other hand, should only be used for training purposes under the guidance of a professional.
Purpose
Consider the purpose of the collar. If you plan to walk your dog at night, a reflective collar will ensure visibility. If your dog is a swimmer, a waterproof collar will be ideal. Additionally, if your dog has a tendency to pull, consider a no-pull harness for added control.
Lastly, the design of the collar is a personal preference. Choose a collar that complements your dog's personality and appearance. You can choose from a variety of colors, patterns, and embellishments.
Conclusion
Choosing the right dog collar is essential for your pet's safety and comfort. We hope this guide has provided you with the necessary information to select the perfect collar for your furry friend. Remember to prioritize the size, material, style, purpose, and design when making your selection. | eng | 6a9b12df-f333-4a76-9b12-f8c85f0b09e4 | https://availpets.com/new-pet-collar/ |
free indirect discourse
Critical Essay
The Use of Free Indirect Discourse and Juxtaposition in Wollstonecraft's "The Wrongs of Woman"
2 pages |400 words
In her book "The wrongs of Woman", Mary Wollstonecraft criticises the patriarchal society of the eighteenth century. She uses free indirect discourse and juxtaposition to show how unfair the marriage laws were and how they favoured men over women. She also criticises how women were treated as slaves in their marriages and how they were not allowed to have any say in what happened. This shows how unjust the society was at this time and how it needed to change. | eng | 6987957d-042b-4950-8228-d2561db954ee | https://crazywriters.com/essays/label/free-indirect-discourse/ |
Role of marketing and department of tesco
Write 4 page essay on the topic Discuss the role of marketing and the marketing department of tesco to illustarte the points you make.marketing department has to either seek new territories or new products or, most importantly, create new demand within an established market. Innovative ideas and affirmative action can generate new demand even for existing products. Initiatives like consumer loan schemes in association with banks, discounts, incentives, gift schemes, limited time offers and targeted promotion are the forte of marketing departments. Thus marketing plays a crucial role in any organisation.The famous four Ps (product-price-packaging-promotion) together with distribution and service form the tools of a marketing department. For successful marketing, it is necessary to understand the customer preferences for products, distribution logistics and strengths of competition. Customer preferences depend upon price, packaging and promotion. In all these matters, the marketing department has a vital role as it acts as the communication bridge between the customers' preferences and the company. It also constantly monitors distributor / retailer activity, their inputs regarding customers feedback on product quality, price and attractiveness. While these activities keep the marketing department on its toes all the time, there is the ever-present threat of newer products and newer players entering the market, taking away customers on the one hand and the demands of management for improved performance on the other. Within the allotted budget, marketing department has to maintain the existing market share and take actions for garnering new customers or entering new territories. These activities form the'challenging role' for any marketing department. 'Customer is the king' is the marketing mantra and the efficiency with which he is serviced will determine an organisation's success or failure.offering a basic product with variations in features, quality and packaging in order to service different customer segments. Obviously, this is intricately related | eng | 0fce5d1e-a773-4d34-acf8-a3b0e85219a6 | https://essaytyperplus.com/role-of-marketing-and-department-of-tesco/ |
Lal Beg
A cousin of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad and one of his childhood friends, Imam-ud-Din, became a mystic and was venerated by the Sweeper Community of Punjab as the re-incarnation of Lal Beg. Imam-ud-Din started an annual mela (festival) in Qadian where the Sweeper Community gathered and food was served. This was known as the Chuhra Mela (Festival of Sweepers).
This was the inspiration behind Jalsa Salana (annual convention) that was put in place by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad and he would proclaim about how more people came to his convention compared to those that came to his cousin's.
A: Some say that Lal Beg was actually Lal Bhikku, who could have been a Buddhist saint. If you read the prayers of the sweeper community of northern India which are dedicated to Lal Beg you get a very interesting picture. These prayers are called Kursi Namas. They were collected together by Youngson and published in The Indian Antiquaries. They read like the first book of the Genesis in the Old Testament, tracing the lineage of our heroes. The Kursi Namas very clearly tell us that the sweepers are neither Hindus nor Muslims. There is no mention of any Hindu gods like Rama or Krishna in them. But, very interestingly, the Kursi Namas all begin with the Qur'anic invocation Bismillah-ir-Rahman-ir-Rahim ('In the Name of Allah, the Most Merciful, the Most Compassionate'), which is the standard Islamic form with which every verse of the Qur'an but one begins. And, they all end with the cry, which again is very Islamic, of 'Bolo Momino Vohi Ek Hai!' [ Say, O believers, that He alone is the One True Being! ].
Now, at several places in the Kursi Namas, the names Lal Beg and Bala Shah are used interchangeably. Bala Shah was a leading Punjabi Sufi saint. The Punjabi Sufi Waris Shah writes in his Heer, which is really an encyclopedia of the Punjab of his times, that Bala Shah was the Pir or Sufi preceptor of two so-called low castes, the sweepers or Chuhras and the Pasis Bala Pir Ai Churiyan Pasiyan Da.
Q: Are the sweepers still aware of this tradition?
A: Unfortunately, very few are, and this tradition is fast disappearing. One reason is because Hindu organisations have been sparing no effort to absorb the sweepers into the Hindu fold so as to increase Hindu numbers. They were afraid that otherwise the sweepers would all convert to Christianity, a process that began in 1873 and continued right until 1931. So, they used all means to prevent the conversion of the sweepers. As part of this broader agenda, they started selling the story that the sweepers are actually Valmikis, descendants of Valmiki, the author of the Ramayana. In order to convince the sweepers of their claims, they argued that Bala Shah, the other name for Lal Beg, was actually just a corrupted form of the name Valmiki. | eng | ca7402d6-f74e-4ed3-bba3-a515cc081462 | https://wiki.qern.org/mirza-ghulam-ahmad/career/lal-beg |
By design, glue is the proven magic that unites. As if by magic, Picătura not only fixes broken things, but helps you preserve their story. Fixing an object, you restore a timeline. And the object's story goes on.
The Idea
Looking at at a pair of broken glasses won't mean much for our people. What matters is the story. Imagine the same glasses worn loose by a grandfather staring closely at the TV set on the weather channel, trying to figure out what to wear this morning to walk his grandson to the kindergarten. We don't show (the moment) something is broken, we tell the story of what has been fixed and the bond that has been reinforced. | eng | 59f9f96c-d2cb-40be-85af-dcf7efa4b662 | https://mishteaux.com/portfolio/item/picatura/ |
Convert 129 CM to Inches
1 centimeter is how many inches?
Do you wanna to convert 129 cm into a result in inches? first, you should get the result how many inches one cm represents.
You may use this conversion from cm to inches to calculate the conversion.
Meaning of centimeter
Centimeters or centimetres is the unit of measurement for length in metric systems. Its symbol is cm. Globally, the international system of unit is used to define the meters, the CM is not. A centimeter is equivalent to 100 meters. It is also 39.37 in.
What is Inch?
An Anglo-American measure for length is the inch (its symbol is in).. Its symbol is in. In a variety of different European local languages, the term "inch" is identical to or comes from "thumb". The thumb of a man is about an inch wide.
Electronic components, for example, the dimension of the tablet screen.
Size of car or truck tires.
How Do I Calculate 129 centimeters to inches?
Convert inches into centimeters using the cm converter. This simple principle is used to translate cm to inches.
You now fully understand for centimeters to inches from the above. These questions can be answered using the formula: | eng | 7f8cd0d3-1841-430a-aff0-5c83e656abbb | https://utzx.com/units/convert-129-cm-to-inches/ |
Abstract
Increasing summer temperatures in a warming climate will increase the exposure of the UK population to heat-stress and associated heat-related mortality. Urban inhabitants are particularly at risk, as urban areas are often significantly warmer than rural areas as a result of the urban heat island phenomenon. The latest UK Climate Projections include an ensemble of convection-permitting model (CPM) simulations which provide credible climate information at the city-scale, the first of their kind for national climate scenarios. Using a newly developed urban signal extraction technique, we quantify the urban influence on present-day (1981–2000) and future (2061–2080) temperature extremes in the CPM compared to the coarser resolution regional climate model (RCM) simulations over UK cities. We find that the urban influence in these models is markedly different, with the magnitude of night-time urban heat islands overestimated in the RCM, significantly for the warmest nights (up to \(4~^{\circ }\)C), while the CPM agrees much better with observations. This improvement is driven by the improved land-surface representation and more sophisticated urban scheme MORUSES employed by the CPM, which distinguishes street canyons and roofs. In future, there is a strong amplification of the urban influence in the RCM, whilst there is little change in the CPM. We find that future changes in soil moisture play an important role in the magnitude of the urban influence, highlighting the importance of the accurate representation of land-surface and hydrological processes for urban heat island studies. The results indicate that the CPM provides more reliable urban temperature projections, due at least in part to the improved urban scheme.
Working on a manuscript?
1 Introduction
In a warming climate, the proportion of the UK population that will be exposed to heat stress and therefore heat-related mortality risk is expected to increase (Hajat et al. 2014; Heaviside et al. 2016; Vicedo-Cabrera et al. 2018; Lo et al. 2019). As well as having high population densities, urban areas are often significantly warmer than surrounding rural areas as a result of the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon (Oke 1982; Arnfield 2003), meaning they are particularly sensitive to extreme temperatures. During the 2003 European summer heatwave, it was estimated that there were 2091 excess deaths in the UK, including 616 in London and 130 in the West Midlands region (Johnson et al. 2005), of which \(52\%\) were attributable to the UHI (Heaviside et al. 2016). By 2050, \(90\%\) of the UK population is projected to live within urban areas (UN DESA/Population Division 2018). It is therefore essential to understand how climate change will impact urban climates, particularly temperature extremes.
The latest generation of climate models, such as the UK Climate Projections (UKCP) Local (2.2 km) projections, recently released by the UK Met Office (Kendon et al. 2019), are now being run at a similar resolution to operational weather forecast models. At km-scales, the land surface atmosphere exchange in cities is much better resolved. This represents a step change in climate modelling capability and allows, for the first time, credible urban climate information at the city-scale. This is essential to inform policy makers of expected changes to urban climates, and could be used by health agencies and urban planners to mitigate future climate risks.
1.1 Urban climates
Urban areas modify their local climate by altering the surface energy balance (Oke 1982; Arnfield 2003; Bohnenstengel et al. 2011). The convoluted form of urban surface areas (i.e., street canyons), results in a larger surface area in contact with the atmosphere, leading to additional absorption, reflection and emission of radiation, and turbulent flux exchanges compared to a planar area. The impact of street canyons can result in a lower effective albedo at canyon top than the urban surface material albedo. Usually, the effective albedo of a canyon is reduced compared to a planar surface with similar material properties and albedo leading to more effective absorption of radiation (direct and diffuse) during daytime (Masson 2000; Oke et al. 2017). During the night, a reduction in the efficiency of longwave emission leads to heat being trapped within the urban canopy. Urban materials and the urban canopy are characterised by large heat capacities and a large thermal inertia, respectively, leading to storage of energy during the daytime that can be released back into the atmosphere at night (Bohnenstengel et al. 2011). In addition, non-porous urban surfaces promote surface run-off which, combined with reduced vegetation in some cities, limits the cooling effect of evapotranspiration and alters the timing and amplitude of sensible heat fluxes throughout the course of the day (Oke 2002; Bohnenstengel et al. 2011). The urban canopy has a larger thermal inertia than rural vegetated areas and maintains a positive sensible heat flux late into the night due to the thermal inertia offsetting the radiative cooling of the surfaces, contributing to the UHI effect. Anthropogenic heat sources, such as those from heating and air conditioning also contribute (Allen et al. 2011; Sailor 2011; Bohnenstengel et al. 2014).
During the day, urban areas store incoming solar radiation and the urban fabric warms. Once the urban fabric is warmer than the atmosphere, a sensible heat flux starts to warm the atmosphere; the phase of the sensible heat flux is moderated by the heat capacity of the urban fabric. The rural land surface is characterised by a smaller heat capacity and therefore warms up more quickly during the day, leading to a positive sensible heat flux earlier in the day. At night, the small heat capacity of the rural land surface means that less energy is available to offset radiative cooling. In an urban environment, however, the larger heat capacity offsets the radiative cooling for longer which in turn leads to a prolonged positive sensible heat flux and higher air temperatures at night.
The UHI effect is most pronounced during calm and clear nights when local effects dominate the boundary layer structure (Oke 2002). The magnitude of the UHI is often quantified in terms of the urban heat island index (UHII), an estimate of the urban increment on local climate. In the UK, night-time UHIIs up to \(7~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) have been observed for London (Watkins et al. 2002; Wilby 2003) and \(5~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) for Birmingham (Heaviside et al. 2015). In Manchester, daytime UHIIs of \(3~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) and night-time UHIIs of \(5~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) for summer days have been observed (Smith et al. 2011). In general, the intensity of urban heat island effect is largest for night-time minimum temperatures, which is important for public health because warm nights limit relief and inhibit recovery from heat stress during the daytime [e.g., Fischer and Schär (2010)].
A number of studies have attempted to quantify changes in UK urban climates under climate change, with mixed results. By coupling a simple urban scheme to a regional climate model, McCarthy et al. (2012) investigated future changes in rural and urban temperatures in a regional climate model and found that rural and urban temperatures increased by similar amounts during both the daytime and night-time, with the daytime London UHII decreasing by \(0.1~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) or less by 2050 and the nocturnal UHII unchanged. However, by incorporating a parameterisation for urban surfaces into the Community Land Model as part of the Community Climate System Model, Oleson et al. (2011) examined changes in global urban and rural temperatures out to the end of the 21st century. They found that although both urban and rural areas warm substantially, rural areas warm slightly more than urban, particularly at night due to different responses of rural and urban areas to increased long-wave radiation from a warmer atmosphere, resulting in a decrease in the UHII. Using the UKCP18 12 km regional climate projections, Lo et al. (2020) estimate 1981−2079 trends in summer daytime and night-time urban and rural temperatures for the 10 largest UK cities by population. They find that night-time temperatures are set to increase more rapidly, and daytime temperatures more slowly, for urban areas compared to rural areas. This net effect is an enhancement of the night-time UHI by 0.01–\(0.05~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) per decade in all cities, in contrast to the decrease in urban and rural contrast found by Oleson et al. (2011). The opposite is found for daytime temperatures with rural temperatures warming more than urban temperatures, leading to decrease in the daytime UHI intensity of between \(-0.004\) and \(-0.05~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) per decade for all but one city.
There is a lack of consensus on future changes in rural and urban warming and the urban influence on those changes. In this paper, we analyse the latest UK Climate Projections to investigate the urban influence on extreme temperatures, and how it is expected to change in future.
2 The UK climate projections
UKCP18 are the latest set of climate projections for the UK, recently released by the UK Met Office and include probabilistic projections, new global projections and higher resolution Regional (European) projections (Lowe et al. 2018; Murphy et al. 2018). These were designed to replace the previous UKCP09 scenarios (Jenkins et al. 2010). In addition, a new set of Local (UK) "convection-permitting" model (CPM) projections were released in September 2019, providing even higher resolution and new capability in terms of local extremes. The Global projections consist of 28 realisations, 15 of which are from a perturbed parameter ensemble (PPE) of the Hadley Centre coupled model HadGEM3-GC3.05 and 13 of which are selected members from the CMIP5 set (Murphy et al. 2018). The UKCP Regional projections consist of 12 PPE members at 12 km horizontal resolution over a European domain, driven by members of the Hadley Centre global model PPE. The UKCP CPM projections consist of a 12-member ensemble at 2.2 km horizontal resolution, driven at the boundaries by the 12 km Regional Climate Model (RCM). The CPM is based on the operational UKV model used for weather forecasting, and due to its high resolution is able to better represent small scale processes in the atmosphere (Kendon et al. 2019). This includes convection, which is represented explicitly in the CPM without the need for a parameterisation scheme, leading to a better representation of hourly rainfall including extremes [e.g., Kendon et al. (2014)]. The 2.2 km grid spacing also allows surface features to be better resolved including mountains, coastlines and cities. The CPM ensemble gives a first estimate of uncertainty in future changes at local and hourly scales. Specifically, it samples uncertainty in the large-scale conditions arising from uncertainty in the driving global and regional models and uncertainties arising from internal climate variability, but not uncertainty in the convective-scale model physics itself. The projections analysed here are based on the RCP8.5 scenario (Murphy et al. 2018).
2.1 Key differences between the CPM and RCM configurations
While the RCM and CPM share the majority of their main physical components, there are some notable differences between the model configurations. One of these is their representation of the urban surface. Both use the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator [JULES, Best et al. (2011)] to model land surface and sub-surface soil processes. This uses a land-surface tiling scheme, where the surface energy balance is calculated separately for each surface tile and then aggregated using the blending height concept (Essery et al. 2003) to give grid box averaged fluxes. The grid box average flux then provides the lower boundary condition to the first atmospheric model level. The RCM uses a single slab tile to represent urban areas using the Best (2005) urban scheme. Here, the standard surface energy balance equation for vegetative surfaces is used but with modified parameters that are appropriate for an urban surface, such as reduced albedo and increased heat storage capacity. In contrast, the CPM takes a more sophisticated approach, using the Met Office Reading Urban Surface Exchange Scheme (MORUSES). Two urban tiles are used to represent street canyon and roof facets (Porson et al. 2010a, b), allowing the surface energy balances to be calculated separately for the street canyon and roof, including differences in their heat storage capacity. The surface energy balance for the canyon and for the roof depends on effective surface parameters calculated from the morphology and material properties of different cities (Porson et al. 2010a). Using this approach, the radiative exchange within the street canyon is represented by bulk, effective values of the albedo and emissivity, accounting for shadowing and multiple reflections (Harman et al. 2004b; Porson et al. 2010a). Turbulent scalar fluxes are represented with a resistance network, which accounts for the recirculating flow set up in the street (Harman et al. 2004a), while storage of heat by building surfaces is represented by a thermal reservoir that depends on urban geometry and surface properties (Porson et al. 2010a). Unlike the Best (2005) scheme, anthropogenic heat emissions are included, ranging from a minimum of \(\approx 17\,\hbox {Wm}^{-2}\) in August to a maximum of \(\approx 26\,\hbox {Wm}^{-2}\) in December, scaled by the urban fraction (Hertwig et al. 2020).
Fig. 1
Urban fractions in the IGBP (left) and CEH (middle) land cover datasets, and difference between them (right)
Land cover in the CPM is defined from the high-resolution (25 m) Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH) land cover dataset (Fuller et al. 1994), which uses Institute of Terrestrial Ecology Landsat-derived cover types over Great Britain and 1 km resolution International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) dataset (Walters et al. (2019) and references therein) for the rest of the UK. The RCM uses the IGBP land-cover for all of the UK. The difference between the urban fractions in these datasets is shown in Fig. 1. In general, IGBP urban fractions for cities in the UK are larger in magnitude and extent than in the CEH dataset. Land use varies through time in both the CPM and RCM, although the urban fraction is held constant. In particular, the fractions of grasses and trees vary as prescribed by a time-varying component, and given differences in the baseline land cover dataset this can lead to differences in the land use changes between the CPM and RCM, as described in Kendon et al. (2019). Full details of model differences can be found in (Kendon et al. 2019).
Fig. 2
a 99th percentile of summer (JJA) daily maximum temperatures in the NCIC observations and ensemble mean 99th percentile for the b RCM and c CPM for 1981−2000. Panels d–f show the difference between the CPM and RCM, and the RCM and CPM biases respectively
3 Summer daily temperature extremes
First, we examine how well each model represents daily temperature extremes of the present-day climate (1981–2000). Figure 2 shows the 99th percentile of summer (JJA) daily maximum temperatures for the UK in the CPM and RCM, compared to National Climate Information Centre (NCIC) gridded climate observations for the UK, HadUK-Grid (Hollis et al. 2019). While the NCIC temperatures are available on 1 km grid, they, and the 2.2 km CPM data have been regridded to 12 km for like-for-like comparisons between the datasets. The 99th percentile corresponds to approximately the hottest day in a typical summer, so are referred to as hot days hereafter. Both models accurately represent the spatial distributions of hottest day temperatures, however, temperatures in the RCM are too cool across the whole UK, particularly Scotland, while in the CPM they are too cool in northern England and Scotland and too warm in the southern and eastern England. Hottest day temperatures in the RCM and CPM are similar across northern England and Scotland, but the CPM is warmer by 1−2 \(~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) across southern and eastern England.
Figure 3 shows the same as Fig. 2, but for the 99th percentile of JJA daily minimum temperatures (warm nights). As expected, the urban heat island effect is more pronounced in the minimum temperatures (Oke 2002). Urban areas are significantly warmer in the RCM than both the observations and the CPM, with most major UK cities clearly visible against their surrounding rural temperatures. RCM biases over London are in excess of \(2~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\), while Birmingham, Manchester and Leeds are > 1 \(~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) warmer than observations. The CPM has a slight warm bias (\(\approx 0.5~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\)) in hot summer nights across most of the country, while hot nights in the RCM are typically cooler (\(\approx 1~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\)) across rural areas in all but the south east of England, where it is \(\approx 0.5~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) warmer. In the CPM, London is too warm by \(\approx\) 0.5−1 \(~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) compared to observations. Warm summer nights are warmer across the whole UK compared to the RCM, except over major UK cities where they are up to \(1~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) cooler.
In order to investigate the urban influence on hot summer days and warm summer nights, a new technique has been developed that enables the extraction of the urban signal in gridded datasets.
4 Urban signal extraction
In this section, a new method is described that allows the urban influence on temperature to be extracted for all grid boxes by producing an estimate of the rural temperature at the locations of urban areas across the UK. The process is as follows:
1.
Urban areas are identified as grid boxes where the sub-grid scale impervious urban land cover fraction (from the respective land cover information i.e., IGBP or CEH) exceeds a certain threshold. Here, we use a threshold of 0.1, as it was found to accurately identify major UK urban areas (the sensitivity to this choice is discussed in Sect. 7). These urban areas, as well as sea points are then masked.
2.
A linear interpolation is then performed, using the remaining "rural" land grid boxes to estimate the missing values (corresponding to the urban areas) to create a rural-reference dataset.
3.
The difference between the original and rural-reference datasets is the urban influence on temperature at each grid point.
This method has several advantages over existing methodologies. Firstly, it allows for the urban influence to be extracted for any urban area, regardless of its size or location. It also avoids the requirement to choose appropriate rural and urban reference points, which can be situated tens of km apart and be affected by other local meteorological factors. Instead, this method provides co-located (and therefore spatially consistent) urban and rural temperature estimates. In what follows, this methodology is applied at the native resolution of each dataset, before the extracted urban signals are regridded to 12 km for comparison. The limitations of this method are discussed in Sect. 7.
Fig. 4
Present-day and future changes in summer hot days for the urban and rural-reference temperature datasets for the RCM and CPM (see text for definition). Panels i and k show the urban signal, calculated as the difference between the original and rural-reference datasets, and j and l future changes in the urban signal for the RCM and CPM respectively
5 Urban influence on present-day and future extreme temperatures
In this section, we apply the above technique to extract the urban influence on daily maximum and minimum temperatures on each day in the present-day and future (2061–2080) timeslices. Figure 4 shows the present-day and projected changes in ensemble-mean temperature on hot summer days (defined as days when the maximum temperature exceeds the 99th percentile during JJA). The rural-reference temperatures are the mean of the rural-reference temperature dataset sub-sampled on these days. This analysis neglects the fact that daily minimum and maximum temperatures can occur at different times for urban and rural areas, with diurnal cycle phasing differences and their impact on UHII estimates explored in Sect. 6.2. Note to correct for positional errors in the IGBP land-use data used in the RCM (Husak et al. 1999), a systematic shift of 3.5 km east and 3.5 km south (Stuart Webster, personal communication) is applied to the RCM. The shifted RCM data is then linearly interpolated back onto the original RCM grid before comparison with the CPM or observations. The upshot of this is that urban fractions and temperatures (and therefore urban signals) are smoothed, resulting in them likely being slightly underestimated in the RCM. In the RCM, in the present-day, urban temperatures over London, Manchester and Leeds are \(>1~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) warmer than rural temperatures (panel i). In terms of future changes, rural temperatures are projected to increase by 8–\(9~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) across southern and southwestern UK and between 6–\(8~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) elsewhere. However, for the urban signal, there are clear local minima in the projected changes in the cities of Leeds, Manchester and, particularly, London, with rural areas warming more than urban areas by \(\approx\) 1–1.5\(~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) (panel j). This differential warming, and associated reduction of the daytime UHII for these cities is consistent with the results of (Lo et al. 2020) which note similar behaviour in the UKCP RCM. However, the behaviour in the CPM is quite different. In the present-day, the hottest days are typically warmer than the RCM, potentially the result of drier soils in the CPM (Kendon et al. 2019). Urban temperatures are \(\approx\) 0.5–1\(~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) warmer than rural temperatures (panel k). In future, urban and rural temperatures are projected to increase by similar amounts, resulting in a negligible future change in the urban signal (panel l). Rural-reference temperatures increase relatively more in the RCM than in the CPM across much of England, which is related to the larger drying of future RCM soils compared to the CPM (see Sect. 7). The UHII signals are larger in area and magnitude in the RCM than the CPM, which is likely caused by a combination of the different land cover datasets (which explains the different urban area spatial extent in the RCM over Great Britain) as well as the impact of the different urban schemes used in these models (see Sect. 2.1). This will be discussed further in Sect. 7.
Present-day and projected changes in daily minimum temperatures are shown in Fig. 5. Small dips in the rural-reference temperatures that can be seen over some cities relate to the mismatch in timing between when warm nights occur for urban and rural points, as described above. However, in the context of the urban signal, these are small. In the RCM, night-time urban temperatures are significantly warmer than rural temperatures with most major UK cities between 2 and \(5~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) warmer than surrounding rural areas (panel i). Rural temperatures are projected to warm the most across the southern UK (\(\approx\)\(5~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\)), decreasing to \(4~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) for northern UK and 3.5\(~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) for Scotland. The projected changes in the urban temperatures are consistently up to \(1~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) larger than the rural changes for most major UK cities (panel j). For the CPM, major cities in the present-day are up to \(1.5~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) warmer than their surroundings (panel k). In the future, both urban and rural minimum temperatures are projected to increase by 4–\(5~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\). There is some evidence of a greater warming of \(\approx 0.5~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) for central London and Manchester compared to rural areas, however for all other cities the change in the urban signal is small (\(<0.2~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\)). Compared to the RCM, the urban signal in the CPM is significantly less (approximately a factor of 3). Interestingly, unlike the RCM, there is not a strong amplification of the urban effect in the CPM in the future. This behaviour is likely driven by different representation of urban processes in the MORUSES urban scheme used by the CPM. In Sect. 6.2, the diurnal cycles of urban signals are investigated in order to better understand the underlying processes that are responsible for this behaviour.
Average annual frequency of hot days and warm nights for London, Birmingham and Manchester for NCIC observations (black), RCM (blue) and CPM (red). Lighter colours indicate frequency of occurrence of rural hot days/warm nights. See text for hot day and warm night definitions
5.1 Urban influence on present-day and future hot days and warm nights
Figure 6 shows a comparison of the annual frequency of occurrence of hot summer days and warm nights in both the urban and rural-background datasets for the three largest UK cities by population: Greater London, Birmingham and Greater Manchester. Hot days are defined as days that the city-average daily maximum temperature exceeds the 99th percentile of the city-average 1981–2000 rural-background daily maximum temperatures, produced using the method in Sect. 4. Warm summer nights are defined similarly but against daily minimum temperatures. City grid boxes are extracted using city boundaries defined by the Office for National Statistics (Office for National Statistics 2013), where there is an overlap between the city's shapefile and the model grid box of more than 0.5. Since the ITE land-use dataset used in the CPM is known to be more accurate than IGBP, we use the CPM urban fractions to derive observed estimates of the UHII (NCIC-cpm). NCIC daily maximum and minimum temperature datasets were remapped from 1 km to the 2.2 km CPM grid, before extracting the urban signal and remapping that to the 12 km RCM grid.
By definition, the number of rural hot days and warm nights is 1 for the present-day, so is not shown. The number of hot days is correctly reproduced by both models for rural and urban areas to within 1 per year for all cities. The greatest increase in the number of hot days is in the RCM over London, with rural and urban hot days increasing from 1 to 25 and 2 to 29 respectively. In terms of future changes, the number of hot days increases by a similar number for both urban and rural areas in the CPM for all three cities. The increase in the number of hot days is larger over urban areas for London and Manchester, while for Birmingham the increase in the number of rural hot days is larger (+ 1) than urban hot days. For all cities, the number of hot urban and rural days increases more in the RCM than the CPM.
For all cities, there are too many warm nights over urban areas in the RCM compared to observations by a factor of 2–3, whereas the CPM correctly captures the number of warm nights. In future, the number of warm urban and rural nights increases considerably. The increase in warm nights is always greater over urban than rural areas, and urban warm night frequency increases are always greater in the RCM. The largest increases are seen in London with an increase of 29 and 31 rural warm nights and 39 and 50 warm urban nights in the CPM and RCM respectively. This indicates that between one- and almost two-thirds of future summertime nights will be warm nights. Interestingly, despite the large difference in the frequencies of warm urban nights in the RCM and the CPM, the absolute increase in the number of warm rural nights is similar. Given the better agreement of both models with observed estimates of warm rural nights and the CPM with observed estimates of warm urban nights, this suggests that urban areas in the RCM are too strongly influencing local temperatures.
6 Understanding the urban influence
6.1 Variation of the UHII with daily temperature
To further investigate this model behaviour, in this section we study the urban influence not only during temperature extremes, but in a climatological sense as a function of city temperature. To obtain city-average estimates of the UHII, a time-series of city-average daily maximum or minimum temperatures is first created for each city (extracted using shapefiles, as described in Sect. 5.1). Then, on days on which the city-average temperature falls within each climatological percentile bin, the corresponding city-average UHII values on those days are subsampled. For the model estimates, this is done for each member, and the ensemble mean is taken.
Figure 7 compares observed and UKCP daytime and night-time UHII estimates for Greater London, Birmingham and Greater Manchester. As indicated by Fig. 2 and 3 , the daytime UHII (top) is significantly lower compared to the night-time UHII (bottom). For the present-day daytime over London and Manchester, there is a gradual increase in the UHII with increasing city temperature in the RCM up to \(\approx 1~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) for the 99th percentile. Meanwhile, for all cities, the CPM daytime UHII is less than \(1~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) for all temperature percentiles, slightly overestimating compared to NCIC-cpm estimates. However, the CPM correctly represents the consistent strength of the urban influence with increasing city temperature. In future, CPM UHII estimates are unchanged for all London and Birmingham city temperature percentiles, but exhibit a slight decrease for the warmest days over Manchester. This is in contrast to the RCM, where, particularly for London and Birmingham, the UHII decreases with increasing city temperature (as much as \(1~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) for the hottest days). The urban influence on night-time city temperature extremes (top panels) is markedly different in the RCM compared to the CPM and observations. For the present-day in all three cities, the UHII is overestimated in the RCM for all city temperature percentiles, but this overestimation rapidly increases above the 90th percentile of night-time temperatures. For London, the UHII for the warmest nights is \(4.5~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) for London, 3.5 °C for Birmingham and \(4~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) for Manchester, compared to observed estimates closer to \(0.5~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\). While the UHII is largest for the hottest nights in the CPM, the increase in UHII with temperature is smaller and more similar in magnitude to observed UHII estimates. In future, the behaviour of the RCM is amplified, with a further increase in the UHII with increasing city temperature for all cities by up to \(1~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\). While there is a slight reduction in future CPM UHII for the hottest days over Manchester, for both London and Birmingham it is unchanged. These figures provide strong evidence that the RCM is not correctly representing the urban influence, particularly for the warmest nights.
Fig. 8
Diurnal cycles of urban and rural temperatures on hot days (top panels) and future changes in urban and rural diurnal cycles on hot days (bottom panels) for the RCM (squares) and CPM (circles), for London, Birmingham and Manchester. Marker colours indicates the urban influence
6.2 Diurnal cycle of the urban influence
Until now, we have focused exclusively on daily maximum and minimum temperatures. In this section, we study hourly temperature, including the diurnal cycle of the urban influence for these cities. Figure 8 shows the average CPM and RCM diurnal cycles on the hottest days for each city, defined as when the city-average daily-maximum temperature exceeds the 99th percentile, coloured by the city-averaged urban signal for each hour on these days. For all cities, the CPM peak temperatures are larger than the RCM and the timing earlier. This is because the higher thermal inertia in urban areas in the RCM reduces the amplitude and delays the phasing of the sensible heat flux. There is a clear diurnal cycle of the urban signal in the RCM, with urban areas much warmer than surrounding rural areas from mid-afternoon until sunrise the following morning. An urban 'cool island" effect is observed for Greater London and Birmingham after sunrise, where the higher thermal inertia of the urban fabric results in slower warming compared to the rural surroundings. In the CPM, a small but positive urban heat island effect is observed from mid-afternoon until sunrise the following day for all cities, but the urban area warms at a more similar rate to rural surroundings after sunrise, resulting in a comparatively small urban signal. This behaviour, and the larger peak temperatures in the CPM are likely the result of the separate treatment of roofs (which have thermal properties more similar to rural areas) and street canyons in the MORUSES urban scheme, which results in earlier phasing and larger amplitude of the sensible heat fluxes. Unlike in the RCM, an urban cool island does not typically occur in the CPM. In general, the one-tile urban scheme in the RCM causes the sensible heat flux to become positive too late in the morning and the more flexible MORUSES scheme in the CPM allows an earlier increase in the sensible heat flux after the morning transition due to the more rapid warming of the roof (Oke 2002; Bohnenstengel et al. 2011). After reaching maximum temperatures, urban temperatures decrease more slowly than rural areas, but more rapidly compared to the RCM, resulting in a smaller UHI effect. The diurnal temperature range is also larger in the CPM than the RCM, which is mostly the result of the warmer maximum temperatures and the ability of the roof tile to warm up more quickly than the urban slab in the RCM.
In terms of future changes, all cities show a larger warming around peak temperatures in the CPM compared to the RCM. For Greater London, night-time temperatures (between 18:30 and 07:30 UTC) are projected to increase more in the RCM than the CPM. After sunrise, future changes in urban temperatures increase more in the CPM than the RCM, while the urban influence decreases in the RCM. Interestingly, the magnitude of the future changes in urban influence in the RCM are similar in magnitude to the differences in absolute changes between the CPM and RCM. This suggests that the urban influence in the RCM is dampening the future diurnal cycle, resulting in smaller future increases of daytime temperatures and larger increases in night-time temperatures than in the CPM. For Birmingham, the RCM urban temperatures increase by similar amounts to the CPM, however, the urban signal is reduced for most hours of the day. For Manchester, the difference between the CPM and RCM warming magnitudes is largest, with CPM temperatures warming by as much as \(2~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) more than the RCM during the afternoon. Similar behaviour to Greater London in terms of an increased urban heat island at night and cool-island during the early morning is observed. A small decrease in the future urban influence in the CPM is observed mid-morning (09:30 UTC) for London, but for all other hours and cities it is unchanged.
7 Discussion
The results presented here illustrate a clear difference in the urban influence on temperature extremes in the RCM and CPM, particularly during the warmest nights. Temperatures in the RCM are influenced much more strongly by urban areas compared to the CPM or observations. Understanding this behaviour is important, as correctly quantifying changes to the frequency and severity of temperature extremes for warm nights is needed in order to understand future exposure of urban inhabitants to heat-stress. The better agreement of the urban signal in the CPM with observations during the hottest days and warmest nights is likely driven by a combination of the improved CEH (ITE) land-cover dataset and the MORUSES urban scheme used, which is known to more accurately capture the amplitude and phase of the sensible heat fluxes (Bohnenstengel et al. 2011, 2014; Murphy et al. 2018) than the simpler (Best 2005) one-tile scheme (Hertwig et al. 2020). The improved phasing of the sensible heat flux in MORUSES is driven by the separate representation of roofs and street canyons. Roofs are characterised by a small thermal inertia, meaning they warm up more rapidly than street canyons and at a more similar rate to rural surfaces. This advances the timing of the grid-box average sensible heat flux, reducing the urban/rural contrast hence the magnitude of the urban signal. This is in contrast to the Best (2005) scheme, which uses a large, fixed value for the bulk area heat capacity of 0.28 \(\hbox {MJK}^{-1}\hbox {m}^{-2}\); a large thermal inertia dampens the sensible heat flux diurnal cycle leading to a lower, but later peak which likely causes the strong night-time UHII effect. The large thermal inertia of urban areas in the RCM is likely responsible for the producing the urban cool island effect seen in Fig. 8 for London and Birmingham. The influence of urban areas in the RCM is too strong despite the omission of anthropogenic heat flux in the (Best 2005) scheme.
Another key driver of urban influence difference is the different land-cover datasets used by each model. Typically, city urban fractions are larger in the IGBP dataset compared with the CEH dataset (Fig. 1). Urban classification within the IGBP dataset is known to be questionable (Loveland et al. 2000), based on outdated maps from the 1960s to 1980s (Danko 1992), further supporting the use of the CPM over RCM. However, this difference in land-cover dataset alone does not explain the larger urban influence in the RCM. Figure S1 shows how, for a given urban fraction, the 99th percentile of both daytime and night-time UHII tends to be much larger in the RCM than the CPM (note that this is not the same metric as that described in Sect. 5 and shown in Figs. 4 and 5). However, such a comparison does not account for other land cover differences between the two datasets that will alter the atmospheric response, nor differences in the boundary layer depth over which heat is mixed, or the effect of advection and history of an air mass approaching an urban area, which are important (Bohnenstengel et al. 2011). The MORUSES urban morphology is based on empirical polynomial relations (Bohnenstengel et al. 2011) derived from high-resolution 3D Virtual London dataset (Evans et al. 2006). The low biases in the hottest days and warmest nights (Figs. 2 and 3) in the CPM over urban areas suggests these relationships are applicable to other UK cities. However, note that modelled temperatures are representative of temperatures somewhere above roof level (above displacement and roughness length) so are not directly comparable with observed temperatures which are made at 1.25 m above the ground. Note also that these simulations do not take into account future urban morphology. As cities are projected to grow in population and size in future, the strength of the urban influence is likely underestimated in these simulations.
The similar rates of urban and rural warming and relatively unchanged urban influence in the CPM agrees with the findings of McCarthy et al. (2012), while the amplification of the urban influence in the RCM corroborates the findings of Lo et al. (2020), who found greater rates of urban compared to rural warming during night-time and greater rates of rural compared to urban warming during the daytime in the UKCP RCM. However, the relatively unchanged urban influence in the CPM seen here lends support to their conclusion (when comparing their results to selected models from the European branch of the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (Jacob et al. 2014)), that these trends are specific to the UKCP18-regional configuration.
To better understand the causes of the different rates of warming for rural and urban areas in the RCM compared to the CPM, we have also analysed soil moisture and maximum hourly mean heat fluxes during the hottest days (Fig. S2). While both configurations use the JULES land surface scheme, the CPM uses TOPMODEL, a topography based rainfall-run off model to represent soil moisture heterogeneity throughout the soil column (Beven and Kirkby 1979), instead of the probability distributed model (Moore 2007) hydrology scheme used in the RCM. This results in present-day soils being drier in the CPM than the RCM, in better agreement with observations (Kendon et al. 2019). As a result, sensible heat fluxes (\(Q_{H}\)) and Bowen ratios in the present-day are typically larger in the CPM than the RCM, which contributes to the higher UK-average CPM rural background temperature of \(28.2~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) compared to \(27.5~^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) in the RCM (Fig. 4). In future, while soils become drier in both models, RCM soils dry out more (particularly in Southeast England) and transition into a moisture-limited regime (Kendon et al. 2019), exacerbating increases in the Bowen ratio (note Bowen ratio changes are expressed as a factor). However, this is coupled with a lack of an increase in Bowen ratio over cities in the RCM, while in the CPM Bowen ratios increase in both rural and urban areas. This can partly be explained by the more detailed ITE land cover data in the CPM, which better represents more sub-grid scale vegetated fractions in cities allowing removal of soil moisture via the latent heat flux. In the RCM, the IGBP land cover dataset assumes larger fractions of impervious land cover and underestimates vegetation. Consequently, the Bowen ratio changes less in the future in the RCM. Thus, the reduced daytime urban signal in the RCM in future is caused by a strengthening in the rural/urban Bowen ratio gradient, influenced by both soil moisture and the urban scheme. In contrast, Bowen ratios increase everywhere in the CPM, including urban areas where the two-tile urban scheme better represents the surface energy balance, which results in an unchanged urban signal. In addition, the CEH (ITE) land cover data in the CPM has larger sub-grid scale variability for impervious (urban) and vegetated grid boxes in urban areas. The larger fraction of sub-grid scale vegetation allows a larger change in the Bowen ratio compared to the RCM using IGBP data which has less sub-grid scale vegetation present. Despite the larger drying of RCM soils, UK-average rural-reference temperatures still warm more in the CPM compared to the RCM (Fig. 4). This could be caused by differences in other variables such as cloud cover or differences in rainfall patterns caused by the different representations of convection, the study of which is beyond the scope of this paper. Although here we are primarily interested in urban temperatures, this study highlights the importance rural temperatures have in determining the urban influence. Improving the representation of land-surface processes (which strongly effect rural temperatures), such as soil-moisture precipitation feedbacks is a key challenge and currently an area of significant research [e.g., Kendon et al. (2021)]. Additional improvements in this area can be expected in the coming years.
The new urban signal extraction methodology has a number of advantages over existing methodologies. However, care must be taken in its use. Orographic influences on rural temperatures are not taken into account. Many cities are situated in valleys, such as London, which will tend to be warmer than surrounding higher ground, thus interpolation of these temperatures will result in cooler rural estimates and overestimated urban signals. Also, it requires choosing a suitable urban fraction threshold to produce a rural-reference dataset. An urban threshold of 0.1 was chosen in this study as it was found to accurately identify major UK urban areas, however the urban influence will be sensitive to this choice. Figure S3 shows the impact of varying the urban threshold from 0.05 to 0.2 on the UHII during hot days and warm nights. The primary effect of changing the urban threshold is to change the areal extent of urban areas; decreasing the urban threshold leads to larger urban areas and typically an increase in the UHII, while increasing it leads to smaller and weaker UHII. The impact is most pronounced at the relatively coarse RCM resolution (particularly in the daytime UHII), where reducing the urban threshold tends to create larger contiguous urban areas, an effect further compounded by the generally larger urban fractions in the IGBP dataset. This can lead to larger sensitivity, for example by increasing the influence of rural grid boxes further from the urban centres used to estimate the urban signal. While varying the urban threshold does lead to small changes to the magnitude of the UHII, it does not alter the interpretation or conclusions of the results.
While quantifying the UHII is helpful for understanding model processes, it is absolute temperatures that are more important from a public health perspective. This study shows, particularly for London, future daytime increases in urban temperatures would be underestimated and night-time temperatures overestimated without the improved representation of cities offered by the CPM. This is also manifested in terms of future absolute temperatures, with an underestimation in daytime and overestimation in night-time future temperatures. The implications are that the impact of hot days on the health of urban inhabitants would be underestimated, but so too would the ability of urban inhabitants to recover from this extreme heat during the night. The larger amplitude of diurnal cycles in the CPM could also have considerable implications for future building design.
8 Conclusions
Additional heat-stress in a warming climate will increase the risk of heat-related mortality. In this paper, we quantify the urban influence on extreme UK city temperatures in the latest UK Climate Projections. A new method to extract the urban influence on temperature has been developed, which allows urban signals to be extracted regardless of an urban areas size or location and without the need to choose appropriate rural and urban reference points.
We find that urban influence in the RCM is markedly different to the CPM, with present-day night-time urban temperatures too warm and the magnitude of night-time urban heat islands overestimated in the RCM, particularly for the warmest nights. In contrast, both daytime and night-time urban temperatures in the CPM, as well as the magnitude of urban heat islands, are in much greater agreement with observations. This improvement is predominantly the result of the improved urban scheme used in the CPM, which uses separate sub-grid scale tiles to represent street canyons and roofs which leads to improved phasing and amplitude of the diurnal cycle of heat fluxes. The higher resolution will also allow better representation of local spatial detail, but this has not been examined here.
In terms of future changes, there is a strong amplification of the night-time urban influence in the RCM, with urban temperatures warming significantly more than rural temperatures. This amplifies the night-time warm bias that exists in the present-day night-time RCM temperatures. Conversely, in the CPM, urban and rural temperatures warm at similar rates for both day and night, resulting in an unchanged urban influence. However, the urban temperatures themselves are still warmer and warm by more in future compared to the RCM. We find that the future reduction in the urban influence on daytime temperatures in the RCM is caused, at least in part, by drying soils and corresponding changes to rural sensible and latent heat fluxes, highlighting the importance of the accurate representation of soil moisture and hydrological processes for urban heat island studies. Further work is needed to fully understand the processes that are responsible for the difference in urban influence between the CPM and RCM. Nevertheless, the results here indicate that the CPM provides more reliable urban temperature projections through additional spatial resolution and the use of a two-tile urban scheme. It would be valuable in a future study to disentangle the effects of increased resolution (and other configuration differences between the CPM and RCM) and the improvement that is due to the two-tile urban scheme. For the next generation of UKCP, as well as other urban climate modelling studies, a key recommendation is to implement a two-tile urban scheme even in coarse resolution models (without going down to convection-permitting resolution). This will be aided in future by the development of improved urban morphological datasets, potentially at the global scale, which could become available in the next few years.
Heaviside C, Cai XM, Vardoulakis S (2015) The effects of horizontal advection on the urban heat island in Birmingham and the west midlands, united kingdom during a heatwave. Q J Royal Meteorol Soc 141(689):1429–1441
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Humphrey Lean for the many helpful discussions during the writing of this paper. TheFunding
The | eng | c7d350aa-aa03-4042-8a50-aee2abf431e0 | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00382-021-05883-w |
Which is correct, and why others work? game, this, this.game
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I am bit puzzled why all these work (okay I understand why global game works, its Phaser.Game object and can see the functions). So technically there is no problem here, except that I dont understand why these this and this.game work too. After all, where I create preload object the game is not assigned to anywhere.
var logo = game.add.sprite(...) <-- I understand this .. as far as i understand, its that global game... or ...var logo = this.game.add.sprite(...)
And I see that BasicGame.preload is defined as function(game) which has no game object inside it and has no method add inside it (not even in prototype). And that makes me puzzle, why, how, what? What I am missing here?
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I did some debuggin. It seems that when entering to preload-method, "this" points to Basicgame.preload and that does contain the add method and game object, which contains again add method, which I assume are the same method (both). Apparently state manager injects the methods and objects as you said ...
So, most likely the correct answer to my question (Which one would be most correct?) is: they all are equal, yet probably this.add could be most "reusable" (if ever needed, maybe one day you drop game object from this or my code does not have global game)?
That book looks very intriguing. Better get it.
[edit] Stupid me ... its me who injects the game to the Basicgame.preload ... I better get my coat. [edit] | eng | 15796d55-49b8-4848-babe-5ea15b2d44b3 | https://www.html5gamedevs.com/topic/18058-which-is-correct-and-why-others-work-game-this-thisgame/ |
Solution
Your otherwise is a callback function of which, is a closure itself so your var $window = $windowProvider.$get() is NOT the same as the argument $window in your callback function, and hence the undefined. | eng | 3a0d8b28-a032-4420-a571-9cc9ea965d82 | https://angularfixing.com/point-ui-router-otherwise-to-static-page/ |
services.exe infected
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I keep getting an alert from AVG saying that a threat was detected. More specifically, it's services.exe that is infected with a "Trojan horse Droppper.Generic_c.MMI". I've been going through similar posts for a while, but can't seem to fix it and don't want to mess anything up. Any help that could be given would be greatly appreciated..
8/11/2012 3:22:32 PM, Error: Service Control Manager [7023] - The Function Discovery Resource Publication service terminated with the following error: %%-2147024891
8/11/2012 3:22:32 PM, Error: Service Control Manager [7001] - The HomeGroup Provider service depends on the Function Discovery Resource Publication service which failed to start because of the following error: %%-2147024891
8/11/2012 1:52:01 AM, Error: Service Control Manager [7023] - The Computer Browser service terminated with the following error: The specified service does not exist as an installed service.
8/11/2012 1:51:59 AM, Error: Service Control Manager [7009] - A timeout was reached (30000 milliseconds) while waiting for the lxdeCATSCustConnectService service to connect.
8/11/2012 1:51:59 AM, Error: Service Control Manager [7003] - The IPsec Policy Agent service depends the following service: BFE. This service might not be installed.
8/11/2012 1:51:59 AM, Error: Service Control Manager [7003] - The IKE and AuthIP IPsec Keying Modules service depends the following service: BFE. This service might not be installed.
8/11/2012 1:51:59 AM, Error: Service Control Manager [7000] - The lxdeCATSCustConnectService service failed to start due to the following error: The service did not respond to the start or control request in a timely fashion. | eng | 98fbf217-de55-42fb-90ed-93609e574017 | https://forums.malwarebytes.com/topic/114038-servicesexe-infected/ |
Day At The Beach
About
What are the different types of shells? What does sand feel like and why do some crabs walks sideways? There's much to explore at a day at the beach | eng | 54280980-1bdc-4145-bd03-1e659d6c38f8 | https://www.thecuratedparcel.com/collections/wonderie/products/wonderie-day-at-the-beach |
Beautiful Brain Enamel Pin
Every brain is beautiful. Every brain is different. Some are full of mechanical gears and others are full of flowers. Tell the world which brain you identify with our beautiful brain enamel pin | eng | e3a294c4-f892-4e2f-af9b-051d2c42670a | https://sommerdiversity.com/en-us/products/beautiful-brain-enamel-pin |
VCOM College Catalog and Student Handbook
The average MCAT score of those accepted falls between 500 and 506 and a score greater than 496 is generally required. The successful MCAT score is always balanced with the GPA, along with non-cognitive factors of the applicant that are tied to the profession and the mission of VCOM. 5. Must be a U.S. citizen or permanent U.S. resident. Once matriculated, students must maintain the requirements for their permanent U.S. resident visa status as set forth by the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services. 6. Must meet the Technical Standards for Admission and Continued Enrollment. All students must read carefully and affirm that they meet the standards. Any falsification or misinformation is a reason for dismissal. Technical Standards for Admission and Successful Completion of the Osteopathic Program at VCOM The requirements to succeed at VCOM are those required to successfully complete the medical school curriculum and to safely practice osteopathic medicine with full practice rights. VCOM supports students with disabilities who can be reasonably accommodated and who can meet the technical standards that will be required to be licensed to practice osteopathic medicine. Patient safety and well-being are considered by VCOM when accepting students or continuing the enrollment of students. Students must be able to function in a variety of learning and clinical settings, including lecture halls, laboratories (biomedical and clinical), and patient care environments. Education in the classroom and laboratories in the first two years of medical school, prepare students for education in the clinical setting. As such, students must be able to quickly, accurately, and consistently learn and process large amounts of information and report that data quickly and accurately and perform their duties in the clinical setting without restriction and in a manner that provides a safe environment for the patients entrusted to their care. These abilities are necessary in order to succeed in the medical school curriculum and to meet the technical standards for acquiring the medical knowledge needed to safely practice osteopathic medicine as a physician. Further, the mission of the college embraces primary care medicine and requires all students to gain the medical knowledge and clinical skills necessary to enter a primary care residency. Recognizing that medical school is as a career path in which students often accumulate great debt, all technical standards are considered in relationship to the student's ability to meet the educational competencies that culminate in the career of the practice of osteopathic medicine when accepting students or continuing their enrollment. The applicant must possess the abilities and skills in the following seven areas to be a successful student while at VCOM and to be a successful physician in the future: I. Sensory and Motor Touch: Osteopathic medicine requires a physician to utilize the sense of touch for examination. The education of the osteopathic student; therefore, requires a student to perform and have the ability to touch a human being, both female and male, as part of learning the osteopathic approach to diagnosis and treatment and to be touched by both female and male students and faculty as a part of the physical examination and osteopathic manipulation education. The sense of touch required includes being able to discriminate through palpation of warm, cold, and normal temperatures; and normal soft and supple tissue from tissue with spasm or other restriction. Students must be able to discern between bone, muscle, fascia, and skin, and be able to detect any abnormalities. Students must also be able to palpate the abdomen and judge for acute conditions as well as to palpate the size of internal organs and a soft abdomen from an acute and guarded abdomen. Students must also be able to palpate pulses. Therefore, students | eng | a165691f-e6bf-45e1-9ab5-6fe3b1a3313b | https://vcom.cld.bz/VCOM-College-Catalog-and-Student-Handbook/26/ |
Passport & Visa Service
Many of us do not realize the privilege we are born in. We are the only species on planet that can communicate its needs with others of its kind. We can cooperate with each other, build societies and nations, work together for mutual benefit, and reap the rewards of living with other people. But these are the privileges we enjoy because we are humans. However, there are also those privileges that some of us get to enjoy because of their gender or nationality. Some people may claim that there is no such thing as privilege and people only get what they work for, which might be true in some cases, but to deny the existence of privilege can only make you a part of the problem.
Those who don't have to fear for their lives because of the color of their skin cannot understand the ones who do. And maybe they don't want to understand the less fortunate ones because it is not their problem. However, it is a rule of the world that it eventually punishes everyone. The ones privileged today will lose their privilege and then they will have to fall back on others for support. But if they are not supporting the ones who are suffering today, then they can hardly expect anyone to have their back in the future.
Like climate change deniers, the ones who deny the existence of privilege can be proven wrong very easily. There are many doors that only open for a certain class of society. The situation of third world countries is proof that the first world countries and their people are privileged. Even our passports, the most important travel document a person can own, are given importance based on their color. A person from a first world country would have a better chance of getting visa of another developed nation than someone from an underdeveloped state.
Almost every other person in the world wants to travel, and who can argue with them when we live on such a beautiful planet. There is no wonder of nature that one cannot find on earth. From snow capped mountains to rain forests, sandy beaches to lakes, the attractions are endless. Some adventurous souls pick up the most dangerous places on earth and put their names on their bucket list. However, everyone's travel dreams can end up unfulfilled if the immigration offices of different countries are not accepting of different passports.
There is nothing people can when their request for a visa gets rejected based on their ethnicity. None of us can change our identity, not that we should have to. But the injustices in the world makes us wish we could. However, not all rejections are based on color or race. Sometimes people make mistakes when applying for visa that can jeopardize the whole process. When someone decides to do everything on their own instead of asking someone for help or looking up the requirements, they can mess up the situation and land themselves in trouble.
A very common mistake people make when applying for a visa or for immigration is not getting their documents translated. Someone applying from China for a US visa cannot submit their birth certificate in Chinese. They will need to get it translated in English for the benefit of the immigration officers. But birth certificate isn't the only document that will have to be translated.
Passport Translation:
Passports are also issued in the official language of the issuing country. Although there are a few countries which offer passports in multiple languages, mostly they are issued in just one and therefore cannot be shown to an official body without getting it translated in the relevant language. A passport has to be thoroughly checked before a visa can be stamped on it. It works as an identity document for the applicant. But if it is in a foreign language, the checking officers won't be able to verify the identity of the applicant. Therefore, they will need its translation in a tongue they understand so they can verify the information written down in the passport and decide whether or not to issue visa to the applicant.
Passport translation is not an easy task. It is something that will be presented to a government body; therefore, it must be carried out by a professional. People who have experience with translating documents for immigration will be the perfect choice for this task, and not some website or online tool that can't even offer 50% accuracy. Official translations should be one hundred percent accurate and come with a signed statement of the translator that they are complete. They should also be accompanied by the original document as a proof.
Traveling is a fun activity but all the fun can be taken out of it by rules and regulations. Especially when people don't follow the rules, a simple process can get very complicated. Anyone who wants to save themselves from unnecessary complications should get in touch with a reliable agency who has experienced professionals on their team. They will be able to handle your passport's translation professionally. You can get the interpretation at affordable rate. You can also get urgent translations from an agency because they understand the importance of time and how sometimes people can end up in tricky situations. As long as you find the right person for your passport's interpretation, you will be able to travel wherever you want | eng | 5ebe65da-bd66-493d-adc6-77454957af01 | https://www.usatranslate.com/passport-translation/ |
23 Signs Your Ex Is Done With You
There are all sorts of ways to tell if your ex is done with you. From suddenly being ignored, to completely cutting off communication, to even dating someone else, there are plenty of clues that your ex has moved on. If you're wondering if your ex has given up on you, here are some signs to watch out for.
How do you know if your ex is really done with you?
It can be tough to tell if your ex is really done with you, or if they're just taking a break. Here are some signs that your ex is truly done with the relationship:
1. They don't want to talk to you anymore.
If your ex is avoiding you, it's a pretty good sign that they're done with the relationship. They may not be ready to face you yet, or they may have moved on and are trying to forget about you.
2. They don't respond to your texts or calls.
If you're constantly trying to contact your ex and they never respond, it's a pretty good indication that they don't want anything to do with you.
3. They've moved on.
If your ex has started dating someone new, it's a pretty clear sign that they're over you. They may have been hiding it from you, but if you find out they're in a new relationship, it's time to move on yourself.
4. They don't care about you anymore.
If your ex doesn't seem to care about you or your feelings, it's a clear sign that they're done with the relationship. They may not even bother to say goodbye or explain why they're breaking up with you.
5. They've changed their number.
If you try to contact your ex and they've changed their phone number, it's a pretty good sign that they don't want to talk to you anymore. They may have done this to avoid getting calls or texts from you, or because they've moved on and don't want you to be able to contact them.
If you see any of these signs, it's pretty clear that your ex is done with you. It's time to move on and start healing your heart.
How do you know your ex is not coming back?
There are a few key signs that will let you know if your ex is not interested in getting back together with you.
If your ex avoids all contact with you, including returning your calls and texts, or if they delete all traces of you from their social media accounts, it's likely they're not interested in reconciling. | eng | b24c5132-8412-4d5c-89f5-13ad648d099c | https://lovesigma.com/signs-your-ex-is-done-with-you/ |
Well, To Be Fair... (Gaming)
I suppose. 343i has only put out one more game than Bungie. Two, I guess, depending on the weight you give MCC.
I guess my real thoughts are:
I think we'd be having this exact same discussion if Bungie had kept making Halo. There's only so much you can do in a franchise over this long. Every design decision is going to piss off a subset of people. It was already happening with every Bungie Halo, it would have kept happening if they kept making those games. They either let the series stagnate or they try and mix it up—either direction pisses off large parts of the audience. 343i's biggest problem is that they started without having fifteen years of goodwill behind them.
Obviously I can't prove it, but I'd be willing to be that those exact same games releases under the Bungie name instead of 343 would have been better received. | eng | 6f451fa0-30ce-438c-aa29-43ae0134aee9 | https://destiny.bungie.org/forum/index.php?id=179611 |
Parallel Functional Programming Mean?
Parallel functional programming refers to a specific philosophy of computer science that uses functional programming in conjunction with parallelism to work with declarative programming in specific ways.
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By utilizing functional programming this way, developer teams are able to introduce specific operations on interdependent tasks and transformational systems based on parallel algorithms.
Techopedia Explains Parallel Functional Programming
Functional programming at its core involves a style of programming that is essentially static, avoiding changing state data.
It uses specific mathematical assertions or tools to challenge the imperative programming model where the global program state can affect a return value.
Experts sometimes describe parallel functional programming as introducing even more of a sophisticated approach to programming and a higher-order consolidation of programming tasks. In this conversation professionals may talk about inherent parallelism, determinancy and how it works, parallelism versus concurrency, and implicit or controlled parallelism | eng | 2befc20d-1a97-402f-901c-5829c2910b89 | https://www.techopedia.com/definition/33988/parallel-functional-programming |
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Is 10kW enough to run a house?
Is a 10kW solar system enough to power a house? Yes, depending on where you live, a 10kW solar system would be enough to power the average home of a family of four and enough to power the average 2,000 square foot home in the United States.
(Video) What Is A 10kW Solar System? | What You Need to Know | Teho | Solar and Battery Specialists
(Teho)
How much electricity will a 10kW solar system produce?
How much electricity does a 10kW solar system generate? In total, this system generates about 10,000 watts of electricity per hour as defined by laboratory Standard Test Condition (STC) results. This breaks down to an average of between 29 and 46 kWh per day.
(Video) How Much Power Does A 10kW Solar System Produce?
(Solaray Energy - Solar Power Installer Sydney)
How many appliances can run on 10kW?
A 10kW solar power system produces 40kW of electricity per day on average and can run the appliances of a very large 5+ bedroom home, including all lights, televisions, laptops, refrigerators, washer, dryer, central air conditioning and a pool pump.
(Video) How to Size your Solar Power System
(DIY Solar Power with Will Prowse)
How long will 10 kWh power a home?
But if your plan is to keep the essentials–phones, computers, WiFi, refrigerator and some lights–running during an outage, you can expect a 10 kWh battery will keep those things running for nearly 24 full hours.
(Video) How Much Power Does A 5kW Solar System Produce?
(Solaray Energy - Solar Power Installer Sydney)
How many AC can run on 10kW solar system?
The 10kW solar power system is ideal for usage in offices, commercial shops, and factories. The system is capable of running 8 LED Lights, 8 fans, 2 ton AC (2 nos, Fridge, 1 T, Washing Machine, 1 Cooler.
(Video) Is 10 kW enough to run a house?
(Ask About CELEBS)
Is 10kW solar system too big?
10kW solar systems are on the large side for residential installations (where 5kW to 6.6kW is much more common). So as mentioned above, 10kW systems tend to be most appropriate for homes or businesses with significant amounts of daytime electricity consumption above 40kWh per day.
(Video) Our Complete Solar System Cost With Battery Backup! 10kw Of Power
(Country Living Experience: A Homesteading Journey)
How many solar panels do I need for a 2000 sq ft home?
How Many Solar Panels Do I Need for a 2000 Sq Ft Home? On average, a 2000 sq ft home would need a 4kW system which means 10 400-watt panels.
(Video) How much power does Chris's 10kW solar power system in Adelaide produce?
(Top Property TV)
How many batteries are needed to power a house?(Video) HOW MUCH DOES A SOLAR & BATTERY SYSTEM COST?
(DIY Journey)
How many kW does a 2500 sq ft house use?
A 2,500 sq. ft. home came in at 12,271 kWh, and residences that measured 3,000 sq.
How many kW does a normal house use(Video) How much can solar panels save you in the UK? Case Study Update With Allen Hart
(Heatable)
What is the average residential solar system size?How long can a house run on solar power alone?
How long can a solar battery power a house? Without running AC or electric heat, a 10 kWh battery alone can power the basic operations of a house for at least 24 hours, and longer with careful budgeting.
How long will a solar battery last during a power outageProper design and sizing is essential to any solar PV system, but in the case of using solar energy to power your air conditioner, you will need to have enough energy available to cover the hottest days of the year.
Can normal AC run on solar power?
ACs can easily run on on-grid solar systems with capacities ranging between 3 kW to 10kW. An on-grid solar system can support the running of ACs in the large commercial office spaces (with electricity bills as high as Rs. 1 lakh) to residences (with bills of Rs. 5-10k per month).
How much is a 10kW solar system with battery backup?
How much does an average 10kW solar system cost? As of January 2023, a 10kW solar energy system will cost about $30,000 before incentives, based on the average cost of solar in the U.S. When you take the federal tax credit into account, that price drops to about $21,000.
What is the biggest solar system I can put on my house?
As a general rule, 5kW tends to be the upper system size limit for single-phase connections, but some networks allow up to 10kW. There are lots of variations to this theme, however. Some networks will allow larger sizes than those outlined below, pending specific approval from the network.
Can you put too many solar panels on your house?
No, there is no limit to the number of solar panels you can have. However, there may be a limit on how much power your system is allowed to generate. Some utility companies limit the amount of electricity that a grid-tied solar system can generate.
What size solar system is best?
Typical solar PV systems installed in 2022 are at least 6.6kW in size and we think that's a good size for most homes to aim for right now. That said, bigger systems of 8–10kW or more are becoming more common, especially for systems that include a storage battery.
Is it better to have more solar panels or more batteries?
The energy produced over the lifetime of typical rooftop solar panels more than makes up for the energy it takes to make, mount and then eventually recycle them. But adding a home battery usually lowers those dividends, according to new research from Stanford University.
What is the best battery for a 10kW solar system?
Our recommendation for the best overall off-grid battery for homes is the 48V Lithium battery. This is the best battery if you're looking for a long lifespan and affordable flexibility to expand your system down the road. Reasons to choose this battery include: Lithium batteries are a premium storage option.
How much does 10kW off-grid solar system cost?
How much does a quality 10kw solar system cost?
10kW Solar System
Price
National Average
$9,473
Low Estimate
$8,865
High Estimate
$10,261
What is the rule of thumb for solar panels?
A good rule of thumb is to plan around 3 linear feet for every 30 kW of array capacity. Inverter performance is affected by temperature, so an interior, conditioned location is ideal.
How many solar panels does a 3 bedroom house need?
It's estimated that the average one-bedroom house needs six solar panels, while a typical three-bedroom house requires 10 panelsDo solar batteries work in a blackout?
Many solar batteries feature a 'blackout mode'. This mode kicks in automatically when the grid fails as long as the battery has enough energy stored. The battery delivers power to your most essential appliances and circuits.
Can you run a whole house on solar and battery?
With a modern solar energy system, including power storage, you can definitely run a whole house completely on solar power. Today's high-efficiency solar panels and solar batteries make it cheaper than ever before to power an entire home exclusively using solar energy.
How many kilowatts do you need to run an average home?
How Many Kilowatts Does It Take to Power a House? With the average American home consuming 900 kWh a month or 30 kWh a day, that brings the total yearly usage to around 10,800 kWh. This means that most solar energy systems will need to be large enough to produce this many kWh's in a given year.
How many kW needed to run a house?
A smaller house in a temperate region would consume around 210-kilowatt hours (kWh) per month. Whereas a larger house where air conditioners require the most energy might use 2,000 kWh or more. The typical home uses 900 kWh per month. That works out at 1.25 kWh every hour or 30 kWh per day.
How many kilowatts does it take to run a whole house?
A generator in the 27-36kW range is perfect for most homes since they replace 75% of the 200 amps coming into your electrical panel.
How many kilowatts is needed to run a houseHow many kWh does a 2500 sq ft house use a day?
A 2,500 sq. ft. home came in at 12,271 kWh, and residences that measured 3,000 sq.
How many kilowatts does a 1500 sq ft house use?
That average 1,500 sqft home using 977 kWh per month would need between 25 and 38 budget solar panels to supply all of its electricity needs.
Assuming that your 3-bed home uses natural gas (some properties are powered entirely by electricity) you can expect to get through around 12,000kWh. If you notice that your consumption is far higher than this it might be worth looking into how to bring it down.
How many solar batteries are needed to power a house?
If you want to keep the power on when the grid is down, you'll usually just need one solar battery. If you want to go off-grid completely, you'll need far more storage capacity, more along the lines of 8-12 batteries.
How many kw does a 4 bedroom house use?
Typical values
Energy Use
Example – home type and number of residents
Typical annual electricity use (kWh)
Low
Flat or 1-bedroom house; 1-2 people
1,800
Medium
2-3 bedroom house; 2-3 people
2,900
High
4+ bedroom home; 4-5 people
4,300
How many watts does a 3.5-ton AC use?
A typical 2,000-square-foot house has a 3.5-ton air conditioner. This size of AC unit uses about 3,500 watts per hour when it's in cooling mode. When a central air conditioner is running in the fan-only mode, it uses approximately 750 watts per hour.
On average, one person uses 909 kWh per month. If you have at least two people living in the home, that equals 1,818 kWh per month. The average American household contains four people, which equals 3,636 kWh per month or 43,632 kWh per year.
What size solar system do I need for my house?
You can calculate how many solar panels you need by multiplying your household's hourly energy requirement by the peak sunlight hours for your area and dividing that by a panel's wattage. Use a low-wattage (150 W) and high-wattage (370 W) example to establish a range (ex: 17-42 panels to generate 11,000 kWh/year).
How many kilowatts does it take to run a house with AC?
On average, a central AC system uses 3,000 to 4,000 W.
Your electricity usage and bill is measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh), which is a measurement of wattage over time. One kilowatt (kW) is 1,000 Watts (W), which means that powering a typical air conditioner for one day uses about 55 kWh of electricity.
How many watts does a refrigerator use?
Most typical fridges use between 100-400 watts. To find your fridge's wattage, just: Multiply the number of amps listed on the fridge's nameplate by the voltage (usually around 120). Then, because the compressor only runs about 30% of the time, divide the total wattage by 3. | eng | 88840e51-e29f-45ec-8c71-eab11345526e | https://nonosi.best/articles/will-a-10kw-solar-system-run-a-house |