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75,644,550
12,226,377
Rule based extraction from a pandas string using NLP
<p>I have a sit-in where I am performing a keyword extraction and building a category on top of it which is working fine as I am able to do a <code>str.contains</code> for a single keyword. But what if I want to use a string of keywords and build multiple sub categories on top of it. For example from the column Text I ...
<python><pandas><text-extraction>
2023-03-05 18:44:55
1
807
Django0602
75,644,507
11,665,178
Python AWS Lambda in error because of pyjwt[crypto] (cryptography)
<p>I have the following error when i run my AWS lambda under python 3.9 :</p> <pre><code>[ERROR] Runtime.ImportModuleError: Unable to import module 'lambda_function': /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.28' not found (required by /var/task/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust.abi3.so) Traceback (most recent call last): </...
<python><docker><ubuntu><aws-lambda><python-cryptography>
2023-03-05 18:40:52
1
2,975
Tom3652
75,644,459
12,871,587
Polars read_excel issue with a date format
<p>I'm trying to read rather messy excel file(s) to Polars dataframe, but getting a &quot;XlsxValueError: Error: potential invalid date format.&quot;.</p> <p>I believe that the issue is related to some date column values being in excel numerical date format that raises the error. Is there a way for me to put a setting ...
<python><python-polars>
2023-03-05 18:32:16
1
713
miroslaavi
75,644,257
1,873,108
Unable to cast Python instance of type <class 'dict'> to C++
<p>I'm trying to pass dict[str, object] from Python to C++ to do some operations &amp; keep object in C++ while it's being used.</p> <pre class="lang-cpp prettyprint-override"><code>typedef std::map&lt;std::string, py::object&gt; dataMap; void init_basicWindowMule(pybind11::module_ &amp; m) { pybind11::class_&lt;t...
<python><c++><pybind11>
2023-03-05 17:56:44
1
1,076
Dariusz
75,644,182
3,552,975
Change the color of placeholder text of prompt_toolkit prompt in Python?
<p>The following is my code that causes this error: <code>TypeError: argument of type 'HTML' is not iterable</code></p> <pre><code>from prompt_toolkit import prompt from prompt_toolkit.formatted_text import FormattedText, HTML def get_input(): prompt_text = [ (&quot;class:prompt-prefix&quot;, HTML('&lt;an...
<python><colors><prompt-toolkit>
2023-03-05 17:43:15
1
7,248
Lerner Zhang
75,644,169
2,326,961
How to stop subprocesses that communicate with the main process through request and response queues?
<p>I have a Python program that starts <em>N</em> subprocesses (clients) which send requests to and listen for responses from the main process (server). The interprocess communication uses pipes through <code>multiprocessing.Queue</code> objects according to the following scheme (one queue per consumer, so one request ...
<python><multiprocessing><pipe><client-server><message-queue>
2023-03-05 17:41:34
2
8,424
Géry Ogam
75,644,097
2,783,767
Is there a way to clear GPU memory after training the TF2 model
<p>I’m training multiple models sequentially, which will be memory-consuming if I keep all models without any cleanup. However, I am not aware of any way to the graph and free the GPU memory in Tensorflow 2.x. Is there a way to do so? Below is my code.</p> <pre><code>import os os.chdir(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(_...
<python><tensorflow>
2023-03-05 17:30:50
1
394
Granth
75,644,077
6,494,707
PyTorch: RuntimeError: zero-dimensional tensor (at position 0) cannot be concatenated
<p>I have two tensors:</p> <pre><code># losses_q tensor(0.0870, device='cuda:0', grad_fn=&lt;SumBackward0&gt;) # this_loss_q tensor([0.0874], device='cuda:0', grad_fn=&lt;AddBackward0&gt;) </code></pre> <p>When I am trying to concat them, PyTorch raises an error:</p> <pre><code>losses_q = torch.cat((losses_q, this_loss...
<python><python-3.x><pytorch><tensor><pytorch-geometric>
2023-03-05 17:28:01
1
2,236
S.EB
75,644,033
403,425
Pillow gives AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'seek' when trying to save a file
<p>I'm trying to create a view in Django, using Django REST Framework and its <code>FileUploadParser</code>, where I can upload an image to, and it then stores both the original image and a thumbnail.</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>class ImageUploadParser(FileUploadParser): media_type = &quot;i...
<python><django-rest-framework><python-imaging-library>
2023-03-05 17:19:13
1
5,828
Kevin Renskers
75,644,014
10,566,763
Python `pip` on Windows - SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED
<p>I'm working with Windows and since two days ago, I'm getting the following error:</p> <pre><code> ERROR: Could not install packages due to an OSError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='f iles.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /packages/da/6 d/1235da14daddaa6e47f74ba0c255358f0ce7a6ee05da8bf8eb49...
<python><pip><ssl-certificate>
2023-03-05 17:15:51
3
706
notarealgreal
75,643,921
4,020,302
Append new column to csv based on lookup
<p>I have two csv files lookup.csv and data.csv. I'm converting lookup.csv as dictionary and need to add new column in data.csv based on the column.</p> <p>Input:</p> <p>lookup.csv</p> <pre><code> 1 first 2 second ... </code></pre> <p>data.csv</p> <pre><code> 101 NYC 1 202 DC 2 </code></pre> <p>Expected out...
<python><python-3.x><pandas><csv>
2023-03-05 17:02:47
3
405
praneethh
75,643,822
14,729,820
How to replace specific string in data frame column value?
<p>I have <code>input.txt</code> file that has 2 columns (<code>file_name,text</code>) and want to replace &quot; &quot; seprater charchter (which represnt tab here becuse I spreated txt file by this char) that apperar in <code>text</code> column</p> <p>example for input file :</p> <pre><code>0.jpg Jól olvasom? ...
<python><pandas><dataframe><text><deep-learning>
2023-03-05 16:45:52
2
366
Mohammed
75,643,736
5,378,816
What is the correct typing for this case (subclassed method)?
<p>I can't get the following type hint right. Could you please help?</p> <pre><code># example edited to make simpler (was async) from typing import Any, Callable, ClassVar class Base: def n_a(self) -&gt; str: return 'N/A' meth1: ClassVar[Callable[[Base], str]] = n_a # also meth2, meth3, ... clas...
<python><python-typing>
2023-03-05 16:33:51
1
17,998
VPfB
75,643,701
10,415,970
How to stop headless Python Selenium from stealing window focus?
<p>I'm using Python Selenium in headless mode and I have some parts of the script that open new tabs, do clicks, etc.</p> <p>However, it keeps stealing my computer's window focus and putting it on the script. Is there a way to prevent this from happening?</p> <p>For example: I'm doing literally anything else on my comp...
<python><selenium-webdriver><headless-browser>
2023-03-05 16:28:40
0
4,320
Zack Plauché
75,643,572
1,770,724
Get Dropbox folder path in Python
<p>I need to know the local Dropbox path in any machine (mac or windows) whereever is this file (might be in a seconcary hard drive) and whatever is its name (might be 'E:\My_funny_dropbox'). I'm using the dropbox API. In the Dropbox website, I've set a token to grant access to &quot;files.metadata.read&quot;. The toke...
<python><python-3.x><dropbox>
2023-03-05 16:12:07
2
4,878
quickbug
75,643,203
12,715,723
How to make a random function without using any library?
<p>I know that the way to produce random numbers from 0 to 1 (<code>0.0 ≤ n &lt; 1.0</code>) can be done using a code like this in Python:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>import random print(random.random()) </code></pre> <p>But I'm curious about how this function can be made and how it works. Is an...
<python><random>
2023-03-05 15:13:55
1
2,037
Jordy
75,643,086
11,498,867
how to loop over a list of dataframes and change specific values
<p>I have a list of dataframes. Each dataframe of the list has following format:</p> <p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/s5qYC.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/s5qYC.png" alt="enter image description here" /></a></p> <p>(screenshot from spyder)</p> <p>On this list of dataframes, I perform se...
<python><pandas><dataframe><for-loop>
2023-03-05 14:55:00
1
1,302
RobH
75,643,059
683,367
How to yield into asyncio.run?
<p>I know I'm missing something basic here.</p> <p><strong>Prerequisite</strong>: I'm not allowed to edit <code>'__main__'</code>.</p> <p>Given that prerequisite, how can I print <code>x</code> as soon as <code>fun()</code> returns something ? I know I can use <code>asynio.gather</code>, but that would mean waiting for...
<python><python-asyncio>
2023-03-05 14:50:59
0
3,102
Jibin
75,642,930
4,473,615
For loop in a single line and assign it to a variable in Python
<p>I need to assign a result of for loop to a variable. It is easy to print the for loop in a single line using <code>end =&quot; &quot;</code>, but I am unable to assign the result as a single line.</p> <pre><code>a = [1, 2, 3, 4] for i in range(4): print(a[i], end =&quot; &quot;) </code></pre> <p>Result is <code...
<python>
2023-03-05 14:30:23
3
5,241
Jim Macaulay
75,642,865
6,275,705
How can modify ViT Pytorch transformer model for regression task
<p>How can modify ViT Pytorch transformer model for regression task on datasets such as:</p> <ol> <li>Stock Prediction Dataset</li> <li>Real Estate Price Prediction</li> </ol> <p>Anyone have code or worked on transformer model for regression?</p>
<python><regression><transformer-model>
2023-03-05 14:17:00
1
396
saifhassan
75,642,673
11,028,342
ImportError: cannot import name 'ViT' from 'tensorflow.keras.applications'
<p>how to use Vision Transformer (ViT) models for image classification in tensorflow. I'm unable to import them in my pc with tensorflow (2.4.0) or in Google Colab (tensorflow 2.11) with</p> <pre><code>from tensorflow.keras.applications import ViT </code></pre> <p>The error bellow accured while executing the code:</p> ...
<python><tensorflow>
2023-03-05 13:46:10
2
547
Baya Lina
75,642,455
1,469,465
Django admin - building HTML page with 2,000 inlines is slow, while DB query is fast
<p><strong>Question in short</strong>: I have a model admin with tabular inlines. There are around 2,000 related records. Fetching them from the database takes only 1 ms, but then it takes 4-5 seconds to render them into an HTML page. What can I do to speed this up?</p> <p><strong>Question in detail:</strong></p> <p>I ...
<python><django><django-templates><django-admin>
2023-03-05 13:13:13
1
6,938
physicalattraction
75,642,266
4,317,058
Default lib jars folder for Apache Toree kernel
<p>Say I want a default relative <code>lib</code> folder in jupyter notebook project directory where I can download custom jars so that I can import later without <code>%addjar</code> magic.</p> <p>I was under <a href="https://toree.incubator.apache.org/docs/current/user/installation/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">impress...
<python><scala><apache-spark><jupyter-notebook><apache-toree>
2023-03-05 12:38:44
2
25,529
Sergey Bushmanov
75,642,045
17,696,880
Separate this string using these separator elements but without removing them from the resulting strings
<pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>import re input_string = &quot;Sus cosas deben ser llevadas allí, ella tomo a sí, Lucy la hermana menor, esta muy entusiasmada. por verte hoy por la tarde\n sdsdsd&quot; #result_list = re.split(r&quot;(?:.\s*\n|.|\n|;|,\s*[A-Z])&quot;, input_string) result_list = re.spl...
<python><regex><split>
2023-03-05 11:55:52
2
875
Matt095
75,641,934
3,718,065
matplotlib fixed size when dragging RectangleSelector
<p>When I click the center of <code>RectangleSelector</code> and drag it to the edges of <code>axes</code>, the <strong>width</strong> or <strong>height</strong> will be changed (become smaller). This behavior is different from <code>EllipseSelector</code> whose <strong>width</strong> and <strong>height</strong> don't ...
<python><matplotlib>
2023-03-05 11:35:53
2
791
sfzhang
75,641,925
6,494,707
How to deal with the peptide sequences that have atypical amino acids in the seuqnces?
<p>I am not a bioinformatician and my question may sound basic.</p> <p>I have some issues with RDKit <strong>The issue:</strong> there are some sequences that have X in the antimicrobial peptide sequence. Seems that RDKit cannot process these cases. For example the following sequences: <code>seq = 'HFXGTLVNLAKKIL', 'H...
<python><bioinformatics><fingerprint><rdkit><cheminformatics>
2023-03-05 11:33:45
1
2,236
S.EB
75,641,662
12,902,027
Load csv file, using python
<pre><code>Beijing, China, [123,456,789,11] Tokyo, Japan, [153,456,788,12] Seoul, Korea, [144,559,363,211] </code></pre> <p>Using python, I would like to load this format of csv file. I know there are lots to achieve this. Show me some relevant smart way. I especially wish to know the way using pickle module.</p> <p>Th...
<python><json><csv><pickle>
2023-03-05 10:44:50
1
301
agongji
75,641,472
19,694,624
How to expose FastAPI app to the outside world?
<p>I've built a simple rest api with just one POST endpoint and I want to send the link (i.e., <code>https://mylink/docs</code>) to a another person who will be sending a POST request to my application.</p> <p>How do I send them the link? I'm running the app on <code>localhost</code> now obviously. I tried accessing <...
<python><fastapi>
2023-03-05 10:11:37
0
303
syrok
75,641,459
10,535,123
What are Keyword-only fields in Python, and when should I use them?
<p>I'm having trouble understanding what their role is and when I would want to use them. I would appreciate an explanation with an example.</p> <p>From the <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.10.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">doc</a>: dataclasses now supports fields that are keyword-only in the generated <s...
<python><python-dataclasses>
2023-03-05 10:09:04
0
829
nirkov
75,641,448
16,347,614
How to query nested object (with a particular key, value pair) in an array (in firebase) with python?
<p>I am new to Firebase and have started working with it. I have stored the data, and a document is in the following format:</p> <pre class="lang-js prettyprint-override"><code>{ title: &quot;Tera Hone Laga Hoon&quot;, album: &quot;Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani&quot; artists: [ {name: &quot;Atif Aslam&...
<python><firebase><google-cloud-firestore><nosql>
2023-03-05 10:06:29
1
574
Harsh Narwariya
75,641,389
7,301,792
How set ticks invisible but leave tick-lables are visible
<p>I plot a clock panel as:</p> <pre><code>import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np # Create a polar coordinates fig = plt.figure(figsize=(6, 6)) ax = fig.add_subplot(111, polar=True) # set ticks and labels angles = np.radians(np.linspace(0, 360, 12, endpoint=False)) labels = [str(l) for l in range(12)] ax....
<python><matplotlib>
2023-03-05 09:55:51
1
22,663
Wizard
75,641,372
17,973,259
Pygame resizable window when game is not active
<p>How can I make the window in my game resizable only when the game is not active, when self.stats.game_active is False in my code. This is how i'm setting the window in the <strong>init</strong> of the main class:</p> <pre><code>def __init__(self): &quot;&quot;&quot;Initialize the game, and create game resources....
<python><pygame>
2023-03-05 09:51:49
3
878
Alex
75,641,287
18,877,953
Using the right api_version of the azure SDK
<p>I am trying to verify the existence of some resources in my tenant. I use the <code>ResourceManagementClient</code> to do so, either the <code>check_existence_by_id</code> method or <code>get_by_id</code> as described in <a href="https://github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-python/issues/2808" rel="nofollow noreferrer">th...
<python><azure><azure-sdk><azure-sdk-python>
2023-03-05 09:36:28
1
780
LITzman
75,641,232
4,442,753
Numba: difference between using a factory function vs `cache=True`
<p>Looking for using (and improving execution speed of) a jitted (numba) function having one or several other jitted functions as parameters, I could see in <a href="https://numba.readthedocs.io/en/stable/user/faq.html#programming" rel="nofollow noreferrer">numbas's FAQ</a> the following:</p> <pre><code>dispatching wit...
<python><caching><numba>
2023-03-05 09:23:26
1
1,003
pierre_j
75,640,960
5,695,336
Run a coroutine in the background from a non-async function
<p>Here is a simplified version of what my code is doing, hope it is self-explanatory enough.</p> <pre><code>def config_changed(new_config: Any): apply_config(new_config) start() asyncio.create_task(upload_to_db({&quot;running&quot;: True})) async def upload_to_db(data: Any): await some_db_code(data) ...
<python><python-asyncio>
2023-03-05 08:24:05
2
2,017
Jeffrey Chen
75,640,922
2,908,017
How to make a ReadOnly Edit in a Python FMX GUI App
<p>I made an <code>Edit</code> on a <code>Form</code> using the <a href="https://github.com/Embarcadero/DelphiFMX4Python" rel="nofollow noreferrer">DelphiFMX Python Library</a>, but how do I make an <code>Edit</code> that is read-only?</p> <p>The user should be able to read text in the Edit, but not be able to enter th...
<python><user-interface><firemonkey>
2023-03-05 08:15:34
1
4,263
Shaun Roselt
75,640,866
2,908,017
How to add a border to a label in a Python VCL GUI App?
<p>I've made a simple <code>Hello World!</code> app in the <a href="https://github.com/Embarcadero/DelphiVCL4Python" rel="nofollow noreferrer">DelphiVCL GUI Library for Python</a>. &quot;Hello World!&quot; is shown on a <code>Label</code> on the <code>Form</code> as can be seen below with my code and screenshot:</p> <p...
<python><user-interface><vcl>
2023-03-05 08:02:29
1
4,263
Shaun Roselt
75,640,849
13,412,418
How to Store file_paths for fast matching queries?
<p>I am trying to store the file path of all files in a <strong>BUCKET</strong>. In my case a bucket can have millions of files. I have to display that folder structure in a UI for navigation.</p> <pre><code> storage_folder: - bucket_1 - bucket_files.txt - bucket_metadata.txt - bucket_2 - bucket_files.t...
<python><django>
2023-03-05 07:59:02
1
1,888
Abhishek Prajapat
75,640,837
3,459,293
Databricks to SQL connection Error : [unixODBC][Driver Manager]Can't open lib 'ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server'
<p>I am trying to connect to Azure SQL from Databricks by using following</p> <pre><code>import pyodbc # Connect to Azure SQL database server = 'xxxx.database.windows.net' database = 'db-dev-xxxx' username = 'abc' password = 'xyz' driver= '{ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server}' cnxn = pyodbc.connect('DRIVER='+driver+';SERV...
<python><sql-server><odbc><azure-databricks><databricks-sql>
2023-03-05 07:53:54
1
340
user3459293
75,640,781
1,872,639
How to access environment variables in dbt Python model
<ul> <li><a href="https://docs.getdbt.com/docs/build/environment-variables" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://docs.getdbt.com/docs/build/environment-variables</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.getdbt.com/reference/dbt-jinja-functions/env_var" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://docs.getdbt.com/reference/dbt-jinja-functi...
<python><snowflake-cloud-data-platform><dbt>
2023-03-05 07:36:10
2
1,524
Yohei Onishi
75,640,477
3,783,002
How to better visualize python file structure with VS 2022
<p>In PyCharm, I can check the structure of my current file using the &quot;Structure&quot; window. The figure below shows this window circled in red.</p> <p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/IGHV3.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/IGHV3.png" alt="enter image description here" /></a></p> <p>In...
<python><visual-studio><pycharm><ide><visual-studio-2022>
2023-03-05 06:01:14
1
6,067
user32882
75,640,466
11,586,653
Change plot axis with bioinfokit
<p>I have the following code which produces a volcano plot using Bioinfokit:</p> <pre><code>pip install bioinfokit import pandas as pd import numpy as np import bioinfokit from bioinfokit import analys, visuz import random lg2f = [random.uniform(-5,10) for i in range(0,4000)] pad = [random.uniform(0.0000001,0.999) fo...
<python><pandas><plot><bioinformatics>
2023-03-05 05:57:41
1
471
Chip
75,640,303
1,039,860
problem settinfg column span (setSpan) in QTableWidget with Python
<p>I have my header information in HeaderCol objects (below) that hold the text, the actual row the text is to appear on (it is one of the first two rows) the start column, and the span (number of columns)</p> <p>I have the following code:</p> <pre><code>import sys from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QTableWidget, QTableWidget...
<python><qt><qtablewidget>
2023-03-05 05:04:39
1
1,116
jordanthompson
75,640,254
2,975,684
How can I serialize / deserialize private fields in pydantic models
<p>I'm using pydantic to model objects which are then being serialized to json and persisted in mongodb For better encapsulation, I want to some fields to be private but I still want them to be serialized to json when saving to mongodb, and then deserialized back from json when I fetch the object from the db</p> <p>how...
<python><json><serialization><pydantic>
2023-03-05 04:48:07
1
443
Nir Brachel
75,640,162
16,853,253
Django showing error 'constraints' refers to the joined field
<p>I have two models Product and Cart. Product model has <code>maximum_order_quantity</code>. While updating quantity in cart, I'll have to check whether quantity is greater than <code>maximum_order_quantity</code>at database level. For that am comparing quantity with <code>maximum_order_quantity</code> in Cart Model ...
<python><django><django-models><foreign-keys><django-validation>
2023-03-05 04:17:54
1
387
Sins97
75,640,152
10,570,372
Child class with different signatures, how to reasonable resolve it without breaking the code?
<p>I am implementing machine learning algorithms from scratch using python. I have a base class called <code>BaseEstimator</code> with the following structure:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>from __future__ import annotations from typing import Optional, TypeVar import numpy as np from abc import ...
<python><oop><design-patterns>
2023-03-05 04:12:51
1
1,043
ilovewt
75,640,108
4,021,436
Why does pdb sometimes skip stepping into multi-part conditional?
<p>I have a Minimal Working Example code :</p> <p><code>test.py :</code></p> <pre><code>a = 4 b = 6 l = [4, 6, 7, 8] for t in l : if t == a or t == b: continue print(t) </code></pre> <p>I am stepping through the code using <code>pdb</code> (<code>python-3.9.2</code>) :</p> <pre><code>local: ~ $ python -...
<python><pdb>
2023-03-05 03:59:27
1
5,207
irritable_phd_syndrome
75,640,079
4,212,875
Removing rows in a pandas dataframe after groupby based on number of elements in the group
<p>I'm stuck trying to figure out the following: Given a pandas dataframe, I would like to group by by one of the columns, remove the first row in each group if the group has less than <code>n</code> rows, but remove the first and last row in each group if the group has <code>n</code> or more rows. Is there an efficien...
<python><pandas><dataframe>
2023-03-05 03:46:59
2
411
Yandle
75,640,046
14,328,098
How to use a fixed number of multi-processes in python?
<p>I want to analyze the results of different benchmark evaluations. I have many benchmarks, and when running on the server, I want to evaluate 10 in parallel at a time. In my python script, there is a function that does the evaluation.</p> <pre><code>def load_single_stat(benchmark,prefetcher, retry=False) </code></pre...
<python><multiprocessing>
2023-03-05 03:35:00
1
816
Gerrie
75,640,043
308,827
Fill in using unique values in pandas groupby
<pre><code>df = pd.DataFrame({'value': [1, np.nan, np.nan, 2, 3, 1, 3, np.nan, 3], 'name': ['A','A', 'B','B','B','B', 'C','C','C']}) name value 0 A 1 1 A NaN 2 B NaN 3 B 2 4 B 2 5 B 2 6 C 3 7 C NaN 8 C 3 </code></pre> <p>In the dataframe above, I wan...
<python><pandas>
2023-03-05 03:33:25
1
22,341
user308827
75,639,759
1,354,439
Parallelize AsyncGenerators
<p>I am looking for a <code>asyncio.create_task</code> equivalent for <code>AsyncGenerator</code>. I want the generator to already start executing in the background, without awaiting results explicitly.</p> <p>For example:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>async def g(): for i in range(3): ...
<python><asynchronous><python-asyncio><generator>
2023-03-05 01:43:16
2
5,979
Piotr Dabkowski
75,639,679
3,566,606
Type hint for a cast-like function that raises if casting is not possible
<p>I am having a function <code>safe_cast</code> which casts a value to a given type, but raises if the value fails to comply with the type at runtime:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>from typing import TypeVar T = TypeVar('T') def safe_cast(t: type[T], value: Any) -&gt; T: if isinstance(value...
<python><casting><mypy><python-typing>
2023-03-05 01:16:08
2
6,374
Jonathan Herrera
75,639,455
16,009,435
Modify the value of a multi-nested dictionary
<p>What is the best way to access a multi-nested dictionary by its value and modify its value? The way that the value is modified must be by its current value. To explain better, the below example array <code>myArr</code> has a nested dictionary with value <code>c2</code> how can I access that dictionary and modify <co...
<python>
2023-03-05 00:04:25
2
1,387
seriously
75,639,294
2,908,017
How to add a border to a label in a Python FMX GUI App?
<p>I've made a simple <code>Hello World!</code> app in the <a href="https://github.com/Embarcadero/DelphiFMX4Python" rel="nofollow noreferrer">DelphiFMX GUI Library for Python</a>. &quot;Hello World!&quot; is shown on a <code>Label</code> on the <code>Form</code> as can be seen below with my code and screenshot:</p> <p...
<python><user-interface><firemonkey>
2023-03-04 23:21:46
1
4,263
Shaun Roselt
75,639,160
2,908,017
What is the absolute simplest way to make a Python FMX GUI App?
<p>I've got the following Python code to make the FMX GUI Form, but I'm trying to make the code shorter if possible. What is the least amount of code that is required to make only a <code>Form</code> and show it. Here's my current code:</p> <pre><code>from delphifmx import * class frmMain(Form): def __init__(self,...
<python><user-interface><firemonkey>
2023-03-04 22:49:26
1
4,263
Shaun Roselt
75,639,149
661,720
Create a widget that acts as a terminal
<p>I need to write a Streamlit app that acts as a Terminal, meaning that it behaves exactly like the terminal would, including by asking the user for input() when required by the script.</p> <p>The script &quot;danse_macabre.py&quot; is a command line text RPG, so the user needs to give regular inputs and get responses...
<python><subprocess><streamlit>
2023-03-04 22:46:54
1
1,349
Taiko
75,639,090
3,316,136
Reading a CSV file with quotation and backslashes not working correctly
<p>I am trying to read a <strong>CSV file</strong> containing the following lines into a Pandas DataFrame:</p> <pre><code>103028,&quot;Kinokompaniya \&quot;Ego Production\&quot;&quot;,[ru],,K5251,K5251,ef6ba1a20ed58265766c35d9e2823f17 60985,&quot;Studio \&quot;Orlenok\&quot;, Central Television USSR&quot;,[ru],,S3645,S...
<python><pandas>
2023-03-04 22:33:58
2
333
Alexander
75,639,058
198,301
Creating an OFX file which an be opened by Quicken (v6.12.3) for macOS
<p>I have some investment accounts which I am tracking with Quicken for <em>macOS</em>. However, I am using the Quicken feature to auto-download the status of the account. However, the company does not support downloading the individual transactions, which I would like to also track inside of Quicken. But, I do not wan...
<python><ofx><quicken>
2023-03-04 22:27:22
1
8,782
ericg
75,639,004
16,009,435
positional argument error when trying to send a post request
<p>I am trying to send a post request to a python backend running on a fast API server. The current method I am using below throws error <code>test() takes 0 positional arguments but 1 was given</code> but I haven't passed any arguments to the function <code>test</code>. Why is this happening and how can I fix it? Than...
<python><fastapi>
2023-03-04 22:14:47
2
1,387
seriously
75,638,803
1,421,322
google cloud. upsert large csv file by chunks start to take a lot longer than expected
<p>I have a large csv files of prices that I want to upsert to a postgres table. I am reading it with pandas by chunks then uploading it into a temp table, then copy the temp table into the prices table and finally dropping the temp table. Locally this is really fast. each chunk takes 18s, and the file of 18M rows take...
<python><pandas><google-cloud-platform><google-cloud-sql><google-cloud-run>
2023-03-04 21:33:00
0
993
Courvoisier
75,638,799
19,694,624
I run into a discord.gateway warning "Shard ID None heartbeat blocked for more than x seconds."
<p>my simple bot checks of it got a .json file from an API, if it did, then the bot outputs some info and then deletes that .json file. But if it did not, then it checks again until there is a .json file in that directory.</p> <p>Bot actually works fine, but I get a warning <code>Discord.gateway warning &quot;Shard ID ...
<python><discord.py>
2023-03-04 21:32:32
1
303
syrok
75,638,561
11,741,232
Shared Memory in Python doesn't work if used within a Class
<p>I'm using the <code>multiprocessing.shared_memory</code> module in Python to very rapidly send images between Python processes on the same computer. When I use the shared memory code raw, it works without any problem.</p> <p>However, when I try to abstract it into a class, which would make it easier to use, it doesn...
<python><shared-memory><cpython>
2023-03-04 20:46:28
0
694
kevinlinxc
75,638,498
7,265,114
How to calculate cdf using scipy and xarray
<p>I want to fit a <code>gamma</code> distribution and get <code>cdf</code> from nd DataArray <code>test_data</code> below. Currently, I can do it with numpy.apply_along_axis function, but failed to implement on xarray.apply_ufunc(). I am not sure why it happened.</p> <p>Here is sample code.</p> <pre><code>import xarra...
<python><scipy><numpy-ndarray><python-xarray>
2023-03-04 20:34:45
0
1,141
Tuyen
75,638,494
6,357,916
Cupy API and elementwise kernel for faster neural network
<p>I know I can easily rewrite numpy dot product in cupy dot product by using corresponding API:</p> <pre><code>import numpy as np import cupy as cp arr1 = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]]) arr2 = np.array([[5, 6], [7, 8]]) np.dot(arr1, arr2) arr1_ = cp.asarray(arr1) arr2_ = cp.asarray(arr2) cp.dot(arr1_, arr2_) </code></pr...
<python><numpy><neural-network><cupy>
2023-03-04 20:33:50
0
3,029
MsA
75,638,453
19,425,874
How to combine creds.json file into python script and create a gui?
<p>It's been a long road, but I had 4 separate python scripts I wanted to combine as one.</p> <p>This is working and is listed below:</p> <pre><code>import gspread import requests from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import pandas as pd from oauth2client.service_account import ServiceAccountCredentials # Set up credentials...
<python><pandas><user-interface><python-requests><credentials>
2023-03-04 20:25:45
1
393
Anthony Madle
75,638,331
11,092,636
SQLAlchemy returns `list` instead of `Sequence[Row[_TP]]`
<p>The type-hinting of the method <code>sqlalchemy.engine.result.Result.fetchall()</code> suggests the method is supposed to return a <code>Sequence[Row[_TP]]</code> but when I print <code>print(type(result_1.fetchall()))</code>, I get a <code>list</code>. <a href="https://i.sstatic.net/WAS2n.png" rel="nofollow norefer...
<python><sqlalchemy><python-typing>
2023-03-04 20:00:15
2
720
FluidMechanics Potential Flows
75,638,222
1,315,621
Sqlalchemy + psycopg: cannot use column reference in DEFAULT expression
<p>I am trying to create the following table with Sqlalchemy on Postgres db:</p> <pre><code>from sqlalchemy import Column, DateTime, Float, Integer, String, func from sqlalchemy.orm import declarative_base Base = declarative_base() class Test(Base): __tablename__ = &quot;tests&quot; id = Column(Integer, pr...
<python><postgresql><sqlalchemy>
2023-03-04 19:40:03
1
3,412
user1315621
75,638,209
15,222,211
How to parse Fortigate config by python
<p>I need to parse the Fortigate config to find and change some commands by python, but I have not found good solution. Maybe someone has experience parsing the Fortigate configuration and can recommend a good tool for this task.</p> <p>I have experience with the <a href="https://github.com/mpenning/ciscoconfparse" rel...
<python><parsing><fortigate><ciscoconfparse>
2023-03-04 19:36:33
1
814
pyjedy
75,638,199
10,077,354
Why is unpickling a custom class with a restricted Unpickler forbidden although it is allowed in find_class?
<p>I'm required to run some code repeatedly to train a model. I found that using pickle for saving my object after one iteration of the code was useful, and I could load it and use it in my second iteration.</p> <p>But as pickle has the security issue, I wanted to use the <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/pick...
<python><python-3.x><pickle>
2023-03-04 19:35:23
1
2,487
Suraj
75,638,100
6,840,039
Python: how to calculate removal effect correctly using Markov Chains
<p>I have a bunch of path-to-purchase chains, and the more I have, the more I'm getting stuck about building the graph and calculating the removal effect.</p> <p>Let's imagine we have 5 different chains:</p> <ol> <li>start -&gt; facebook -&gt; google -&gt; remarketing -&gt; conversion</li> <li>start -&gt; facebook -&gt...
<python><graph><markov-chains>
2023-03-04 19:15:15
0
4,492
Petr Petrov
75,638,045
4,503,546
How to loop through variables w/ trend trading system
<p>I built a simple moving average trading system like so:</p> <pre><code>import pandas as pd import numpy as np def trendfunc(f1,fastnum,slownum): f1['Change'] = f1['Close'].pct_change() f1['Fast'] = f1['Close'].rolling(window=fastnum,center=False).mean() f1['Slow'] = f1['Close'].rolling(window=slownum,c...
<python><pandas><dataframe><loops>
2023-03-04 19:09:09
1
407
GC123
75,637,997
4,792,565
writing Yaml file in python with no new line
<p>Let's say I have the following snippet :</p> <pre><code>import yaml Key = [&quot;STAGE0&quot;, &quot;STAGE1&quot;] dict = {} dict[Key[0]] = [' '] dict[Key[1]] = [' '] dict[Key[0]][0]=&quot;HEY&quot; dict[Key[0]][0]=&quot;WHY newline?&quot; with open(&quot;SUMMARY.YAML&quot;, &quot;w&quot;) as file_yaml: yaml.du...
<python><file><io><yaml><pyyaml>
2023-03-04 19:02:32
2
525
Ayan Mitra
75,637,853
313,768
Adapt von Mises KDE to Seaborn
<p>I am attempting to use Seaborn to plot a bivariate (joint) KDE on a polar projection. There is no support for this in Seaborn, and no direct support for an angular (von Mises) KDE in Scipy.</p> <p><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/44783738">scipy gaussian_kde and circular data</a> solves a related but different c...
<python><numpy><scipy><seaborn><kernel-density>
2023-03-04 18:41:20
2
16,660
Reinderien
75,637,814
3,747,724
Overwrite Blender python class method?
<p>Not sure what the right words are but, I'm using Python to edit a 3d object in Blender. I can change the position by using:</p> <pre><code>some_3d_variable.obj.location = (0, 1, 0) </code></pre> <p>This moves the object to location (0, 1, 0) in meters i.e 100 centimeters:</p> <p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/tKgIS....
<python><blender>
2023-03-04 18:35:58
0
304
nammerkage
75,637,796
54,873
In pandas, how do I get multiple slices of a MultiIndexed-dataframe at a time?
<p>In pandas, I'm familiar with how to slice a Multi-Index with a list to get multiple values, like such:</p> <pre><code>(Pdb) df = pd.DataFrame({&quot;A&quot;: range(0,10), &quot;B&quot;: -1, &quot;C&quot;: range(20,30), &quot;D&quot;: range(30,40), &quot;E&quot;:range(40,50)}).set_index([&quot;A&quot;, &quot;B&quot;,...
<python><pandas>
2023-03-04 18:32:56
1
10,076
YGA
75,637,688
14,688,879
How to evenly space the grid on a matplotlib log scale
<p>How can I set the scale of a log-scaled axis in matplotlib to show values less than base^1 and space them evenly?</p> <p><strong>Example</strong>:</p> <p>I have a scale that looks like this:</p> <p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/SMf5S.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/SMf5S.png" alt="ent...
<python><matplotlib><graph><logarithm>
2023-03-04 18:15:56
1
342
confusedandsad
75,637,585
19,694,624
The rest of the python code doesn't work with FastAPI
<p>I want to make a discord bot that would work with data that would be sent from a web application via POST request. So for that I need to make my own API containing that POST request with FastAPI.</p> <p>My question is: how can make my API work with the rest of the code?</p> <p>Consider this example:</p> <pre><code>f...
<python><fastapi>
2023-03-04 18:00:59
2
303
syrok
75,637,560
3,672,883
Is this the correct way of use Protocol, and if it's why mypy fails?
<p>I have the following two classes:</p> <pre><code>@runtime_checkable class AbstractFolder(Protocol): def __iter__(self) -&gt; &quot;AbstractFolder&quot;: raise NotImplementedError def __next__(self) -&gt; AbstractFileReadable: raise NotImplementedError </code></pre> <p>and their implementatio...
<python><python-typing><mypy>
2023-03-04 17:57:11
1
5,342
Tlaloc-ES
75,637,544
5,356,096
Type-hinting based on custom config file structure
<p>Is there a method in Python or PyCharm to produce attribute type hints for a class that dynamically loads the attributes from a file?</p> <p>Consider the following <code>Settings</code> class:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>import re class Settings: &quot;&quot;&quot; This class loads ...
<python><pycharm><type-hinting>
2023-03-04 17:54:26
1
1,665
Jack Avante
75,637,511
17,082,611
os.listdir returns the error: no such file or directory even though the directory actually exists
<p>This is my project files structure:</p> <p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/Jubqj.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/Jubqj.png" alt="hierarchy" /></a></p> <p>and this is my <code>main.py</code> script:</p> <pre><code>if __name__ == '__main__': leukemia_dir = &quot;../dataset/leukemia&qu...
<python><directory><pycharm>
2023-03-04 17:49:34
2
481
tail
75,637,278
8,667,071
Why do small changes have dramatic effects on the runtime of my numba parallel function?
<p>I'm trying to understand why my parallelized numba function is acting the way it does. In particular, why it is so sensitive to how arrays are being used.</p> <p>I have the following function:</p> <pre><code>@njit(parallel=True) def f(n): g = lambda i,j: zeros(3) + sqrt(i*j) x = zeros((n,3)) for i in pra...
<python><performance><numba>
2023-03-04 17:11:44
1
366
Cavenfish
75,637,211
15,491,774
python schedule package with init function
<p>I need to create a init function, which needs to run before the scheduler starts. I am using the schedule package.</p> <p>Is there an easy way to add an init function, which runs before the scheduler starts.</p> <pre><code>import schedule def call_me(): print(&quot;I am invoked&quot;) schedule.every(1).seconds.d...
<python><schedule>
2023-03-04 17:00:53
1
448
stylepatrick
75,637,156
8,176,763
sub count of column values after group by pandas
<p>I have a dataframe like this:</p> <pre><code>df = pd.DataFrame({ 'org':['a','a','a','a','b','b'], 'product_version':['bpm','bpm','bpm','bpm','ppp','ppp'], 'release_date':['2022-07','2022-07','2022-07','2022-07','2022-08','2022-08'], 'date_avail':['no','no','no','yes','no','no'], 'status':['green','green','...
<python><pandas>
2023-03-04 16:50:18
4
2,459
moth
75,637,133
5,281,775
Padding time dimension in softmax output for CTC loss
<p>Network:</p> <pre><code>Input sequence -&gt; BiLSTM---------&gt; BiLSTM --------&gt; Dense with softmax Output shapes: (None, 5, 256) (None, 5, 128) (None, 5, 11) </code></pre> <p>Here is my CTC loss:</p> <pre><code>def calculate_ctc_loss(y_true, y_pred): batch_length = tf.cast(tf.shape(y_true)[0], dt...
<python><tensorflow><keras><loss-function><ctc>
2023-03-04 16:46:33
0
2,325
enterML
75,636,887
1,663,762
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'importlib.util' in
<p>I am trying to install a project I downloaded from github:</p> <pre><code>jlinkels@schrans-pc:/tmp/subsai/src/subsai$ pip3 install -I git+file:///tmp/subsai Collecting git+file:/tmp/subsai Cloning file:///tmp/subsai to /tmp/pip-req-build-8znnvukr Running command git clone -q file:///tmp/subsai /tmp/pip-req-build...
<python><python-3.x><pip>
2023-03-04 16:06:34
1
353
Johannes Linkels
75,636,358
7,236,133
Add a new column to Pandas data frame with aggregated data
<p>I implemented my own K-Fold cross validation (had a special case to deal with), and I need to save the predictions and its confidence as new columns.</p> <p>1- In each iteration: <code>test_predictions = clf.predict(X_test)</code></p> <p>2- Compare the perditions to ground truth:</p> <pre><code>treatments = test_fol...
<python><pandas>
2023-03-04 14:37:44
1
679
zbeedatm
75,636,356
1,946,052
Get solution value of variable by name in pySCIPopt
<p>I want to get the solution value of a model variable by name in pySCIPopt.</p> <p>It should be something like <code>model.getSolByName(&quot;x&quot;)</code>.</p> <p>Is this possible? (I didn't find anything like this.) I wrote my own child class of Model to do this, but wonder if there is a built in method.</p> <pre...
<python><pyscipopt>
2023-03-04 14:37:29
1
2,283
Michael Hecht
75,636,205
9,859,642
Merging series of 2D DataFrames to 3D xarray
<p>I have a series of 2D DataFrames that should be merged into a 3D xarray. The structure of DataFrames looks like this:</p> <div class="s-table-container"> <table class="s-table"> <thead> <tr> <th></th> <th>5 6 4</th> <th>8 -1 3</th> <th>angle</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>105.87</td> <td>459.62</td>...
<python><dataframe><python-xarray>
2023-03-04 14:11:16
1
632
Anavae
75,636,154
1,727,657
How do I append the index of a string to a list using extend() in python?
<p>I'm trying to look through a long string to find instances of a substring, then I want to create a list that has the index of each substring found and the substring found. But instead of the index in a readable form, I'm getting a reference to the object, such as <code> [&lt;built-in method index of str object at 0...
<python>
2023-03-04 14:02:56
3
477
OutThere
75,635,611
16,127,735
Pacman game with Pygame
<p>I am making a pacman game with python. Currently, the player moves continuously if I hold a certain key. So, for example, if I hold the left key, the player moves continuously to the left. But in the original pacman game, you can just press a key 1 time to move continuously instead of holding it. So I want to make t...
<python><pygame>
2023-03-04 12:16:33
0
1,958
Alon Alush
75,635,590
2,613,271
Subplots with common x and y labels and a common legend under the x-axis
<p>I am trying to plot a subplot with a common legend displayed at the bottom of the figure below a common x axis label, and with a common y-axis label. I have two ways of almost getting it working, except the first has the common y-axis label overlapping the axis tick labels, while with the second I can't figure out ...
<python><matplotlib>
2023-03-04 12:13:05
1
1,530
Esme_
75,635,528
12,439,683
Optuna sample fixed parameter depending on another parameter
<p>In my setting I have an abstract situation like the following, which shall only function as an example case:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>base = trial.suggest_int(1, 3) power = trial.suggest_int(1, 10) # value = base ** power </code></pre> <p>As when the <code>base == 1</code> the power parame...
<python><machine-learning><sampling><hyperparameters><optuna>
2023-03-04 12:01:19
1
5,101
Daraan
75,635,119
363,028
Set anchortype="paragraph" for image using odf.text
<p>I want to change <a href="https://github.com/turulomio/pdf2odt" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://github.com/turulomio/pdf2odt</a> so that images are 21cm wide (that was easy) and so that images are anchored to paragraph instead of as-char, so that the image goes all the way to the edge of the page.</p> <p>The ODT f...
<python><odf>
2023-03-04 10:42:33
1
34,146
Ole Tange
75,634,747
1,815,739
I want to get keys as integers using json serialization and deserialization and python
<p>I have this dict:</p> <pre><code>d={0:[1,2,3,None,1],1:[1,2,4,0,3],2:[4,6,2,3,4],3:[4,2,6,1,2],4:[2,2,6,2,None]} </code></pre> <p>I save it:</p> <pre><code>fo=open(&quot;test.json&quot;,&quot;w&quot;) json.dump(d,fo, sort_keys=True, indent=2, separators=(',', ': ')) fo.close() </code></pre> <p>I restore it:</p> <pre...
<python><json><dictionary><serialization><deserialization>
2023-03-04 09:25:57
1
496
The Dare Guy
75,634,703
2,202,718
csrf_exempt for class based views
<p>Code:</p> <pre><code>class ErrorReportView(View): def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return HttpResponse('Hello, World!') @method_decorator(csrf_exempt) def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return HttpResponse('Hello, World!') </code></pre> <p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/C...
<python><django><django-views>
2023-03-04 09:17:13
1
1,069
Trts
75,634,630
866,333
pytest command reports "Exception ignored" and "OSError: [WinError 6] The handle is invalid"
<p>I found this error running pytest from the command line. All my tests still passed but it bothers me:</p> <pre><code>Exception ignored in: &lt;function Pool.__del__ at 0x000001F5C70214E0&gt; Traceback (most recent call last): File &quot;C:\Program Files\Python311\Lib\multiprocessing\pool.py&quot;, line 271, in __d...
<python><threadpool>
2023-03-04 09:02:53
1
6,796
John
75,634,466
5,962,321
Include or exclude (license) files from package data with pyproject.toml and setuptools
<h2>TL;DR</h2> <p>How does one reliably include files from <code>LICENSES/</code> (REUSE-style) in source archive and wheels for a Python package with a <code>src/</code> layout? How does one exclude specific files?</p> <h2>Details</h2> <p>I have a project structure that looks like</p> <pre><code>. ├── pyproject.toml ├...
<python><setuptools><python-packaging><python-wheel><pyproject.toml>
2023-03-04 08:22:54
1
2,011
Silmathoron
75,634,357
3,368,201
Dynamically modifying a class upon creation
<p>I have a <code>classmethod</code> that I want to be called automatically before or when any child of the class it belongs to gets created. How can I achieve that?</p> <p>Since I understand this can be an XY problem, here is why I (think I) need it, and my basic implementation.</p> <p>I have a class that gets inherit...
<python>
2023-03-04 07:52:31
3
2,880
frarugi87
75,634,294
4,473,615
Pandas DataFrame header to html
<p>Unable to convert pandas header alone to html. I have below code,</p> <pre><code>df = pd.read_csv(&quot;Employees.csv&quot;) df1= df.columns.to_frame() df1.to_html(&quot;upload.html&quot;) </code></pre> <p>Result of the code is ,</p> <p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/jZvwh.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="ht...
<python><html><pandas>
2023-03-04 07:35:07
3
5,241
Jim Macaulay
75,634,191
761,069
Django unions and temporary fields in serializers
<p>I have a DjangoRest view that finds several QuerySets of a Model (Item), calculates a &quot;rank&quot; for each item, and then passes the final list to a serializer.</p> <p>My &quot;rank&quot; field is a temporary field added by the serializer.</p> <p>When I try something like the this:</p> <pre class="lang-py prett...
<python><django><django-rest-framework>
2023-03-04 07:07:56
1
610
tanbog