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2022-12-10 09:42:47
2025-11-01 19:08:18
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79,626,166
219,153
Why cv.convexityDefects fails in this example? Is it a bug?
<p>This script:</p> <pre><code>import numpy as np, cv2 as cv contour = np.array([[0, 0], [1, 0], [1, 1], [0.5, 0.2], [0, 0]], dtype='f4') hull = cv.convexHull(contour, returnPoints=False) defects = cv.convexityDefects(contour, hull) </code></pre> <p>fails and produces this error message:</p> <pre><code> File &quot;/h...
<python><opencv><convex-hull>
2025-05-17 04:00:18
2
8,585
Paul Jurczak
79,626,027
8,674,852
While installing numpy, `../meson.build:1:0: ERROR: Compiler cc cannot compile programs.` occured
<p>When I ran <code>pip install numpy==2.0.0</code> in my docker container, following error happened.</p> <pre class="lang-bash prettyprint-override"><code># pip install numpy==2.0.0 Collecting numpy==2.0.0 Downloading numpy-2.0.0.tar.gz (18.3 MB) ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 18.3/18.3 MB 35.3 MB/s e...
<python><numpy>
2025-05-16 23:04:54
2
608
siruku6
79,625,948
811,335
Why some nested python functions are defined as `def _():`
<p>I understand internal functions are prefixed with '_' to indicate they are helper/internal functions. It also helps with tooling etc. But I find some functions with just '_' as their name. Can't even find where they are called from. e.g., from</p> <p><a href="https://github.com/jax-ml/jax/blob/7412adec21c534f8e4bcc6...
<python><jax>
2025-05-16 21:19:09
1
39,244
A. K.
79,625,827
16,563,251
Type hint dict keys and values with matching generic type
<p>I have a class that behaves like a wrapper around some object. The object will always be a subclass of some parent class, but otherwise it can be anything (to simplify, I assume this parent class is <code>object</code> in my example). Therefore, I made the <code>Wrapper</code> class <a href="https://typing.python.or...
<python><python-typing>
2025-05-16 19:31:33
0
573
502E532E
79,625,826
10,569,563
Django manage command set stdout and stderr
<p>Is there a way to set <code>stdout</code> and <code>stderr</code> from <code>base_stealth_options</code> in <code>BaseCommand</code> when running the django command? I can't find any documentation about how to use those options. For example, I would like to set <code>stdout</code> and <code>stderr</code> to a logger...
<python><django><stdout><stderr>
2025-05-16 19:31:22
0
401
Zuerst
79,625,804
2,072,516
Can't sort by field on joined table
<p>I have a model which I'm joining subsequently onto 3 other models:</p> <pre><code> statement = select(Item).filter(Item.id == item_id) if include_purchases: statement = statement.options( joinedload(Item.purchases) .joinedload(Purchase.receipt) ...
<python><sqlalchemy>
2025-05-16 19:15:21
1
3,210
Rohit
79,625,529
3,067,485
Creating TabularInline in Django Admin View for inherited Many2Many relation
<p>I have a Tag Model and Mixin that is used for adding tags to entities whenever it is needed.</p> <pre><code>class Tag(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=64, unique=True) class TagMixin(models.Model): class Meta: abstract = True tags = models.ManyToManyField(Tag, blank=True) </co...
<python><django>
2025-05-16 15:47:46
1
11,564
jlandercy
79,625,503
7,295,599
How to correctly crop PDF with Python to bounding-box?
<p>There are a few similar posts here on SO, but they do not cover my issue. I am using the following script to crop a PDF to its visible content.</p> <pre><code>### crop a PDF to visible objects import fitz # PyMuPDF def crop_pdf_to_visible_content(input_pdf, output_pdf): # Open the input PDF doc = fitz.open...
<python><pdf><crop><bounding-box><pymupdf>
2025-05-16 15:28:30
2
27,030
theozh
79,625,501
337,149
Wrong encoding with Python decode in Windows command prompt
<p>When I run <em>decode</em> on a byte string encoded as UTF-8 I get ANSI encoding in a Windows command prompt.</p> <pre><code>&gt;python --version Python 3.13.0 &gt;python -c &quot;print(b'\xc3\x96'.decode('utf-8'))&quot; &gt; test.txt </code></pre> <p>When I open test.txt in Notepad++ it says that the encoding is AN...
<python><windows><character-encoding><command-prompt>
2025-05-16 15:27:15
2
11,423
August Karlstrom
79,625,500
3,161,801
Entity.put error after Python 3 migration for Google Data Store - refactored
<p>I have the code below to update an entity in the Google data store.</p> <p>I'm now getting an internal error on the <code>model.Collection.put(vhighest)</code></p> <p>sync.yaml</p> <pre><code> service: sync instance_class: F2 automatic_scaling: max_instances: 1 runtime: python312 app_engine_apis: true entrypoint: ...
<python><google-app-engine><google-cloud-datastore><ndb>
2025-05-16 15:26:56
0
775
ffejrekaburb
79,625,465
1,200,914
Is there an alternative to ask every n seconds to know if a celery task is done?
<p>I used Celery several times in the past and the idea I always had is that:</p> <ul> <li>You have a FastAPI, which delays tasks connecting to a broker</li> <li>Celery gets the tasks, do them and then sends back the result to the broker.</li> <li>In the fastAPI you have an endpoint to check using AsyncResult the resul...
<python><redis><celery><celery-task>
2025-05-16 15:07:28
2
3,052
Learning from masters
79,625,439
15,915,737
Get files from S3 with lambda
<p>I'm trying to retrieve files from an AWS S3 bucket using a Lambda function, but my script keeps timing out, and I can't figure out why. <code>&quot;errorMessage&quot;: &quot;2025-05-16T14:37:13.093Z fdb6***4165 Task timed out after 30.03 seconds&quot;</code></p> <p>The code I'm using is a basic script I got from the...
<python><amazon-web-services><amazon-s3><aws-lambda><terraform-provider-aws>
2025-05-16 14:51:10
1
418
user15915737
79,625,371
1,878,545
How do I save data of the following format to a file for a vision language model machine learning training job
<p>I have data of the following JSON format:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>from datasets import load_dataset train_dataset, eval_dataset, test_dataset = load_dataset( &quot;HuggingFaceM4/ChartQA&quot;, split=['train[:5%]', 'val[:5%]', 'test[:5%]'] ) </code></pre> <pre class="lang-json pre...
<python>
2025-05-16 14:17:01
0
1,725
nathanielng
79,625,347
5,568,409
Best way to create a list of ticklabels by multiples of pi
<p>I am working on <code>Python 3x</code> and I have this list of integers:</p> <pre><code>L = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] </code></pre> <p>How could I from <code>L</code> create this list of tick labels:</p> <pre><code>T = [0, \pi, 2\pi, 3\pi, 4\pi] ? </code></pre> <p>I have no idea and just tried:</p> <pre><code>L = [0,1,2,3,4]...
<python><python-3.x><list>
2025-05-16 14:07:40
1
1,216
Andrew
79,625,316
3,732,793
Azure Management now showing size for search service index
<p>With is code I can get the number of documents in an azure search service index.</p> <pre><code>credential = DefaultAzureCredential() search_client = SearchClient(endpoint, index_name, credential) document_count = search_client.get_document_count() </code></pre> <p>this</p> <pre><code>index_stats = search_client.get...
<python><azure-cognitive-search>
2025-05-16 13:45:44
2
1,990
user3732793
79,625,291
2,091,953
Running a script from /opt/ is failing with Docker mounts
<p>I have a Python script that creates <code>docker run</code> commands and executes them. This runs just fine from my <code>/home/myuser</code> directory, but if I move it to <code>/opt/myuser</code> (having to sudo run everything there), all of a sudden my docker run command can't find the mounted data. Specifically,...
<python><linux><docker><opt>
2025-05-16 13:33:06
0
753
mjswartz
79,625,264
5,767,511
How to find the latest version of a python package supported by currently installed packages
<p>I am working on a project with <code>packaging==21.3</code> specified in the <code>requirements.txt</code> file. I want to install black, but if I do so, it installs the latest version of black which depends on <code>packaging&gt;=22.0</code>, so it updates packaging.</p> <pre><code>$ pip install black ... Collectin...
<python><pip>
2025-05-16 13:18:41
1
553
dylanmorroll
79,625,228
12,184,608
Type narrowing an element of tuple based on type of other element
<p>I am looking for a way to type hint a function that returns a tuple containing a success flag and, in the case of success, <code>None</code>, or, in the case of failure, an <code>Exception</code> instance. Declaring the function as returning <code>tuple[bool, Union[Exception, None]]</code> obviously doesn't work -- ...
<python><python-typing>
2025-05-16 12:55:57
2
364
couteau
79,625,172
2,528,063
Format number to at most n digits in python
<p>I know I can use <code>format</code> in order to format a number to whatever format. What I want is to format to <em>at most</em> n digts.</p> <p>This can be achieved using the <code>g</code>-format-specifier. <em>But</em> there's one caveat here. What if my input is a really small number, e.g. <code>-0.0000000001</...
<python><rounding><number-formatting>
2025-05-16 12:21:56
3
37,422
MakePeaceGreatAgain
79,624,532
13,933,721
python series of No module named <module name>
<p>Consider this project tree:</p> <pre><code>project β”‚ └── app/ β”‚ β”œβ”€β”€ main.py β”œβ”€β”€ __init__.py β”‚ β”œβ”€β”€ common/ β”‚ β”œβ”€β”€ __init__.py β”‚ └── do_common.py β”‚ └── util/ β”œβ”€β”€ __init__.py └── do_util.py </code></pre> <p>main.py</p> <pre><code>import sys from pathlib import Path...
<python>
2025-05-16 05:30:43
1
1,047
Mr. Kenneth
79,624,324
6,141,238
Is there a natural way to load the data of a sqlite3 table as a dictionary of lists rather than a list of dictionaries?
<p>The following table <code>my_table</code></p> <pre><code>idx speed duration 0 420 50 1 380 40 2 390 45 </code></pre> <p>is stored in a database file <code>my_db.db</code>. Loading this table as a list of dictionaries appears straightforward: the code</p> <pre><code>conn = sqlit...
<python><database><list><sqlite><dictionary>
2025-05-16 00:36:49
2
427
SapereAude
79,624,258
11,602,400
ctypes + cgo and ownership of strings
<p><strong>Background</strong></p> <p>I am currently using a DLL I generated with golang in python. As a sanity check for debugging I added a function called <code>return_string()</code>, which takes a pointer to a string in C (<code>char*</code>) converts to go, then returns the result. Mostly this is a debugging tool...
<python><go><ctypes><cgo>
2025-05-15 22:34:06
1
1,481
Kieran Wood
79,624,041
21,370,869
why is maya failing to import my python library and run a function defined within it
<p>My library is saved at</p> <pre><code>C:\Users\user1\Documents\maya\scripts\test_lib.py </code></pre> <p>and its entire content is:</p> <pre><code>def my_func(): print(&quot;hello world!&quot;) </code></pre> <p>When I run the following in the script editor, I get an error:</p> <pre><code>import test_lib my_func()...
<python><maya>
2025-05-15 18:59:39
1
1,757
Ralf_Reddings
79,623,944
3,357,935
How do I request and download a CSV of email activity from the SendGrid API?
<p>I want to get a CSV of email activity from the SendGrid v3 Email Activity API.</p> <p>I tried to use the API to <a href="https://www.twilio.com/docs/sendgrid/api-reference/email-activity/request-a-csv" rel="nofollow noreferrer">request a CSV export of email activity</a>, like so:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-...
<python><sendgrid><sendgrid-api-v3>
2025-05-15 17:51:38
1
27,724
Stevoisiak
79,623,918
2,526,586
Show description of each API endpoint method for Swagger doc with flask_restx
<p>I have something like this for my Flask app using <code>flask_restx</code>:</p> <pre><code>from flask import Blueprint, request from flask_restx import Api, Resource, Namespace blueprint = Blueprint('location_api', __name__) api = Api(blueprint) ns = Namespace('location', description='Location update operations') ...
<python><flask><swagger><flask-restx>
2025-05-15 17:27:24
1
1,342
user2526586
79,623,848
16,462,878
close or not close file descriptor in a function body?
<p>I found many many times a code like this</p> <pre><code>def content(path): return open(path).read() </code></pre> <p>I have met such construct typically by programmers coming from lower level languages such as C or C++.</p> <p>More conventional constructs are instead the following:</p> <pre><code>def content(pa...
<python><file-descriptor>
2025-05-15 16:42:57
0
5,264
cards
79,623,815
3,486,684
How can I automatically create a type annotation for a dataclass method based on the dataclass' members?
<p>Consider the following example:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>from dataclasses import dataclass import dataclasses from typing import Self @dataclass class Dataclass: a: int b: str c: list[int] def update_attrs(self, **kwargs) -&gt; Self: return self.__class__(**(data...
<python><python-typing><python-dataclasses>
2025-05-15 16:17:14
0
4,654
bzm3r
79,623,779
4,444,757
How can I pass the variable value to this string in python?
<p>I want to assign a variable to the stop loss and take profit in the following phrase. According to the <a href="https://bingx-api.github.io/docs/#/en-us/swapV2/trade-api.html#Place%20order" rel="nofollow noreferrer">exchange documentation</a>, these values ​​are constants as follows(for example: 102217.88):</p> <pre...
<python><string><variables>
2025-05-15 15:58:21
1
1,290
Sadabadi
79,623,688
12,881,307
Subclassing Pandas DataFrame to obtain column names autocompletion in IDE
<p>I am working with Pandas DataFrames in <code>.py</code> files. I would like to have column name autocompletions in VSCode, similar to how it works with <code>.ipynb</code> files.</p> <p>I remember reading I could subclass a <code>DataFrame</code> to achieve this. The post showed a code snippet similar to the followi...
<python><pandas><dataframe>
2025-05-15 15:19:55
1
316
Pollastre
79,623,671
23,196,983
Find the largest itemset in agroup of itemsets with the same support efficiently
<p>I have a spark-DataFrame with two columns, ID and Items. Items is a list of strings.</p> <p>My goal is to find frequent subsets of the itemsets in my data. I am familiar with apriori and fp-growth and used the latter to find frequent subsets. But I have one more requirement, in cases where multiple itemsets along a ...
<python><algorithm><pyspark><data-mining><fpgrowth>
2025-05-15 15:09:44
1
310
Frede
79,623,568
2,263,683
How to export dependencies to requirement.txt and requirements-dev.txt using uv-pre-commit
<p>I'm using <code>uv</code> as my package manager in my Python project. My <code>pyproject.toml</code> file looks like this:</p> <pre class="lang-toml prettyprint-override"><code>[project] name = &quot;some-name&quot; version = &quot;0.1.0&quot; readme = &quot;README.md&quot; requires-python = &quot;&gt;=3.11&quot; de...
<python><requirements.txt><pre-commit.com><uv>
2025-05-15 14:22:36
1
15,775
Ghasem
79,623,523
7,692,855
Add Column Names to retrieved data from pymysql
<p>I have a simple SQL command via pymsql to retrieve data</p> <pre><code>db = pymysql.connect( db=DATABASE, passwd=DB_PASSWORD, host=DB_HOST, user=DB_USER, ) cursor = db.cursor() cursor.execute(&quot;&quot;&quot; select flight, aircraft_model from flights where flights.aircraft_type in ('bo...
<python><pymysql>
2025-05-15 14:01:58
1
1,472
user7692855
79,623,319
2,410,605
Locate link that is not an anchor and does not have unique identifiers other than text
<p>I have to log into a website and navigate to a specific link. The content on the site is dynamic and tends to move, so I don't really trust using an XPath. Also, the link is not in an anchor, does not have an ID, and has a generic class. As best as I can tell the only thing I can trust is the text field:</p> <pre ...
<python><selenium-webdriver>
2025-05-15 12:24:55
1
657
JimmyG
79,623,174
7,321,700
Calculating a pct_change between 3 values in a pandas series, where one of more of these values can be nan
<p><strong>Scenario:</strong> I have a pandas series that contains 3 values. These values can vary between nan, 0 and any value above zero. I am trying to get the pct_change among the series whenever possible.</p> <p><strong>Examples:</strong></p> <pre><code>[0,nan,50] [0,0,0] [0,0,50] [nan,nan,50] [nan,nan,0] [0,0,nan...
<python><pandas>
2025-05-15 11:03:30
1
1,711
DGMS89
79,623,173
12,013,353
Can you change the default tick density when creating a matplotlib plot?
<p>When you create a plot with <code>matplotlib.pyplot</code> (<code>plt</code>), and call the grid with <code>plt.grid()</code>, from what I understand a call is made to <code>plt.Locator</code> class. I was wondering if there is a simple way, through some parameter, that changes the default behaviour to always make t...
<python><matplotlib><xticks>
2025-05-15 11:03:22
1
364
Sjotroll
79,622,860
8,831,116
How to import submodules under tests/ and still run only tests in subdirectory in Python
<p>I have a the following test folder layout:</p> <pre><code>tests β”œβ”€β”€ __init__.py β”œβ”€β”€ conftest.py β”œβ”€β”€ data_validation β”‚ └── test_data_validation.py └── per_vendor β”œβ”€β”€ __init__.py β”œβ”€β”€ vendor_a β”‚ β”œβ”€β”€ conftest.py β”‚ └── test_vendor_a.py └── vendor_b β”œβ”€β”€ __init__.py β”œβ”€β”€ conftest.py...
<python><pytest>
2025-05-15 07:59:18
1
858
Max GΓΆrner
79,622,744
12,415,855
Can not find shadow-root using selenium?
<p>i try to find a shadow root on a website and clicking a button using the following code:</p> <pre><code>import time from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from s...
<python><selenium-webdriver><shadow-root>
2025-05-15 06:31:41
4
1,515
Rapid1898
79,622,730
6,930,340
Split an array in a polars dataframe into regular columns
<p>I have a <code>pl.DataFrame</code> with an array column. I need to split the array columns into traditional columns while assigning headers at the same time.</p> <pre><code>import polars as pl df = pl.DataFrame( { &quot;first_last&quot;: [ [&quot;Anne&quot;, &quot;Adams&quot;], [...
<python><dataframe><python-polars><polars>
2025-05-15 06:20:15
1
5,167
Andi
79,622,589
3,161,801
NDB Python Error returning object has no attribute 'connection_from_host'
<p>I have the code below which is built on top of ndb.</p> <p>When running I receive the two errors below.</p> <p>Can I ask for some guidance, specifically what is the <code>connection_from_host</code> referring to?</p> <pre><code>import flask import config import util app = flask.Flask(__name__) from google.appengi...
<python><google-app-engine><ndb>
2025-05-15 03:55:50
1
775
ffejrekaburb
79,622,553
2,278,546
nodriver crashes with infinite recursion in headless mode when running browser.get()
<p>Here is the code I'm trying to run:</p> <pre><code>import nodriver as uc async def main(): browser = await uc.start(headless=True) page = await browser.get('https://www.nowsecure.nl') if __name__ == '__main__': uc.loop().run_until_complete(main()) </code></pre> <p>Here is the output I get in the termi...
<python><web-scraping><nodriver>
2025-05-15 03:05:50
2
505
grasswistle
79,622,539
7,419,457
mupdf mark field form widgets as read only
<p>What I am trying to do is update form fields in a PDF with a value and then mark them as read-only so that they cannot be further edited.</p> <p>I have tried two approaches. use</p> <pre><code>pdf.bake() </code></pre> <p>This did not work for my use case, as post filling in data in the PDF I am doing an e-signature ...
<python><pdf><pymupdf><mupdf>
2025-05-15 02:48:48
2
977
Rahul
79,622,523
21,370,869
Struggling to provide a correct value to 'OpenMaya.MItMeshPolygon.center()'
<p>Am taking first steps into the Open Maya API, the Python version. I've gone through a <a href="https://zurbrigg.teachable.com/p/maya-python-api-vol-1" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Maya API</a> series, and did some tasks such as printing to the script editor. I am now trying to write my own small bits of code. In this ...
<python><maya><maya-api>
2025-05-15 02:12:29
1
1,757
Ralf_Reddings
79,622,504
154,048
How to limit the length of or suppress local variables in structlog exception reports?
<p>I'm using structlog in an application. When I use it to render an exception:</p> <pre><code>logger = structlog.get_logger() logger.exception(&quot;boom&quot;) </code></pre> <p>I get the expected pretty exception report. However there are some local variables in that context which are very large. They make the except...
<python><exception><structlog>
2025-05-15 01:40:43
1
1,166
Peter Loron
79,622,434
14,122
Unable to create a nested DefaultDict in a pydantic BaseModel
<p>Consider:</p> <pre><code>#!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script # /// script # dependencies = [ &quot;pydantic&gt;=2.10.5,&lt;3&quot; ] # requires-python = &quot;&gt;=3.12,&lt;3.13&quot; # /// import pydantic from typing import Annotated from collections import defaultdict from uuid import UUID class Repro(pydantic.Ba...
<python><pydantic>
2025-05-14 23:57:41
1
299,045
Charles Duffy
79,622,266
10,727,283
Explicitly declared protocol on child fails with "Protocols cannot be instantiated"
<p>Please help me understand why this code fails.</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>from typing import Protocol class Base: pass class MyProto(Protocol): def hello(self) -&gt; None: pass class Child(Base, MyProto): def __init__(self) -&gt; None: super().__init__() # Typ...
<python><python-3.9>
2025-05-14 20:48:40
1
1,004
Noam-N
79,622,206
219,153
Can you explain values of imgIdx and trainIdx in this example of cv.match?
<p>This OpenCV Python script:</p> <pre><code>import numpy as np, cv2 as cv bf = cv.BFMatcher(cv.NORM_L1, crossCheck=False) bf.add(np.array([[0], [1], [2]], dtype='f4')) # train image 0 bf.add(np.array([[0.1], [1.1], [2.1]], dtype='f4')) # train image 1 bf.train() src = np.array([[0], [1.1], [2.1]], dtype='f4') matc...
<python><opencv>
2025-05-14 20:09:10
1
8,585
Paul Jurczak
79,622,141
364,696
Is there a reason not to replace the default logging.Handler lock with a multiprocessing.RLock to synchronize multiprocess logging
<p>I've got some code that, for reasons not germane to the problem at hand:</p> <ol> <li>Must write <em>very</em> large log messages</li> <li>Must write them from multiple <code>multiprocessing</code> worker processes</li> <li>Must not interleave the logs at all</li> </ol> <p>Performance of logging is a secondary consi...
<python><multiprocessing><python-multiprocessing><mutex><python-logging>
2025-05-14 19:18:05
0
157,585
ShadowRanger
79,622,114
3,357,935
How do I get a list of Single Send campaign names from the Sendgrid API?
<p>I want to use the <a href="https://www.twilio.com/docs/sendgrid/api-reference" rel="nofollow noreferrer">SendGrid v3 API</a> to retrieve a list of all my Single Send campaigns and their names.</p> <p>According to the SendGrid API documentation, I can retrieve statistics for all my Single Sends by sending a GET reque...
<python><python-3.x><twilio><sendgrid><sendgrid-api-v3>
2025-05-14 18:49:56
1
27,724
Stevoisiak
79,621,934
3,125,823
Specific permissions for different types of users with django rest framework model and view
<p>I'm using DRF's ModelViewSet for my views and DefaultRouter to create the urls.</p> <p>This particular model creates a feature that only admins have full CRUD access.</p> <p>Authenticated users should have READONLY and Delete permissions. And Anonymous users should only have READONLY access.</p> <p>I'm pretty sure t...
<python><django-models><django-rest-framework><django-views><permissions>
2025-05-14 16:43:15
1
1,958
user3125823
79,621,875
2,343,309
Cython *.pxd file cannot use absolute imports for Cython submodule
<p>I am getting an <code>Error compiling Cython file</code>, 'myproject/utils/hdf5.pxd' not found` when trying to build my Cython project in a certain way.</p> <p>My Cython project is organized this way:</p> <pre><code>myproject/ setup.cfg setup.py &lt;-- For installing the Python project myproject/ __...
<python><cython><distutils>
2025-05-14 16:09:38
1
376
Arthur
79,621,854
2,287,458
Compute cumulative mean & std on polars dataframe (using over)
<p>I want to compute the cumulative mean &amp; std on a polars dataframe column.</p> <p>For the <code>mean</code> I tried this:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>import polars as pl df = pl.DataFrame({ 'value': [4, 6, 8, 11, 5, 6, 8, 15], 'class': ['A', 'A', 'B', 'A', 'B', 'A', 'B', 'B'] }) ...
<python><python-3.x><python-polars><cumulative-sum>
2025-05-14 15:53:28
2
3,591
Phil-ZXX
79,621,805
662,285
azure.core.exceptions.HttpResponseError: (None) Internal server error 500 - model response from Azure AI foundry
<p>I have Azure AI foundry hub which has private end point enabled and all other network is disabled on it. I also have Azure AI Project under hub which is used to deploy serverless endpoint model. When i use AzureKeyCredential(&quot;key&quot;) it works fine but when i use DefaultAzureCredential() it gives me error In...
<python><azure><azure-machine-learning-service><azure-ai-foundry>
2025-05-14 15:20:50
1
4,564
Bokambo
79,621,538
130,948
Error in while running Jupyter Notebook connecting to Azure PostgreSQL database with Entra Auth
<p>I am new to Jupyter Notebook and running fundamental code to connect to the Azure PostgreSQL database. To my understanding, the connection is successful but somehow it's not able to parse the output but I'm not 100% sure on this.</p> <pre><code>from azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential username = &quot;user...
<python><postgresql><azure><pip><prettytable>
2025-05-14 13:02:39
0
743
Ravi Khambhati
79,621,480
13,443,954
How to locate custom elements of pdftron in DOM
<p>our dev team working with apryse pdftron (angular) and using custom elements on the loaded document, like checkbox, textbox - which you can drag-and-drop into the webviewer. My problem is, that these elements are not exist in the DOM at all - so I cannot locate them for automation test. The pdf is under an opened sh...
<python><angular><dom><pdftron>
2025-05-14 12:32:39
0
333
M AndrΓ‘s
79,621,448
3,760,519
How do I show a formatted html table in python, during an interactive programming session?
<p>Essentially, I am looking for a python equivalent of the R behaviour when I use packages such as <a href="https://gt.rstudio.com/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">GT</a> or <a href="https://rstudio.github.io/DT/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">DT</a>. When &quot;print&quot; the objects generated by these packages, I can see th...
<python><dataframe>
2025-05-14 12:18:08
1
2,406
Chechy Levas
79,621,191
29,430,839
Issue in scraping data
<p>I have an issue in scraping schools data. I need their email and website URL. I tried a lot but it's returning empty results.</p> <p>What's the best way to do this?</p> <p>Here is the code:</p> <pre><code>from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service from selenium.webdriver.com...
<python><selenium-webdriver><web-scraping>
2025-05-14 09:50:12
1
2,155
Omprakash S
79,621,152
1,764,129
Multiple line figure without new coloring in Altair
<p>The basic example of multiple lines in Altair shows distinct lines in a different color:</p> <pre><code>import altair as alt from vega_datasets import data source = data.stocks() alt.Chart(source).mark_line().encode( x='date:T', y='price:Q', color='symbol:N', ) </code></pre> <p>How does one make this s...
<python><altair>
2025-05-14 09:33:45
1
4,935
p-robot
79,621,149
393,010
only change type annotation of method in subclass
<p>Is it possible to change/&quot;override&quot; the return type of a method in a subclass without overriding/altering the method (implementation) itself? Something like:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>class Foo: def gimme_thing() -&gt; Thing: return self.factory.create() class Bar(Foo...
<python><python-typing>
2025-05-14 09:33:01
3
5,626
Moberg
79,620,845
14,245,686
How is np.repeat so fast?
<p>I am implementing the Poisson bootstrap in Rust and wanted to benchmark my repeat function against numpy's. Briefly, <code>repeat</code> takes in two arguments, data and weight, and repeats each element of data by the weight, e.g. [1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 0] -&gt; [1, 2, 2]. My naive version was around 4.5x slower than <co...
<python><arrays><numpy><rust>
2025-05-14 06:34:04
1
482
stressed
79,620,649
3,026,965
Configuring external user-defined module for multiple scripts in python
<p>I am running several python scripts (one at a time) to manipulate photo, video, and audio files in different combinations in the CWD.</p> <p>Instead of specifying in each script's body the dozens of &quot;foto_files&quot;, for example, what is the best way to call that information from an external user-defined modul...
<python><dictionary><module><lookup>
2025-05-14 02:39:19
1
727
user3026965
79,620,550
1,380,285
Python global variable changes depending on how script is run
<p>I have a short example python script that I'm calling glbltest.py:</p> <pre><code>a = [] def fun(): global a a = [20,30,40] print(&quot;before &quot;,a) fun() print(&quot;after &quot;,a) </code></pre> <p>If I run it from the command line, I get what I expect:</p> <pre><code>$ python glbltest.py before [] a...
<python><global-variables>
2025-05-13 23:51:32
1
6,713
bob.sacamento
79,620,339
1,305,287
Clearing clipboard on program exit in python Tk and Kubuntu
<p>Python 3.12 in a venv, Kubuntu 24.04.02.</p> <p>I'm using the tkinter clipboard in a python program to hold a small amount of text, to ctrl-V into text editors and browser fields. This bit works fine.</p> <p><strong>I would now like the clipboard to be set to a defined value on program exit.</strong> Empty would be ...
<python><tkinter><clipboard>
2025-05-13 19:47:19
2
1,103
Neil_UK
79,620,333
2,648,504
Insert new column (of blanks) into an existing dataframe
<p>I have an existing dataframe:</p> <pre><code>data = [[5011025, 234], [5012025, 937], [5013025, 625]] df = pd.DataFrame(data) </code></pre> <p>output:</p> <pre><code> 0 1 0 5011025 234 1 5012025 937 2 5013025 625 </code></pre> <p>What I need to do is insert a new column at <code>0</code> (the same # ...
<python><pandas>
2025-05-13 19:42:50
1
881
yodish
79,620,274
8,119,509
Integrating Spiceai MCP with Slack Bot
<p>I followed the <a href="https://spiceai.org/docs/installation" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Spice.ai documentation</a> and the getting started guide to use Spice MCP with OpenAI. Now, I am trying to use it with a Slack bot, but I keep getting 404 errors or &quot;method not found&quot; errors. I believe this might be du...
<python><model-context-protocol><slack-bot>
2025-05-13 18:59:43
0
403
Ritesh Kankonkar
79,619,949
5,944,880
ffmpeg how to set max_num_reorder_frames H264
<p>Anyone know how can I set max_num_reorder_frames to 0 when I am encoding H264 video ? You can find in the <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/doxygen/4.0/structH264RawVUI.html#ad5f9d8d1aac32a586542e2d133d7aae8" rel="nofollow noreferrer">docs</a> as <code>uint8_t H264RawVUI::bitstream_restriction_flag</code></p> <p>PS. Based...
<python><ffmpeg><h.264><pyav>
2025-05-13 15:14:03
1
417
Vasil Yordanov
79,619,885
4,050,510
How can I convert a Sequence(Image) to an Array4D without going through Seqence(Sequence(Sequence(Sequence()))?
<p>I have a huggingface dataset with a column <code>ImageData</code> that has the featuredescriptor <code>s.features={'images': Sequence(feature=Image(mode=None, decode=True, id=None), length=16, id=None)}</code>.</p> <p>I need to convert this into a torch 4D tensor (all images are RGB and have same shape). It is possi...
<python><arrays><huggingface-datasets>
2025-05-13 14:36:22
1
4,934
LudvigH
79,619,717
8,477,566
How to count consecutive increases in a 1d array
<ul> <li>I have a 1d <code>numpy</code> array</li> <li>It's mostly decreasing, but it increases in a few places</li> <li>I'm interested in the places where it increases in several consecutive elements, and how many consecutive elements it increases for in each case</li> <li>In other words, I'm interested in the <em>len...
<python><arrays><numpy><cumsum>
2025-05-13 13:08:50
4
1,950
Jake Levi
79,619,552
11,350,845
Get the canonical timezone name of a backward linked timezone in python?
<p>As title said, I'm looking for a simple way to get the canonical name of a timezone when providing a timezone name.</p> <p>For example <code>Asia/Calcutta</code> is the backward liked name of <code>Asia/Kolkata</code>.</p> <p>I'd expect <code>ZoneInfo(&quot;Asia/Calcutta&quot;).key</code> to be <code>Asia/Kolkata</c...
<python><python-3.x><timezone><zoneinfo><tzdata>
2025-05-13 11:31:06
1
382
Junn Sorran
79,619,504
6,231,383
Keep the '+' in URL in python
<p>I have an input which is a decoded URL and can contain incorrectly escaped '+' symbols, such as <code>'http://example.com/path/tofile?query=param+with+questionmark'</code>, where '+' symbols should be converted to %2B. Here is my code to encode the url safely.</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code># Sa...
<python><url><urllib><urlencode>
2025-05-13 10:48:29
1
2,191
Prithvi Raj
79,619,420
2,526,586
Enabling Daylight saving adjustment for Flask-APScheduler
<p>I am trying to run APScheduler for my Flask app, but I can't get daylight saving time working for the cron time.</p> <p>In my <code>app.py</code>, I have something like this:</p> <pre><code>from flask import Flask import pytz from .scheduled_jobs import ScheduledJobs class SchedulerAppConfig: SCHEDULER_TIMEZONE...
<python><flask><dst><apscheduler>
2025-05-13 09:54:14
1
1,342
user2526586
79,619,273
6,017,822
How do determine inner border points of polygon intersection
<p>I am trying to write a Python script that will return me all vertice locations (x,y) of inner intersecting edge between a square tile and a closed polygon with n-vertices. I got this far with my code, but am getting wrong inner border vertices. Is there an algorithm of somekind specificaly to determine inside edges,...
<python><geometry><clipping>
2025-05-13 08:39:18
0
313
tomazj
79,619,068
7,500,106
Unable to fetch user list from google workspace due to: Resource Not Found: userKey
<p>I was trying to fetch the user list using the below approach:</p> <pre><code>def getGsuiteUserData(self, data): access_token = data.get('access_token') if not access_token: raise Exception(&quot;access token is required.&quot;) headers = { 'Authorization': f'Bearer {access_token}' ...
<python><google-cloud-platform><google-workspace>
2025-05-13 06:30:57
0
664
Utkarsh
79,619,061
11,769,133
Replacing values in columns with values from another columns according to mapping
<p>I have this kind of dataframe:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>df = pd.DataFrame({ &quot;A1&quot;: [1, 11, 111], &quot;A2&quot;: [2, 22, 222], &quot;A3&quot;: [3, 33, 333], &quot;A4&quot;: [4, 44, 444], &quot;A5&quot;: [5, 55, 555] }) A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 0 1 2 3 4 ...
<python><pandas>
2025-05-13 06:28:18
2
1,142
Milos Stojanovic
79,618,963
13,933,721
python .env inconsistent result
<p>.env</p> <pre><code>ENDPOINT=&quot;http://localhost:9000&quot; </code></pre> <p>py file</p> <pre><code>import os from urllib.parse import unquote from dotenv import load_dotenv load_dotenv() endpoint = os.getenv(&quot;ENDPOINT&quot;, &quot;&quot;) print(endpoint) # OR endpoint = unquote(os.getenv(&quot;ENDPOINT&q...
<python><python-3.x><.env>
2025-05-13 04:54:45
2
1,047
Mr. Kenneth
79,618,918
983,556
using blender as a python module with pylance
<p>I'm trying to set up VSCode with Pylance and bpy for the purpose of making a Blender plugin, since I have very little knowledge of Python I think LSP support would help quite a bit.</p> <p>I have cloned blender's git repo and ran <code>make update</code> and <code>make bpy</code> and gotten a bpy directory containin...
<python><visual-studio-code><blender><pylance><bpy>
2025-05-13 03:59:25
0
1,700
David Carpenter
79,618,903
19,546,216
Is this folder structure possible in Behave Selenium?
<p>I'm currently refactoring our code and our organization wants to combine different repositories into 1 and now I'm arranging the folder structure.</p> <pre><code>DIRECTORY STRUCTURE: +-- main_repository/ +-- other_dev_folders/ +-- testing/ +-- another_folder_layer/ +-- features/ ...
<python><selenium-webdriver><bdd><python-behave>
2025-05-13 03:38:11
1
321
Faith Berroya
79,618,851
2,817,520
Uvicorn workers greater than one apparently reduce performance by half
<p><strong>Update 2:</strong> The following results do not hold when installing Uvicorn using <code>pip install uvicorn[standard]</code> which installs Uvicorn with Cython-based dependencies (where possible) and other optional extras.</p> <p><strong>Update 1:</strong> I tested the app using <a href="https://hypercorn.r...
<python><fastapi><uvicorn><starlette>
2025-05-13 02:21:05
0
860
Dante
79,618,567
3,806,728
How to Cache Elements to increase the Runtime Performance with lxml Pythin Library
<p>In the lxml.de website <a href="https://lxml.de/performance.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://lxml.de/performance.html</a> I see the following statement:</p> <p>A way to improve the normal attribute access time is static instantiation of the Python objects, thus trading memory for speed. Just create a cache di...
<python><lxml>
2025-05-12 20:05:19
1
353
user3806728
79,618,401
3,890,560
Tensorflow: XLA compilation requires a fixed tensor list size
<p>I'm running Ubuntu on a laptop with a dGPU.</p> <p>I installed tensorflow using docker: <code>docker pull tensorflow/tensorflow:latest</code>. Tensorflow (2.19.0) can use a XLA CPU and a GPU.</p> <p>I'm following this tutorial: <a href="https://www.tensorflow.org/tutorials/load_data/video" rel="nofollow noreferrer">...
<python><tensorflow2.0><tensorflow-xla>
2025-05-12 17:49:05
0
599
fghoussen
79,618,176
307,050
Matplotlib plot continuous time series of data
<p>I'm trying to continuously plot data received via network using matplotlib.</p> <p>On the y-axis, I want to plot a particular entity, while the x-axis is the current time.</p> <p>The x-axis should cover a fixed period of time, ending with the current time.</p> <p>Here's my current test code, which simulates the data...
<python><numpy><matplotlib>
2025-05-12 15:30:49
1
1,347
mefiX
79,617,933
24,271,353
multidimensional coordinate transform with xarray
<p>How to convert multidimensional coordinate to standard coordinate in order to unify data when using <code>xarray</code> for nc data:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>import xarray as xr da = xr.DataArray( [[0, 1], [2, 3]], coords={ &quot;lon&quot;: ([&quot;ny&quot;, &quot;nx&quot;...
<python><python-xarray>
2025-05-12 13:26:06
1
586
Breeze
79,617,815
865,169
Can I be sure of the order requests are sent in in a Python requests session?
<p>I am using Python requests to communicate with an external API. When I do something like:</p> <pre><code>with requests.Session() as sess: resp1 = sess.put( api_url + f&quot;stuff/{id}/endpoint1&quot;, json=contents1, ) resp2 = sess.put( api_url + f&quot;things/{id}/endpoint2&quot;...
<python><python-requests>
2025-05-12 12:15:23
1
1,372
Thomas Arildsen
79,617,790
1,552,080
Creating a Polars DataFrame from list of dicts?
<p>I want to create a Polars DataFrame or LazyFrame (I'm not sure what is appropriate) from a list of dictionaries where each of the dicts represents one row of data. Each individual dict has fields of various data types and most importantly some fields have array-like data. The array-like data related to on key can va...
<python><dataframe><python-polars>
2025-05-12 11:55:40
1
1,193
WolfiG
79,617,641
617,603
./manage.py runserver on mac
<p>I'm setting up a new dev environment for Django development on a mac as a new Python dev but I'm receiving an error running a basic django app so I think my python setup is incorrect</p> <p>I have <code>python3</code> installed so to make it easy to access, in my <code>.zshrc</code> I have added the line</p> <pre cl...
<python><django><django-ninja>
2025-05-12 10:27:03
1
668
overbyte
79,617,460
2,902,280
What happens when you call a matplotlib continuous colormap with value outside of the (0, 1) range?
<p>The classical usage for a continuous colorbar such as viridis is to use <code>cm(val)</code> with <code>val</code> bewteen 0 and 1.</p> <p>I can't figure out what's returned when you call it with an argument outside of the (0, 1) range, i.e. I'd expect to get the value corresponding to 1, but it's not the case:</p> ...
<python><matplotlib><colormap>
2025-05-12 08:24:47
1
13,258
P. Camilleri
79,617,158
1,299,026
Data access object not finding self attributes
<p>I have a data access object in Python/SQLite3 defined as:</p> <pre><code>import sqlite3 class Dao: VEHICLE_TABLE_SCHEMA = &quot;&quot;&quot; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS vehicles ( vehicle_key integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, vehic...
<python><python-3.x>
2025-05-12 03:48:23
1
3,054
Todd
79,617,120
1,942,868
Orderby and distinct at the same time
<p>I have tabels like this</p> <pre><code>id sku 1 C 2 B 3 C 4 A </code></pre> <p>Finally I want to get the raws like this.</p> <pre><code>1 C 2 B 4 A </code></pre> <p>At first I use <code>distinct</code></p> <pre><code> queryset = self.filter_queryset(queryset.order_by('sku').distinct('sku')) </code></pre> <p>It ...
<python><django><postgresql>
2025-05-12 02:43:27
1
12,599
whitebear
79,617,100
1,440,565
Simple typer script gives TypeError
<p>I think typer 0.15.3 (maybe earlier) is broken. I don't make this claim lightly. But if I create a very basic script, I get an error:</p> <p>pyproject.toml:</p> <pre><code>[project] name = &quot;typer-example&quot; version = &quot;0.1.0&quot; description = &quot;Add your description here&quot; readme = &quot;README....
<python><typer>
2025-05-12 02:18:31
2
83,954
Code-Apprentice
79,617,084
654,019
creating Docker image for Buildozer on WSL (Ubuntu 22.04) fail
<p>I am trying to build Docker image for <a href="https://buildozer.readthedocs.io/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Buildozer</a> as explained here: <a href="https://github.com/kivy/buildozer/tree/master?tab=readme-ov-file" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://github.com/kivy/buildozer/tree/master?tab=readme-ov-file</a></p> <p...
<python><docker><ubuntu><kivy><buildozer>
2025-05-12 01:50:12
0
18,400
mans
79,616,857
3,138,436
desired frequency in discrete fourier transform gets shifted by the factor of increasing sample duration
<p>I have written a python script to compute DFT of a simple sin wave having frequency 3. I have taken the following consideration for taking sample of the sin wave</p> <p><strong>sin function for test = sin( 2 * pi * 3 * t )</strong></p> <p><strong>sample_rate = 15</strong></p> <p><strong>time interval = 1/sample_rate...
<python><signal-processing><sage><discretization>
2025-05-11 19:47:54
2
9,194
AL-zami
79,616,804
4,075,135
TypeVar as dict key type hint "has no meaning in this context"
<h1><strong>The context:</strong></h1> <p>I have a dict whose keys are arbitrary types, and whose values are Callables which take a string and return an instance of the same type as the key. For example:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>class Hero: def __init__(self, name): self.name = na...
<python><python-typing><pyright>
2025-05-11 18:35:56
2
721
ZachP
79,616,782
1,145,760
How to denote return type of a @classmethod ctor in python?
<pre><code>#!/usr/bin/env python # In this file: a problem with de-serializing an object. import pickle class User: @classmethod def from_bytes(cls, b: bytes) -&gt; User: obj = pickle.loads(b) assert type(obj) == cls, (type(obj), cls) return obj </code></pre> <p>fails with</p> <pre><c...
<python><python-typing>
2025-05-11 18:14:42
1
9,246
Vorac
79,616,634
2,583,346
converting jupyter notebook (.ipynb) with to HTML using nbconvert - plotly figures not showing
<p>I have the following code in a notebook cell:</p> <pre><code>import plotly.express as px fig = px.scatter(x=[1,2,3], y=[1,2,3]) fig.show() </code></pre> <p>and I'm trying to convert it to HTML, like this:</p> <pre><code>jupyter nbconvert --to html --execute try.ipynb </code></pre> <p>The HTML I get does not display...
<python><jupyter-notebook><plotly><jupyter><nbconvert>
2025-05-11 15:27:43
2
1,278
soungalo
79,616,351
5,783,373
Facing issue using a model hosted on HuggingFace Server and talking to it using API_KEY
<p>I am trying to create a simple langchain app on text-generation using API to communicate with models on HuggingFace servers.</p> <p>I created a β€œ.env” file and stored by KEY in the variable: β€œHUGGINGFACEHUB_API_TOKEN” I also checked it, API token is valid.</p> <p>Post that, I tried running this code snippet:</p> <pr...
<python><langchain><huggingface><huggingface-hub>
2025-05-11 09:34:46
2
345
Sri2110
79,616,310
20,589,631
Firebase admin taking an infinite time to work
<p>I recently started using firebase admin in python. I created this example script:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>import firebase_admin from firebase_admin import credentials from firebase_admin import firestore cred = credentials.Certificate(&quot;./services.json&quot;) options = { &quot;da...
<python><firebase><google-cloud-firestore><firebase-admin>
2025-05-11 08:51:55
1
391
ori raisfeld
79,616,267
3,406,207
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'itk'
<p>On Apple M3, Sequoia 15.4.1: I am trying to run a python script on jupyter notebook, which is requiring the package 'itk':</p> <pre><code>import itk ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'itk' </code></pre> <p>I have installed 'itk' but somehow the system cannot seem to find it?</p> <pre><code>!python3 --version Pyth...
<python><macos><jupyter-notebook><itk>
2025-05-11 07:50:27
3
345
user3406207
79,616,249
10,470,463
How to suppress html table cell overflow when merging cells using rowspan?
<p>Using Python, I generated the html for a table. The table is a teacher timetable.</p> <p>The data comes from a <code>.csv</code>, looks like this for the first and second row:</p> <pre><code>Start period,Course,Lesson number,Day,Start time,End time,Instructor,Day number,Number of periods 1,CHEM1250,L01,Monday,8:00,9...
<python><html>
2025-05-11 07:12:58
0
511
Pedroski
79,616,129
3,138,436
One frequency is absent from fourier transform representation of the addition of two cosine wave of same amplitude and phase
<p>I have wrote a general python code in Sage-math to find out the Fourier transform of the addition of two different frequency cosine wave in order to plot the frequency domain in a graph. The function :</p> <pre><code> f(t) = cos(2*pi*f1*t)+cos(2*pi*f2*t) # integrate it from -infinity to +infinity </code></pre> <p>...
<python><numpy><signal-processing><sage>
2025-05-11 03:24:33
2
9,194
AL-zami
79,615,990
5,339,264
How to concatenate n rows of content, to current row, in a rolling window, in pandas?
<p>I'm looking to transform a dataframe containing</p> <p><code>[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9], [10, 11, 12]]</code></p> <p>into <code>[[1, 2, 3, []], [4, 5, 6, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]], [7, 8, 9, [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]], [10, 11, 12, [7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]]]</code></p> <p>So far the only working solution I've come up with is:...
<python><pandas>
2025-05-10 22:35:10
4
530
Pebermynte Lars
79,615,912
15,029,316
Unexpected error: No such file or directory: 'ffprobe', while using pydub in Digital Ocean
<p>I have an app that processes audio files and converts them to 'wav' format. This works locally on my Mac, however in DigitalOcean, when recording audio, i get the below error, followed by a 500:</p> <p><code>warn(&quot;Couldn't find ffprobe or avprobe - defaulting to ffprobe, but may not work&quot;, RuntimeWarning)<...
<python><ffmpeg><digital-ocean><pydub><audiosegment>
2025-05-10 20:54:10
1
329
Cjmaret