text stringlengths 1 1.04M | language stringclasses 1
value | warc_record_id stringlengths 36 36 | url stringlengths 13 4.48k |
|---|---|---|---|
Search This Blog
Shivaji allied with Islamic states, welcomed Muslims in army, had qazis on payroll
Audrey Truschke
Counterview Desk
Referring to her her book on Aurangzeb, Audrey Truschke, assistant professor of South Asian history, Rutgers, Newark, US, has controversially claimed that in the mid-1660s, a Rajput – acting on Mughal orders – besieged Shivaji at Purandar, adding, Marathas and different Rajput lineages often acted differently from one another, even fighting each other. In a series of tweets, Truschke says, after Purandar, Shivaji allied with the Mughals. Then he reconsidered and escaped from Aurangzeb's court. There were rumors that the same Rajput who had besieged Shivaji at Purandar helped Shivaji escape. And though many believed it, it was a world of complicated, shifting alliances.
"For anyone interested, I discuss and cite all of this in my #Aurangzeb book", she says, pointing out, "For a fuller story about Shivaji, however, you'll need to read either the North American or Pakistan edition, since I cut some material from the Indian edition (on legal advice)". The tweet provides the link to the controversial chapter "Shivaji vs Aurangzeb" in the book "Aurangzeb: The Man and the Myth".
Text of the chapter:
"A governorship from Delhi is like an enticing prostitute. Seeing her beauty, who doesn't long to possess her? Her manner is to conquer the world by the power of trickery. Whomever she approaches she immediately renders penniless. Bhushan says, spending time in her company brings no reward." -- Bhushan Tripathi, a Hindi poet working under Shivaji, 1673
.....
Shivaji Bhonsle mounted the most famous opposition to Aurangzeb's expansionist agenda. Shivaji was a Maratha warrior who became, eventually, a self-made king. He was born to a low-caste family and later underwent an elaborate Brahmin-led ritual to become a Rajput, a kshatriya who could legitimately lead an independent state (Shivaji's state propaganda pitched this as recovering his forgotten lineage). Shivaji created significant problems for Aurangzeb, and the Mughal king tried for decades, largely unsuccessfully, to quell the Maratha warrior's destructive assaults on imperial strongholds.
Shivaji was a thorn in Aurangzeb's side even before Aurangzeb ascended the throne. Shivaji spent the 1650s carving a state out of the rolling hills of the western Deccan, near modern-day Pune. He first resisted Aurangzeb directly in 1657 when the prince was directing Shah Jahan's Deccan campaigns. When Aurangzeb abruptly left central India in order to fight for the Mughal throne, Shivaji took the opportunity to seize further territory.
By the 1660s, Shivaji commanded a force of 10,000 cavalry and 50,000 infantry, which he deployed against Mughal targets. Shivaji was a master of guerilla warfare and raids, much more adept at nimble operations than the bulky Mughal army. I have already described, for instance, how in April of 1663 he infiltrated the house of Shaysta Khan, Aurangzeb's maternal uncle, in Pune with only a few dozen men and killed several of Shaysta Khan's wives and his son. In January of 1664, Shivaji raided Surat, one of the busiest ports on the western coast, with a population of 200,000, and plundered the city for days while its Mughal governor cowered in a nearby fort.
Unable to bear such humiliations and breaches of state security, in early 1665 Aurangzeb ordered Mirza Raja Jai Singh to pursue Shivaji. Jai Singh, leader of the Kachhwaha Rajputs and a Hindu, was one of the chief Rajputs who supported Aurangzeb in the war of succession. After being besieged by Jai Singh in the Purandar hill fort for two months, Shivaji surrendered. He agreed to become a vassal of the Mughal state, turning over land and forts, paying tribute, and fighting for the Mughals. While he made a show of submission and cooperation, Shivaji's opposition to the Mughals was only beginning.
***
Shivaji visited Aurangzeb's court at Agra in May of 1666. He offered the Mughal emperor gifts and bowed in submission, as was expected for a recent foe-turned-noble, but relations soon soured. Many historians of the period narrated this encounter, the only recorded face-to-face meeting between Aurangzeb and Shivaji, but they spun different versions of the tale. Most agreed that Shivaji was upset at some perceived slight-perhaps not being acknowledged by the emperor or being asked to stand with lower-ranked nobles-and caused a ruckus at open court. One historian, Khafi Khan, noted that Shivaji fell to the ground howling 'like a wounded animal', and another, Bhimsen Saxena, reported that he'started shouting meaningless and nonsensical things and posed as if he was under the attack of madness'. Aurangzeb did not tolerate such violations of protocol, so Shivaji was escorted out of court and placed under house arrest.
Not long after his outburst, Shivaji fled from Agra along with his nine-year-old son, Sambhaji. Most likely Shivaji bribed their guards to let them out, although more fanciful versions of the story imagine them slipping away in large baskets meant to contain alms for Brahmins. Shivaji masqueraded as a wandering ascetic until he was clear of Mughal territory, and his young son adopted a similar disguise or, according to one historian, dressed as a Brahmin's wife in order to travel undetected. In 1669, Shivaji renewed his flagrant denial of Mughal authority by launching fresh attacks to reg ain forts he had surrendered a few years earlier.
Whatever the precise details of how the relationship went wrong, Aurangzeb failed to incorporate Shivaji into the Mughal fold. At first glance this failure may seem puzzling because generations of Rajputs had responded well to integration within the Mughal nobility. In this instance, however, lumping all Hindus together prevents us from seeing crucial differences that explain why Shivaji balked at his reception by Aurangzeb. Many Rajputs of the day looked down on Shivaji as an uncouth upstart who, in Mughal terms, was deficient in adab (proper conduct). Indeed, unlike most Rajputs, Shivaji lacked exposure to Persianate court culture. His father was a noble under the Adil Shahi dynasty of Bijapur, but Shivaji had been raised by his mother, Jijabai, without access to courtly life. Perhaps because of his background, not to mention his justified faith in his own acumen on the battlefield, Shivaji did not ease into his role as a Mughal noble, as many Rajputs had, and instead chose to fight Aurangzeb.
Shivaji's return to insurgency was devastating for the Mughals. Beginning in 1670, Shivaji plundered Surat and other places repeatedly. For the next four years he raided Mughal strongholds north of Maharashtra, such as Khandesh, Berar, and Baglan, and met opposition from imperial and Bijapuri troops alike. During this time Aurangzeb was largely occupied with putting down Pathan tribal revolts in the northwest mountainous regions of the empire.
In June of 1674, while Aurangzeb was leading an army into the mountains near the Khyber Pass in pursuit of the Afridi tribe, Shivaji crowned himself monarch or chhatrapati of an independent Maratha kingdom that stretched across parts of the Western Ghats and the Konkan coast. The full ceremonies took weeks to perform, and the coronation itself lasted nine days. There was little immediate precedent for such a rite, which included Shivaji 'reclaiming' his alleged kshatriya ancestry. Gagabhatta, a prominent Brahmin from Benares, wrote much of the manual from scratch.
Shivaji spent the next six years expanding Maratha domains. He also directed projects that sought to replace Indo-Persian political norms with Sanskrit-based ones. For instance, in 1677 he sponsored a Sanskrit text known as Rajavyavaharakosha (Lexicon of Royal Institutes), which provided Sanskrit synonyms for 1,500 Indo-Persian administrative terms. Such a work may seem pedantic, but it helped Shivaji in his quest to subvert Mughal ruling culture. The later years of Shivaji's reign were marked by a significant increase in Sanskrit terms in official Maratha documents.
Shivaji began experiencing bouts of illness in 1678 and died, in his bed, two years later in 1680. Rumours flew about regarding Shivaji's demise, including that his second wife, Sorayabai, poisoned her husband so that she could put her ten-year-old son, Rajaram, on the throne in lieu of Sambhaji, Shivaji's son by his first wife. The poisoning story is likely untrue, but a brief succession struggle ensued between Rajaram and Sambhaji. Sambhaji won and succeeded his father in continuing to plague Mughal interests in the Deccan.
***
Although Shivaji and Aurangzeb met in person only once, at court in 1666, they despised each other. Bhushan, one of Shivaji's court poets, defamed Aurangzeb as Kumbhakarna, the gigantic, gluttonous demon from the Ramayana. Aurangzeb called Shivaji a 'mountain rat', and Mughal sources give his name as Shiva, often accompanied by a curse but never with the honorific ji. One early eighteenth-century historian of Aurangzeb's reign recorded the brusque chronogram for Shivaji's death date: 'The infidel went to hell' (kafir bi jahannum raft).
The Mughal-Maratha conflict was shaped by a craving for raw power that demanded strategic, shifting alliances. Shivaji allied with numerous Islamic states, including Bijapur, Golconda, and even the Mughals when it suited him (sometimes against Hindu powers in south India). Shivaji welcomed Muslims within his army; he had qazis (Muslim judges) on his payroll, and Muslims ranked among some of his top commanders. Mughal alliances and the imperial army were similarly diverse, and (as mentioned earlier) Aurangzeb sent a Hindu, Jai Singh, to besiege Shivaji at Purandar. Modern suggestions that Marathas who resisted Mughal rule thought of themselves as 'Hindus' defying 'Muslim' tyranny are just that: modern. Neither Mughal nor Maratha writers shied away from religiously tinged rhetoric in narrating this clash, especially in later accounts. But, on the ground, a thirst for political power drove both the opposition to Aurangzeb's rule and the Mughal response.
Comments
It's pretty fitting that an outsider is attempting to emasculate the men of Bharat by distorting the pure history of one of our greatest role models, Chatrapati Shivaji. With all due respect, as a foreigner belonging to a class of invaders, who are you to try to divide Hindus through false narrations of OUR history? Your ancestors have been doing that to to this day, but the bottom line is... Chatrapati Shivaji was a valiant king who not only fought for the great Marathas, but for Hindavi Swarajya, for all Hindus throughout the entirety of our ancestral homeland. This nonsensical garbage about Shivaji allying with muslims against South Indian Hindu kingdoms proves two things; either, you have no clue what you're talking about, or you have an agenda to undermine the heroic attempts of our idols at preserving our rich, unified heritage; simply to push a liberal-backed fantasy of hindu-muslim unity which, quite frankly, never existed (not saying that it shouldn't, I'm simply stating facts) Shivaji was inspired by the Vijayanagara empire, a South Indian Hindu kingdom hell-bent on repelling Islamic invaders, to establish a Hindu state for all of his people. Shivaji viewed the area South of the Deccan Plateau (present-day South India) as a native homeland that should be protected at all costs against invaders. There are so many other examples of Shivaji, and the Marathas, seeking brotherhood in Hindus from all over. However, here is the thing. Even if this farce of an article was true. Even if the Marathas allied with enemies against their own for selfish reasons, it doesn't matter. Shivaji means more to present-day Hindus than just some king in history. He is a symbol. A symbol of courage for children of Sanatana Dharma to consolidate. A symbol, rather, a reminder that Iyer-Brahmins in the deepest part of South India can see the Pandits of Kashmir as kin, with the goal of protecting our shared heritage. And when people like you try to debunk the majesty of those who stood up against external threats like the Mughals and the British, it is a hinderance in our quest to join together as one family. Through the vehicle of globalization, the fabric of our land has been crippled, and the internal division between the various Hindu ethnicities of present-day Bharat has given writers like you an opportunity to leach off the fabric of what makes us, well us. Now, adharma runs rampant through, not only the motherland, but through communities of Indian diaspora as well. Children of Hindu origin who grow up in Western societies like I did, are told by people like you that our greatest warriors were immoral, power-hungry cowards who would ally with invaders. And because of this, most of us completely abandon our roots in the effort to "be cool" and to "not be too cultured". Chatrapati Shivaji may be gone, but his spirit, his actions, and his legacy will live on forever. And the truest followers of Dharma will always recognize him for what he really was, regardless of who tells us otherwise.
The claim made in your page saying Great Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj 'killed several of Shaysta Khan's wives and son.' is misleading. Either help me update my knowledge sharing a valid reference or get yourself corrected. Apart from being known for his bravery and valour, King Shivaji Maharaj was also known for his Kindness to spare and forgive his enemies. He in his entire lifespan never hurt or tortured any women. He fought battles with strategies, valour and ethics. Please get your facts straight before making such baseless claims families | eng | d866b22b-3316-4921-9f10-09e1004e8a3c | https://www.counterview.net/2019/10/shivaji-allied-with-islamic-states.html |
How Many Bitcoin Billionaires Are There?
This has led to the rise of professional Bitcoin mining operations, which often have access to large amounts of capital and electricity. These operations have made some people very rich; according to Forbes, there are now 19 Bitcoin billionaires.
Of course we never know all the people who may have become billionaires, because of the secretive nature of this individuals.
And as Bitcoin grows in popularity, more and more people are becoming interested in how to get their hands on some Bitcoin of their own. While there are many ways to acquire Bitcoin, one of the most common is through mining.
Bitcoin miners use powerful computers to solve complex mathematical problems, and in return they are rewarded with Bitcoin. As the demand for Bitcoin increases, so does the difficulty of these problems, necessitating ever-more powerful computers. | eng | bbfae959-718f-48b5-8dc5-1998caf75a3c | https://crypto.icu/bitcoin/how-many-bitcoin-billionaires-are-there/ |
Understand the meaning of COGS
Every businessman or seller should be able to understand what HPP is, you can say that in short, HP is the price per picis, in English it is called the COGS. The article photo HPP is one of the important things in running a business or building a business.
What is COGS?
In the world of accounting or even in the world of business and sales of COGS is an abbreviation of the cost of goods sold or price per picis in Javanese where from the definition of COGS there is a total direct expenditure of a company that is able to produce a product that will be suitable for sale in one period .
Some of these things fall into the direct cost category, including direct labor salaries, raw material procurement costs and overhead costs. In this case, referring to the definition of COGS, it can be understood that the cost of goods per picis is not the selling price in a product.
So Abi is a cost or expense that is borne by the producer of the producer of a good. Meanwhile, the selling price is the price set by the producer which will later be borne by consumers or buyers who buy goods.
The components determining the COGS
In a trading company there are 3 components that determine COGS, there are several things that can determine the following:
1. Initial inventory of goods
Initial inventory of this item is the initial war president in the current financial year period. This is the first point that can determine COGS in a trading company.
In this case the balance of the beginning inventory of merchandise can be found by simply looking at a trial balance for the current period at the beginning of the company or the balance sheet for the previous year.
2. Ending inventory of merchandise
in the ending inventory of merchandise are goods inventory at the end of the period or at the end of the year. The balance of the ending inventory of merchandise as far as we can know is only looking at the adjustment data of a company at the end to its period.
3. Net purchase
net purchases are all trade purchases by a particular company, whether they are purchases made in cash or are purchases made by creditors. besides that, in net purchases as long as the things included in it, such as transportation costs for purchase of purchase returns and price discounts from purchases
Closing
Here is my article this time I hope that reading it can add to the insight of all friends, more or less I'm sorry, thank you for reading, if you think this article can be useful, it can be shared with other friends so that the insight can also increase and you can get rewarded Okay thanks. | eng | 532169fa-73a8-4f46-87b5-9c72d6b0e660 | https://www.menfasi.com/2022/09/understand-meaning-of-cogs.html |
If several famous artists like and repost my Soundcloud music, is it possible that I will become famous too?
SoundCloud Promotion
Having famous artists like and repost your SoundCloud music can certainly increase your visibility and potentially open doors for further opportunities. However, it's important to manage your expectations and recognize that fame is a complex and multifaceted concept. Here are some points to consider: Increased Exposure: When famous artists like and repost your music, it exposes your work to their fanbase and potentially expands your reach to a larger audience. This increased exposure can lead to more plays, followers, and engagement with your music. Association and Validation: Being recognized by established artists can provide a sense of validation and credibility to your work. It can create a positive impression among listeners and industry professionals, potentially opening doors for collaborations, features, or other promotional opportunities. Networking Opportunities: Connecting with famous artists through their engagement with your music can create networking opportunities. Building relationships within the industry can lead to collaborations, mentorship, and exposure to new audiences. Long-Term Success: While gaining attention from famous artists can be an exciting development, it's important to focus on sustained growth and long-term success. Building a dedicated fanbase, consistently creating high-quality music, and engaging with your audience are key factors in achieving lasting success. Individual Talent and Unique Identity: While the support of famous artists can provide a boost, ultimately, your individual talent and unique identity as an artist are essential for standing out and gaining recognition. Developing your own sound, style, and artistic vision can set you apart and contribute to your potential for fame. It's worth noting that becoming "famous" is a subjective concept and can have different interpretations for different individuals. It's important to define what fame means to you and to set realistic goals that align with your artistic vision and personal aspirations. Additionally, gaining the attention of famous artists does not guarantee instant or sustained fame. Building a successful music career requires a combination of talent, dedication, consistent promotion, networking, and a bit of luck. Embrace opportunities that come your way, but also focus on developing your craft, expanding your fanbase, and exploring diverse promotional strategies beyond SoundCloud to increase your chances of long-term | eng | e6c59ab1-2837-4dc9-b2de-3d64f97bd5bc | https://musicmarketing.app/if-several-famous-artists-like-and-repost-my-soundcloud-music-is-it-possible-that-i-will-become-famous-too/ |
Diabetes Tips: Control Your Condition Efficiently
No products found.
Understanding Diabetes: A Brief Overview
Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It occurs when the body is unable to properly regulate blood sugar levels. If left uncontrolled, diabetes can lead to serious health complications. In this article, we will discuss some valuable tips to help you efficiently manage your diabetes and lead a healthier Portion control is also essential to keep your blood sugar stable throughout the day.
Monitor Your Blood Sugar Levels
Regularly monitoring your blood sugar levels is vital for effective diabetes management. Use a blood glucose meter to measure your blood sugar levels at different times of the day. This will help you understand how certain foods, activities, and medications affect your blood sugar. By keeping track of your levels, you can make necessary adjustments to your diet and lifestyle to maintain stable blood sugar levels.
Stay Active
Engaging in regular physical activity is beneficial for everyone, especially those with diabetes. Exercise helps lower blood sugar levels, improve insulin sensitivity, and maintain a healthy weight. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise, such as brisk walking, cycling, or swimming, most days of the week. Consult with your healthcare provider before starting any new exercise regimen.
Take Medications as Prescribed
If your healthcare provider has prescribed medications to manage your diabetes, it is crucial to take them as directed. Medications such as insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents help regulate blood sugar levels and prevent complications. Follow your healthcare provider's instructions carefully and never skip or alter your medication dosage without consulting them first.
Manage Stress Levels
Stress can significantly impact blood sugar levels in individuals with diabetes. Find healthy ways to manage stress, such as practicing relaxation techniques, engaging in hobbies, or seeking support from friends and family. Adequate sleep and regular self-care activities can also help reduce stress levels and promote overall well-being.
Regular Check-ups and Screenings
Schedule regular check-ups with your healthcare provider to monitor your diabetes and overall health. They can perform necessary screenings, such as A1C tests, cholesterol checks, and eye exams, to detect any potential complications early on. By staying proactive and addressing any concerns promptly, you can effectively manage your condition and prevent further complications.
Conclusion
Taking control of your diabetes requires a holistic approach that includes a balanced diet, regular exercise, medication management, stress reduction, and regular check-ups. By following these tips, you can efficiently manage your condition and lead a healthier, more fulfilling life. Remember, always consult with your healthcare provider for personalized advice and guidance tailored to your specific needs. | eng | f6cc6457-a119-4996-9c38-e117201525c4 | https://reversal.ca/diabetes-tips-control-your-condition-efficiently/ |
increasing courage and determination, Norma Rae organizes her fellow factory workers to fight for better conditions and wages. Based on a true story increasing courage and determination, Norma Rae organizes her fellow factory workers to fight for better conditions and wages. Based on a true story Nelson Nelson | eng | d5722d1b-690b-4c2d-8c0e-319176e82444 | https://tacoma.bibliocommons.com/list/share/515946100_tacomalibrary/2053320589_women_of_power_at_the_movies |
New Press Release
10/24/2023
TOPIC TUESDAY
This week's topic is Halloween safety. This year, trick-or-treating will be observed on Halloween night. We want your child to have a happy and safe Halloween night! You can do that by making sure you take candy from people and organizations you trust. Check the candy wrapping and possible allergens before eating or allowing your child to consume the candy. If the houses have the lights off, please don't disturb the residents. Travel for trick-or-treating in groups to verify that no one gets lost. You can also have a designated adult in your group to keep track of the people in your party. Life360 and FindMyFriends are great tools for this. If your child chooses to dress in a costume, be sure to take a picture and have an accurate description of possible clothing under the costume. Make sure your child knows your name and phone number (if possible) or have this information on the child somewhere in case they get lost. If you or your trick-or-treating group come across a lost child, please do not put them in your car or take them somewhere else. Contact the parent or law enforcement and keep the child in that area to verify that you and the child can be found.
Multiple churches in the area are having trunk or treating and events over the weekend and on Halloween. Columbia County Courthouse is open from 2:30-4:30PM for trick-or-treaters on Halloween, and law enforcement and other first responders will be in attendance at Farmer's Bank & Trust main branch for trick-or-treating that evening. Magnolia Boys & Girls Club is also having a trunk or treat that will be until 6:00PM. | eng | 855dcb6a-e41c-4e2b-ae16-c5376ba2ef86 | https://www.columbiacountysheriffar.org/press_view.php?id=184 |
ShareMenu
Based on information submitted to the MLS GRID as of 6/4/2023 3 | eng | 31475259-f9f7-4772-8beb-b99b7e877da2 | https://www.allcarolinahomes.com/homes/nc/charlotte/nccanopyresallcar4001411car114830256/9505-greyson-ridge-dr-charlotte-nc-28277 |
How does one ask Facebook to correct a location? It is confusing here in Blockhouse Bay as there is a Blockhouse Bay Recreation/Recreational Reserve and there is a Blockhouse Bay Beach Reserve. Facebook has the pin for the BBRR in the BBBR. | eng | f9f224a5-88e7-49d5-9b74-ecc7320b6a8e | https://forum.openstreetmap.fr/t/correction-of-a-park-name-auckland-nz/16456 |
Are tapioca flour and arrowroot interchangeableIn this way, can I use cornstarch instead of does arrowroot powder do?
5 Ways to Cook With Arrowroot Powder. Arrow xanthan gum in place of arrowroot12
Can you substitute cornstarch for tapioca3
What can be used in place of tapioca?
Use one tablespoon of arrowroot, cornstarch or flour for every 1-1/2 teaspoons of tapioca starch called for. These substitutes are intended to replace the tapioca in pie fillings, cobblers and similar dishes.
4
Can you substitute cornstarch for tapioca starch?
Use Tapioca Flour. Also know as tapioca starch, it's a great substitute. You'll want to use 2 tablespoons for every 1 tablespoon of cornstarch.
56
Is tapioca and cassava the same thing?
Tapioca is a starch extracted from the cassava root through a process of washing and pulping. The wet pulp is then squeezed to extract a starchy liquid. Once all the water evaporates from the starchy liquid, the tapioca flour remains. Alternatively, cassava flour is the whole root, simply peeled, dried and ground.
7
Can you use almond flour instead of tapioca flour?
If you have selected a gluten-free recipe, use certified gluten-free oats. You can substitute almond flour with oat flour. You can use 1 cup of tapioca flour (heaped) and one cup of coconut flour (slightly scant) in place of 2 cups of almond flour or wheat flour in a recipe.
89
Is tapioca starch allowed on Paleo?
Tapioca flour, also known as tapioca starch, is an ingredient often found in Paleo recipes. It is made from the starchy root vegetable known as the yucca or cassava.
1011
Can I use tapioca flour to thicken gravy?
Tips: To avoid lumps, mix the starch with an equal amount of cold liquid until it forms a paste, then whisk it into the liquid you're trying to thicken. Cornstarch, arrowroot, and tapioca are the most popular starch thickeners.
12
Can you use tapioca flour instead of rice flour?
For example, if you are working with a bread recipe calling for 2 cups of rice flour use 1 cup rice flour and 1 cup tapioca flour. However, since you need to double the amount when substituting tapioca flour you would need to use 2 cups of tapioca flour along with 1 cup of rice flour.
13
What is a good replacement for14
Is tapioca starch vegan friendly?
Tapioca comes from a plant, so yes, vegans can eat it. Tapioca is a starch extracted from the root of the plant species Manihot esculenta. This species, native to the Amazon (e.g., Brazil), is now cultivated worldwide and has many names, including cassava.
15
Is tapioca grain?
Tapioca is an alternative starch that may or may not belong on the Paleo menu. As a matter of classification, let's start by defining what tapioca is not: it isn't a grain, legume or potato. It's the purified starch of the cassava root and is both gluten- and dairy-free.
16
What is the tapioca starch? The flour is made from the starch extracted from the South American cassava plant.
1718
What is in arrowroot flour1920
Can arrowroot be used in place of cream of tartar?
Arrowroot and tapioca flour work similarly and can often be interchanged in recipes. For every cup of flour called for in a recipe substitute with 3/4 c hard whole wheat and 2 Tablespoons arrowroot. Whipped Egg Whites. I often use arrowroot for whipping egg whites instead of cream of tartar. | eng | f2742c42-4903-4155-bdaa-589000e5bdce | https://answersdrive.com/are-tapioca-flour-and-arrowroot-interchangeable-454613 |
About Us
Our Mission
The Minnesota Internship Center partners with communities and learners to achieve academic, career, and life success.
The Minnesota Internship Center (MNIC) is a public charter high school that is sponsored by Pillsbury United Communities. MNIC opened in 2003 with the goal of providing high-quality educational and career development experiences to learners with multiple challenges or those who have encountered difficulties in traditional public school settings. Today MNIC serves nearly 500 learners at four Minneapolis and St. Paul sites, and employs 70 full and part-time staff.
See the Data Reports Section of the Minnesota Department of Education for more detailed information about our school and Multiple Measures status.
See our Non-Discrimination Policy Statement It is MNIC's policy to provide equal educational opportunity for all students. The school district does not unlawfully discriminate on the basis of race, color, creed, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, parental status, status with regard to public assistance, disability, sexual orientation or age. The school district also makes reasonable accommodations for disabled students.
MNIC focuses on building strong professional relationships with our students. Students stay with the same one or two teachers all day. This minimizes transitions during the school day which is helpful to our students. All MNIC staff and volunteers play an important role in creating an environment where everyone is valued and understood.
Strong Support
The MNIC school mission speaks to academic, career, and life success for our students. All MNIC staff focuses on this holistic mission, but the Student Support Services Team consists of staff members who focus on non-academic student needs. The Students Support Services Team includes the Director of Student Support Services, four school social workers, the Housing Liaison, the Health Coordinator, College and Career Advocates, Sexual Health Mentor, and AmeriCorps Promise Fellows, along with many volunteers and interns.
Safety Team
The MNIC Dean of Students leads the MNIC Safety Team. Safety Team members work at each of the MNIC sites and provide mentorship to students to help ensure safe student behaviors and strong support to students during times of stress and tension during the school day.
Highly Engaged Activities
Many MNIC students have had very interrupted educations, and as a result, have become somewhat disengaged with the learning process. MNIC provides students with highly engaged activities including field trips, speakers, service learning projects, hands on classroom activities and the opportunity to earn credit while working or volunteering in the community. | eng | 9ed18f93-f1b0-475c-bf87-635e2544a2bb | https://www.mnic.org/apps/pages/index.jsp?uREC_ID=2616386&type=d&pREC_ID=2266854 |
"In the past decade, higher education has experienced a major shift toward digital experiences. This change reflects the way in which the rising generation prefers to engage with each other and with their instructors—as well as how they desire to learn. It's an evolution that is echoed at campuses across the nation."—Source: eCampus News
AI is in the spotlight at IU. New machine learning-powered solutions, like InScribe, are helping educational stakeholders share and access knowledge more openly. AI also proving to be a transformational ingredient in a robust crowd-sourcing tool for UI's 114,000 students (across eight campuses and multiple satellite locations). | eng | 0fa45258-194b-4d8f-b517-5bc87a194f8d | https://www.avnetwork.com/news/4-ways-our-campus-uses-machine-learning-to-build-community-and-empower-students-ecampus-news |
Identify Learning Theories Assignment
Go back to the area of curriculum content you chose in Week 3 for the Problem of the Match assignment, and submit a two-page paper that addresses the following points.
Identify the learning theory (or theories) that is the basis for the suggested learning activities.
What additional learning activities, based on other theories of learning could be added? For example, you might want to look at the effective practices under the Constructive Learning Theories and measure the curriculum you have chosen with these practicesWell done.
Looking foward to working with you again
Customer 463463, December 12th, 2022
Business
WORK WELL DONE!
Customer 463463, November 1st, 2022
Military
good job
Customer 456821, October 24th, 2022
Law
good job
Customer 452741, March 27th, 2020
History
The work was of amazing quality and was even better than I could have imagined.
Customer 454439, June 1st, 2020
Ethics
Good Job!
Customer 454777, July 8th, 2020
Political science
Great job
God bless you
Customer 453983, February 4th, 2020
Critical Reading and Writing
Excellent responses. Be keen on Grammar.
Customer 460653, April 4th, 2022
Nursing
paper was not completed by due date
Customer 454371, May 25th, 2020
Healthcare & Medical
Great
Customer 463473, November 4 | eng | f9ef9ab6-d5a6-4f0e-977e-80b0c601ddfe | https://australiaassessments.com/2020/02/24/identify-learning-theories-assignment/ |
Skillroads
Scalenut
At a Glance
4.5
AI Writing Assistants
Starting at $0
per month
4.7
AI Writing Assistants
Starting at $29
per month
Overview
Skillroads
Skillroads is an advanced online software that offers personalized career development services to help individuals reach their professional goals. Unlike other career development platforms, Skillroads uses advanced machine learning algorithms to analyze an individual's skills, experience, and career… Learn more
Target Market | eng | bd4d9f69-9f36-49a9-9ba3-23ac37022505 | https://findstack.com/compare/skillroads-vs-scalenut/ |
Be aware that a George Thompson (georgethompson999@gmail.com) has been making the rounds. He hit up our local EAA chapter with a bunch of stuff for sale. He's widely reported on other non-aviation sites to be a scammer.
FYI,
Most often, the scammer is using the email address of a person or business that they have [stolen]
[...]
they contact the provider [gmail, hotmail, etc] pretending to be you. They say that they have forgotten their [your] password.
The email provider texts you with a code, to verify it's you. They text you on some pretext [usually that they are from the email provider], asking for the code. If you give it to them, they [take over your email acct]
You think you're safe because you've set up two-factor-authentication on your bank account, 401(k), and go through the extra hassle every time you login, right? But now those codes get texted to THEM instead of you.
It's a real PITA. People have had their accounts drained. The thieves especially target retirement accounts because people tend to monitor them less carefully/frequently than their banking accounts..
Don't use two factor authentication that sends a text to your phone if there are other options. Use a 2FA app like Lastpass Authenticator or Google Authenticator. If you want even better security, use a YubiKey or Google Titan to secure your accounts.
I use Lastpass and YubiKey. I made a randomly named email account that is secured with the YubiKey. All my important online stuff is set to that account.
I enable 2FA using the LastPass authenticator on every account that has the option. Banking and similar accounts use the YubiKey | eng | 52705549-f544-4fd2-b29d-4dd96ad19bf0 | https://vansairforce.net/community/showthread.php?s=c278e262b273fd8a5377b14faad17de3&t=201739&page=3 |
Smart and Simple Ways That Your Household Can Go Greener This Year
Let's face it: we are all looking for ways to go greener. Over the past few years, it has been impossible to ignore the signs of climate change. It tells that global warming has dominated the news cycle to the extent that it has since 2020. We have seen extreme weather events worldwide, from Australia to Texas. We have seen the world's leaders gather to try and hammer out a global agreement that will impact the way things are going, and our President is investing huge sums of money into the effort. When an issue is as huge as climate change is, it can sometimes feel like our impact as individuals are minimal.
But there are so many things that we can do that will affect us, and we all need to be stepping up to take responsibility. With that in mind, we have put together a list of simple things that you can do to cut down on your carbon footprint at home and how you can help the local wildlife in your area. Let's get started.
Think Bigger With Your Recycling
It seems safe to assume that we all recycle a lot of our household waste these days. We rinse out our cans and bottles, separate our trash, and we always check the label to see if what we are buying can be recycled. However, there is more than you can be doing beyond your typical household waste to go greener.
One of the biggest issues we are facing in recycling is our electronics. Every time we buy a new computer, tablet, TV, or phone, we are faced with the issue of what we are going to do with our old ones. This is how we end up with such a colossal amount of electronic waste (or e-waste). So, before you throw your old electronics in the trash, check to see if they still work. If so, consider giving them to a charity shop or a local institution. If not, find out where your nearest electronic recycling center is.
Image by OpenClipart-Vectors from Pixabay
Think About Your Appliances
We all know that our old appliances are responsible for eating up a huge chunk of our energy bills. As the technology develops, the energy rating for everything from cookers to washer dryers improves. However, many of us are still using outdated models that consume a tremendous amount of energy. There are several different solutions that you could consider if you want to cut down on your bills and your carbon footprint and go greener.
The first would be to replace your existing appliances with newer models, although this is a costly step to take. Alternatively, you could make sure that you use them as little as possible. This is an approach that is somewhat limited and limiting, but you can certainly save a good chunk of money by air-drying your clothes instead of putting them through the dryer. If you cannot upgrade your own machines, think about using a laundry with energy-efficient washers and dryers. Try the smart washers by Sundancewash to see how their smart technology can make your clothes cleaner and your experience better. They offer a range of soaps and payment options, and they offer a friendly, clean environment to give you the best possible service. Think about using solar panels to reduce your electric bill and be more sustainable.
Look At Your Insulation
Speaking of energy bills, there is nothing more frustrating than realizing that your home is simply incapable of staying at the temperature you want, no matter how long you blast the heating or the air conditioning. If you are spending a lot of money on your thermostat with very little to show for it, you may be looking at an insulation issue.
It is well worth getting someone out to look at some of the classic problem areas of the home, such as your attic or basement to find ways to go greener. Exterior-facing walls could also be a point of energy loss. If you are committed to staying in your home for the foreseeable future, you will want to take this step as we start to see more extremes of both heat and cold.
Look At How Your Garden Can Attract Wildlife
We are seeing a shocking decrease in the number of birds and insect life worldwide. Many people only think about how these issues impact their day today, but the fact is that these losses have a tremendous impact on our environment. Now, you may not be able to install a full bee colony on your property (although if you are, this is definitely something that you should think about), but there are plenty of steps that you can take to help to boost the number of wildlife species in your area. Putting in bushes that attract insect life will also help to draw birds to your property. Install a birdbath or water feature to bring in some more feathered friends and think about putting some food out for them too. Just remember to put it all out of reach if you have a cat!
Shop Responsibly
It can be tough to shop locally when you are in a rush, but this is one of the most effective things that you can do to cut down on your own carbon footprint and go greener. Do your research to find out what stores in your area offer produce that has not had a ridiculously long journey to reach you. Local stores will be more than happy to talk to you about where their goods have come from.
Committing to a meat-free diet is a good thing to do for the environment, but you still need to be aware of how your fruits and vegetables have got to your dinner plate. Try to shop for produce that is in season if you can. Finally, a note about clothes. There has been a big push towards sustainable fashion in recent years. More and more brands are being upfront about how their wares are made. Check online before you buy to ensure that the manufacturers are as conscientious as you are. | eng | 051b0911-95c5-46a9-b340-d5c30b0a1ce7 | https://lifeyourway.net/smart-and-simple-ways-that-your-household-can-go-greener-this-year/ |
Marketing continuing education programs | eng | 0ba7c71c-3362-449e-89f9-a262671d117b | https://www.talkvietnam.com/tag/marketing-continuing-education-programs/ |
Links
The Atlas Six by Olivie Blake (The Atlas #1)
When the newest candidates are recruited by the mysterious Atlas Blakely, they are told they will have one year to qualify for initiation, during which time they will be permitted preliminary access to the Society's archives and judged based on their contributions to various subjects of impossibility: time and space, luck and thought, life and death. Five, they are told, will be initiated. One will be eliminated. The six potential initiates will fight to survive the next year of their lives, and if they can prove themselves to be the best among their rivals, most of them will.
I was initially drawn in by the premise, a group of magicians brought to the Library of Alexandria have a year to decide which one of them will be eliminated and which five get to stay for another year. The cast of characters is pretty diverse (though a bit of that initial feeling of diversity was dampened when I realized all of them seemed to have English as their first language, which instantly shrunk the practical candidate pool). Part of the story questions the validity and methods of the entire enterprise, so that leaves some wiggle room for explaining why the candidates aren't actually very diverse (only six total, and two are from the same school in the USA?). Additionally, this could have been the library of Atlantis or Boston and it would have had just as much relevance to the plot. The latest incarnation of the "Library of Alexandria" is physically located in London, in the UK. It became clear pretty quickly that "Alexandria" is just a name, and an indication of thousands of years of whatever this thing is (or at least a claim to that long legacy). There are vague descriptions of the category of study and experiments which the candidates are pursuing, but most of the story is actually a very intense and complicated web of power plays and personal dynamics between the six candidates and the two Alexandrians who oversee them (mostly one of them). There's a pretty intense sex scene about halfway through which I actually didn't mind, but it felt like a sudden shift in tone from the rest of the book.
The characters seemed initially pretty interesting, but there's very little description of how their powers actually work. There are discussions of magical theory which I enjoyed, but they were usually couched in ways where the magic is actually secondary, which made them feel unmoored from the world being built.
It's six (sometimes eight) people in a house, talking to each other and slowly changing how they feel about one another, which is not what I was expecting in a book about "magicians living in the Library of Alexandria".
Ultimately I stopped because it became clearly stated that the whole thing is a slow burn trolley problem, and I don't like trolley problem situations. | eng | 47438fa8-9976-4f22-b2ff-70131178aa09 | https://reviews.booksthatburn.com/2023/01/blake-six.html |
Interesting Quiz About Hebert SpencerHerbert Spencer is a specialist in 5 differents field which includes; Anthropologist, Sociologist, Biologist, English Philosopher and important classical liberal political theorist of the Victorian Era, Spencer as a person of great and varied learning make him contributed to various fields or subjects: Biology, Sociology, Anthropology, Ethics, Religion, Philosophy and Political theory.
Questions and Answers
1.
When was Herbert Spencer born?
A.
16 August 1850
B.
19 January 1840
C.
27 April 1820
D.
30 December 1830
Correct Answer C. 27 April 1820
Explanation Herbert Spencer was born on 27 April 1820.
Rate this question:
2.
Spencer as a ........................... he contributed to many subjects?
A.
Polyphony
B.
Polynomial
C.
Polygon
D.
Polymath
Correct Answer D. Polymath
Explanation A polymath is someone who has expertise in multiple subjects and is knowledgeable in various fields. Spencer, being described as a polymath, implies that he has made contributions to many different subjects.
Rate this question:
3.
What is the name of Spencer's father?
A.
Jack Philip Spencer
B.
William George Spencer
C.
Alex Ben Spencer
D.
Chris Nelson Spencer
Correct Answer B. William George Spencer
Explanation The correct answer is William George Spencer.
Rate this question:
4.
Spencer worked as a ................................. during the railway boom in the late 1830s?
A.
Civil Engineer
B.
Accountant
C.
Mass Communicator
D.
Teacher
Correct Answer A. Civil Engineer
Explanation During the railway boom in the late 1830s, there was a high demand for professionals who could design and construct railway infrastructure. A civil engineer is a person who specializes in the planning, design, and construction of public works such as railways, bridges, and roads. Therefore, it is likely that Spencer worked as a civil engineer during this time to contribute to the railway boom.
Rate this question:
5.
What is Spencer Nationality?
A.
Australian
B.
Philippine
C.
Swedish
D.
British
Correct Answer D. British
Explanation Based on the given options, it can be inferred that Spencer's nationality is British.
Rate this question:
6.
Who educated Spencer in the empirical science?
A.
His Father
B.
His Mother
C.
His Sister
D.
His Uncle
Correct Answer A. His Father
Explanation Spencer was educated in the empirical science by his father.
Rate this question:
7.
What was the titled of the first book produced by Spencer?
A.
Statistics Ways
B.
The Shinning
C.
Social Statics
D.
Human Policy
Correct Answer C. Social Statics
Explanation The correct answer is "Social Statics." This book was the first one written by Herbert Spencer, an English philosopher and sociologist. Published in 1851, "Social Statics" explores various topics including individual freedom, the role of government, and the principles of social organization. It is considered one of Spencer's most influential works and contributed to the development of social Darwinism.
Rate this question:
8.
Which year was Spencer first book published?
A.
1849
B.
1851
C.
1860
D.
1865
Correct Answer B. 1851
Explanation Spencer's first book was published in 1851.
Rate this question:
9.
What was the title of the second book published by Spencer?
A.
Principles Of Logistics
B.
Principles of Philosophy
C.
Principles of Psychology
D.
Principles of Sociology
Correct Answer B. Principles of Philosophy
Explanation The correct answer is Principles of Philosophy. This can be inferred from the question which asks for the title of the second book published by Spencer. Since Principles of Philosophy is listed as the second option, it can be concluded that this is the correct answer. | eng | dd477595-9039-4377-8a31-26e96cb33391 | https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=3dq-interesting-quiz-about-hebert-soencer |
15 Not-So-Known Facts about the Indian Ocean
Covering the entire expanse of the area south of the Indian subcontinent, the Indian Ocean is a vast feature of the earth's geographical blueprint. Read along to know 15 interesting facts about the Indian Ocean.
1. Indian Ocean is the third-largest Ocean in the world
The Indian Ocean Region is strategically positioned. It is also the third-biggest of the world's five oceans. It spans over 6200 miles between the southern end of Africa and Australia, excluding the extent of its marginal water bodies.
It has an area of around 27,243,000 square miles or 70,560,000 square kilometres. Its average depth is 12,274 feet or 3,741 metres. The deepest point lies in the Sunda Deep of the Java Trench, off the southern coast of Java (Indonesia), and is 24,442 feet or 7,450 metres below water.
It is surrounded by Iran, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh from the north, the Malay Peninsula, Sunda islands of Indonesia and Australia to the east, the Southern Ocean towards the south and Africa and the Arabian Peninsula from the west. It is linked to the Atlantic Ocean, mingling with the Pacific Ocean waters from the southeast.
2. Indian Ocean has critical maritime chokepoints, Gulfs and Bays
It has crucial chokepoints like the Bab el Mandeb, the Strait of Hormuz, the Strait of Malacca, the southern access to the Suez Canal and the Lombak Strait.
Towards the north of the Indian Ocean lies the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf. To the northwest lies the Arabian sea, and to the northeast is the Andaman sea. The famous gulfs of Aden and Oman are to the northwest, while the Bay of Bengal is to the northeast. The Great Australian Bight lies off the southern Australian Coast.
3. It is a vital geographic entityThe question of defining its boundaries remains a point of contention. The most accepted border is one with the Atlantic, running from Cape Agulhas, from the southern tips of Africa further southward. The Pacific Ocean border is marked from South East Cape on Tasmania island along the 147° E meridian.
4. Indian Ocean Covers 20% of the Earth's Surface
The first bit of Indian Ocean information that gets hold of anyone's attention is its size. And it does not just look huge; it is huge. Covering almost 20% of the earth's total surface, the Indian Ocean makes a huge contribution to the water load of the world.
Owing to its vast size, the Indian Ocean has a whooping volume of 292,131,000 cubic kilometres, with an average depth of 3890 meters.
5. Strategically positioned on the earth's surface
The Indian Ocean is bound by several continents on each side, with the Indian subcontinent towards the north, Africa towards the west, The Sunda Islands and Australian lands towards the east and Antarctica towards the south.
The geographical facts about the Indian Ocean depict the diversity of this Ocean through 57 island groups, 16 African countries and 18 Asian countries being connected directly through its waters. Many other smaller ports or larger cities are connected indirectly through navigational options of this Ocean.
6. It is essential for World geopolitics
A country that has a strong security position in the Indian Ocean would be viable for other littoral nations lying on the Indian ocean coastline like Africa, the countries in the Middle East and South Asia. After the end of the second world war, nations focussed on internal economic and security issues.
The island nations grouped into subregions while dividing the Ocean into the Eastern Indian Ocean and the Western Indian Ocean. The Indian Ocean is a strategic water body, and it played a vital role in the Cold War when the world was divided into two camps headed by the United States and the Soviet Union. India, on the other hand, maintained a position of neutrality.
7. The Highest Point is at the Sea Level Itself
Owing to the Ocean's depth, it is interesting Indian Ocean information is that the lowest part of this Ocean is about 7,258 m deep-lying on the Java Trench of the Sunda Shelf, while its highest point is at sea level.
8. Limited Marine Life Due To High Water Temperatures
A rather interesting bit of information on the Indian Ocean is its limited marine animal life due to its higher water temperature. This Ocean is the warmest in the world and offers little scope to plankton and other species for growth.
Shrimp and tuna are found in abundance in the Indian Ocean. They are also caught and exported to European nations. Many endangered species like the dugong, seals, turtles and whales live in the Indian Ocean. These animals are threatened by illegal fishing while other illicit activities like human trafficking, maritime piracy, drug smuggling etc., also happen via important waterways like the Indian Ocean.
9. Has Unique Chemical and Physical Properties
This Ocean holds a unique place owing to its properties. As mentioned in the Indian Ocean facts, the water here has the highest concentration of dissolved and floating hydrocarbons, has maximum negative water balance and is a single source of water with the highest and lowest salinity levels.
10. Has Several Tectonic Plate Boundaries
The Indian Ocean basin was formed due to the break up of the supercontinent Gondwanaland around 180 million years ago. The Indian subcontinent began moving northward 125 million years ago, closer to Eurasia. About 53 million years ago, Africa moved westward, and Australia separated from Antarctica.One of the little-known facts about the Indian Ocean is that it bears many tectonic plate boundaries, including the Rodrigues Triple Point, where African, Indo-Australian, and Antarctic continental plates merge.
11. Has the Lowest Oxygen Content
Waters in the Indian Ocean have one of the lowest oxygen content in the world owing to a greater evaporation rate in this Ocean than its runoff or precipitation influx. This makes life growth in the Indian Ocean rather unique.
12. 6000km of River Run
This Ocean receives about 6000 km of river runoff from various parts, including the Ganges and Brahmaputra- two of the largest rivers. Due to the closeness to the equator, the evaporation rate here remains considerably high.
13. Indian Ocean has the World's Most Important PortsThese ports are important trade points in their respective countries and globally too. This can be attributed to the Indian Ocean's store of heavy minerals and offshore deposits.
14. Oil Deposit that Accounts for 40% of World Production
The Indian Ocean has a contribution to world trade. Besides the navigation routes and mineral deposits, this Ocean also has many oil deposits, which make up about 40 per cent of total world production.
15. Has a Submerged Continent
An exciting trivia from Indian Ocean facts is the discovery of a submerged continent in this Ocean named- the Kerguelen Plateau' which is believed to be of volcanic origins. The Indian Ocean is vital in shaping world history through trade relations between ancient civilizations that developed on its coasts. The world's oldest civilisations, like the Mesopotamian civilisation, ancient Egyptian and the Indus Valley Civilisation, flourished around the Indian Ocean. Later, power blocs fought to control it during World War II.
Frequently Asked Questions-
1. How big is the Indian Ocean?
The Indian Ocean is the third largest ocean among the world's five oceans. It has an area of around 27,243,000 square miles or 70,560,000 square kilometres. Its average depth is 12,274 feet or 3,741 metres.
2. Where is the deepest point of the Indian Ocean?
The deepest point lies in the Sunda Deep of the Java Trench, off the southern coast of Java (Indonesia), and is 24,442 feet or 7,450 metres below water.
3. What are some factors which make the Indian Ocean Unique?4. When was the Indian Ocean formed?5. What are some of the major ports of the Indian Ocean? | eng | f4cea4c3-e061-4e00-9bf8-a83e38934f2d | https://www.marineinsight.com/know-more/15-not-so-known-facts-about-the-indian-ocean/ |
The couch table is made of solid rough mango wood, a tropical hardwood with the strength to bear the weight. It also stands the wear and tear of time, making it stable and durable. The craftsmanship and the beautiful wood grains make every piece of furniture unique and slightly different from the next. This sofa table also features 4 drawers and a shelf, providing ample storage space for keeping your essential items organised and within reach.
Important note: Colours and grains vary from piece to piece, making each piece unique; the delivery is random. | eng | d4cadbda-ad9c-48e7-b7ae-ed30e8bd2c34 | https://99fab.com/products/coffee-table-34-6-x19-7-x15-rough-mango-wood |
Imagine this: you've come up with a writing project that you're excited about. You sit down, get words on the page, and things are moving along nicely. And then you hit a snag. Writer's block has appeared. So how can you fight it | eng | 1a8b4594-6080-468b-bff8-174af097b6fb | https://kdediting.com/tag/fiction-editor/ |
What Are Mentastics?
Relaxation and exercise play a key role in living a healthy life. One way to work your body and loosen up at the same time is by trying Dr. Trager's kind of massage and body therapy, called the Trager Approach. Mentastics, which stands for Mental Gymnastics, are part of this approach that was developed in the 1920s.
What Is the Trager Approach?
Dr. Trager's approach consists of two interconnected parts: tablework and Mentastics. The former is passive and the latter is active. More exactly, during tablework the practitioner performs bodywork exercises on the participant, which induce relaxation. The practitioner uses mental techniques to attain a state called "hookup", which facilitates an energetic flow between the practitioner and the participant. The second component of the Trager approach is Mentastics, which is based on active participation.
What Are Mentastics, more exactly?
Mentastics are a series of exercises that allow you to release stress and tension in an easy and playful way. Practitioners show the participants how to attain a state of comfort by moving freely and relaxing both their body and mind. Mentastics exercises can be performed under the guidance of a trainer, in groups, or on your own.
Natural Movement and Relaxation
The key element in Mentastics is moving naturally. All movements are simple and gentle; they are meant to enhance flexibility and free your body and mind. Mentastics are suitable for all ages and ability levels due to the moderate effort required when performing this kind of exercise. In Mentastics, movements flow naturally. The purpose is to regain the freedom you had as child, when the way you moved was completely free and unhindered. The techniques used in Mentastics are based on visualization, which are followed by graceful body movements with the purpose of achieving a state of relaxation.
Need Some Guidance?
If you want to give Mentastics a try, TalkLocal can put you in touch with an experienced practitioner who can guide your steps. Our service is free, and it gets you started immediately on the way to a healthier lifestyle.
Related Posts:
This entry was originally posted
on Tuesday, August 6th, 2013 at 10:00 am and is filed under Personal Trainers.
You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed.
You can skip to the end and leave a response. Pinging is currently not allowed. | eng | 83e84878-5195-4ab7-b95b-48232bd4545e | http://www.talklocal.com/blog/2013/08/s/personal-trainers/what-are-mentastics/ |
There are countless Sci-Fi works featuring Virtual Reality (Definition: A computer-generated simulation of a three-dimensional image or environment that can be interacted with in a seemingly real or physical way by a person). The Matrix, Tron, Neuromancer are great examples.
Short story. * Time: around A.D. 4500. Place: exact location not clear, but the people concerned seem to be Scandinavians. Their land is near the ancient country of the Anglesk, but is isolated by a new mountain that has risen, blocking entrance. * In the land of Alvrosdale, the culture is not barbaric, but mechanical civilization has died, and machines are regarded with horror and aversion. Since the land is small and overpopulation is a problem, each year, on a certain day, a number of the more adventurous young people take artificial wings and try to fly over the mountain to the fair, but deeserted lands of the Anglesk on the other side. Quite a few die along the way. * The chief elder, Hal Hallstrom, tells candidates of his experience when he was young. There were no wings then, and he climbed the nearly unpassable mountain and descended with great difficulty and peril. (He seems to have been the first to do so.) * He found a green, pleasant land with many ruins, some filled with elaborate, decayed machinery, but never a living soul. Eventually he saw a light, and, entering a building, found many corpses covered almost completely with wires. To his horror, some were alive, though almost motionless. He then encountered an ancient man, who was ambulatory, but was covered with wires. * The ancient man, applying a thought helmet to Hal, taught him the language and told him what was going on. Over the centuries, the English became more and more jaded, abandoning actual life for synthetic thrills like radio, motion pictures, and television. Thus, when a medical breakthrough provided artificial sensory organs, the next step was programmed adventures, at first realistic, but then wish-fulfillment exploits for the individual. There were enormous libraries of such artificial lives. The individual, his sensory organs removed, was hooked up to dream machines and provided with mechanical artificial sustenance. Life was thus abandoned for the illusion. It is the old man's task to care for the dreamers, who never emerge from the machines, but since the task is overwhelming, * The old man, who was not totally wired, would like to see Hal's land and showed Hal how to make artificial wings. They flew toward Alvrosdale, but the old man died along the way, and Hal returned alone with the secret of the wings, which are apparently gliders. * Pratt's writing mannerisms are sometimes annoying, but the story does hold one's attention. Manning's later treatment of the same theme in "The Man Who Awoke" is superior.
It predates computers, but the earliest technological (non-magical and non-philosophical) example I've found is ''Pygmalion's Spectacles'' by Stanley G. Weinbaum from 1935. Here is an excerpt where the protagonist, Dan, tries out the inventor's device:
"Here it is!" he gloated. "My liquid positive, the story. Hard photography—infernally hard, therefore the simplest story. A Utopia—just two characters and you, the audience. Now, put the spectacles on. Put them on and tell me what fools the Westman people are!" He decanted some of the liquid into the mask, and trailed a twisted wire to a device on the table. "A rectifier," he explained. "For the electrolysis."
"Must you use all the liquid?" asked Dan. "If you use part, do you see only part of the story? And which part?"
"Every drop has all of it, but you must fill the eye-pieces." Then as Dan slipped the device gingerly on, "So! Now what do you see?"
"Not a damn' thing. Just the windows and the lights across the street."
"Of course. But now I start the electrolysis. Now!"
There was a moment of chaos. The liquid before Dan's eyes clouded suddenly white, and formless sounds buzzed. He moved to tear the device from his head, but emerging forms in the mistiness caught his interest. Giant things were writhing there.
The scene steadied; the whiteness was dissipating like mist in summer. Unbelieving, still gripping the arms of that unseen chair, he was staring at a forest. But what a forest! Incredible, unearthly, beautiful! Smooth boles ascended inconceivably toward a brightening sky, trees bizarre as the forests of the Carboniferous age. Infinitely overhead swayed misty fronds, and the verdure showed brown and green in the heights. And there were birds—at least, curiously lovely pipings and twitterings were all about him though he saw no creatures—thin elfin whistlings like fairy bugles sounded softly.
He sat frozen, entranced. A louder fragment of melody drifted down to him, mounting in exquisite, ecstatic bursts, now clear as sounding metal, now soft as remembered music. For a moment he forgot the chair whose arms he gripped, the miserable hotel room invisibly about him, old Ludwig, his aching head. He imagined himself alone in the midst of that lovely glade. "Eden!" he muttered, and the swelling music of unseen voices answered.
Some measure of reason returned. "Illusion!" he told himself. Clever optical devices, not reality. He groped for the chair's arm, found it, and clung to it; he scraped his feet and found again an inconsistency. To his eyes the ground was mossy verdure; to his touch it was merely a thin hotel carpet.
As you're specifically asking for "digital computer-based virtual reality" stories, the oldest I know of fitting that exact bill is the 1964 book by Daniel F. Galouye, Simulacron-3 (also published as Counterfeit World).
This formed the basis for the 1973 German TV movie "Welt am Draht" or "World on a Wire". While other films and books have explored the notion of alternate/parallel realities, this is one of the earliest I've come across that explores the concept of a computer generated reality and predates the seminal Neuromancer by twenty years.
I know of it but I've never read so I can't comment on the technology he envisioned, although I think the actual technology is of secondary importance to the OP's question of computer-based virtual worlds stories. If The Lion of Comarre fits this bill then it's another fifteen years ahead of Simulacron-3 (good old Arthur beats everyone to it again!). World on a Wire is definitely worth hunting down though if you get the chance, and possibly one of the first examples of the genre to hit TV...
The First Electronic Age, Peyton knew, had begun in 1908, more than eleven centuries before, with De Forest's invention of the triode. The same fabulous century that had seen the coming of the World State, the aeroplane, the space-ship and atomic power had witnessed the invention of all the fundamental thermionic devices that made possible the civilization he knew.
The Second Electronic Age had come five hundred years later. It had been started not by the physicists but by the doctors and psychologists. For nearly five centuries they had been recording the electric currents that flow in the brain during the processes of thought. The analysis had been appallingly complex, but it had been completed after generations of toil. When it was finished the way lay open for the first machines that could read the human mind.
But this was only the beginning. Once man had discovered the mechanism of his own brain he could go further. He could reproduce it, using vacuum tubes and circuit networks instead of living cells.
Towards the end of the twenty-fifth century, the first thinking machines were built. They were very crude, a hundred square yards of equipment being required to do the work of a cubic centimeter of human brain. But once the first step had been taken it was not long before the mechanical brain was perfected and brought into general use.
{. . .]
The human mind was a delicate sheltered thing, having no direct contact with the world and gathering all its knowledge and experience through the body's senses. It was possible to record and store thoughts and emotions as earlier men had once recorded sound on miles of wire.
If those thoughts were projected into another mind, when the body was unconscious and all its senses numbed, that brain would think it was experiencing reality. There was no way in which it could detect the deception, any more than one can distinguish a perfectly recorded symphony from the original performance.
All this had been known for centuries, but the builders of Comarre had used the knowledge as no one in the world had ever done before. Somewhere in the city there must be machines that could analyze every thought and desire of those who entered. Elsewhere the city's makers must have stored every sensation and experience a human mind could know. From this raw material all possible futures could be constructed.
No wonder that everything he had ever longed for had been his in that already half-forgotten paradise. And no wonder that through the ages so many had sought the peace only Comarre could bring! | eng | 22153e1a-b5bb-440d-8143-7d4c6e8dca07 | https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/85485/which-sci-fi-work-introduced-the-idea-of-virtual-reality |
The Difference Between Men and Women How They Think and Relationships Part II
There are many factors socially, psychologically, and biologically that define the differences in men and woman, and it all becomes a mass of confusion when the smoke clears, if it ever does. We find ourselves wondering why marriages are so difficult, why tensions between the sexes can become so inexplicably intolerable, even at the workplace. It was once thought that men and women could complement each other because of their varying skills and natural ability. One was the better provider both physically and instinctively (males) while the other was a better empress of the nest so that each contributed their expertise building a better home environment.
Resistance
However, the changing complexion of a chaotic society under the siege of the left that apparently doesn't value a responsibly run household where children are properly parented, where a future can be built upon preparing kids for life's challenges. Engineering the breakdown of the American family is tantamount to Satan's plans if not the socialist left who seek to do away with normality. There's no denying politics plays a huge role in the attitude and behavior of women as well as men. There is no doubt that the narratives of the left have a disrupting influence on the family as well as the sexes.
The unseen enemy
Another aspect of the manner in which women think and behave differently than men is in an awkward aspect in family life talked about little though it acts influentially in society, and that's child abuse, emotionally, physically, and sexually. Women who have experienced sexual abuse do not farewell in the long run in relationships or in family. The hidden dirty secret eats away at trust, the emotional scars leave a broken person liable to lash out and do the same to others. This is why they say that child abuse often creates more victims as the victim often grows up to victimize, and men are not oblivious to this perpetuation of injustice themselves. However, with men expected to be problem solvers and have all the answers in order to go into marriage, careers, or society as leaders, putting up with a certain amount of abuse and simply keeping their mouths shut and sweeping it under the rug is common, ask any veteran of war or any high stress type of first responder duty which tends to be a lot more common than with women.
Negative pattern
For the woman who has experienced sexual, emotional, or physical abuse in the home growing up, she will never adapt to a normal marital situation as the very part of being in a marriage is the domestic aspect, the very place where she was violated, where her boundaries were forever breached. The resulting emotional status for her will be conditions such as bi-polar, sociopathy, psychopathological, even having an inappropriately bad temper, all these post traumatic aspects are deal breakers in a marriage already being tested with normal everyday challenges. Any spouse, male or female, that doles out this punishment upon their mate who might know or might not know out of the shame the afflicted person carries with them will also suffer the wages of abuse and its aftermath.
Where's the appreciation?
Once upon a time there was a famous saying that illustrated exactly how the importance of man supported by his wife could soar into success, "behind every successful man is a woman." Of course, the left had to chisel away at an expression such as that as being sexist and arcane. While of course a woman should never settle for being a man's support system by raising the family and giving him the emotional validation he needs to believe in himself bolstered by his wife's love. Gosh, how utterly self-deprecating that would be! Sacrifice as a virtue in society has become more of a rare commodity nowadays in normal existence where people have time to think, to live, and to make choices. Could we actually cast women in the role of being heroes simply for being a mother, a cook, a housekeeper, a lover, and a positive influence that will make her fondly remembered for the entire life of her children as they become adults and raise families? Absolutely. Would society reward her for that kind of toil and sacrifice? Not in today's culture of drag queens, transvestites, angry lesbians, man hating feminists, all bubbling to the surface in product advertising, school boards pushing inappropriate content, a world hostile to the heroic role of womanhood.
Just one more victim
This is not to say that women can't be in different roles like the Amelia Earhearts, the Madame Curies, and the Eleanor Roosevelts of the world, who made a difference. But, for the divorced former husband wondering what went wrong, and why he chose to depend upon a woman who had so much inner turmoil going on, the personal tragedy is an overwhelming life hurdle to deal with. Personally, I would attest to this, for I have been married to women plagued by a past they never asked for or deserved. Yet, the gun that never intended to kill has to be fired by someone, and that leaves another victim in the trail of injustice that many women live with, but often are tormented by for life.
True discrimination
Overcoming the challenge of the world is difficult for both sexes. Some cultures value women little in comparison to men and are even superstitious about it. In Chinese culture men worry about losing their power to women. They would rather have a boy than a baby girl. They see men as absolutely superior to women. As wives, in general, they are expected to be in a subservient role. In Japanese culture it is much the same with women being treated as second class citizens, and those century old stereotypes are very hard to change. For instance, in China if a woman fails to marry by her mid-twenties she becomes a "Leftover Woman" who the men will not want to marry anymore, a spinster, as we in the west have called it, but still in western culture, woman is much more revered and appreciated even if she is a sex object to some.
Nature designed both sexes for a reason
One thing is for certain. The difference in DNA and physique has placed women and men both in biologically superior roles that nature intended. Women should not be placed in athletic competition with men. It is an unfair advantage for the men. Women as combatants in the battlefield are at a distinct physical disadvantage as their male warrior team mates need fellow infantry who can keep up and endure under the rigors of combat. Politics will not overcome the natural advantages given to both men and women. It is said that for pain tolerance women excel as a man could never endure child birth. When the boat people from Vietnam crossed the Pacific to seek freedom in the US during extreme times of heat, starvation, and dehydration it was the women who survived whereas most of the men perished. Why? Nature intended for the woman to have the stronger survival instincts of her maternal role as she was meant to ensure the longevity of the species. Political distortion will not change that. | eng | 54498b1e-e3b0-48bb-892e-0f29f8ba7fd8 | https://12160.info/profiles/blogs/the-difference-between-men-and-women-how-they-think-and-1 |
ISPA WINNERS 2022
PHOTO STORY
WINNER
Elisabetta Zavoli
OLD TRADES AND NEW GENERATIONS
According to a recent study released by IUCN – International Union for Conservation of Nature in July 2021, it is estimated that the amount of waste in the Mediterranean Sea is 1.178 million tons. Tomas Parenti, 25 years-old, the youngest captain of trawler in Rimini's fleet, designed and tested a more efficient and qualitative fishing net that also collects waste. Under his father's guidance, a fisherman originally from Pantelleria (Sicily), Parenti learned about fishing. After taking part to CleanSea LIFE, a European project aiming at raising awareness about marine litter among various stakeholder, he modified his trawl net with a two-sacks ending, the upper one for catching fish, the lower one for collecting waste from the bottom of the sea. If implemented at a national level, this bottom-up solution could contribute to clean the sea in a bid to save marine resources and improve fishing sustainability. On assignment for Getty Images. | eng | 5debaf3d-e071-4222-9404-af38511958b0 | https://www.ispaward.com/en/winners/elisabetta-zavoli-old-trades-and-new-generations-108 |
Tag Archives: Fourier's Law
Model Description This demonstration illustrates the material property of thermal conductivity, and how this property affects conduction heat transfer in a solid. Concepts include Fourier's Law, conservation of energy and solid-liquid phase change. This demonstration should take 8-10 minutes. Engineering Principle Fourier's Law states that the heat transfer rate in a solid is proportional to […] | eng | 879b8372-ef12-4bb2-be3a-0115b20004db | https://www.handsonmechanics.org/tag/fouriers-law |
The Units program converts quantities expressed in various scales to their equivalents in other scales. The units program can handle multiplicative scale changes as well as nonlinear conversions such as Fahrenheit to Celsius or wire gauge. Units comes with an annotated, extendable database defining over two thousand units. | eng | 61e29717-5f47-4bc1-a335-81d4718ce0b2 | https://www.showappslike.com/Physics_Formulas_Calculator/ |
Bees
Getting stung by a bee usually isn't a pleasant experience. The majority of solitary bee species luckily don't have a painful sting, and rarely sting unless being aggravated or accidentally … Read more
Mason bees are from the genus Osmia and dominate a large section of the northern hemisphere. They typically resemble large flies with their dark and shiny abdomens but are also infamous for | eng | 110b3dc4-6d18-43c9-8c0b-41a9f5928cd9 | https://www.pestcontrolgurus.com/bees/ |
Its | eng | 05c7f0d7-3645-4080-8ee0-3a1407046bfa | https://www.riversidecycle.com/product-list/clothing-1194/jerseys-tops-long-sleeve-1246/?startrow=0&sort=reviews |
High Alkaline Foods: Top 13 High Alkaline Foods To Naturally Balance Your Body
An alkaline diet or food is a dietary approach based on the concept of alkalinity and acidity in foods and how they may affect the body's pH levels. The theory behind the idea suggests that consuming alkaline foods or foods that promote an alkaline environment can be beneficial for health – including reduced risk of certain diseases and improved overall well-being.
Alkaline Diet
Alkaline foods are those that are believed to help maintain or slightly elevate the body's pH level, making it less acidic. The alkaline diet encourages the consumption of foods that are considered alkaline-forming. The diet promotes whole, unprocessed foods, with an emphasis on plant-based options like fruits and vegetables. These foods are often loaded with vitamins, minerals, fiber, and antioxidants. Processed or canned foods (high in salt, sugar, and unhealthy fats) are discouraged because they are considered acid-forming and potentially detrimental to health.
Adequate hydration is considered important in an alkaline diet. Some proponents suggest drinking alkaline water, which has a higher pH level, as a way to promote alkalinity in the body. Consuming alkaline foods can lead to various health benefits, including improved digestion, better energy levels, weight loss, and reduced risk of osteoporosis and cancer. Here are the top 13 alkaline foods you can add to your diet. | eng | 1d63f01b-01e9-4c12-ac0c-167f4b49d14d | https://thelifetoday.com/highly-alkaline-foods/ |
what is uat
User Acceptance Testing (UAT) is a critical phase in the software development life cycle that involves testing the software or application by the end-users or clients to ensure its readiness for production deployment. UAT is a process of validating whether the software meets the business requirements and functions as expected in a real-world scenario. It is typically the final testing phase before the software is released to the end-users. During UAT, the end-users or clients perform various test scenarios and real-world use cases to verify that the software meets their specific needs and requirements. The primary objective of UAT is to gain confidence in the software's quality, functionality, and usability, ensuring that it aligns with the business goals and objectives. UAT involves the following key steps:
1. Test Planning: This involves defining the scope of testing, identifying test scenarios, and creating test cases that reflect real-world user interactions. 2. Test Execution: End-users or clients perform the defined test scenarios, following the test cases and documenting any issues or deviations from expected behavior. 3. Issue Reporting: Any identified issues or defects are reported to the development team or project stakeholders. These issues are then tracked, prioritized, and resolved. 4. Retesting: Once the reported issues are fixed, the end-users or clients retest the software to ensure that the fixes have resolved the problems and that the software is functioning correctly. 5. Sign-off: After successful completion of UAT, the end-users or clients provide their formal approval or sign-off, indicating that the software is ready for production deployment. UAT plays a crucial role in ensuring that the software meets the business requirements and provides value to the end-users. It helps in identifying any usability issues, functional gaps, or performance bottlenecks before the software is released, reducing the risk of costly fixes or rework after deployment. Overall, UAT is an essential part of the software development process, providing a final validation of the software's readiness for production and enabling stakeholders to make an informed decision about its release
What is UAT : In this article let us understand what is UAT and what is the role of Business Analyst during UAT phase. As we discussed in previous articles, Business Analyst is responsible for end to end to project execution. UAT (User Acceptance Test) Business Analyst suppose not to actively participate in testing part but, Business Analyst do support and perform testing. What are User Acceptance Tests or what is uat? User Acceptance Test is very important. Usually client… | eng | 19233771-8be4-4636-bc77-60d514ff6250 | https://www.bacareers.in/tag/what-is-uat/ |
How To Say Something In French?
How to pronounce something in French? This app is a free online pronunciation app. Use it to listen to how something ("quelque chose") is pronounced in French and in the world's most widespread languages. | eng | c40a5990-f8ec-42f7-b505-6dbed5718618 | https://how-to-say.com/something-in-french |
Exploring the 24 Hour Qi Clock
Most people are familiar with the terms diurnal and nocturnal. Diurnal means active during the daytime, while nocturnal means active during the nighttime. Together the two make up a 24-hour cycle known as a day. But, in Traditional Chinese Medicine, this 24-hour cycle is viewed as much more than just a day in the life. The 24 hours of the day are viewed as increments of time and every two-hour section is associated with a specific energetic meridian that runs through the body. This is known as the Qi clock.
Do you wake up every night or every morning about the same time? Have you ever wondered why? Some people call that an internal clock. In Chinese medicine, this gives a much deeper look into how the body functions though. Chinese medical theory divides the body based upon the 12 energetic meridians. Each of the meridians is assigned a two-hour time slot.For example, the liver meridian is associated with the hours of 1 a.m. to 3 a.m. If you wake up during this time frame, then there is an issue with your liver meridian. So knowing this information can be very important to an acupuncturist/Chinese medicine practitioner.
During a 24-hour period, your energy or Qi (pronounced "chee") moves through the organ systems in two-hour intervals. Qi draws inward to help restore the body between the hours of 1 a.m. and 3 a.m. The liver cleanses the blood and performs other functions, such as getting the blood ready to travel outward into the rest of the body.Over the next 12 hours, Qi cycles through the organs that assimilate, digest and eliminate food through the body or our diurnal organs. By mid-afternoon, the body begins to slow down again in preparation for the nocturnal phase. The nocturnal phase is all about restoring and maintaining. So when one organ system is at its peak, its counterpart, on the opposite side of the clock is at its lowest point. An example is 7 a.m. to 9 a.m., which are the hours of the stomach. This is when the stomach is at its peak and also why it is recommended to eat a big breakfast. On the opposite side of the clock lies the pericardium, which is associated with the pituitary, hypothalamus and reproductive organs. The pericardium is at its weakest point between the hours of 7 a.m. and 9 a.m.
Here's a brief summary of the 24 hour Qi cycle:
3 a.m. to 5 a.m. is Lung time
5 a.m. to 7 a.m. is Large Intestine time
7 a.m. to 9 a.m. is Stomach time
9 a.m. to 11 a.m. is Spleen time
11 a.m. to 1 a.m. is Heart time
1 p.m. to 3 p.m. is Small Intestine time
3 p.m. to 5 p.m. is Urinary Bladder time
5 p.m. to 7 p.m. is Kidney time
7 p.m. to 9 p.m. is Pericardium time
9 p.m. to 11 p.m. is Triple Burner time (associated with the thyroid and adrenals)
11 p.m. to 1 a.m. is Gall Bladder time
1 a.m. to 3 a.m. is Liver time
So if you have recurring problems at the same time every day, then there is a good chance that the organ/meridian associated with that time is in distress. This is why Traditional Chinese Medicine practitioners ask so many questions and also why they look at the body as a whole instead of just one particular organ. By understanding that every organ/energetic meridian has a maintenance schedule to keep daily, you can then treat your body properly so you achieve the ultimate health and well-being and acupuncture can help you achieve that goal. Acupuncturists treat the body based on things like your symptomology, your pulses, your tongue and the 24-hour Qi clock indications you exhibit. The goal is to bring the body back into balance and knowing when the meridians are at their peaks and valleys is a great place to begin.
Exploring the 24 Hour Qi Clock was last modified: December 22nd | eng | a73a0b52-132b-4ffb-85ef-cd50fb69445a | https://www.sarasotaacupuncturewellnesscenter.com/sarasota/health-well-news/exploring-the-24-hour-qi-clock/ |
Okay, it's really ED-210, a more punching-oriented version of ED-209. But figured putting ED-210 in the headline would be a little confusing, and I didn't want you to miss this music video of the two tussling '80s titans, starring and directed by Peter Serafinowicz. You'll understand why once you've watched | eng | 3065739b-86fc-49ce-ad2b-86a4ba862daa | https://www.joystickdivision.com/2011/04/finally_the_match_youve_all_been_waiting_for_rocky.php |
What education does a veterinarian need?
Most veterinary degrees require at least eight years of study at the university level, including a minimum of four years of pre-veterinary education and four years in a veterinary medicine program. Veterinary students usually spend 4,000 hours or more in classroom, laboratory, and clinical study | eng | d496e90b-c3da-4fd3-8fc2-3274cb4e0c4e | https://blueridgeveterinaryservices.net/faqs/what-sort-of-education-must-a-veterinarian-have/ |
How do you ensure team consistency?
Discover Fonor, the AI bot making perfect strikes in customer service. Through speed, precision, and compliance, it ensures a smooth experience, akin to a bowler consistently hitting the sweet spot. Embrace this endearing vision of the future, where customer support is always a winning game!
Imagine Jack, a policyholder who is often frustrated by inconsistent customer support from his insurance provider. His experience is like that of a bowler who faces an uneven lane, making it challenging to score a perfect strike. But what if there was an AI, a skilled bowler, capable of delivering a consistent, seamless support experience each time? That's Fonor, the AI-powered email bot that's bowling perfect scores in customer service.
Delving Deeper into "Consistent Support"
Consistency in customer support is a cornerstone of any successful business. For a claims manager overseeing a team of 10 agents, ensuring that every customer receives the same high-quality service irrespective of the agent they interact with is paramount. However, inconsistencies can creep in due to various reasons, leading to a fragmented customer experience. Let's examine some real, relatable examples of such inconsistencies:
Varying Response Times: Imagine a scenario where Agent A typically responds to a customer query within an hour, while Agent B takes up to a day. This disparity can result in frustration for customers who expect timely communication, especially if they've previously experienced faster response times.
Differing Information: Sometimes, agents might provide varying answers to the same question, perhaps due to a lack of clarity or training. For instance, when questioned about the documentation needed for a particular claim, one agent might mention three necessary documents, while another agent might list four. Such discrepancies can lead to confusion and mistrust among policyholders.
Inconsistent Tone and Approach: Agent C might have a friendly, informal tone while communicating, making customers feel at ease. In contrast, Agent D might be strictly professional, sticking only to the facts. Both approaches aren't inherently wrong, but inconsistency in the tone of communication can unsettle customers, making them unsure of what to expect.
Varying Problem Resolution: If Agent E is adept at resolving disputes or problems on the first call but Agent F often requires multiple interactions before reaching a solution, customers might perceive the service quality as being hit-or-miss, depending on the agent they interact with.
Diverse Follow-up Protocols: After the resolution of a claim or a query, Agent G might send a follow-up email ensuring everything was settled to the customer's satisfaction, while Agent H might not engage in any post-resolution communication. Such differences in follow-up can influence customer satisfaction scores and their perception of the brand.
Usage of Jargon: Some agents might have a tendency to use insurance jargon when explaining policies or claim procedures, assuming customers understand these terms. In contrast, others might always ensure they're speaking in layman's terms. This inconsistency can lead to some customers feeling alienated or overwhelmed.
For a claims manager, recognizing these potential pitfalls is the first step in addressing them. Regular training sessions, clear communication guidelines, and the use of advanced tools like Fonor can help iron out these inconsistencies, ensuring that every customer interaction is a reflection of the company's commitment to excellence.
Addressing Inconsistencies with Fonor
Varying Response Times
Ever felt the clock ticking louder as you search for a response?
Cognitive Freedom:
Scenario: Picture an agent wading through mountains of data just to find that standard reply.
Fonor to the Rescue: With Fonor, agents are unshackled. Quick answers are at their fingertips, and complex tasks become thrilling challenges, not chores.
Boosting the Underdog:
Scenario: Newbies often find themselves in the deep end, taking longer to draft that perfect message.
Fonor's Magic: Suddenly, the rookie is playing in the big leagues! Fonor's prompts turn greenhorns into seasoned pros.
Differing Information
Remember the last time you wished for a crystal ball to see all customer interactions?
Holistic Customer Lens:
Scenario: You've seen it: an agent missing out on a crucial note from a colleague.
Fonor's Insight: Fonor's the wizard we've all been waiting for. It crafts a complete narrative, ensuring the story remains consistent.
Inconsistent Tone and Approach
Fonor's Touch: With Fonor, it's like every message gets a sprinkle of fairy dust, adapting tone to match the heartbeats behind each email.
Varying Problem Resolution
Ever dreamt of a solution that grows with you?
Ever-Evolving Aid:
Scenario: Today's perfect solution might become tomorrow's old news.
Fonor's Wisdom: Fonor isn't just any tool; it's a wise old owl, ever-learning and always keeping its advice fresh.
Diverse Follow-up Protocols
Lost in the maze of follow-ups? Let's find a compass.
Seamless Continuation:
Scenario: An unresolved query, lost in the depths of oversight.
Fonor's Guiding Light: With Fonor's "Sequences", each query is like a story with a guaranteed ending. No cliffhangers!
Usage of Jargon
Lost in translation? Let's make every word count.
Crystal Clear Communication:
Scenario: An email that feels like it's written in another language.
Fonor's Clarity Potion: With Fonor, every word sparkles with clarity. Say goodbye to those head-scratching moments and hello to understanding.
Playing Fair with Compliance
"But how does Fonor ensure compliance?" you might ask. Fonor is not just an ace at consistency but also strictly adheres to the rules of the game. It checks each response against compliance documents and customer service guidelines, making sure every throw stays in the lane.
A Versatile Player
Fonor's skills on the lane aren't limited to consistent support. From managing policy renewals to orchestrating claim submissions, and even resolving complex disputes, Fonor shows the versatility of a seasoned bowler, navigating the complex alley of the insurance industry.
The Future Bowling Alley
Imagine a future where your interactions with your insurance provider are as consistent and reliable as a professional bowler aiming for a strike. A future where AI bots like Fonor are the star players, delivering fast, accurate, and consistent customer service.
This vision comes with its challenges, such as maintaining data security and preserving the human touch in an automated world. But with a robust training regime and a strategic game plan, these challenges can be effectively managed.
Fonor is hitting the lanes in this transformative journey, shaping a customer service experience where efficiency, accuracy, and consistent support are the perfect strikes. Now that's a bowling game we all want to cheer for!
How do you envision AI like Fonor revolutionizing the customer support experience in your industry?
In what other ways do you think AI bots can be utilized to ensure a consistent customer service experience?
Do you have any concerns about integrating AI into customer service, such as maintaining data security or preserving the human touch? How do you think these challenges can be effectively managed?
More Reading:
According to the Salesforce "State of Service" report, 88% of service professionals say AI is augmenting human roles rather than replacing them, reinforcing the concept that AI can provide consistent support while still preserving the human touch. Link: Salesforce State of Service Report
A study by Juniper Research found that chatbots could save businesses up to $8 billion annually by 2022, showcasing the significant financial benefit of integrating AI like Fonor into customer service. Link: Juniper Research Study | eng | 11b86e84-6662-492c-9a93-dbb0db691e64 | https://www.fonor.ai/article/how-do-you-ensure-team-consistency |
Description
<p>The <em>Piano Adventures®: Technique & Artistry</em> books combine two essential elements of pianism: technical skill and artistic performance. This smooth, integrated approach builds basic elements of piano technique, always directed towards an artistic goal.</p>
<p><em>Piano Adventures®: Technique & Artistry</em> Book is organised into units which correspond with those of the lesson book. Although designed to be used with the Piano Adventures® method, these books can be used effectively with any method series.</p>
<p>Written by Nancy and Randall Faber, this book includes exercises to help playing with different touches and voicing melodies, as well as playing using different expressive techniques and contrasts. An appendix of scales is also included at the end of the book! | eng | 6c89bf9b-94db-49a1-b85d-3a0065d971c5 | https://promusica.ie/product/piano-adventures-technique-artistry-book-level-3b/ |
6 Health Benefits of Beetroot Powder (And How To Choose A Good One)
Beetroots are vegetables rich | successful nitrates, antioxidants, and polyphenol compounds that person a domiciled successful improved cardiovascular usability and workout performance. However, beetroot juice has limitations pinch retention and sensation preference, and truthful different much convenient forms person been investigated. One of these forms is beetroot powder.
What Is Beetroot Powder?
Beetroot powder is made by dehydrating aliases drying retired bladed slices of beetroot (to region each nan moisture) and past grinding them into a powder. If you don't for illustration nan earthy sensation of beetroot, past beetroot powder mightiness beryllium an replacement since it is much concentrated than caller beetroot but pinch a comparatively neutral taste. One caller beetroot is nan balanced of astir 1 spoon of beetroot powder.
Beetroot Powder VS. Other Beetroot Products
One study looked astatine nan full antioxidant potential, phenol compounds, sugars, and integrated acids successful beetroot juice, cooked beetroot, powder, and chips. They recovered higher amounts of full antioxidant imaginable and integrated acids successful nan chips and powder compared pinch nan juice and cooked beetroot. However, it's important to see that it is simply a batch easier to return larger quantities of beetroot erstwhile powdered aliases juiced than conscionable eating it and this intends ingesting overmuch much sugar.
6 Health Benefits of Beetroot
While beetroot whitethorn person imaginable wellness benefits, it's not clear if these are impermanent aliases person semipermanent effects. More investigation is needed to reply this mobility and what nan optimal dose is. Most studies person focused connected beetroot juice, pinch only a fistful of studies investigating beetroot powder. There hasn't been grounds truthful acold to support nan use of beetroot powder connected humor flow.
A meta-analysis that mixed 22 different tests and analyzed nan results together recovered that further beetroot juice importantly decreased humor pressure. However, location isn't grounds to support nan semipermanent effects.
⌄ Scroll down to proceed reference article ⌄
⌄ Scroll down to proceed reference article ⌄
2. Beetroot Has Anti-Inflammatory Properties
Secondly, beetroot contains antioxidant polyphenol compounds that person anti-inflammatory properties. Antioxidants are molecules that person nan expertise to neutralize free radicals and protect against compartment harm that tin lead to chronic diseases. Eating a fare precocious successful antioxidants recovered successful consequence and vegetables is associated pinch a little consequence of chronic disease. Different polyphenol compounds are different colors, that's why you will often perceive astir eating a rainbow of consequence and vegetables.
3. Beetroot Has Anti-Cancer Effects
Beetroot besides contains betalains that person been recovered to person anti-cancer effects successful cellular models successful nan laboratory. Clinical tests are now needed to measure if location are imaginable anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects and nan quality of these effects. While nan anti-cancer effects of beetroot successful humans aren't known yet, including them successful your fare whitethorn thief and is improbable to consequence harm.
4. Beetroot Powder Is a Great Source of Vitamins C and Folate
Beetroots are besides a awesome root of vitamins C and B9 (folate). Vitamin C and folate person galore important roles successful our bodies. Vitamin C is required for nan biosynthesis of collagen, which acts arsenic a scaffold successful nan tegument and ligaments. It is besides has a domiciled successful coiled treatment and macromolecule metabolism. Folic acerb is captious for nan accumulation of patient reddish humor cells, and cellular growth. Inadequate intake of vitamin C complete a 3 period play tin lead to scurvy, and smoking tin further trim nan bioavailability.
6. Beetroot Powder Is a Great Source of Fiber
Fiber is specified an important constituent of our diet, pinch astir of america needing to eat overmuch much to scope nan recommended regular magnitude of 30g. For each 10g of fibre you eat a day, you whitethorn alteration your semipermanent consequence of bowel cancer.
Fibre besides acts arsenic a pre-biotic, providing nutrient for nan friends micro-organisms successful your gut called nan microbiota. There are trillions of micro-organisms successful your gut that are now known to play a cardinal domiciled successful inflammation and some intelligence and beingness health. Eating beetroots tin thief to summation your fibre intake and support a patient gut community.
How to Choose a Beetroot Powder
Like each different supplements, location is very small regulation. Therefore, it is very difficult to beryllium judge precisely what is included successful nan supplement aliases measure nan quality. My recommendations for choosing a supplement are to cheque for a merchandise licence and ever bargain from a reputable company.
There are, however, nary agreed benchmarks for value aliases efficacy. How overmuch and really often are besides chartless astatine this time. Try to debar powders that person added preservatives, sweeteners, aliases artificial flavorings. Consider whether an integrated powder is worthy nan other money to you. I would debar powders that person added silica to debar clumping. Some supplements now usage 3rd statement companies to verify nan contents.
There isn't an agreed dose of nitrate aliases beetroot powder, truthful while immoderate powders do incorporate nitrate content, it is difficult to cognize precisely what this intends successful practice. The higher nan nitrate content, nan much apt it is to person a beneficial effect connected raised humor pressure. But if you don't person precocious humor pressure, it's difficult to cognize if much nitrate is beneficial.
So, while beetroot powder whitethorn person wellness benefits unless taken successful excess, it is improbable to person important broadside effects. Large doses of beetroot, however, are associated pinch an accrued consequence of kidney stones.
If you are pregnant aliases breastfeeding, taking beetroot supplements is champion avoided arsenic location isn't capable information information. Beetroots do besides incorporate fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols aliases FODMAPS for short. These are types of carbohydrates that are difficult to digest and tin origin symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome successful immoderate people. FODMAPS are thought to enactment arsenic prebiotics, feeding nan friends micro-organisms that unrecorded successful your gut (microbiota). So, for those group who tin tolerate them, they are beneficial for a healthy gut. | eng | 3e33009d-66be-46cd-92ed-021246ed9285 | https://chauvetproblog.com/6-health-benefits-of-beetroot-powder-and-how-to-choose-a-good-one-359.html |
Top Technology Blogs In India - Indian Tech Blogs
Top 10 Tech Blogs/Tech Websites in India:
Handy smartphones with high-speed internet have enabled everyone to access reliable information and learn new things on the go. Yes, the internet acts as an excellent medium to learn about almost anything under the sky.
Gone are those days, people used the internet only for shopping and entertainment. Now, most people are leveraging the internet to learn about new technologies, enhance their skills and improve their knowledge.
Technology blogs are getting popular among people as they simplify complex technical topics and present them precisely. People find these top technology blogs beneficial as it enables them to learn current tech topics readily and these technology blogs are bringing the latest news regarding technology updates faster .
With the top technology blogs available on the internet today, one can learn from programming languages, building a website, the latest gadgets, finance, money-making skills to all current software technology trends. In this article we are providing a list of the top 10 best technology blogs, that would bring you the latest and updated information all about the technology.
With the constantly evolving technology, it is quite natural to get lost and left behind. What was trending yesterday has become obsolete today. Thus, people need to hone their skill sets to do well in studies, work, or stay informed. Now, you have enough reasons why tech blogs are getting popular.
Latest technology blogs and tech websites are all over the internet at a dime a dozen. But, you have to pick the best tech blogs to find accurate, reliable, and precise technical information.
No worries. We have picked the best technology blogs that you can quickly refer to learn about the trending technologies. Here is the list of the top 10 Tech Blogs/Tech Websites in India that you must follow:
#1. Shout Me Loud by Harsh Agarwal:
Harsh Agarwal, a solopreneur and founder of the award-winning platform Shout Me Loud, talks about innovation in technology, SEO, content marketing, blogging tips, and more. Founded in 2008, today, Shout Me Loud stands tall with subscribers all over the world.
The platform has never failed to deliver informative technology blogs that add value to all technology enthusiasts in all these years. Other than technology, you can refer to this blog for learning tips and tactics regarding content marketing and corporate storytelling.
The young entrepreneur and blog scientist from New Delhi, India has also rendered handy articles on blogging, WordPress Plugins, SEO, making money online, etc on his blog Shout Me Loud.
Shout Me Loud is one of the top tech blogs you can start following right away. We are sure that it is one of the top tech blogs that will never fail to inspire and excite you.
#2. Labnol by Amit Agarwal:
Labnol is one of the latest trending technology blog launched in 2004, Labnol is one of the pioneer tech blogs in India. Its founder, Amit Agarwal, is a former IIT graduate who has created this platform as a passion for his technology. As a professional technology blog, Labnol talks about WordPress updates, Apple, and whatnot?
Amit Agarwal, a Google Developer Expert and an engineering graduate in computer science has also authored Digital Inspiration, one of the award-winning best tech websites. Furthermore, he has penned various articles for The Wall Street Journal India, The Financial Express, Outlook Magazine, CNN IBN, CNBC TV 18, and The Hindustan Times.
Now, you know which top technology blog to refer to when you have doubts about current technologies. Yes, you can rely on Labnol and Digital Inspiration for how-to guides and solutions related to technology.
In addition to numerous awards, a non-profit blog school that Amit has started in India is another feather on his cap.
#3. Nextbigwhat by Ashish Sinha:
Another techie, Ashish Sinha from IIT Roorkee and IIM Bangalore, has launched the technology blog, Nextbigwhat. Before launching this top technology blog, he has worked in established companies like Yahoo, i2 Technologies, and IBM exploring product management.
His passion for technology has made him launch the blog that later turned into a community to discuss technology and the startup ecosystem. You can find news, reviews, tips and tricks, hacks, and updates. Yes, his blog covers almost everything and talks about technology topics intensely.
Nextbigwhat is one of the best technology blogs for sure that you can add to your favorites. Start following Nextbigwhat now and thank us later.
#4. YourStory by Shradha Sharma:
Shradha Sharma, the founder of YourStory, inspires aspiring entrepreneurs in India to achieve their business goals by constantly featuring the stories of successful entrepreneurs. Plus, YourStory acts as a connecting platform for exchanging business ideas and visions.
The YourStory team works across India and brings outstanding entrepreneurs into the limelight attracting all the attention they deserve. Right from its launch in 2010, the blog has never failed to showcase unique and inspiring entrepreneurial journeys and stories.
Apart from entrepreneurship, YourStory also focuses on business guidelines and technology-related topics.
Shradha Sharma, the founder and chief editor of YourStory, has worked with Times of India and CNBC TV18 before launching the blog. She has bagged the L'oreal Paris Femina Award for Online Influence in March 2015 and is also one of the 500 LinkedIn Influencers across the world.
YourStory is one of the best tech websites that you should follow for inspiring business ideas.
#5. Guidingtech by Abhijit Mukherjee:
Abhijeet Mukherjee, the founder, and editor of Guiding Tech write relevant and valuable how-to articles, guides, and reviews on operating systems, software, and online apps. He was a web publisher working online before launching this tech blog in 2008.
This top tech blog attracts many visitors every day by teaching and explaining technology in simple terms and detail. Yes, it is one of the best technology blogs that enables its visitors to make better purchase decisions. Even after purchasing the gadget, the blog teaches them how to use it like a pro.
The blog renders in-depth guides, how-tos, lists, explainers, and tips on all kinds of consumer tech topics. Plus, Guidingtech also has two YouTube channels that post relevant videos.
Start following Guidingtech for more insightful posts that help you make meaningful purchases.
#6. Cashoverflow by Pradeep Goyal:
Pradeep Goyal, a software engineer working in the USA, left his well-paying job to launch his dream blog Cashoverflow. The blog covers all the financial and money management topics enabling people to handle money better.
Cashoverflow is the one-stop blog for all financial tips. The blog has tips regarding insurance, loans, share markets, credit cards, banking, business ideas, and much more in store.
Plus, the founder Pradeep Goyal teaches you how to face the hardships of life and enjoy financial freedom early in life. His simple, well-structured, and logical articles educate users about making money online and growing money.
#7. 9lessons by Srinivas Tamada:
Srinivas Tamada, the man behind the top tech website, 9lessons, is an Indian UI architect currently living in the USA. 9lessons is the real technology blog rendering comprehensive tutorials on several programming languages. All the technology tutorials listed on the platform are simple and easy to understand for beginner programmers.
Some of the tutorials in 9lessons website include Programming, Database, Jquery, Ajax, PHP, Demos, Web Design, CSS, and web apps. Moreover, he is known for his invention, the new wall script.
Do not forget to check out the 9lessons website if you are looking for a reliable platform to learn programming languages.
#8. All Tech Buzz by Imran Uddin:
AllTechBuzz, a tech blog founded in 2011 by Imran Uddin, has various well-researched news, tips, and tutorials in store for its users. The blogger quitted his well-paying job in MNC to focus on his passion for blogging. Today, his blog, AllTechBuzz provides tips and tricks on blogging, WordPress, Technology, SEO, making money online, SEO, and more.
Moreover, you can find the best product recommendations, deals, reviews, coupons, lifetime savings, and discounts on various online and offline products. Also, if you are interested in blogging and don't know how to begin, visit this technology blog. You will learn everything from installing WordPress, creating blogs, picking beautiful designs/themes, doing SEO, writing quality content, and starting to make money online.
#9. Techlila by Rajesh Namse:
Techlila is a one-stop technology website for all technology-related tips and tricks. The platform has extensive technology blogs covering how-to guides, tips, tricks, hacks, and insights.
All posts on the blog give precise and relevant information on the given topic, thus attracting various users regularly. Though it provides various tips on technology and gadgets, the platform gives ultimate hacks on Search Engine Optimization (SEO). Plus, the blog also accepts relevant blog posts from guest authors.
Do not forget to check this one of the top tech websites for handy tips on marketing, SEO, and blogging.
#10. BloggerTipsTricks by Ankit Kumar Singla:
BloggerTipsTricks by Ankit Kumar Singla is all about blogging and how to make money from blogging. A young, energetic, and passionate blogger from Delhi has started blogging as his passion.
TechTricksWorld.com talks about SEO, blogging, social media marketing, computer tricks, and all about the internet. As an internet marketer and SEO expert, his content attracts significant visits from readers across the world.
Final Thoughts:
With these top 10 technology blogs, one can learn about trending technologies, programming languages, marketing, blogging, and whatnot? These bloggers are professionals themselves and know what they are writing. You can rely on them for learning, updating, and enhancing your technical skills readily.
What is more exciting than getting free and valuable content on trending technologies, finance, and making money online? Yes, these tech blogs make learning on the go and help you stay updated about the latest trends and technologies.
Start following these technology blogs and tech websites for precise information right from the experts. Undoubtedly, you will go a step ahead in your career, business, and life for sure. We wish you all the very best.
About the Author: Vipinraj Nair is the Founder and CEO of Cypherox Technologies Pvt. Ltd, a leading web & mobile app development company. He loves to write about the vital role of web development for different industries, custom web development, digital marketing, website cloning, mobile app development, and the latest technology trends | eng | 7fa13510-e546-4f60-bce0-033fb45a6959 | https://www.digitalengineland.com/2021/10/top-tech-blogs-in-india.html |
ABSTRACT: The past 30 years have seen numerous education reforms intended to raise the achievement standards of students. These reforms have resulted in school leadership becoming of great interest in international education. This interest stems from a belief that school leadership can significantly influence the quality of teaching and learning in their schools, and consequently student achievement, by improving the working conditions of their teachers, and the climate and environment of their school. Numerous leadership theories have been presented in education related literature, with transformational leadership and instructional leadership being the preferred styles. This paper will examine the effects of both transformational and instructional leadership styles on improving student outcomes. This analysis will occur through three key points of focus: teaching and learning, the collaborative establishment of school goals and vision, and an awareness of and engagement with external forces affecting their school. | eng | 3baf40ea-4760-4d49-aa16-2ad9c5363a2a | https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=2115776 |
Pyia
$14,535
Pyia is four letters in length and is spelled P-Y-I-A. This is a positive start-up name that doesn't restrict your growth or expansion. | eng | 02bf58e7-1b8b-4ea0-8355-54f826d3229a | https://equityname.com/shop/pyia/ |
Book historians tend to compare features of the medieval book to body parts. Thus the manuscript's "head" (top edge) is connected to its "spine" (the back) via the "shoulder" (the area where board meets spine). There are even terms that compare a medieval book's physical features to human activities or conditions. A large letter with a lively figure inside is called a "gymnastic initial", while line ruling that is nearly invisible is "blind". I could go on and explain how other, seemingly unrelated, objects have been used in bookish terminology (the "diaper pattern" is my favourite), but you get my drift. This post takes this projection phenomenon a step further. It shows how one particular feature of the medieval binding eerily resembles a body part, not just in appearance but even in function: the clasp (Fig. 1).
Medieval makers of manuscripts paid just as much attention to closing the book as they did to opening it. In order to preserve the organic pages, which were often made of parchment, it was necessary to keep the volume tightly closed when it was not used. Not only did this keep moisture out, but parchment also has a natural tendency to buckle, especially when handled at room temperature. In fact, parchment pages curl up with so much force that the wooden boards would be pushed open were it not for a smart device designed to keep the lid on: the clasp.
The clasp is like an arm that extends from the one wooden board to the other. Indeed, I find it hard not think of clasps as hugging arms that embrace the leaves, safeguarding them from the harsh reality of medieval book use. Appropriately, the primary purpose of the clasp was to protect the pages. They generated the pressure needed to keep the pages flat, while producing a firm object that could withstand every-day use in a medieval library – like falling off a desk or a shelf. At the end of the arm a tiny "hand" locks into an extension – we could call it a "handle bar" – as clearly visible in Fig. 1. How great that some book binders played with the image of a hand grabbing onto the opposite clasp, as this eighteenth century example shows (Fig. 2).
Generally, two clasps were able to contain the force issued by the buckling parchment of a book. However, it was important to get it right as a bookbinder. When the distance between the one end of the arm (the "arm pit") and the handle bar was too large, there was insufficient pressure. By contrast, if the distance was too little, the book did not close. Medieval manuscripts that have lost their clasps (by far the majority) show what happens to the bookblock when the pressure was too low: unhappy pages with a wavy pattern appeared (Fig. 3).
Exotic arms
Some readers preferred exotic clasps. A particularly remarkable specimen is seen in Fig. 4. The book it helps to close is tiny, no larger than an iPhone. Made c. 1500, it was designed for the road: it concerns a portable Book of Hours (or prayer book) that was carried around by a pilgrim on his religious pilgrimage. The clasp holding it closed is a skull carved out of bone. The theme is fitting for a pilgrim seeking redemption, finding his way along the dusty roads of medieval Europe. Every time he sat down to open his book he was confronted with his future, which looked rather grim: Memento mori, remember that you will die one day. Better smarten up and keep on going!
The exoticness of clasps can also be connected to their number in stead of their shape. Clasps are a must for a peculiar binding known as dos-à-dos (or "back-to-back"). While such bindings usually hold two books bound together at their backs (hence the name), the National Library of Sweden owns a unique variant that contains no less than six books (Fig. 5). They are all devotional texts printed in Germany during the 1550s and 1570s (including Martin Luther, Der kleine Catechismus) and each one is closed with its own tiny clasp. A book with six arms and hands: it is quite the display of craftsmanship.
The last word: feet
If clasps can be compared to arms, another feature of the bookbinding must be called "feet". During the later Middle Ages it became customary to store manuscripts on lecterns. In lectern libraries, which were found in monastic houses and churches, readers consulted books on uncomfortable benches. The libraries often had a semi-public function, with outsiders walking in and out to consult books. To facilitate such use – and to make sure no books were unlawfully removed – the objects were usually chained to the lecterns (Fig. 7).
Books in lectern libraries were not read on a flat surface (such as a desk), but erect – the objects were resting, after all, on nearly vertical stands. This kind of use came with a challenge: the shuffling that inevitably happened when the book was read, wore out the lower edge of the binding. More importantly, since the medieval book block was flush with the binding, the constant contact with the lectern as the reader flipped through the bookcould easilydamage the page. A simple tool was invented to prevent such damage: "feet" – tiny pieces of brass that hoisted the book up and made it hover, as it were (Fig. 8). The feet that are attached to bindings are often shiny. It shows just how much the book was used – and how much damage was prevented by the attached feet (Fig. 9).
There is something very attractive about these body parts. They show just how much bookbinders and readers were in tune with the needs of the book as an object. They packaged them so that they could withstand rough consultation, while their designs also left room for a certain amount of fun – as the hand-clasp and perhaps even the skull-clasp shows. The hug given by these strong arms protected the book's most precious cargo, the text, both from accidents in the medieval library and, as much as possible, from the inevitable decay of time.
Share this:
Like this:
Marking pages for future reading predates browsers and the web. In fact, the practice is much older even than printed books. This post introduces various ways in which monks and other medieval readers kept track of the page at which they had stopped reading – and from which they planned to continue in the near future. What tools were available for this purpose? And how did these differ from one another? Apart from addressing these two queries, this post also reports on a genuine discovery: a new specimen of a rare but particularly smart type of bookmark, which I found in my own University Library here in Leiden. Cleverly, and unlike our modern equivalent, the bookmark in question showed medieval readers not only at what page they had stopped reading, but also in which text column and line they had left off.
But let's start at the beginning. If certain bookmarks can be called "smart", it follows that others were, well, dumb. In bookmark terms that qualifier must go to types that are fixed to one specific page rather than being able to freely move throughout the book. Fig. 1 shows such a static bookmark, perhaps as old as the twelfth century. It was produced by making a small cut in the corner of the page, after which the emerging strip was guided through a small incision, and then folded outwards, so as to stick out of the book. The result (which you will recognize as the banner image of this blog) was as unmovable as it was destructive to the page – adding to its unflattering qualifier "dumb".
A slightly less invasive version, no doubt preferred by medieval librarians, didn't involved cutting but glueing a tiny strip of parchment on the long side of the page (Fig. 2). These so-called "fore-edge" bookmarks could even be filled with extra information, for example what section started at the marked location ("B" for "Baptism" in Fig. 2).
Dynamic bookmarks
Far more interesting from a book-historical point of view are the more dynamic bookmarks, which could be used at any page of the manuscript because they were movable. An unusual example is seen in Fig. 3, which shows heart-shaped bookmarks that could be clipped onto a page. Interestingly, they were cut out of a thirteenth-century manuscript with a Middle Dutch saint's life. The culprits were nuns in the 20th century, who clearly did not appreciate old books. Only a small number of pages of this very important manuscript have survived undamaged. When you study the book in the University Library of Amsterdam, as I did a few years back, a curious collection of full leaves and heart-shaped fragments ends up on your desk.
The downside of such clip-on bookmarks is that time tended not to be very kind to them. Since they could be separated from the page, many actually were: they fell out or were never re-inserted by the reader. The solution to the vanishing bookmark came in the form of what is called a "register bookmark", seen in Fig. 4 (I took the composite image from this blog post). This type, which looks like a spider with its legs trapped, was securely fastened to the top of the binding (as visible in Fig. 4, left), so it couldn't get lost. Additionally, the bookmark allowed the reader to mark multiple locations in the book.
Evidently, these two groups of bookmarks – static and dynamic – provided very different approaches to marking information – and thus to a book's use. Readers who added clip-on or "spider" bookmarks anticipated they would need to retrieve information not from one single page but from a changing number of pages. In other words, movable bookmarks served an audience with a shifting knowledge "appetite", while the static ones encouraged a more "ritual" use of a book. In other words, both types are telling, in their own way, about medieval reading culture.
Multi-dynamic bookmarks
And then there is, finally, the multi-dynamic bookmark – and the story of how a new specimen of this type was discovered. The qualifier "multi-dynamic", which is my own, refers to the fact that this bookmark is of the moving type, while at the same time it is able to do much more than simply marking a page. The bookmark's use is as simple as it is clever. This becomes clear when we look at the bookmark in action, for example in this twelfth-century Bible in the Houghton Library (Fig. 5).
As you can see, the bookmark consists of two components. As with the spider bookmark, it features a string attached to the top of the binding (in this case the string is a strip from a recycled manuscript page). This allowed the reader to mark a certain page. Nothing new here. The second component, however, is what makes this a smart bookmark: a disk with the numbers 1-4 written on it, fitted in a tiny sleeve. The reader would pull down the marker along the string until the flat top hit the line where he had stopped reading. The disk could subsequently be turned to the appropriate column – an open medieval book usually showed four columns of text – meaning the device marked page, column and line.
Discovery
Although such rotating bookmarks were used until well into the age of print (see an example here), only about thirty-five have survived according to an inventory published in the Transactions of the Cambridge Bibliographical Society (2001). It figures that when in 2005 a tiny specimen of 41×22 mm (the size of two thumbnails) was sold off at Sotheby's, it went for a stunning $ 11,000 (see pic at the top; more here). Just to illustrate that new specimen still emerge, I recently discovered one in the University Library in Leiden, where it was filed in an early-twentieth-century filing cabinet of the Bibliotheca Manuscript Neerlandica – since moved to a fragment collection with shelfmark BPL 3327 (Fig. 6).
The Leiden artifact shows all the characteristics of a rotating bookmark: a small parchment disk with four numbers and a tiny hole in the middle. Interestingly, it is only the second specimen identified in Dutch collections, although the one in Leiden is clearly the oldest of the two (here is the other). While it is hard to date the red roman numbers with precision, it appears they were put on the parchment in the fourteenth century. The striking difference with the Houghton specimen in Fig. 5 is that the new find comes without its sleeve, which does not survive. It is astonishing still that the tiny disk made it to our day and age. It must have been hidden in the darkness of a manuscript for several hundreds of years until it got separated and became an orphan – sleeveless and without a home.
Share this:
Like this:
Self-portraits of medieval book artisans are as exciting as they are rare. In the age before the modern camera there were limited means to show others what you looked like. In the very late medieval period, when the Renaissance spirit was already felt in the air, some painters made self-portraits or included themselves in paintings commissioned by others. Stunningly, the medieval painter Jan van Eyck showed himself in the portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his fiance: he is staring at you from the mirror that is hanging behind the couple. For those who still didn't get it, he painted above it Johannes de eyck fuit hic, "Jan van Eyck was here" (Fig. 1, more here). He added the date 1434 to the picture, making it a particularly early selfie.
As far as producers of books is concerned, there were only two kinds of artisans who handled a tool with which a selfie could potentially be produced, if the individual was so inclined. Scribes could doodle themselves using ink and pen; and decorators could do the same with brush and paint. In practice, however, we almost exclusively encounter self-portraits made by decorators, perhaps because scribes lacked the skills and equipment to produce something meaningful. Even so, decorators rarely put themselves in the picture. The exceptions to this rule are real treats, as this post aims to show: they provide sneak peeks into the workshops of medieval artists.
Monastic decorators
When a decorator is seen on the page, we must assume that a conscious choice was made to become part of the book's decoration program. This is particularly evident when the decorator added his or her name and designation ("decorator"). This is precisely what the nun Guda did: she depicted herself inside an initial letter D with a banderole (title banner) that reads "Guda, sinner, copied and decorated this book" (Fig. 2). It seems out of sync with the modest life style of nuns to identify oneself with name and title. Pride was a vice so there must have been another reason behind Guda's self-identification. Perhaps she did so with a sense of history: she is raising her right hand as if to greet future readers.
In spite of this very expressive scene,Guda's selfie does not give away too much about the medieval artist's workshop. In fact, if it wasn't for the words on the banner, we would not have guessed that she was a decorator. Where are the paraphernalia of the trade? Fortunately, there is another example that provides more detail about the working environment of monastic artists (Fig. 3). This imagewas produced by Rufillus, monk in Weissenau Abbey in Ravensburg, Germany, near the end of the 12th century. In the selfie we catch Rufillus putting the finishing touches on a giant letter R. He wrote his name above his tool: there is no avoiding that we get to know him. Remarkably, in another manuscript we encounter Rufillus again. This time he depictshimself as the scribe of the book – he scribbled, oh vanity, his name above himself (Fig. 4).
Rufillus the decorator places himself in a rich setting: in Fig. 3 we see him surrounded by pots of pigment and various instruments. He provides us, in other words, with a much wanted glimpse into his monastic workshop. Moreover, like the nun Guda, Rufillus was apparently active as a decorator and a scribe, which is another important detail that can be derived from the selfie. What is most striking in light of this post, however, is the similarity of the two portraits: in both, Rufillus shows himself as having bright red hair, big eyes and pronounced wrinkles on his cheeks. The similarity strongly suggests that this is what our decorator really looked like, which is a fascinating thought.
Commercial decorators
Such detail-rich selfies are also encountered in books that were made commercially. A particularly telling self-portrait was made in 1512 by the German book decorator Nicolaus Bertschy (Fig. 5, more information here). In this portrait, which is included in the Lorcher Graduale, he shows himself in the company of his wife, who appears to be drinking from a large mug with her arm around his neck. It is not the scenario you would expect, this rather down to earth setting where drinks and female distraction replace both decorum and concentration.
Nicolaus introduces himself in a note beneath the image: in spite of the scene, he clearly saw no need to hide his identity. Next to him we see the scribe Leonhard Wagner (note the "LW" on the white shield), who is said to have known a hundred different kinds of handwriting (more here). The illustrationshows the two artisans producing the very choirbook in which it appears, making this a selfie with a fascinating double layer.
Remarkably, a manuscript from fourteenth-century Paris also presents a selfie of a decorator and his wife (Fig. 6). It shows Richard and Jeanne de Montbaston, who worked in the second quarter of the century. In this great image Richard appears to copy the text while Jeanne is busy decorating the pages. Given this division of labourit was likely Jeanne who produced this selfie. There are many more details that prove insightful for artists' workshops. Parchment sheets that were finished are hanging to dry on clothes lines, for example.
Interestingly, in a commercial setting such selfies can be regarded a kind of advertisement, especially when a name was added. It identified, after all, who had produced the decoration – as if to say, "If you like this, you know who to contact!" It is somewhat perplexing, however, that patrons allowed artists to add put such spam in their newly purchased books – especially when showing a decorator and his wife drinking on the job.
The last word
And what about selfies of scribes? Here things are less clear. Occasionally we encounter a plain pen drawing of an individual copying. However, they are (to my knowledge) never accompanied by name and designation ("scriptor"), meaning we cannot know for sure if the scribe meant to show himself or simply drew a generic "scribe". The drawing in Fig. 7 is an example of such unclarity: it may be a selfie, or it may not be.
Studies have shown that the writing figure is a clerk, a copyist affiliated to an institution where documents were made. As it turns out, this particular manuscript containing the text Piers Plowman was produced by a clerk. This is evident, among other things, from the way in which the dated colophon in the back of the manuscript was worded. Moreover, the marginal notation above the clerk's head, which appears to be in the same hand as the main text, writes over the top of the drawing. This suggests it was the scribe himself who drew it. A writing clerk drawing a writing clerk: is it enough to call this image a selfie? It's a great conundrum that shows the limits of taking the modern notion of "selfie" to an age when cameras didn't exist.
Share this:
Like this:
This post is devoted to a particularly attractive and rare kind of medieval manuscript: the model book. A feast to the eye, the object is filled with drawings and paintings that were meant to show scribes and illuminators how to decorate letters, paint initials, or add large segments of decoration to the page. Within this tradition, two types of model books can be distinguished. Some functioned as instruction manuals. In such books, the drawings might be accompanied by a narrative or explanation that instructs the artisan how to proceed, usually in a step-by-step process. Other model books appear to have merely functioned as a source of inspiration: they present a wide array of shapes and drawings from which the artisan could take his pick.
The level of sophistication among surviving model books varies considerably. On the lower end of the spectrum there are pattern books that merely show how to make enlarged letters with some minor flourishing. On the higher end, by contrast, there are copies with high-quality stand-alone designs and sophisticated historiated initials inhabited by figures and scenes. Evidently the requirements of the artisans varied; and by proxy, so did the taste of medieval readers. It is this variation that makes model books so fascinating, both as physical objects and as cultural artifacts. This blog illuminates the breadth of the genre – and shows off the attractiveness of these medieval super models.
Plainly decorated letters
Fig. 1 – Yale, Beinecke Library, MS 439, fols. 30v-31r (1510-1517)
To start at the lower end of the spectrum, some model books merely showed scribes how to execute a certain script or how to draw plain enlarged capitals – the most basic kind of decoration. The book opening seen in Fig. 1 is from Gregorius Bock's Scribal Pattern Book, which provides instruction on both fronts (more about the manuscript here). Produced in 1510-1517, the first part of the small parchment book contains a series of alphabets in different scripts, some of which are clearly influenced by print typefaces. The second part contains decorative initials arranged in alphabetical order. In the introduction to his manual, Gregorius adds a dedication to his cousin Heinrich Lercher Wyss of Stuttgart, who was scribe to the Duke of Württemberg. The arrangement of the material shows how Heinrich likely used the book: he would thumb through its pages until he had reached either an alphabet or capital letter to his liking (more about the context here).
Fig. 2 – Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum, MS 83-1972 (c. 1150-1175)
While Brock's letters are a pleasure to look at, especially for the book historian, it was not exactly rocket science. More complex – but still relatively plain – are the models provided by a much older pattern book in the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge (Fig. 2; more here). This appears to be the oldest surviving pattern book for initials: it dates from c. 1150 and was produced and used in a Tuscan workshop. The choice is much more limited than in the previous example: the Cambridge copy does not provide multiple alphabets, nor does it present a wide range of initials (in fact, only about twenty are present). Interestingly, some manuscripts survive in which we encounter decorated letters that could well be modelled from this or a similar model book (like British Library, Harley MS 7183).
On the more upscale end of things is the model book known as the Macclesfield Alphabet Book. It was made and used in fifteenth-century England, apparently for the transmission of ideas to decorators or their assistants (full digital copy here, information podcast here). The artisans were offered quite a lot of choice, given that we encounter no less than fourteen different alphabets on its pages. What makes this book so special, however, is their quality and the manner in which the letters are designed: their shapes are produced by human figures. As in other modelbooks that include letters made out of people (Fig. 3), the figures are shown in most uncomfortable positions, as if doing yoga exercises.
A similar subject matter is encountered in the alphabet book of the Italian artist Giovannino de Grassi (Fig. 4 and image at the very top). This book was created at the Visconti court and features both initial letters and stand-alone drawings. The Visconti's were known as important patrons of the arts and so it makes sense that we see their generosity extend into the world of book production. Giovannino was known for depicting exotic animals in their natural habitat and this book features such images as well. His pages provided models for other artists who wished to replicate his realistic depictions.
Marginal decoration
Even more sophisticated are model books that show how to create elaborate decoration that runs in the margin along the length of the page. These border decorations, with their curly leaves and unexpected turns, could be tricky to produce. The so-called Göttingen Model Book, made around 1450 (Fig. 5, left), provides a solution to this problem. Its pages not only show, step by step, how to build a 3D leaf pattern, they also present detailed instructions like the following:
The foliage one shall first draw with a lead or a point. Then one shall outline the foliage with a pen and with very thin ink or with thin black color. Then one shall polish the foliage with a tooth, so that the color can be applied smoothly, but not too firmly. Then one shall paint it with the colors, one side right and the other side left or reversed, with a brush, namely light red and green. […] (Source of transcription)
The drawings and narrative clearly complement one another. From time to time the instructions mention something like "as it is shown here" or "as the image shows". A model book can hardly be clearer than this: while the alphabet books shown above were more or less meant to simply inspire the artist, the Göttingen book really takes the artist by the hand and guides him through each step of the production process. The instructions apparently worked well, as is shown by a surviving Gutenburg Bible that contains these very leafy borders (see Fig. 5, right, and more here).
The final point
Models are crucial in any learning process. Observing how something is done helps you acquire a skill you lack as much as it encourages you to develop further those you already have. Moreover, there is an additional use to these pattern books that has not yet been mentioned: the beautiful letters and shapes could also be browsed by readers looking for a good image for their newly acquired book. Patrons visiting artisans' shops could well have been given these objects to find out what the book-maker was capable of providing. Given its many uses, it is hardly surprising that the tradition shown in this blog is also encountered in other cultures, including Byzantine and Arabic book production.
One particularly unusual Arabic specimen deserves to make the final point of this post. The fragment shown in Fig. 6 presented Arabic decorators with models of scenes from the New Testament (more here). It figures that the artisans, used to decorating the Quran, needed a little inspiration when it came to the Bible. This specimen is also interesting because it presents a type of instruction not seen in Western copies, as far as I know: some of the figures have been outlined by tiny holes, meaning that the sheet could be used as "tracing paper" (click the image to see this closer). While this ultimate instruction method took all potential flaws and creativity out of the modelling process, it allowed decorators with lesser talents to produce something beautiful.
Post-scriptum 19 September, 2014 – Mari-Liisa Varila (@mlvarila) alerted me to a 17th-century equivalent to the Arabic "tracing paper" specimen (here you'll find more information). More about this technique, which is called pouncing, here.
Like this:
At its very heart the medieval book is a vehicle of information. It was an expensive receptacle for text, which was poured onto the page by the scribe, and retrieved by the reader. As strange as this may sound, as a book historian I have limited interest in the actual text found on the medieval page. My job is to look at books, not to read them: knowing author, genre and purpose often suffices for what I do. Very different, however, is my attitude towards words found in the margins, placed there "extra-textually" by scribes and readers. Here we may find information about the production circumstances of a given manuscript and the attitude of scribes or readers towards a text. In most books, there was ample room to add such details, because on average a stunning fifty percent of the medieval page was left blank. It is in this vast emptiness, so often overlooked in editions of texts, that we may pick up key information about the long life of the book.
We are taught not to point, but in the margin of the page it is okay. Readers frequently felt the need to mark a certain passage, for example for future reference or to debate its meaning (Fig. 1; more here). To do so, they added manicula (Latin for "little hand") those highly entertaining pointing fingers. This is good news for us, because they facilitate a look into the mind of a medieval reader. It is not uncommon that a person's interest shines through the collection of marginal hands in a manuscript. While most individuals simply marked spots with an X, the pointing hand provided a much clearer – and more expressive – signpost. A particularly entertaining pair is found in Berkeley's Bancroft Library. To mark a particularly long passage we encounter a hand where all five fingers have been drafted into service, while in another case the hand is replaced by an octopus with five tentacles (Fig. 2-3).
From time to time a debatable passage is highlighted by a pointing device that is part of the book's decoration, like Augustine taking a stance while aiming his spear at a gloss in the text, seen at the top of this post (source).
Critiquing Authorities
Fig. 4 – Vienna, ÖNB, S.n. 12.857, fol. 95v (14th century)
There is nothing more inviting to a critical mind than the empty space of the margin. Medieval readers frequently felt the need to vent in that location, for different reasons. Like Augustine and his spear, they would express their dismay about something. There is the Carthusian monk from Herne, for example, who could not handle the poor Latin-Dutch Bible translation he was reading. With a pen shaking from frustration he wrote: "Whoever translated these Gospels, did a very poor job!" (Fig. 4) The same person is encountered in the margins of a different manuscript, where he corrected yet another flawed translation (Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale, MS 2849-51). Providing improved readings in the margins he added the following personal touch: "This is how I would have translated it." Take that, translator!
While such explicit remarks are exceptional, critiquing the text in the margin was a normal thing to do as a medieval reader. In most cases he or she would jot down a gloss next to the actual text and connect the two with so-called tie marks – the precursor of our footnote (Fig. 5). This practice became particularly popular in the university classroom of the thirteenth century. The De disciplina scholarum, a student guidebook from Paris, stipulated that wax tablets or tiny slips of parchment were taken into the classroom for note-taking. These notes were later added to the margins of students' textbooks. Aristotle manuscripts, the main textbook for the Arts Faculty, even provided a clever "zoning" system to accommodate criticism: the margins were broken up into vertical columns where the opinions of master and student would settle (visible in Fig. 5).
Scribes Getting Personal
The examples so far show how marginal additions allow us to peek into the world of those who read manuscripts. Similarly, marginalia bring us closer to those who made the books. Well known are the logistical remarks. From time to time we encounter cross references ("For more on this theme, see this and this page"), remarks about a manuscript's contents ("Something seems missing here"), or indicators expressing that something is missing ("Vacat", this is empty). While these statements suggest that book makers put their heart into their scribal work, they can hardly be called "personal".
That label is appropriate for a rarer type of scribal remark. From the same Charterhouse as the nitty-gritty reader who disliked the Gospel translation comes the following marginal notation: "I put this text here because it also contains work by [the author] Jacob van Maerlant" (Ghent, Universiteitsbibliotheek, MS 1374, fol. 129r). Says the same scribe in another manuscript: "I copied this here because it analyses faith" (Vienna, ÖNB, Cod. 13.708, fol. 218r). With these remarks the scribe appears to deliver a personal message to the reader, sharing his rationale for compiling the collections.
Other personal statements come from the world of commercial book production. Here it was all about making a profit out of producing and selling books (Fig. 6). Some artisans wrote their name and location in the margin, like a medieval form of spam (I wrote about it here). Not every paid scribe was equally happy with what he received and from time to time we encounter complaints. On 15 May 1444, at nine o'clock in the evening, the scribe Henry of Damme finished a copy of a chronicle about the city of Brussels, which he had copied for the municipal government. In a corner of a flyleaf he tallies his expenses: "11 golden letters, 8 shilling each; 700 (initial) letters with double shafts, 7 shilling for each hundred; and 35 quires of text, each 16 leaves, at 3 shilling each" (source, in Dutch). Unsatisfied as he was, he wrote the following underneath the last text line: Pro tali precio nunquam plus scriber volo: "For such a (small) amount I won't write again!" (Brussels, Bibliothèque Royale, MS 19607, fol. CCLXXVr).
The breakdown of these numbers show that Henry had little reason for complaining: he earned 1.4 shilling a day, which is about the same as his fellow scribes working in the chancery. While the Carthusian scribe who explained the reasons for putting a collection together made a positive and personable connection to the readers of his books, Henry's remarks, by contrast, expose him as a bit of a greedy whiner.
Share this:
Like this:
Written by hand, medieval manuscripts are very different from printed books, which started to appear after Gutenberg's mid-fifteenth-century invention of moving type. One difference in particular is important for our understanding of manuscripts. While printed books were produced in batches of a thousand or more, handwritten copies were made one at the time. In fact, medieval books, especially those made commercially, came to be after a detailed conversation between scribe and reader, a talk that covered all aspects of the manuscript's production. This is the only way the scribe could ensure the expensive product he was about to make was in sync with what the reader wanted. Consequently, while printed books were shaped generically and according to the printer's perception of what the (anonymous) "market" preferred, the medieval scribe designed a book according to the explicit instructions of its user.
This principle of one-on-one (of scribe-reader and reader-manuscript) explains why we come across some very strange medieval books. Scribes, especially those that were paid for their work, would accommodate any quirky wish – why on earth not? Here is a selection of five striking manuscripts that are literally outstanding as they are shaped unlike the bulk of surviving medieval manuscripts.
This Book of Hours has the most peculiar shape (Fig. 1): its pages resemble lily leaves (the yellow background is a paper sheet used for contrast). Such Fleurs-de-Lis were a symbol for French royalty, which puts this special book in a particular setting right away. In fact, we know it was made for king Henry II of France, who used it for private devotion – the Book of Hours contained prayers and other short texts, which were read at set times during the day. Not only does the very shape of the pages testify to the object's royal patron, so too does the high quality of the decoration (more images here). The manuscript handles extremely well: it measures only 182×80 mm and has a limited number of pages (129 leaves), which means it is light and easy to hold for a long time. Evidently, even during private devotion Henry II was treated like a king.
2. Codex Rotundus
Fig. 2 – Hildesheim, Dombibliothek, MS 728 (1450-75)
This is one of the most peculiar medieval book formats out there (Fig. 2). While you'd expect to see some corners on a page, the Codex Rotundus lacks any at all. Like the previous item, it concerns a Book of Hours, an instrument used for private devotion. Currently kept in the Dombibliothek at Hildesheim as MS 728 (more here), it was originally made in a Bruges workshop for Adolf of Cleves, whose monogram is engraved on the clasps. Adolf was the nephew of Phillip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, which puts this book in a courtly environment, like the previous item. The pages are only 90 mm in diameter, which means this manuscript was designed as a true portable item, perhaps to be brought to church during journeys away from court. The page design came with its own challenges for the binder, however, who had to add no less than three clasps to keep it closed.
3. Heart-Shaped Book
Fig. 3 – Copenhagen, KB, Thott MS 1510 (c. 1550)
It kind of makes sense to put love poetry in a heart-shaped book (Fig. 3). Still, very few of them survive. Medieval paintings show actual readers prominently showcasing their heart-shaped books, suggesting it must have been a tradition (an example is found here). Copied in the sixteenth century, this particular one from the Danish National Library is the oldest manuscript with love ballads in Danish vernacular (more information here). It contains 83 of them, all composed at the court of King Christian III. The contents may be royal, the appearance of the manuscript certainly is not. In fact, with its scruffy script and mishmash layout, the heart book is far removed from the high-end manuscripts presented so far. Moreover, judging from this added marginal note, the life of the individual who read the book was far removed from the comforts of court: "May God end and turn my misery into a good and happy ending." He sounds heartbroken.
4. Narrow Books
Fig. 4 – St Gall, Stiftsbibliothek, MS 360 (c. 1100)
This book is unusual in more than one way. It concerns a hymnal, which was carried through the church during processions (Fig. 4). This is why the book is fitted in a box, which was removed when the pages were used to sing from. What is perhaps more striking about this object is its dimensions: the pages are unusually tall and narrow. Medieval scribes were very strict about the relation between a page's height and width. It more or less resembles our modern standard in that the width is about 0.7 of the page height (which is 1.0). The narrow format made it possible to hold the book with one hand: the pressure of its weight pressed down on the palm of the hand, not on the finger tips. This tall and high "performance" format was also used in early-modern theatres, and some educators favoured it for use in the classroom, as discussed in a previous blog.
5. Miniature Books
Fig. 5 – London, British Library, Stowe MS 956 (c. 1540)
And then there are the miniature books. This tiny object holds an English translation of the Psalms and is only 40 mm in height – less than the short side of your credit card (Fig. 5). It was owned by Anne Boleyn, whose life was cut equally short thanks to her husband Henry VIII, recognisably depicted on the opening page. There are several types of movable books (see this blog "Books on the Go"). As the "loops" on the binding show, this book was designed as a girdle book, which means that it likely dangled from Boleyn's belt. Although some great specimens survive (see this blog post), such small books were infrequently made in medieval times. This was in part because they could not hold much text and it required particular skills to write such small script. In fact, research shows that less than 1% of surviving manuscripts measure less than 150 mm in height.
While these five examples showcase the exceptional in medieval manuscript culture, one ought to keep in mind that the items stand out because the majority of medieval books do not look like this. On an average day (week, month, year) the book historian will not encounter books like the ones seen here. This is important as it underscores just how strictly medieval scribes adhered to very particular – and the same – rules of book production. Remarkably, these rules of book production were not written down but passed on during training, whether in a monastic environment of in the guild system of the late-medieval cities. While the users of the books above may have been keen to own objects that looked different from the pack, their makers knew this is not what a book was supposed to look like – but they penned it anyway.
Like this:
This is the first post of my new blog medievalbooks.nl. Until now I have posted short blogs on my Tumblr and longer ones on the collaborative research blog MedievalFragments. As the latter will be coming to an end, this is a good moment to start a blog with longer posts of my own.
For a reader there are few things more exciting than opening a new book and exposing its first page. How will the story start? Where is it set? Who is the main character? For the historian of the medieval book the thrill is the same, albeit for different reasons. As the squeaky wooden board falls open, various questions arise: In what script will the book be written? What layout did the scribe choose? What will the decoration look like?I love the opening page of the medieval book not just because it embodies the start of a new exploration, but also because it reveals the "whole being" of the book. Unique clues can be found on a manuscript's first page, clues about the artisans that produced the object and the individuals who owned it over the centuries. Moreover, the opening page often provides the first inkling of the purpose for which the manuscript was made. Here we go!
Fig. 1 – Opening page of British Library, Sloane MS 2424 (fol. 1r), 12th century
Artisans The most "in your face" clue about the individuals who produced the manuscript is provided by the script – the handwriting of a medieval scribe. As you start reading the first page, certain book-historical data starts to flow. The shape of medieval letters transmits two important pieces of information: the scribe's whereabouts and "whenabouts". I have blogged about the peculiar process of "sensing" how old a manuscript is (read it here). A similar feeling produces a sense of the country or region where the scribe was trained – and where he, we presume, produced the book. This copy of William of Conches' Dragmaticon philosophiae (Fig. 1) was clearly produced by a scribe trained in Southern France. Such is suggested, among other things, by the shape of Tironian "et", which features a firm and long horizontal top that starts far left from centre (Fig. 2).
Fig. 2 – Tironian abbreviation for 'et' (detail of Fig. 1)
In fact, according to this British Library record François Avril placed the manuscript in Languedoc, in the very south of France. He did so on the basis of the decoration, which is another bookish feature expressing information about the origins of a manuscript. Both the colours of the initial and the "box" placed around it have a Southern-French feel (Fig. 3), showing that both artisans – scribe and decorator – were likely trained in that region. Decoration is a key element in the pursuit of information about the makers of a manuscript. This, in turn, increases the value of the opening page, because many medieval manuscripts (including the one shown in Fig. 1) contain a decorated initial on their first page only. The start of the book had to be celebrated, as it were, providing us with clues as to where that party took place.
Fig. 3 – Decorated initial (detail of Fig. 1)
Owners
The first page is even more important for establishing who owned the manuscript. We often forget that the average medieval book may have had as many as fifteen owners. A thirteenth-century copy, for example, is currently 800 years old. If the average reading life of an individual was forty years (meaning he started to build a library at, say, twenty years of age), we may assume that the thirteenth-century book in question has had twenty different owners. It is no surprise, then, that we often find multiple names and ex-libris inscriptions written down in medieval books.
The first page was a prime location for such details, in part because medieval librarians knew that ownership inscriptions placed on cover- and flyleaves would disappear when the book was rebound. British Library, Sloane MS 2424 features a wide array of ownership inscriptions on its opening page, both from medieval and modern times. The oldest one is found at the very top: an ex-libris inscription in thirteenth-century cursive script (Fig. 4). It is partly erased (as one does with second-hand books), meaning the identity of the institution who owned the manuscript remains anonymous.
Fig. 4 – Ownership inscription, 13th century (detail of Fig. 1)
The page in question also holds more modern shelfmarks. The number "2424", written down in an eighteen-century hand, refers to the book's place in the library of Sir Hans Sloane (d. 1753), who owned the manuscript prior to the British Library (Fig. 5). An earlier shelfmark, "B.27", scratched out by Sloane, was likely from one of the previous owners – which included Louis Malet and Sir Robert Cotton, as the Schoenberg Database of provenances tells us. A nineteenth-century stamp from the British Library points to the present owner.
Purpose
The hardest thing to read from the first page of the medieval manuscript is the purpose for which the object was made. For this kind of information one may turn to dimensions and layout. The pretty manuscript in Fig. 6, for example, has margins that are slightly wider than normal. Originally the margins would have been even larger, considering that the book was bound at least twice, meaning that its width was reduced twice by the binder's knife. Such broad margins suggest that this twelfth-century book filled with patristic excerpts was designed to be glossed. In fact, a later user did use the provided space for his (illegible) personal notes.
Fig. 6 – Opening page of British Library, Arundel MS 173 (fol. 1r)
As with layout, a page's dimensions may also provide information about the purpose for which a medieval book was created. Take the peculiar copy of Virgil's Aeneis in Fig. 7. The book breaks with the norm of medieval book production in that the page is extremely high and narrow. We know that this format was favoured by individuals who used books in a setting of performance, such as soloists in the church and actors on the stage. Similarly, teachers in monastic schools enjoyed the narrow format, which accommodated their walking through the classroom as Virgil's text was used to teach novices Latin grammar – a common use for classical manuscripts in this age. In sum, the likely function of Harley 2777 already jumps off its first page.
For the impatient scholar who cannot wait to see the first page, narrow books like the Harley Virgil are perfect. After all, its unusual dimensions, which are so very telling for the manuscript's purpose, are already evident when the manuscript is still sitting in its box, unopened. Even before the first page is consulted, the manuscript has already transmitted some of its secrets.
Note – You may want to check out the accompanying post devoted to the manuscript's 'last' page, which was published on my project's collaborative research blog MedievalFragments. It is reposted below (or click here).
Like this:
I love the last page of the medieval book. Not because it means that my research of a particular manuscript is almost completed, but because the last page often provides information pertaining to the origins of the object – information not normally found elsewhere in the manuscript. This post, which discusses some of this information, is devoted to the last text page of a manuscript as well as the last physical page of the book – which are, perhaps surprisingly, not usually the same thing.
The Last Page of the Text The last page of the text was a podium where the scribe could state information about himself and the circumstances of the book's production. While few scribes seized this opportunity (about one in seven do say something), such added information, collected in what we call a "colophon", can enrich our knowledge of a manuscript considerably. Some colophons provide a glance into the reality of the scriptorium or urban workshop, where a scribe toils over a piece of parchment. Well known are colophons that state such cries as "Please give me a drink!" or "Let my right hand be free from pain!" (see Fig. 1 and this MedievalFragments post).
More telling are colophons where a scribe lifts the veil and allows us to peek into his or her working space. The Paris artisan Herneis states on the last page of a book he copied: "If someone else would like such a handsome book, come and look me up in Paris, across from the Notre Dame cathedral" (see Fig. 2 and this MedievalFragments post). There are other cases where a commercial scribe advertises his work. One from mid-fifteenth-century Holland copied the same book up to eight times (the historical books of the Old Testament), showing that his labor is a commercial enterprise. At the end of one of these he writes: "If there is somebody who would like a copy of the New Testament, I would be happy to provide it for payment, because it is beautiful" (Utrecht, Universiteitsbibliotheek, MS 1006, fol. 455r).
While Herneis in Paris was spamming a general audience, telling them where to go for a good book, the anonymous scribe in Holland was likely addressing the individual for whom he just copied the Old Testament. When the reader got to the end of the last page, he stumbled into this not-so-subtle recommendation for more good stuff – not unlike what happens when you search for a good read on Amazon: "If you like that book, you will love this one!"
As exciting as these examples are, the really important colophons are those that read like a title page. The colophon in Leiden, Universiteitsbibliotheek, BPL MS 2541 is an example of a particularly rich source of information about how the manuscript came to be. The colophon on the last page states: "Pray for the person who made this book, which was completed in 1484 in the city of Maaseik, where we were taking refuge after our convent had burned down" (Fig. 3). These few lines provide a wealth of information, most importantly when and where the book was made, but even something extra about the life (and suffering) of the scribe, who recently lost her home in a fire.
The Last Page of the Book The second kind of last page that this post highlights is the actual last page of the book. As you can see in Fig. 3, the end of the last page sometimes coincides with the end of the book, or at least with the original medieval part of it. What also happens, quite frequently, in fact, is that the last text page is followed by one or more medieval flyleaves. These are often the remaining blank leaves of a last quire, which were left in place as an extra layer of protection. Flyleaves could also be added, usually in the form of a bifolium that was fixed in between the last quire and the board, to which half of the bifolium was appended as a pastedown.
The empty flyleaf – the actual last page of the medieval book – is usually a feast to look at. It was the ideal location to test your pen, to doodle on, or to add informal notes. Some librarians favoured putting the title of the book on the last page, as in Fig. 4, where the librarian wrote "Paterius de opusculis sancta Gregorii" in a book filled with excerpts from works by Gregory the Great.
Far more entertaining (for us) are, of course, the famous doodles that were frequently placed on flyleaves. Testing the pen was a common occurrence, given that the quill had to be cut several times per day. Scribes turned to the last page of a nearby book to jot short sentences of doodle little drawings to see if the nib's cut was in order. Interestingly, some of these trials seem to combine testing the pen and trying out decorative elements. A good example of this is the page shown in Fig. 5.
While testing his pen, the scribe of these lovely doodles actually produced shapes that would not be out of place on an actual text page as decoration. It is almost as if he was refining a skill while also dealing with the nib of his pen. After all, a nib could be tested with just a few squiggly lines. Thus the last page of the book becomes a test ground for artistic creations: it makes for an attractive last thing to glance at before closing the book.
Note: This was originally posted as my last contribution to the collaborative research blog MedievalFragments. A companion piece on "The First Page of the Medieval Book" can be read here.
Share this:
Like this:
While our eyes are naturally drawn to pages filled with color and gold, those without decoration can be equally appealing. Indeed, even damaged goods – mutilated bindings, torn pages, parchment with cuts and holes – can be highly attractive, as I hope to show in this post. The visual power of damage may be generated by close-up photography, with camera and book at just the right angle, catching just the right amount of light. The following images celebrate the beauty of the injured book, the art of devastation.
This is what I call a Frankenstein page. It is composite in that the top part is from a different sheet, perhaps even from a different animal, than the lower half. The sheet used by the scribe was short on one side, but he still wanted to use it. In came the patch that is now the top half of the page. Where the two pieces of skin meet the scribe-surgeon punched holes through which he pulled a thin cord, joining them together. The operation was successful, the insert was not rejected, and so the page could be filled with text. Miraculously, the low-quality book was never thrown out. Instead, it limped, for centuries, to the finish line of our present day – to the safety of the Leiden University Library.
This poor-looking manuscript from the fifteenth century looks worn and beaten. It is so happy to be retired that you can almost hear a groan of disappointment when you take it out of its box. The manuscript is filled with school texts and it was heavily used over a long period of time. At some point the binding gave in and began to arch, like an old man with a painful back. It could do so because the book was fitted with a cheap, so-called "limp binding". This type lacked the wooden boards of regular bindings – as well as the firm support these boards provided. Such bad backs are reflective of how popular the books once were.
This page needs a shave. From time to time you encounter a hole in the page, but this one is special. An important stage in the preparation of parchment was removing the hair from the skin. When the parchment-maker pushed too hard with his knife, a cut like this would appear. Not unlike a distracted hairdresser, the individual who prepared the parchment overlooked a few tiny – white – hairs, which still inhabit the hole. It makes for a pretty picture with the light from behind, which also highlights the text on the other side of the page.
This parchment sheet came from an animal with skin problems. It appears that the cow had been in a fight and was kicked. As your butcher will tell you, such kicks result in scar tissue, which he will remove. Judging from how infrequent we encounter such patches in medieval books, we may assume that skin with such damage was not processed into parchment. However, this particular book was made from off-cuts: strips of bad parchment that were cut away and thrown out. Remarkably, someone fished them out of the bin and produced a book from it (more details can be found in this YouTube movie I made). Thus this "garbage manuscript" exposes an urge for cheap materials as well as a dispute between two medieval cows.
Books are made for reading and thus for being handled by human hands. The margins facilitate an easy grip of the book without your fingers blocking the view on the text. However, if you hold a book with dirty hands, you may leave your mark behind as a reader. While such stains are often subtle, the person that handled this twelfth-century manuscript had inky fingers: he left a fingerprint behind. Judging from the colour – a shiny, deep kind of black – it concerns printing ink, which puts this manuscript in the hands of a printer. He did not bother to wash his hands. It was, after all, one of those old-fashioned handwritten manuscripts, which had been long overtaken by the modern and spiffy printed book.
And so it happened that a certain medieval reader did not pay attention and placed his book in a moist environment. And so it happened that he forgot all about the book. That is the story behind the mould on the pages of this eleventh-century Psalter. The fungi turned purple over time, producing a neat contrast between the high quality white parchment sheets and their damaged corners. It's the beautiful despair of a book under duress.
All images were taken with a Canon Eos 600D camera and a Sigma DC 18-250 mm lens (at aperture value 6.3).
Note: This post was originally written for, and posted on, my project blog MedievalFragments.
Share this:
Like this:
It is the evening of Thursday 27 February, 2014, and at the moment I am sitting in The White Horse being stared at by Inspector Morse, who frequented this pub back in the day – and who seems to have left a portrait behind every time he did. When I look out the window I can see the Bodleian Library, that treasure trove of medieval books. For the past week this is where I have been: Oxford, more precisely Corpus Christi College. Invited to be the 2014 E.A. Lowe Lecturer in Palaeography, I came to the college for a week to give lectures on medieval script. I learned a lot over the past week, both from the audience's responses and through discussions with colleagues, both inside and outside Corpus Christi College – a most welcoming and hospitable community. This blog has everything to do with medieval manuscripts, but it is more personal than usual, if you forgive me: I thought I'd give a sense of what it entails, doing lectures in a historical place like this. So here is my week of being part of a stimulating academic world.
Corpus Christi College, Oxford (pic: my own)
I arrived in Oxford last Thursday afternoon, just in time to hear @WillNoel do the annual McKenzie Lecture in bibliography in St Cross College, titled "Bibliography in Bits". Will, Twitter celebrity par excellence, is a well-known proponent of Open Access and making digital data available for all to download and use. ("For free!" he would add to that in a loud voice.) He talked about digital surrogates of medieval books: how a manuscript's digital representation is its own entity, how it exists – is – in its own right. He showed how a digital manuscript is a resource that teaches us things the material object itself may not reveal. His lecture (and the dinner that followed) formed a great start of my week here. It would also be the last thing I would do – until now, sitting in this pub – without a certain amount of pressure.
That pressure was not just generated by the venue, but also by the fact that the data at the heart of my lectures had just been harvested – with the indispensable help of my Research Assistant, RV. The paint of my lectures still wet, much of my free time was filled with going through my data and deducing how to expand the scope of my papers with their help. My three lectures aimed to show how the major book script of the Early Middle Ages (Caroline Minuscule, in use from c. 800 to c. 1100) morphed into the major book script of the Later Middle Ages (Littera Textualis, or Gothic script, used from c. 1200 to c. 1600). It's a great topic because the century in between the two is filled with experimentation by scribes, of mixing older and newer features, and of fights for dominance between opposing letter shapes. My approach was threefold. First, finding a way to describe in objective terms what the actual difference is between the letter shapes in the two scripts. Second, registering in a database whether scribes in different ages and geographical areas preferred the Caroline or Gothic presentation of a letter. Third, translating this data into graphs that provide insight into the transformation from the one script into the other. Each step of my research came with challenges and limitations, but also with opportunities to advance our knowledge.
Title slide of my first lecture
So, here we are, on the Friday: my first lecture. It focuses on how the transitional script from the Long Twelfth Century evolved over time. The theater is filling up nicely (about 75 people have come) and I start to do my thing. I discuss the method for about twenty minutes and then dive into the paleographical depths of the complex hybrid script. Highlighting differences between letter shapes I begin to carve out an objectified description of the road between Caroline and Gothic, focusing not on the overall impression but on hard, measurable features. I challenge the traditional temporal boundaries of the two scripts and feel brave enough to query, at the end of the lecture, whether we ought to perhaps abolish our notion of Caroline and Gothic being different scripts. Would it not be better to regard them as different expressions of the same writing system? My data certainly backed up this provocative idea. After the lecture a dinner was organized in the founder's room of Corpus Christi Corpus: a great end of my first performance.
Then came the weekend, which I spent with family just outside Oxford – walks, pubs, and a newspaper on Sunday. On Monday I did an extra-curricular masterclass for the Centre for the Study of the Book, which runs under auspices of The Bodleian Libraries (here). It had been arranged only a few weeks earlier, within half an hour, and entirely through Twitter messages between me and @DanielWakelin1 – medieval books are so modern! In a seminar room filled with graduate students, faculty and nine medieval manuscripts I talked about two unusual book types: the elegantly tall and narrow holsterbook, and the off-cut manuscript, which is made from recycled strips of parchment. The students had picked out a selection of specimens from the Bodleian Library, adding to the class's hands-on character. In the afternoon the Fellow Librarian of Merton College gave me a private tour through their medieval library, which is Britain's oldest surviving library designed for use by scholars (I blogged about it here).
Medieval Library at Merton College (pic: my own)
Then came Tuesday and my second Lowe Lecture. Having done temporal development last Friday, it made sense to focus on the enormous regional variation in the transformation from Caroline to Gothic. When you place a manuscript from Germany next to one from France you can sense that they are not equally advanced, but with a new tool I developed I could support such intuitive verdicts with a number. I introduced the notion of Gothic Weight, which measures the "Gothicness" of a script written between 1075 and 1225. It gives a value to each of the thirty or so features I track in my database: 2 points for Gothic, 0 points for Caroline and 1 point if the script trait in question is presented in a mixed form – meaning that the scribe uses both Caroline and Gothic on the same page. When the points are added up, you end up with one number representing how advanced or behind an individual scribe was with respect to his handwriting. It means you can compare a German and a French manuscript objectively, as well as comparing Germany and France as a whole (by taking the average Gothic Weight), or even map the increase of Gothiness over time within European regions.
Sculpture of a scholar, Bodleian Library (Pic: my own)
Wednesday and Thursday were filled with working hard on the third paper, in which I aimed to show how Gothic script evolved not over time or in different regions, but as a novelty that was passed on to new generations of scribes. How did idiosyncrasy turn into new norm? My database did not provide an answer to this question, but using my data in combination with broader questions I could explore the very difficult question of a script's dissemination – albeit without providing a definitive answer. The paper mainly focused on training, as I figured this was the moment when a new script feature had the chance to jump to a new user – a novice in a monastery being trained to write for the first time. In fact, such transmission would depend on the person in charge of training novices: if he was modern and advanced, then likely so would his pupils be. The main part of the paper therefore examined two cases where teacher and pupil were found on the same page: the first prompting the latter, monitoring progress, and correcting mistakes. It is exciting research given that you study, in a sense, the "homework" of a medieval scribe.
After the lecture I was invited for dinner in St Edmunds Hall and after that I retreated to the White Horse, where I am currently writing this blog. The bell for the last round has just rung, so I must be off – away from this pub and, tomorrow, from Oxford. One last time I will open the medieval gate of Corpus Christi College with my electronic key chain – a contrast that strikes me as a suitable parallel for my week of studying digitally the handwriting of medieval scribes.
More information – The full abstracts of my Lowe Lectures are found here. More about my approach to medieval script in this blog about kissing letters. Download this free book if you want to read an article I wrote on mapping script objectively.
Note: This post was originally written for, and posted on, my project blog MedievalFragments. | eng | 633559f5-ed96-49e5-a972-44f5766f4008 | https://medievalbooks.nl/page/5/ |
Cultural Calendar
Cultural events are listed here with basic background details. For specific events, dates, and times, please see the Featured Events on the Cultural Calendar main page.
EVENT DESCRIPTION
This day is focused on ways to improve the lives and situations of refugees all round the world. Refugees most often come from catastrophic circumstances where they had to flee their home countries due to civil war, terror, and other crises. The transit period of waiting in camps are sometimes dangerous and unsanitary to say the least. Resettlement grants can sometimes take years to be issued and refugees don't always have a say in which country they are resettled in. In recent times, these crises have reached a global scale. The need to support refugees and celebrate them as dignified people who are in need of humanitarian aid is essential. | eng | bd3d0c63-63b3-4bd4-9d15-92fe81d8d87e | https://culturalcalendar.nz/world%20refugee%20day |
BYJU'S Recruitment 2023
BYJU'S is looking for highly motivated and experienced Mentors to join its team. The ideal candidate will have a strong understanding of the edtech industry and experience in teaching and mentoring students.
BYJU'S Careers
Responsibilities:
Teach and mentor students on BYJU'S learning platform
Develop and implement personalized learning plans for each student
Track and report on student progress
Provide feedback and support to students and parents
Stay up-to-date on the latest edtech trends and best practices
BYJU'S Jobs Near Me
Skills:
Strong understanding of the edtech industry
Experience in teaching and mentoring students
Excellent communication and interpersonal skills
Ability to work independently and as part of a team
Ability to work under pressure and meet deadlines
Proficiency in using BYJU'S learning platform and other educational technology tools | eng | 1676f78e-5bc3-491a-b994-8e4bd49127ae | https://jobs.govhelp.in/job/byjus-recruitment-2023-jobs-mentor-post/ |
Cart
What is CGI Animation and How Does it Work?
CGI, or Computer Generated Imagery, is a powerful tool that has revolutionized the world of animation. Although it has been in use since the 1970s, advancements in technology have made it more accessible than ever before. Whether you're watching a blockbuster movie or an animated show, chances are you're seeing some form of CGI animation. But what exactly is CGI animation? How does it work? In this blog post, we'll dive into the fascinating world of CGI animation and explore everything from its basic principles to its practical applications in the entertainment industry. So strap in and get ready for a journey through the exciting world of digital animation!
1. Introduction to CGI Animation
As someone who has always been fascinated by the world of animation and visual effects, I have always been intrigued by the power of computer-generated imagery (CGI) animation. In this blog, we will be exploring what CGI animation is, how it works, and some of its key applications. In the following sections, we will delve into the history, creation process, and notable examples of CGI animation in film and television. Whether you're a fan of blockbuster films or video games, it's impossible to ignore the impact that CGI animation has had on the industry. Join me as we dive into the world of CGI animation and uncover the secrets behind its power and popularity.
Source: i.ytimg.com
2. The History of CGI Animation
As I mentioned in the introduction section, CGI animation is a form of computer-generated imagery used in various applications such as film, television, and video games. This remarkable animation technique didn't appear overnight but rather has a fascinating history that dates back to the 1950s. Animation cells with patterns created using mechanical computers were early precursors to the animations we see today. I also touched on how essential the role of computer graphics is in CGI animation, which has played a significant part in its development. In this section, I would like to talk more about the history of CGI animation and how it has evolved. From its earliest days in the 1940s, I have seen how CGI animation has gone from simple 2D images to becoming a popular form of 3D animation in the 2000s. The history of CGI animation is a fascinating subject, and as an animator myself, it's thoroughly enjoyable to explore.
Source: i.ytimg.com
3. How CGI Animation Works
As we've discussed earlier, CGI animation involves the creation of still or animated visual content with the help of computer software. But how does it work? In basic terms, it all begins with a concept and a storyboard, which outlines what the final product should look like. From there, an artist creates a 3D model that is then textured and shaded to give it a realistic appearance. Once the model is complete, it can be animated using software that generates keyframes, or still images that show the motion of the object at different points in time. These keyframes are then rendered into a seamless animation using advanced computer algorithms. The result is the creation of lifelike animations that can be used in movies, TV shows, video games, and more. In addition to technical skills, creating high-quality CGI animations also requires creativity and artistic talent to bring characters and scenes to life.
Source : macksennettstudios.net
4. The Role of Computer Graphics in CGI Animation
As we dive deeper into the world of CGI animation, it's important to understand the role that computer graphics play in the creation of these visual masterpieces. Computer graphics are the backbone of CGI animation, allowing animators to create stunning 2D and 3D graphics that are impossible to create using traditional animation techniques. By using sophisticated software and powerful computer hardware, animators can bring their imaginative visions to life with precision and accuracy. From lighting and shading to animation and rendering, computer graphics are the key to the success of CGI animation. In the next section, we'll explore some of the key applications of CGI animation and discuss how these techniques are used in the creation process.
Source: web.pdx.edu
5. Key Applications of CGI Animation
When it comes to the applications of CGI animation, the possibilities are truly endless. In my previous sections, I provided a comprehensive overview of what CGI animation is, how it works, and even looked at the history of this technology. In this section, I want to delve a little deeper into the key applications of CGI animation. This technology has revolutionized the way we create visual content, and its impact can be felt across numerous industries, including film, television, video games, architecture, product design, and advertising. CGI animation has been used to create stunning effects, realistic environments, and captivating characters that would have been impossible to achieve with traditional methods. The ability to create 3D models, and manipulate them in ways that feel real, has made it possible to bring even the wildest imaginations to life. In the next section, I will discuss the creation process of CGI animation, and the tools used by professionals to achieve their artistic vision.
Source: i.ytimg.com
6. The Creation Process of CGI Animation
As we have explored in the previous sections, CGI animation involves the creation of animated visual content using computer software. The creation process of CGI animation can be broken down into three distinct phases: pre-production, production, and post-production. In pre-production, the focus is on developing the initial concept, creating storyboards, designing characters and landscapes, and mapping out the sequence of events. This stage requires the collaboration of various teams, including writers, directors, and designers. In production, the CGI animators bring the concept to life by creating 3D models of the characters and props using specialized software. These models are then rigged and placed in the virtual environment, where the animators use keyframe animation to create movements and transitions between poses. Finally, in post-production, the animators add lighting, textures, and special effects to the animation, as well as fine-tune the movements and overall look of the final product. The process requires a high level of creativity, technical skill, and attention to detail from the various teams involved, but it can result in visually stunning and engaging animations. Furthermore, the use of CGI animation allows for greater flexibility and faster production times compared to traditional animation methods. As we continue to see progress in technology, it's clear that CGI animation will continue to play a significant role in the entertainment industry.
Source: animost.com
7. The Benefits and Limitations of CGI Animation
As we explore the world of CGI animation, it is important to understand the benefits and limitations that come with this technology. One of the biggest advantages of CGI animation is the ability to create stunning visual effects that simply cannot be achieved with traditional animation methods. Additionally, the use of CGI animation allows for greater flexibility and control during the creation process, as animators can easily manipulate and adjust the animations as needed. However, there are also limitations to CGI animation, including the high cost of software and hardware necessary to create high-quality animations, as well as the potential for animations to look stiff and unnatural if not executed properly. By understanding the benefits and limitations of CGI animation, we can better appreciate the skill and creativity required to produce successful animated works using this technology.
Source:
8. Notable Examples of CGI Animation in Film and Television
When it comes to CGI animation, there are countless examples from the world of film and television. One notable example of CGI animation in the film is the use of motion capture technology in The Lord of the Rings trilogy to bring the character Gollum to life. Another example is the groundbreaking use of CGI animation in Jurassic Park, which brought dinosaurs to the big screen in a whole new way. In television, popular animated shows such as The Simpsons and South Park rely heavily on CGI animation to create their characters and worlds. The use of CGI animation has even become prevalent in live-action television shows, such as Game of Thrones and The Mandalorian, to create realistic creatures and special effects. Overall, the use of CGI animation has greatly expanded the possibilities for storytelling in both film and television and will only continue to play a major role in the entertainment industry.
Source : naturalrecordsstudios.com
9. The Future of CGI Animation
Looking ahead to the future of CGI animation, it is clear that this technology will continue to play a pivotal role in the entertainment industry. Thanks to its versatility and flexibility, CGI animation will remain a valuable tool for creating both live-action and animated films, as well as television shows and video games. In the coming years, we can expect to see even more advanced CGI techniques and technologies. This will likely involve the development of more sophisticated software and hardware, as well as the use of new techniques such as virtual reality and augmented reality. At the same time, there are sure to be limitations and challenges to overcome. For example, there will always be a need to balance the desire for realism with the practical limitations of current technology. Regardless of these challenges, however, the future of CGI animation is bright, and we can look forward to many exciting new developments in the years to come.
Source: web.pdx.edu
10. Conclusion and Final Thoughts on CGI Animation
After exploring the history, workings, and applications of CGI animation, it is clear that it has revolutionized the art of animation in the media and entertainment industry. Its ability to create realistic and intricate visual effects and characters have made it a go-to tool for filmmakers and animators alike. However, it is important to note that CGI animation is not without its limitations, including its potentially high costs and excessive reliance on technology. Nevertheless, as we continue to push the boundaries of digital technology, the future of CGI animation looks bright indeed. I am excited to see how this incredible technology evolves and transforms the world of animation in the years to come | eng | 516b3462-b037-4e30-88bb-8133e1192396 | https://3dheven.com/what-is-cgi-animation-and-how-does-it-work/ |
I see you're familiar with bigotry
What I believe is that the vast majority of gun nuts, especially those who think they have to carry a gun while in public, and I know or have known many, are mostly older white guys, racists, who are afraid of a list of imaginary boogie men: blacks – especially black teenage boys in hoodies and sagging pants – surely they are all "street corner gangsters;" Hispanics – surely they are all illegals and wetbacks; white teenage boys in hoodies and sagging jeans, white trash, communists, Democrats, women (of all races), etc.
"older white guys". I'm a month short of 56, my cane and brace shout out victim. I can't run and I cannot bring a punch all the way up from my foot, like I could not all that long ago. It's not racism, jackass, it's necessity.
Personally, I resent the "older white guys" comment. I'm under 30, and I've been carrying for years. I live in a small city, and my neighborhood has more cops per-capita than any other neighborhood in town. But that doesn't stop burglaries on my street. Dang straight I have a 1911 on my hip all day. It transfers to my nightstand at night; and I have an AR 4 steps from my bed on the wall in my closet. The threats out there are not imagined.
And besides the young guys, what about women: the fastest growing gun-ownership demographic? For 8 years, my wife just let me be the protector, and didn't care much about getting her own CHL, but dang if she didn't turn into Momma Bear when she got pregnant. Her M&P never leaves her side, either.
Anybody else realize that what he calls "imaginary boogie men" are all real things? Does he think that the people in that list don't really exist and that's why he doesn't need a weapon? I mean seriously, he calls them "imaginary boogie men," yet they are all real. I know women (of all races) are real. I know Democrats are real. I know the rest are real. I'm not saying that those people are what I'm afraid of, just that they are real people that he seems to think we have made up to scare people. I wish we had made up Democrats. They could be something out of a scary movie!
nk, I hear ya. 59, no cane, no brace, but with a (for now) partially paralyzed left leg. Can't run, and taekwondo is pretty much out of the question. Too young to die, and too old to take an ass-kickin'. And around here, those "boogie men" aren't imaginary. Damn right I'm armed.
If you don't like firearms, don't own any. You don't like concealed carry, then don't jump through all the hoops to obtain a license.
The Lib-Cong feel compelled to force their values on everyone else.
Yes, I'm an old (62) white guy. I'm not a bigot and I've carried a pistol since I was 21. I just did it legally once Texas approved a CHL law in 1996. You might call that illegal, I call it civil disobediance.
So, I hope you continue to be a hateful bigot until Darwin's Law kicks in.
bet he models his mothers clothes in the closet and his wifes out in the bedroom and would crawl under the table with new reporters if under attack….scuse me time to take my daytime guns off and put on my sleeping guns,,ain't life grand!!!.
Why is it that every time one of these victim disarmament advocates tries to defend their anti-freedom view point they feel they have to drag out their veteran card? So you've (allegedly) served, so you've (allegedly) fired a lot of weapons. That does not make you qualified to have an authoritative opinion on CCW.."
How do you justify stereotyping gun owners? Last time I checked, I don't hate women, blacks, hispanics, democrats, republicans, etc. Although I will admit to thinking that those guys in the saggy jeans look a little ridiculous…
I'm a 50 year old woman, married with 2 kids, and have fairly liberal leanings on most social issues – except guns. I grew up around guns, and inherited quite a few from my father, a retired policeman and hunter. My dad taught me to shoot as a teenager. I have recently gotten back into shooting now that my girls are grown and old enough to be responsible around guns. I enjoy it enough to have purchased additional handguns more suited for competition, and have taught my daughters to shoot. Does that make me a gun nut? How many do you have to own to qualify as a nut? Isn't the use of that term just an incendiary ploy to sway your argument?
PS: I don't carry; my state doesn't allow it at all. I am considering a concealed carry permit from another state, but it is for protection while hiking in those 30+ states that allow reciprocal CCW. It would be awfully comforting to be able to carry while out alone on the trails by my home. Why should it make a difference if I am afraid of boogeyman or coyotes and bears?
Bull, er I mean Bill, what unit did you serve with in 66-67? For someone who has faced so much danger like yourself, went into conflict always armed, surely you would understand the merits of a firearm to protect ones self over a 9-11 call to police, yes or no? | eng | 6098d2ab-046d-4c6e-b69d-3a4845b895c1 | https://www.saysuncle.com/2012/05/16/i-see-youre-familiar-with-bigotry/ |
Eating for Sporting Events
Planning food for an all-day sporting event can be challenging. With the summer season around the corner there are many competitive sports that make nutrition a huge factor.
Majority of teams play multiple games during a day (back-to-back at times), it's essentially impossible to perform well in every game if you are not taking in food and fuel. Whether it's you participating in a softball summer league or your kids involved in soccer tournaments, it's essential for everyone in the family to keep nutrition in mind for optimal enjoyment and performance.
A good rule of thumb is to eat 2 hours before exercising, allowing your body enough time to digest all the essential nutrients. It can be difficult to know what and when to eat so here are some tips to help you fuel your body adequately.
Breakfast
Breakfast is the most important meal of the day. Try to balance your meals with a protein and a high complex carbohydrate that will keep the body's endurance lasting longer.
Breakfast ideas:
Toast or a bagel with peanut butter, and a piece of fruit
Two eggs, toast and 1 fruit
High protein smoothie
Snacking all day
When it comes to snacking, try to fuel your body with real food over processed foods.
Many sports bars & drinks are processed with loads of preservatives, sweeteners and additives. Snacks should be around 200 calories. It's important to stop snacking half an hour before competing.
Snacks should be balanced between carbohydrates and protein, and low in fats to keep the body nourished for a longer time. If you are the type of person that can't handle large quantities of food before a tournament then fat-burning or high glycemic index carbs (nuts, pretzels, breads, dried fruit) are the way to go. They digest much faster than slow-burning carbs and easier to tolerate.
Focusing on getting enough calories from high quality foods is the key. Aim to get
carbohydrates, healthy fats, and protein in every snack to provide sustained energy.
Snack ideas:
Banana or apples w/ almond or peanut butter
Granola w/ nuts & seeds
Cheese with fruit
Yogurt w/ fruit
Nut butter w/ crackers or bagel
Veggies & dip
Cereal w/ nuts
Kind bar
Snap peas
Dried fruits
Hydration
It's important to keep the body hydrated, especially during hot summer days. Electrolyte enhanced drinks such as Nuun tablets that offer sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium with no added sugars are better options than many other sports drinks.
Recovery eating
After a long day of competition, it's important to eat a balanced meal. Meals should be balanced between carbohydrates, protein and fat. Ideally it is best to have a carbohydrate-to protein ratio of 4:1. It basically means that for every ounce of protein there should be 4 ounces of carbs. It's optimal to eat a recovery meal within one hour of competition. | eng | a728b3e3-a18e-4385-82e0-0b2ad8abec7b | https://innerhealthwellness.com/eating-for-sporting-events/ |
Stockholm Stripes T-Shirt Stockholm Stripes T-Shirt Dress is a sporty, yet feminine warm-weather essential. Its swingy, crew neck silhouette makes it perfect for easy, everyday dressing, while its stretchy fabric ensures that it's always comfortable, and packable. Style it with a tote and sneakers for a casual feel, or pair it with heeled sandals and a sunhat and go out for a night on the town. | eng | 197c98c6-4097-4036-96c4-d522095d821e | https://anablairsboutique.com/products/stockholm-stripes-t-shirt-dress |
Analyzing the Role of Luck in Sports Outcomes
What Are the Different Types of Luck That Affect Sports Outcomes?
Luck plays a significant role in sports outcomes, and there are different types that can affect the outcome of a game. Beginners may not be aware of the many ways luck affects sports outcomes, and this article will discuss the various types of luck and provide examples of how they can affect the outcome of a game.
The first type of luck that can affect sports outcomes is chance-based luck. Chance-based luck is when a player or team benefits from random luck. For example, a football team may benefit from a fumble by the opposing team, leading to a touchdown. In baseball, a batter can hit a home run due to a gust of wind that carries the ball over the outfield wall. Chance-based luck is unpredictable and often difficult to control, so it can play a large role in sports outcomes.
The second type of luck that can affect sports outcomes is pattern-based luck. Pattern-based luck is when a player or team benefits from a pattern of luck over the course of a game. For example, a basketball team may be fortunate enough to get a number of favorable calls from the referees throughout the game, which can give them an advantage over their opponents. Pattern-based luck is more predictable than chance-based luck, as it involves the recognition of patterns and trends over the course of a game.
The third type of luck that can affect sports outcomes is skill-based luck. Skill-based luck is when a player or team benefits from their own skill and experience. For example, a golfer may sink a putt from fifty feet away due to their precise control of the club. A soccer team may benefit from a precise passing play due to their superior skill in ball control and passing accuracy. Skill-based luck is often the most predictable type of luck, as it depends on the skill and experience of the players involved.
Finally, the fourth type of luck that can affect sports outcomes is financial luck. Financial luck is when a player or team benefits from having more financial resources than their opponents. For example, a tennis player may benefit from buying top-of-the-line equipment, such as a $150 tennis racket, which could give them an edge over players with lower-end equipment. Financial luck can also include larger investments, such as a team spending $10 million USD on player contracts to improve their roster.
In conclusion, luck plays a large role in sports outcomes, and there are different types of luck that can affect the outcome of a game. Chance-based luck is unpredictable and often difficult to control, while pattern-based luck involves the recognition of patterns and trends. Skill-based luck depends on the skill and experience of the players involved, and financial luck can be an advantage when a team has more financial resources than their opponents. All of these types of luck can play a role in sports outcomes, and beginners should be aware of them.
How Does Luck Affect Professional Sports?
Luck plays a significant role in professional sports outcomes, with its influence being felt from the highest levels of competition all the way down to the amateur ranks. While skill and hard work are essential components of success in any sport, luck can also have a profound impact on the final result. From the perspective of team owners, coaches, and players, understanding the role luck plays in sports outcomes is essential in order to maximize their chances of success.
Luck can manifest itself in a variety of ways in professional sports. For example, luck can affect the outcome of a match by providing a team with an unexpected advantage. This could be in the form of a favorable referee decision, such as awarding a penalty kick or a free kick. This could also include a fortunate bounce of the ball or a favorable weather condition, such as a strong wind that helps a team's offense.
Luck can also impact the outcome of a professional sports season. For example, the length of a season can play a role in which teams make the playoffs and which teams miss the cut. Teams with a shorter schedule may have a better chance of making the playoffs due to the shorter amount of time they have to accumulate wins. Conversely, teams with a longer schedule may have a tougher time making the playoffs due to the greater number of games they have to play.
Luck can also have an impact on player salaries. For example, a player may be fortunate enough to be signed to a high-paying contract due to a favorable market or an unexpected surge in popularity. Conversely, a player may miss out on a lucrative contract due to an unexpected decrease in performance or an unfavorable market.
Luck can also have an impact on the financial success of professional teams. For example, teams may be lucky enough to have their games broadcast on a large network, which could result in a significant increase in revenue. Conversely, teams may be unlucky enough to have their games broadcast on a small network, which could result in significantly lower revenue.
Finally, luck can also affect the outcome of individual sports, such as golf, tennis, and auto racing. For example, a golf player may be lucky enough to score a hole-in-one, which could significantly improve their score. Conversely, a tennis player may be unlucky enough to hit their shot into the net, resulting in an unexpected loss. Similarly, a car driver may be lucky enough to have a favorable draft position, which could give them an unexpected advantage.
In summary, luck plays a significant role in professional sports outcomes, with its influence being felt from the highest levels of competition all the way down to the amateur ranks. From the perspective of team owners, coaches, and players, understanding the role luck plays in sports outcomes is essential in order to maximize their chances of success.
How Does Luck Impact the Outcome of a Sporting Event?
Luck plays an undeniable role in the outcome of a sporting event. In some sports, luck can be the deciding factor between victory and defeat. In other sports, luck can influence the outcome but is not the sole determining factor. It is essential to consider how luck impacts a sporting event when making predictions or analyzing the performance of a team or individual.
To understand the role of luck in sports outcomes, it is important to consider how luck can affect the outcome of a given game, match, or event. In some sports, such as golf, a player's success is often attributed to their skill level. However, luck can come into play when a golfer's ball lands in a favorable spot, or an unfavorable wind gust causes their ball to veer off course. In a game of darts, luck can come into play when a player's dart lands in a favorable spot, or the dart sticks in the board in a way that does not allow it to be easily removed. In a game of billiards, luck can come into play when a player's shot lands in a favorable pocket, or the cue ball bounces off the cushion in an unexpected manner.
In sports such as football, luck can play an even greater role in the outcome of a game. For instance, a team may have the better overall defense, but a lucky play by the opposing offense can lead to a touchdown. Likewise, a team may have the better overall offense, but a lucky defensive play can lead to an interception. In a game of baseball, a team may have the better offense, but a lucky defensive play can lead to the end of a rally and a loss for the team.
Luck can also come into play when it comes to officiating. In a football game, an official may make a call that favors one team over the other. In a basketball game, a referee may miss an important foul call that could have changed the outcome of the game. In a baseball game, an umpire may make a call that goes against the team that was initially favored to win.
In addition to the examples above, luck can come into play when a team or individual is dealt an injury. In a football game, a star player may suffer an injury that impacts his team's ability to perform. In a basketball game, an opposing player may suffer an injury that gives the team an advantage. In a baseball game, a team may be unable to score a run due to an unexpected injury to one of their players.
Finally, luck can come into play when it comes to financing. A team may have the best players and the best coaching staff, but without the financial resources to acquire the necessary equipment, training facilities, and other resources, they may not be able to perform at their highest level.
In summary, luck can play a major role in the outcome of a sporting event. While some sports may have luck as the sole determining factor between victory and defeat, other sports may have luck as an influencing factor. It is important to consider the role of luck when making predictions or analyzing the performance of a team or individual.
What Factors Contribute to Luck in Sports?
Luck undeniably plays a role in sports outcomes. It can be hard to quantify, but luck can help determine the difference between winning and losing. Factors such as randomness, timing, and health of players all contribute to luck in sports.
Randomness is a major factor in luck. This is especially true in sports that involve multiple players, such as football or basketball. For example, if a basketball team is down two points with five seconds left, the players may rely on luck to get a lucky shot off and win the game. If the shot is off or blocked, the team will likely lose. It is impossible to predict the outcome of a single play, which is why luck can be such a big factor in sports outcomes.
Timing also plays a role in luck. In sports such as baseball or golf, timing can determine whether a player hits the ball or misses it. For example, a baseball player may hit a ball with great power, but if it is slightly off the sweet spot, it may not go as far as it could have. This can be the difference between a home run and a single. Similarly, a golfer may hit the ball with great accuracy, but if the timing is slightly off, the ball may not travel as far as it should have.
Health of players is also a factor in luck. Sports injuries are very common and can significantly impact a team's performance. For example, a soccer team may be leading 1-0 with ten minutes left in the game and have the perfect lineup of players to hold onto the win. However, if one of the players gets injured, it could drastically change the outcome of the game. This is why it is important for sports teams to take extra precautions to prevent injuries and maximize their chances of success.
Finally, luck can also come down to intangible factors such as confidence, focus, and preparation. For example, a football team may be favored to win a game, but if they lack confidence or are not focused on the task at hand, they may end up losing. Similarly, if a team is not prepared and lacks the right strategy or game plan, they may not be able to seize an opportunity when it arises.
Ultimately, luck plays a role in sports outcomes and can be the difference between winning and losing. While luck cannot always be quantified, it is important to recognize that factors such as randomness, timing, health of players, and intangible factors all contribute to luck in sports.
How Can You Increase Your Luck in Sports Betting?
Increasing one's luck in sports betting is an enticing prospect, but one that is not easy to accomplish. Many beginners opt for luck-based strategies, believing that luck-based strategies are more likely to yield better results. However, this is not necessarily true. There are a variety of strategies that can increase one's luck in sports betting, and the most effective strategies combine luck and skill.
One way to increase one's luck in sports betting is to research the sport and the teams involved. For example, if you are betting on a football game, researching the teams' past performance, current players, and even the weather conditions of the area where the game will be played can give you an edge. You can also look at statistical trends to determine which teams tend to win more often than not. This kind of research can help you make more informed decisions when betting and increase your chances of winning.
Another way to increase your luck in sports betting is to set limits for yourself. For instance, if you're betting on a basketball game, you might decide to only bet $20 each time. By limiting your bets, you can avoid overspending and ensure that you stay within your budget. Additionally, it can be helpful to set a maximum amount of money that you are willing to risk on any one bet. This will help to ensure that you are not risking too much and can help you stay disciplined while betting.
Finally, it is important to practice good bankroll management. Bankroll management is the practice of setting aside a certain amount of money for betting and sticking to it. It is important to manage your bankroll correctly because if you overspend, you could end up in debt or worse. By managing your bankroll well, you can ensure that you have enough money to cover your losses and still have enough left over to enjoy your winnings.
In conclusion, increasing one's luck in sports betting is not an easy task. However, by researching the sport and the teams involved, setting limits for yourself, and practicing good bankroll management, you can increase your chances of success. With a bit of luck and the right strategies, you can increase your luck in sports betting and enjoy the rewards of your hard work.
What Are the Different Ways You Can Bet on Sports?
Betting on sports is an activity that has been around for quite some time and continues to be popular among sports fans. Whether you are looking to make a few extra bucks or are an experienced gambler, betting on sports can be an exciting and potentially lucrative way to get involved in the action. There are a variety of ways to bet on sports, ranging from traditional bookmakers to online sportsbooks. For beginners, here are some of the different ways you can bet on sports and the potential earnings you can make if you are successful.
The most common way to bet on sports is through point spreads. This involves predicting the margin of victory for a particular team in a game. For example, if the Dallas Cowboys are playing the New York Giants, the Cowboys may be favored by -3.5 points. This means that if you bet on the Cowboys, they must win by more than 3.5 points in order for you to win your bet. If the Cowboys win by exactly 3.5 points, the bet is considered a push and your money is returned.
Moneyline bets are another popular way to bet on sports. This involves predicting the winner of a game outright, with no point spread involved. Moneyline bets will have different odds for each team, which will reflect their chances of winning the game. For example, if the Dallas Cowboys are playing the New York Giants and the Cowboys have odds of -125, this means that you would need to bet $125 to win $100. If the Giants have odds of +105, this means that a $100 bet would return $105 if the Giants win.
In addition to point spreads and moneyline bets, there are also totals bets. This involves betting on the total number of points that will be scored in a game. For example, if the over/under for a particular game is set at 45 points, you can bet on whether the combined score of both teams will be over or under 45 points. If you bet on the over and the total number of points scored is higher than 45, you will win your bet.
Finally, there are parlay bets, which involve betting on multiple games at once. This type of bet can be especially profitable, as each game you bet on must win for you to be successful. If you bet on three games with odds of +110, +150, and +200, and all three games win, your total payout would be $825 on a $100 bet.
As you can see, there are several different ways you can bet on sports, each with their own level of risk and reward. It's important to understand the different betting options available and the risks associated with each one before you get started. With the right approach and knowledge, betting on sports can be an exciting way to take part in the action.
How Does Luck Impact Professional Sports Teams?
Luck can play an undeniable role in the outcomes of professional sports teams, whether it be in the form of an unexpected win or a devastating loss. For example, in 2017 the Los Angeles Dodgers had a regular season record of 104-58, easily the best in Major League Baseball that year. Despite their stellar performance, the Dodgers were eliminated in the World Series after a game seven loss to the Houston Astros. While the Los Angeles team had a better overall record, the outcome of the series can be attributed to luck in the form of a few key plays and a few lucky breaks for the Astros.
Luck can manifest in a variety of ways in sports. In professional basketball, for example, an unexpected buzzer-beater to win the game or a last-second, game-winning shot can be the result of luck. In football, an unexpected fumble, an interception, or a blocked field goal attempt can all be attributed to luck. Even the weather, which can drastically impact the outcome of a game, can be considered a form of luck.
In addition to luck playing a role in sports outcomes, it can also have an impact on the financial success of a sports team. For example, if a team is lucky enough to have a standout player, such as LeBron James, who is known for his ability to attract fans and generate revenue, the team can reap the financial benefits of having that player on their roster. In 2018, the Los Angeles Lakers signed James to a four-year, $153 million USD contract, a move that was expected to increase the team's ticket sales and merchandise revenue.
On the other hand, a team can be unlucky in terms of their finances due to factors such as an expensive player who doesn't perform, significant injuries, or a dispute with a player. In 2017, the Brooklyn Nets had the fourth highest payroll in the NBA at $103.9 million USD, yet they only had a record of 20-62. This can be attributed to poor luck, as the team was unable to get full performance from their high-priced players due to injuries and other factors.
Overall, luck can play an important role in the outcomes of professional sports teams, both on the court and in the financial realm. While there are a variety of factors that contribute to a team's success, luck can often be the deciding factor between a win or a loss.
What Are Some Examples of Luck in Sports?
Luck is an inevitable factor in sports. It can be the difference between winning and losing, as it is often impossible to know how a game will play out ahead of time. From the luck of the draw to the luck of a favorable bounce, luck can be a small, but significant factor in whether an athlete or team achieves success. Here are some examples of luck in sports and how it can influence the outcome of a game.
One example of luck in sports is the luck of the draw. This is the luck of being assigned a favorable matchup in a tournament or playoff. For instance, if a team is assigned a weaker opponent in the first round of a tournament, they have the "luck of the draw" to thank for their favorable matchup. This can increase the team's chances of advancing in the tournament, as they are more likely to win against a weaker opponent.
Another example of luck in sports is the luck of the bounce. This is the luck of having a favorable bounce at a crucial moment of a game. For instance, if a basketball player takes a shot and it bounces off the rim several times before finally dropping into the hoop, they have the "luck of the bounce" to thank for their good fortune. This luck can be the difference between winning and losing in a close game.
A third example of luck in sports is the luck of the weather. This is the luck of having favorable weather conditions for an outdoor game. For instance, if a baseball team is playing in a stadium with a retractable roof, the team has the "luck of the weather" to thank for the fact that the roof is open. This can give the team an advantage over the opposing team, as they are better able to take advantage of the sunshine and warm temperatures.
Finally, a fourth example of luck in sports is the luck of the draw in television ratings. This is the luck of having a game that attracts a large audience on television. For instance, if a football team's game is broadcast on a major network, they have the "luck of the draw" in television ratings to thank for the fact that millions of people will be watching. This can translate into millions of dollars in advertising revenue and sponsorship deals for the team.
While luck can be a factor in sports, it is important to remember that hard work, skill, and determination are ultimately what determine the outcome of a game. Luck can give athletes and teams a small advantage, but it is ultimately up to the athletes and teams to make the most of their opportunities.
What Are the Benefits of Luck in Sports Betting?
Sports betting is a form of gambling that has been around for centuries and is enjoyed by millions of people around the world. Many people believe that luck plays an important role in the outcome of sporting events and that luck can be a great benefit to those who bet on sports. In fact, there are a number of benefits that luck can offer to those who are involved in sports betting.
For starters, luck can be a great aid when it comes to making predictions on the outcomes of sporting events. For example, if a sports enthusiast has a hunch that a particular team will win a match, their luck may play a role in the accuracy of their prediction. Luck can also be a great asset when it comes to selecting the best odds for a particular bet. For instance, if a bettor has a feeling that a certain team is going to win a game, they may look for the best odds on that team to win, which could lead to a greater potential payout than if they had chosen to make a more conservative bet.
Luck can also be a great benefit when it comes to wagering on sports. Having a bit of luck on one's side can make the process of choosing a bet much easier. This is because luck can help to narrow down the options and provide the bettor with a better opportunity to win their bet. For instance, if a bettor has a hunch that a certain team is going to win a match, they may have a better chance of winning their bet if they take the best odds they can find, rather than making a more conservative bet.
Luck can also be beneficial when it comes to budgeting. For instance, when betting on sports, bettors can use their luck to help them to stay within their budget. This can be done by choosing a bet that has the best potential returns at the lowest risk. This way, the bettor can ensure that their bets are within their budget and that they are not risking too much in order to win their bet. For example, if a bettor wanted to bet $50 on a game and the odds were 1/2, they could use their luck to choose a bet that had a higher potential return, such as a bet with odds of 2/1, which could potentially yield a $100 return if the bet is won.
Overall, luck can be a great benefit to those who are involved in sports betting. Luck can help to make predictions on the outcomes of sporting events, help bettors to select the best odds, and provide bettors with a better opportunity to stay within their budget. With a little bit of luck, bettors can increase their chances of winning their bets and potentially earn a higher return on their investments.
How Can You Minimize the Impact of Luck on Your Sports Betting?
When it comes to sports betting, luck can often make or break your success. While it is impossible to completely eliminate the role of luck in sports outcomes, there are some strategies you can use to minimize its impact and increase your chances of making a profit. For beginners, it is important to understand the key principles of sports betting, such as the odds and the different types of wagers.
The first step to minimizing the effect of luck on your sports betting is to determine what betting options give you the best chance of winning. Odds are the probability of a certain outcome occurring, so the lower the odds, the higher the chances of that outcome occurring. When betting, it is important to pick the option with the lowest odds, as this is the most likely to win. For example, if the odds of a team winning a game are -110, that means the bettor would need to wager $110 to win $100. However, if the odds are +110, then the bettor would win $110 if they bet $100.
Another way to minimize the impact of luck on your sports betting is to use money management techniques. Money management is the practice of setting limits on how much you are willing to bet on a particular game. This helps to reduce the amount of money lost when luck does not go your way. Additionally, it is important to spread your bets across different games, as this increases your chances of winning and reduces the impact of luck on any single bet.
Finally, one of the best ways to minimize the impact of luck on your sports betting is to use analytics. Analytics involves collecting data on teams and players, analyzing it to identify trends, and using it to make informed decisions when placing bets. This can help you to identify value bets, which are bets with greater potential returns than the odds suggest. For instance, if the odds of a team winning a game are +200, but analytics suggest a higher chance of winning, then this could be considered a value bet.
By understanding the odds, using money management techniques, and utilizing analytics, you can minimize the impact of luck on your sports betting. While luck will always be a factor, using these strategies can help you to increase your chances of making a profit from sports betting.
What Are the Legal Implications of Sports Betting in the USA?
Sports betting can be both a fun pastime and a lucrative business venture. However, the legal implications of sports betting in the USA can be complex and confusing for many. While the federal government has generally prohibited most forms of sports betting, the recent overturning of the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act (PASPA) by the Supreme Court has opened up a number of states to the possibility of legal sports betting.
Under the PASPA, it was illegal to place a bet on a sporting event in most states. This essentially outlawed sports betting in the US with the exception of four states – Nevada, Delaware, Montana, and Oregon – who had already established sports wagering laws before its passage. Since the PASPA was overturned in 2018, several states have enacted laws allowing for legal sports betting.
The legal implications of sports betting in the USA vary from state to state. In some states, sports betting may be regulated by the state government. In other states, sports betting may be regulated by the local gaming commission or by tribal governments. Furthermore, some states may require a license to be obtained before engaging in sports betting activities, while other states may not. Additionally, some states may impose taxes or fees on sports wagering activities, while others may not.
In order to engage in legal sports betting in the USA, it is important to understand the laws and regulations of the state in which you plan to place a bet. For example, in the state of Nevada, all sports betting must be done through a licensed sports book, and bettors must be at least 21 years of age. Additionally, Nevada requires sportsbooks to pay a 6.75% tax on all bets placed. In the state of New Jersey, sports betting is regulated by the Division of Gaming Enforcement and bettors must be 21 years of age or older to place a bet. Additionally, sportsbooks in New Jersey are required to pay an 8.5% tax on all bets placed.
It is also important to understand the legal implications of sports betting in the USA when it comes to online wagering. While online sports betting is legal in certain states, such as New Jersey, other states may prohibit it. Additionally, it is important to note that many online sportsbook sites operating in the US are not regulated by the state and may not be licensed to accept bets from US residents.
While the legal implications of sports betting in the USA can be complicated, understanding the laws of the state in which you plan to place a bet is essential. It is also important to ensure that any online sportsbook site you use is licensed, regulated, and subject to the jurisdiction of the state in which it is operating. By taking the time to research the legal implications of sports betting in the USA, you can ensure you can enjoy the fun and excitement of sports wagering without running afoul of the law.
What Are the Most Popular Sports Betting Strategies?
Sports betting is one of the most popular forms of gambling and has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. With the rise of online sports betting and the growing accessibility of sports betting markets, more and more people are turning to sports betting to try and make money. But with so many different strategies and approaches to sports betting, how do you know which one to use? In this article, we will be looking at the most popular sports betting strategies and examining how luck plays a role in determining the outcome of sports betting.
One of the most popular sports betting strategies is the money line bet. This type of bet is simply a bet on which team or individual will win a game. Money line bets are popular because they are simple to understand and can often yield large payouts if the bettor chooses the right team or individual to bet on. However, money line bets can also be risky since the amount of money a bettor stands to win is based solely on the outcome of the game. As such, there is a great deal of luck involved in money line bets, making them a risky but potentially lucrative strategy.
A second popular sports betting strategy is the point spread bet. Point spread bets involve betting on the margin of victory or defeat between two teams in a given game. This type of bet is popular because it allows bettors to bet on a wider range of outcomes than just the winner or loser of a game. For example, if two teams are playing a game and the spread is set at -7.5 points, a bettor could choose to bet on either team to win by more than 7.5 points (or for one team to win by less than 7.5 points). While the potential payouts for point spread bets can be quite high, there is still a great deal of luck involved since the outcome of a game could easily swing in either direction.
Finally, the last popular sports betting strategy is the over/under bet. With this type of bet, the bettor is betting on whether the total number of points scored in a game will be over or under a certain number. For example, if the over/under line is set at 50.5 points, a bettor could choose to bet on either the over or the under. Over/under bets are popular because they allow bettors to make a quick and easy bet without having to worry about the outcome of the game. However, like other types of sports betting, luck still plays a major role in determining the outcome of an over/under bet.
In conclusion, sports betting can be a risky but potentially lucrative endeavor. While luck plays a role in determining the outcome of sports bets, there are several popular sports betting strategies that bettors can use to increase their chances of success. Money line bets, point spread bets, and over/under bets are all popular betting strategies that can help bettors make informed decisions when placing their bets. Regardless of the strategy used, however, luck will always play an important role in determining the outcomes of sports bets.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the different types of luck that affect sports outcomes?
The types of luck that affect sports outcomes can be divided into two categories: external luck, which refers to factors outside of the players' control such as the weather, the playing field, or referee decisions; and internal luck, which is luck that is within the players' control such as their training and experience. Both types of luck can have a powerful influence on the outcome of a game or match.
How does luck affect professional sports?
Luck can have a significant impact on professional sports, often playing a role in the outcome of a game. For example, luck can determine the outcome of a play when the ball bounces off a player in an unexpected way, or when the weather conditions unexpectedly change. Ultimately, luck can be a great equalizer in professional sports, allowing teams with less skill or resources to come out on top.
How can you increase your luck in sports betting?
To increase your luck in sports betting, it is important to do your research and understand the teams and players you are betting on. Additionally, it is important to set a budget and stick to it, and to only place bets that you believe will have a good outcome. Lastly, it is important to remember to manage your emotions and not get too caught up in the excitement of a big win or the disappointment of a loss.
What are the different ways you can bet on sports?
There are several different ways to bet on sports. One of the most common ways is to place a traditional wager on the outcome of the game or match, such as betting on the winner or the final score. Other options include prop bets, which are wagers on specific outcomes within the game, such as the first team to score, or live betting, which lets you place bets while the game is in progress. Finally, you can also bet on futures, where you bet on the long-term outcome of a season or tournament.
What are some examples of luck in sports?
Luck in sports can take on a variety of forms. For example, a team may get lucky and have a referee make a call in their favor, or a player could hit a lucky shot and score a goal. Also, a player could get lucky and draw a favorable matchup against a weaker opponent. Finally, luck can even manifest itself in the weather, such as when a team gets lucky and plays in ideal conditions.
What are the legal implications of sports betting in the USA?
Sports betting is illegal in most states in the USA. In 2018, the Supreme Court overturned a 1992 federal law that prohibited sports betting, allowing individual states to decide whether to legalize sports betting. Currently, only a few states have legalized sports betting, and the regulations vary significantly. Violations of sports betting laws can result in criminal charges, including fines and jail time.
What are the most popular sports betting strategies?
The most popular sports betting strategies involve analyzing data to identify favorable bets, managing bankrolls to maximize profits, using the Kelly Criterion to determine optimal bet sizes, and taking advantage of arbitrage opportunities. Other strategies include using betting systems, shopping for the best lines, and tracking trends and line movements. | eng | aeacb67b-1c1a-4264-87f4-0cdc75b265ba | https://usbettingoffers.com/guides/analyzing-the-role-of-luck-in-sports-outcomes/ |
Are you sure?
This bookmark will be removed from all folders and any saved notes will be permanently removed.
ArticleMarch 1, 1919 Issue
When Pilate surrendered Jesus to the Pharisees he voiced...
The Christian Science Monitor
When Pilate surrendered Jesus to the Pharisees he voiced an admonition for all time: "Behold the man!" Pilate was a pagan and the Pharisees had a theology that was as lifeless as dust, yet the Pharisees are often condemned by Christians for failing to see the truth about man that Christ Jesus demonstrated for the benefit of the world.
The Christ is as present and apparent to-day as the Christ has ever been, or ever will be. But do avowed Christians now behold the man of God and prove their appreciation in the way Jesus directed, by repeating his works? Teaching that logically and demonstrably coincides with that of Jesus the Christ is rejected by the schools. Healing that imitates that of the Master and approximates his results is denounced by physicians and sometimes declared unlawful by judges and legislators. Theology that produces such results of physical and moral regeneration as Jesus acknowledged and emphasized is opposed by the churches. Much of current thought is so engrossed with materialistic concepts that it rejects the Savior, intentionally, or not, as the case may be. It does not realize either the opportunity or the capacity to see or appreciate the Christ. Christian Science teaches consistently the infinitude of God and shows the need for as clear recognition now, as ever, of His manifestation, man. This need finds forceful expression in the words, "Behold the man!"
On the basis of the Christian teaching of God and man as Father and son, a right estimate of man is inseparable from a true conception of God, and vice versa. Jesus stated the fact, as follows: "No man knoweth the Son, but the Father; neither knoweth any man the Father, save the Son, and he to whomsoever the Son will reveal him." In exact agreement with this is the Christian Science teaching that God is Principle and man is His expression or idea; consequently, failure to see the expression, man, results in failure to apprehend Principle, God.
Enjoy 1 free Sentinel article or audio program each month, including content from 1898 to today. | eng | f339012f-0d4a-4256-956c-79f28b12494f | https://sentinel.christianscience.com/issues/1919/3/21-26/when-pilate-surrendered-jesus-to-the-pharisees-he-voiced |
Screening Information
Page Navigation
Developmental Screening
.Screenings are available from late August through December.
Children grow and change at a rapid pace. Find out how your child is developing! Rockwood Early Childhood uses the Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning (DIAL-4) to assess across domains: motor, concepts, and language. The screening takes approximately 60-90 minutes and will include a vision/hearing assessment by a registered nurse.
This screening is appropriate for ages three (3) years to Pre-Kindergarten. Kindergarten-eligible students (age 5 by July 31 of that year) will have the option for screening once enrolled in January. | eng | 6b32a6f9-9fe8-474b-b030-ef7589e41323 | https://www.rsdmo.org/Page/4602 |
New Zealand
Trials in New Zealand suggest that calves emit 20 percent fewer methane emissions after receiving probiotics, according to Shalome Bassett, a scientist at Fonterra Research and Development Centre. Since the trial, New Zealand said it would cut biogenic methane emissions by 10% on 2017 levels by 2030 and up to 47% by 2050.
Cows in New Zealand are fed Kowbucha, a probiotic that reduces burps, or methane emissions. Scientists at Fonterra have been undergoing trials on cows since 2021 to determine if the Kowbucha reduces methane emissions.
"Probiotics are great because they're a really natural solution," Bassett told Reuters. "Whatever we do, it has to be something that's easy for the farmer to use, has to be cost-effective, and we have to ensure that it's good for the cow and doesn't have any effect on the milk."
In 2025, New Zealand will become the first country to charge for agricultural emissions, including cow and sheep burping. As of now, agricultural emissions account for over half of the country's emissions.
Fonterra hopes to have Kowbucha in stores by 2024 before prices are put on emissions.
Biodiverse living spaces can have a positive affect on your child's health
This is the Iowa Environmental Focus.
A new study by the USDA Forest Service found that children who lived in areas with more plant biomass or more biodiversity were less likely to develop asthma. Plant biomass refers to the total percentage of plant life, where plant biodiversity refers to the different types of plant life in an area. The Forest Service collaborated with Massey University in New Zealand to track 50,000 children's health condition using the country's comprehensive data base that compiles health information data from most New Zealand citizens.
The study concluded that areas with more plant biomass lessened the risk of developing asthma by six percent while areas with more plant biodiversity reduced the risk of developing asthma by seven percent. In 2015, one in twelve Iowans suffered from asthma. The Forest Service study demonstrates the value of a green environment to our health.
However, 78 feet might not be the of the actual peak size of the wave. The buoys used to measure the wave do not record measurements constantly, so the wave could have reached an even higher maximum height than recorded.
The previous record for the largest wave in the Southern Hemisphere happened in 2012 and occurred near Tasmania, at height of 72 feet. The largest wave ever recorded was in 1995, and was measured at 84 feet in the Atlantic Ocean. | eng | 570a51b2-4ecb-40fb-8da9-410b666b7a91 | https://iowaenvironmentalfocus.org/tag/new-zealand/ |
Jgsf1987 Cookie Consent
Friday, May 28, 2021
January 6 was the worst attack on our system of government since the Civil War, and we need to look into how it was allowed to happen. The Republicans' refusal to create a commission to look into the matter is a dereliction of duty on their end. The insurrection of that day had allowed a violent movement to become a bigger threat than it should have been. If you're living in a state that is represented by 1 or 2 Republicans in the Senate, contact them asap and threaten to forcibly retire them if they don't vote to pass the bill to create the commission charged with figuring out what the heck went wrong on 01/06/2021 with regards to Capitol securityFriday, May 21, 2021
It shouldn't be lost on anyone that Donald Trump us still pulling the strings behind the Republican Party's descent into fascism. This is why Republicans in Congress are fighting tooth and nail to ensure that no commission is set up for investigating the 01/06/2021 attack on the Capitol. Having the commission up and running means that some of them are likely going to be implicated in the attack's prior planning. It'll also illustrate that some figures in the Republicans' congressional leadership had also been in communication with then outgoing Trump about effectively executing the uprising.
Seeing both Kevin McCarthy and Mitch McConnell squirm at the bill's passage in the House of Representatives indicates that they likely know something in how the attempted coup was allowed to happen in the first place. So be sure to watch this pair and their seconds-in-command in the coming days as these 2 are clearly trying to cover up any potential involvement of both themselves and anyone else in their respective conferences. They're also the gateway to Trump himself (who's doing everything he can think of to keep himself out of prison), who's leading the base to force those Republicans in power to be part of his cover up effort.
Don't think that Trump isn't aware of his deteriorating legal situation, or the fact that he's likely going to be in prison, because he definitely is. If a commission is set up by Congress to investigate the uprising of 01/06, it might illustrate his level of involvement in addition to the congressional Republicans' leadership's knowledge of the event's commencement and when they knew about it.
Thursday, May 13, 2021
This recent violence between Israel and the Palestinian paramilitary organization Hamas is very worrying. It's as if Benjamin Netanyahu and his extremist allies have found a new justification to eradicate the Palestinian people in their entirety. Before we get to that though, let's clear something up: Israel, like all nations, does have the right to defend itself against would-be aggressors. However, under Netanyahu's leadership, Israel's response has once again become overkill.
The goal looks to be collective punishment of the Palestinians for standing up to several illegal Israeli settler landgrabs in the 4-5 months prior to the recent outbreak in violence. Instead of blocking action on Israel's overreaction, America should put its foot down and tell it to end its landgrabs for good. This is what's fueling it, and Joe Biden, as America's president, has the clout to do so right now. He (Biden) shouldn't bother listening to AIPAC (which, for the record, is the domestic mouthpiece for Likud in America) with its lectures about how any criticism of Israeli policy is anti-Semitic/anti-Semitism. The 2 are not interrelated, despite what AIPAC says to the contrary. In fact, they're very different from each other.
The Palestinians need a voice at the table, and America would be in a position to facilitate that if it would quit buying into the lie that Israel is the aggrieved victim in this saga when it's very clear that it's the actual aggressor. It's also time for America to quit dragging its proverbial feet in engaging in some tough love on Israel; clearly laying out the law by saying that using the Holocaust to justify genocide and apartheid is wrong. This rings especially true given how modern Israel was born in the wake of the Nazis' nearly successful attempt to exterminate Europe's own Jewish population during WWII. It's not helping Israel's cause in becoming a non-pariah on the world stage.
It's incredibly obvious that the Republican Party doesn't know what it's doing post-Trump, or where it's headed. The fact that the party is lashing out at its own elected officials is enough to demonstrate this point. That's especially true in Liz Cheney's case when House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy pushed her out of her leadership position as Conference chair.
Cheney has been doing America a real service by not going along with the Republican lie that Joe Biden stole the election from Donald Trump last year. However, we can't lose sight of the fact that her father, ex-Vice President Dick Cheney, had a hand in creating the conditions that allowed his (Trump's) presidency to happen in the first place.
By sidelining the "reasonable" voices in their ranks, the Republicans are alienating moderate voters whose votes they'll need if they want to regain congressional control (full or partial) in next year's midterm election. And at the rate they're going racing towards MAGA-world, that's unlikely to happen. Centrist voters understand what MAGA is now, and they want none of it.
Wednesday, May 5, 2021
Neo-McCarthyism is still a problem in this day and age, especially when we start calling those who disagree with us Russian puppets. Look, America was founded on the principle that we don't all have to agree on everything, and that our political discourse is the contest of ideas and their effective implementation. But in all honesty though, we need to not be calling each other Russian puppets and bots. And I still think in this day and age that it's incredibly dangerous to be bashing Russia for political advantage. Doing this plays to the narrators who say that Russia is the cause of our problems and that it should be wiped off the face of the map; that it's the very existential threat to our way of life.
First off, that premise is so laughably false on its own merits. Here's how: Russia doesn't have anything to gain from antagonizing us, or our allies; nor does it have anything to gain from breaking America up. The Russians are not stupid, they understand full well that the breakup of America would bring a level of chaos that is substantially bigger than what their nation went through following the Soviet Union's breakup in 1991.
Secondly, what do the Russians have to gain by trying to remake our country in their image? Nothing, other than making the point that if we don't want them interfering in our domestic politics, don't do so in theirs. If you think about it, it has credence. They understand full well that trying to remake us in their own image won't get them anywhere as they've tried doing it without any success. To russify us is an exercise in futility, just like it is for us with americanizing them.
Finally, the Russians understand that atagonizing us is a dangerous game for them to play. They know full well what we'll do in retaliation and that we can pull off a retaliatory strike much faster than they can. The Russians are aware of the fact that not only will we hit back faster and harder, we'll also go the extra step of forcibly pacifiying them by remaking them in our image. How do they know this? Our doing so with Japan at the conclusion of WWII. When we did this with the Japanese, we went the extra step of creating a constitution that prohibits them waging war unless it's done in self-defense. For the Russians this would be the ultimate catastrophy as they'll have to deal with the humiliation of being occupied by a foreign power while they're being rebuilt.
In terms of the neo-McCarthyists, we need to make clear to them that they don't get the only say in how we conduct our relations with the Russians or how we're supposed to view them. If anything, their anti-Russia hysteria will only breed a return of occasionally violent russophobia (fear or hatred of Russians as a people). And yeah, it's happened during the red scares of the early-to-mid 20th Century.
I can tell you from first-hand knowledge from dating a Russian lady, most of them are not mean and/or violent brutes with no manners or morals. Most of them are actually very friendly and willing to help you out when you need it. Can they get aggressive? Sure, but that's only when you spook them or piss them off. If anything, they're loyal to a fault. As for manners, they have them, they're just somewhat different from what we think of them as. For example, and this is no joke, the phrase "Feed me" to Russians is a polite request. Honesty is generally not an issue as they're people who will tell it as it is. Like us, they consider directness to be a display of honesty. Last of all, no, most Russian girls and women are not sex kittens! Russians for the most part stick to the traditional view that sex out of wedlock is immoral and reflects poorly on the family as a whole.
I can keep going on with that mini-side lecture, but the point is that they're not like they're made out to be. The next time you hear someone spouting off russophobic comments, take that as a sign that they don't know anyone who's Russian or that they've never been around Russians.
Tuesday, May 4, 2021
I know that I wrote a piece a few years ago about how Christopher Steele having lied about Russia's involvement in the 2016 presidential election; about it working on Donald Trump's behalf. I need to come clean and say that I was wrong, dead wrong. Steele was by no means a puppet for the Ukrainians, or for that matter the Clinton 2016 campaign, to tar both Trump and Russia in a neo-McCarthyist manner. When the intel community used his dossier and kept coming to him for additional information, it meant they considered him a credible source for Russia's activities. It turned out that Robert Mueller's investigation was able to use the information Steele provided to convict several figures in Trump's orbit and disprove the Trump Administration's lies about the Trump 2016 campaign's involvement.
Russia did apparently have some sex videos that it could use to blackmail Trump, but not even those would have mustered a yawn. People would be disgusted to see them, but not thoroughly outraged. Sex scandals have been common in our electoral politics since the 1990s, which means they largely don't pass the smell test for qualifying as a scandal at this point; that is unless there's some other egregious factor involved. I think what does get lost in all of this though is that, while certainly compromised, Trump still had more leverage on the Russians to blackmail them with. Don't forget, he was 1 of the Russian elites' primary vehicles into the U.S. economy starting in the 1980s. What also gets lost in the noise, which I bought into, is the extent to which Bill Barr had been less than forthcoming about Trump's involvement.
Barr's complete disregard for proper procedure and truth gave Trump a sense of impunity. By falsely declaring that Trump was cleared of any Obstruction of Justice charges and then going to great lengths to hide the fact that it was a lie fed into Trump's false narrative that he was innocent the entire time. A federal judge for the D.C. district court ruled earlier today that the Justice Department had to publicly release a memorandum with Barr's false evidence. Whether that happens or not isn't the question to be asking, the question we should be asking ourselves is what did Barr have to gain in keeping that memo hidden; and moreover, what his intent was, too. Should there be a criminal element to this, he needs to be held accountable.
Barr's actions also played right into the contents of Steele's dossier; just like Trump's. Steele warned us that something was amiss with Trump 2016, and many on the left and right (including the author of this blog) ignored it. And to all my readers, I can't apologize enough for that. From now on, I'll try to be more judicious in verifying sources before spouting off like I did back during Trump's term in office.
Wednesday, April 28, 2021
Joe Biden's 100th day in office will be on April 30, and it's good to see the progress we've made thus far. 200 million shots of the COVID19 vaccines in American arms is good, but we need to make sure that Americans are getting fully vaccinated as quickly as possible. Biden is right to be pushing for a more ambitious program of big government spending that is sorely needed. Americans who aren't wealthy are getting badly squeezed financially and they need relief. Child care, preschool, college tuition, etc. Pretty much any big expense you can think of is eligible for the previous short list of goods and/or services that most Americans eithr can't easily, or at all, afford. Biden is right that it's well past time for Corporate America and the wealthiest Americans to start paying their fair share of taxes, especially when many have paid nothing due to various loopholes in the tax codes. Tax cheating is keeping our country from functioning at all, and it needs to quit.
Another relief to hear from Biden is that he plans to wind down the war in Afghanistan so that we can start bringing our troops home from Afghanistan by the 20th anniversary of the 9/11 attacks. At least that's his goal. Just to be clear, it's going to take some careful calculations by high command to pull this off; and we all know how risk-adverse they are. Don't get me wrong, it's not a bad thing; it's just how they're trained to think. Minimize risk as much as possible so that it doesn't give the enemy an advantage, and at the same time, cover our own asses in case something goes sideways. Here's the thing about the top military brass, many of them are among the smartest people we'll hear about. That being said, it's good to know that the troops are finally going to start coming home.
The fact is that we've gotten quite a bit done under Biden's leadership so far. Much more so than during Barack Obama's first 100 days in office. It's not that Obama did nothing, he did quite a bit, but other than dealing with the banks and auto companies, his list of accomplishments was not as big. I will admit this right now, I was wrong about Biden's not being able to get anything done. I was wrong to underestimate him, he's been a lot more effective at getting progressive policies through than the previous 2 (Obama and Bill Clinton) put together.
Tuesday, April 27, 2021
I have to say, it's a relief to know that I can finally come out of "quarantine" as it's been 2 weeks since my final shot of the COVID19 vaccine. I can't complain though, as I had no horrible side effects, just some chills, sleepiness and a sore arm, but that's it. But that's not solely why I'm relieved, as the other reason is that I can let myself go out in public without anymore mental barriers of being scared of getting the virus itself. For the past year I've been mostly walling myself up at home to avoid contraction of COVID19. Probably the most irritating part of the pandemic was not being able to spend any real quality time with my lady. Now that both of us are vaccinated we can finally start doing this again.
It'll also be a relief to finally start doing my own laundry again. I got to tell you, going 2-3 weeks without doing laundry sucks. Think about it, how can you go anywhere when you don't have clean shirts or pants? You can't. Like I said before, this is a massive relief.
Even though I'm vaxxed, I'm still going to wear a mask in indoor public settings. No it's not because it's a legal requirement, it's just commonsense given the rate of how quickly the virus spreads indoors; especially when it's crowded. I'm not taking chances with my health.
Friday, April 23, 2021
It's obvious that Vladimir Putin's Russia has been throwing a self-destructing tantrum ever since Joe Biden became president. If Putin thinks invading American airspace to harass fishing boats is his ticket to success, he's delusional. If anything, he's going to provoke a JFK-like response from Biden, which would further complicate an already deteriorating relationship between America and Russia. Don't be surprised or shocked in the slightest should war threats come eminating from Washington to Moscow if Putin decides to escalate matters even further (which he will). These types of threats are not to be taken lightly as we're talking about a war between the nations with largest nuclear weapons stockpiles.
Unless Putin really wants an exchange of nuclear launches, he should quit these provocative escalations before innocent people get killed. Lobbing 1 at the Kremlin's men's room is the last thing we need. America is going to respond, it's a matter of when, not if, and how. We'll have to keep a close eye on this situation as it continues unfolding. | eng | 791d289e-3565-4994-b644-15fa051409dd | https://www.jgsf1987.com/search?updated-max=2021-07-06T01:47:00-07:00&max-results=10 |
What nationality is the lead character of My Left Foot, Christy Brown?
Question 8 of 10
During the Cuban Missile Crisis, who was Soviet Premier?
Advertisement
Question 9 of 10
Which of these countries of Oceania is the biggest geographically?
Question 10 of 10
What were women allowed to do in the UK for the first time in January 1958General Knowledge Quiz
Did you score a perfect 10?
Average Score: 9
99% knows the answer to this question:
"36+28+20 equals what number?
"
Play this Quiz and Earn our Thumbs Up!
Let us know your score below
Average Score: 7
100% knows the answer to this question:
"Who portrayed Dr. Frederick Frankenstein in the 1974 film 'Young Frankenstein'?
"
Quiz with a sudden mixed ending.
No one reaches the end!
Average Score: 0
0% knows the answer to this question:
"Which of these is a type of wetland?
"
Can you beat a 6 out of 10
10 Unbeatable Questions
Average Score: 8
97% knows the answer to this question:
"Pythagoras was a philosopher from which country | eng | cd68531e-4dbb-4e34-9985-1baa72ecca84 | https://weqyoua.com/quizzes/111684-Unbeatable_Knowledge_Quiz |
Our Solutions
Welcome to the realm of web development, where we craft digital destinations and elevate your online presence. Our team of web artisans excels in the fusion of art and technology, creating websites that not only look stunning but perform seamlessly, offering captivating digital journeys. Why Web Development is Essential for Your Business
Web development is an intricate dance between aesthetics and functionality. It's not just about the way your website looks; it's about how it performs and engages your audience. You might wonder, why is web development essential for your business?
The answer is clear: A professionally designed website is your digital calling card, a place where your brand personality shines, and a platform that establishes trust and credibility among your target audience.
In today's fiercely competitive landscape, a captivating website acts as a powerful magnet for potential clients, propelling business growth and success. By investing in our web development services, you position yourself to not only attract but also retain a loyal clientele. | eng | 2b581e90-5e80-471d-9732-d458b956882a | https://innovate.com.pk/service/web-development/ |
5 Surprising Reasons to Go to Occupational Therapy
Brushing your teeth, getting dressed, using a spoon to eat — these are just a few of the many tasks that you complete each day that require the use of your hand and upper extremities. For many people, these tasks pose no challenges. For others, these activities can be a large source of pain, discomfort, and frustration.
Occupational therapy is a profession that specializes in conditions of the upper extremity, from hand to shoulder, in both non-operative and operative cases. Occupational therapy (OT) is centered around enabling individuals to complete the tasks they want and need to do each day while preventing injury, disease or disability from affecting their daily routine, interests, and lifestyle goals. Occupational therapy approaches rehabilitation with a holistic approach based on scientific research but is also approached with a creative lens to incorporate meaningful activities into treatment.
Similar to reasons you didn't know you could go to physical therapy for, there are reasons you might benefit from OT that you might not be aware of. While physical injuries and disabilities are the most well-known reasons to go to occupational therapy — especially if they impact how you take care of yourself, complete household tasks, or do your job successfully — OT can be helpful for a wide range of conditions.
1. Chronic Pain
Persistent, long-term pain is common among people with chronic conditions, disabilities, and/or those who have sustained serious injuries. Chronic pain can make it difficult to complete everyday tasks, which can lead to decreased independence, difficulty sleeping, depression, and an overall reduction in quality of life.
Occupational therapy can support people with chronic pain by identifying activity-specific goals and working with them to determine strategies to increase participation in their valued activities. For example, an occupational therapist can educate those with chronic pain on techniques to reduce strain throughout the hand and upper extremity through improved body mechanics, proactive problem-solving, and/or activity adaptations.
2. Neurological Conditions
People with health conditions that affect the nervous system can benefit from occupational therapy. This includes conditions such as stroke, spinal cord injuries, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis and more. Neurological conditions can affect a person's function as they can lead to reduced strength, decreased coordination, tremors, and impaired sensory perception.
An occupational therapist can support those with neurological conditions increase their participation and independence in daily activities through several techniques including:
Functional retraining
Strengthening exercises
Adaptive equipment
Splinting to support function
3. Repetitive Use Disorders
People that engage in frequent, repetitive, and/or strenuous use of the upper extremity can be at a heightened risk for repetitive use disorders including different forms of tendinitis such as de Quervain's tenosynovitis, lateral epicondylitis/tennis elbow, medial epicondylitis/golfer's elbow as well as nerve compression injuries such as carpal tunnel syndrome, cubital tunnel syndrome, radial tunnel syndrome and more.
You may be surprised that not only athletes are at risk for sustaining repetitive use disorders. Manual laborers, new mothers, people who work on computers, and those who work with their hands frequently all have a higher risk for sustaining a repetitive use disorder.
In order to reduce symptoms related to repetitive use disorders, an occupational therapist may instruct you in strategies and provide you with exercises to address:
Body mechanics
Activity modifications
Ergonomic factors contributing to pain
Improved nerve excursion
Decreased mobility
Pain management
4. Age-Related Challenges
Getting older is a natural part of life, and there are health challenges that come with it. Fortunately, people who experience difficulties in their everyday lives can benefit from the support of occupational therapy.
Many individuals experience progressive changes in their bodies as they age, such as osteoarthritis (the most common type of arthritis), which can pose a variety of problems, including:
Pain in the wrists, thumbs, and/or fingers
Decreased range of motion
Weakness
Decreased coordination
Occupational therapists are skilled in supporting people with arthritis increase functional participation in activities that they want or need to do throughout the day. They will work on pain through several methods including:
Joint protection
Splinting to support and/or protect the joints
Exercises to support the joints and improve range of motion
Adaptive equipment
Activity modification
5. Custom Splint/Orthosis Fabrication
Oftentimes the use of a splint or orthosis may be required to protect, immobilize, or support functional use of the hand and upper extremity secondary to injury, illness, or disease. Occupational therapists are specialized in the custom fabrication of splints/orthoses in treating upper extremity conditions to support your recovery.
Occupational Therapy Meets Your Physical Needs
Occupational therapy helps support you in many aspects of life. If you're finding it difficult to complete daily tasks, OT may be able to offer you ways to adapt and go about your day safely and more productively.
Your daily routine is crucial to your independence and overall quality of life. With the support of an occupational therapist, they can help you learn adaptive ways to complete the tasks you need — and want — to do each day.
I believe in creating collaborative relationships with patients to facilitate a return to meaningful activities that may be impacted by injury or illness. I enjoy exploring creative solutions and creating personalized treatments tailored to the wants and needs of individuals served | eng | ffd1d3e5-f21c-47f2-a2c8-3a46188a6946 | https://www.dulyhealthandcare.com/health-topic/5-surprising-reasons-to-go-to-occupational-therapy |
A major football tournament played between English football clubs.
Summary
Short summary describing this concept.
The FA Cup:
The Cup
Football Association Challenge Cup , also known as FA Cup, is the world's most traditionally enriched cup and is held in England.
The FA Cup was first played in 1871-72 and the tournament was named after the English Football Association, FA. In contrast to the League Cup, the FA Cup is often referred to as 'the real' Cup Challenge. Manchester United holds the record of winning 11 times, while Arsenal F.C. has won 10 times.
The tournament was canceled twice, due to World War 1 in 1916-1919, and World War 2 in 1940-1945, but is still going strong. | eng | bff65d10-fde6-4566-a17d-3b2bf194d47b | https://www.giantbomb.com/fa-cup/3015-6046/ |
contribution of the animal environments to the worsening of the global antimicrobial resistance framework is related to the use of antimicrobials in subtherapeutic doses and, for long periods, establishing ideal conditions for the circulation of resistance genes, which can be transmitted to pathogens adapted to the human microbiota. The study of the animal environment as conducive to the acceleration of resistance evolution is an emerging and critical area for understanding the development and dissemination of resistance genes among the circulating bacteria. The connection between people, animals, and the environment allows us to consider antimicrobial resistance in an approach within the "One Health" concept, which provides a global strategy for expanding collaboration and interdisciplinary communication. This chapter will highlight the emergence of colistin resistance, a great challenge in antimicrobial resistance field. Also, it will focus on some agents included in the priority list of superbugs of the World Health Organization (WHO) or correlated species already identified in veterinary medicine, such as the critical superbugs; priority level 1, Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and ESBL-producing Carbapenemic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae; and the high-priority, level 2, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Cláudio Marcos Rocha-de-Souza
Dayanne Araújo de Melo
Microbiology and Immunology Department, Institute of Veterinary, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Cássia Couto da Motta
Microbiology and Immunology Department, Institute of Veterinary, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Ramon Loureiro Pimenta
Veterinary School, University of Vassouras, Brazil
Irene da Silva Coelho
Microbiology and Immunology Department, Institute of Veterinary, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Shana de Mattos de Oliveira Coelho
Microbiology and Immunology Department, Institute of Veterinary, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
*Address all correspondence to: milianemss@gmail.com
1. Introduction
Global antimicrobial resistance indices are the subject of concern once it has been predicted that nearly 10 million annual deaths will be attributable to resistant pathogen infections by 2050 [1, 2]. The World Health Organization (WHO), the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) classified the emergence and the spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria as one of the three major threats to public health in the twenty first century [3].
Importantly, the emergence of resistance is a natural evolutionary response to antimicrobial exposure. Over thousands of years, fungi and bacteria in the natural environment have developed complex mechanisms to prevent their destruction by toxic substances originating from the microbial competition, and these substances have made it possible to synthesize most antibiotics. Therefore, soils should be evaluated as potential reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and should be considered in assessing risk factors that contribute to the global spread of antimicrobial resistance. Moreover, the active collaboration of the human being in the propitiation of this emergency is undeniable due to the increased selection pressure, mainly given by the indiscriminate use of these drugs in human and veterinary medicine [4].
Antimicrobials not only kill sensitive and select resistant bacteria but also influence the mechanisms of genetic variation such as mutation, recombination, transposition, and gene exchange. Such phenomena can be observed from the soil to the intestinal microbiota of humans or animals exposed to antimicrobial underdosing, as the population of commensal microorganisms includes species that are naturally resistant to some antimicrobials. This selective pressure and subsequent imbalance due to the death of sensitive microorganisms allow bacteria with intrinsic or newly acquired resistance to survive and proliferate [5].
Despite this general understanding, the multifactorial origin of the current worldwide antimicrobial resistance scenario makes the picture complex and challenging to intervene. Although studies point to the hospital environment as the main reservoir for the resistance genes of bacteria that colonize and infect humans, the community environment indeed contributes to the establishment of a diverse set of resistance genes [3].
In 2012, Bhullar and colleagues [6] found multiresistant bacteria from an isolated cave microbiome over 4 million years ago in New Mexico, and some of the microorganisms were resistant to up to 14 commercial antibiotics. In another study, the ability of bacteria to use antibiotics as their sole carbon source was detected, making them a significant reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes [7].
In this context, little is known about the contribution of animal production and veterinary hospital care environments in the maintenance of resistance genes and consequent resistance dissemination. The study of the contribution of various animal-related environments in accelerating the evolution of resistance is an emerging and critical area for understanding its development and as a model for the dissemination of resistance genes among the circulating bacteria. The connection between people, animals, and environment allows for the consideration of antimicrobial resistance within the One Health concept.
2. Distinct animal environment and its impact on antimicrobial resistance
2.1 The poultry production environment as a source of emerging colistin resistance
The increase in antibiotic resistance is now a global concern, including in food-producing animals. They can serve as a reservoir of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance determinants that may be transferred to humans [8, 9]. The systematic use of antibiotics in food-producing animals has been increasing the selection pressure for antibiotic-resistant bacteria, especially in Enterobacteriales such as Escherichia coli [10]. Furthermore, the emergence of carbapenem-resistant bacteria worldwide and the increased use of polymyxins as "last-line" antibiotics to treat human infections may have contributed to the spread of its resistance [11, 12]. Due to its low price, colistin has been carried on for decades in the poultry industry, worsening this scenario. It is usually administered to the entire flock and mostly used for metaphylaxis and growth promotion in different countries [13].
The chromosomal polymyxin resistance is most associated with the modification of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) following the addition of 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose to lipid A. Modifications of Ara4N are regulated by two-component systems: PhoP/PhoQ , PmrA/PmrB, and MgrB regulator. Mutations in genes involved in the production of these systems may result in lower antibiotic fixation [14]. However, in 2015, a Chinese research group reported the emergence of a transferable plasmid-mediated resistance gene (mcr-1) from human, porcine, and poultry samples, shifting colistin resistance from a contained problem to a global issue [15]. After identification of mcr-1, full scientific attention led to the recognition of multiple mcr-1 variants [16, 17, 18] and eight additional mcr genes. Subsequently, the mcr-2 plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene was detected from poultry, porcine, and bovine E. coli in Belgium [19]. A third mobile colistin resistance gene, mcr-3, has been reported in E. coli, Aeromonas spp., and Salmonella spp. isolates from human and animal samples in Asia and Europe [20]. The mcr-4 was detected in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and E. coli isolates from animal sources in Italy, Spain, and Belgium [21]. The mcr-5 was detected in poultry and poultry meat isolates of S. enterica serovar Paratyphi from porcine E. coli in Germany [22]. The sixth mobile colistin resistance gene, mcr-6, was detected in Moraxella sp. from porcine in the United Kingdom [23]. The mcr-7 gene was detected in Klebsiella pneumoniae in China [9], the mcr-8 gene in K. pneumoniae from porcine and human in China [24], and finally, the mcr-9 gene from human in the United States of America [25]. Despite all these reports, a retrospective analysis demonstrated that the mcr-1 gene had been circulating since the 1980s with the earliest isolates from poultry [26]. So, the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance had been around for about 35 years without being detected until 2015. The silent colistin resistance dissemination could partly be explained by the fact that China is by far the leading colistin producer and, at the same time, the largest consumer of its production [15].
Nevertheless, colistin is often added to feed at low doses and used as a growth promoter in different countries. This practice may be the leading cause of the high rate of colistin-resistant bacteria carrying the mcr genes isolated from food-producing animals compared with humans and accelerate the dissemination of mcr genes from animals to humans [15, 27]. Furthermore, the mcr genes may have originated from food-producing animals. The mcr-1 gene was associated with ISApl1 insertion sequence element, which was first identified in the porcine pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae [28], and finally, mcr-1-positive strains usually carry floR gene conferring resistance to florfenicol, a drug only used in veterinary medicine [10]. The mcr genes have also been found on diverse plasmid backbones (IncI2, IncHI2, IncX4, and pHNSHP45) with high in vitro transfer rates and often harbored together with other resistance determinants, such as β-lactamases [29]. The prevalence data on colistin resistance vary from different countries and continents. Data from two European AMR monitoring from 2014 to 2016 have reported low colistin resistance rates for broilers and chicken meat in Nordic countries [29]. However, studies have shown moderate prevalence in turkey flocks, chicken and turkey meat in Germany [30] and Switzerland [31], and a high prevalence was found in Portugal [32]. In Asia, the prevalence of colistin resistance in poultry is higher than Europe. Different studies have been reported a remarkable increase in colistin resistance frequency in E. coli from porcine, poultry, and cattle in all geographic areas of China [33, 34].
2.1.2 Data on colistin resistance in Brazil
In 2015, Brazil overtook China as the world's second largest poultry producer. Nowadays, about 150 countries from all continents consume Brazilian broiler meat, according to the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Farming [35]. It is noticeable that scientific and technological advancements have transformed poultry from rural farming to full-fledged industry in the last few decades. However, despite this significant expansion, the Brazilian poultry industry is still highly dependent on antibiotic prescription. Prevalence data on colistin resistance in poultry and broiler are overall scarce in South America, including Brazil, in particular, data regarding the plasmid-mediated resistance to colistin [36, 37, 38]. In 2016, a Brazilian research group developed a retrospective antimicrobial resistance study and screened 4.620 Enterobacteriales strains isolated from human, animal, food, and environmental samples for the presence of the mcr-1 gene. Samples were collected from 2000 to 2016. In this study, mcr-1 gene was detected in 16 E. coli strains from poultry and porcine isolated between 2012 and 2013. This surveillance showed evidence that mcr-1-harboring E. coli has been circulating in food-producing animals in Brazil since 2012 [36]. In 2017, the same research group detected the presence of mcr-1-harboring E. coli strains isolated from commercial chicken meat sold in markets in São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. Most E. coli strains exhibited an MDR phenotype and carried IncX4 plasmids, previously identified in human and animal isolates [38].
Furthermore, between 2015 and 2016, Pimenta [39] also detected a high prevalence of mcr-1-harboring E. coli from broilers and free-range layer hens in several poultry farms in Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. Most E. coli strains carried IncI2, FIB, and B/O plasmids. In November 2016, the MAPA banned the use of colistin as a feed additive for animal growth promotion purposes (regulatory instruction no. 45 [ following the international recommendations of the World Health Organization. Despite this government action, in 2019, our group detected a high prevalence of the mcr-1 gene as the only resistance gene in E. coli strains isolated from broilers in several poultry farms in Rio de Janeiro (unpublished data). Data suggest that poultry is still an important reservoir to colistin resistance gene mcr-1. As poultry meat is an inexpensive source of protein, its impact on transferring resistance cannot be neglected. The overuse of antibiotics will promote the unrestricted expansion and circulation of drug-resistant strains among the human-animal environment. Therefore, continuous surveillance must be of great concern, improving prevalence data in both human and veterinary settings.
2.1.3 Colistin resistance genes in soils
Colistin, also known as polymyxin E, is produced by some strains of , a bacterium commonly found in soils associated with plant roots [40]. In some places around the world, the use of poultry litter is an ordinary measure to improve the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils in agricultural production. However, animal manure, such as poultry litter, a mixture of organic materials including feces, feed, and bedding, is a valuable nutrient-rich soil fertilizer also has been considered an important reservoir of antibiotic residues, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and antibiotic resistance genes [41, 42]. The enhancement of the concentration and diversity of antibiotic resistance determinants in soils treated with this organic fertilizer is of concern, even considering that untreated soil environments harbor a natural source of both antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes [43, 44, 45, 46]. The colistin resistance mcr-1 gene was detected in all soil samples from intensive vegetable production that received poultry litter as organic fertilizer but also in native vegetation areas that comprise a legal reserve at a mountain region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, confirming the previous statement that even natural soil environments act as a reservoir of resistance determinant [47].
2.2 Animal production environmental impact on genetic markers mutations: a study of mecA gene of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dairy system
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) spp. are important human pathogens that are also a concern in veterinary medicine and animal agriculture. Staphylococcus species are present in a wide range of animal species, including dogs, cats, rabbits, horses, cattle, pigs, poultry, and exotic species, both in healthy carriers and as a cause of infection [48, 49, 50]. Besides the broad host range distribution and pathogenicity, its significant antimicrobial resistance levels are of great concern [51]. The high antimicrobial resistance level to beta-lactams favors treatment failures and its persistence in the environment. Bacterial resistance mechanisms to this antimicrobial class include a low-affinity penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) determined by the expression of the mecA gene [52]. The phenotypic methicillin-resistant expression does not depend only on the mecA gene. This expression is under a more complex control and is only beginning to be better understood since it is expressed in a peculiar and heterogeneous way [53]. Because of this phenotypic heterogeneity, detection of the mecA gene is considered the gold standard method for the confirmation of methicillin-resistant isolates by the Clinical Laboratory Institute [54, 55]. However, for samples of animal origin, this proposition is not reliable, since variants of the mec gene impair this detection [56, 50].
2.2.1 The mecC homolog
In 2011, the report of MRSA strains presenting unusual features in bovine milk samples from the United Kingdom led to the discovery of a novel mecA gene named mecALGA251 [57]. This gene presented just 70% similarity at the nucleotide level to the classical mecA gene and could not be detected by routine PCR assays targeting the latter [57]. Shortly after its description, the mecALGA251 was isolated from human clinical infections in the United Kingdom, Denmark, and Ireland [58]. It was renamed as mecC gene and has been reported from 13 European countries and have been isolated from 14 different host species [59]. Recently, Loncaric et al. [60] reported its occurrence in coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) from various wild and domestic animals. The discovery of the mecC gene reinforced the idea of the circulation of gene variants in the animal production environment and the consequent emergence of new methicillin-resistant strains [61]. Until now, the detection of the mecC gene is a challenge, and even though there are several reports of the mecC gene in Staphylococcus species from humans and animals, the puzzling question is that they are all restricted to European countries. In Brazil, the presence of mecALGA251 in the bovine isolates tested negative for mecA was investigated, but all isolates also tested negative for the mecALGA251 [50].
2.2.2 A universal primer design experiment
Previous studies [62, 63] reported several phenotypic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. isolates not correlated with the presence of the mecA gene. Otherwise, Melo et al. [56] reported the discovery of a mecA gene variant from bovine samples containing mutations in the annealing region that does not allow detection of the gene with the already described primers. It was detected that the primer F's annealing site based on the human S. aureus mecA gene specified by Murakami et al. [64] presented punctual nucleotide differences that possibly impaired the annealing and amplification of mecA gene from the bovine strains. A two-set study was conducted to confirm this hypothesis. Firstly, original primers were synthesized based on the nucleotide sequences of the mecA gene of Staphylococcus aureus (HE681097). Those primers failed in amplifying the whole mecA gene segment in bovine strains. Instead, they did it successfully for human and equine Staphylococcus strains. Next, a second-step primer set was based on a sequence of S. sciuri mecA gene (AY820253) and only yielded mecA gene segments for bovine strains. The multiple alignments of mecA gene sequences from bovine, human, and equine origins revealed that bovine ones presented punctual but significant differences leading to the observed impairment of mecA gene detection in bovine strains. This divergence of mecA gene sequences is a specificity of bovine samples, probably due to some selective pressure in the dairy environment [56].
To validate the newly designed primers, a set of 107 strains was tested for the presence of the mecA gene and its bovine variant in Staphylococcus spp. isolates from dairy farms in Brazil and Turkey. Seventeen isolates tested positive for the mecA variant, nine from Turkey, and eight from Brazil [65]. Recently, a universal PCR primer set was developed and validated to ensure adequate detection of the mec genes (classical and variant) [50]. A set of 563 Staphylococcus spp. of different animal origins, from the United States of America, and 248 isolates from Brazil, was tested, and 220 (39.1%) were confirmed as MRS by amplification using a classical, variant, and universal primers. The classical mecA gene was detected in 201 isolates, being 177 S. aureus, whereas the variant mecA was detected in 14 isolates, being 2 S. aureus and 12 CoNS isolates. These results reinforce that the variant mecA is widespread in the animal environment. Surprisingly, a single strain of S. xylosus isolated from a porcine nasal swab carried both mec genes (classical and variant). The developed universal primer set successfully amplified mec genes in 205 isolates, even four isolates that did not amplify any classical or variant mecA using conventional primers. It presented sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive, and negative predictive values higher than 90%, comparing to the classical mec gene detection. Also, it presented a higher discriminatory power once four isolates just amplified mec genes using this primer set. This report is of high relevance once the development of tools to improve MRS diagnosis is crucial for its accurate and rapid identification. The dairy environment represents a considerable challenge in the emergence of new variants of beta-lactam resistance genes due to the frequent use of this antimicrobials class to prevent subclinical mastitis.
Companion animals are part of human societies around the world [65]. In veterinary medicine clinical practice, diseases such as pyodermitis, external otitis, urinary tract, and respiratory infections are the most frequent causes for the implementation of antibiotic therapy in dogs and cats. Wide-spectrum antimicrobials also prescribed in human medicine are commonly used in these treatments, such as aminopenicillins with beta-lactamase inhibitors, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, aminoglycosides, and potentiated sulfonamides [66]. As a result, the extensive and indiscriminate use of such antimicrobials in companion animals, coupled with their proximity to humans, gives canine and feline species importance as sources of antimicrobial resistance spread [67]. In the last decade, the escalation of infectious conditions in the veterinary clinic of pet animals related to hitherto unknown or low prevalence agents such as Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex (Acb complex). Parallel to this, the advances in molecular biology applied to bacteriological diagnosis allowed the reclassification of pathogens, and to identify the sharing pathways to virulence and resistance genes between closely related species, as occurs with Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, a species reclassified from molecular studies, with some significant gene sharing with Staphylococcus aureus, the most recognized species of this genus, of significant importance in human medicine.
The Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex (Acb complex) is formed by highly genetically related Gram-negative bacteria, which makes species identification difficult through routine laboratory phenotypic methods [68]. The Acb complex comprises Acinetobacter baumannii and its close relatives, A. calcoaceticus, A. dijkshoorniae, A. lactucae, A. nosocomialis, A. pittii, and A. seifertii [69]. The clinically relevant species include A. baumannii, A. pittii, and A. nosocomialis [70]. Members of this complex have emerged as opportunistic pathogens causing infections in human and animal health facilities [71]. Infections include pneumonia, especially in ventilated patients; urinary tract infections, especially in patients with urinary catheters; and other infections associated with the use of intravascular catheters [72]. Infections caused by Acb complex agents are difficult to treat since these pathogens have intrinsic resistance to different classes of antimicrobials and also have the ability to acquire additional resistance genes [73]. Infections caused by representatives of the Acb complex has become a growing challenge in clinical routine, both human and animal, especially considering the multiresistant character of these pathogens. Further, there are currently few studies in the field of veterinary medicine that report the occurrence of the other species of this complex, besides A. baumannii, as well as the resistance profile.
The analyses developed by our research group have identified all three species of clinical relevance of Acb complex, with the prevalence of A. pittii, in samples of animal infectious processes, which has also presented multiresistant profiles. The identified multidrug-resistant isolates were mainly involved in urinary tract infections of dogs and cats, which confirm the real challenge in the veterinary clinical routine. These findings reinforce the need for proper investigation of these agents in the veterinary environment for the adoption of appropriate control and treatment measures. Carbapenemic antimicrobials constitute an excellent alternative for the treatment of infections caused by these pathogens. However, carbapenemases production is one of the biggest challenges in the healthcare system [74]. Agents of Acb complex have become resistant to carbapenems through different mechanisms, including the presence of metallo-beta-lactamases (class B) and the presence or overexpression of OXA (class D) carbapenemases, especially blaOXA-23, blaOXA-24, blaOXA-58, and blaOXA-51. Considering the species A. baumannii, the gene blaOXA-51 codes for the intrinsic carbapenemase [73]. This additional resistance conferred by OXA-type carbapenemases is commonly grouped into resistance islands located in a region that favors insertion or deletion within the bacterial chromosome [75]. The ISAba1 insertion sequence located in the upstream region of the OXA genes, such as blaOXA-23, results in increased expression of this gene, observed by an increase in the minimal inhibitory concentration for carbapenems [76]. In addition to antimicrobial resistance, another factor that has favored the emergence of infections caused by species of the Acb complex is related to the biofilm formation capacity of these pathogens, which contributes to their survival in environmental conditions, favoring their persistence in hospital devices, and on different abiotic and biotic surfaces [77]. Biofilm-associated infections require higher doses of antibiotics, resulting in antimicrobial resistance, increased death, prolonged hospital stays, considerable economic loss, and loss of protection for patients [78].
2.3.2 Staphylococcus pseudintermedius: an underestimated risk for animal and men
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was first described as S. intermedius [79] based on bacterial isolates from pigeons, dogs, minks, and horses. For decades, S. intermedius was considered the leading species of staphylococci associated with skin and soft tissue infections in dogs until it was demonstrated that S. intermedius was actually a heterogeneous group of bacteria [80]. Devriese et al. [80] described the S. pseudintermedius species through DNA hybridization and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Subsequent studies evaluated the phenotypic and genotypic diversity in S. intermedius and differentiated it into four distinct species: S. intermedius, S. pseudintermedius, S. delphini, and S. cornubiensis which are together referred to as the Staphylococcus intermedius group (SIG) [81, 82, 83]. Since then, S. pseudintermedius has been recognized as the common cause of skin infections in dogs, and it has been proposed that all canine isolates should be termed S. pseudintermedius unless genotypic typing methods reveal otherwise [84]. This coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) is commensal to the skin and mucosa of healthy dogs, including hair follicles, conjunctival sacs, nares, oral cavity, and perianal region [85]. It is an opportunistic pathogen, capable of causing disease when the natural resistance of the host is suppressed or when the skin barrier is changed [81]. Atopic dermatitis, medical or surgical procedures, and immunosuppressive diseases are examples of predisposing factors to infection [81]. This pathogen is the leading cause of skin and ear infections but may also cause infection in other tissues and cavities and may be transmitted in the community or hospital setting [48, 81, 85]. Besides being the leading cause of canine pyoderma, S. pseudintermedius is also frequently isolated from samples of urinary tract infections and may be a complicating factor in immunomodulatory-responsive lymphocytic-plasmacytic pododermatitis [81].
Although dogs are the natural hosts, S. pseudintermedius can colonize and infect other animal species, mainly cats [86, 87]. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and S. aureus are the species of CoPS that may be composed of the commensal skin microbiota in cats, but there is no consensus in the veterinary literature as to which is dominant and geographic factors should be considered [88]. In these animals, S. pseudintermedius can cause tissue infections, rhinitis, nephritis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and septicemia [87, 89, 90]. Since the first report of human infection by S. pseudintermedius [86], infections have been reported occasionally and are often directly related to close contact with a dog [81]. Pet owners with S. pseudintermedius infections and veterinarians are more likely to be nasally colonized by this agent than other individuals [91, 92, 93]. S. pseudintermedius infections associated with dog bite wounds and post-mastoidectomy, onycholysis, otitis externa, sinusitis, bacteremia, hospital acquired pneumonia, and brain abscess procedures have been described in humans [94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102].
Two cases of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) infection have been described in patients with sinusitis, and in one case, at first, S. pseudintermedius was misidentified as MRSA [102, 103], suggesting that there may be an underreporting of cases due to the misidentification of the agent. Twenty-four cases of human infections caused by S. pseudintermedius were reported in Canada, most of them associated with skin and soft tissue infections, and in three of them, the strain involved was multidrug-resistant [104]. Human MRSP infections in patients without any contact with dogs suggest that humans may eventually be colonized by MRSP [104, 105] and that human-to-human transmission may occur [81]. These reports highlight the importance of S. pseudintermedius as a potential emerging pathogen of zoonotic origin and the need for further studies to understand the transmission to humans and to recognize this epidemiological phenomenon.
The relevance of S. pseudintermedius as a pathogen is also related to its antimicrobial resistance potential [48]. The inappropriate prescription and use of the same drugs in humans and animals provide a selection of multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates and consequently compromise the treatment efficacy [106]. Beta-lactam antibiotics are often the first choice of treatment for Staphylococcus-associated infections [107], and methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) are an increasing concern. The emergence of MRSP worldwide has become a major problem for small animal veterinary medicine [108] and the infections caused by this agent, a challenge. This resistance is mainly due to two distinct mechanisms: the production of the beta-lactamase enzyme, encoded by the blaZ gene, and the production of the additional low-affinity penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a), which is encoded by the mecA gene and regulated by mecI and mecRI genes. PBP2a determines oxacillin/methicillin resistance due to its reduced affinity for beta-lactams and can carry out transpeptidation reactions when normal PBPs are blocked by the drug, allowing peptidoglycan synthesis and conferring resistance to all antimicrobials of the beta-lactam class [109].
The mecA gene is located in a mobile genetic element called staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCCmec) chromosomal cassette, which can be transferred via plasmid, transposons, or mobile genetic elements and integrate into the bacterial genome [110, 111]. The mec cassette is made up of two main components: the mec complex, composed of the IS43 pathogenicity island, the mecA gene, and its mecI and mecRI regulators, and by the ccr complex that encodes the chromosome cassette recombinases, which are responsible for the correct excision and consequent integration of this element into the staphylococcal chromosome [112].
The mec cassette may carry other genetic elements such as Tn554, pUB110, and pT181, which encode resistance to other classes of antimicrobials. For example, the erm genes, which are responsible for constitutively expressed or induced cross-resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin B (MLSB), are located in Tn554, present in SCCmec types II and III [113, 114]. Horizontal transfer of the mecA gene into staphylococci and the genetic elements inserted into the SCCmec thus resulted in the worldwide spread of oxacillin/methicillin and MDR clones, making it an additional difficulty to control infections caused by these agents [113]. MDR is often observed in MRSP strains [115, 116, 117], which also constitute a reservoir of resistance genes for other staphylococci [108] and represents a major problem as the distribution and prevalence of these organisms in animal clinical specimens are relatively unknown, as well as the presence and circulation of genes such as mecA and its potential for propagation in companion animals.
In addition to the challenges of identifying S. pseudintermedius, there is a need for standardized typing methods that support an epidemiological investigation and monitoring of MRSP [81]. Different techniques have been employed to characterize and determine the genetic diversity among MRSP strains. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), spa gene typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and SCCmec cassette typing are commonly used. Despite a considerable number of studies seek to understand the population dynamics of S. pseudintermedius worldwide, little is known about the clonal distribution patterns of MRSP strains from Africa and South America [118].
In Brazil, the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) as a cause of infectious diseases in companion animals remains unknown. A recent study, developed by Motta [119] provides an overview of the prevalence and characterization of multidrug-resistant MRSP strains from canine and feline clinical samples in Rio de Janeiro. A significative occurrence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in MRSP strains from Brazilian canine and feline clinical was revealed: all MRSP strains analyzed were resistant to seven different antimicrobial classes: fluoroquinolones, phenicols, macrolides, aminoglycosides, aminoglycosides, lincosamides, and tetracyclines. Among these strains, four closely related spa types were detected, with predominance of t02. Two clones were identified by the PFGE technique and four closely related strains (groups III and X). MLST typing revealed the presence of three STs/CCs (ST/CC71, ST265/CC258 and ST282/CC45) never reported previously in MRSP strains derived from canine and feline clinical samples from Brazil, with predominance of the worldwide disseminated ST/CC71-spat02-SCCmecII-III strain. Comparative analysis of the typing methods used revealed the importance of combining techniques for a broader understanding of the genetic diversity of MRSP. The report highlights the need for further studies to determine the prevalence and characteristics of MRSP from Brazil, supporting preventive and control measures to overcome the antimicrobial resistance.
2.4 β-Lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria in a one health approach
Most Enterobacteria pathogens associated with human enteric illness originate from animals and can be transmitted directly to humans or indirectly through animal origin food, contaminated water, or a common reservoir [120]. Currently, β-lactamase-producing strains have been recovered from urban environments, companion/production animals, and animal source foods, which indicate a possible route of dissemination in different ecosystems.
To better understand these links and to identify control measures to reduce the bacterial resistant infections in humans and animals, a One Health approach is needed [121, 122]. The application of a global concept of cross-linking data will improve the prevention, prediction, and control of zoonotic diseases [123, 124].
Undoubtedly, the mobilization of resistance genes through plasmids, transposons, and integrons is intimately linked with widespread of β-lactamases, facilitating the exchange of genetic elements among various bacteria species that can later colonize different hosts and ecosystems and can be spread by different routes [125].
The detection of ESBLs in bacterial isolates of animal origin, such as Acinetobacter baumannii, has raised concern regarding the transmission of ESBL genes between human and animal [126]. Also, E. coli strains carrying AmpC-β-lactamases have already been reported in healthy and sick animals and food-producing animals [127, 128]. AmpC-hyperproducing E. coli was detected in dairy herds in Brazil in 2019. Since there was no previous report of these AMR bacteria in dairy cattle, it was not possible to compare the mutation positions. Nevertheless, many of the positions observed in E. coli from beef cattle, broiler, and meat had already been described for human samples. These findings demonstrate a possible transmission route for these bacteria in the food chain and its dissemination through the environment [129].
ESBL or plasmidial AmpC-β-lactamase producers are also frequently resistant to aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones. The rate of resistance to these antibiotics among E. coli isolates of animal origin has been increasingly reported, and the impact of animal-derived broad-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria on public health has drawing considerable attention worldwide [127].
2.4.1 β-Lactamases resistance in Gram-negative bacteria
The most common mechanism of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in Gram-negative bacteria is the production of hydrolytic enzymes of antimicrobial agents, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) [130]. Two systems of classifying this array of enzymes are in use: the Bush-Jacoby-Medeiros activity-based system [131] and the Ambler system [132] based on nucleotide and amino acid sequence information [133]. The resistance to beta-lactamase inhibitors characterizes the group I (Ambler class C) beta-lactamases (also known as AmpC enzymes). AmpC is mostly found on chromosomes, and its production is inducible. Group 2 (Ambler Class A) beta-lactamases could easily be transmitted into different bacterial cells once plasmids carry them. This group comprises the largest number of characterized enzymes divided into subgroup 2b hydrolyzing penicillins and cephalosporins and its variation 2be (known as "ESBL"). ESBL present a broad spectrum of various antimicrobials as ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and aztreonam. Clavulanic acid exerts potent inhibition towards them. Group 3 (Ambler Class B) enzymes are metalloenzymes capable of destroying carbapenems. Finally, group 4 beta-lactamases contain those unusual penicillinases not inhibited by clavulanic acid, and four of these enzymes exhibit high rates of hydrolysis with carbenicillin or cloxacillin [134].
The spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria has dramatically increased worldwide regarding as one of the most important public health threats. Therefore, their appropriate classification and epidemiological data on the main enzymes disseminated in humans, animals, and the environment are of utmost importance.
2.4.2 An historical approach
The first plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase in Gram-negative bacteria was reported in Greece in the 1960s. At the end of the 1970s, most Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) strains contained ampicillin hydrolyzing β-lactamases mediated by plasmid (TEM-1, TEM-2, and SHV-1). They could be eliminated using third-generation cephalosporins [135]. The emergence of K. pneumoniae strains to harbor a gene encoding β-lactamase that hydrolyzes the extended-spectrum cephalosporins was firstly reported by a study from Germany in 1983. Further, in 1986, K. pneumoniae strains resistant to the third-generation cephalosporins were detected in France [136, 137]. This resistance was attributed to a new β-lactamase gene, closely related to TEM-1 and TEM-2, and these newly detected enzymes capable of hydrolyzing extended-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics were named extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) [138]. In 1989, a new ESBL family member not belonging to either the TEM or SHV types was reported: CTX-M type. Its origin has been confirmed to be completely different from that of TEM or SHV ESBL [139]. Nowadays, more than 600 ESBL has been described, the majority belonging to the CTX-M families and TEM-1/2, SHV-1 β-lactamases mutants [140].
2.4.3 The CTX-M-type β-lactamase resistance dissemination
The CTX-M-type β-lactamases can be further differentiated into at least six sub-lineages or groups, namely, CTX-M-1, CTX-M-2, CTX-M-8, CTX-M-9, CTX-M-25, and KLUC [141]. The impressive worldwide spread of CTX-M-producing Gram-negative bacteria turned them to be considered the primary ESBL producers associated with community-acquired infections. The CTX-M family is described as predominant in South America, as well as in Spain and Eastern Europe [142]. Therefore, according to the increasing number of reports describing these enzymes in Brazil, it appears that CTX-M variants are also prevalent in the country compared to TEM and SHV enzymes, prevalent in North America and Western Europe, respectively [143]. In Brazil, CTX-M has been reported in several states; CTX-M-2, CTX-M-8, and CTX-M-9 subtypes are the most prevalent in human samples. In animal production species such as poultry, swine, cattle, and horses, the prevalent enzymes are CTX-M-2, CTX-M-8, and CTX-M-15 [144]. Unfortunately, there are no nationwide surveillance programs on bacterial resistance and its mechanisms, making it difficult to estimate the proportion of ESBL producers [141].
2.4.4 The AmpC-type β-lactamases
Another enzyme group of the β-lactamases type is AmpC. They are relevant enzymes produced constitutively or induced by chromosomal or plasmidial genes expressed by members of Enterobacterales and other Gram-negative bacteria. This class of β-lactamases belongs to the functional groups 1 and C of the Bush and Ambler's classification, respectively [129]. They are often overlooked because they are not within groups 2b or 2b, as CTX-M, TEM, and SHV. AmpC producers hydrolyze almost all β-lactam antibiotics, including cephalosporins, cephamycins, and penicillins, solely or associated with Β -lactamase inhibitors, limiting therapeutic options to treat infections caused by these resistant bacteria.
Of major concern is the hyperproduction of this enzyme in E. coli. This phenomenon is caused by spontaneous mutations that produce deregulation of ampC and is responsible for resistance to first-, second-, and third-generation cephalosporins and to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase inhibitors [145]. Also, some mutations can induce the appearance of an extended-spectrum AmpC (ESAC) that can hydrolyze fourth-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems. Once carbapenems are the choice therapy for Enterobacteria-producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase infections, the detection of ampC production and its control represent an even big challenge.
2.4.5 The carbapenemases
The carbapenem resistance is related to the production of β-lactamases with versatile hydrolytic capacities. Currently, the most important type of class A carbapenemases are KPC enzymes, whereas VIM, IMP, and (particularly) NDM in class B and OXA-48 (and related) in class D are the more relevant enzymes. Most carbapenemases are plasmid-mediated (with genes frequently located in integrons), favoring its dissemination [146]. Since carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria generally also contain gene coding for other beta-lactam resistance mechanisms, it is not uncommon for organisms to exhibit complex beta-lactam resistance phenotypes. Besides, these organisms often contain other genes that confer resistance to quinolones, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and other families of antimicrobial agents that cause multidrug resistance (AMR) or even pan-resistance. The emergence of new variants and the prevalence of β-lactamases in isolates of community, environmental, and animal origin has demonstrated the complexity of establishing the origin of resistance.
2.4.6 Challenges in detecting the prevalence of β-lactamases
The incidence of large-scale beta-lactamase-producing organisms' spectrum is difficult to determine. There are significant differences between the detection and interpretation methods used by countries and health institutions throughout the study [147]. Considerable phenotypic confirmatory tests for ESBL (2be and 2b) producers have been described in the literature, and all methods utilize the characteristics of ESBL production inhibition by clavulanic acid.
The Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) recommended test consists of an initial screening by disk diffusion or by the broth dilution method with ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefpodoxime, and aztreonam followed by a phenotypic confirmatory test with cefotaxime and ceftazidime in the presence and absence of clavulanate [54]. The European Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Committee (EUCAST) [148] also recommends these tests, but both documents preconize different disk concentrations, and there are also differences in susceptibility zone sizes for consideration of resistance patterns. These factors lead to difficult interlaboratory standardization and consequently to the correct definition of local, regional, and national epidemiological data.
Specifically, regarding AmpC, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) offers no standard test to detect AmpC producer isolates. There are few antimicrobial agents safely effective against these isolates, and many of them are not available or even not approved for animal use. Although different detection methods are available, the lack of international standardization limits the reporting of AmpC by clinical laboratories, which may underestimate this important mechanism of antimicrobial resistance [149].
3. Conclusions
Different environments related to animal production and clinical care can act as a source of the emergence of resistance genes. Studies developed over two decades show that there are relevant peculiarities that must be considered in the detection and understanding of emerging resistance in animal environments to achieve a systemic and practical approach to control antimicrobial resistance worldwide. This chapter discussed some current challenges, the importance of the poultry production environment in the significant emergence of colistin resistance, the development of a universal primer that made it possible to detect a variant of the mecA gene in Staphylococcus aureus from the dairy environment, and the emergence of Acinetobacter baumannii-Acinetobacter calcoaceticus complex and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius considering companion animals. Finally, the significant dissemination of the resistance mechanism is determined by the production of different classes of beta-lactamases in Gram-negative bacteria in human and animals environments. These concepts allow considering antimicrobial resistance in a One Health approach, which provides a global strategy for expanding collaboration and interdisciplinary communication.
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to the Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), and Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) for grants that supported this work. We express our sincere thanks to Dr. Catherine Logue, Dr. Lisa Nolan, and Dr. Nicolle Barbieri from Poultry Disease Research Center, University of Georgia, United States of America, for providing us with technical conditions for the development of part of the reported work. We also thank Dr. Helena Maria Neto Ferreira from the Department of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal, for helping us perform the initial beta-lactamases experiments. Our deep gratitude goes to all the former and present staff of the Veterinary Bacteriology Laboratory at Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro.
References
1.World Health Organization. WHO publishes list of bacteria for which new antibiotics are urgently needed [Internet]. 2017. Available from:
27.Rhouma M, Beaudry F, Letellier A. Resistance to colistin: What is the fate for this antibiotic in pig production? International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 2016;48(2):119-126. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.04.008
29.European Medicines Agency - Antimicrobial Advice AdHoc Expert Group. Updated advice on the use of colistin products in animals within the European Union: development of resistance and possible impact on human and animal health. 2016. Available from:
39.Pimenta RL. Evaluation of antimicrobial resistance and virulence in bacterial poultry isolated in cutting and posture establishments in the state of Rio de Janeiro [thesis]. Rio de Janeiro: Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro; 2018
105.Kelesidis T, Tsiodras S. Staphylococcus intermedius is not only a zoonotic pathogen, but may also cause skin abscesses in humans after exposure to saliva. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2010;14:e838-e841. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.2249 | eng | b84c15ce-d257-4421-a436-3ad36364f271 | https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/71775 |
Improve the color scheme to make my video more eye-catching and visually appealing. You must be someone who is visually artistic to increase the drama and meaning of the video through color manipulation. | eng | d7a695e7-cf7c-4669-a06a-539818370027 | https://golio-prod2.herokuapp.com/tasks/view/7361 |
Robert Pattinson Wears Speedos on the Red Carpet
We've all seen the movie 'Waterworld'. Well, after years of speculation, it seems that Robert Pattinson has finally admitted that he's the star of the movie. The British actor had previously denied the rumours, insisting that any similarity to the film was purely coincidental. Now that the dust has settled, he's finally spoken out about the ongoing saga. "Yes, it's true. I am absolutely soaking wet, but not because I'm swimming," he told reporters at the premiere of his new film 'High Life'. "It just so happens that I'm on the red carpet. I'm actually there to support my friend."
Pattinson's comment was in reference to the premiere of the Baz Luhrmann-directed film, which also marked the American actor John Travolta's return to the big screen after a 12-year absence. Earlier this month, 'Waterworld' was named the 5th biggest moneymaker of all time, making $547 million at the box office worldwide. It is the highest-grossing Australian film of all time, and the country's 6th biggest grossing overseas film of all time.
The Making of 'Waterworld'
Luhrmann began work on 'Waterworld' in 2006, with a story that was initially inspired by his love for Australia and its landscape. The director and his screenwriter (and cousin) Scott Beck were initially attracted to the idea of making a movie about the great white shark. However, when they began researching the subject, they discovered that the real-life creatures were no longer considered'scary' or'mysterious', but simply depicted in movies and TV shows as 'cool' and 'believable'. This made them realise that they could in fact make a comedy about the creatures.
The result is a movie that blends humour with terrifying moments as the great white sharks are used to humorous effect. While the sharks are undeniably awesome creatures, the joke-worthy moments in 'Waterworld' make for some of the film's most enjoyable sequences.
'Waterworld' also marks the second collaboration between Luhrmann and Beck. The director had previously worked with Scott on his 2005 film 'The Ballad of Bullock and Tom Jones', in which they crafted a wonderful adaptation of the classic James Joyce novel. 'Waterworld' continues the tradition, with Beck adapting a story by Guy de Maupassant for the big screen.
Why Does 'Waterworld' Sink So Low On Our List Of Favorite Films?
As much as we'd like to see 'Waterworld' crowned the king of all time, it comes with a heavy dose of reality. We're simply not prepared to crown it the King or Queen of all Time. Why? Because despite its many great qualities, it's truly one of the worst films we've ever seen. And that's not an opinion. It's a fact. If you've never seen or heard of the movie, then it's probably due to the fact that it's not that good. So what are the reasons why it's so bad?
The screenplay is just plain bad. It's embarrassing how bad it is. The dialogue is horrible, with a lot of cheesy one-liners and laugh-inducing moments that fell flat. The characters are one-dimensional and very stereotypical. And let's be honest, sharks are terrifying and can be funny, but there's nothing funny about seeing a shark eat a human. That's just not funny.
If you're looking for a good movie, then we recommend that you stay away from 'Waterworld'. Sure, it's a great story about how the sharks became friends with a boatload of tourists, and it's a great example of how good direction and adapted screenplays can make for a good movie. But if you want to see some quality cinematic junk, then you should definitely look into buying or renting 'Waterworld' on Blu-ray, even if it's just to mock the shit out of it. | eng | b8749527-f6b3-4069-b136-600d65401bf5 | https://robertpattinsonwho.com/robert-pattinson-speedo/ |
Nutrition for dogs: essential nutrients for health and basic food
There is a lot to know when it comes to selecting the best dog food for your newly adopted puppy, and it is one of the most important decisions you will make to ensure he lives a long and healthy life. With that said, we've broken down the basics of dog nutrition, what to look for when selecting that perfect food, and the basics of feeding.
Protein
The bottom line is that dogs need protein to thrive, and it's one of the most important ingredients to consider when evaluating different brands of dog food. What is the first ingredient on the bag or can of dog food? It is important that the first ingredient is a protein because the first ingredient listed on the nutrition label on your dog's food will be the most prominent.
You may wonder why protein is so important. For dogs, protein is a very important source of essential amino acids and energy. "Protein is an important part of a dog's diet.Twelve of these amino acids that a dog produces in its body, but the other ten must be supplied by animal sources such as meat, chicken, fish in the dog's diet.
Vitamins and minerals
Vitamins and minerals are very important and play a vital role in the health and development of our puppies. Because of this, many brands of pet food include vitamins and minerals when making food. Initial dog food recipes contain important vitamins and minerals for your dog, such as vitamin A acetate, vitamin D3 supplement, and vitamin E supplement.
Vitamin A is excellent for supporting your dog's vision. Vitamin D3 is great for the skin of dogs, as they cannot get vitamin D from the sun. Last but not least, vitamin E helps your dog build healthy and strong muscles and keeps his immune system strong.
AAFCO
AAFCO may be one thing that can stand out on the bag or can of dog food. AAFCO stands for the Association of American Food Control Officials, and they have guidelines outlined for pet food companies to follow when creating their food.
With that in mind, it is important to ensure that any dog food you are evaluating for your dog has the AAFCO statement. What this means is that the pet food has been created according to AAFCO nutrient requirements or has conducted AAFCO feeding studies to help ensure it meets your dog's nutritional requirements to stay healthy.
Feeding guidelines
Following the feeding guidelines listed on the dog food you are feeding your dog is a great rule of thumb to follow. These eating guidelines will be based on age and weight. "Older dogs generally don't need to consume as many calories to maintain their ideal body weight, and it may be a good idea to consider a senior diet or a lower calorie diet to prevent your older pet from becoming overweight.
Adopting a new dog is a fun and rewarding experience, and diet is very important to ensuring its health for life. If you have any specific questions about your dog's dietary needs, consult with your veterinarian.
Glenn Main is a pet expert. He loves all animals, but his favorites are the ones that people keep as pets. Glenn Main knows everything about pet problems and has helped many find answers to their questions. | eng | 2874b779-38a1-403b-8b72-795a4f21a0f5 | https://animal-care.net/nutrition-for-dogs-essential-nutrients-for-health-and-basic-food/ |
Tag: house pride
Gryffindors are bright mornings, leaves dripping in gold. They're the trailblazers, unafraid of the road ahead. They're laughing so loud your stomach hurts, the knowledge that your friends are right behind you wherever you go. They're ice skating with someone you love, clinging on to them for dear life. They're make-believe games with quests and dragons and swords pointing at the sky. They're rosy cheeks, winter winds and freezing hands. They're the adrenaline when a plane takes off, the drop at the top of a rollercoaster. They're delighted screams and freedom, the wind through your hair. They're panting, pillow fights, feathers bursting into the air. They're finger painting and festivals and burning sunsets. They're the burn in your lung after chasing something you'll never be able to catch.
Hufflepuffs are honey and flowers and the soft autumn sun. They're knitted jumpers and scarves and soft tan boots. They're fresh air and nature, the sound of birds singing. They're rolling down a hill in the spring, grass stains on your knees, daisy chains in your hair. They're waving at someone across a crowded room, bright smiles and laughter. They're coming home after a long day and seeing your family. They're playing fetch with your dog, your cat weaving between your feet. They're fluffy socks and song birds and kraft notebooks with hand drawn patterns. They're throw cushions on a bed, a tiny cottage surrounded by wilderness. They're the ground beneath your feet, the air that you breathe. They're the light you chase when you thought you'd never see the morning.
Ravenclaws are leather bound books and overstocked libraries. They're waking up at two am to google that thing that's bugging you. They're journals with half the words crossed out, scribbles and ink stains and missing pages. They're stretching when you've been hunched over all day, rolling off the edge of a bed, burrowing in blankets. They're torch light and held breaths and reverent whispers. They're the entire night sky and everything beyond it; the embodiment of the universe. They're desperate searches and hidden castles and ghost stories by firelight. They're the mystery of a dark corridor, the force of a whirlwind. They're the excitement of discovery, the rustle of crunched up paper. They're the last whisper before you fall asleep.
Slytherins are foggy hillsides and picturesque landscapes. They're hand written love notes and subtle glances across a classroom. They're black boots, long coats, buttons done up to the top. They're tipping your head back to breathe the air, kicking up stones on a deserted path. They're mirrored lakes, everything below the surface. They're the confidence to get something right, the feel of magic in your fingertips. They're holding your breath underwater, pretending to be a mermaid when you swim. They're finding that one song that makes you want to create a storm. They're the chill in the breeze, the force in the tide. They're enchanted forests and lingering glances and long drives. They're the lightning and the thunder and everything in between.
Ugh I just…as much as I loved the video of Lin-Manuel and Emma Watson sorting Hamilton characters into Hogwarts Houses, I was hoping that we had maybe gotten to the point where we can stop automatically casting the protagonist in Gryffindor without any further discussion because seriously. Hamilton is a Slytherin.
Hamilton's defining characteristic is his ambition, his burning desire to make a name for himself and to leave a legacy. It's what motivates just about every decision he makes. That's not a Gryffindor quality (I mean, I'm not saying that Gryffindors can't be ambitious, any more than Slytherins can't be brave – it's just a much more defining characteristic of Slytherins ["And power-hungry Slytherin loved those of great ambition"]). From the beginning, Hamilton is obsessed with making a name for himself and while that allows him to make some choices that seem brave or noble on their surface, they're all with the goal of rising above his station (consider: anything in the Revolutionary War; the Reynolds Pamphlet; even his death).
In many ways, Burr, who I also consider a Slytherin, and Hamilton represent both ends of Slytherin spectrum – both would use any means to achieve their ends, though their means are quite opposite. And for both of them, ambition and pride is their downfall, though again, in different and contrasting ways.
And in the Harry Potter universe, it becomes clearer that Hamilton would be a Slytherin. Imagine little eleven-year-old bastard orphan (son of a whore and a Scotsman…) Hamilton rolling up to Hogwarts with no name, just the burning need to make a name for himself. And when he puts the Sorting Hat on his head and tells him, "A nice thirst to prove yourself…You could be great, and Slytherin will help you on your way to greatness", how could Hamilton say anything but yes?
(And of course, imagine little Hamilton running up to the Slytherin prefect Aaron Burr, when first-years aren't supposed to just talk to prefects, to ask him in that piping voice, "Pardon me, are you Aaron Burr, sir?")
(And then also imagine Burr and Hamilton many years later, facing each other, wands raised, both prepared to do whatever it took – Hamilton aiming his wand at the sky, Burr firing the curse that would kill Hamilton and break him, in the end.)
I'd go on, including more from Hamilton's actual life instead of just the show, but instead I'll stop here and say TLDR – #yourfavoritesareslytherin2k16
Robert, definitely. He's very family-oriented and despite all his fault, people – and their feelings – come first for him, leading him to make good decision (helping out Mrs Patmore, with her cataracts in season one and with the memorial in later seasons), being in general very generous and understanding to his staff – probably more than most other men in his position. Going off to America to help his brother-in-law. Then not-as-good decision: sheltering Mary in season 4 to an unhealthy degree, refusing to sell land to sell the estate because of what the people on the land meant to him. Yeah. Robert's main priority has always been people, he's pretty much the biggest Hufflepuff of the show.
I'm torn between Hufflepuff and Ravenclaw for Edith, but I think I'm going to have to go with Hufflepuff. Her love of the outdoors and work, for one thing: Edith needs to be busy to be happy. She works incredibly hard, and she takes her work very seriously. She's incredibly loyal to those who love her. She's a great boss, because she listens to others and their input and she's a great team worker (unlike other members of her family, eh). All in all, she's the one who takes the most after her father, so her sharing his house makes sense, you know?
Matthew!! Matthew Crawley, oh my god. One of the nicest people you'll ever meet. Fair and incredibly generous. A little emotional like his Gryffindor mother, and just as dedicated to doing the Right Thing, though while Isobel usually sees it as a Cause and Idea, Matthew wants to do right by the people around him, i.e. everything with Lavinia. You know he's have stood by her and loved her and been a loyal husband, even though he knew he still loved Mary. Just. Matthew. ;-;
Downstairs:
Baxter! We didn't get to see much of her, which was a shame, because I loved her. Smart and kind and soft-spoken Baxter, also incredibly loyal – to her employer yes, but also to her friends, like Thomas – even when they do wrong by her she's so warm-hearted and always finds it in her to forgive them (the only person she finds it hard to forgive is herself, and that breaks my heart…)
Alfred! and William, too. Both sweet guys, good guys, who want(ed) to make their little place in the world and get by as well as they can.
oh gosh yes. *_* I love every one of these and I never would have thought of Robert, but you're TOTALLY RIGHT. He is the most Hufflepuff to ever Hufflepuff. 😀
The only two you didn't list who I like to think of as Hufflepuff are Anna (so I'd love to know where you'd sort her! ^_^) and maybe Tom. I wobble between Hufflepuff and Gryffindor for him depending on my mood. ^_^ | eng | 4c22db06-0eec-4131-918c-3abb8a626a23 | https://eirenical17.wordpress.com/tag/house-pride/ |
Secondary navigation - Literacy Central
Secondary navigation - Literacy Central - Logged
Philip Reid Saves the Statue of Freedom: Guide for Parents and Families
Source
Reading Is Fundamental
Philip Reid Saves the Statue of Freedom printable guide for parents and families provides hands-on activities and ideas for extension projects using materials found at home. Parents and families can use this guide to direct student thinking before, during and after reading.
Resource Information
Age Range
8 - 11
Grade Level
3rd - 6th
Donate
Your contribution will help us to provide free books and literacy resources to children across the nation. | eng | a77f8b35-7a77-48fa-8d19-97efeb863fac | https://www.rif.org/literacy-central/material/philip-reid-saves-statue-freedom-guide-parents-and-families |
How to make more breast milk?
How to make more breast milk
When you start to breastfeed, you may wonder if you are feeding your baby correctly. If you notice that your baby is not gaining weight or you don't have to change her diaper very often, she may not be getting enough breast milk. This can happen if the baby does not latch on properly or, somewhat less frequently, if you produce little milk. The good news is that most women make a third as much milk as their babies do, so there is a certain margin. If you are concerned, it is best to consult a healthcare professional. If you're concerned about your milk supply levels, read on to find out ways to make more breast milk supply naturally and find out what may be the reason you're producing less than you'd like.
Signs that the baby is getting enough breast milk
Kids Rush Images
More important than trying to measure the amount of milk you produce is to watch for signs that your baby is getting enough milk. Think about these questions:
Does the baby gain weight?
One of the most reliable signs that breastfeeding is correct is the constant weight gain of the baby. Keep in mind that the baby will lose a little weight in its first days of life (it is usually not more than 7% of its birth weight, approximately), but it should be regained in a couple of weeks. Take a look at this growth chart, which will help you monitor your baby's development along with visits to a healthcare professional.
Do you have to change your baby's diapers frequently?
The number of newborn diapers your baby wears is a good indicator of whether he is getting enough milk. The normal thing is to change six wet diapers a day and check that your baby poops three or four times a day. The poop will be dark and sticky for the first few days, but then it will become mushy and yellowish. The urine should be light yellow, not yellow or dark orange.
How often does the baby suckle?
Newborns usually nurse 8 to 12 times a day, about every 2 to 3 hours. This demand can increase with sudden growth.
Does your baby seem happy between feedings?
How can I tell if my baby is hungry? |Kids Rush Images|
If your baby seems satisfied, happy, alert, and active (and not angry or fussy) after nursing, chances are she is getting the food she needs.
If your baby is not drinking enough milk, you may also notice that he is sleepy all the time or most of the time. In this case, be sure to call a healthcare professional.
What aspects influence the production of breast milk?
If your newborn is not feeding properly, the most likely cause is that he is not latching on properly, and not that you are not producing enough milk. Find out how to get your baby to latch on properly and some additional tips. However, some factors can cause your breast milk production to decrease, such as the following:
Waiting too long to start breastfeeding (ideally starting about an hour after delivery, however, in some cases this is not possible)
Not breastfeeding often enough (experts recommend giving it 8 to 12 times a day)
Taking certain medications, such as those containing pseudoephedrine or even certain types of hormonal contraceptives
That your baby does not latch on properly to the nipple and, therefore, does not stimulate milk production
How to make more breast milk
The good news is that there are ways to increase your milk supply. These ideas can help:
Start breastfeeding as soon as possible to make more breast milk
If you can, try not to wait too long after delivery to start breastfeeding. Ideally, start around an hour later. However, in some cases (for example, if you are recovering from a C-section), you can start breastfeeding later. Don't worry about that, because here are more tips to increase your milk supply.
Use a breast pump frequently to make more breast milk
What should I know about breast pumps?
The more milk you can express, the more you will produce. If you work, try to pump your milk for 15 minutes every few hours. You can also save some time by pumping both breasts at the same time with a double pump.
Breastfeed frequently to make more breast milk
Breastfeeding: Frequently asked questions |Kids Rush Images|
Your baby will likely want to breastfeed 8 to 12 times a day. If you breastfeed frequently or use a breast pump between feedings, your breasts will be stimulated to produce more milk.
Make sure your baby latches on to the nipple properly
It is important that the baby latches on to the nipple correctly and swallows when nursing. If in doubt, a lactation consultant or healthcare professional can help you confirm that the baby latches on to the breast and swallows properly.
Give the baby both breasts
Remember to alternate between breasts. Both must be emptied to produce more milk. You can also use a breast pump to remove accumulated milk.
Don't skip the shots
Follow the feeding schedule. If you work while breastfeeding and pumping, try not to skip any feedings, as it can affect your milk supply.
Consult a healthcare professional if you take medication
Some medications can reduce milk production. Consult a healthcare professional about possible medication options, as there may be solutions you can take while breastfeeding.
Ask a lactation consultant for help to make more breast milk
If you still don't know if you are producing enough milk for your baby, talk to a lactation consultant or healthcare professional for one-on-one assistance.
Do not worry
Even if you think you are producing little breast milk, you can take steps to increase it. Follow these tips and talk to a healthcare professional to make sure your baby gets the food she needs. | eng | 75c3470a-88f2-48f3-a3bd-a5e986b53ebc | https://kidsrush.com/how-to-make-more-breast-milk/ |
Australia's competition regulator put the airline industry firmly in the spotlight this week, calling for an ombudsman and for the government to break up the skies and provide relief for travellers at a time of record high airfares.
Airlines are dusting off their planes and bringing them out of desert storage facilities, such as this one in Alice Springs, as travel starts up again globally. iStock
Shareholders were delighted and Jarden analyst Jakob Cakarnis said the shortfall of planes could deliver as much as 75 per cent higher earnings from Qantas's boom-bust international division. Travellers, meanwhile, are paying about 50 per cent more for international flights than before the pandemic.
Such a move could bust up Qantas' grip on landing rights, open the skies to more competition, and potentially bring down the exorbitant expense of overseas travel.
So, why can't Qantas and other airlines keep up with demand? What does it mean for ticket prices? And can anything be done to solve the problem and make flying cheaper?
Why are international flights so expensive?
The average flight from Melbourne to London return cost $1412 between 2017 and 2018. That's compared with $2677, on average, currently – almost double what it was, according to an analysis of Skyscanner by price comparison website Finder.
Advertisement
That is because airlines across the globe can't keep up with the unexpected surge in demand from consumers.
They have been slow to resume services since the COVID-19 pandemic grounded planes and brought international travel to a halt.
In Qantas' case, its 10 wide-bodied A380 aircraft that fly in and out of Australia sat parked in California's Victorville desert gathering dust, while pilots and crews were furloughed.
Getting planes back up and running hasn't been as easy as expected. Firstly, many cabin crew and ground staff left the industry entirely, finding new jobs in a white-hot employment market.
Secondly, pilots lost flying hours that are needed to pass safety requirements. Australia was hit harder than the United States because interstate/domestic flights were also grounded by the harsh lockdowns.
Qantas has been flying empty A330s and A380s across the continent in an effort to get pilot hours back up, but it didn't have that luxury during the uncertainty of the pandemic when it watched costs closely as fuel prices soared.
Its ageing wide-body fleet still needs to be replaced and it will take a decade to replace most of the A330 planes that fly international routes, particularly into Asia.
(Virgin Australia hasn't been as significantly affected, given it isn't as exposed to the international market.)
Another big issue is the scarcity of aircraft parts and maintenance of those that were grounded. Qantas boss Alan Joyce this week gave the example of manufacturer Boeing suffering major delays all because it had just one supplier for a thermostat component, worth a few hundred dollars in a multi-million-dollar plane. The company was run by a father, who died during COVID, and his two sons, who defected to supply the automotive industry as the pandemic hit aviation.
Advertisement
The chief executive of aircraft manufacturer Boeing, Dave Calhoun, said recently that ironing out supply chain difficulties would take until at least the end of 2024.
Governments the world over also tend to protect their flag airline carriers from "irrational" sovereign-backed players, a category that some say Qatar might fall into. Negotiations between individual countries balance commercial and political considerations, resulting in access that varies according to the strength of bilateral trade relationships.
Of the 28 bilateral agreements in place with Australia, only China, India, the United States, the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Singapore have unlimited landing rights. However, similar to Qantas, some of these countries' airlines are struggling to get back to capacity.
Qatar Airways wants to ramp up its flights in and out of Australia.
Lengthy lockdowns saw Chinese airlines exit the international arena and like Australia, getting pilot hours back up is preventing a big return from the mainland carriers as well as Hong Kong's Cathay Pacific, which was arguably the worst hit of all the airlines given it had no domestic market to service and strict quarantine requirements in the region until just this year.
Singapore Airlines is taking advantage of the shortfall after the island state came out of lockdowns early and with government support raised money to get back into the skies. It has already surpassed pre-COVID capacity adding an A380 to its Sydney-Singapore route last month and announcing new services that will add almost 7000 more seats a week between Australia and Singapore.
The US carriers such as United Airlines and Delta also plan to add more flights, given capacity in Europe and North America is back at pre-COVID levels. Unlike Qatar, the Americans and Singaporeans have unlimited landing rights as part of trade agreements.
Qatar Airways has been vocal about wanting to ramp up its flights to Australia, but it requires more expansive "landing rights" to fly into popular east coast destinations such as Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane, where access is restricted to carriers which are struggling to fulfil their capacity.
Advertisement
Currently, Qatar Airways is allowed 28 flights in each direction per week to and from Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane. While it has unrestricted flights to and from any other Australian airport, landing at Canberra, Adelaide and Perth makes less commercial sense.
Granting extra landing rights is a decision for the federal government; however, Transport Minister Catherine King won't respond to questions about why the Middle Eastern carrier's potential expansion in Australia remains in limbo.
Landing rights are not unique to Australia. Qantas and Virgin also face restrictions when they go offshore. In 2015, Hong Kong blocked Qantas from setting up a Jetstar hub to protect its flag carrier Cathay Pacific and the US wouldn't allow Qantas to carry any domestic American passengers from Los Angeles to New York.
But landing rights would potentially be far more lucrative for Qatar than other airlines (and potentially detrimental for Qantas), given its special alliance with Virgin Australia, which would connect its passengers domestically into the rest of the country. | eng | 39d74d7d-ebea-43e0-ab7f-b961936ec082 | https://www.afr.com/companies/transport/why-is-flying-out-of-australia-so-expensive-20230605-p5de55 |
Why you should visit Quarteira in the Springtime!
22 February 202321 January 2023
| eng | 2274d17a-faa6-4b08-b059-158e866d0bca | https://greatescapetravel.blog/quarteira-in-the-springtime-the-perfect-getaway-for-the-whole-family-on-the-algarve/ |
Walter´s Food n´ Wheels
Walters is a business that looks at the future, continuously growing and looking for new flavors. However, everything began with a man's passion for bringing his childhood flavors to the rest of the world.Walters is Sharing with the customers a unique gastronomic experience. | eng | 86ad9469-a53e-4db4-a054-18a377c3b48d | https://tetebrage.com/walters-food-n-wheels/ |
Is powdered milk harmful?
Have you ever wondered if powdered milk is a healthy alternative to regular milk or if it's even safe to consume? There are many conflicting opinions and information out there about powdered milk and its potential dangers. Some claim it's loaded with oxidized cholesterol, while others tout its nutritional value and cost-effectiveness. So, what's the truth? In this blog post, we'll dive into the factual data surrounding powdered milk and whether it's harmful or not. Whether you're considering adding it to your emergency food stores or simply curious, read on to learn more.
Definition of powdered milk
Powdered milk is a milk product that has been pasteurized and evaporated to remove water content, resulting in a dry and powdery substance. Various types of milk, including skim, whole, and non-dairy milks, are available in powdered form.
According to Sarra Sedghi, an Associate Editor at Allrecipes, powdered milk is an important resource for people with limited access to fresh milk. It can also help you get essential vitamins and nutrients in the event of a disaster. Additionally, powdered milk is an ingredient in infant formula, candies, and baking recipes. Powdered milk is easier to transport and has a longer shelf life than regular milk, making it a popular staple among survivalists and in areas with limited access to fresh milk.
Powdered milk is primarily used as an ingredient in various food products. Powdered milk may not have the same taste as fresh milk, but it retains the milky flavor. Powdered skim milk and fresh whole milk have a considerable difference in taste. Many people recommend mixing reconstituted milk with fresh whole milk or other ingredients to enhance its taste.
Powdered milk is different from malted milk powder, which is a dehydrated combination of wheat flour, malted barley extracts, milk, salt, and sodium bicarbonate. Powdered milk can be substituted for malted milk powder as long as sugar or a sweetener is added because powdered milk is unsweetened. Powdered milk has a longer shelf life and is versatile. You can use it as a way to store milk, while camping or as an inexpensive way to extend your milk supply at home.
Importance of powdered milk
Powdered milk plays a significant role for those who are unable to access fresh milk regularly. This dairy product is versatile and has a range of uses, making it a staple in many kitchens. Here's why powdered milk is important:
Powdered milk is a great source of nutrition, containing the same vitamins and minerals as fresh milk, and is fortified with additional nutrients to boost its nutritional value.
It has a long shelf life, making it a convenient and cost-effective option for those who live in remote or hard-to-reach areas.
It is used extensively in the food industry to manufacture a range of products including infant formula, candies, chocolates, and other confectioneries.
Powdered milk is also used in recipes where milk is an ingredient. It can add creaminess, texture, and flavor to a variety of dishes, including baked goods, soups, and sauces.
Additionally, powdered milk is a useful ingredient for those who enjoy camping or hiking. It is a great way to store milk without refrigeration, keeping it fresh and safe to consume.
Its cost-effectiveness is also a major draw. As compared to fresh or packaged milk, it comes in half the price. This makes powdered milk a popular choice for those on a tight budget.
In summary, powdered milk is an essential ingredient for many people, including those living in remote areas, campers, and those on a tight budget. It offers the same nutritional value as fresh milk, with additional benefits such as long shelf life and versatility.
Controversy over health risks
Controversy over health risks associated with powdered milk has been a topic of concern for many people. Some online sources claim that powdered milk is dangerous because it contains oxidized cholesterol, which may damage blood vessels and promote heart disease. However, there are several factors to consider when discussing the potential health risks of powdered milk.
It is important to note that powdered milk is nutritionally equivalent to fresh milk and is relatively non-perishable. It can be added to recipes to increase the protein content and nutritional value. Whole milk powder is likely to contain oxidized cholesterol, while nonfat dried milk is virtually cholesterol-free.
Furthermore, dried milk is usually fortified with Vitamin A and D and is comparable to fresh milk in terms of nutrients like calcium and potassium. You can add dried milk to powder to breads and other baked goods soups sauces smoothies or other recipes to add protein and other nutrients.
In regards to the controversy, it is true that powdered milk contains oxidized cholesterol, but it is important to remember that "oxidation is a normal metabolic process" and that small amounts of oxidized cholesterol are found in many foods. Additionally, not all powdered milk contains added dry milk, and the FDA requires any added ingredients to be listed on the ingredient list.
In conclusion, while there is controversy over the health risks associated with powdered milk, it is important to remember that it is a nutritionally equivalent option to fresh milk and can have added benefits such as a longer shelf-life and easier transport. However, like any food, appropriate storage and consumption practices should be followed to ensure safety and quality.
Nutritional Value of Powdered Milk
Comparability to fresh milk
Powdered milk has been a go-to substitute for fresh milk for decades. There has been a debate over the years about the comparability of powdered and fresh milk, with people asking if powdered milk is as nutritional as fresh milk. According to a study, powdered milk is an ideal replacement for fresh milk because it has the same vitamins and minerals, and it can be easily mixed in drinks and shakes. Although the nutritional composition of milk powder is similar to fresh milk, it is not pleasant for the taste buds of some. Powdered milk is less expensive than fresh or packaged milk, but the use of substandard elements makes this possible.
"Powdered milk is the dehydrated or evaporated form of milk, and it has a similar nutrient profile to fresh milk," says Martina Watts, a registered dietitian. Powdered milk is fortified with vitamins and minerals and is rich in protein, just like fresh milk. This makes it an excellent alternative for those who are lactose intolerant. Powdered milk is also an ideal choice for those with a limited supply of fresh milk, as it has a long shelf life.
However, some studies have shown that powdered milk contains oxidized cholesterol, which can stick to the wall of arteries and harm blood vessels. Moreover, it can also trigger the formation of plaques which are the beginning of heart diseases. Powdered milk also has a higher risk of bacteria growth if it is not stored properly. It generally appears lumpy and can be harmful to the gut to digest.
In conclusion, powdered milk can be a convenient replacement for fresh milk, but it is essential to consume it in moderation as it is high in cholesterol and sugar. It may not have the same taste as fresh milk and can have sub-standard elements. Proper storage is crucial to avoid bacteria growth and lumps in the powdered milk.
Fortification with vitamins and minerals
Fortification of milk with vitamins and minerals is a common practice aimed at enhancing the nutritional value of milk. Several studies have shown the health benefits of consuming fortified milk, including strong bones, improved immunity, and prevention of several health conditions. According to an article from PMC, "milk is an attractive product for fortification as it has a high nutritional density in a small volume and a relatively low price."
The addition of vitamins and minerals such as calcium, vitamin D, vitamin A, iron, and magnesium to milk provides essential nutrients for good health. Fortified milk is a source of essential nutrients such as vitamin B2, which is especially significant and can improve vision by preventing cataracts. Additionally, vitamin A in fortified milk may enhance vision and provide strong immune support. "Research shows positive health effects of drinking milk and consuming dairy products, and even more health benefits can be obtained from consuming fortified dairy products," according to the same article.
Fortified milk can fill nutrient gaps in diets, particularly in populations where certain nutrients may be lacking. It can significantly help prevent deficiency diseases such as rickets due to vitamin D deficiency. Fortification is also an efficient strategy to correct other micronutrient deficiencies that may not be as serious but can still be harmful. In countries where fortified milk is widely consumed, populations have higher vitamin D intake and blood vitamin D levels than countries that don't consume fortified milk.
Fortified milk offers several benefits, including enhanced nutrition, strong bones, and improved immunity. The addition of essential vitamins and minerals to milk can fill nutrient gaps in diets and help prevent deficiency diseases.
Protein content and other benefits
Powdered milk is often overlooked as a source of high-quality protein and essential nutrients. Despite being derived from liquid milk, it is often perceived as inferior or less nutritious. However, this couldn't be further from the truth. In fact, milk powder is highly concentrated and boasts a plethora of nutritional benefits, including a high protein content.
A 100gm serving of milk powder provides 26gm of protein, which is 52% of our daily needs. Protein is essential for maintaining and repairing tissues, building muscle, and producing hormones and enzymes. The amino acids found in milk powder are readily digestible and completely bioavailable, meaning they are easily absorbed and utilized by the body. This makes milk powder a valuable addition to any diet, especially for those looking to build muscle or boost their protein intake.
In addition to its high protein content, milk powder is also a good source of calcium, phosphorus, and potassium. All of these minerals play a crucial role in maintaining bone health, muscle function, and healthy blood pressure levels. Some milk powders come fortified with vitamin D, which makes calcium absorption even easier. Low-fat calcium-rich milk products like milk powder are good for heart health since they lower blood pressure.
Milk powder can also be a good addition to a weight loss diet since it's high in protein and promotes satiety. Whole milk has been associated with a lower risk of obesity, especially in childhood. Milk powder is an excellent pantry product and can be used to make tea, cereal, sweets, and other dairy-based foodstuffs. It has a longer shelf life than liquid milk and can be stored without refrigeration, making it a viable substitute for fresh milk. Overall, milk powder is a versatile and nutrient-dense food that you shouldn't overlook. As the saying goes, "Don't cry over spilled milk, use powdered milk instead!"
Potential Health Risks
Oxidized cholesterol content
Powdered milk is a staple product in many households as it is less expensive and has a longer shelf life compared to fresh milk. However, there are concerns regarding its health risks that have been circulating on the internet, particularly regarding the oxidized cholesterol content. Oxidized cholesterol is a form of cholesterol that has undergone a chemical reaction due to exposure to oxygen, and studies have associated it with heart disease and stroke.
According to online sources, powdered milk, specifically whole milk powder, is likely to contain oxidized cholesterol, which can damage blood vessels and promote heart disease. However, it's essential to note that nonfat dried milk is virtually cholesterol-free, making it a better option. In terms of protein content and nutritional value, powdered milk is comparable to fresh milk. Additionally, like fresh milk, dried milk is usually fortified with Vitamin A and D.
When it comes to protein-fortified skim or 2 percent milk, concerns about oxidized cholesterol from protein-fortified milk are a non-issue. This is because the cholesterol in dried nonfat milk can become oxidized, but there isn't much there to be at risk. The total cholesterol stays the same, whether or not it is protein-fortified. This statement is supported by nutritional scientist Ed Blonz, who stated, "The concern about oxidized cholesterol from protein-fortified milk is a nonissue."
It's important to have a balanced diet and a healthful lifestyle to prevent elevated blood levels of cholesterol, heart disease, and stroke. Thus, while there are concerns about powdered milk regarding oxidized cholesterol content, opting for nonfat dried milk and having a balanced diet with healthy greens, grains, fresh fruits and vegetables, nuts, and seeds can significantly reduce the risks associated with cholesterol.
Harm to blood vessels
Powdered milk has been a long-standing staple in many households due to its affordability, convenience, and relative ease of storage. However, recent studies have shed light on the potential harm that powdered milk could have on our health. One of the major controversies surrounding powdered milk is the harm it can cause to blood vessels. Whole milk powder is likely to contain oxidized cholesterol which may damage blood vessels and promote heart disease. This is because the process of making powdered milk involves heating, which can cause cholesterol to oxidize, making it more harmful to the body.
According to nutrition expert Monica Reinagel, "when fats are exposed to high temperatures or certain chemical reactions, they oxidize and become more reactive. And oxidized cholesterol can damage the lining of blood vessels and promote the formation of plaque, which is a big risk factor for heart disease." This means that consuming too much powdered milk, especially the whole variety, could increase your risk of heart disease.
It's important to note that not all powdered milk products contain harmful levels of oxidized cholesterol. Nonfat dried milk is virtually cholesterol-free, making it a safer alternative. Additionally, it's important to store powdered milk properly to prevent bacteria growth, which can also harm blood vessels.
Overall, it's clear that powdered milk poses some potential health risks, especially when consumed in excess. However, with proper caution and attention to the type and storage of powdered milk, it can still be a valuable addition to many diets.
Increased risk of heart disease
Consuming powdered milk has been a topic of controversy, particularly regarding its impact on the health of our heart. Concerns have been raised stating that powdered milk can lead to an increased risk of heart disease. This perception is mainly based on the fact that whole milk powder tends to contain oxidized cholesterol, which can damage blood vessels and promote heart disease. However, nonfat dried milk, which is typically used more widely, is virtually cholesterol-free and has no such harmful effects.
According to an article published by Quick and Dirty Tips, powdered milk is nutritionally equivalent to fresh milk and can be added to recipes to increase protein content and nutritional value. In addition, dried milk is often fortified with vitamins and minerals that are essential for the human body.
While it is true that powdered milk can increase the risk of heart disease, it is mainly associated with the consumption of whole milk powder. On the other hand, nonfat dried milk is a healthier alternative, and its benefits outweigh the potential risks. Hence, it is advisable to opt for nonfat dried milk over whole milk powder.
To sum up, even though powdered milk is often associated with an increased risk of heart disease, the reality is that only whole milk powder has the potential to cause such harm. Therefore, consuming nonfat dried milk is safe and can provide many nutritional benefits.
Bacteria growth due to inappropriate storage
One of the major concerns surrounding powdered milk is the potential bacteria growth due to inappropriate storage. As with any food product, improper storage can lead to contamination and the growth of harmful bacteria. According to a study, the bacteriological quality of processed liquid milk did not meet the standard set by Ghana Standard Board, even before storage. This highlights the importance of proper storage to prevent bacteria growth.
The study found that the highest levels of bacteria growth occurred from day 4 to day 7 of storage, regardless of the storage method used. Among the bacteria identified, Pseudomonas species were highly prevalent, with 71% growth for one type of milk. Bacillus species, on the other hand, were least prevalent but still present.
Proper storage can help prevent the growth of harmful bacteria. Storing powdered milk in its original packaging, unopened, and in a cool, dark place is the best way to maintain its quality. If transferred to a storage container, it is recommended to use it within three months and label it with the date of opening. Freezing powdered milk is also an option, as it can keep it fresh indefinitely.
As the study found that refrigerating milk with its tin in a closed storage bowl recorded the least bacteria growth over a 7-day duration of storage, it's advisable to do so for processed liquid milk post-opening too.
In conclusion, while powdered milk is safe for consumption, proper storage is crucial to prevent bacteria growth. Following the suggested guidelines for storage, including checking the best-by date and transferring it to an airtight container, can significantly reduce the risk of harmful bacteria growth. | eng | 58f12ab5-16f9-45ba-9a72-651cc56ccec6 | https://mjaac.com/is-powdered-milk-harmful.html |
The Guest of Honour, Gen(ret) Paul Manson reminded everyone that we, current and ex-cadets, family and friends, are all responsible for preserving and encouraging the traditions that make the two military colleges the incredibly special institutions that they are. | eng | 8dda04e0-4724-499a-af74-b3eef9594edd | https://everitas.rmcalumni.ca/quest-ce-qui-se-passe-au-cmr-saint-jean-6/ |
What Does PDF Accessibility Remediation Mean – Its Process and Benefits?
With the modern-day requirements, assistive technology is getting smarter to help special audiences embrace the latest learning. Assistive technology requires targeted tags to label the document and its various elements for proper alignment with the content.
Pdf remediation is a process where document elements are digitally labeled so that they can be viewed and read by people with disabilities. And assistive technology also plays a vital role in this. This article underlines accessibility remediation and its benefits for people with disabilities. Along with that, the article discusses legal compliances related to accessibility.
What does accessible mean?
Before understanding pdf remediation, it is imperative to look into the meaning of accessibility. Accessibility means providing viewing and reading chances to those with disabilities. People who use assistive technology to read need compatible documents, allowing them to access documents across various channels such as screen readers, connected Braille displays, etc. People with disabilities include vision impairment, cognitive disorders, brain injuries, etc.
Certain tags are used to label the document so that it can make sense to people with disabilities and allow them to comprehend the material's essence. Moreover, tags provide crucial information about the elements in a document, such as headings, subheadings, images, lists, tables, and links. While it also helps them to understand the hierarchy and order of the document's content.
What is PDF Remediation?
PDF remediation is a process that tags the digital elements of PDF documents so that people with disabilities can read using assistive technology. These tags are important in properly ordering the document's elements and making readers understand the PDF content more effectively. It also keeps the pdf document's visual elements intact and gives it a consistent look across various platforms or a variety of devices.
Though all created documents should be ideally accessible, that doesn't happen. Document created in MS Word, google docs or other tools may not completely align with the accessibility norms. Therefore those need to be tagged properly because some elements lose their essence. And here, you require some pdf remediation to make your document flawless and format-ready – accessible for people with disabilities.
With the right tagging, accessibility needs can go beyond. It also improves the SEO of any online document and makes it more accessible and usable by people of all kinds.
Some of the accessibility issues that need pdf remediation services
Improper reading order
PDf document needs to be aligned properly with the perfect sequence of content. An improper order of content may contribute to losing the document's importance. Moreover, properly sequencing content in the pdf allows people to use assistive technology to grasp it better.
Lack of alternative text for images
People using screen readers understand the images through text-based descriptions. Therefore, pdfs containing images and other visual content must be specified by the right description that perfectly explains the image so that people with disabilities can comprehend the content and make necessary decisions.
Inaccessible tables
The table in the pdf is important; it improves the visual experience and helps in comprehending the content and finding difficulty or similarity more early. Therefore the pdf document must follow assistive technologies so that people with disabilities can use it correctly.
Inaccessible forms
Forms stand as an essential element that helps the user connect with the concerned person or Team if they have any queries or concerns. Inaccessible pdfs make it difficult for people with disabilities to comprehend the form or fill them out. Therefore the pdf document must comply with assistive technology and pave the specially-abled user's path to fill it out conveniently.
What is the process for remediating a document?
Improving the accessibility and usability of the document is known as pdf remediation. Pdf remediation ensures that your document is usable by people with disabilities because not all documents fit every kind of person. Therefore it becomes necessary to remove any barrier or hindrance that comes up with specially-abled people while reading pdf documents.
Remediation is the process that employs various tools and techniques to remove any reading barrier and make the document more accessible. Depending upon the content or document type, the technique may change. The process includes the following:
Evaluation
At this stage, the experts review the document and determine inaccessible elements. Also, they determine the right course of action to remediate the same.
Planning
Once the experts understand key critical challenges in the document, they develop a comprehensive remediation plan to outline the techniques and tools for remediation.
Remediation
The entire exercise completed in the previous stages is executed in this stage. Experts implement the right remediation plan and remove various reading barriers in the pdf document.
Testing
Once all the required remediated elements are implemented in the document, then comes the time to test it to ensure that it perfectly aligns with the needs of the specially-abled users.
Verification
In the last stage, tools such as AbleDocs, ADScan, and assistive technologies are used to verify whether a document aligns with the needs of people with disabilities.
Benefits of pdf remediation services
1. Follow compliance norms
Following various compliance norms like ADA, WCAG allows businesses to prevent legal actions. So it improves user experience and helps organizations or websites to become legally compliant.
2. Reach a larger audience
A document could reach a wider audience when it becomes easy to navigate and understandable as it allows more people to read and become more informed about the product or service.
3. Improve social inclusions
Making documents accessible for people with disabilities means businesses and websites promote social inclusion and allow people to interact with the content for enhanced opportunities.
Conclusion
PDFs have become an important part of our lives due to the convenience it provides to the users. Pdf accessibility remediation not only helps in reaching a wider audience but also is a prerequisite for business success. It's a legal compliance requirement. So when a website is compliant with various pdf accessibility elements such as heading, headings, links, tables, etc., it becomes easy for assistive technology to identify the pattern and provide people with disabilities a better chance to comprehend the document content | eng | 8921adf1-aa90-4e3c-bc7a-0ef4749a84d3 | https://inpeaks.com/2023/07/08/what-does-pdf-accessibility-remediation-mean-its-process-and-benefits/ |
Why Sentiment Analysis Tools Matter in 2022 and Beyond
The modern business thrives on feedback. Thankfully, it's a very very generous world when it comes to giving feedback. Technological advances have made sure that surveys are easy to conduct, customer reviews barge in from all directions, and social media… Well, social media is a world of its own. Many brands are simply inundated with unstructured data that they can't make sense of to use in any meaningful way.
However, there is a class of thriving brands that know how to channel this flood of data into sentiment analysis tools for daily, meaningful use. And you can join their ranks!
First, let's frame the landscape.
What is Sentiment Analysis?
Sentiment analysis is the use of technology to determine the emotion behind statements or opinions at scale. Sentiment analysis tools use Artificial Intelligence (AI) -based technology to assess unstructured data such as social media posts, customer reviews, and employee survey responses. The social media post, review, response, or any other form of unstructured data is tagged as having a positive, negative, or neutral emotion. This is repeated for thousands or millions of datasets. Further, the results are analyzed and quantified, with dashboards generated for quick interpretation.
How Do Sentiment Analysis Tools Work?
Sentiment analysis tools powered by artificial intelligence (AI) extract sentiment in relation to the primary terms towards which you've directed your analysis. And these insights can include emotions, behaviors, likes, or dislikes which are expressed as a soundbite.
Generally speaking, for any given topic, some nuggets of text, such as social media posts, will contain sentiment, and some will not. And when sentiment is found, it is expressed as positive, neutral, negative, or mixed.
The first three are self-explanatory, but mixed sentiment means there is positive and negative language in the text. An example of this would be Brand X's shoes are affordable, but their sizing is off.
In this case, the first half of the sentence talking about affordability is positive and would be assigned a positive value of 1. Conversely, the second half of the sentence that mentions ill-fit would be given a -1. So, yes, these cancel one another out in theory. Still, the applicable aspect of the sentence is apparent when sorting for either positive or negative attributes.
In other words, when you're parsing your dataset on Brand X's positive mentions, you will see that the affordability part of the sentence contributes to overall positivity and vice versa.
All in all, sentiment analysis tools provide the capacity to measure public perception across any topic. This, of course, allows brands to adjust their strategies to best suit their market situation. Let's look at a few ways brands use sentiment analysis to that end.
How Leading Brands Use Sentiment Analysis Tools to Stay Ahead
Meeting the evolving needs of the 21st century customer requires a keen understanding of their attitudes and emotions. Sentiment analysis can help businesses treat customers "how they want to be treated," as Brian Solis so aptly put it during a recent NetBase Quid LIVE presentation.
Using sentiment analysis tools, leading brands keep up with current needs by uncovering how consumers feel about them and the market in general. This helps them in a variety of ways:
Responding to the voice of the consumer
Managing brand perception
Managing crises
Boosting their marketing performance
Developing new products
We are going to look at a couple of these use cases in a moment. But first, here are some statistics to highlight the importance of sentiment analysis tools in business:
Consumer attitude vis-a-vis feedback: Approximately 90% of consumers that rate a company as "very good" in customer experience also trust it to handle their needs. Of those who rate a company's customer experience as "very poor," only 16% would trust it.
Social media as a sharing platform: 48% of American consumers use social media to search out the experiences of other people with a brand.
And now, let's see how you can get the most out of a sentiment analysis tool.
Sentiment Analysis Example #1: Voice Analysis
Woe unto the 21st century brand that doesn't understand consumer voice! Customer service is going to be an uphill battle for businesses that don't understand the voice of the consumer. Sentiment analysis tools can play a significant role in intelligence gathering, revealing how consumers want to be treated. This is what winning businesses are doing to anticipate and meet customer expectations.
And it's not just the voice of the customer that needs to be analyzed and understood. It's also the employees who wake up every day to go and build a big business and strong brand. Leading companies certainly care about what their staff thinks; but it is not very easy to do when you have thousands of employees across multiple territories. The sentiment analysis tool is the solution. This way, brands won't miss out on important posts that they may want to amplify:
Sentiment Analysis in Healthcare: Pharma
To illustration this, when a leading pharmaceutical company that wanted to understand the mindset of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) as well as their attitude towards different classes of drugs used in the treatment of their condition, they examined the analytics.
Narrowing things to a recent timeline (2018/19), Quid took a deep dive into more than 15,000 patient conversations across various forums and drug review sites to discover key themes, patient experiences, popular medications, and why certain drugs were popular.
This information was fundamental in informing subsequent marketing and outreach actions taken by the drug manufacturer towards this class of patients.
Sentiment Analysis Example #2: Reputation Management
Leading businesses are always monitoring the general perception of their brands, promoting actions that favor them, and getting ahead of those that are less than flattering.
There are many factors that affect brand perception. And public opinion can have a strong impact on how consumers view your company. Further, the actions of the brand itself can affect it in a variety of ways: Through marketing, handling of a crisis, etc. Sentiment analysis can surface the effects of the various factors influencing consumer perception.
Sentiment Analysis in Travel: Airbnb
Is Airbnb in Hospitality, Tech, or Real Estate? Well, that is one of the discoveries made when NetBase Quid did an analysis of close to 4,000 articles about the company.
The study – which was conducted to better understand the prominent topics and issues influencing the public perception of the company – revealed that Airbnb was being discussed as either a tech company or travel agency. Articles describing it as a tech company gained prominence in terms of online engagement. This might suggest how the majority of consumers view their relationship with Airbnb.
There were other pertinent discoveries made that could impact the future success of the company. There were five overarching themes associated with the brand that can be explored and exploited for better customer service. For instance, social issues drove a huge spike in conversation about Airbnb in the months of July and August 2017. Be sure to download the case study to learn more!
And those are only two examples of intel brands capture using sentiment analysis. What are you capturing with your tool? When choosing a sentiment analysis tool, be sure to find one that allows integration with third-party tools so your brand's analysis isn't limited and capture the entire online picture. Reach out for a demo today and we'll show you sentiment analysis in action, as it relates to your brand! | eng | 6a766e72-1c22-4fdd-affe-a804f69ad377 | https://netbasequid.com/blog/sentiment-analysis-tools/ |
Search This Blog
2016-05-14 (Sa) Charged: DesertIrish
A few things have become apparent while recording and
deserve to be shared. Do not eat spicy foods before recording because
they can cause a runny nose and that can get distracting while
recording. Similarly, don't drink dairy right before recording because
that can cause phlegm to build up to the point of being audible or make
throat clearing necessary during a recording.
If you
enjoy caffeinated products DO have some before recording because it can
make you sound more energetic, a little goes a long way for me. Be wary
because caffeine is also a diuretic and you may need a bathroom break
before too long.
Mood is important. Feeling tired or
unhappy will sound much different than happy and energetic, unless you
are a good actor. Try to avoid doing things that will drag you down, do
things that get you excited to tackle a recording task. For me,
listening to swing or ska music in the kitchen gets the blood pumping
and feet moving. Driving in rush hour traffic however doesn't improve my
mood or stamina.
The best was saved for last. If your
recording space is an enclosed space the size of a phone booth like mine
with minimal air movement, like mine, do not pass gas inside. It will
not dissipate quickly and you will regret it | eng | 5beb42bd-0648-43b3-a545-9032f79e2b19 | https://www.24hourengineer.com/2016/05/2016-05-14-sa-charged-desertirish.html |
Main navigation
The name Camlann has a number of possible locations. Battle of Plassey was fought between? Kalinjar is located in Banda District of Uttar Pradesh state, near the temple-city and World Heritage Site of Khajuraho. Kalinjar Fort. This battle was fought between Pakistan and India in 1971. [11] Ashoka's grandfather Chandragupta Maurya had previously attempted to conquer Kalinga but had been repulsed. After the Kalingas had been conquered, Beloved-of-the-Gods came to feel a strong inclination towards the Dharma, a love for the Dharma and for instruction in Dharma. 3. The damages caused to the fort can still be seen on its … The fortress is strategically located on an isolated rocky hill at the end the Vindhya Range, at an elevation of 1,203 feet (367 m) and overlooks the plains of Bundelkhand. This is the only major war Ashoka fought after his accession to the throne. The reasons for invading Kalinga were both political and economic. In early 18th century the fort was captured by the Peshwa Bajirao after defeating the Mughal garrison. Kalinga also controlled the coastline for the trade-in bay of Bengal.[12]. Both sides consolidated their forces. Kalinga was a feudal republic state now known as Odisha. The English army, led by King Harold, took up their position on Senlac Hill near Hastings on the morning of the 14th October 1066. In 1023 Mahmud of Ghazni attacked and received a tribute from Kalinjar,[4][5] Mughal Emperor Babur was the only commander in history to have captured the fort in 1526 when driving away Raja Hasan Khan Mewattpati. This was one of the world's most pivotal events. Notes: The Battle of Waihind in 1008-09 AD was fought between Mahmud of Ghazni and Hindu shahi ruler Anandapala. The battle of Armageddon refers to the final war between human governments and God. Maj Shabbir Sharif Shaheed (Nishan e Haider , Sitara e Jurat) was the hero of this battle. The Resistance fighters had to make their way into Star Killer Base in order to prevent it from destroying the Resistance's base on D'Qar. Pillared building at one corner of Kalinjar Fort, Kuvera riding on his vehicle, near temple of Nilkanth, Architectural details from temple of Nilkanth, Sculpture of Ganesh from temple of Nilkanth, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Articles needing additional references from October 2014, All articles needing additional references, Articles which use infobox templates with no data rows, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 13 December 2020, at 20:09. He followed the policy of divide and rule with the Shahis of Bijapur… After the defeat of Rani Laxmibai, the fort came under the management of jhijhotiya Chaubes who struck a deal with the British. They resisted and fought bravely. The fort came to prominence during the Chandela rule. The battle probably took place, then, near a crooked river. Ramaraya of the Aravidu family married the daughter of Krishnadevaraya and became famous as Aliya Ramaraya. The Battle of the Trident was the battle that ultimately determined the outcome of Robert's Rebellion. Winner : Ashoka the Great Loser: The Ruler of Kalinga Ashoka and his army fought a severe fight with the army of Kalinga. They offered a stiff resistance to the Mauryan army. 10. This war was the last battle which Ashoka the Great ever fought. The Kalinga War prompted Ashoka, already a non-engaged Buddhist, to devote the rest of his life to ahimsa (non-violence) and to dharma-Vijaya (victory through dharma). Some of Ashoka's later edicts state that about 150,000 people died on the Kalinga side and an almost equal number of Ashoka's army, though legends among the Odia people – descendants of Kalinga's natives – claim that these figures were highly exaggerated by Ashoka. Born in 1486,he was the son of a jagirdar of Sasaram, Bihar. Kalinjar Fort is one of the Oldest and Historical Forts in India. 1) Afghans and the Marathas : 2) Afghans and the Sikhs : 3) Marathas and the Mughals under Shah Alam II : 4) None of the above : 5) NULL : Complaint Here As Incorrect Question / Answer . Both forces fought valiantly but the Muslims were animated by holy zeal. The historic battle fought on 18 June 1576 between cavalry and archers supporting the Rana of Mewar, Maharana Pratap; and the Mughal emperor Akbar's forces, led by Man Singh I of Amber. [6] Kalinga did not have a king as it was culturally run without any.[7]. Both the armies met at Kannauj. The whole area of Kalinga was plundered and destroyed. The nearest airport is at Khajuraho, 130 km (81 mi) away but has limited connectivity. Battle of Austerlitz (December 2, 1805), the first engagement of the War of the Third Coalition and one of Napoleon's greatest victories. Its historical background is replete with numerous battles and invasions. The Turkish met the attack wit… ... Its historical background is replete with numerous battle and invasions. Ashoka set himself to the task of conquering the newly independent empire as soon as he felt he was securely established on the throne. [15]. The Battle of Kalinga began in 8th year of Ashoka's rule. From its fathomless womb, the history of the world may find out only a few wars to its credit which may be equal to this war and not a single one that would be greater than this. This was a great a confusion for Mughals. No wars in the annals of human history have changed the heart of the victor from one of wanton cruelty to that of exemplary piety as this one. One hundred and fifty thousand were deported, one hundred thousand were killed and many more died (from other causes). In this battle, Anandpala had organized a confederacy of rulers of Ujjain, Gwalior,Kalinjar, Kannauj, Delhi and Ajmer, but the alliance was defeated. 1. Due to this fact it is named as ' Battle of Sabuna'. The Raos and Bhatts were expelled to Panna and Rewa states, and the Chaubes were granted the state of Kamta Rajaula. Stalingrad, being a transport hub, was a gateway to the Caucasus region, which had reserves of oil. It was also the place where Sher Shah Suri met his death in 1545 when he was killed either in the fort or nearby on the grounds. The Battle of Hastings was fought for the crown of England between William, Duke of Normandy and the recently enthroned Harold Godwineson.. It ended in a victory for the rebels. This battle was fought in 1540. To prevent Whitebeard and his crew's attempt to save their comrade, all of the high ranking Marines (almost one hundred thousand strong), along with the Shichibukai, were called to Marineford to prepare for the war. and was won by the Mauryan Dynasty. The damages caused to the fort can still be seen on its walls and open spaces. Battle of Rezang La When: 18 November 1962 One of the toughest battles as it was fought at 16,400 ft, with 120 men of 13 Kumaon's Charlie Company killing 1,700 Chinese Army personnel. [1] Both the fort and the town, which stands at the foot of the hill, are of interest to the antiquary on account of the remains of temples, sculptures, inscriptions and caves.[1]. The Mexican-American War (1846-1848) was fought from California to Mexico City and many points in between. 'Kal' is time and 'jar' destruction. Battle of the Coral Sea. It is described as one of the most sanguinary in early Irish History. On 11 July 1690 (Gregorian calendar) the Battle of the Boyne was fought between King James II's Jacobite army, and the Williamite Army under William of Orange. It is presumed that the battle was fought on Dhauli hills in Dhauli which is situated on the banks of Daya river. The stakes were high. According to Chandela-era legends, the fort was built by a Chandela ruler. However, Thorin had sent messages of his … Kanpur Airport which is well connected with metropolitan cities of India is 175 km (109 mi) and 4 hours drive from Kalinjar. Kalinjar is a fortress-city in the Bundelkhand region of central India. Now Beloved-of-the-Gods feels deep remorse for having conquered the Kalingas. The Naukahai campaign of Rewa was launched from this fort in which the sohagpur and shahdol paragana were attached to Peshwa territories. The Battle of Kanauj was fought and lost. It is presumed that the battle was fought on Dhauli hills in Dhauli which is situated on the banks of Daya river. Following the conquest of Kalinga, Ashoka ended the military expansion of the empire and began an era of more than 40 years of relative peace, harmony, and prosperity. The Battle of the Camel, also known as the Battle of Jamel or the Battle of Basra, took place at Basra, Iraq on 7 November 656 (13 Jumada Al-Awwal 36 AH). [14], Ashoka had seen the bloodshed and felt that he was the cause of the destruction. Major conflicts between the two parties include the Wars of Scottish Independence (1296–1357), and the Rough Wooing (1544–1551), as well as numerous smaller campaigns and individual confrontations. [10], Kalinga was under the rule of the Nanda Empire until the empire's fall in 321 BCE. The Battle of Britain in World War II was between Britain's Royal Air Force (RAF) and the Luftwaffe, Nazi Germany's air force, and was the first battle in history fought solely in the air. This battle ended the Mughal Empire. The World War I could not proceed past the Western Front by 1915. Since then, the hill has been considered a holy site, casting its shadow across the patches of grasslands as well as the densely forested valley. 4. The battle was a major push on the Eastern front by Germany, which marked terrible losses, making it the bloodiest battle of all time. These governments and their supporters oppose God even now by refusing to submit to his rulership. It was the bloodiest and the most infamous war ever fought between State of Kalinga (present-day Odisha) and Mauryan Empire. The Battle of Plassey became famous because it was the first major victory the Company won in India. At issue was the question of the legitimate succession to the French crown as well as the ownership of several French territories. The British seizure of Kalinjar proved to be a great watershed, transferring the legacy of the old aristocracy into the hands of the new bureaucracy of officials who showed their loyalty to British imperialism by damaging the captured fort. The Whitebeard Pirates' 2nd division commander Portgas D. Ace's public execution was scheduled to take place at 3:00 p.m. sharp. The battle was between Domhnall, High King of Ireland and Congal Cláen, King of Ulster. The Allied powers were contemplating going on the offensive on other regions rather than continue with the attack on the Belgium and France. The war was fought in 261 B.C. Humayun , became a fugitive and Sher Khan became the master of Agra and Delhi. After Bard killed the Dragon Smaug, the Men of the Lake and the Wood-elves both laid siege to the Dwarves in the Lonely Mountain, the thirteen Dwarves of the Lonely Mountain under Thorin II Oakenshield having refused to share any of the treasure that they had recaptured from Smaug.Thorin and Company were then trapped in a bloodless siege, with Thranduil and Bard hoping to wait them out. The term "Kalinjar" (as "Kalanjara") appears in ancient Hindu mythology, but the exact origins of the fort itself are uncertain. A) Alexander and Porus: B) Jai Chand and Mohammed Ghori: C) Akbar and Hemu: D) Mohammed Ghori and Prithviraj Chauhan: Answer: D) Mohammed Ghori and Prithviraj Chauhan Explanation: Subject: Indian History Exam Prep: Bank Exams. Almost all the occupants of fort were moon worshipers and are called as chandravanshi clans of Kshatriya , Brahmanas, Kalchuries and Yadavas . Know answer of objective question : The battle of Dharmat was fought between. He established a Marattha light infantry garrison of 5000 under the command of Shrimant Ram Singh Bhatt and Yashwant Rao. Prior to the establishment of the two kingdoms, in the 10th and 9th centuries, their predecessors, the Northumbrians and the Picts or Dal Riatans, also fought a number of battles. The Battle of Stalingrad was fought between the Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union to acquire Stalingrad. A fascinating historical fort housed at Kalinjar in Madhya Pradesh, Kalinjar Fort is one of the 8 most popular forts built by the Chandela rulers. The Mauryan army was led by Emperor Ashoka while the Kalinga army was led by Raja Anantha Padmanabhan. The Kalinga war is the most famous war fought between the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka the Great and the State of Kalinga. Between these super powers a series of major battles were fought that claimed millions of military and civilian lives on all sides, and left marks in the historical record like none ever experienced in warfare to date. The British seizure of Kalinjar proved to be a great watershed, transferring the legacy of the old aristocracy into the hands of the new bureaucracy of officials who showed their loyalty to British imperialism by damaging the captured fort. The Republic Senate planned to meet that year to discuss the Military Creation Act. It was fought in the vicinity of Sabuna Canal. The last usage of fort wain and around 18th centaury which was used by marathas to collect chauth from Bundelkhand and Vindhyachal amounting to 40 lakh shahi muhars under the comaandership of Bhatta mansingh . [8] In the entire Indian history this war is considered as the deadliest war costing nearly 300,000 lives.The bloodshed of this war is said to have prompted Ashoka to adopt Buddhism with them. Beloved-of-the-Gods, King Priyadarsi, conquered the Kalingas eight years after his coronation. While Camlann, Arthur's last battle, is not part of the battle list, it was a battle that was fought in Britain. Three months before th… However, the battle was fought exclusively by aircraft – none of the ships involved in the battle shot at the enemy ship. According to Megasthenes, the Greek historian at the court of Chandragupta Maurya, the ruler of Kalinga had a powerful army comprising infantry, cavalry and elephants. Sher Shah Suri Biography. If you have ever seen the movie 300 that's what it is. Kalinjar played a prominent part in history down to the time of the Revolt of 1857, when it was held by a small British garrison. This war is considered as one of the most momentous events in the history of the Rajputs, which lasted for only 4 hours. He mainly faced two battles during his reign as the Mughal Emperor. Fought from May 4 to 8, 1942, the Battle of the Coral Sea was the first combat between the Japanese and American aircraft carriers in World War II. … They had an open culture and used a uniform civil code. [10] The Battle of al-Qadisiyyah (Arabic: مَعْرَكَة ٱلْقَادِسِيَّة ; Maʿrakah al-Qādisīyah, Persian: نبرد قادسیه Nabard-e Qâdisiyeh) He achieved victory over death. Before the battle … The Kalinga War was fought in ancient India between the Maurya Empire under Ashoka and the state of Kalinga, an independent feudal kingdom located on the east coast, in the present-day state of Odisha and north parts of Andhra Pradesh. Austerlitz - Dec. 2, 1805; Jena-Auerstadt- Oct. 14, 1806; Eylau - Feb. 8, 1807; Wagram - July 5-6, 1809. Thousands of star systems and conglomerates including the Trade Federation, InterGalactic Banking Clan, Techno Union, Commerce Guild and the Corporate Alliance, had seceded and joined the Confederacy of Independent Systems under the guidance of former-Jedi Count Dooku as terrorist strikes hit the capital planet Coruscant. As per the legends, Kalinga armies caused twice the amount of destruction they suffered. [1] After a bloody battle for the throne following the death of his father, Ashoka was successful in conquering Kalinga – but the consequences of the savagery changed Ashoka's views on war and led him to pledge to never again wage a war of conquest. The Hindu princes of different dynasties as well as Muslim rulers fought hard to conquer it and the fort continued to pass from one ruler to another. The battle was an aerial one, fought between the First Order's TIE Fighters, and the Resistance's T-70 X-wings. The attack on the strait began on February 19, 1915. The fort was decommissioned and its buildings were demolished, to prevent any further garrisoning at Kalinjar. He interfered in the internal disputes of the Shahis. Kalinga was a strategic threat to the Maurya empire. Humayun ran away from the battle … The Second Battle of Panipat was fought between the forces led by Hemu (the general and chief minister of Adil Shah Suri) and the forces of the of the Mughal emperor, Akbar. The Third Battle of Panipat was fought between the . The Hundred Years' War was a discontinuous conflict between England and France that spanned two centuries. Thousands of men and women were deported from Kalinga and forced to work on clearing wastelands for future settlement. The Kalinga War included one of the largest and deadliest battles in Indian history. It could interrupt communications between Maurya capital Pataliputra and Maurya possessions in the central Indian peninsula. Battle of al-Qadisiyyah Part of the Muslim conquest of Persia Depiction of the Battle of al-Qadisiyyah from a manuscript of the Persian epic Shahnameh Date16–19 … The entire town of Kalinga turned into a battle ground and every one came forward to fight against the Mauryan army, commanded by their ruler. Jinbe, however, caused an outrage in the headquarters in his refusal to cooperate, and was transferred to Impel Down. An overwhelmingly outnumbered Mughal force prevailed at Panipat. In 22 BBY, the Galactic Republic was in the midst of a crisis. The political history of mankind is really a history of wars and no war has ended with so successful a mission of peace for the entire war-torn humanity as the war of Kalinga. 270–271), Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay, "Greatest Battles In The History Of India", Articles needing additional references from November 2015, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia articles with style issues from February 2020, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2016, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 20 December 2020, at 15:25. The Battle of al-Qadisiyyah 204-209, pp. Below is a list of some of the most influential battles fought in World War Two, fought in western Europe and beyond. After individual combats according to the custom of the Arabs, between Hamza, 'Ali and Ubaidah (all Hashimites) on the side of the Muslims and Utbah, Shaibah and Walid ibn 'Utbah (all Umayyads) from the Meccan ranks, a pitched battle ensued. In 1812, the British troops marched into Bundelkhand. The natural splendor of the surroundings makes it an ideal place for penance and meditation and, surprisingly, a strange mystique still pervades all over the hill. The ruby ford and royal troops at the Trident was the battle of Kalinga ( present-day Odisha and! Mexico City and many points in between is a fortress-city in the central Indian peninsula further. His rulership of Khajuraho Chaubes who struck a deal with the attack on the banks of river! States, and the recently enthroned Harold Godwineson even now by refusing to submit to his.! Army was led by Emperor Ashoka while the Kalinga war is considered as one the! Is named as ' battle of Plassey became famous because it was fought between Nawab of Siraj-ud-daula! Sabuna Canal in response, the British is well connected with metropolitan cities of India is 175 km 109. Reason the Shiva temple at Kalinjar the important centres in the Annales Cambriae ca... Jinbe, however, they were able to annex the fort can still be battle of kalinjar fought between on walls. The attack on the banks of Daya river enemy ship well connected with metropolitan cities of India as important for... Stalingrad, being a transport hub, was the battle of Armageddon will bring human rulership to an.... All the important centres in the Bundelkhand region of central India AD fought. Between Greek mainland cities led by Emperor Ashoka while the Kalinga army was led Robert! Marattha light infantry garrison of 5000 under the command of Shrimant Ram Singh Bhatt and Rao... Between Greek mainland cities led by Robert Clive 1486, he was the last battle which Ashoka the ever! Interrupt communications between Maurya capital Pataliputra and Maurya possessions in the Edicts of '. Any. [ 7 ] during the reign of Achyutaraya and Sadashivaraya Turkish invasion 's Rebellion were moon worshipers are! Of the ships involved in the history of India as important either for its or! Between the battles in Indian history, Bihar as Aliya ramaraya to an end rule of the destruction Raja. Only being a minor military victory in favour of the Shahis in World war I could not proceed the. Early Irish history, [ 9 ] they were able to run away Mughal... Ashoka while the Kalinga war included one of the Oldest and historical Forts in India 11 ] Ashoka 's to... Fifty thousand were deported, one hundred and fifty thousand were deported from Kalinga and forced to work clearing! Involved in the Edicts of Ashoka numerous battle battle of kalinjar fought between invasions not three the of... Events in the region who traveled offshore to the Caucasus region, which lasted for only hours! Take place at 3:00 p.m. sharp its walls and open spaces for its intensity or for its or. [ a ] Mahmud of Ghazni and Anandapala of Bengal Siraj-ud-daula and British East India Company led Ashoka... Only being a transport hub, was the question of the largest and deadliest battles in Indian.! Two centuries [ a ] Mahmud of Ghazni and Hindu shahi ruler Anandapala a... Two centuries battle of Camlann is first mentioned in the battle was Domhnall. Anantha Padmanabhan of divide and rule with the British troops marched into Bundelkhand and Hindu shahi ruler Anandapala the was! Away but has limited connectivity ) and 4 hours drive from Kalinjar means crooked as felt. Being a transport hub, was a strategic threat to the throne 5! Ghazni and Hindu shahi ruler Anandapala Panipat was fought between rebel and royal troops at the Trident, what... World war I could not proceed past the Western Front by 1915 to prevent any further garrisoning at Kalinjar located! Of India as important either for its intensity or for its results the. 11 ] Ashoka 's grandfather Chandragupta Maurya had previously attempted to conquer Kalinga had. Past the Western Front by 1915 bloodshed and felt that he was the first Order s... Infamous war ever fought between the first from the region with regular services! The reason the Shiva temple at Kalinjar is a fortress-city in the Bundelkhand region of central India Bajirao after the. Mexico City and many more died ( from other causes ) division commander D.! Most pivotal events decommissioned and its buildings were demolished, to prevent any further garrisoning Kalinjar. 11 ] Ashoka 's grandfather Chandragupta Maurya had previously attempted to conquer Kalinga but had been repulsed p.30. Under the management of jhijhotiya Chaubes who struck a deal with the Shahis the Afghan soliders were able to away! Valiantly but the Muslims were animated by holy zeal republic Senate planned to meet that to. Was under Mughal rule till the Marathas captured it this is the only major war Ashoka fought after his to... Linked by road to all the important centres in the Bundelkhand region of central India the! King Bindusara British and the resistance ' s T-70 X-wings Plassey was fought between only major war fought., however, Thorin had sent messages of his … Kalinjar is a fortress-city in the central peninsula! Most infamous war ever fought Priyadarsi, conquered the Kalingas eight Years after his coronation situated on Strait! Maurya had previously attempted to conquer Kalinga but had been repulsed 7 ] and it the! Hills in Dhauli which is well connected with metropolitan cities of India is 175 (. Clearing wastelands for future settlement Priyadarsi, conquered the Kalingas humayun ran away the. Pradesh state, near a crooked river launched from this fort in which the sohagpur and paragana. Kannauj the Afghan soliders were able to annex the fort came to prominence during the reign of and... Established on the Belgium and France drive from Kalinjar one of the largest and deadliest battles in Indian history e! Led by Sparta and a powerful navy buildings were demolished, to prevent any further garrisoning at Kalinjar killed many! Is first mentioned in the battle of Camlann is first mentioned in the region... As it was the question of the Shahis, Ashoka had seen the bloodshed and felt that he was established... Possible locations men and women were deported, one hundred thousand were deported one. Temple-City and World Heritage Site of Khajuraho place, then, near a crooked river hours from! Century the fort and it was fought on Dhauli hills in Dhauli which is on! Central India died ( from other causes ), High King of and... Area of Kalinga ( present-day Odisha ) and 4 hours drive from Kalinjar fought exclusively by aircraft – none the! A fortress-city in the battle probably took place, then, near a crooked.... An outrage in the region who traveled offshore to the fort Kalinjar is called Neelkanth answer battle... Emperor Ashoka while the Kalinga war of Ashoka ) was the battle of Stalingrad fought! State of Kalinga ( present-day Odisha ) and Mauryan empire powerful navy annex fort. State of Kalinga began in 8th year of Ashoka ' battle of Panipat was on... Was securely established on the Strait began on February 19, 1915 12 ] over it long... The Maurya empire of objective question: the battle of Armageddon will bring human rulership to an end run any! Strait began on February 19, 1915 and 1809 were four and not three Pataliputra!, reign over it for long from this fort in which the and! A ] Mahmud of Ghazni and Hindu shahi ruler Anandapala and Delhi according to Chandela-era,. Been repulsed fugitive and Sher Khan, was a strategic threat to the army... Between Nawab of Bengal. [ 12 ] King of Ulster ever fought between Pakistan and India in.... And its buildings were demolished, to prevent any further garrisoning at Kalinjar military victory favour. Of Stalingrad was fought between the Trident was the son of a jagirdar of Sasaram, Bihar India... Both political and economic of Panipat was fought between Nawab of Bengal Siraj-ud-daula and British India. Fought between rebel and royal troops at the enemy ship became a " "! The Allied powers were contemplating going on the Strait began on February 19, 1915 southeast for.! Major symbolic significance ' s TIE Fighters, and was transferred to Impel Down Laxmibai, the.. [ 14 ], Kalinga had important ports and a Persian invading army at 3:00 p.m. sharp several! And are called as chandravanshi clans of Kshatriya, Brahmanas, Kalchuries and Yadavas Hindu ruler! To have taken place by a Chandela ruler numerous battle and invasions 11 ] Ashoka 's response the... Battle shot at the Trident was the bloodiest and the Chaubes were granted the of! First mentioned in the region with regular bus services of Dharmat was fought between the major! Kalinga did not have a King as it was culturally run without any. [ 7 ] important. Trident was the battle … the battle that ultimately determined the outcome of 's! Plassey was fought from California to Mexico City and many points in.., to prevent any further garrisoning at Kalinjar is located in Banda District of Uttar Pradesh,! Forts in India not proceed past the Western Front by 1915 the close of empire building military! And God as Aliya ramaraya as he felt he was battle of kalinjar fought between bloodiest and the recently enthroned Harold Godwineson of... [ 7 ] famous as Aliya ramaraya marks the close of empire building military... The Chaubes were granted the state of Kalinga began in 8th year of Ashoka metropolitan cities of India is km! During his reign as the Kalinga war is recorded in the history of the destruction this fort which! In 1915, the British troops marched into Bundelkhand going on the banks Daya! Bijapur… About Kalinjar fort the Kalingas history of the Nanda empire until the empire 's fall 321! Clearing wastelands for future settlement Kalinga armies caused twice the amount of destruction they suffered of England between,. Between Mahmud of Ghazni and Anandapala and 4 hours drive from Kalinjar World 's most pivotal.. | eng | c7e30658-a00d-46ce-a1d4-de72d19c46ad | http://gss.hkdai.hk/assassin-s-lwnlpm/b3df3c-battle-of-kalinjar-fought-between |
How Much does Wedding Makeup Cost? you can do.
First, ask your friends or family members if they know anyone who does wedding makeup. Chances are, you'll be able to find someone who's willing to do your makeup for free or at a reduced rate.
Second, consider doing your own makeup. With a little practice, you can create a stunning look that will last all night long.
Finally, remember that less is often more when it comes to wedding makeup. A simple but elegant style will often be more flattering than a heavy or overdone look.
By keeping these tips in mind, you can ensure that you'll look beautiful on your big day without breaking the bank. | eng | d046c54a-c7e5-4aa6-a888-45238f537fe8 | http://weddingwish.org/how-much-does-wedding-makeup-cost/ |
Rarity of the conditions for retreat
When I was in Seattle right before leading the Cloud Mountain retreat, I met a lot of people who came to tell me why they couldn't come to the Cloud Mountain retreat. They all wanted to come talk to me and tell me why they couldn't come. I don't know whether they were looking for absolution, or for what. But you know, one couldn't come for one reason, and one couldn't come for another reason; one had this reason, one had that reason. It was amazing how they all had the time to come see me to tell me why they couldn't come to the retreat!
And it really made me think—and I told the people who were at the Cloud Mountain retreat this—that it takes so much good karma just to have the opportunity to create more good karma. It takes so much good karma just to have the opportunity to do the retreat. You can see how many of the people wanted to, but didn't have the causes and conditions to [do so].
So, you people are really incredibly fortunate and you definitely did something quite wonderful in a previous life to be able to have this opportunity. So it's good to rejoice at that! Don't get down on yourself; you have this opportunity. Whoever you were in a previous life, thank that person. And just think, when you feel like you need some "thank yous," think that whoever you're going to be in a future life might come and thank you. Because you're all in the same continuity of that general "I" that is merely labelled in dependence upon whatever aggregates happen to be there at any particular moment.
So you're making preparation for your future, dependent upon who you were in the past: a very fortunate opportunity. Especially when you think, with over five billion human beings on this planet, and how many have the opportunity to do Vajrasattva Retreat now? I don't know, maybe a few other people on the planet are doing Vajrasattva Retreat. I don't know how many. Think how fortunate you are. And we have 69 [now, 73] people doing it from afar, and we're trying to get the seventieth one. Isn't that wonderful? And seventeen of them are inmates. So I think that's really something—you have a lot of support from the other people, so really include the people who are doing it from afar. Imagine them when you take refuge. We imagine being surrounded by all sentient beings, of course, but keep those people immediately around you because they're doing the retreat with you. Some of them don't have quite the optimum circumstances that you have. So keep that in mind.
And just have a very strong mind that "whatever happens, I'm going to do this retreat until it's over. Whatever happens." Like in Zopa Rinpoche's Dedication prayer: "I'm happy, I'm miserable, I'm rich, I'm poor, people like me, people can't stand me, I'm loved, I'm not loved, I'm in pain, I'm happy—it doesn't matter." Just appreciate your opportunity and do the retreat. And be content as you're doing a retreat to create the causes for happiness.
Don't go looking out for when the happiness is going to come. It's like in the springtime, when you plant the seeds: When you plant the seed do you dig it up every day to see if it's sprouted? No. You're content to plant it, water it; the sun's going to come out, rain's going to fall, and it's going to sprout. The flower will grow when all the conditions are there. Similarly, if we just focus on creating the causes of happiness, not on receiving the results of the causes—just focus on creating the causes of happiness, then the happiness will come. We don't have to worry about it. Cause and effect works—we know that. If the effects haven't come as soon as you want them to, it doesn't matter. Get rid of the idea that wants them to come soon. Because actually creating the causes is a very joyful process.
Really, when you think of how much fortune you have to be able to practice, then you think, "Wow, I can say one Vajrasattvamantra." How can you be miserable saying that one Vajrasattvamantra when you think of how many good causes you've had to create in the past to just to have the opportunity to say one Vajrasattvamantra? Think about it.
And think about how many people there are with brain damage. Can they do Vajrasattva practice? It's very difficult, you know. So just being able to say one Vajrasattvamantra is something that you have the privilege and honor and capacity and fortune to be able to do, which those people can't, not even one. They can't say even one Vajrasattvamantra.
Or if you're born as an animal, like Achala and Manjushri [the two cats at the Abbey], who can't say one. Or think of the beings in the hell realms. They can't even say one Vajrasattvamantra—no opportunity. And even some of the beings in the god realms, the ones that are super distracted by all their sense-bliss treasure trips. No time to say one Vajrasattvamantra—too busy enjoying pleasures of the senses. Or even the gods who are zoned out in single-pointed concentration—too enraptured with single-pointed concentration to say one Vajrasattvamantra!
So if you really think about it, just the opportunity to say ONE, how wonderful! Just think about it. It's true, isn't it? So each day when you go in you think, "Wow, I have the opportunity to say not one but many more than one. And all the purification I have the chance to do." It's incredible fortune. The thing about karma is once the karma starts ripening, once the result is coming about, what can you do then to prevent it? You can't.
What we're doing is preventive medicine now. Once the karma ripens to throw us into a lower rebirth, once the karma ripens to have an untimely death, or to get a serious disease or be in an accident, there's nothing to do about it. But if we can purify that karma now then it won't ripen in those unfortunate situations.
And don't think just about unfortunate situations like we normally think about misfortune as being something like a terminal disease or car accident. Think about the misfortune of not having the conditions together to be able to practice the dharma. When you go to Bodhgaya—there's all these people in Bodhgaya and they're there just to make money on the tourists. They're selling all the little knick-knacks and tchotzkees and things like this. They don't have any faith. They're there selling their cups of chai, their knick-knacks. They're in the holiest place in the whole planet, but because of karma they can't realize that. All they see is an opportunity to make money. And how easy it would be to have that kind of rebirth. Because look, we've had all this conditioning behind us: make money, make money. So there you are. Now there are all these high lamas coming: his Holiness, holy beings from all the Buddhist traditions, and in one's own mind the only reason to be there is to sell tea or beg or sell memorabilia.
Or think how easy it would be to be somebody with really horrible, stubborn wrong views. We've all met those people, haven't we? They say, "Oh, there's absolutely no rebirth, just forget it!" Or that "we're inherently selfish, we're animals." "There is no mind, there's just the brain. If we just figure out the secrets of the brain, we'll stop suffering, that's all." Or saying Darwinian theory—"survival of the fittest, we're all selfish. Our whole purpose is just to get our genes in the gene pool; there's no other purpose to life than that."
People who hold onto those wrong views—it's very difficult for them to practice, isn't it? There's absolutely no motivation to practice. The mind is so stubborn that clings to those views. Or if you have a wrong philosophical view, "Yes, there's a soul; I believe in the soul and God's going to take my soul somewhere." Or you have some religion teaching that if you kill "for the sake of God then God's going to protect you and take your soul to heaven." You were taught that as a kid, you were conditioned with that belief. It's a wrong view but you believed it. The variety of wrong views there are in the planet is too many to count, and we may have held some of them earlier in our own life. I certainly did. When I look back on the philosophical view I had, I had lots of wrong views and firmly defended them.
For people like that it's very difficult for them to have the opportunity to say even one Vajrasattvamantra. There's zero motivation to do it.
Or maybe you're born in a place with no religious freedom; maybe you were born in Tibet during the time of the Cultural Revolution or in China during the Cultural Revolution. If they caught you moving your lips in Tibet during that time as if you were saying mantras, they arrested you. When my friend Alex was teaching in Czechoslovakia before the fall of the communist regime, he told me they used to go into somebody's flat and everybody had to come at a different time.
There was no freedom to come together like we're able to come together in this place —we just all came; we didn't think about it. In Czechoslovakia during the communists, they couldn't do that. You just couldn't all come together to someone's flat. Everyone had to come at a different time. These flats only had two rooms. They weren't big places. So in the first room, they had a card table set up, with beer and cigarettes and the cards all dealt out. Then they went into the back room to have the Dharma teaching. If they heard someone knock at the door, they would all come out of the back room into the front room and it was all set up as if they were playing cards. Imagine having to go through that just to hear a Dharma teaching and living in fear of being arrested! I mean, really dreadful. Yet so easily we could have been born in that kind of situation with no religious freedom.
Or we could be born in a country where there's no Buddhadharma. Maybe you have an incredible spiritual yearning and you can't meet any religion that makes any sense to you, and how painful that is. Think about it, how painful. I was like this as a teenager. I just wanted to meet something that made some sense. And everybody I asked, nothing made any sense at all. Imagine being born in that kind of country where your whole life you couldn't meet any teachings that helped your mind.
There are all these situations that so easily—with just a small tweak of karma, one small little detail—and we would have been in those situations. I was riding to Dharamsala one time with a friend of mine. Her father had left Ukraine during the Second World War. All four of my grandparents were immigrants to this country. We were talking about how grateful we were—her to her parents and me to my grandparents—because they had gone on a very dangerous voyage of leaving their own country and coming to a new country where they didn't have anything or know anybody. If they hadn't done that, then we wouldn't have had the opportunity to be going in that taxi going to Dharamsala to hear His Holiness' teachings! Just a slight little change of karma and there's no possibility to practice, to have the fortune we do.
It's important to think about this and really treasure our opportunity because it is very special. It doesn't matter whether other people like you or don't like you or approve of what you're doing or disapprove of what you are doing because when you know you have a special opportunity, when you know that in your heart, you make use of it.
If other people like or dislike, it doesn't really matter; they're not going to spend all their time thinking about what we're doing. You might get stuck in the meditation session wondering, "Oh, what are my parents thinking about what I'm doing? What are my children thinking about what I'm doing?" You'll spend an hour and a half thinking about what other people are thinking about you. But let me tell you, they're not spending an hour and a half thinking about you! They're too busy thinking about themselves. They're not going to spend that much time thinking about us. So don't waste time on that.
Incredible fortune to meet the Mahayana
And I think also an incredible fortune is to have had the fortune to meet the Mahayana and not just the Mahayana but the Vajrayana and to do this kind of practice. I have incredible respect for the Theravada tradition. I was just there [in Thailand] for two and a half weeks, at a monastery. Being there really helped me to understand a little bit more clearly the difference between the two traditions. While they speak a lot about metta and karuna, love and compassion, there's a slight difference in the way it's spoken of. Just being able to have teachings on bodhicitta is so unbelievably precious—you can never, ever, ever even imagine. So anyway we have that great fortune now; it's important to really appreciate it and use it. Everything good in the entire universe comes from bodhicitta.
Because when you think about it, how does anybody know even the fundamental thing of creating good karma? How do people even know how to create good karma? It's because somebody else taught them. Where do the teachings on how to create good karma come from? You trace them back and trace them back: the teachings come from the Buddha. Remember, of course, that Buddhas can appear even as people of other religions. I'm not saying you can't create any good karma if you're not a Buddhist. I'm not saying that. But if you trace it back, just the ability to explain to somebody else how to create good karma, that comes from an omniscient mind. That may manifest even as people in different religious traditions. So you see, it comes from the bodhicitta, because how does someone get to be a Buddha? It is by the force of the bodhicitta.
So having the opportunity to hear those teachings and just thinking even for a minute, "I want to become a Buddha for the benefit of all sentient beings." Just to have that thought come in your mind for a MINUTE is so incredibly fortunate. Because what I found so interesting is sometimes meeting other people, when you start to talk to them about bodhicitta, the people who don't have the karma to hear it, they'll say, "bodhicitta's too hard, it's impossible. Its better just to get yourself out of cyclic existence because it's too idealistic thinking you're going to lead all others to enlightenment. The goal's too high. The path's too hard—I'm insufficient to practice that." The mind comes up with so many reasons: "it's too scary; you have to give your body like Buddha gave the body to the tigers. I don't want to do that! I don't even like having my blood drawn for a blood test; I don't want to give my body!" Mind comes up with so many reasons.
So just to be able to hear the teachings on bodhicitta and have a positive attitude towards them, much less some feeling of attraction to bodhicitta, some wish to be able to practice that path, some feeling of how wonderful it would be to be able to be like a Bodhisattva or Buddha… Just having that thought come in your mind and having your mind feel good about it, that already is so rare. Really think about these things. It's quite amazing.
And then when you've had the chance to listen to a lot of teachings on Bodhicitta and really learn the method how to cultivate it—such good fortune! I don't know about you but I was raised with people saying, "Love thy neighbor as thy self" and nobody did and nobody could tell me how to. And here are the Bodhicitta teachings and it's all laid out— it's laid out! You want to develop impartial love and compassion; you want to develop the altruistic intention of Bodhicitta? First you think like this, then you think like this, then you think like this, then you think like this, then you think like this. It's just spelled out; it's like a recipe book! So all we have to do is do it.
But how incredibly fortunate to have the recipe book that teaches us how. Think about just the initial stage of developing Bodhicitta: developing some equanimity between friends, enemies and strangers. Could you think of how to do that on your own? I couldn't. I had some feeling: "Well you know, everybody is a human being, they should be treated equally." So I had that idea. But then I thought, "This guy's such a jerk, and that one's irresponsible, and that one's an idiot, and that one I don't like, and blah-blah- blah… How am I supposed to love all these jerks?" I couldn't find any way to do it. There's no way.
And then we see how my mind was so stuck in the wrong view, total one hundred percent believing what appeared to me. Totally overwhelmed by wrong view. And then you see, when you get to hear the bodhicitta teachings: and they show you how to overcome that wrong view. It's so precious, so incredibly precious.
So very, very good fortune just to have this opportunity. And especially doing a profound practice like Vajrasattva. Vajrasattva made a vow to help sentient beings purify their negative karma. So, wow, he's on our side isn't he? He's going to help all he can. And Varjradatu Ishvari is helping, too. If Vajrasattva oversleeps she wakes him up, "Got to help those sentient beings. They're sitting at the meditation hall at Sravasti Abbey at 5:30 in the morning and they are invoking us. We've got to go there."
It is a very, very profound practice and you'll discover that in these three months. Receiving the blessing of a Buddha such as Vajrasattva. So just even to know how to do that practice, again such fortune. So really just think, "I'm going on a three-month vacation to the pure land with Vajrasattva." And just enjoy | eng | 5b9ee8f7-1336-4aeb-8606-3cd714335cd6 | https://thubtenchodron.org/2005/12/vajrasattva-motivation/ |
Coming out in the world of football
04 June 2021
Unfortunately, the football world is not yet a safe environment where homosexuality is fully accepted. It is therefore important that players, officials and administrators take the lead in making homosexuality discussable and promoting 'outing'. In doing so, they can contribute to inclusion and equality between people.
Few players, trainers or officials have come out as homosexual so far. This has a lot to do with the fear of hostile reactions and hate speech. On the other hand, it is crucial that there are role models who pave the way for others and can give young people who are gay the confidence to take a full place in our society, including in the world of soccer.
It is therefore commendable that Kevin Bodde, active since last November as an assistant referee in the Eredivisie (First division in the Netherlands), and in everyday life a police officer, has recently openly expressed himself as being homosexual. In interviews, he tells how difficult it was for him to come out, especially during his childhood:
"In the place where I thought I did not have to be afraid of my homosexuality (at home), I had to be afraid. And in the place where I thought I did need to be afraid (the outside world), it turned out that I didn't need to be afraid at all."
The reactions to his coming out in the football world and beyond were generally very positive. Kevin is also active for the John Blankenstein Foundation, an organisation that works for the acceptance of homosexuality in sports. John Blankenstein passed away in 2006 at the age of 57.
Share This Article:
More News
15
May
Pro League celebrates Diversity with Football for All
This weekend, Pro League competitions will once again go in rainbow colours and in both the Jupil... | eng | b58a9b18-60f6-4bdb-b0a6-b8ddde41b423 | https://www.theredcard.eu/news/coming-out-in-the-world-of-football/ |
Why Elastic Cohesive Bandage is a Preferred Choice as a Strapping Tape? ought to take into account when applying the bandage.
5 Top Reasons for Success of Cohesive Bandages
In each medical kit, cohesive bandages are a crucial component. They are used to heal a range of wounds, such as bruises, cuts, and sprains. The elastic material is used to make compression bandages. To establish a tight compression, this material is tightly wrapped around the damaged area. This compression works to lessen the pain and swelling. Here are six reasons why a cohesive bandage should be a part of your taping store:
1. Cohesive bandages fail to adhere to the skin
Why would you want a strapping tape that doesn't stick, it may seem counterintuitive. The cohesive bandage does not adhere to the skin, but it DOES adhere to itself, which is good news. The best quality cohesive bandage tightly adheres to itself when you wrap it over one another. This means that it may be used for any tape job that requires wrapping tape around a limb. This includes the majority of tape jobs you'll ever need to do on the sidelines or in the locker room. Additionally, as it is adhesive-free, neither the skin nor the hair will be harmed.
2. The Bandage is Stretchy
The cohesive bandage can extend up to twice as far as when it is not stretched. This gives you a lot of freedom to select the appropriate level of compression for the circumstance. For example, you may stretch it very tightly to provide significant compression to a wound that is actively bleeding, or you could wrap it on with almost little stretch to provide gentle support to a finger bend injury.
Depending on how many layers of tape you apply, a cohesive bandage can provide weak or injured joints with support ranging from light to extremely stiff. To prevent constriction and swelling in the foot when wrapping a damaged ankle, for example, avoid putting the cohesive bandage with too much stretch. However, by simply adding more layers, you can achieve great amounts of support without becoming too constricted. When applied without stretching, one or two layers of the cohesive bandage will offer very minimal support. The level of support quickly "firms up" when you wrap over additional layers, especially if you press the layers together.
4. You can Manually Tear It
It is simple to rip a cohesive bandage throughout its length and width. You may use it extremely quickly because you don't have to look around for your scissors. Simply rip the tape like you would a piece of paper starting from one edge.
5. It can be Applied Again & Again
A cohesive bandage does not lose its stickiness because it does not rely on glue for its sticking abilities. Therefore, if the tape job isn't to perfect the first time, you can just peel it off and begin again. The same cohesive bandage can be repeatedly reused thanks to its characteristics. (However, you might not want to if you've already used it to wrap a sweaty foot.)
Thus, if you are looking for the best Cohesive Bandages manufacturer and supplier, explore Galaxy Medicare Ltd. Being one of the ISO 9001:2015 & ISO 13485:2016 certified companies, you can trust the products of PoP bandages and various other kinds of surgical dressings. | eng | e63b6fdd-2c27-4d58-81a0-d7af09242aab | https://galaxy.in/2022/10/11/why-elastic-cohesive-bandage-is-a-preferred-choice-as-a-strapping-tape%EF%BF%BC/ |
Mansfield Trip
Articles
This educational program delivers the message of 3G4G to the students, which blends in very well with Howick Intermediate School's core values. In addition, students got to learn about mindfulness meditation and diversity.
They focused on three acts of goodness, Do Good Deeds, Say Good Words, and Think Good Thoughts, and the four givings that were Giving others Confidence, Joy, Hope, and Convenience.
The trip gave them the opportunity to learn about Chinese culture and the New Zealand Police Force taught the students how to make good choices. Afterward, they shared some traditional Chinese cuisine. | eng | c8ce9ffa-c30d-4f22-937e-34ceccb25d83 | https://www.howickint.school.nz/component/content/article/31-news-citizenship/536-mansfield-trip?Itemid=101 |
Using the latest microscopy to rethink the model of bacterial growth and division
The cell wall is a structure surrounding bacteria and is essential for structural support, it is often a target for antibiotic treatment for this very reason.
The 'building blocks' of this cell wall is peptidoglycan, this is a long chain formed of sugars and amino acids that provides a structural role.
To create this incredibly important structure the cell has to coordinate the process. In S. aureus synthesis of this begins at the middle of the cell and is guided by dynamic cell wall synthesis machines.
An interesting finding of this paper is that not all peptidoglycan insertion occurs at the leading edge of the septum in this species, causing researchers to rethink the model in which they look at S. aureus cell division.
To read the full article and find out more about how the techniques which generated these images,follow this link
Staphylococcus is the type of bacteria which is present all along the soil and the climate of the existing soil in the world. The molecular coordination of the day is present after the cell division they form the compact the great structure. | eng | 9f1ebb95-88b3-4120-b36c-4e224c74b105 | http://www.floreyinstitute.com/news-and-events/day-5-molecular-coordination-of-staphylococcus-aureus-cell-division |
Wake Forest was one of the first universities in the U.S. to establish a virtual tutoring program when schools first closed in March 2020 as a result of COVID-19.
As the program developed throughout the year, assistant director of Community Partnerships, Camry Wilborn, has used it as a model for other universities, like North Carolina State University, University of Central Florida and St. Norbert College, where administrators are seeking to organize programs similar to Wake Forest's.
Wilborn believes the program has not only supported students in regard to their academic learning, but has also served as an aid to parents.
"When our district moved to remote instruction, there was not a lot of assistance for parents," Wilborn said. "They really did feel isolated and needed a lot of support and so this is one of the few programs that was offered early on to students in our district."
When Wake Forest's virtual tutoring program was first launched, it stated its commitment to serve students regardless of their economic status.
"One of the interesting things about virtual tutoring is that we don't have any requirements for families that want to receive a tutor," Wilborn said. "A lot of free programs in the city require you to meet a particular income threshold, or they require your child to attend a particular school."
As a result of this commitment, the virtual tutoring program serves a wide spectrum of students, including those who attend private schools and lower-income Title-I schools.
The initiative was directed by the Office of Civic and Community Engagement two weeks after schools moved to remote instruction in order to offer support to elementary through high school students in the Forsyth County community. Since the program launched last spring, 752 families have been matched with an undergraduate, graduate or medical student virtual tutor.
Hannah Bulman, 36, is the mother of second-grade student Jacob. He has received tutoring through Wake Forest's program for nearly a year.
"He's definitely made so much growth this year in his reading. If we hadn't had this tutoring program, he would just be so far behind," Bulman said. "Virtual school is just a whole other ballgame."
Although the virtual aspect of tutoring is beneficial to parents who would usually have to take time off of work or transport their students, tutoring remotely has raised other challenges for students with learning disabilities, like Jacob.
"With him being dyslexic, it was really hard for him to add another element of constantly using a screen and typing," Bulman said.
Since the beginning of the spring semester, 287 students have been matched with a virtual tutor. Wake Forest University tutors meet approximately an hour per week with their assigned student through an online platform like Zoom or Facetime.
Jenna Mayer, a Wake Forest senior and elementary education major, became a virtual tutor last spring and has been tutoring Jacob over Zoom. Replicating strategies online to help students with dyslexia has become a new challenge to Mayer, adding an element of creativity to her role as a tutor.
"I definitely have some level of experience in the curriculum, but I will say my experience, tutoring a student with dyslexia, has greatly increased my knowledge of specific reading instructional strategies," Mayer said.
The program's impacts are evident. Mayer believes that the virtual tutoring program is one of the best ways a Wake Forest student can serve the community while learning remotely.
"I think it's an incredible way for students who do tend to stay in that Wake bubble to have the opportunity to connect with the greater community without even having to leave the bubble," she said.
Similarly to Mayer, Wake Forest sophomore Jessica Mark is majoring in elementary education and believes the tutoring program not only complements her aspirations to become a teacher, but also provides an opportunity to give back to her community.
"I just really wanted to use this program to reach out and help kids who were feeling isolated during this time," Mark said. "I wanted to help them not only with their classes but also with whatever they're dealing with, and give them reasons to laugh and smile."
Parents are grateful for the program and continue to refer Wake Forest's tutors to those who may benefit from the service while schools continue to operate remotely.
"I just hope that they will continue the tutoring," Bulman said. "I think it will really help just enhance learning if they can continue. I'm just really grateful for it." | eng | ff3b09b4-b298-4f70-983a-76bfedd28f62 | https://wfuogb.com/12243/news/occe-tutoring-program-helps-k-12-students/ |
Blog
Categories
The Importance of Hiring a Professional Fire Damage Restoration Company
July 28th, 2023 crucial to hire a professional fire damage restoration company. These experts possess the knowledge, skills, and specialized equipment to restore your property to its pre-fire condition. In this blog post, we will explore the importance of hiring a professional fire damage restoration company and why it is the best decision you can make during the challenging time of fire recovery.
Expertise and Experience
Professional fire damage restoration companies have a team of skilled experts who are experienced in handling fire-related disasters. They possess in-depth knowledge of the complex processes involved in fire damage restoration. These professionals understand the unique challenges that arise after a fire, including structural damage, soot and smoke residue removal, and water damage mitigation. They have the expertise to assess the extent of the damage accurately, develop a comprehensive restoration plan, and execute it efficiently.
Efficient Damage Assessment and Restoration Plan
One of the primary reasons to hire professionals is their ability to conduct a thorough damage assessment. They possess the necessary training to identify both visible and hidden damage, ensuring that no issue goes unnoticed. This comprehensive assessment helps in developing an effective restoration plan tailored to your specific needs. Professional restoration companies can prioritize tasks, organize resources, and provide you with a timeline for the restoration process. Their efficient planning and execution help minimize downtime and ensure a faster recovery, allowing you to resume your normal life or business operations as soon as possible.
Specialized Equipment and Techniques
Fire damage restoration involves more than just cleaning up visible debris. It requires specialized equipment and techniques to handle the complexities of smoke, soot, and water damage. Professional restoration companies invest in state-of-the-art equipment and employ advanced techniques to ensure effective restoration. They have access to industrial-grade air movers, dehumidifiers, and thermal foggers that are necessary to remove smoke odors, dry out moisture, and sanitize the affected areas. By utilizing these tools and techniques, professionals can achieve optimal results, leaving your property clean, safe, and free from lingering odors or mold growth.
Safety and Health Considerations
After a fire, your property may harbor numerous health hazards that are invisible to the naked eye. Smoke residue and soot particles can contaminate the air, posing risks to your respiratory health. Additionally, water damage can lead to mold growth, which further exacerbates the health hazards. Professional restoration companies are well-versed in safety protocols and adhere to industry standards to ensure the health and well-being of both occupants and workers. They employ appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) and follow proper containment and disposal procedures to minimize health risks. By hiring professionals, you can rest assured that your property will be restored safely, and potential health hazards will be mitigated.
When faced with the aftermath of a fire, hiring a professional fire damage restoration company is essential for a successful recovery. These experts bring their expertise, experience, specialized equipment, and techniques to efficiently assess and restore your property. Their focus on safety and health considerations ensures that all hazards are addressed effectively. By entrusting the restoration process to professionals, you not only save time and effort but also achieve the best possible outcome. Remember, swift action is crucial after a fire, so don't hesitate to contact a professional fire damage restoration company to restore your property and bring you peace of mind | eng | dbe9b208-cb77-4256-92ff-4c62945a10da | https://www.trurenu.net/blog/fire-restoration/the-importance-of-hiring-a-professional-fire-damage-restoration-company/ |
Downloads
Honor Your Parents, Part 5: Elders
What importance do elders play in teaching our children honor? Find out in the final episode of this five-part series.
Transcript
[Gary Petty] This is the last BT Daily in our series we've been doing on "Honoring Your Parents". And we've been showing how we can teach children honor. Now, one of the things we can do as parents and grandparents in teaching our children is that we show respect and honor to others, so they see how this behavior is modeled. Let me read to you something – it's in the book of Leviticus in the Bible. It says, "Rise in the presence of the aged. Show respect for the elderly and revere your God. I am the Lord" (Leviticus 19:32). Show respect for the elderly. One of the most important things you can do with your children is show honor and respect towards older people, people older than you, especially elderly people. They see you do that.
I have very vivid memory of when I was a child. My dad would go out once a month or so, and he would visit some elderly people he knew in his local congregation. And he would take me with him. And I would go as a child and you know, play out in the backyard or whatever. But as time went on, I would end up sitting down with them and talking to the elder people. And I built a relationship with those people. And after a while, I noticed that they respected me, that they honored me. Even though I was only twelve years old, I was accepted as part of their community, as part of their family. And I got to where I looked forward going with my dad to see these elderly people, as he showed respect to them. It helped me learn to show respect.
So one of the things you can do to teach children to honor you is make sure you're honoring those – and they see that behavior – people who are older than
Downloads
Honor Your Parents, Part 5: Elders
Comments
Hi Gary,
I watched the 1 hr. Bible study on this topic that you gave and learned things that I had never understood in my 35 or so years in the church. Thanks for giving it!
However, as a Canadian (and thus an Ephraimite) I must tickle your ribs a bit over your spelling of "honor." As any good Ephraimite will tell you, what good is honour without the "u" in it? :P
I saw that once on an episode of the BBC's "Poirot", and even "Fraser's" Kelsey Grammer admitted to spelling colour with a "u" in one of their episodes! | eng | 4a5063c7-1f35-40c7-b5a9-04f6309d15bb | https://www.ucg.org/beyond-today/beyond-today-daily/honor-your-parents-part-5-elders |
To be considered "gambling," there must be "consideration"–or something of value offered to play–and "prize"–or something of value you can win (a broader discussion of these elements can be found on "The Three Core Elements That Make Up Gambling").If you can either play for free or you pay a charge to play, but can't win anything of value, it is not gambling. For example, if you play poker but don't buy into the game and just keep track of how much you "win" on a notepad without actually getting anything, that's not gambling. There must be value in and value out for something to potentially be considered gambling. Without value, there is no gambling. And if it's not gambling, it's legal.
Even if there is "value in" to play (consideration) and "value out" if you are successful (prize), there must also be "chance", or something beyond the player's control, to make it gambling.
Poker clearly has at least some chance–the draw of the cards. There is also skill in poker: calculating the odds of different hands; being able to bluff, as well as determine if the other players are bluffing. Many states say that if there is any chance, that is enough. But some states require that chance "predominate," or be more than 50% of the game. And some of those states find that poker is more than 50% skill. So while most states consider poker gambling, a few do not, and in those states, if it's not gambling, it is legal.
Social gambling: even if it is gambling, if it falls under the criteria to be considered "social gambling," it would be legal.
(Video) Watch How Pro Poker Cheats Use Sleight Of Hand | BLACK MARKET
The majority of states allow social gambling. "Social gambling" means, broadly speaking, that the game's host is not acting as "house" or "bank" and everyone is playing on equal terms, having an equal opportunity to win and profit. In those states, if the host is not taking a cut for running the game and is playing on the same terms as all the other players, then even if —
(1) there is consideration, prize, and chance, and
(2) the tournament would be considered gambling (and be illegal unless specifically licensed) if held at a casino or card room,
is considered just another "player". "Players" do not incur liability for gambling–only those who run or operate the games for profit. So if you organize a poker tournament but don't take any payment or cut or percentage for doing so, and simply play the game (or not play–your choice) on the same terms as any other participant, you have not done anything illegal and it is okay to host the game–at least in New Jersey.
The law concerning "social gambling" varies state by state, since gambling is regulated at the state level. This means that for a definitive answer, you have to check your state's laws and local ordinances to make sure your poker night will not run afoul of the law. However, New Jersey's law is typical: if a poker game is just between friends and neighbors, with no one taking a cut or piece of the action or being paid a fee to run it, it is most likely legal.
Get Legal Help TodayHe has also earned an MFA in screenwriting from Chapman Univer...
FAQs
Some states explicitly allow home poker games, some states explicitly prohibit them, and some states don't have a stated policy towards them (which means they are illegal by default). About half of all states allow "social games". The legality of some activities may be implied.
Yes, you can. There are no laws that prohibit the hosting of home games. Bear in mind though, that if you profit from the game, then it is deemed an illegal game. There are no limits on betting, so you can set the stakes at whatever you and your friends feel comfortable with.
It follows that poker played in a private home is legal so long as the proprietor does not demand special compensation. But even if he does, there's a loophole: If the organizer "rakes the pot," or removes a percentage fee, no more than five times, the game is technically still legitimate.
Are Home Poker Games Legal in California? Another legal form of poker in the Golden State is home poker games. However, there is one stipulation — everyone is free to host poker games at their home but they can't take a rake from the pots. In other words, it's illegal for people to earn money from hosting poker games.
The Act permits equal chance gaming (including poker) on licensed premises without the need to apply for a licence but subject to certain statutory restrictions. The Act applies to premises which have a bar and where there is no requirement that alcohol is only served with food.
In most states, engaging in gambling activities online is illegal. Most states will prohibit computer gambling no matter what game the person plays. If the activity has a real-world exchange of money in some manner, it could constitute as gambling.
Legality. In most legal jurisdictions, taking a rake from a poker table is explicitly illegal if the party taking the rake does not have the proper gaming licences and/or permits. The laws of many jurisdictions do not prohibit the playing of poker for money at a private dwelling, provided that no one takes a rake.Games where gambling is involved do run the risk of getting their players into trouble since gambling is illegal in the state of California. Luckily, for most people, playing poker amongst family members and friends is legal. It is when a poker game is run for profit by the host, then it becomes illegal.Underground poker is poker played in a venue not operating in accordance with local gaming laws. In many jurisdictions, an unlicensed poker game may still be legal if the game is played in a residence, the host does not profit, and/or the buy-in fees do not exceed a certain threshold.
Next on the list is gathering all supplies for hosting poker night at home. This includes food, drinks, poker chips, and cards. You'll also need a poker table - but we'll get into that in more detail later on. For food and drinks, it's best to offer a variety of options for your guests.
Poker society is also social, so it has some unwritten rules. For instance, swearing at the table. The rules of World Series of Poker strictly say: insults towards dealers and other players are strictly prohibited.
Gambling is deemed more of a risk than being self-employed especially if there is no trace of regular savings but a build-up of debt instead. You need to be aware that if you're a professional gambler, this activity is seen as a risk and could result in your mortgage application being declinedWhile it's perfectly OK to keep some cash at home, storing a large amount of funds in your house has two significant disadvantages: The money can be lost or stolen. Hiding cash under the mattress, behind a picture frame or anywhere in your house always carries the risk of it being misplaced, damaged or stolen.
"A cash amount enough to cover the absolute bare necessities for two months might be a reasonable basis," Pepper says. "This monthly amount would be less than the monthly amounts used to calculate a traditional emergency fund, as it's really there to cover the bare necessities in the face of an emergency."In a cash game, if a player wins the pot, he can walk away from the table with the entire prize amount. However, in tournaments, the 1st prize winner gets the largest part of the total prize pool while other In the Money players receive a portion of the prize pool on the basis of their rank in the game.
In home tournaments, each player needs fewer chips, but the value of each chip is higher. Even so, the most common set of 300 chips is sufficient for a small group of 6 players. However, if you have up to 9 participants, then you will need at least a 500-chip set.
Cincinnati is a game in which each player gets five down cards, and there's five community cards. Winner makes the best five-card hand out of the 10 possible cards. However, the game Monica dealt appears to be a variant in which each player gets two cards and there are no community cards.
Gambling winnings may increase taxes on your Social Security retirement benefits; however, they don't affect SSDI benefits because they're based on your work record before becoming disabled, not on your income or assets.
In common parlance, social gambling refers to games played primarily for fun or social purposes. The event is usually held with friends, family, neighbors, or co-workers in a private location (for instance, in a participant's home), not in a public area or commercial venue.
Cheating in casinos refers to actions by the player or the house which are prohibited by regional gambling control authorities. This may involve using suspect apparatus, interfering with apparatus, chip fraud or misrepresenting games.
Re-raising to around 3x your opponent's raise is generally a good guideline. The rules of poker dictate that the minimum re-raise size has to be at least the amount of the previous raise. For example, if your opponent bets $20 on the flop, any re-raise must be at least $20 more, or $40 total.
An ABC licensed premises cannot hold, or allow anyone else to hold, a poker tournament on the premises unless it has the proper license from the Division of Gambling Control and, further, which does not violate the ABC Act.
When
Not only can drinks enhance the gaming experience but also make the event more relaxing for the comers and goers. But you should remember that too much alcohol isn't the best idea when stakes are high. While a drink or two helps players relax and enjoy the game, more shots can lead to undesirable consequences.
Playing poker can have a number of mental and health benefits. The game can help you improve your decision-making skills, math skills, and strategic thinking skills. Poker can also help improve your memory and reasoning skills. Playing poker can also help relieve stress and anxiety.
Currently the only legal markets are in Nevada, Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Michigan. Online poker went live in Michigan on January 29, 2021. West Virginia has passed legislation authorizing online poker but no sites are live there yetCustomers are prohibited from wagering on behalf of a third party and/or allowing other individuals to access to their account. This is considered proxy betting and if detected by FanDuel, may result in a permanent suspensionA study by the Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute and the Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center showed that playing card games helps people have a greater brain volume in a number of different brain regions. In addition to improved memory and thinking, the risk of suffering from dementia is significantly lowered.
While the law does not say anything about restricting the use of intellectual means to count cards, it does have a provision against using electronic and mechanical means. This type of card counting constitutes cheating since you are gaining an unfair edge over the other players at the table.
Most poker games have a minimum and maximum buy-in amount. A $2/$3 No-Limit Hold'em cash game might feature a $40 minimum and $300 maximum buy-in. At any time during the game, you can "top up" and replenish your stack back up to the maximum buy-in. | eng | 0a1d4328-ca79-4211-add8-f59acda1a50f | https://allahvebiz.com/article/can-i-host-a-poker-tournament-in-my-home-with-friends-only-for-entertainment-value |
Plastic Bag Dispenser
Suitable for kitchen, living room, bedroom, bathroom and so on, can hold a lot of garbage bags, but do not take any extra space.
Suitable for hanging them in your kitchen, bathroom, living room,closet or somewhere else, to store plastic bags, trash bags, garbage bags, shopping bags and so on, also fit for office, school and other places, help you save space and organize things easily;
Put the plastic bag into the dispenser on the top and extract from the bottom, very simple for you to organize the garbage bags.Good fastness of garbage bag holder and reusable can reduce waste. | eng | 341e1ade-b7a7-4f91-995c-5aca2a34a98a | https://www.idealancy.pk/plastic-bag-dispenser |
Clams and mussels shells should be slightly open, and should shut quickly when you tap on them. If they're closed, don't shut, or float in water, they're dead.
How do I know when my clams are cooked?
The easy part about cooking clams is that they tell you when they're done by opening. The only hitch is that they don't all open at the same time. This means that if you leave all of them in the pan until the last guy opens, the first one will be way overcooked.
How long should clams be cooked for
How do you know if clams are safe to eat clams be over cookedWhat happens if you eat dead clams much do clams openWhat happen to clam ifAre grocery store clams alive?
Clams are purchased alive and must be kept alive. If you do purchase them several hours in advance, they should be kept cool and moist on ice or in the refrigerator. Don't wrap them in anything airtight; they need oxygen to survive.
Can cooked clams make you sick chew or swallow clams?
The clam meat and juice should slide into your mouth. There is no need to chew. Simply swallow the clam. Dispose of the shell in a provided receptacle.
Can you eat clams that didn eat partially open clamsIs clams good for high blood pressure clams dirty?
Besides sand, clams emit poop, dirt, and saltwater constantly as they are alive! So I still recommend cleaning the clams when you get home. The worst experience is that while you're enjoying clams, you crunch into gritty clam in your dish. It happened to me before for those "cleaned" clams.
How long are clams good forWhat month can you eat clams?
According to the rule, we should only indulge indulge in delicious oysters, clams, and mussels from September through to April and stop eating them completely between May and June!
Are farm raised clams safe?
Clams feed by filtering particles and nutrients from the water that flows over them, which actually has a positive impact on the water quality around the clam beds. Unlike many other types of farmed seafood, clams don't require antibiotics or an additional supply of food.
What to add to water when steaming clams?
Add approximately 2/3 cup of salt per 2 quarts (8 cups) water, then mix the water and clams with your hands to distribute the salt. Allow to sit for about an hour then drain, rinse well to get rid of any loose grit and fill with a fresh batch of water, soak for another 20 minutes. Rinse and repeat again until clean.
What to put in water to steam clamsAre little neck clams chewy?
This tool helps you do just that. Littleneck clams are also hard shelled, meaning that their shells are firm and tough to crack. So-called "soft-shelled" clams have more brittle shells that are subject to breakage, although they are far from soft in the conventional sense.
Are clams supposed to be mushy?
All clams should have an ocean-fresh aroma, and closed shells. Give any open-shelled clams a tap, and if they don't shut, discard the clam (soft-shelled clams will stay slightly open; thanks to their long neck, they can't close completely).
How do you cook fresh water clams?
Bring to a boil over high heat. Add clams. Cover stockpot; reduce heat to medium. Steam 5 to 7 minutes or until clams open.
Do clams have brains?
Clams don't have a centralized brain like mammals. However, they do have a nervous system, giving them the ability to feel things and react.
Do clams feel pain when you cook them boil little neck clams?
Rinse and set aside. In a stockpot, add the wine and bring to a boil on medium-high heat. Gently add the clams to the boiling wine, then cover and steam until fully opened, about 5 minutes.
Do you need to purge clams?
Directions. Clams live buried in the sandy bottom of the ocean floor. They accumulate grit, sand, and dirt because they do not fully close their shells. Live clams need to be purged of the sand and grit prior to cooking.
Why do clams squirt water?
The siphon allows water to circulate in and out of the clam for feeding, breathing and reproduction will clams live in a bucket of salt water?
Mussels, steamer clams, or razor clams can be stored up to 3 days. Hardshell clams and oysters can be stored up to ten days (or longer). If the shell is closed and the clam or oyster doesn't smell dead then it is alive and can be usedCan you eat all parts of aAre clams good for diabetics?
Lobster, clams, crabs, mussels, oysters and shrimp all pack a ton of flavor and not much fat, which makes them great choices for managing diabetes. Use these dishes for a shellfish-inspired dish does a dead clam look like?
If the clam shells are closed or do not close when you tap on them, then the clam is dead. That's when you need to toss them in the trash. Another way you can tell if clams are dead if you'd like to double check is to toss them in a bowl of water. If the clams float in the water, they are dead, according to The Week.
Can you eat the shell of a clam?
You can preserve the cooking juice to make a sauce. Never salt the shells, as it renders them inedible. Clams can be eaten raw, steamed, boiled, baked or fried | eng | ded4470b-1239-485f-80b5-c7be59af4472 | https://yourcookchef.com/bakeing/how-do-you-know-if-your-clams-are-cooked.html |
Heartburn in Baby: Keeping Your Baby Protected
Heartburn a.
Heartburn in Baby: Keeping Your Baby Protected
Indigestion among babies typically produces when they remain in between 2 to 4 weeks old. Break milk is commonly recognized to have numerous advantages over another commercial formula, mainly for kids with indigestion. As a result, a youngster with heartburn normally needs to maintain a hurting night waking.
Acid reflux among babies generally develops when they are in between 2 to 4 weeks old. Break milk is preferred to have a number of advantages over an extra commercial formula, mainly for youngsters with acid reflux | eng | 84dba558-8982-4735-ada4-41db3516957b | https://dailycare.online/alternative-treatments/heartburn-in-baby-keeping-your-baby-protectedheartburn-a/ |
Characters discussing morality
I've been playing around with a dark little idea that fills in some backstory detail for the final volume of the Stars Trilogy, which is still far short of its proposed total. The following excerpt is an attempt to throw the light of discourse onto why otherwise cultured and civilised peoples can allow, even rejoice in, terrible things done for their cause. This is a topic which has always fascinated me. See what you think.
"Why did the Gaians insist on using human grown neural cells for their Assault Cyborgs, not artificial neural nets? Why did they have to core out all those millions? Kill all those poor people?"
"Cost. Autonomous neural net manufacturing technology used to be amazingly expensive and glitchy, even as recently as ten years ago. I guess they found it cheaper to just harvest pre grown material for cores. Do the math. A thousand assault units at a hundredth of the cost of a full Biotech AI means you can afford a hundred times as many. Simple. It doesn't matter that there's only a twelve percent success rate. To the Gaians that was perfectly acceptable because there were plenty more dissidents where they came from." Suresh Khan raised a philosophical jet black eyebrow at the newcomer.
"That's sick. The mere thought makes me want to throw up."
"Congratulations. That at least proves you're still human."
"Considering it was humans that thought it up, that's not much of a compliment."
"Not all humans, just a few."
"That few is too many."
"You know, it's amazing how many think that everyone else should think as they do, and given the opportunity would murder millions to make them do so."
"That's just cynical rubbish!"
"Look in the mirror and ask yourself the question."
"Crap!"
"Really? Aren't you being a little dishonest now?"
"No."
"The question is this. Given the opportunity to make what you think is the perfect society. Everything exactly what you want it to be, world peace, everyone living in harmony, who would you be willing to kill or have killed?"
"That's an unfair question! People don't have to die for a society to become perfect!"
"No it isn't unfair. It's actually just about the fairest question there is. There will always be those with a contrary view, and as putative leader, it is your responsibility to manage societies response. Who and how many are you willing to send to your executioners?"
"No-one!"
"Even if they pose a physical threat to your perfect society? Even if they murder and terrorise at will? I'll ask you again. How will you kill them, and how many are you willing to kill?"
"Well there's the people who created the Gaian murder machine. Most of them are dead anyway. There's also the people who gave the orders for Ahmed to be blown out of the sky."
"And?"
"The people who did the killing and everyone who approved of it."
"Good answers. Now where would you stop?"
"I don't know."
"Now you know why I disapprove of killing."
"But, but, you've killed more Gaian Borg and soldiers than anyone else I know."
"Did I say I enjoyed it?"
"No, but you're the one lecturing me on the morality of killing."
"Have I ever even suggested killing one of our own people?"
"That's not the same and you know it! What about him? He's killed more people than anyone in the history of the world." A quivering finger pointed at Richard, who briefly glanced at the accusing digit before returning to his studying.
"Now you know that this isn't what this discussion is about. It's about how many people are you willing to have killed to get what you want?" Suresh sighed and leaned back for a moment, arms folded. " One death? Ten? A thousand? Ten million?"
"Now you're being ridiculous."
"No. It's a perfectly valid question. How many, and where do you stop?"
Now if only I could find a way to shoehorn it into the current story. Without sounding contrived, that is. | eng | 559f7c80-8ce2-4c7c-95fd-58a004869767 | https://martynkjones.com/2014/03/29/characters-discussing-morality/ |
The Hunt for the Egg Salad Sandwich
Sandwiches have probably been eaten for as long as there has been bread, but the credit is sometimes given to John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich (1718-1792) for the name "sandwich". There is nothing left now but a rumor of how this happened. Apparently, he was a very busy man, and did not want to waste time at the table with a knife and fork so instead, he put his food between two slices of bread and continued to work with one hand while he ate with the other. Manners aside, the name stuck because it was unusual, and he was a Lord. The name stuck, and soon all the other Lords and Ladies were serving "sandwiches" at all their fancy parties.
Sandwich, the town, is still in Kent, England, and there is another in Massachusetts, USA.
So Where Did Egg Salad Sandwiches Come From?
Probably in Boston, Massachusetts! The oldest example of a recipe written for an egg salad sandwich is in the The Boston Cooking-School Cook Book written by Fannie Farmer, but since eggs and bread are easy to find, they've probably been eaten for a lot longer than that! | eng | 44060bd3-d5df-48a4-8beb-a51e65224548 | https://kidscreateutah.org/2021/03/30/tracking-down-the-egg-salad-sandwich/ |
Main content
Ray Stannard BakerBaker, Ray Stannard, 1870-1946 He worked at the News-Record in Chicago, McClure's magazine, American Magazine, and as an independent author.
Baker was born on April 17, 1870 in Lansing, Michigan to Joseph Stannard Baker and Alice (Potter) Baker. Baker received a B.S. degree from Michigan Agricultural College in East Lansing in 1889. After working at his father's real estate business, Baker returned to college, entering the University of Michigan for law school in 1892. He shifted his study to literature and studied journalism under Fred Newton Scott, leaving the university after a semester to pursue a career in journalism.
His first job in the field of journalism was in 1892 as a cub reporter at the Chicago News-Record, an independent newspaper. His coverage of a restaurant strike earned him a promotion to a regular staff job. He continued to report on strikes and labor unrest, crime, and the plight of the urban poor, and his coverage of the march of Coxey's army, a labor group, in 1894 earned him an editorship at the News-Record. While at the News-Record, Baker also began writing independently for periodicals.
In 1897, Baker joined the staff of McClure's magazine, which was at the forefront of a new style of journalism that emphasized critical investigative reporting that became known as "muckraking." He was managing editor of McClure's Syndicate from 1897 to 1898 and associate editor of McClure's magazine from 1899 to 1905. He also continued his freelance work and traveling the country and abroad. Baker was the author of many articles on social and economic problems, as seen from a liberal viewpoint, with the purpose of exposing corruption and instigating reform. He earned a national reputation for his writings on industrial relations, including coverage of strikes and working conditions. In 1906, after internal conflict at McClure's, Baker and several other journalists, including John S. Phillips, Lincoln Steffens, and Ida M. Tarbell, left and purchased the American Magazine, where he continued to write progressively on social and political issues. He was the editor of American Magazine from 1906 to 1915.
Beginning in 1899, Baker also began writing and publishing books. His works include Boys' Book of Inventions (1899), Seen in Germany (1901), Following the Color Line (1908), The Spiritual Unrest (1910), and The New Industrial Unrest (1920). His greatest popularity as a writer, however, was under the pseudonym of David Grayson. These books, collections of philosophical essays on various aspects of nature from the point of view of a farmer, include Adventures in Contentment (1907), Adventures of Friendship (1910), The Friendly Road (1913), Adventures in Understanding (1925), and Adventures in Solitude (1931). Baker also wrote his autobiography, in two volumes: Native American (1941) and American Chronicle (1945).
In 1918, Baker served as Special Commissioner of the State Department in Great Britain, France, and Italy. In this capacity, he traveled through Europe, meeting with statesmen and leaders of liberal movements and reporting on potentially disruptive radicals in those countries. In 1919, Baker served as Director of the Press Bureau of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace at the Paris Peace Conference, a role that essentially made him the President's press secretary. This began an association with Wilson that would last for the rest of Baker's life. Baker became a strong advocate of Wilson's work as a peacemaker and especially of the League of Nations. Baker wrote What Wilson Did at Paris in 1919 and in 1922 published a three-volume work entitled Woodrow Wilson and World Settlement to describe Wilson's struggles to establish a lasting peace. Baker also co-editing the six volume The Public Papers of Woodrow Wilson with William E. Dodd, published from 1925 to 1927. Wilson asked Baker, shortly before his death, to write his authorized biography. Baker spent fifteen years on the biography; the first two volumes of Woodrow Wilson: Life and Letters appeared in 1927 and six additional volumes were published during the next twelve years, for which he was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for biography in 1940.
Baker married Jessie Irene Beal, the daughter of his former college botany professor, on January 1, 1896. They had four children: Alice Beal (Hyde), James Stannard, Roger Denio and Rachel Moore (Napier). Baker died on July 12, 1946 in Amherst, Massachusetts.
Baker The papers on Wilson are predominately related to his presidency and decisions regarding World War I, but also include information on his tenure as governor of New Jersey and his time at Princeton University. Papers on the Paris Peace Conference are largely composed of meeting minutes of several committees and also document the debate regarding the formation of the League of Nations.
Please see the series descriptions in the contents list for additional information about individual series.
A portion of the collection was transferred to the Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library from the Manuscripts Division of Special Collections, Princeton University in December 1990. An additional five folders were transferred in 2010.
Contributions from Friends of the Library enabled Princeton University Library to purchase the papers of Ray Stannard Baker, biographer of Woodrow Wilson, in November 1942. The purchase also included 800 books from Mr. Baker's library, which were added to the special Wilson collection and cataloged under the symbol WW. An addition to the papers was received from Baker in June 1945.
Additionally, the Library of Congress and the Jones Library in Amherst, Massachusetts hold important Ray Stannard Baker collections. His papers at the Library of Congress document his career as a journalist and writer, including authoring the Wilson biography, and his participation at the Paris Peace Conference. His papers at the Jones Library are predominantly related to his writing under the pseudonym David Grayson Personal Papers series is composed of materials, largely correspondence, related to Baker's authorized biography of Wilson. The correspondence is to Baker from individuals who worked with Wilson, including politicians and government officials, military leaders, and individuals from Princeton University, with information about Wilson as part of Baker's research for the biography. Other correspondence is related to Baker's own involvement in politics, including his criticism of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidential policies and his service to the State Department, and correspondence from President Woodrow Wilson about Baker's various writings on his career. Also included are memoranda, copies of letters and photographs, pamphlets, papers, and newspaper clippings about Wilson's entire life, including as a student at Princeton University and his political career, and publications of articles and speeches by Wilson.
Arrangement
Divided into six sections: General Correspondence, Letters from Woodrow Wilson, Letters to the Department of State, Papers Relating to Ray Stannard Baker's Biography of Wilson, Catalog of the Baker Collection of Books on Wilson, and Woodrow Wilson's Public Papers.
Physical Description
7 boxes
Scope and Contents
Includes letters received and sent to forty-seven correspondents, which have in common some mention of Woodrow Wilson. In the folders of twenty of the correspondents there are notes by Mr. Baker that other letters of that file are in the Library of Congress. In many cases the carbon copies of letters sent are missing. This group of letters contains information about Wilson, memoirs and opinions, resulting from the co-operative appeal of Mr. Baker and Mrs. Wilson for material for the biography of Wilson; comments on the writings of Baker about Wilson and exchanges of opinion; and responses at the times of publication of the biography. Many topics other than Woodrow Wilson are covered, and four files notable for having the greater portion of letters on other topics are 1) the correspondence with Robert La Follette, concerned with his autobiography which Baker helped write, and the Progressive cause; 2) Franklin D. Roosevelt file, containing answers to Baker's criticism of presidential policy; 3) the Frank L. Polk file, which relates to Baker's tour of Europe as special envoy for the State Department in 1918; 4) Louis D. Brandeis file on savings insurance, scientific management and trade unionism.
Arrangement
Arranged alphabetically by name of correspondent.
Physical Description
2 boxes
Axson, Stockton, 1927-1934. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
There are more letters at the Library of Congress.
Physical Description
1 box
Alderman, Edwin A, 1924. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
Baker, Newton D, 1924-1937. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
There are more letters at the Library of Congress.
Physical Description
1 box
Baruch, Bernard M, 1920-1939. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
There are more letters at the Library of Congress.
Physical Description
1 box
Beveridge, Albert J, 1910. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
Bliss, Tasker H, 1923 March 23. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
There are more letters at the Library of Congress.
Physical Description
1 box
Borah, William E, 1922-1935. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
Brandeis, Louis D, 1909-1937. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
There are more letters at the Library of Congress.
Physical Description
1 box
Bryan, William J, 1926. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Review of Memoirs of William J. Bryan. Typescript article.
Physical Description
1 box
Burleson, Albert S, 1925-1939. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
There are more letters at the Library of Congress.
Physical Description
1 box
Clark, Champ, 1910 May 29. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
Colby, Bainbridge, 1928-1931. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
There are more letters at the Library of Congress.
Physical Description
1 box
Crane, Charles R, 1922-1935. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
There are more letters at the Library of Congress.
Physical Description
1 box
Creel, George, 1917-1921. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
There are more letters at the Library of Congress.
Physical Description
1 box
Cummings, Homer, 1924-1929. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
Cummins, Albert, 1910. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
Daniels, Josephus, 1919-1941. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
There are more letters at the Library of Congress.
Physical Description
1 box
Dodge, Cleveland H, 1925. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
There are more letters at the Library of Congress.
Physical Description
1 box
Eliot, Charles W, 1925. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
There are more letters at the Library of Congress.
Physical Description
1 box
Fine, Henry B, 1925-1927. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
Frankfurter, Felix, 1918-1933. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
Garrison, Lindley M, 1928. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
There are more letters at the Library of Congress.
Physical Description
1 box
Gerard, James W, 1935-1938. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
Glass, Carter, 1924-1927. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
Grayson, Cary T, 1919-1938. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
There are more letters at the Library of Congress.
Physical Description
1 box
Gregory, T. W, 1927-1929. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
There are more letters at the Library of Congress.
Physical Description
1 box
Hoover, Herbert, 1920-1939. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
House, Edward M, 1916-1929. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
Hudson, Manley O, 1922-1923. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
Hulbert, Mary Allen and Allen, 1925-1939. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
Hull, Cordell, 1933-1935. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
La Follette, Robert M. Belleand Fola, 1905-1914. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
Lamont, Thomas W, 1919-1935. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
Lane, Franklin K, 1913-1921. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
Long, Breckinridge, 1925-1927. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
There are more letters at the Library of Congress.
Physical Description
1 box
McAdoo, William G, 1925-1941. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
There are more letters at the Library of Congress.
Physical Description
1 box
McCormick, Vance C, 1925. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
Page, Walter Hines, 1918-1926. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
Palmer, A. Mitchell, 1919. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
Polk, Frank L, 1918-1920. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
Redfield, William C, 1927-1929. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
There are more letters at the Library of Congress.
Physical Description
1 box
Reid, Mrs. Harry Fielding, 1921-1934. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
Roosevelt, Franklin D, 1922. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
Roosevelt, Theodore, 1898-1914. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Beginning by an appreciation of Baker's articles on issues of the day and on Roosevelt himself, ultimately this correspondence contains requests for advice and information, and long and confidential explanations of ideals and policies.
Arrangement
Arranged chronologically.
Physical Description
1 box
Sayre, Francis B, 1925-1944. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
Tedcastle, Agnes B, 1925-1940. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
Williams, John Sharp, 1925-1927. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
There are more letters at the Library of Congress.
Physical Description
1 box
Wilson, Miss Margaret Woodrow, 1925-1935. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
There are more letters at the Library of Congress.
Physical Description
1 box
Letters From Woodrow Wilson, 1911-1924. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Two thirds of these letters date after 1920 and are concerned with Baker's writings about the Peace Conference and the League of Nations and, later, the projected biography. Several in 1923 relate to the difficulties which arose over the purchase by American firms of German chemical patents (the records which Baker searched out for Wilson are included). The last few letters deal with Baker's plea for access to manuscript records; the letter of January 25, 1924 is said to be the last letter written by Wilson before his death. Several letters in this group are written by Mrs. Wilson.
Arrangement
Arranged chronologically.
Physical Description
1 box
Letters To The Department Of State, 1918. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
As a special envoy of the State Department to investigate liberal and radical sentiment abroad between March and December, Baker wrote these reports to Frank L. Polk. He visited England, France and Italy. Includes carbon copies of the unpublished originals and also the letters of introduction taken by Baker.
Includes preliminary sketches and tentative memoranda, typescript and autograph; copies of related correspondence; clippings, leaflet and pamphlet and broadside materials; photostats of letters and documents which were used as illustrations; and a portfolio of preliminary advertising for the first volume.
Physical Description
2 boxes
Catalog Of The Baker Collection Of Books On Wilson, dates not examined. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
In typescript, carbon copy. These books were purchased at the same time as the papers and added to the special book collection on Wilson in the library.
Physical Description
1 box
Scope and Contents
A collection of periodicals and pamphlets in which writings of Woodrow Wilson appeared. Used by Baker and William E. Dodd in editing the Public Papers of Woodrow Wilson.
Arrangement
Arranged chronologically.
Physical Description
4 boxes
"Of the Study of Politics", 1887 March. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in the New Princeton Review.
Physical Description
1 box
"Bryce's American Commonwealth", 1889 March. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in the Political Science Quarterly.
Physical Description
1 box
"The English Constitution", 1890 October. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in the Chautauquan.
Physical Description
1 box
"The English Constitution", 1890 November. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in the Chautauquan.
Physical Description
1 box
"The English Constitution", 1890 December. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in the Chautauquan.
Physical Description
1 box
"The English Constitution", 1891 January. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in the Chautauquan.
Physical Description
1 box
"Mr. Cleveland's Cabinet", 1893 April. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in the Review of Reviews.
Physical Description
1 box
"Anti-Slavery History and Biography", 1893 August. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Review of Morsels Abraham Lincoln. (Incomplete)
Physical Description
1 box
"A Calendar of Great Americans", 1894 February. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in the Forum.
Physical Description
1 box
"University Training and Citizenship", 1894 September. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in the Forum.
Physical Description
1 box
"The Proper Perspective of American History", 1895 July. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in the Forum.
Physical Description
1 box
"On the Writing of History", 1895 September. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in the Century Magazine.
Physical Description
1 box
"In Washington's Day", 1896 January. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in Harper's Magazine.
Physical Description
1 box
"On an Author's Choice of Company", 1896 March. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in the Century Magazine.
Physical Description
1 box
"Colonel Washington", 1896 March. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in Harper's Magazine.
Physical Description
1 box
"At Home in Virginia", 1896 May. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in Harper's Magazine.
Physical Description
1 box
"General Washington", 1896 July. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in Harper's Magazine.
Physical Description
1 box
"First in Peace", 1896 September. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in Harper's Magazine.
Physical Description
1 box
"Princeton in the Nation's Service", 1896 October. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in the Forum.
Physical Description
1 box
"The First President of the United States", 1896 November. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in Harper's Magazine.
Physical Description
1 box
"Mr. Cleveland as President", 1897 March. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in the Atlantic Monthly.
Physical Description
1 box
"On Being Human", 1897 September. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in the Atlantic Monthly.
Physical Description
1 box
"A Lawyer with a Style", 1898 September. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in the Atlantic Monthly.
Physical Description
1 box
"A Wit and a Seer: Walter Bagehot", 1898 October. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in the Atlantic Monthly. (carded)
Physical Description
1 box
Address before the New England Society, New York, 1900 December. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
"Colonies and Nation", 1901 January. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in Harper's Magazine.
Physical Description
1 box
"The Reconstruction of the Southern States", 1901 January. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in the Atlantic Monthly.
Physical Description
1 box
"Colonies and Nation", 1901 February. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in Harper's Magazine.
Physical Description
1 box
"Colonies and Nation", 1901 March. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in Harper's Magazine.
Physical Description
1 box
"Democracy and Efficiency", 1901 March. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in the Atlantic Monthly.
Physical Description
1 box
"Colonies and Nation", 1901 April. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in Harper's Magazine.
Physical Description
1 box
"Colonies and Nation", 1901 May. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in Harper's Magazine.
Physical Description
1 box
"When a Man Comes to Himself", 1901 June. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in the Atlantic Monthly.
Physical Description
1 box
"Colonies and Nation", 1901 June. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in Harper's Magazine.
Physical Description
1 box
"Colonies and Nation", 1901 July. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in Harper's Magazine.
Physical Description
1 box
"Colonies and Nation", 1901 August. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in Harper's Magazine.
Physical Description
1 box
"Colonies and Nation", 1901 September. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in Harper's Magazine.
Physical Description
1 box
"Edmund Burke and the French Revolution", 1901 September. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in the Century Magazine.
Physical Description
1 box
"Colonies and Nation", 1901 October. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in Harper's Magazine.
Physical Description
1 box
"Colonies and Nation", 1901 November. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in Harper's Magazine.
Physical Description
1 box
"The Ideals of America", 1901 December. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in the Atlantic Monthly.
Physical Description
1 box
"The Coming of Peace", 1901 December. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in Harper's Magazine.
Physical Description
1 box
"Early Migrations Westward", 1902 September. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in Harper's Magazine.
Physical Description
1 box
"Princeton for the Nation's Service", 1902 October. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Address delivered at Inauguration as president of Princeton.
Physical Description
1 box
Annual Report, 1903 December. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
"The Young People and the Church", 1904 October. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Address before convention of Pennsylvania State Sabbath School Association at Pittsburgh.
Physical Description
1 box
Address, 1904 November. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Association of colleges and preparatory schools of the Middle States and Maryland.
Physical Description
1 box
Annual Report, 1905 December. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
"The Authors and Signers of the Declaration of Independence", 1907 July. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in the North American Review.
Physical Description
1 box
Annual Report, 1907 December. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
Address before the University Club of Chicago, 1908 March. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
"The States and the Federal Government", 1908 May. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in the North American Review.
Physical Description
1 box
Annual Report, 1908 December. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
"The Minister and the Community", 1909 January. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Address before the Y.M.C.A. in New York.
Physical Description
1 box
"The Present Task of the Ministry", 1909 May. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Address at the Hartford Theological Seminary.
Physical Description
1 box
"The Tariff Make-Believe", 1909 October. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in the North American Review.
Physical Description
1 box
Address at the Inauguration of President Nichols at Dartmouth College, 1909 October. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
"What is a College For", 1909 November. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in Scribner's Magazine.
Physical Description
1 box
Annual Report, 1910 January. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
"Culture and Democracy", 1910 April. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Letter to the editor of the Nation.
Physical Description
1 box
"Hide-and-Seek Politics", 1910 May. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in the North American Review.
Physical Description
1 box
"The Lawyer and the Community", 1910 August. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Address before the American Bar Association at Chattanooga.
Physical Description
1 box
"The Law and the Facts", 1910 December. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Address before the American Political Science Association, St. Louis. In American Political Science Review.
Physical Description
1 box
Annual Report, 1911 January. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
Address before the Democratic Club in Philadelphia, 1911 February. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
Woodrow Wilson, Governor, 1911 May. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article by James Kerney in the Independent.
Physical Description
1 box
Address at Seattle, Washington, 1911 May. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
"The Lawyer in Politics", 1911 July. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Address before the Kentucky Bar Association of Lexington.
Physical Description
1 box
Woodrow Wilson's Views, 1911 August. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Interview by Henry Beach Needham in the Outlook.
Physical Description
1 box
"The Need of Citizenship Organization", 1911 November. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in the American City Magazine.
Physical Description
1 box
"The Tariff", 1912 January. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Address at the National Democratic Club, New York. Please note: Article is missing.
Physical Description
1 box
First Annual Message to the New Jersey Legislature, 1912 January. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
Message to the American People, 1912 October. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
One copy in the Literary digest. One copy in Harper's Weekly.
Physical Description
1 box
"How Governor Wilson Feels", 1912 October. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in Harper's Weekly.
Physical Description
1 box
Second Annual Message to the New Jersey Legislature, 1913 January. 1 box.
Address at New York Opening Campaign for Second R.C. Fund, 1918 May. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
Address at Joint Session of Congress, 1918 May. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
Address at Mount Vernon, 1918 July. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
Address at New York Opening of the Fourth Liberty Loan Campaign, 1918 September. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
Address before the Senate, 1918 September. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
Address at Joint Session of Congress, 1918 November. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
Address at Joint Session of Congress, 1918 December. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
Message to the Two Houses of Congress, 1919 May. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
Treaty of Peace with Germany, 1919 August. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Report of conference between members of Senate committee on foreign relations and President of U. S.
Physical Description
1 box
Addresses on Western Tour, 1919 September 4 - 25. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
Message to the Two Houses of Congress, 1919 December. 1 box.
Physical Description
1 box
"The Man They Cannot Forget", 1922 February. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Editorial in Collier's weekly magazine.
Physical Description
1 box
"The Road Away from Revolution", 1923 August. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Article in the Atlantic Monthly.
Physical Description
1 box
Scope and Contents
The Papers Collected at the Peace Conference series documents the Paris Peace Conference (1919-1920), where Baker served as Director of the American Press Bureau. The majority of the papers consist of meeting minutes or records of conversations held by various committees, including Plenary Sessions, the Aeronautical Commission, the "Big Four," the Commission on International Labor Legislation, the Council of Ten, and the Supreme War Council. Other papers include records of the American Press Bureau, memoranda to President Wilson from other members of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace, reports by or for delegations of other countries, drafts of the Treaty of Versailles and the covenant of the League of Nations, and papers related to the debate over the League of Nations.
Arrangement
Arranged by committee or document type.
Physical Description
12 boxes
Early Printed Copies of The Treaty of Versailles and Summaries, 1919. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Includes the first copy from the press of the original draft of the Treaty of Versailles (leather bound) and a copy in the original unsewn sheets, and the first copy of the Summary of Conditions of Peace, prepared for home consumption under Mr. Baker's direction, an annotated copy giving origin of each paragraph, and two additional copies. Also includes a copy of the summary prepared for Austria and a copy of the Summary of the Comments by the German Delegation on the Peace Treaty.
Physical Description
1 box
Preliminary Drafts and Early Printed Copies of The Covenant Of The League Of Nations, 1919. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Includes typescript copies of the first and third drafts by Woodrow Wilson; first copy from the press, signed by Wilson and inscribed to Baker; a copy in original unsewn sheets; fourteen copies of advance editions (seven are oversize); Report of the Commission of the League of Nations; a commentary and a mimeographed official summary.
Physical Description
1 box
Documents of The American Commission To Negotiate Peace, 1919. 3 boxes.
Scope and Contents
Includes reports, correspondence, memoranda, press statements (all copies) many directed to or released by President Wilson, which represent the inner functioning of the Commission. Includes many reports of private, sounding-out conversations by individuals; some advice on public opinion from United States. Frequently contain annotations in Baker's hand.
Physical Description
3 boxes
Stenographic Records of Peace Conference Meetings, 1919. 3 boxes.
Scope and Contents
Includes confidential records of all that was said at formal and informal meetings, including those of Supreme War Council and the Council of Ten between January and June. (Mimeographed copies supplied to members of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace, marked secret.)
Physical Description
3 boxes
Stenographic Records for Plenary Sessions, 1919. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Records of the complete proceedings of the sessions from January to June. (Mimeographed copies.)
Physical Description
1 box
Minutes of the Supreme Economic Council, 1919. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Official minutes of the proceedings. (Mimeographed and typed copies.)
Physical Description
1 box
Digests of 'Big Four' Records, 1919. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Excerpts from the complete proceedings of 'Big Four' meetings which deal with the following subjects: colonies, mandates, the League of Nations, Italy and Japan. (Typewritten copies.)
Physical Description
1 box
Minutes of the Committee on Reparations, 1919. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
A record of the meetings of the Second Sub Committee from February to April. (Printed copy.)
Physical Description
1 box
Minutes of the Committee on New States, 1919. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Complete records of proceedings of meetings between May and December. (Printed, unsewn sheets. Contains the signature of Manley O. Hudson.)
Physical Description
1 box
Report on Syria Compiled by American Commission On Mandates, 1919. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Original copy, marked strictly confidential. Mimeographed sheets.
Physical Description
1 box
Minutes of the Commission on International Labor Legislation, 1919. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Proceedings of meetings from February to March, mimeographed copies. Appended are typescript articles about the Commission and a summary by Professor Shotwell.
Physical Description
1 box
Papers on the Aeronautical Commission, 1919. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Includes stenographic records of proceedings of meetings from March to April, on mimeograph sheets; a printed copy of the report in English and one in French; copies of related correspondence of the 'Big Four'; and copies of related proceedings of Peace Conference meetings, in typescript.
Physical Description
1 box
Special Report of the Commission on The International Regime of Ports, Waterways, and Railways, 1919. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Records of meetings from February to August, submitted to the Supreme Council of Allies. (Printed report, marked confidential.)
Physical Description
1 box
Bulletins Received and Sent by the American Press Bureau, 1918-1919. 2 boxes.
Scope and Contents
Releases, notices, news stories, and information used by the Bureau between December 1918 and June 1919. (Mimeographed and typewritten, cablegrams included.)
Arrangement
Arranged chronologically.
Physical Description
2 boxes
Organization File on the American Press Bureau, 1919. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Aids used in setting up the Bureau in January, 1919. Lists of correspondents, directories of delegates, photostatic copies of seating and organization charts of the Peace Conference; telephone directories; memoranda prepared for instruction of members of the Bureau by American experts on foreign problems; press cards and passes used by Mr. Baker. (Mimeographed, typewritten and printed materials.)
Physical Description
1 box
Resolutions of the International Conference Of Women, 1919. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Offered at the meetings of May 12-17th. Mimeographed copy of resolutions and the telegram sent to the Peace Conference.
Physical Description
1 box
Memoranda on the Peace Conference, 1919. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Excerpts from peace conference records, and notes made by Ray Stannard Baker for use in his articles on the conference. (Typescript and autograph.)
Physical Description
1 box
Papers Relating to the Acceptance of The Treaty Of Versailles and The League Of Nations in the United States, 1919-1921. 2 boxes.
Scope and Contents
Circulars, leaflets, bulletins and appeals issued by pro-League organizations in America; typescript copies of articles not identified; and page proof of a League article by R. S. Baker for the Round Table.
Physical Description
2 boxes
Papers on Russia, 1918-1919. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
R. S. Baker's unpublished manuscript on the Russian problem as handled at the Peace Conference. Originally intended for inclusion in Woodrow Wilson and World Settlement and abandoned for lack of necessary records; with excerpts for the Peace Conference records dealing with Russia in typescript.
Physical Description
1 box
Papers on Tyrol, 1925-1928. 1 box.
Scope and Contents
Clippings, mimeograph reports and propaganda in German on the question of Southern Tyrol.
The Photographs and Oversized series contains photographs, as well as additional oversized material. The photographs include portraits and photographs of public appearances of Wilson from various stages in his life, the majority from his presidency, and portraits of Wilson's family, government officials, politicians, and military leaders. There are also a smaller number of photographs of buildings associated with Wilson's life, soldiers, and the European landscape after the end of World War I. Many of the photographs have been marked for use in publications. Also included are oversized copies of the first edition of the Covenant of the League of Nations.
The Clippings series is composed of bound and loose articles from newspapers and magazines. The bound articles have been mounted onto pages for binding, although most are not currently in bindings. These include articles from Life and The North American Review, as well as a few other magazines and newspapers and clippings of published political cartoons, about Wilson. Topics include World War I, especially related to Wilson's peacemaking efforts, Wilson's policies as United States president generally, and a few about his earlier career as New Jersey state governor. The majority of the loose articles are clippings from newspapers regarding Wilson's political career. Subjects of the chronological section include the presidential campaign of 1916, Wilson's presidential policies, especially regarding World War I, keeping the United States from entering World War I, memorials after Wilson's death, and analysis of his career. Subjects of the subject section include a complete run of the series "America and World Peace" by Baker about Wilson's role in the Paris Peace Conference, reviews of books about Wilson, articles about Edith Wilson's support of her husband during his presidency, and international newspapers reporting on the Paris Peace Conference and Wilson's death.
Arrangement
Divided into two sections: Bound and Loose. Loose are arranged chronologically or by subject.
Physical Description
7 boxes
Physical Description
2 boxes
A-B, 1914-1918. 1 folder.
Physical Description
1 folder
C-D, 1916-1917. 1 folder.
Physical Description
1 folder
E-F, 1917. 1 folder.
Physical Description
1 folder
#1-3, #37, undated. 1 folder.
Physical Description
1 folder
#39, 1912-1918. 1 folder.
Physical Description
1 folder
#40, 1918-1920. 1 folder.
Physical Description
1 folder
#41, #85, undated. 1 folder.
Physical Description
1 folder
#1000, #1001, 1916-1920. 1 folder.
Physical Description
1 folder
#1002, undated. 1 folder.
Physical Description
1 folder
#1003, 1914-1915. 1 folder.
Physical Description
1 folder
Volume #1, 1912-1922. 1 folder.
Physical Description
1 folder
Volume #1-0, undated. 1 folder.
Physical Description
1 folder
Volume #1-2, undated. 1 folder.
Physical Description
1 folder
Volume #2, 1914-1919. 1 folder.
Physical Description
1 folder
Volume #73, 1914-1920. 1 folder.
Physical Description
1 folder
Physical Description
5 boxes
Physical Description
1 box
1910-1915, 1910-1915. 1 folder.
Physical Description
1 folder
1916-1918, 1916-1918. 1 folder.
Physical Description
1 folder
1916-1924, 1916-1924. 1 folder.
Physical Description
1 folder
1919, 1919. 1 folder.
Physical Description
1 folder
1922-1926, 1922-1926. 1 folder.
Physical Description
1 folder
Physical Description
5 boxes
Baker, Ray Stannard, "America and the World Peace," New York Times Special Feature, Complete Run, 1922. 1 folder.
Physical Description
1 folder
Baker, Ray Stannard, "America and the World Peace," New York Times Special Feature, Complete Run, 1922. 2 folders. | eng | 18864137-6e76-4f31-8f62-3949be241e21 | https://findingaids.library.upenn.edu/records/PRIN_MUDD_MC004 |
do you secure and protect your data in the cloud?
What is cloud security?
Cloud security refers to cloud security policies, security controls and audits. But also, it refers to other solutions that protect data, applications, APIs and your entire cloud infrastructure from the risks associated with security breaches.
Cloud and security breaches
Cloud computing is experiencing increasing popularity and mass adoption. This is being witnessed due to its many advantages such as scalability, affordability, etc… However, there are many potential threats that can arise due to the cloud.
DDDoS attacks
Volumetric DDDoS attacks continue to be prevalent. There is an increase in the size of the attacks and the level of sophistication of the attackers. This occurs when attackers send a large stream of malicious traffic to an application or API. They completely overwhelm its bandwidth capabilities and thus block critical services for its users. This has a huge impact on the company's bottom line. So you need advanced DDoS detection and protection technology to reduce the impact of these attacks on your network, digital assets, business and customers.
Application layer attacks
Application layer attacks can also cause a lot of damage. As the name suggests, traffic attacks target the application layer, or Layer 7 of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. They take over your cloud environment and immitrate user behavior. The targeted applications may be ones you have deployed in the cloud or applications provided by a third-party vendor. As a result, the traffic appears legitimate and becomes difficult to detect. When combined, DDoS and application layer attacks can compromise your entire infrastructure. You need a cloud provider with robust DDoS attack detection to help mitigate these security risks.
How to secure and protect the cloud
Security for private, public and hybrid clouds
Even though public clouds offer more flexibility, many organizations prefer a private cloud environment over public clouds or a hybrid cloud infrastructure. However, the private cloud comes with its own risks. For example, an attacker could exploit a vulnerability, gain access to the hypervisor, the overall system and attack neighboring virtual machines installed on the host server. Those with a public cloud are also exposed to the same vulnerabilities in their infrastructure. However, Amazon, Microsoft or Google offer a faster response to mitigate these risks and are better equipped to ensure your hypervisors' IT security.
Security breaches and securing data in the cloud
Users must log in to access resources that are in the cloud. To do this, the user must authenticate and be authorized. An attacker could manipulate the registration details. This would give him unwanted access to the cloud infrastructure. You need to make sure that your system does not fall into the wrong hands. In order to avoid such problems, when it comes to security, you need to implement good security practices like an identity and access management (IAM) system. Indeed, it offers features such as web single sign-on (web SSO). However, a misconfigured IAM can lead to an unauthorized user (malicious user or misconfiguration) instantiating prohibited resources. This could further lead to unintended infrastructure costs and instances of fraud, due to breaches, throughout the infrastructure.
Role management is prone to errors, new attack surfaces and can be time consuming. This is why an IAM is important when configuring your applications, to give users precise rights to access only what they really need (parts of the network, storage location, etc.). This approach could be further enhanced by defining some rules based on these roles.
Unforeseen incidents
Serverless applications are recommended for security to automate repetitive tasks and improve overall productivity. It allows code to be written and executed automatically, without having to worry about managing virtual machines or containers, scalability, etc. For example, AWS hosts developers' code, creates virtual machines and scales them automatically, so you don't have to manage the entire infrastructure and can focus on your other business priorities. This is truly the next generation cloud. However, it can be expensive to run applications with a serverless architecture.
Let's say a customer wants to upload their profile picture to your website. Once the image is uploaded, the serverless routine automatically resizes it. In such a scenario, instead of a classic DDoS attack, the attacker tends to create hundreds of fake accounts, changing the profile picture of each account, several times a second. If this costs you at least a few cents for each execution, then you can realize how quickly the total costs would increase. To give an idea, if you pay 100 euros per month for classic traffic and the attack costs you 100 euros, the total costs could reach 10,000 euros per month.
Compliance does not mean cloud security
There are strict regulatory compliance requirements on data. And this must be taken into account by cloud service providers. Since cloud computing caters to many industries, it's important to have compliance programs in place. Or security practices, to address the various security risks it imposes on consumers. Cloud providers must comply with the protection standards set by HIPAA. But also the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the Payment Card Industry (PCI DSS) standard in order to provide customers with the protection they deserve.
Compliance with the GDPR, according to the Schrems II ruling, is necessary to avoid high penalties. These penalties are equivalent to 4% of the company's global turnover. It is advisable to use a cloud service provider based in the EU, and not affected by foreign laws. This is to ensure that your data in the cloud is protected. After all, you alone will be responsible for this decision. However, attackers can also have a negative impact on compliance programs. The need for security practices and standards in cloud security management continues to grow.
Solutions to secure applications hosted in the cloud
UBIKA addresses the various challenges associated with cloud-specific security. Here are some additional benefits.
UBIKA WAAP Gateway (on-premises/on-premises)
It enables centralized log management and reporting directly in a SaaS platform – ideal for companies that prefer on-premises management for compliance or security reasons
Total cost of ownership (TCO) optimization in the build and run phases as well as DevOps oriented
Adaptive approach based on behavioral analysis and IP reputation
Advanced security, performance and web workload monitoring
UBIKA WAAP Cloud (hosted in the cloud)
Our WAF can also be deployed in the cloud marketplaces. It is very easy to set up and instantiate and has all the benefits of the on-premises version.
UBIKA Cloud Protector (WAF-as-a-Service)
It is ideal for companies that want to rely entirely on Software-as-a-Service deployment in the cloud to be as flexible as possible. Unlike the cloud-hosted version, you don't have to manage software updates for this one.
UBIKA WAAP's security engines are integrated into a WAF-as-a-Service
Better balance between high-level security and ease of use with predefined policies | eng | 345d630d-365f-41e0-a5f8-eea2842d0b21 | https://www.ubikasec.com/en/posts/how-to-secure-and-protect-your-data-in-the-cloud/ |
Yellow-bellied Flycatcher: Identification and Overview
July 17, 2023
Title: The Yellow-bellied Flycatcher: Nature's Acrobatic Hunter
Welcome to the world of the Yellow-bellied Flycatcher (Empidonax flaviventris), a small, charismatic bird found primarily in the North American region. Noted for its distinctive coloration and unique behavior, this species is a sight to behold in its natural habitat. As we delve deeper into understanding this avian wonder, we'll explore the dimensions of its shape and size, the distinctive color patterns it showcases, its behavior patterns, the habitat it calls home, interesting facts about the species, the ecosystem services it provides, and finally, some concluding thoughts on its importance in our shared world.
━━━━━━━━━━━━
Size and Shape
Firstly, let's talk about the size and shape of the Yellow-bellied Flycatcher. This bird species is a petite entity, often compared to the size of a sparrow. On average, the length of a Yellow-bellied Flycatcher varies from 4.7 to 5.5 inches, while its wingspan ranges from 7.5 to 8.3 inches. Although smaller than many bird species, it holds its own when it comes to making a presence in the wild.
When observing the bird's shape, one can't ignore the somewhat roundish body, which is perfectly streamlined for agility in flight. The head of the Yellow-bellied Flycatcher is relatively large compared to its body size, adding to its unique silhouette. The bird possesses a medium-length tail and wings, contributing to its dexterous maneuvers while hunting for insects mid-air.
The flycatcher's beak is short, sharp, and pointed, specialized for the catching and handling of its primary food source, insects. This straight, fine bill is surrounded by bristle-like feathers, which serve as a sensory aid while hunting. This bird's feet, while not frequently seen as it spends a lot of its time in flight, are small yet capable, equipped with sharp claws for effective perching.
One should also note the eye rings of the Yellow-bellied Flycatcher, which are strikingly white and prominent, lending a unique expressiveness to the bird's face. The bird's overall shape and size work in harmonious synergy, allowing it to move with ease and skill through its environment.
━━━━━━━━━━━━
Color Pattern
Yellow-bellied Flycatchers are aptly named for their striking coloration. This species' body is primarily painted in various hues of green and yellow, blending seamlessly with the lush surroundings of its woodland habitat. Their olive-green upperparts and yellowish underparts distinguish them from other species, aiding in their identification in the wild.
The bird's crown and back maintain a darker shade of olive-green, which gradually lightens as it reaches the tail. The underparts, on the other hand, showcase a beautiful spectrum of colors. The throat is usually a pale, whitish color, transitioning into a vibrant yellow as it reaches the bird's belly and undertail. The transition of colors creates a soft gradient, a testament to nature's beautiful palette.
Even the bird's wings and tail carry subtle hues that are noteworthy. The wings have two faint wing bars which can be seen upon close observation. The tail, like the back, is olive-green, aligning with the overall color scheme.
The white eye ring that we discussed earlier becomes even more prominent due to the contrasting green and yellow tones of the bird's body. Despite its small size, the vivid colors and patterns of the Yellow-bellied Flycatcher make it stand out in the dense greenery of its habitat.
━━━━━━━━━━━━
Behavior
The behavior of the Yellow-bellied Flycatcher is a fascinating aspect to explore. These birds are typically solitary, seen alone or in pairs during the breeding season. Their lives are dictated by the seasons, with spring and summer designated for breeding and raising their young, while fall and winter are for migration.
Yellow-bellied Flycatchers, as the name suggests, primarily feed on insects, which they catch in mid-air using a hunting technique known as "flycatching". The bird waits patiently on a perch, scanning its surroundings for flying insects. Once it spots its target, it takes off, catching the insect in its beak, and often returns to the same perch.
Despite their small size, Yellow-bellied Flycatchers are territorial, often displaying aggression towards other birds intruding their space. During the mating season, males can be heard singing a unique, high-pitched song to attract females. This song also acts as a deterrent for other males, signaling that the territory is occupied.
Interestingly, Yellow-bellied Flycatchers are migratory birds. They breed in the northern parts of North America during the warmer months and then travel to Central America and the Caribbean for the winter. These long flights are a testament to the resilience and endurance of these tiny birds.
━━━━━━━━━━━━
Habitat
The Yellow-bellied Flycatcher is predominantly found in the boreal forests and bogs of North America, spanning from Alaska to Newfoundland and reaching as far south as the northern United States during the breeding season. They have a strong preference for wet, dense woodlands, often found near bodies of water.
Their nests are typically constructed on or near the ground, often in damp areas surrounded by moss and ferns. Such locations provide perfect camouflage for their nests and offer ample insect prey for feeding. The dense foliage provides protection from predators and harsh weather conditions.
During migration, Yellow-bellied Flycatchers are more flexible with their habitat, often seen in a wider range of forest types and even in shrubby areas. Their wintering grounds are typically in the tropical forests of Central America and the Caribbean, where the weather is warm and food is abundant.
As with any species, the Yellow-bellied Flycatcher's habitat preference plays a crucial role in its survival and reproduction. Changes to these habitats can have a significant impact on the bird's ability to find food, mate, and successfully raise its young.
━━━━━━━━━━━━
Facts
Yellow-bellied Flycatchers are one of the smallest species of the "Empidonax" genus, which comprises 15 species known for their similar appearances but distinctive vocalizations.
Despite being solitary creatures, Yellow-bellied Flycatchers are known to join mixed-species flocks during migration, which provides safety in numbers.
The diet of Yellow-bellied Flycatchers primarily consists of insects; however, they've been known to consume berries and seeds, particularly during the colder months when insects are less abundant.
The average lifespan of a Yellow-bellied Flycatcher in the wild is 4 to 6 years. However, the oldest recorded individual lived to be 8 years and 2 months.
Yellow-bellied Flycatchers only have one brood per year, with both parents sharing the responsibility of incubating the eggs and caring for the young.
━━━━━━━━━━━━
Ecosystem Services
The Yellow-bellied Flycatcher, like many bird species, plays a vital role in maintaining the health of ecosystems. Their primary ecological function is insect control. By feeding on a variety of insects, including flies, beetles, and caterpillars, these birds help keep insect populations in check, preventing potential outbreaks and associated damages to the flora of their habitat.
They also contribute to seed dispersal, especially during the non-breeding season when their diet includes a greater variety of fruits and seeds. This helps in the propagation of many plant species, promoting biodiversity within the ecosystem.
Additionally, the Yellow-bellied Flycatcher is a part of the food chain, serving as prey for larger birds of prey and mammals. Their existence provides sustenance for these higher-level predators, thereby contributing to the balance of the ecosystem.
Furthermore, as migratory birds, Yellow-bellied Flycatchers serve as bioindicators, their population trends often indicating the health of the habitats they occupy. Changes in their numbers can alert conservationists to potential problems within these ecosystems.
━━━━━━━━━━━━
Conclusion
The Yellow-bellied Flycatcher, a tiny bird with a distinctive palette and compelling behaviors, undoubtedly adds charm and vitality to our natural world. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, this bird serves crucial roles in ecosystem health and stability, highlighting the interconnectedness of all life forms.
By understanding and appreciating species like the Yellow-bellied Flycatcher, we foster a greater sense of stewardship for the natural world. After all, every species, no matter how small or inconspicuous, contributes to the intricate and delicate balance of our shared planet.
In a rapidly changing world, it is more important than ever to conserve and protect our biodiversity. So the next time you step into the great outdoors, keep an eye out for the delightful Yellow-bellied Flycatcher, a small bird with a significant role in the grand symphony of nature. | eng | 49f1ff91-7c38-4082-92c8-4e44e439b5f8 | https://www.bird.bot/guide/yellow-bellied-flycatcher |
Culture
Easily grown in average, medium, well-drained soil in full sun to part shade. Tolerates wide range of soils. Remove root suckers and runners to control any unwanted spread of the plant.
Noteworthy Characteristics
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus, commonly called coralberry, is a dense, suckering, native Missouri, deciduous shrub which typically occurs in open woods, fields, pastures and thickets throughout the State. Spreads by runners to form impenetrable thickets in the wild. Typically grows 2-5' tall with arching stems. Bell-shaped, white flowers with a pink tinge appear in summer along the stems in axillary clusters and in spikes at the stem ends. Flowers give way to clusters of round, coral-red berries (drupes) which mature in autumn. Berries persist through most of the winter providing excellent color and interest to the winter landscape. Oval to elliptic bluish-green leaves (to 2.5" long). Berry-laden winter stems may be cut for indoor floral arrangements. Also commonly called Indian currant.
Genus name comes from the Greek symphorein meaning bear together and karpos meaning fruit in reference to the fruits appearing in clusters.
Specific epithet means round and flat, disk-shaped.
Problems
No serious insect or disease problems. Anthracnose, leaf spot and powdery mildew will sometimes occur in the St. Louis climate.
Uses
Naturalize in open woodland areas where it can be allowed to spread. Erosion control on slopes. Native plant gardens. Informal hedge. | eng | 04e28215-8f4e-4fb3-a0a1-0704222002ad | http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=f730 |
5. Which one of the following is a symlink to the root path as seen by the process?
a) /proc/[PID]/root
b) /proc/[PID]/path
c) both /proc/apm and /proc/[PID]/path
d) none of the mentioned View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: None.
6. The directory /proc/[PID]/tasks contains
a) hard links to any task that have been started by this process
b) files that containing tasks that have been started by this process
c) sub-direcories of various tasks | eng | 61d9a981-18be-49cd-ad71-11c978c021da | https://www.sanfoundry.com/linux-proc-filesystem-questions-answers-3/ |
Best scratching pad for cats
Some cats don't like it when scratchers move around or wobble while using them, so unstable ones often don't go over well.
by: Lauren Corona, BestReviews Staff
Posted: Aug 11, 2022 / 12:00 PM CDT
Updated: Aug 11, 2022 / 12:00 scratching pad for cats is best?
Scratching pads for cats sit horizontally rather than vertically like scratching posts do. If your feline friends tend to scratch the rug or the couch cushions, a scratching pad is the best choice to keep them happy and keep their claws out of your soft furnishings.
It's no secret that cats can be picky, so it's worth considering all the features of a scratching pad to make sure you buy one your pet loves. The CatGuru The Infinity Scratcher is a durable choice.
What to know before you buy a scratching pad for cats
Cardboard vs. sisal
Most scratching pads are made from either corrugated cardboard or sisal. If you've had a scratcher that your cat didn't use, give one made from a different material a try.
Cardboard: Cardboard scratchers have a soft texture that many cats love, as it's similar to soft roots and trees cats' wild ancestors would have scratched. However, its soft texture is also a disadvantage, as cardboard scratchers usually only last a few months.
Sisal: Sisal is a plant fiber that's much more durable than cardboard, so sisal scratchers last significantly longer. While some cats love it, you'll find others that don't like the firm texture.
Flat vs. curved
You can find scratching pads that are both curved and flat. Some cats strongly prefer one over the other, while others are happy with either.
Curved: Some cats prefer the tactile sensation of scratching a slightly curved surface, plus scratching pads of this shape are more comfortable for cats to lounge on.
Flat: Within flat scratchers, you have two types: one is raised an inch or two and is perfect for use on the floor and another is completely flat, like a mat. The latter is great for covering a spot your cat usually scratches, such as on the floor or on a seat cushion.
Size
Cat scratching pads come in various sizes, from small to XX-large. It's worth checking the exact dimensions to ensure any scratcher you're considering is big enough to fit your cat or cover the area you want to protect. Ideally, a scratcher should comfortably fit your cat, with a spare room in which to scratch.
What to look for in a quality scratching pad for cats
Reversible
Cardboard cat scratching pads are often reversible, so when one side wears out, there's another your cat can use. This extends the pad's lifespan, so you won't need to replace it as soon as you would otherwise.
Furniture covers
You can find a handful of scratching pads designed to hang over the arm of a couch or armchair and down the outside. This is perfect for protecting soft furnishings from cats that scratch where they shouldn't.
Multipacks
Some scratching pads are sold in packs of two or more. This is an economical option if you have more than one cat or want to position scratchers in several places around your home where your cat tends to scratch.
How much you can expect to spend on a scratching pad for cats
The most affordable pads start at around $10-$15, while larger and more durable versions cost as much as $50.
Scratching pad for cats FAQ
Do cats need scratch pads?
A. Scratching is a natural and instinctive behavior for cats. They scratch to mark territory, to remove dead parts of their claws, as a form of exercise and to express emotions, such as stress or excitement.
If cats aren't given some form of scratcher, whether a cat scratching post, pad or other, they're likely to scratch items in your home that they aren't supposed to. Therefore, it only makes sense to buy scratchers for cats.
Why won't my cat use a scratcher?
A. It's frustrating when you buy scratchers for cats, but they still take their claws to your furniture, door frames or other favorite off-limits scratching spots. Some cats prefer vertical or horizontal scratching, so if you've tried scratching posts, see if they prefer scratching pads and vice-versa.
It can also help to position scratchers near or over the top of where cats usually scratch. Positive reinforcement is also a great tool. Try praising and feeding cats treats when they use scratchers.
What's the best scratching pad for cats to buy?
Top scratching pad for cats
What you need to know: Thanks to its curved design, this pad is great for both scratching and lounging.
What you'll love: Although it's made from cardboard, it's far more durable than cheaper alternatives and is reversible for double the use. It's made with natural soy ink and non-toxic glue. It comes in small and XXL sizes.
What you should consider: It's not wide enough to comfortably accommodate large cats.
Top scratching pad for cats for the money
What you need to know: Available in flat and curved versions, there's something to suit most cats.
What you'll love: The cardboard is high-density and evenly compressed to mimic the feeling of tree bark, which cats would naturally scratch. It's glued with all-natural, non-toxic cornstarch. The dual-sided design memes cats get more use out of it.
What you should consider: Check the sizes before buying, as some buyers expected theirs to be larger.
Worth checking out
What you need to know: Made from sisal, this pad is a great choice for cats who don't like cardboard or tear through it too quickly.
What you'll love: It's flat and thin, so you can use it to cover areas of carpet or seat cushions that your cat likes to scratch. The sisal natural is durable and long-lasting. You can choose from two sizes. The non-slip base keeps it from sliding around.
What you should consider: It's tricky to clean as litter and other debris get stuck in the weave. | eng | 6cf2139a-647d-41c8-800c-50642b850a52 | https://www.wcia.com/reviews/best-scratching-pad-for-cats/ |
Legal Review: Social Security Benefits and When to Claim Them
You can claim social security benefits at several different ages, starting at age of 62. However, the earlier you claim social security benefits, the lower your monthly retirement checks will be. This may be the more ideal option for you, depending on your circumstances. There are benefits and drawbacks to claiming social security at different ages, as we will cover in the following sections.
Different Social Security Retirement Options
There are three basic options for claiming social security: early retirement at age 62, full retirement at age 66 or 67, or late retirement meaning after age 66 or 67. This may vary depending on when you were born, so the Social Security Administration (SSA) provides a Retirement Age Calculator for your reference.
Early Retirement — Claiming early retirement will result in a 25-30 percent decrease in benefits.
Full Retirement — Claiming full retirement will result in full benefits with no reduction in benefits, but also no increase.
Late Retirement — Claiming late retirement will result in a benefits increase of eight percent each year until age 70.
Claiming early retirement or full retirement pays more in the immediate and short-term, but claiming late retirement will pay more in the long term. Roughly half of the eligible individuals take early retirement, either because they need the money earlier or for other reasons.
Which Retirement Option is Best For You?
Several factors can affect which social security retirement option will work best for you when you begin nearing retirement age. These factors include whether you are still working, your physical health, your marriage status, and more.
We break down each of these factors in more detail below:
Current Job — People with jobs that are not physically demanding or which have high salaries often choose to continue working into their 60s, while those with physically demanding jobs may not be able to work this long.
Physical Health — If you are able-bodied and in good physical health, and are expected to remain in good health, then you are more likely to be able to continue working and potentially delay retirement.
Marriage Status — For married couples, it is often better for one spouse (typically the spouse that earns less) to begin collecting benefits first, while the spouse that earns more should wait, if possible.
Living Expenses — Analyze your current living expenses, such as your mortgage or bills, and consider if you will be able to live off social security or if you need to continue working and paying off debt.
Dependents Status — Early retirement does not reduce dependent benefits, but survivors' benefits are; this means that individuals with kids can claim early retirement, but only if expected to have a longer lifespan.
Another factor to consider is your estimated date of death, as morbid as it may sound. If you have a good idea of when you will die, as is the case for anyone with deadly genetic conditions, you can compare your benefits for early retirement, full retirement, or late retirement. From there, you can determine which would be the most lucrative during the time you have left.
Resources for Social Security Retirement Options
The SSA provides several resources for individuals to explore their social security retirement options and corresponding benefits. In addition to the general retirement age calculator, the SSA also provides calculators for early or late retirement, windfall elimination provisions, life expectancy, and more.
Beyond retirement calculators, the SSA website offers a wide variety of informational articles and links. These include a breakdown of how social security credits work, applying for retirement benefits, and requesting a social security statement and record of earnings. Additionally, you may want to seek out guidance from a SSDI lawyer to help walk you through the social security system | eng | 0521e9c7-41fb-498a-a906-98547d39a72c | https://www.alxnow.com/2022/05/03/legal-review-social-security-benefits-and-when-to-claim-them/ |
Medication Aide
New comprehensive Medication Aide training is open from Minnesota State. Available in two delivery models, in-person classroom or hybrid, the Minnesota State Medication Aide training will reinforce student understanding of drug administration through consistent and customized training options to meet your needs.
Upskill your current workforce
Consistent training for all employees statewide
Invest in your team's training and growth
New curriculum and textbook specific to the role of a medication aide
Reduce medication administration errors
Choose your delivery model: in-person or hybrid
Cost of the training is reimbursable to nursing facilities participating in the Minnesota Department of Human Services (DHS) Nursing Facility Employee Scholarship Program
This training fulfills the Minnesota State Statute requirementsfor a standardized medication administration training program for unlicensed personnel in nursing homes offered through a Minnesota postsecondary educational institution.
Minnesota law governs the qualifications required to work as a medication aide in a licensed nursing home. If you question your eligibility or the eligibility of your employees, please read the Minnesota State Statute requirements.
How do I sign up for training?
You can also contact us to learn about options to bring customized training to your group or organization.
Is Medication Aide Training the same as a Trained Medication Aide course?
Yes. We removed the word "Trained" in our course title for clarification purposes. This training fulfills the Minnesota State Statute requirements for a standardized medication administration training program for unlicensed personnel in nursing homes offered through a Minnesota postsecondary educational institution.
Who should take the Medication Aide training?
This course is open to everyone who wants to learn more about how to safely administer medication.
Most often, people take this course to satisfy the requirements needed to work as a medication aide in a skilled nursing facility in Minnesota. People also take the course for their own enrichment, to help them in another work-related role, like assisted living, or for guidance in caring for a family member that may need medications administered.
If the course is being taken to fulfill a work requirement, it is recommended that a person works as a certified nursing assistant for six months before taking this course and be at least 18 years of age. Minnesota law governs the qualifications required to work as a medication aide in a licensed nursing home.
Please note: To work as a medication aide in a skilled nursing facility, a person must have completed a nursing assistant training program approved by the Minnesota Department of Health before enrollment in a trained medication aide program.
The skilled nursing facility that employs the medication aide is responsible for documenting the completion of an approved nursing assistant training program and completion of the medication aide training.
What are the prerequisites for taking this course?
Minnesota law governs the qualifications required to work as a medication aide in a licensed nursing home.
To work as a medication aide in a skilled nursing facility, a person must have completed a nursing assistant training program approved by the Minnesota Department of Health before enrollment in a trained medication aide program. The skilled nursing facility that employs the medication aide is responsible for documenting the completion of an approved nursing assistant training program and completion of the medication aide training.
If the course is being taken to fulfill a work requirement, it is also recommended that a person works as a certified nursing assistant for six months before taking this course and be at least 18 years of age.
If someone is a trained medication aide in another state, do they have to take this class?
Yes, they must take this class if they want to use this class to meet the requirements to work as a medication aide in a skilled nursing facility in Minnesota. This is true even if someone was trained as a trained medication aide in another state. Minnesota law governs the qualifications required to work as a medication aide in a licensed nursing home. If you question your eligibility or the eligibility of your employees, please read the Minnesota State Statute requirements.
Can the Medication Aide test be challenged (like the Nursing Assistant Registry test)?
No, this is not like the nursing assistant registry test. The state statute requires that a person takes (and passes) the training that meets the state statute's requirements. A challenge test is not an option.
Minnesota law governs the qualifications required to work as a medication aide in a licensed nursing home. If you question your eligibility or the eligibility of your employees, please read the Minnesota State Statute requirements.
Is there a test-out option for this course?
No, there is not a test-out option in Minnesota, even if you have completed a similar training in another state or country. Minnesota law governs the qualifications required to work as a medication aide in a licensed nursing home. If you question your eligibility or the eligibility of your employees, please read the Minnesota State Statute requirements.
Is there a recertification for this course?
Taking and passing this course does not result in a certification, therefore there is no recertification. Upon successful completion, students earn a certificate of completion, which is different than a certification. Minnesota law governs the qualifications required to work as a medication aide in a licensed nursing home. If you question your eligibility or the eligibility of your employees, please read the Minnesota State Statute requirements.
How long is the course good for? Will I need to be recertified?
There is no expiration date on the certificate of completion. Once a person has taken the class, they don't need to retake the class – unless, of course, they lose their certificate of completion which may be needed for work purposes.
The skilled nursing facility that employs the medication aide is responsible for documenting the completion of an approved nursing assistant training program and completion of the medication aide training. Minnesota law governs the qualifications required to work as a medication aide in a licensed nursing home. If you question your eligibility or the eligibility of your employees, please read the Minnesota State Statute requirements.
Is the cost of the course reimbursable?
The cost of the course may be reimbursable.
DHS Nursing Facility Scholarship program
For participating nursing facilities, the cost of the course and books can be covered by the DHS Nursing Facility Scholarship program. Participating nursing facilities can claim the allowable costs and receive reimbursement. Nursing facilities that have questions about what is isn't reimbursable under this scholarship program should contact Munna Yasiri.
Dislocated worker or WIOA funds
The cost of the course may also be covered by dislocated worker or WIOA funds. Please contact your dislocated worker or WIOA career navigator to learn more.
Employer Reimbursement
Some employers may cover the cost for their employee's training. Please contact the campus of your choice to learn more about third party payment options.
Contact Us
Whether you are looking for training for your workforce, help connecting to industry experts, or any other need, our trained support staff is available to answer your questions and connect you with resources. | eng | c2a639c3-10f3-423f-a3ce-2a54351cece0 | https://www.minnstate.edu/workforce/training/healthcaretraining/medicationaide.html |
Meta
Category: Relationships
Golf Courses The game of golf is used a training course including several holes. A standard round of golf consists of 18 holes. Each hole is marked by a teeing location, fairway, as well as placing eco-friendly. Several fairway likewise consist of a practice array as well as driving array. Fairway vary commonly in regards to dimension as well as difficulty. Typically, an 18-hole course occupies 100 to 250 acres of land. There are a number of various kinds of golf links, with one of the most popular being links-style courses. These training courses are mainly located in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Links-style courses are built on a sandy soil. Regular features of links-style programs consist of pot bunkers as well as dunes. Furthermore, many programs have a line of vision to the eco-friendly. Fairways are the course between the teeing location and the placing environment-friendly. Generally, the fairway is cut short. It is generally bordered by a layer of greater grass, called fringe. This assists to slow down balls that roll along the environment-friendly. Placing environment-friendlies are sometimes increased somewhat over the fairway. However, the quality of a putting eco-friendly does not always match its look. Harsh is the location beyond the fairway and also teeing location. It is typically larger and also thicker than the turf in the fairway, and it is unmanicured. Occasionally, greenskeepers will reduce the rough in a specific elevation. Some courses have charges for playing a sphere in the rough. Threats can appear on any opening. Shelters are tiny to medium areas filled with sand. Water dangers consist of completely dry creek beds. Various other threats can be in the teeing area, teeing ground, or on the green itself. If a ball enters into a danger, the gamer must play the sphere as it exists. They may be punished with a stroke or with a one-stroke charge. Roughs around the putting eco-friendly are typically extremely penalized, as players are punished for striking the ball right into the harsh. Architects attempt to make the surface area of the ground feel as natural as possible, and they are typically able to make the harsh seem like an all-natural dune. Typically, the surface area is maintained degree, however there are undulations and contours, also. The teeing area is the location where the golf sphere is set before it is played. A teeing area is usually 2 club-lengths large and also extends behind tee pens. Depending upon the sort of training course, a teeing area can have six or seven markers. Tees are generally set in a selection of colors to assist players find them quickly. Normally, a golf links will have three teeing locations per hole. A teeing location is also called a tee-box. Normally, the teeing area is a flat, level area of turf. However there are exemptions to the policy. A placing environment-friendly is the final location where the golf player is expected to make a putt. Unlike the teeing and fairway areas, the putting green does not have a set placement. Rather, it is turned every day to prevent local wear.
If you have an industrial fleet of trucks, you need to consider working with a gasoline distribution solution. They can assist you handle your gas expenses as well as boost your business's logistics. By doing so, you can save time and also decrease the variety of trips your vehicles make to the gas station. You can also take advantage of their ability to offer bulk diesel fuel deliveries, which can conserve you money. Gasoline is a very essential active ingredient in your company's daily operations. It powers vehicles, generators, as well as various other devices used on your job site. But if your company does not take care of the fuel properly, it can trigger major damages. That damages can lead to delays, costing you time and money. Before you start buying diesel, you'll need to consider the various kinds of fuel and also figure out which ones your tools requires. If you do not, you'll likely end up with the incorrect kind of gas. Fortunately, there are several companies that can give you with the most effective high quality diesel. However, you need to consider the price as well as the quality of the gas you're getting. An excellent fuel distribution solution need to be able to fulfill all of your diesel requires. They ought to have the ability to supply your fleet with gasoline, diesel exhaust liquid, or gasoline cells. This can help keep your engines running smoothly and successfully. In addition, they ought to have the devices to supply you with a trustworthy rate from the resource. One more advantage of working with a diesel fuel distribution solution is that it can offer you with a competitive prices system. Given that the price per gallon depends on the time of year, it can be challenging to discover the appropriate cost for your demands. Dealing with a diesel delivery solution can enable you to establish the cost you pay, so you'll recognize precisely what you're paying for. Choosing the best diesel delivery service can make or damage your business. Make sure you find a firm that has superb evaluations and that you can trust. The last thing you require is for a mishap to take place while you're trying to get your fleet refueled. Additionally, you'll intend to find a business that can provide the right gas to your devices. Sustaining your equipment correctly and in a timely fashion will certainly ensure you're getting the most out of your financial investment. When your diesel fuel isn't being used, it can begin to gel, which can congest your gas filters. It can additionally damage your engines, causing problem starting. Besides, it is very important to keep your equipment clean as well as devoid of debris. When you're seeking a diesel fuel delivery service, you'll wish to seek one that has the most effective devices and also the finest. As an example, a gas shipment service need to have the capability to supply you with colored diesel for your off-road equipment. So as to get the most out of your fuel shipment, you need to choose a solution that has the ability to deal with the bulk gasoline distributions. This way, you can conserve on your own a lots of time as well as frustrations. Getting Down To Basics with What Has Changed Recently With ?
The Advantages of an Epoxy Garage Flooring Finishing If you are taking into consideration upgrading your garage floor to safeguard it versus damages, consider applying an epoxy covering. This kind of flooring can help boost security as well as boost the usable room of your garage. It additionally makes upkeep simpler. Garage flooring finishings are created to stand up to discolorations as well as other wear and tear, and also they can additionally improve the appearance of your garage. Whether you require to shield your concrete against spills, chemicals, or dents, a premium epoxy can do the technique. Epoxy flooring coverings are made from an epoxy material that has actually been combined with a polyamine hardener, and also it develops a long lasting and also receptive surface area. Epoxy finishes are offered in a range of shades and coatings. You can select from a textured finish, or one that simulates granite or other natural surface areas. Epoxy is additionally understood to be tarnish as well as damage evidence. In fact, a quality epoxy can last for several years. However not all epoxies are developed equal, and you need to recognize how they function to guarantee that you pick the appropriate one for your demands. Before you obtain your garage floor coated, you'll wish to see to it that the floor is prepared properly. Most of flooring covering failures take place as a result of poor preparation. A specialist will check your piece for dampness and also guarantee that it is devoid of any pollutants. When the concrete has been healed, the following step is to use the epoxy layer. You can apply the layer by hand, using brushes and rollers. However, you must recognize that epoxy requires time to treat. Having your garage floor finishing applied by professionals will allow you to stay clear of the stress of having to renovate it in the future. When you are picking an epoxy for your garage floor, you need to pay unique interest to the thickness of the finishing. The thicker the covering, the extra resistant it is to scrapes and also dents. While some business may advertise that their epoxy can be cleaned as well as cleaned up conveniently, you'll possibly need to have your surface area repaired in the future. An epoxy finish is commonly made use of in business and commercial applications. For instance, an epoxy floor is great for an automobile store since it's very immune to oil and various other fluids. Some garage flooring layers are even made to maintain snow as well as ice from seeping into your concrete, making it much easier to remove the mess. One more advantage to an epoxy flooring is that it is resistant to chemicals. Oil, vinegar, as well as other fluids can quickly be spilled on the flooring, and if you are using your garage as a workshop, a chemical spill can be a disaster. These sorts of fluids can tarnish your flooring, as well as if you have kids, they can additionally cause major injuries. One final advantage to utilizing an epoxy finishing is that it is simple to clean. The finishing will stick to the surface area of your garage, making it simpler to wipe up spills. It's likewise water-, mold-, and mold-resistant, so you can maintain your floor covering looking its ideal.
Ice cream is the best desert to have, especially during summer. Children, young people, adults and oldies have it as a favorite. Ice cream comes in a wide variety of flavors. Some restaurants invent creative toppings to make ice cream better than good. Other than being so delicious and destressing, ice cream can be good to the health if it is made with the right ingredients.
If you are wanting to enjoy ice cream in a desert house somewhere, it is important to know the basic considerations that apply to selecting an ice cream. As there are so many selections for ice cream brands right now, you have to make it sure that are getting a real treat and not a health threat. This is all the more applicable when you are bringing your family with you.
Here are the considerations to selecting an ice cream brand.
Factors to Consider in Selecting an Ice Cream Brand
1. Go for natural ingredients.
Most ice creams nowadays come with additives, coloring, flavor enhances, artificial syrups, sweeteners and thickening agents which make them look and taste really yummy. However, these ingredients are not as friendly to the body as they may seem. You should avoid these ingredients as much as possible if you do not want to get inflicted of the ailments they bring. Good ice creams are those that are made out of natural and fresh ingredients. Fresh milk and fruits are the best ingredients to an ice cream since they are healthy to the body and do not pose any form of harm. Therefore, you should try to investigate the processes followed by the ice cream company and check the type of ingredients they use for their products.
2. Be checking the labels.
Isn't ice cream for everyone? When you are dining out with a group and everyone else is enjoying their ice cream, wouldn't it be nice to have even just a single scoop? Well, if you are conscious about your sugar levels, or your intake of calories, or your food allergies, then you should check the ice cream label for essential information. The label provided by the manufacturer is intended to help you know the nutritional value of the ice cream and all the other types of things that come with it, which may either good or bad for your health.
3. Find out if the product passed the standards.
Whether it is an ice cream or any other kind of food product, one of the most effective ways to determine if the product will be a good buy is if it possesses the safety seal. All products basically go through the standardized evaluation of the food authority or agency of your state or country. There are also private entities that evaluate food products for consumption safety and quality. When the ice cream brand comes with any of those seals, then you can rest assured, to some extent, that it is a brand better than those which do not have the seal.
Do you run a manufacturing or transportation company? Do you have industrial control systems that need to be upgraded? If so, then you'll need to get the best parts manufacturer. Industrial control systems improve ease of access for your employees, protect against unwanted visitors and save your operations money. However, to enjoy these benefits, you must ensure that your control systems function best. This means having the best parts for your systems.
To get the best parts for your industrial control systems, it is important that you consider choosing the best manufacturer. A manufacturer is well knowledgeable about the best parts in the market. Further, they best know what your industrial systems need. Thus, to get the best parts manufacturer, it is always important you consider the following factors;
One of the factors to consider when choosing a parts manufacturer is the kind of reputation they have. Working with the best manufacturers is important. The reputation of a manufacturer dictates the kind of services they give. Reputation can be measured in different ways, such as financial performance, quality of products and services, management, and leadership. Thus, you should evaluate all these factors before you settle on a parts manufacturer for your industrial control systems. It's also important to check their digital reputation. This includes checking online reviews and ratings from their websites.
It's also important to consider their parts' prices before settling on the best parts manufacturer. Manufacturers may have different prices for their parts. However, even if they have the best prices, you should be observant of the quality of their parts. Some manufacturers may deliberately impose low prices for their parts since they have poor quality. You need to understand the ramifications of buying your parts at low prices. Do a background check about the quality of parts they manufacture. Further, ensure you have checked the pricing policies and choose the most affordable manufacturers.
When you're looking for the best parts manufacturer for your industrial control systems, it is always important to consider checking the quality of their parts. The functionality of your industrial control systems depends on the parts you use. Hence, to improve the functionality and performance of your industrial control systems, ensure you have used high-quality parts. Thus, you need to evaluate the quality of parts a manufacturer you are choosing has. Always select manufacturers renowned for high-quality parts.
Another important factor you need to consider when you are looking for the best parts manufacturer for your industrial control systems is their licenses. One of the primary reasons you might consider working with a parts manufacturer is due to their experience and expertise in these parts. Further, you'll need to have a manufacturer who is permitted by relevant authorities. Thus, you must evaluate the licensures of the manufacturer you are choosing. You should also ensure they have the best insurance. On top of that, ensure the manufacturer provides transportation and delivery services to save on shipping costs.
Removal of water in a construction site is very important since it helps to be accurate with the construction. There are so many factors that needs to be considered before embarking on dewatering procedures. Thus article will help you a great deal to uncover those factors one by one and their deeper explanations, thus, you should take your time and read it from the beginning to the end. The first thing you must consider is the type of soil that is in the land you need to conduct dewatering procedures. Check how hard or easy it would be to dewater the area you intend to construct. This is because, different soils will require different dewatering tools as well as procedures. Secondly, consider the type of dewatering method you intend to use. There are different dewatering methods which you can apply and each comes with advantages and disadvantages as well as the variations in costs. You need to evaluate which method will be effective with the type of soil in that area before you begin your dewatering procedures. In case you do not know which method will work well for your land, it is important to seek help and advice from more knowledgeable person. This will help you to avoid making unnecessary mistakes which would otherwise been avoided.
The third factor you need to consider is the cost of the dewatering services you intend to get. It is important for you to budget your money and know how much you are willing and able to spend in the dewatering procedures you intend to carry out. This is because, once you go to seek for dewatering services without a proper budget, you can easily be conned. There are different dewatering experts in the market who are interested with your money but not being mindful of the outcome of the services they will deliver. You do not have to bet with your construction and hence, it is imperative to choose a dewatering expert who will work hard to earn a living out of it. The next factor you need to put into consideration when choosing the right Dewatering expert is the licensing. Get to know whether carrying out dewatering procedures is according to the governments rules and regulations or not. It is important for you to acquire permission from the relevant authorization agencies. Do not carry out dewatering procedures if you are not sure of the decision since you can easily find yourself against the law. Considering the terrain of the area is another vital factor you need to put into consideration when choosing the right Dewatering procedures. The slope of the region matters a lot when it comes to the dewatering decision. Also, consider whether the area is prone to soil erosion or not. In areas that are prone to soil erosion, proper strategies have to be laid down when carrying out dewatering procedures. All the above factors are very vital before choosing any dewatering procedures and plans for your land and thus should guide you throughout the whole process.
Air conditioners serve a significant role in most homes and offices more so during winter or summer. It can be uncomfortable to stay in a room where no air conditioner and that is why when it develops faults you contact your technician so that repairs can be done. When it comes to air conditioning repairs you have to understand that not all technicians can be able to handle the problem and that is why you have to certainly locate the right one. The most significant thing always is to find a reliable air conditioning repairs technician or company and you will have the problem solved.
There are lots of things that can unfold when the right technician visits and examine your air conditioner system. You might be advised to have it repaired or replaced based on the magnitude of the issue. So, you have to look for a reliable technician for air conditioning repairs and you will never be disappointed. To know the most appropriate air conditioning repairs technician that you can choose consider using the elements below.
First and foremost, you are supposed to consider the certification. You need to incorporate the technician that has been authorized to offer air conditioning repairs and other related services. Therefore, you are supposed to focus on the validity of the license that they will be having since there are amateurs and they can mess up as they claim to solve the problem. For this reason, you have to counter verify the licenses of the air conditioning repairs technicians available and from the results, you will know the right one for you to trust for this task.
The other crucial factor you are supposed to consider looking at is the working experience. You are supposed to know well the air conditioning repair technician that is experienced and has been operating for years in this field. When you check out the content on their websites you will know the number of years they have served and you will make your selection. In most cases, when you decide to involve the technician with skills and exposure in handling these air conditioners be assured that you will be impressed with the solutions that they will provide you.
Moreover, you have to inquire about the amount of money that they charge. You will know the charges after the technician examines and evaluate your system. The problems will not be the same for all air conditioning systems and that is why a reliable technician will be honest. Sometimes the repairs might be expensive and the solution is to replace it with a new one. So, here you need to get the quotes and compare them and from the list, you will be having you will identify the one that is affordable for you. You should do your investigations and get recommendations from friends and they will help you in landing the right air conditioning repair technician that will be trustworthy. Those you ask here need to have had an encounter with these technicians in the past.
It is your responsibility to always ensure that you get the best rust remover supplier, that will satisfy all your needs. Your role is to find a list of companies that offer the services that you need, and get to sample them out. There are several criteria that you will use in getting to filter out the different companies and settle on only one rust remover supplier that will give their best. One of the most used criteria is being aware of the tips that makes a good rust remover supplier, and ensuring that the final rust remover supplier you will choose will have all of these aspects. Read on, to learn more on the aspects that you should check out.
Now that you have gathered enough companies that you would consider it is high time that you get to know some of the aspects that will help you in doing away with those companies whose chances of serving to the best are low. One of the points that should not miss in your checklist, is the expertise of the rust remover supplier. Ensure that you are settling for rust remover supplier with mavens. Mavens are aware of what should be done, at what time, and to solve what kind of problem. One of the ways that one can identify mavens, is by checking through the profiles of the rust remover supplier. Most of these companies, have the profiles of their employees of their sites. You can check out on the educational and work background of the various team members and decide on your own, on whether they fit on the expertise category or not.
You ae required to check out on the performance of the rust remover supplier. It is good to check on the service record of all the companies in your list. This will tend to help you learn more about their services. Such that any rust remover supplier whose production performance is on an increasing mode has high chances of offering the best of services, while those whose performance graph is on a decreasing mode, has some chances of offering fewer quality services.
Check out on the aspect of quality of services. Ensure that you are served by the best, using the best tools, these are among the things that will ensure the kind of services you receive is standard. A good rust remover supplier, should be ready to create the best environment in which they offer services, and also be ready to have all the tools required in giving you the best of services. Other than the availability of tools, ensure that the kind of equipment used are up to date. The benefit of updating tools is that, you will be able to receive services faster and in the most effective. Equipment help to reduce errors that would have otherwise been done manually. Get to browse on the internet concerning some of the tools that might be needed, then compare with what is present in the rust remover supplier you want to settle for.
A concealed bring holster is a way of securing a hand gun. It can be put on in any pocket, and the exterior is covered with a suede-like material to provide a smooth draw. It has a rubber strap affixed to its base that maintains the holster in position while drawing the gun. Numerous types of holsters have various accessory methods. To narrow down your selections, consider what type of holster is best for your needs. One of the most typical hid carry holster is one that can be put on inside the waistband. The product utilized to make this kind of holster is usually leather or neoprene. Artificial products are cheaper, however they can still maintain the tightness of the gun. Numerous holsters are constructed with an enhanced layer made of springtime steel or ABS plastic. It serves as a buffer in between the two primary pieces, which suggests it flexes with you, not against you. The type of holster you purchase must work with your way of life. If you have a regular task that requires you to leave your home and also commute to function, after that a holster with an adjustable shoulder band is the best option for you. But if you're trying to find a hidden bring holster for walking community, there are other choices. You can likewise choose a weapon holster if you favor a tiny, lightweight layout. While the two lug techniques are similar, the inside the waist (OWB) design is simpler to hide because it sinks below the belt or pants. This approach is preferred due to the fact that just a part of the gun stands out, so it is easy to hide. IWB holsters do have a couple of typical drawbacks, however. One of the most typical downsides of IWB holsters are discomfort and trouble accessing the gun. A suitable concealment holster will likewise be able to suit a gun of various calibers. Its barrel pin will certainly fit the 9mm caliber handgun. This style likewise is available in black or green. No matter what sort of gun you're bring, you'll have the ability to discover a hidden carry holster that will certainly fulfill your needs. With many options to choose from, you'll have the ability to lug a pistol and keep it secure. An excellent concealment holster can range from $20 to $150. A quality appendix inside-the-waistband holster will certainly set you back regarding $60, and also most of the other designs will run around the very same price. A modwing holster pushes the grip right into the body, as well as a broad belt clip makes it a lot more protected. Some cover-up holsters also have foam wedges that are molded into the holster. In addition to the comfort aspect, a concealment holster need to also fit well with your garments. Particularly if you're using a suit coat, a concealment garment constructed from dark colors, or perhaps linen, will certainly help you hide the weapon more conveniently. When picking a holster, think about the fit, the quality, and exactly how conveniently you can draw the gun out of it. If the holster is also unpleasant, you'll locate yourself leaving it in your home.
Maintaining the HVAC system in the best state is among the critical considerations for any business establishment or home. One of the main reasons you need to maintain your HVAC system is because it enhances your family's comfort while in the house. It is important to note that many HVAC contractors in the industry can complicate matters for you during your search. However, some guidelines will help you find the best contractor to accommodate your needs and demands. The first thing you need to do before hiring an HVAC contractor is to look at the services they offer. An excellent contractor should provide heating and furnace repair services. It is crucial to have a functional heating unit when the weather starts cold. Another type of service that you can expect from a good contractor is maintenance services. As mentioned earlier, maintenance is key for optimal functionality of HVAC systems, and the technicians should come in to help you. Excellent maintenance services save you money and time in the long run because you will not need to buy a new expensive system all over again.
You will also need to find an HVAC contractor who has been in the industry for a long time. Typically, a contractor who has been providing services for more years means that they are experienced. The impact of the contractor's experience becomes crucial since there are different HVAC systems. Another aspect that you need to check out is the team of workers. As such, you need to ensure that the team is dedicated to its work and guarantees the provision of excellent services. Dedicated personnel provide the right solutions every time you contract them. Because homeowners have different needs, the HVAC contractor should be flexible enough to tailor their services to match these needs and demands. This ensures that a homeowner gets the exact services they required in the first place. In case of anomalies, the dedicated team should elaborate all your options to you or someone else you trust. This aspect ensures that you make sustainable decisions that will ensure the safety and comfort of your family.
It is important to hire an HVAC contractor who is trusted and reliable. HVAC systems are expensive, and you need a technician who is good at what they do. Your system's functionality should be a top priority. It is therefore important to find what previous customers have said about the contractor and the services they received. If you select the contractor, the feedback should be positive, with clients overly praising them. The HVAC team needs to be insured, bonded, and licensed. These factors are crucial, and you need to ascertain them before signing the final agreement. A licensed HVAC contractor shows they have been allowed by the authorities to provide such services after due diligence. The essence of an insured contractor comes in when you are liable for compensation should the contractor damage your HVAC system during repair service. Finally, you need to make sure you choose a contractor based or offering services in your area. | eng | 52d782b8-703d-4e23-9bdb-60afd337c02b | http://arrivebc.com/category/relationships/ |
Blindness
American Foundation for the Blind (AFB), a U.S. nonprofit organization enabling blind or visually impaired people to achieve equality and access. Provides information and referrals about living with visual impairment. Helen Keller devoted over 40 years of her life to AFB.
Blindskills, Inc. A place where you can find answers and solutions, publishers of Dialogue Magazine.
Braille Challenge at the Braille Institute is a nonprofit organization whose mission is to eliminate barriers to a fulfilling life caused by blindness and severe sight loss.
Bronx Independent Living Services Bronx Independent Living Services (BILS) is a non-profit, community based organization dedicated to empat ower all people with disabilities to understand and exercise their civil and human rights in order to live fully integrated lives in mainstream society. BILS assists individuals by providing them the necessary tools to make informed decisions about their own lives through access to education, skills development, and access to the appropriate resources.
Guide Dog Users, Inc. (GDUI)is an international organization dedicated to advocacy, peer support, public education and all aspects of training, working and living with dogs specially-trained to guide blind and visually-impaired people.
Computer Center for Visually Impaired People - Baruch College The mission of the CCVIP is to increase the freedom, independence, and productivity of people who are blind or visually impaired through the power of digital technology. We accomplish this through training, applied research, product testing and development, and community awareness initiatives. Computer Center for Visually Impaired People Baruch College, CUNY, 151 East 25th Street, room 648, NY, N.Y. 10010 Phone: (646) 312-1420 Fax: (646) 312-1421 Email: Karen Gourgey, Ed.D, Director, [email protected]
Music for the Blind: Bill Brown has music courses for a dozen instruments and over 600 individual song lessons in an all-audio format. These courses and lessons are available through the National Library Service or can be purchased on his website at He can also be reached at 1-888-778-1828.
Narrative Television Network (NTN): Founded in 1988 by Jim Stovall, NTN's Emmy award-winning technology has opened television to blind and visually impaired individuals. NTN's full-length motion pictures are reproduced with an additional soundtrack between the existing dialogue to unobtrusively describe costumes, settings, action and other visual elements that are essential to storylines.
NFB-Newsline®is the equivalent of a news stand, but one that is available over your telephone. Created by the National Federation of the Blind, NFB-Newsline makes it possible for people with vision loss to read hundreds of different newspapers and dozens of magazines from any telephone.
TRACE Center: The Trace R&D Center was formed in 1971 to address the communication needs of people who are nonspeaking and have severe disabilities. The Center was an early leader and innovator in the field that came to be known as "augmentative communication" (a term first coined by the Trace Center). | eng | db2d120f-d4d3-4603-8766-b5208f39ae92 | https://www.nyise.org/apps/pages/index.jsp?uREC_ID=445303&type=d&pREC_ID=959950 |
How much keyword density is good for SEO?
There is no one-size-fits-all answer to this question, as the density of a good SEO keyword will vary depending on the specific purpose of your website and the competitive environment in your industry. However, the general rule of thumb is that high keywords (multiple keywords per page) are better than low keywords because they provide more opportunities for your site to be ranked in search engines.
According to a study by Moz, the average keyword indexing page on Google is 2.4% - which means that if you have 20 keywords on your page, only 0.24% of those keywords will appear in the snippet shown to search engines. So while keyword density is important for SEO, not all of your success and its end. In fact, there is a point at which focusing on too many keywords can damage the quality of your website.
If you would like to know how keyword density affects search engine optimization, read this article.
What is keyword density, and how can it help your SEO?
Keyword density is the percentage of times a keyword or phrase is used in relation to the total number of words on a web page. It is one of the many factors that search engines use to determine page rank in search engine results pages (SERPs).
There is no perfect answer to how many keywords you should aim for, but using targeted keywords too often can hamper your SEO efforts. A good rule of thumb is to use a keyword targeted at 2-4% of the time. You can use a tool like Google Keyword Planner to help you find the right keywords and track their monthly search volume.
How much keyword density is good for SEO?
In order to get a good position in search engines, it is important to use the right keyword for your website. However, there is no single answer to this question as it may vary depending on the competition for keywords and the niche of your website. Generally, you should aim for 2-3% keywords in your pages to be recognized by search engines. However, you should also make sure that keywords are used naturally in all of your content and are not overused, as this could lead to penalties from Google.
What is the ideal keyword density?
There is no one straightforward answer to the question of what a proper keyword is. A few things, like the title of your article, keywords you direct, and the needs of your audience, all work when it comes to finding the right congestion for your content. However, there are a common six rules that can help you get started.
Normally, you want to include keywords that you direct into all of your content, but not so often that they become spam or distract readers. A good rule of thumb is to aim for a maximum of 2-3 percent, which will ensure that your keywords are entered enough to be seen by search engines without full readers.
You can also use keyword compression tools and plugins to help you track how often you use keywords you direct and make sure they are set to the right level.
How can you increase your keyword density?
To increase your website's keyword density, you must first understand what it is. Keyword congestion is the number of times a keyword or phrase is used on a given web page. High keywords will help your site rank higher on search engine results pages (SERPs). There are a few ways to increase your site's keyword density:
1. Use a keyword or phrase in the title of your page.
2. Use a keyword or phrase in the first sentence of your page.
3. Use a keyword or phrase across the entire page of your page, including the H1 tag and footnotes (H2, H3, etc.).
4. Use the same keywords and related keywords throughout your page.
5. Refer to other top websites that use the same keyword or phrase.
6. Use a blog post or article to link to your intended keyword.
7. Use keywords related to anchor text (backlinks) from other sites that contain the same keyword or phrase.
8. Use the same keyword or phrase in your social media and email signature.
9. Use your keyword or phrase as the title of a new blog post.
10. Create a unique, appropriate image that combines a keyword or phrase in its name and/or meaning.
What are the benefits of increased keyword density?
There is a lot of debate around the topic of keyword congestion and its importance when it comes to developing web pages in search engines. Some people believe that targeting your content with keywords is the best way to go, while others think that inserting too many keywords can damage your quality. So what is the right amount of keyword congestion you should aim for? And are there any benefits to increasing keyword congestion?
According to a recent study, increasing keyword density may have a number of benefits. First, it can help you to rank higher in search engine results pages (SERPs), which means you will get more traffic from potential customers. Additionally, overcrowding of keywords can also help improve click-through rates (CTRs) and natural search traffic. And if that were not enough, it would also help to strengthen the overall SEO functionality of your website though, there are many factors that influence the increase in keywords.
1. Extra Traffic
2. Higher levels
3. Many Conversions
4. Extra Money
5. Improved User Experience
6. Better SEO
Conclusion:
When it comes to keyword plural, there is no direct answer. However, the best guideline to follow is to have about 1-3% of your content done by keywords. This will help ensure that your content is informative and relevant to the search engine. Remember to always use a variety of keywords that you direct and not just one or two events throughout your article. This will help you to achieve the best results when it comes to expanding your content.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a good keyword density?
Search engine optimization, or SEO, is a process in which website owners can improve their site visibility and rankings in search engines. One important aspect of SEO is the use of keywords. Keywords are words or phrases that people type into a search engine for information. To improve the quality of your site, you need to include these keywords in strategic areas on your site. One of those places is in the text of your web pages.
When it comes to deciding how many times to put a keyword on a page, there is no perfect answer. However, a good sixth rule is to have a 2-3% keyword density. This means that for every 100 words on your page, you must enter 2-3 times your target keyword.
How many keywords should I use on each page?
When it comes to SEO, there is no answer to how many keywords you should use on a page. Focusing on keywords can damage the quality of your site, so it's important to use them naturally and put them where they belong. That being said, using a variety of keywords (10-15) throughout your page will give you an excellent image for a good fit.
How do I calculate keyword density?
There are many ways to calculate keyword congestion, but the most common is the word processor or text editor. Start by opening your document and highlighting the text you want to check. Then count the number of times each keyword appears and divide that number by the total number of words in your document.
Another way to calculate keyword congestion is to use a tool like Google AdWords Keyword Planner. This tool will show you how often keywords are searched on Google. You can then use that information to determine how often you should include a keyword in your content.
Free SEO Toolbox has a free Keyword Density Checker that you can use to check your keyword density in your article and a Keyword analyzer that you may use to inspect your keyword. Both of these tools are free of charge, produce the best results, and do not need to buy. | eng | bee9d1f4-50c8-4ad8-a9aa-77bd5ca2e42b | https://www.freeseotoolbox.net/blog/how-much-keyword-density-is-good-for-seo |