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77,156,086
22,113,674
Python JSON - Remove 'value' key and its value if only 'key' presents
<p>I have a JSON data. I want to remove the 'value' key if only 'key' presents.</p> <p>I want to remove 'Job' and 'Mob No' and keep rest of them as it is.</p> <p>Actual output:</p> <pre class="lang-json prettyprint-override"><code>{ &quot;Name&quot;: &quot;Nelson&quot;, &quot;Country&quot;: &quot;India&quot;, &qu...
<python><json>
2023-09-22 08:44:53
2
339
mpr
77,156,063
958,967
dependency_injector Python for decoupled projects
<p>I have 3 main modules</p> <ul> <li>application (knows about domain)</li> <li>domain (no dependencies)</li> <li>persistence (knows about application)</li> <li>main.py (knows about everything)</li> </ul> <p>I want to use mediatr and dependency_injector while keeping the inter module dependencies as above.</p> <p>Im ru...
<python><dependency-injection>
2023-09-22 08:41:39
1
885
RStyle
77,156,051
6,290,062
Trouble reading json-like input with python library types
<p>I have a some data read from a database (that I cannot change the structure of) where a single row might be something like</p> <pre><code>'[{ &quot;field1&quot;: &quot;test&quot;, &quot;numericfield2&quot;: Decimal(&quot;1.8333333&quot;), &quot;datetimefield3&quot;: datetime.datetime(2023, 9, 21, 12, 00...
<python><json><decode>
2023-09-22 08:39:48
1
917
Robert Hickman
77,155,902
10,767,925
check updates on each subfolder of subfolders dcmp python
<p>I am trying to build a back-up script in order to back-up all my pc to an external ssd(lost all my data 3 times by now).</p> <p>It works great for the files and main folders but until now I am not able to check if there were any updates on the subfolders.</p> <p>The logic is this: We have 1 source folder and 1 desti...
<python><backup><shutil><os.path>
2023-09-22 08:16:16
0
302
Catalin
77,155,783
3,336,412
Alembic doesn't detect unique constraints
<p>I'm using tiangolo sqlmodel and in my database-model I wanted to add unique-constraints, so one is kind of a business-key and the other is for mapping tables - both aren't recognized by alembic.</p> <p>The one for the business-key is in a base-table (because all non-mapping-tables inherit from this class) and looks ...
<python><sqlalchemy><alembic><sqlmodel>
2023-09-22 07:57:29
1
5,974
Matthias Burger
77,155,768
6,333,797
How to demonstrate numpy gradient usage with a given 2-d function?
<p>I'm quite confused by numpy gradient usage on N-D array. I write some code snippets to understand its usage on 1-D array as the following:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # 1-d t = np.linspace(0, 0.04, 101) w = 2*np.pi*50 y = np.sin(w*t) dy = w...
<python><numpy><math>
2023-09-22 07:55:24
1
308
Coneain
77,155,538
1,866,775
Why does the AUROC of the validation set differ between training and subsequent evaluation?
<p>Given the following minimal example:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>import numpy as np import tensorflow as tf from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split from tensorflow.python.keras.layers import Dense from tensorflow.python.keras.models import Sequential from tensorflow.python.keras....
<python><tensorflow><machine-learning><keras>
2023-09-22 07:15:00
1
11,227
Tobias Hermann
77,155,405
6,653,602
Why postman is returning empty responses in SSE requests?
<p>So I am trying to create a Flask endpoint that will stream the response from OpenAI chatgpt API:</p> <pre><code>def get_report_stream(msg): completion = openai.ChatCompletion.create(engine=&quot;gpt-4&quot;, messages=[ {&quot;role&quot;: &quot;system&quot;, &quot;content&quot;: prompt()}, ...
<python><postman><openai-api>
2023-09-22 06:53:00
1
3,918
Alex T
77,155,340
2,805,482
Selenium scroll flickr page to get all the images
<p>Hello I am trying to get Flickr public images from flicker group and I am able to parse the html and get the image href however struggling to find a way to get all the images from a page as we scroll the page down. My below code only returns all the hrefs for images on front page but how can I get all the href after...
<python><html><selenium-webdriver><python-requests-html>
2023-09-22 06:37:54
2
1,677
Explorer
77,155,115
4,027,373
How to type hint subclass method with base class method hint without explicitly annotating it
<p>I want to hint that A has a construct parameter c is int</p> <p>For origin code:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>class B: def __init__(c: int): pass class A(B): def __init__(a: str, **kwargs): super().__init__(**kwargs) </code></pre> <p>I can do it explicitly like:</p> <pre class="lan...
<python><python-typing>
2023-09-22 05:48:28
0
938
Deo Leung
77,154,965
5,736,835
Compile error for my code in Kattis problem
<p>I have this bit of python code for the Left Beehind problem but i keep getting compile error and no information as to why:</p> <pre><code>def decision(sweetJars, sourJars): if sweetJars == sourJars == 0: return if sweetJars + sourJars == 13: print(&quot;Never speak again.&quot;) elif swee...
<python>
2023-09-22 04:57:51
1
1,532
WDUK
77,154,893
1,330,381
How to create a pytest fixture that is a list of other fixtures in the test session
<p>I have a use case where I have some code that needs iterate over a family of fixtures and execute a common set of operations upon each fixture value. Right now I'm handling it with statically defined lists that I'm pushing off to plugins but this is somewhat tedious. I'd like to instead have some dynamic means of po...
<python><pytest><pytest-fixtures>
2023-09-22 04:31:40
1
8,444
jxramos
77,154,728
2,112,406
How to add extra python-only functions in a pybind11 project built with scikit
<p>I'm trying to build upon this amazing example: <a href="https://github.com/pybind/scikit_build_example" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://github.com/pybind/scikit_build_example</a></p> <p>I basically want to figure out how to add more functions or classes that are purely python. I thought I would need to add them to...
<python><c++><pybind11>
2023-09-22 03:36:20
0
3,203
sodiumnitrate
77,154,717
3,649,629
How to scrape node's text which has <!-- --> inside?
<p>I am writing a web crawler for scraping information from job boards. I completed my first crawler, but it has some more issues to resolve.</p> <p>For some companies titles I get this <code>ПАО\xa0</code> as a result. This text in cyrillic, but I request and save it in <code>UTF-8</code> encoding. Attribute and conte...
<python><web-scraping><scrapy>
2023-09-22 03:32:51
1
7,089
Gleichmut
77,154,695
3,777,717
Are comparisons really allowed to return numbers instead of booleans, and why?
<p>I've found a surprising sentence in the Python documentation under <a href="//docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#truth-value-testing" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Truth Value Testing</a>:</p> <blockquote> <p>Operations and built-in functions that have a Boolean result always return 0 or False for false and 1 or Tr...
<python><types><type-conversion><boolean><truthiness>
2023-09-22 03:23:56
1
1,201
ByteEater
77,154,484
21,370,869
Is there a way to view/peek into the uri that Invoke-RestMethod is constructing?
<p>I don't know much about restAPIs, I am using PowerShell to learn more about them.</p> <p>Currently I want see the final URI address that is constructed by clients such as <code>Invoke-RestMethod</code> and python's <code>requests</code> library.</p> <p>Looking at the documentation examples for <code>Invoke-RestMetho...
<python><powershell><rest>
2023-09-22 01:50:51
0
1,757
Ralf_Reddings
77,154,413
20,358
Converting a Python object To XML without namespaces
<p>I am using the XmlSerializer from <a href="https://xsdata.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api/reference/xsdata.formats.dataclass.serializers.XmlSerializer.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">xsdata</a> to convert a python3.9 dataclass object into XML.</p> <p>This is the code</p> <pre><code># create serializer XML_SERIALIZER = ...
<python><xml><serialization><deserialization><xml-deserialization>
2023-09-22 01:21:20
1
14,834
user20358
77,154,353
5,631,598
How to interpret a span of text as literals in regex
<p>I am dynamically building a regex pattern that does the following:</p> <ul> <li><code>{token}</code> - a search string that is generated and passed to my regex function during runtime</li> <li><code>page</code> - after the <code>token</code>, find the first occurrence of the word <code>page</code></li> <li>number - ...
<python><regex>
2023-09-22 00:54:04
0
381
Calseon
77,154,257
3,402,703
selecting a file in python to attach to a whatsapp web chat with selenium
<p>I want to use python and selenium to send some text and images to a group of my contacts. I already have a working code for sending the text, but have failed to find a way to send the images. I'm particularly stuck at selecting the image.</p> <p>My code is this:</p> <pre><code>from selenium import webdriver from sel...
<python><selenium-webdriver><whatsapp>
2023-09-22 00:12:24
1
6,507
PavoDive
77,154,241
9,571,463
Chunk a JSON Array of Objects until each Array item is of byte length < a Static Threshold
<p>I have a <code>list</code> of <code>dict</code> that follow a consistent structure where each <code>dict</code> has a <code>list</code> of integers. However, I need to make sure each <code>dict</code> has a bytesize (when converted to a JSON string) less than a specified threshold.</p> <p>If the <code>dict</code> ex...
<python><json><list><dictionary>
2023-09-22 00:05:51
4
1,767
Coldchain9
77,154,149
8,481,155
BigQuery chaning order of columns while WRITE_TRUNCATE
<p>I create a BigQuery table with a few columns from Terraform.</p> <pre><code>column1, column2, column3, column4 </code></pre> <p>In a Python script I write a Pandas Dataframe to this BigQuery table. But the dataframe has the columns in a different order.</p> <p>df.head()</p> <pre><code>column4, column1, column2, colu...
<python><python-3.x><google-bigquery>
2023-09-21 23:32:02
1
701
Ashok KS
77,154,059
11,277,108
Is it possible to perform validation on a field amended after initialisation of the model?
<p>The below:</p> <pre><code>import pydantic as pdc class Test(pdc.BaseModel): test: int | None test = Test(test=None) test.test = &quot;10&quot; print(type(test.test)) </code></pre> <p>Results in <code>&lt;class 'str'&gt;</code>.</p> <p>Is it possible to ensure that validation is performed ...
<python><pydantic>
2023-09-21 22:57:48
0
1,121
Jossy
77,154,013
13,142,245
FastAPI.Path : TypeError: Path() missing 1 required positional argument: 'default'
<p>From tutorials I've seen the below used. However, when I try to replicate (running Docker container locally) I observe the below error.</p> <pre><code>@app.get(&quot;/get-student/{student_id}&quot;) # path parameters and query parameters have no overlap def get_student(student_id: int = Path( description=&qu...
<python><docker><fastapi>
2023-09-21 22:41:24
1
1,238
jbuddy_13
77,153,903
16,717,009
Finding the largest power of 10 that divides evenly into a list of numbers
<p>I'm trying to scale down a set of numbers to feed into a DP subset-sum algorithm. (It blows up if the numbers are too large.) Specifically, I need to find the largest power of 10 I can divide into the numbers without losing precision. I have a working routine but since it will run often in a loop, I'm hoping there's...
<python><math>
2023-09-21 22:09:07
4
343
MikeP
77,153,861
5,960,363
Parsing raw multipart/form data with FastAPI
<h2>Context</h2> <p>I'd like to use FastAPI to ingest SendGrid's <a href="https://docs.sendgrid.com/for-developers/parsing-email/setting-up-the-inbound-parse-webhook" rel="nofollow noreferrer">inbound parse webhook</a>, which comes in as a raw multipart/form-data (see below). My code is receiving the payload, but I get...
<python><forms><http><fastapi><sendgrid>
2023-09-21 21:57:21
0
852
FlightPlan
77,153,859
616,460
Unexpected results using "in" with an Enum
<p>The following program (checked on Python 3.9 and 3.10) outputs <code>False</code>, but I expected it to output <code>True</code>:</p> <pre><code>import enum class OtherTest(str, enum.Enum): CLIP = &quot;clip&quot; class Test(str, enum.Enum): PACK = &quot;pack&quot; CLIP = OtherTest.CLIP print(...
<python><enums>
2023-09-21 21:57:12
1
40,602
Jason C
77,153,478
1,913,367
Get function passed as an argument name inside another function
<p>I am trying to measure elapse time for different functions with simple method like this:</p> <pre><code>def taketime(executable,exname='method'): tic = time.time() exname = executable.__name__ out = executable toc = time.time() print('Time taken for ',exname,' ',toc-tic,' sec') return out </c...
<python><function>
2023-09-21 20:31:21
1
2,080
msi_gerva
77,153,464
5,213,015
DJANGO REST API - How do I restrict user access to API?
<p>So I’ve been putting together a REST API using William Vincent’s REST API’s with Django book. I have everything up and going according to the book but I’m a bit of a noob so I need some clarification from the pros.</p> <p>How can I restrict a user with a token to see certain information within my API?</p> <p>Created...
<python><django><django-rest-framework><django-rest-auth>
2023-09-21 20:29:58
2
419
spidey677
77,153,433
6,471,140
how to get history of metrics using Sagemaker SDK
<p>In sagemaker</p> <pre><code>estimator.training_job_analytics.dataframe() </code></pre> <p>allows you to get a dataframe that contains the final value for every metric, but how to get the history of values for the metrics? I'm looking for something similar to what keras allows using</p> <pre><code>history = model.fit...
<python><amazon-web-services><machine-learning><amazon-sagemaker>
2023-09-21 20:24:44
1
3,554
Luis Leal
77,153,334
3,387,716
How to revert N choose 2 combinations?
<p>I have a set of pairs that can contain the result of mutliple &quot;N choose 2&quot; combinations:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>inputs = { ('id1', 'id2'), ('id1', 'id3'), ('id1', 'id4'), ('id2', 'id3'), ('id2', 'id4'), ('id3', 'id4'), ('id3', 'id5'), ('id4', 'id5'), ('id5',...
<python>
2023-09-21 20:05:39
1
17,608
Fravadona
77,153,264
2,083,119
speed up files uploading using aiofiles & aiohttp?
<p>I need to speed up files uploading script. Please, advise how to fix error <strong>Enable tracemalloc to get the object allocation traceback</strong> or there's already known way to do it differently?</p> <pre><code>import asyncio import aiofiles import aiohttp async def upload_file(session, local_path): file_...
<python><python-asyncio><python-aiofiles><pytest-aiohttp>
2023-09-21 19:53:52
1
1,809
Leo
77,153,150
15,587,184
How to Select First N Key-ordered Values of column within a grouping variable in Pandas DataFrame
<p>I have a dataset:</p> <pre><code>import pandas as pd data = [ ('A', 'X'), ('A', 'X'), ('A', 'Y'), ('A', 'Z'), ('B', 1), ('B', 1), ('B', 2), ('B', 2), ('B', 3), ('B', 3), ('C', 'L-7'), ('C', 'L-9'), ('C', 'L-9'), ('T', 2020), ('T', 2020), ('T', 2025) ] ...
<python><pandas><chaining><method-chaining>
2023-09-21 19:31:28
5
809
R_Student
77,153,141
6,162,679
Why variable assignment behaves differently in Python?
<p>I am new to Python and I am quite confused about the following code:</p> <p>Example 1:</p> <pre><code>n = 1 m = n n = 2 print(n) # 2 print(m) # 1 </code></pre> <p>Example 2:</p> <pre><code>names = [&quot;a&quot;, &quot;b&quot;, &quot;c&quot;] visitor = names names.pop() print(names) # ['a', 'b'] print(visit...
<python><variables>
2023-09-21 19:30:16
3
922
Yang Yang
77,153,102
247,542
How to make Django respect locale when accessing localflavor?
<p>I'm trying to apply multi-language support to a Django application, and I have the basic configuration working so I can set a language session key and automatically pull the correct translations for the each <code>gettext</code> call around all my field labels.</p> <p>However, I have some Ajax calls that populate fi...
<python><django><django-localflavor><django-translated-fields>
2023-09-21 19:23:25
0
65,489
Cerin
77,153,093
3,155,240
Numpy logically merging boolean arrays with numpy.NaN
<p>Let's say I have 2 numpy arrays. The <strong>first</strong> one will <strong>always</strong> contain <strong>ONLY</strong> True or False values. The <strong>second</strong> may contain <strong>True</strong> or <strong>False</strong>, or it could have <strong>numpy.NaN</strong>. I want to merge the 2 arrays such that...
<python><numpy>
2023-09-21 19:22:05
3
2,371
Shmack
77,153,068
9,462,829
Conda error http 000 when trying to install libraries on Windows
<p>Since yesterday I have been having problems with <code>conda</code>. To preface, I've tried everything in <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/50125472/issues-with-installing-python-libraries-on-windows-condahttperror-http-000-co/62483686#62483686">this thread</a>. The only thing I'm not sure I've done right...
<python><ssl><anaconda><conda>
2023-09-21 19:18:07
1
6,148
Juan C
77,152,992
867,889
How to create lazy initialization (proxy) wrapper in python?
<p>Given an expensive to initialize object and 2 consumers:</p> <pre><code>class A: def __init__(): time.sleep(42) self.foo = 1 def func1(obj: A): pass def func2(obj: A): print(A.foo) </code></pre> <p>How to create a <code>wrapper</code> that would delay initialization of <code>A</code> until any of its...
<python><proxy><lazy-initialization>
2023-09-21 19:03:22
1
10,083
y.selivonchyk
77,152,847
10,982,755
How do I call a specific function when a SIGTERM or SIGKILL system signal is received?
<p>I'm in need of a solution when I want to execute a particular function in my flask app before shutting the app completely (Essentially, a graceful shutdown).</p> <p>I'm running a flask server with uwsgi (1 process, 4 threads) and I have tried the following to capture signals.</p> <ol> <li>Use Python signal and regis...
<python><flask><webserver><uwsgi>
2023-09-21 18:39:18
0
617
Vaibhav
77,152,606
395,857
How can I only download the .parquet files of a HuggingFace dataset without generating the .arrow files once the download is completed?
<p>I want to download all the .parquet files of HuggingFace dataset, e.g. <a href="https://huggingface.co/datasets/uonlp/CulturaX" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><code>uonlp/CulturaX</code></a>, without generating the .arrow files once the download is completed.</p> <p>If I use:</p> <pre><code>from datasets import load_data...
<python><download><parquet><huggingface><huggingface-datasets>
2023-09-21 18:00:17
1
84,585
Franck Dernoncourt
77,152,470
10,164,750
Shifting Columns values towards left based on the value in them
<p>I have business scenario, where I have an <code>id</code> column and <code>value</code> columns. There are multiple <code>value</code> columns like value_1, value_2 etc.</p> <p>The idea is to shift values of <code>value</code> column to left.</p> <p>The Input is as below:</p> <pre><code>Input +------------+---------...
<python><apache-spark><pyspark>
2023-09-21 17:36:54
2
331
SDS
77,152,372
7,321,700
Incorrect Sum by Groupby Dataframe on multiple columns
<p><strong>Scenario:</strong> After generating a dataframe by concatenating a dict of dataframes, I want to groupy the result given 2 columns, and output the sum.</p> <p><strong>Dataframe:</strong> testoutput2</p> <pre><code>+-----+-------+---------+-----------+--------------------+----------+----------+----------+----...
<python><pandas><dataframe>
2023-09-21 17:18:48
2
1,711
DGMS89
77,152,258
2,772,805
How to find centroids or geolocate ISO 3166 codes?
<p>Is there a way to geolocate ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 codes (see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ISO_3166_country_codes" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ISO_3166_country_codes</a>) and get the centroid of the item ?</p> <p>I would like to place a marker (a disk proportionnal t...
<python><geospatial><geopy><iso-3166>
2023-09-21 16:59:23
1
429
PBrockmann
77,152,235
1,767,106
Python build error with Stable Diffusion repository: `ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement triton==2.0.0`
<p>I'm trying to run the Python build for the Stable Diffusion SDXL project: <a href="https://github.com/Stability-AI/generative-models" rel="noreferrer">https://github.com/Stability-AI/generative-models</a></p> <p>I'm mostly following the simple instructions provided on the github page. The project page says it suppor...
<python><python-3.x>
2023-09-21 16:55:35
2
20,816
clay
77,152,217
580,937
How properly collect a VARIANT column in snowpark
<p>I have a Snowpark dataframe that retrieves a single VARIANT column from a table. <code>regions = session.table(&quot;REGIONS&quot;).select(&quot;features&quot;)</code> How do I take the value of that features column and assign it to a dictionary variable? <code>to_dict()</code> adds <code>“FEATURES”</code> as a key...
<python><dataframe><snowflake-cloud-data-platform>
2023-09-21 16:53:14
1
2,758
orellabac
77,152,143
580,937
Is it possible for a Snowpark stored procedure to produce a DataFrame as its output?
<p>I want to create an snowflake stored procedure using snowpark. Inside of the procedure I will create some dataframe and performs some operations like filter, sort, join etc. At the end I just want to return that &quot;dataframe&quot;, does snowpark supports that? Can someone provide an example of how to achieve this...
<python><dataframe><stored-procedures><snowflake-cloud-data-platform>
2023-09-21 16:41:01
1
2,758
orellabac
77,152,116
580,937
How are anaconda packages "deployed" when using snowpark in my UDF or proc
<p>I'd like to gain a deeper understanding of the implications of accepting Anaconda's terms while working with Snowpark. Specifically, I'm curious about what happens to Anaconda packages in the context of Snowflake. Does accepting the Anaconda terms lead to the physical installation of these packages within my Snowfla...
<python><anaconda><snowflake-cloud-data-platform><libraries>
2023-09-21 16:36:41
1
2,758
orellabac
77,152,114
20,712
For a function decorator, how can a single optional kwarg item be type-constrained, but otherwise kept generic?
<p>I have a decorator that looks for an optional <code>kwargs</code> item, <code>foo</code>, with all other <code>*args</code> and <code>**kwargs</code> passed through to the decorated function.</p> <p>I want the typing hints to specify which type that specific item must be, if it is present.</p> <hr /> <p><strong>For ...
<python><python-typing>
2023-09-21 16:36:24
1
24,426
Ross Rogers
77,152,103
6,716,760
3D plot with orthogonal style with diagonal axis
<p>I would like to plot a plot in the style how we are used to plot them in school. Here is an example:</p> <p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/r7zIa.jpg" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/r7zIa.jpg" alt="This is the projection I want (&quot;like in school&quot;)" /></a></p> <p>Summary:</p> <ul> <...
<python><matplotlib><projection><diagonal><matplotlib-3d>
2023-09-21 16:35:06
1
345
Torben
77,152,080
580,937
Operations on groups in Snowpark
<p>I'm applying a function on a grouped dataframe in Pandas. Has anyone had to convert this into the Snowpark API. If so, what were the functions you used?</p>
<python><pandas><dataframe><snowflake-cloud-data-platform>
2023-09-21 16:31:53
1
2,758
orellabac
77,152,064
580,937
Are there cost differences when running a query using snowpark in jupyter notebook?
<p>I would like to know if running queries using snowpark from a Jupyter Notebook has a particular toll on cost.</p>
<python><jupyter-notebook><snowflake-cloud-data-platform>
2023-09-21 16:30:09
1
2,758
orellabac
77,151,844
5,892,689
ValueError: Invalid frequency when resampling
<p>I want to resample a temporal series index with pandas resample. In my case I divide to total period by the amount of intervals to get the step. Then sometimes I get the error:</p> <pre><code>ValueError: Invalid frequency: 65.117651L </code></pre> <p>Below I show the index and the error. You can reproduce the error:...
<python><pandas><datetimeindex><resample>
2023-09-21 15:56:31
1
688
Guido
77,151,808
20,122,390
How can I group tasks with asyncio in Python to execute them combined serially and concurrently?
<p>I have the following function:</p> <pre><code>async def pre_processing_list_sic_codes( self, start_date: datetime, final_date: datetime, sic_codes: List[str] ) -&gt; Any: batch_length = 80 batches = [sic_codes[i : i + batch_length] for i in range(0, len(sic_cod...
<python><asynchronous><async-await><python-asyncio>
2023-09-21 15:51:49
1
988
Diego L
77,151,685
7,188,690
transpose the columns and make dictionaries as values in the other column
<p>I have this spark data frame. I am trying to convert the columns to rows and make one of the columns gw are the key of the dictionary in the other column.</p> <pre><code>+-----+-----+-----+-------+ | gw |rrc |re_est| +-----+-------------------+ | 210.142.27.137 | 1400.0| 26.0| | 210.142.27.202| 2300| 12 |...
<python><pyspark>
2023-09-21 15:34:15
1
494
sam
77,151,492
1,874,170
Can this algorithm be reversed in better than O(N^2) time?
<p>Say I've got the following algorithm to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijective_function" rel="nofollow noreferrer">biject</a> <code>bytes -&gt; Natural</code>:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>def rank(s: bytes) -&gt; int: k = 2**8 result = 0 offset = 0 for i, w in enumer...
<python><algorithm><time-complexity><ranking><lexicographic-ordering>
2023-09-21 15:06:06
3
1,117
JamesTheAwesomeDude
77,151,389
2,504,762
pandas dataframe how to add diff column which calculates difference between two consecutive rows
<p>I have a dataframe with two rows, and I want to add one more row which shows the difference between two rows.</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code> data = [ (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70), (10, 30, 30, 40, 50, 60, 100) ] df = pd.DataFrame(data, columns=[&quot;...
<python><pandas>
2023-09-21 14:53:05
1
13,075
Gaurang Shah
77,151,033
10,194,070
python cryptography can't installed on RHEL 8.6 when python version is 3.9
<p>we have tried to install the <code>cryptography</code> module on our RHEL 8.6 linux machine but without success</p> <p>here short details about our server</p> <pre><code>pip3 --version pip 23.2.1 from /usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip (python 3.9) python3 --version Python 3.9.16 pip3 list | grep setuptools...
<python><python-3.x><pip><rhel>
2023-09-21 14:07:40
1
1,927
Judy
77,150,937
12,013,353
Incorrect Fourier coefficients signs resulting from scipy.fft.fft
<p>I analysed a triangle wave using the Fourier series by hand, and then using the <code>scipy.fft</code> package. What I'm getting are the same absolute values of the coefficients, but with opposite signs.<br /> <a href="https://i.sstatic.net/cgQN2.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/cgQN2.p...
<python><scipy><signal-processing><fft>
2023-09-21 13:55:05
1
364
Sjotroll
77,150,911
9,318,372
Equivalent to `pip install -r requirements-dev.txt` for `pyproject.toml`?
<p>Is there an equivalent <code>pip</code> command to install development dependencies (without installing the main project) if they are listed in (subgroups of) the <code>[project.optional-dependencies]</code> table of <code>pyproject.toml</code> instead of a separate <code>requirements-dev.txt</code> file?</p>
<python><pip><requirements.txt>
2023-09-21 13:50:41
0
1,721
Hyperplane
77,150,855
9,069,780
Python crashes with LD_PRELOAD and ThreadSanitizer library
<p>I have a scenario where a python script loads a shared object on a Ubuntu 20 x64 system. The shared object is instrumented with thread sanitizer. However, once the libary loads it spawns a &quot;cannot allocate memory in static TLS block&quot; error. The usual method to deal with this is to preload libtsan.so.0 with...
<python><sanitizer><thread-sanitizer>
2023-09-21 13:44:24
0
1,073
Desperado17
77,150,840
3,103,767
pandas: Use apply to get columns with two highest values
<p>I have a pandas dataframe and for each row would like to get the indices to the columns containing the two highest values</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>df = pd.DataFrame({&quot;A&quot;: [10,20,30], &quot;B&quot;: [20, 30, 10], &quot;C&quot;: [3,4,5], &quot;D&quot;: [4,5,6], &quot;E&quot;: [7,6,...
<python><pandas><dataframe><apply>
2023-09-21 13:42:38
3
983
Diederick C. Niehorster
77,150,818
4,021,436
Converting (or getting) Matplotlib to find Helvetica (or equivalent) non-tff font files
<p>I am working on RHEL 8.6. I am using <code>Python-3.6.8</code> and <code>matplotlib-3.0.3</code>. I am trying to get Matplotlib to use Helvetica (or an Open Source Clone). I followed Red Hat's <a href="https://access.redhat.com/solutions/6957193" rel="nofollow noreferrer">instructions</a> on installing it :</p> <...
<python><matplotlib><fonts>
2023-09-21 13:39:47
0
5,207
irritable_phd_syndrome
77,150,721
4,628,597
Filter xarray ZARR dataset with GeoDataFrame
<p>I am reading a ZARR file from a s3 bucket with xarray. I got to successfully filter by time and latitude/longitude:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code> def read_zarr(self, dataset: str, region: Region) -&gt; Any: # Read ZARR from s3 bucket fs = s3fs.S3FileSystem(key=&quot;KEY&quot...
<python><geojson><geopandas><python-xarray><zarr>
2023-09-21 13:26:43
1
2,509
0xSwego
77,150,588
11,064,604
Python subprocess communicating with Powershell and Pipeline Operators
<p>I am looking to find the starttime of all chrome instances on my windows computer. In powershell, I can do this via <code>get-process chrome | Format-Table StartTime</code>.</p> <p>I want to do this in a python script and use the output of this. My code is below:</p> <pre><code>import subprocess call = &quot;power...
<python><powershell><subprocess>
2023-09-21 13:12:07
2
353
Ottpocket
77,150,574
9,392,446
Iterate through nested lists in pandas column and create dictionary based on values in nested lists
<p>I have a dataframe like:</p> <pre><code>id some_binary_col some_amount_col nested_lists 123 0 100 ['email_rule','phone_rule','score_rule'] 456 1 500 ['address_rule','zip_rule'] 121 1 ...
<python><pandas>
2023-09-21 13:10:34
2
693
max
77,150,535
1,609,428
What are the "word types" in gensim?
<p>I am training a large <code>word2vec</code> model with <code>gensim</code> and using logging to follow the training process. The log shows that</p> <pre><code>PROGRESS: at sentence #3060000, processed 267654284 words, keeping 940042 word types </code></pre> <p>What are these word types? The unique words among the 20...
<python><gensim>
2023-09-21 13:06:36
1
19,485
ℕʘʘḆḽḘ
77,150,223
9,542,989
Connect to Couchbase Capella with Python: UnAmbiguousTimeoutException
<p>I am trying to connect to Couchbase Capella using the Python SDK. I have tried doing this exactly as outlined here, <a href="https://docs.couchbase.com/python-sdk/current/hello-world/start-using-sdk.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://docs.couchbase.com/python-sdk/current/hello-world/start-using-sdk.html</a></p>...
<python><couchbase>
2023-09-21 12:25:45
0
2,115
Minura Punchihewa
77,150,045
22,113,674
Pyspark - How to assign column names to default key 'key' and its values to 'value'
<p>Consider below sample data -</p> <p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/VhEMp.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/VhEMp.png" alt="enter image description here" /></a></p> <p>Doing below code -</p> <pre><code>from pyspark.sql.functions import * df_result1 = df_data.groupBy(col(&quot;Name&quot;)...
<python><json><pyspark>
2023-09-21 11:59:32
1
339
mpr
77,150,017
7,486,038
Dash Visualization to highlight a Table Row Based on Hover data
<p>I am trying to build an interactive dash plotly visual , containing a bunch of images and a table. The following code generates some synthetic data, with X having 536 normalized heatmaps of dimension 96x96 and y containing integers 0 to 9. Thus 0 has 200 samples , 1 has 10 samples and so on. For each element in y ,...
<python><plotly><plotly-dash>
2023-09-21 11:55:48
1
326
Arindam
77,149,812
3,387,716
Intersection and difference of multiple sets
<p>I have multiple lists of &quot;associations&quot; as input:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>input1 = [ ('id1', 'id2', 'id3', 'id4'), ('id5',), ('id6', 'id7', 'id8') ] input2 = [ ('id1', 'id2', 'id4'), ('id3',), ('id5',), ('id7', 'id6', 'id8') ] input3 = [ ('id1', '...
<python>
2023-09-21 11:28:30
1
17,608
Fravadona
77,149,797
6,703,783
How to create a new column in dataframe whose value is derived from other columns of the dataframe
<p>I have a dataframe which has columns <code>a</code>,<code>b</code>. I want to create, in same dataframe, another column whose value (for each row) should be <code>a*b</code>. How do I do that?</p> <p>I tried few examples but none are working</p> <pre><code>short_df['Revenue'] = short_df.(lambda row: (row['UnitPrice'...
<python><dataframe><pyspark><apache-spark-sql>
2023-09-21 11:25:37
1
16,891
Manu Chadha
77,149,732
1,652,219
Can a primary_key be avoided in SQLAlchemy when creating a table?
<p>I have a database with a bunch of huge tables, and I would like to</p> <ol> <li>Use SQLAlchemy to interact with these tables</li> <li>Create similar tables (with a few rows) in a local sqlite database for testing</li> <li>Test SQLAlchemy queries against sqlite tables for unittests</li> </ol> <p>So I found out that o...
<python><sql-server><sqlite><sqlalchemy>
2023-09-21 11:17:09
1
3,944
Esben Eickhardt
77,149,625
21,859,039
How to extract values from a dictionary based on index
<p>Lets say I have one dictionary, one list with indexes that are not na, and indexes that are na. I want to extract the information based on each different object inside the dictionary with this list of indexes, but I want to know the key name of each object.</p> <pre><code>notna_idxs = [1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, ] na_idxs...
<python><dictionary>
2023-09-21 10:58:43
2
301
Jose M. González
77,149,581
3,019,905
How do I build a grpc Enum invariant from an int in python?
<p>I have a grpc method used to query the internal state of some remote object on the server. This internal state includes an enum for the status, which I have replicated in the expected gRPC response message like this:</p> <pre><code>rpc QueryState (QueryRequest) returns (QueryResponse) {} enum Status { STATUS_UNSP...
<python><python-3.x><grpc><grpc-python>
2023-09-21 10:53:13
1
1,518
Dash83
77,149,470
8,176,763
using sklearn pipeline with xgboost and onehotencoder
<p>I have a pipeline in sklearn like this:</p> <pre><code>from sklearn.pipeline import make_pipeline from sklearn.preprocessing import OneHotEncoder import xgboost as xgb pipe = make_pipeline(OneHotEncoder(drop='first'),xgb.XGBRegressor()) </code></pre> <p>My data comprises of 2 columns that are categorical in X:</p> ...
<python><scikit-learn><xgboost>
2023-09-21 10:37:44
0
2,459
moth
77,149,445
21,185,825
PyQt - cannot add buttons to tree children
<p>I create a tree-view that should look like:</p> <pre><code>parent1 path branch [button] path branch [button] ... </code></pre> <p>I create the tree like this</p> <pre><code>def create_tree(self,containerWidget): self.repo_tree = QTreeView(self) self.repo_tree.setGeometry(10, 10, 580, 380) self.rep...
<python><button><pyqt><tree>
2023-09-21 10:32:59
1
511
pf12345678910
77,149,259
10,771,559
plotly go.bar add legend for categorical colour variable
<p>I am trying to use go.bar to make subplot bar graphs. I want to colour the bars by the categorical materials variable. I have managed to this, but also want a shared legend between the subplots showing the color by material.</p> <pre><code>materials=['food', 'flowers', 'chess', 'garden', 'kitchen'] x=['browns', 'hig...
<python><plotly>
2023-09-21 10:09:45
1
578
Niam45
77,149,255
11,887,333
Executable scripts installed via `pip` of different Python versions
<p>To my knowledge, <code>pip</code> can install both packages and executable scripts, in latter case it creates a command-line wrapper so we can run the package from the command-line.</p> <p>Let's say I have different versions of Python installed on my machine, such as <code>python3.10</code> and <code>python3.11</co...
<python><pip><command-line-interface>
2023-09-21 10:09:14
1
861
oeter
77,149,205
6,515,755
Gotenberg img convertion for pdf size opimization
<p>I use <a href="https://gotenberg.dev/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://gotenberg.dev/</a> docker image for converting html with img to pdf.</p> <p>I have a webp image of reasonable size.</p> <p>I generate pdf with pyhon code like</p> <pre><code>with io.BytesIO() as tmp_index_html: tmp_index_html.write(b&quot;&...
<python><image><pdf><gotenberg>
2023-09-21 10:02:39
1
12,736
Ryabchenko Alexander
77,149,187
9,816,919
opuslib decoding fails with "corrupt stream" on the opus header packet
<p>I have a valid ogg audio file (works in several players including <a href="https://opus-codec.org/release/dev/2018/09/18/opus-tools-0_2.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">opus-tools opusdec</a>; ffmpeg correctly identifies the file and reports no problems). The audio stream has two channels, a sample rate of 48kHz, and...
<python><audio><opus>
2023-09-21 10:00:06
1
853
Gaberocksall
77,149,178
14,244,880
Python Process fails map() silently
<p>When assigning tasks to <code>ProcessPoolExecutor</code> using <code>.map()</code>, any failures in mapping are swallowed silently. Is there anyway to force a compile error?</p> <p>Simplest way to replicate:</p> <pre><code>def hello(x): print(&quot;hello&quot;, x) if __name__ == '__main__': a = [x for x in ...
<python><multiprocessing>
2023-09-21 09:59:26
1
306
z.x.99
77,149,150
17,884,397
Iterating over a 2d sliding window over a numpy array
<p>I have a function <code>my_fun</code> which works on a <code>kxk</code> window of an image and returns a scalar.</p> <p>I want to iterate over the image pixels and extract, for each pixel, a window of size <code>kxk</code> around it.<br /> The <code>k</code> parameter is an odd number.</p> <p>I am looking for an ite...
<python><numpy><performance><image-processing>
2023-09-21 09:57:43
1
736
Eric Johnson
77,148,941
14,468,588
How to reconstruct MMW image using electrical field in each direction at Reciever points
<p>I have used a structure including 109 Receivers and 4 transmitters in order to do MMW imaging(multistatic imaging). Imaging was done in 3 different frequencies. So, now I have electrical field in each direction at each receiver point resulted from each transmitter at those frequencies. I just want to know how can I ...
<python><matlab><signal-processing><imaging><back-projection>
2023-09-21 09:31:11
0
352
mohammad rezza
77,148,846
997,381
Python: Get substring of a string with a closest match to another string
<p>A nice algorithmic trivia for you today. :)</p> <p>I have two strings – one is a longer sentence and the another one is shorter sentence that was discovered by LLM within the longer one. Let's see an example:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Long sentence:</strong> &quot;If you're a coder you should consider buying a MacBook Pr...
<python><string-comparison><levenshtein-distance>
2023-09-21 09:18:38
1
1,404
cadavre
77,148,835
3,099,733
python print method will raise encoding error when following | or > in powershell on windows
<p>Given the following python script <code>test.py</code></p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code># -*- coding: utf-8 -*- print(&quot;Er, Süleyman&quot;) </code></pre> <p>Here is the result of running this script in powershell</p> <pre><code>python test.py # success Er, Süleyman python test.py &gt; tmp...
<python><powershell><gbk>
2023-09-21 09:17:13
0
1,959
link89
77,148,809
4,239,879
Can't get print_control_identifiers() to work in a very basic scenario
<p><code>Neither GUI element (wrapper) nor wrapper method 'print_control_identifiers' were found (typo?)</code> error is returned for Application and DialogWrapper classes. WindowSpecification class returns None.</p> <p>I was expecting the <code>WindowSpecification</code> to return at least <em>something</em>. Because ...
<python><pywinauto>
2023-09-21 09:14:02
1
2,360
Ivan
77,148,664
10,694,589
calculate the RMS intensity image with opencv
<p>I would like to calculate the intensity of I(x,y)/Io(x,y).</p> <p>First, I read my images using rawpy because I have .nef files (Nikon raw). Then I use opencv to transform my images into grayscale and I calculate I(x,y)/Io(x,y). Where I(x,y) is &quot;brut&quot; and Io(x,y) is &quot;init&quot;.</p> <p>But after divid...
<python><numpy><opencv><matplotlib><rawpy>
2023-09-21 08:55:23
1
351
Suntory
77,148,649
4,541,649
Parametrize schema name when creating DB tables with sqlalchemy
<p>I have a module <code>db_models.py</code> where I define my tables like so:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>from sqlalchemy import Column, String, Date from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base Base = declarative_base() class MyTable(Base): __tablename__ = 'mytable' __tab...
<python><database><oop><sqlalchemy><database-schema>
2023-09-21 08:53:38
1
1,655
Sergey Zakharov
77,148,597
14,998,459
How to suppress a pip install error in jupyter notebook?
<p>I am trying to install a pip package, without getting any output of that cell, but I can't suppress this error:</p> <pre><code>!pip install -qqq llama-cpp-python --force-reinstall --upgrade --no-cache-dir --progress-bar off </code></pre> <blockquote> <p>ERROR: pip's dependency resolver does not currently take into a...
<python><python-3.x><jupyter-notebook><pip>
2023-09-21 08:46:59
0
716
TkrA
77,148,586
17,473,587
Django exclude() query with violation
<p>I have this model:</p> <pre><code>class SettingMenus(models.Model): cat = models.ForeignKey(Setting, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name=&quot;menus&quot;, null=True) index = models.SmallIntegerField(validators=[MaxValueValidator(32766)], default=0) name = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True) ...
<python><django><django-models><django-views>
2023-09-21 08:46:05
1
360
parmer_110
77,148,469
11,637,422
How to re-order a dataframe based on the first non-zero value of each row
<p>I have a pandas dataframe of sales of stores opened in different dates, with the columns being months. I want to reorder the dataframe so that the columns go for 1st month since opening, 2nd month since opening... This is so that I can comparer 1st month performance for each store. The dataframe is something like:</...
<python><pandas><dataframe>
2023-09-21 08:31:07
4
341
bbbb
77,148,343
4,453,737
How to split query string using Multiple Delimiter (=, !=, >=) using regex
<p>I want to split query string which might have multiple delimiter.</p> <p>My strings are, <code>book_id=123&amp;start_date&gt;=2023-09-12&amp;end_date&lt;=2023-09-14&amp;status!=return</code></p> <p>We have 6 delimiters, <code>=, !=, &gt;, &lt;, &gt;=, &lt;=</code></p> <p>I want to split string if any one of the abov...
<python><regex><delimiter>
2023-09-21 08:12:43
1
20,393
Mohideen bin Mohammed
77,148,259
8,444,568
Omitting middle characters if string is too long when display a pandas DataFrame
<p>When display a DataFrame in Jupyter Notebook, if the string value is too long, the last characters will be omitted:</p> <pre><code>df = pd.DataFrame({'A':['ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ']}) display(df) </code></pre> <p>output:</p> <div class...
<python><pandas>
2023-09-21 07:59:04
2
893
konchy
77,148,243
16,521,194
How to check if an object has an attribute, even Optional?
<p>I was wondering if there was a way to list every attribute of a class, discriminating between optional and non-optional.</p> <p>This method would ideally be able to handle the following example:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>from typing import Dict, Optional, Union class TestClass: id: int...
<python><python-typing>
2023-09-21 07:56:28
1
1,183
GregoirePelegrin
77,148,198
1,532,338
Failed to create folder in S3 bucket using boto3
<p>I am trying to create a folder/directory in S3 bucket using boto3 library. Here is my sample code.</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>import boto3 access_key = &quot;REDACTED&quot; secret_key = &quot;REDACTED&quot; endpoint = &quot;http://REDACTED&quot; o = boto3.client( 's3', endpoint_url=end...
<python><amazon-s3><boto3>
2023-09-21 07:49:21
1
3,846
Abhishek Kulkarni
77,148,138
1,609,428
How to iterate and read one row at at time from multiple parquet files?
<p>I know we can use <code>pyarrow</code> to read batches of rows from a given parquet file</p> <pre><code>import pyarrow.parquet as pq parquet_file = pq.ParquetFile('/mybigparquet.pq') for i in parquet_file.iter_batches(batch_size=100): do something </code></pre> <p>The problem is that I have several parquet files ...
<python><pyarrow>
2023-09-21 07:41:59
1
19,485
ℕʘʘḆḽḘ
77,147,856
3,758,912
Mixing Http and Websockets in Python Quart
<p>So my application needed to employ both a RESTful backend and a websockets backend. So I switched my API from Flask to Quart. However, even when following the docs to word the issue remains.</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>@app.websocket(&quot;/gen-image&quot;) async def gen_image_ws(): while...
<python><websocket><python-asyncio><quart>
2023-09-21 06:59:20
0
776
Mudassir
77,147,718
15,142,650
Google gmail api rate limite exceed error
<p>I am using google gmail api for read otp, but whenever I try to run this function it somethimes gave <code>user rate limit exceed</code>, here what I should change to overcome this error. this error i am getting intermittently</p> <pre><code>def get_otp(): logger.info(&quot;------ get_otp function started ------...
<python><google-api><gmail><gmail-api>
2023-09-21 06:36:50
1
1,658
sanket kheni
77,147,449
5,844,628
Transform comma separated string into separate rows in data frame
<p>I have a dataFrame that looks like this:</p> <pre><code>user | items -------------------------------------- user1 | apple, bread, cheese, orange user2 | apple, corn, strawberry, squash . | . . | . . | . </code></pre> <p>Final dataFrame should look like:</p> <pre><code>user | items ------...
<python><pandas><dataframe>
2023-09-21 05:43:13
3
417
user5844628
77,147,430
2,759,719
Calculating sales tax with Stripe tax
<p>I'm trying to calculate Stripe tax using Stripe Python library</p> <pre><code>resp = stripe.tax.Calculation.create( currency=USD_ISO_CODE, line_items=[{&quot;amount&quot;: total_base_cost, &quot;reference&quot;: &quot;L1&quot;}], shipping_cost={&quot;amount&quot;: shipping_cost, &quot;tax_code&quot;: &qu...
<python><stripe-payments><stripe-tax>
2023-09-21 05:38:23
0
4,199
mrQWERTY
77,147,297
1,609,428
use gensim with a pyarrow iterable
<p>Consider this code</p> <pre><code>import pyarrow.parquet as pq from gensim.models import Word2Vec parquet_file = pq.ParquetFile('/mybigparquet.pq') for i in parquet_file.iter_batches(batch_size=100): print(&quot;training on batch&quot;) batch = i.to_pandas() model = Word2Vec(sentences= batch.tokens,...
<python><gensim><pyarrow>
2023-09-21 04:59:43
1
19,485
ℕʘʘḆḽḘ