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75,493,271
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Why isn't `all` builtin defined as TypeGuard?
<p>Let's say I have the following (common, there are similar SO questions, e.g. about <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/73079873/how-can-i-inform-mypy-that-a-setre-match-does-not-contain-none">filtering <code>set[re.Match | None]</code></a>):</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>from collectio...
<python><python-typing>
2023-02-18 12:16:51
0
8,871
STerliakov
75,493,258
7,057,547
python: Handling log output of module during program execution
<p>I'm setting up a logger in my script like shown at the bottom. This works fine for my purposes and logs my <code>__main__</code> log messages and those of any modules I use to stdout and a log file.</p> <p>During program execution a module call that I'm using <code>xarray.open_dataset(file, engine=&quot;cfgrib&quot;...
<python><exception><logging><error-logging><python-logging>
2023-02-18 12:13:57
0
351
squarespiral
75,492,795
11,974,537
How do I find all inner cells within a spatial network of nodes?
<p>I have an arbitrary network of nodes. This network could look something like this:</p> <p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/pfyqN.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/pfyqN.png" alt="enter image description here" /></a></p> <p>The nodes of this network have spatial positions, so they cannot be...
<python><networkx><polygon><shapely><topology>
2023-02-18 10:47:17
1
323
Laguilhoat
75,492,770
9,142,914
Why, suddenly, importing the exact same python module as before became so slow?
<p>I am running a python script that calls local modules (with import), and since few days it became so slow.</p> <p>I could not find the reason why it is so, neither on other Github posts or Google, that's why I am posting this.</p> <p>Providing code won't be of much help, but here is the import that poses a problem:<...
<python>
2023-02-18 10:40:56
1
688
ailauli69
75,492,605
7,089,108
Animate labels using FuncAnimation in Matplotlib
<p>I am not able to make (animated) labels using <code>FuncAnimation</code> from matplotlib. Please find below a minimal code that I made. <code>ax.annotate</code> has no effect at all - the animation itself works though. What can I change to get animated labels/titles, which are different for each frame?</p> <pre><cod...
<python><image><matplotlib><animation><matplotlib-animation>
2023-02-18 10:12:21
1
433
cerv21
75,492,367
833,139
How to install SCIP in python
<p>I'm actually a .NET programmer (C#), and have not enough experience with Python, but recently had to work on a Python project involving Integer Optimization, and found SCIP a good option. I've tried to install it using the following link:</p> <p><a href="https://www.scipopt.org/doc-3.2.1/html/PYTHON_INTERFACE.php" r...
<python><optimization><scip>
2023-02-18 09:25:27
2
3,299
Ali_dotNet
75,492,339
3,737,039
How to select a Python virtual environment in LunarVim
<p>I want to select a Python virtual environment for each of my different Python projects within LunarVim. In VSCode this would be &quot;F1 -&gt; Select Python Interpreter&quot;. How can I do this in LunarVim?</p>
<python><virtualenv><neovim><lunarvim>
2023-02-18 09:19:07
1
728
stefan
75,492,321
14,065,992
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory for Image Dataset one-hot encoded
<p>I tried to one-hot encoded using to_categorical() in my image dataset but I failed because of <code>FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory</code> error and the code is given below,</p> <pre><code>import os import numpy as np from PIL import Image from keras.utils import to_categorical # Define the c...
<python><keras><image-processing><deep-learning><one-hot-encoding>
2023-02-18 09:17:01
1
1,855
Imdadul Haque
75,492,216
2,602,550
FTS5 on sqlite through SQLalchemy
<p>My goal is to use SQLAlchemy to access a FTS5 table in sqlite3, with the virtual tables being updated at each insert. To this end, after doing some research (see <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/49917886/2602550">this answer</a>), I have coded the following:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>cl...
<python><sqlalchemy><flask-sqlalchemy>
2023-02-18 08:54:09
1
355
chronos
75,491,970
3,348,261
Enforcing shape and dtype when creating an array
<p>Using numpy 1.24.2, I'm trying to create a very simple array to store 3d coordinates using a dtype made of 3 floats. However, when using this dtype to create an array, <code>shape</code> and <code>dtype</code> are modified such that I cannot later find if the array hold 3d coordinates based on <code>dtype</code> onl...
<python><numpy>
2023-02-18 07:59:27
0
712
Nicolas Rougier
75,491,742
1,301,310
Pillow rotate not quite right
<p>It is hard to explain so please look at the image. It appears to rotate the data within the image but not the image itself.</p> <p>original:</p> <p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/XlyIH.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/XlyIH.png" alt="enter image description here" /></a></p> <p>Rotated -...
<python><python-imaging-library>
2023-02-18 07:04:31
1
1,833
Gina Marano
75,491,605
435,129
Using ! to assign output of shell command to variable in .ipynb
<p>Is there a way to get this on one line:</p> <pre class="lang-bash prettyprint-override"><code>&gt; ipython Python 3.11.1 (main, Jan 24 2023, 17:02:06) [Clang 14.0.0 (clang-1400.0.29.202)] Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information IPython 8.8.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help....
<python><bash><jupyter-notebook><interop>
2023-02-18 06:29:11
2
31,234
P i
75,491,538
11,402,025
change list to map in python
<p>I have a list with the following value</p> <pre><code>[(b'abc', '123'), (b'xyz', '456'), (b'cde', '785')] </code></pre> <p>I need to change it to map with key value pair :</p> <pre><code>('abc','123'),('xyz','456'),('cde','785') </code></pre> <p>Is there a method that I can use.</p>
<python><list><dictionary>
2023-02-18 06:08:18
3
1,712
Tanu
75,491,391
7,747,759
I paste code in a jupyter notebook. The hidden characters from text editor are copied. How to disable this?
<p>I am using Jupyter Notebook with the Python 3 ipykernel. If I paste code from a text editor into the Jupyter Notebook, all the hidden characters (in the text editor) show up as visible characters.<br /> It is strange: e.g., I can backspace and erase the space hidden character, then hit space and it does not reappear...
<python><jupyter-notebook><jupyter><special-characters><hidden-characters>
2023-02-18 05:25:39
1
511
Ralff
75,491,229
17,347,824
Using CTE in Python with Postgresql and psycopg2
<p>I'm trying to create a query using CTE where I am creating 2 subtables and then the select statement. I believe the following syntax would work for full SQL, but it isn't working in this situation using psycopg2 in Python.</p> <p>The idea is that I should be able to pull a query that shows the Name of all events (E....
<python><sql><postgresql><psycopg2>
2023-02-18 04:38:14
2
409
data_life
75,491,203
4,923,935
Unsuccessful Python reconstruction of original data from PC scores exported from R
<p>I am trying to restore original data through PC scores and eigenvectors in python2.7 based on the code <a href="https://github.com/harrymatthews50/Modelling_Craniofacial_Growth_Trajectories" rel="nofollow noreferrer">here</a>.</p> <p>I used the iris dataset from R:</p> <pre><code># R code ########################## ...
<python><r><numpy-ndarray><pca><svd>
2023-02-18 04:30:59
0
1,329
Patrick
75,491,129
11,402,025
Maximum number of values we can have in IN clause
<p>Is there a limit to the maximum number of values we can have in the in clause</p> <pre><code>sql_query = &quot;&quot;&quot;SELECT * FROM table1 WHERE column1 IN %(list_of_values)s ORDER BY CASE WHEN column2 LIKE 'a%' THEN 1 WHEN column2 LIKE 'b%' THEN 2 ...
<python><mysql><sql>
2023-02-18 04:09:04
1
1,712
Tanu
75,491,013
11,402,025
Can we do a switch case with an in clause
<p>Can we do use an in clause with case</p> <pre><code>sql_query=f&quot;&quot;&quot;SELECT * FROM table1 where column1 in ('{list_of_values}') order by CASE WHEN column2 like'a%' THEN 1 WHEN column2 like'b%' THEN 2 WHEN column2 like'c%' THEN 3 ELSE 99 END; &quot;&quot;&quot; </code></pre> <p>I am not getting any value ...
<python><mysql><sql><sqlalchemy>
2023-02-18 03:35:51
1
1,712
Tanu
75,490,865
1,260,682
remove cpython files in installed packages
<p>I installed a package via pycharm earlier. I made some changes to the package's source code but found that pycharm would still run the old version, and I discovered that pycharm was actually running the cpython compiled .so version instead generated from the old code. Is there a way to force pycharm to rerun cpython...
<python><pycharm><cpython>
2023-02-18 02:47:21
1
6,230
JRR
75,490,841
3,431,407
NoAlertPresentException when running scraping using Selenium
<p>I have the below code to scrape some data using Python Selenium but I keep getting a <code>NoAlertPresentException</code> error at various points during the scraping process. The full error is shown below:</p> <pre><code>NoAlertPresentException: no alert open (Session info: chrome=109.0.5414.121) (Driver info: c...
<python><selenium-webdriver><web-scraping>
2023-02-18 02:36:52
0
661
Funkeh-Monkeh
75,490,606
12,066,415
Finding overlapping employees in departments using excel
<p>I have my reference data which looks like this.</p> <p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/pEnxP.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/pEnxP.png" alt="Employee Data" /></a></p> <p>I'm trying to create a calendar using weekdays and 5 time slots as shown below.</p> <p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net...
<python><excel><excel-formula>
2023-02-18 01:25:04
1
462
Alan Jones
75,490,600
19,425,874
Append Rows issue while scraping URLs via Python loop
<p>I'm looking to visit each URL and return every player image found within the HREF tags, meaning - visit URL, click each player, store profile image link.</p> <p>I had the right result printing with the code below, but it was pushing the data one by one &amp; ultimately hitting a 429 G Spread quota issue.</p> <p>My f...
<python><google-sheets><beautifulsoup><google-sheets-api><gspread>
2023-02-18 01:23:40
1
393
Anthony Madle
75,490,594
17,347,824
Join 3 tables in postgresql on different objects
<p>I have a dataframe with 3 tables, lets call them People, Event, Outcome. The setup for these tables would look like this:</p> <p>Name has: ID, Name, Age; Outcome has: ID, EventID, EventTime and OutcomeID; Event has: EventID, EventState, EventDate, EventTemp.</p> <p>I need to run a query that pulls in all the Events ...
<python><postgresql>
2023-02-18 01:22:15
1
409
data_life
75,490,529
8,869,570
What is the point of setting an attribute of class equal to output of a method of the same class?
<p>This question should pertain to all OOP languages, though I'm only familiar with C++ and Python. I've seen this in several codebases and have seen this in Python and I think also in C++. I will illustrate in Python:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>class sim: def __init__(self, name=&quot;sim_to...
<python><c++><class><oop><design-patterns>
2023-02-18 01:04:44
1
2,328
24n8
75,490,305
2,333,234
How to plot box plots for all keys in a dict, instead of clubbing all of them into one
<pre><code>d1={'M0':870.24,'M1':50.2,'M2':30,'M3':22.06,...} </code></pre> <p>trying to do boxplot for all keys, with corresponding values, below code is clubbing all of them</p> <pre><code> labels,data=d1.keys(),d1.values() print(labels) print(data) plt.boxplot(data) plt.xticks(range(1,len(labels)+1),l...
<python><matplotlib>
2023-02-18 00:10:13
1
553
user2333234
75,490,231
12,940,139
Pip pyproject.toml: Can optional dependency groups require other optional dependency groups?
<p>I am using the latest version of pip, <code>23.01</code>. I have a <code>pyproject.toml</code> file with dependencies and optional dependency groups (aka &quot;extras&quot;). To avoid redundancies and make managing optional dependency groups easier, I would like to know how to have optional dependency groups require...
<python><pip><python-packaging><toml><pyproject.toml>
2023-02-17 23:52:39
1
383
James
75,490,007
7,583,953
What's the best way to determine if one string / collection is a subset of another?
<p>For example, given the following problem, what's the shortest way to implement a solution?</p> <blockquote> <p>Given two strings ransomNote and magazine, return true if ransomNote can be constructed by using the letters from magazine and false otherwise. Each letter in magazine can only be used once in ransomNote.</...
<python><counter>
2023-02-17 23:10:28
3
9,733
Alec
75,489,988
15,298,943
It is possible to dump content of a text file into a Python list?
<p>I have a directory of 50 txt files. I want to combine the contents of each file into a Python list.</p> <p>Each file looks like;</p> <pre><code>line1 line2 line3 </code></pre> <p>I am putting the files / file path into a list with this code. I just need to loop through <code>file_list</code> and append the content o...
<python><pathlib>
2023-02-17 23:06:01
1
475
uncrayon
75,489,857
5,568,409
Wrong exponential sampling in PyMC
<p>I'am obviously doing something wrong here... Please have a look at the following program. It runs well but gives me a <code>lambda</code> parameter for an exponential distribution which is far away from the parameter I used for generating random observations:</p> <pre><code>import numpy as np import arviz as az impo...
<python><pymc>
2023-02-17 22:40:31
1
1,216
Andrew
75,489,816
17,696,880
How to solve error with look-arounds in a regex pattern based on replacements conditioned by the matching environment?
<pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>import re input_text = &quot;Ellos son grandes amigos, pronto ellos se convirtieron en mejores amigos. ellos se vieron en el parque antes de llevar ((PERS)los viejos gabinetes), ya que ellos eran aun útiles para la compañía. Ellos son algo peores que los nuevos modelos.&...
<python><python-3.x><regex><regex-group><regex-lookarounds>
2023-02-17 22:34:44
0
875
Matt095
75,489,656
854,183
How to use a single Python logging object throughout the Python application?
<p>Python provides the logging module. We can use the logger in place of print and use its multiple log levels. The issue here is that when we use logger, we pass the log string into the logger object. This means that the logger object must be accessible from every function/method and class in the entire Python program...
<python><logging><python-logging>
2023-02-17 22:09:29
2
2,613
quantum231
75,489,321
4,896,087
How to do inference with fined-tuned huggingface models?
<p>I have fine-tuned a Huggingface model using <a href="https://huggingface.co/datasets/imdb" rel="nofollow noreferrer">the IMDB dataset</a>, and I was able to use the trainer to make predictions on the test set by doing <code>trainer.predict(test_ds_encoded)</code>. However, when doing the same thing with the inferenc...
<python><deep-learning><pytorch><nlp><huggingface-transformers>
2023-02-17 21:19:13
1
3,613
George Liu
75,489,267
7,898,913
Should a function that returns a context-managed object be decorated by `@contextmanager`?
<p>Say I have a function that returns a context-managed object, here a <code>tempfile.TemporaryFile</code>:</p> <pre><code>import tempfile def make_temp_file(): &quot;&quot;&quot;Create a temporary file. Best used with a context manager&quot;&quot;&quot; tmpfile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() return tmpfi...
<python><with-statement><contextmanager>
2023-02-17 21:13:20
1
2,338
Keto
75,489,204
998,070
Deriving Cubic Bezier Curve control points & handles from series of points
<p>I am trying to find the control points and handles of a Cubic Bezier curve from a series of points. My current code is below (credit to Zero Zero on the Python Discord). The Cubic Spline is creating the desired fit, but the handles (in orange) are incorrect. How may I find the handles of this curve?</p> <p><a href="...
<python><numpy><matplotlib><scipy><bezier>
2023-02-17 21:03:07
1
424
Dr. Pontchartrain
75,489,202
10,687,615
Multiplying Different Columns/Rows In Same Dataframe
<p>I have a dataframe - see below. I would like to multiply 30 by .115 and create a new column (second image). I started writing the code below but Im not sure if Im even on the right track.</p> <pre><code>DF.loc[(DF['PRO_CHARGE']==&quot;(1.0, 99283.0)&quot;)), '%'] = DF.loc(DF['PRO_CHARGE']==&quot;(0.0, 99283.0)&quot;...
<python><pandas>
2023-02-17 21:03:00
1
859
Raven
75,489,181
6,225,838
Pydantic: Create model with fixed and extended fields from a Dict[str, OtherModel], the Typescript [key: string] way
<p>From a <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/q/70888691/6225838">similar question</a>, the goal is to create a model like this Typescript interface:</p> <pre><code>interface ExpandedModel { fixed: number; [key: string]: OtherModel; } </code></pre> <p>However the <strong>OtherModel</strong> needs to be validated, so...
<python><typescript><class><pydantic>
2023-02-17 20:59:22
1
13,879
CPHPython
75,489,126
2,328,572
Output statistical summary by group for multiple columns based on user input. in Python
<p>I need to summarize data using Python based on parameters from the user input and output summarized file. The actual data have several columns and groups and user should be able to configure what summary statistics (mean,median, max,min, quartiles) he/she wants to request for any column and group he/she chooses to s...
<python><json><pandas>
2023-02-17 20:48:13
0
485
user24318
75,489,096
1,914,781
plotly bar chart annotate text cut-off
<p>The annotation text at the last bar has been cut off somehow. What's proper way to fix it?</p> <pre><code>#!/usr/bin/env python3 import pandas as pd import re import datetime import os import plotly.graph_objects as go import numpy as np import math import datetime def save_fig(fig,pngname): fig.write_image(pn...
<python><plotly><bar-chart><yaxis>
2023-02-17 20:43:19
1
9,011
lucky1928
75,488,898
2,112,406
How to prevent jupyter notebook from plotting figure returned by a function
<p>I have a simple function:</p> <pre><code>def return_fig(): fig = plt.figure() plt.plot([1,2,3,4,5],[1,2,3,4,5]) return fig </code></pre> <p>In a jupyter notebook, I define this function and</p> <pre><code>import matplotlib.pyplot as plt </code></pre> <p>In a new cell, I have</p> <pre><code>figure = retur...
<python><matplotlib><jupyter-notebook>
2023-02-17 20:17:46
1
3,203
sodiumnitrate
75,488,845
1,739,473
Selenium "find_element_by_xpath" is gone. How to update variable that relied on that function?
<p>I saw that part of my question was answered before: <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/72754651/attributeerror-webdriver-object-has-no-attribute-find-element-by-xpath">AttributeError: &#39;WebDriver&#39; object has no attribute &#39;find_element_by_xpath&#39;</a></p> <p>And I believe that now if I want to ...
<python><selenium-webdriver><xpath>
2023-02-17 20:10:28
1
349
RoccoMaxamas
75,488,747
9,663,207
Problems with relative imports and pytest
<p>I am having an issue whereby relative imports from a <code>.py</code> file within a module are not recognised as such by <code>pytest</code>.</p> <p>Consider the following directory structure:</p> <pre><code>. ├── import_pytest_issue │ ├── __init__.py │ ├── main.py │ ├── user.py │ └── utils.py └── tests ...
<python><pytest>
2023-02-17 19:59:05
0
724
g_t_m
75,488,741
10,426,490
How are local environment variables evaluated by Azure Functions with Python runtime?
<p>I understand that...</p> <pre><code>import os foo = os.getenv('ENV_VAR_NAME') </code></pre> <p>... will pull &quot;environment&quot; variables from the <code>local.settings.json</code> file when running an Azure Function locally. This is similar to using a <code>.env</code> file.</p> <p>I know that when deployed to...
<python><azure-functions><environment-variables>
2023-02-17 19:58:05
1
2,046
ericOnline
75,488,714
13,494,917
When changing the names of columns in a table through the use of SQL via python, the name change does not occur
<p>I have a reference table that contains columns &quot;OldColumnName&quot; and &quot;NewColumnName&quot;. &quot;OldColumnName&quot; refers to an existing column name (most of the time) in the table, &quot;NewColumnName&quot; is the name I'm trying to change it to.</p> <p>Here's what my code looks like:</p> <pre class=...
<python><sql><sqlalchemy>
2023-02-17 19:54:44
1
687
BlakeB9
75,488,681
3,922,727
Python and temporary files when moved to temp path they are not considered files anymore
<p>We've created a temporary directory within a python function to move files into for processing:</p> <p>with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as workdir:</p> <pre><code>temp_dir = Path(workdir) print(temp_dir) sub_odk_extract = urllib.request.urlretrieve(sub_odk_url, 'sub_odk.xlsx') sub_odk = sub_odk_extract[0] sub_odk...
<python><temporary-files>
2023-02-17 19:51:17
2
5,012
alim1990
75,488,672
1,087,852
How to open a file relative to imported .py file
<p>Please note - <strong>this is NOT a duplicate of &quot;how to open a file in the same folder as running script&quot;.</strong> I'm trying to do the opposite of it - I want to open the file in the root folder of the imported .py file, rather than the root of main.py which is the running script.</p> <p>My file structu...
<python>
2023-02-17 19:50:34
1
6,432
LucasSeveryn
75,488,368
2,364,295
How can I move my conda environments from /home to another location?
<p>My conda envs default to installing in my home directory (linux), but they are getting huge and /home isn't meant for that. How can I (a) move my envs to another network location, and (b) change the default where new envs will be made?</p> <p>The new location and home are both visible at the same time, so that is n...
<python><conda>
2023-02-17 19:07:25
0
2,270
Mastiff
75,488,339
11,141,665
check if a dataframe is not empty in 1 line of code in python
<p>I am checking if a dataframe is empty or not but I want to do this in 1 line of code as I am checking many dataframe's and don't want to repeat the same code again as it becomes chunky. example is below. great if anyone can help</p> <pre><code>if not df.empty: df['test_col'] = np.nan else: print('data is empty...
<python><python-3.x><pandas><dataframe><if-statement>
2023-02-17 19:03:03
2
349
Zack
75,488,252
3,311,276
Getting "ValueError: A PythonObject is not attached to a node" even when wrapped in try/except block but this works fine if run in Nuke Script editor
<p>My question is Foundary Nuke specific.</p> <p>I have a tab added to Project Settings, that contains some data I can later access via the root node. Now since I have callback invoked by a checkbox knob I added to enable disable a custom knob I added to that tab I added to Project Settings Panel. It works fine. The pr...
<python><nuke>
2023-02-17 18:50:26
2
8,357
Ciasto piekarz
75,488,203
18,326,398
'POST' or 'PUT' or 'DELETE' is not working
<p>Here the class <code>WriteByAdminOnlyPermission</code> is not working perfectly. This <code>if request.method == 'GET':</code> working but remaining condition is not working. My target is, only the admin can change information and the other people just can see. How can I do it? And where I did do wrong? please give ...
<python><django><django-rest-framework><django-views><django-serializer>
2023-02-17 18:44:33
1
421
Mossaddak
75,487,927
2,374,138
Move and align subplots to match a specific layout
<p>I have an nxn matrix that I want to plot, and I also want to plot the sum of rows and cols.</p> <p>So I have this:</p> <pre><code>data = np.random.randn(5, 5) fig, axes = plt.subplots(2, 2) axes[0, 0].imshow(data) axes[0, 1].imshow(data.sum(axis=1).reshape(-1, 1)) axes[1, 0].imshow(data.sum(axis=0).reshape(1, -1)) <...
<python><matplotlib>
2023-02-17 18:15:32
1
628
ERed
75,487,923
4,655,673
Spyder 5 keeps inserting parenthesis after variable even when disabled
<p>I am using the latest Spyder 5.3.3 and notice that almost any time I enter a variable id adds () to the end. It does not happen all the time, but most of the time. I noticed if I just make a variable testVar = 1 and print it it works normally. But if I take almost any variable from my code such as COUNT it does COUN...
<python><autocomplete><spyder>
2023-02-17 18:14:59
0
847
MichaelE
75,487,825
819,516
How to efficiently generate all convex combinations (meaning they sum to 1.0) in Python / NumPy?
<p>I need to generate all 3-dimensional arrays whose values sum up to 1.0, i.e., they are convex combinations.</p> <p>Let's assume that each element can be one of <code>[0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0]</code>. Hence, combinations like <code>[0.0,0.4,0.6]</code> or <code>[0.2,0.6,0.2]</code> are correct, as they sum up to...
<python><arrays><numpy><combinations>
2023-02-17 18:04:56
3
742
TomsonTom
75,487,762
690,965
Bar plot based on two columns
<p>I have generated the dataframe below, I want to plot a bar plot where the x-axis will have two categories i.e. exp_type values and the y-axis will have a value of avg. Then a legend of disk_type for each type of disk.</p> <pre><code> exp_type disk_type avg 0 Random Read nvme 3120.240000 1 Rando...
<python><pandas><dataframe>
2023-02-17 17:58:10
1
1,047
fanbondi
75,487,653
8,713,442
Calculate Percentage difference among values and create groups
<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/6X2vx.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/6X2vx.png" alt="enter image description here" /></a></p> <p>Isthere any python library available which can help us to perform all the actions shown in picture? Does this fall under data science category?</p>
<python><numpy><pyspark><data-science>
2023-02-17 17:47:49
2
464
pbh
75,487,554
9,366,083
Copy metadata from one 3D tiff file to another
<p>Can anyone help me? I'm trying to copy all the metadata from one 3D tiff image to another in python. This is very easy to do with a <a href="https://exiftool.org/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">perl based program</a>:</p> <pre><code>exiftool -tagsfromfile &lt;source-file&gt; &lt;target-file&gt; </code></pre> <p>But that...
<python><metadata><tiff><exif>
2023-02-17 17:37:19
0
567
Ricardo Guerreiro
75,487,468
1,761,907
Can you write an event function for scipy.integrate.solve_ivp that is terminal after some number of events?
<p>I want to solve an IVP and stop the integration after N events have occured, e.g. 5 maxima. I know how to write the event to get one maximum, or all the maxima in a tspan, but not how to stop after 5 events.</p> <p>There doesn't seem to be a way to store events from the event function itself; this is called many tim...
<python><scipy>
2023-02-17 17:29:00
1
2,453
John Kitchin
75,487,325
15,515,166
How can I query parquet files with the Polars Python API?
<p>I have a <code>.parquet</code> file, and would like to use Python to quickly and efficiently query that file by a column.</p> <p>For example, I might have a column <code>name</code> in that <code>.parquet</code> file and want to get back the first (or all of) the rows with a chosen name.</p> <p>How can I query a par...
<python><dataframe><parquet><python-polars><fastparquet>
2023-02-17 17:12:52
1
1,153
Sam
75,487,114
5,684,405
Black make function arguments formatting without new lines around barackets
<p>I'd like to format function argumetns in a way similar to the PyCharm default formatting - see image. Meaning no new line after '(' and before <code>)</code> so it does NOT look like in the second image. It looks cleaner to me when function name is more visible.</p> <p>I want this:</p> <p><a href="https://i.sstatic....
<python><static-analysis><code-formatting><python-black><black-code-formatter>
2023-02-17 16:52:39
1
2,969
mCs
75,487,106
5,274,646
python "and" evaluation sequence
<p>I am trying to understand how python keywords and operators interact with object dunder methods and have encounter a situation I don't quite understand.</p> <p><strong>Setup</strong>: I created two simple classes with the <code>__bool__</code> dunder method that I believe should be used when checking for <em>truthy<...
<python>
2023-02-17 16:51:56
1
332
gomory-chvatal
75,487,022
1,232,087
pyspark - if statement inside select
<p>Following code finds maximum length of all columns in dataframe <code>df</code>.</p> <p><strong>Question</strong>: In the code below how can we check the max length of only string columns?</p> <pre><code>from pyspark.sql.functions import col, length, max df=df.select([max(length(col(name))) for name in df.schema.na...
<python><apache-spark><pyspark>
2023-02-17 16:43:07
3
24,239
nam
75,487,011
6,378,506
How to reduce the gap between a pcolormesh and a colorbar in matplotlib?
<p>I have a dataset that I want to plot as 4 panels (each a pcolormesh with its associated colorbar). This is the code I'm using to do this, with some mocked up data</p> <pre><code>import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from matplotlib import gridspec xs = np.linspace(0.1, 0.2, 100) ys = np.linspace(0, 2*n...
<python><matplotlib>
2023-02-17 16:41:42
2
301
mgmf46
75,486,850
282,918
Coalescing two python lists into a sorted dict
<p>Say I have these:</p> <pre><code>people = ['palpatine', 'obi', 'anakin'] compassion = [0, 10, 5] </code></pre> <p>and I wanted to merge those into a dictionary like this, with sorting showing on the compassion value in descending order.</p> <pre><code>{ &quot;obi&quot;: 10, &quot;anakin&quot;: 5, &quot;palp...
<python><python-3.x><list><dictionary>
2023-02-17 16:25:05
3
5,534
JasonGenX
75,486,770
1,795,817
Would df.sort_values('A', kind = 'mergesort').sort_index(kind = 'mergesort') be a stable and valid way to sort by index and column?
<p>I have a Pandas dataframe equivalent to:</p> <pre><code> 'A' 'B' 'i1' 'i2' 'i3' 1 2 4 3 0 1 1 2 3 3 1 1 2 1 0 1 2 4 0 9 1 1 2 2 6 2 1 1 1 8 </code></pre> <p>where ix are index columns and 'A', and 'B' are normal columns. I want to make su...
<python><pandas><sorting>
2023-02-17 16:18:10
1
355
Thelemitian
75,486,759
11,197,796
Pandas most efficient way to set value of df when searching nested dictionary for value
<p>I have a dataframe with millions of rows and I'm searching for the column values of the dataframe inside the dictionary of lists to retrieve the key and use this key to get a value from a metadata table and then set that value as a new column in the df.</p> <pre><code>map_dict = {'AP017903.1': &quot;['BAX03457', 'BA...
<python><pandas><performance>
2023-02-17 16:16:48
2
440
skiventist
75,486,664
12,981,397
I sorted two dataframes by id that contain the same values but am getting that they are not equal
<p>I have two dataframes:</p> <p>df1</p> <pre><code> ID Name 15 Max 7 Stacy 3 Frank 2 Joe </code></pre> <p>df2</p> <pre><code> ID Name 2 Abigail 3 Josh 15 Jake 7 Brian </code></pre> <p>I sorteded them by doing</p> <pre><code>d...
<python><pandas><dataframe><equality>
2023-02-17 16:08:36
3
333
Angie
75,486,655
3,922,727
Python and http trigger not returning a workbook after converting to base64 or saving to temp folder
<p>We are trying to return a workbook of <code>openpyxl</code> using <code>func.httpResponse</code> of an azure http trigger. Before that we need to convert it into Bytes or byteArray.</p> <p>the file is of type <code>openpyxl.workbook.workbook.Workbook()</code>.</p> <p>The best way is using <code>tempfile.NamedTempora...
<python><excel><openpyxl><httpresponse><azure-http-trigger>
2023-02-17 16:07:57
1
5,012
alim1990
75,486,470
2,897,115
python subprocess print output of bash command
<p>I am trying to output the result of tree command using python</p> <pre><code>import subprocess cmd = &quot;tree /home/ubuntu/data&quot; # returns output as byte string returned_output = subprocess.check_output(cmd) print(returned_output) </code></pre> <p>what is get is</p> <pre><code>Traceback (most recent call l...
<python>
2023-02-17 15:50:14
1
12,066
Santhosh
75,486,460
2,333,234
how to replace a key in dict python for loop
<pre><code>d={&quot;given_age&quot;:&quot;30&quot;,&quot;given_weight&quot;:&quot;160&quot;,&quot;given_height&quot;:6} </code></pre> <p>want to remove <code>&quot;given_&quot;</code> from each of the key,</p> <pre><code>for key,value in d.items(): new_key=re.sub(r'given_','',key) if new_key!=key: ...
<python><python-3.x><dictionary>
2023-02-17 15:49:18
3
553
user2333234
75,486,368
11,665,178
How to increment values in firebase realtime database python?
<p>I have the exact same question as this one but in python :</p> <p><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70045141/how-to-increment-values-in-firebase-realtime-database-v9">How to increment values in Firebase Realtime Database (v9)</a></p> <p>Is it actually implemented or not ? Because i am unable to find how t...
<python><firebase><firebase-realtime-database><firebase-admin>
2023-02-17 15:40:10
1
2,975
Tom3652
75,486,241
12,845,199
Regex, that matches variable grams sizes
<p>I have the following sample series</p> <pre><code> s = pd.Series({0: 'Açúcar Refinado UNIÃO Pacote 1kg', 1: 'Açúcar Refinado QUALITÁ Pacote 1Kg', 2: 'Açúcar Refinado DA BARRA Pacote 1kg', 3: 'Açúcar Refinado CARAVELAS Pacote 1kg', 4: 'Açúcar Refinado GUARANI Pacote 1Kg', 5: 'Açúcar Refinado Granulado Doçúcar UN...
<python><pandas><regex>
2023-02-17 15:30:02
2
1,628
INGl0R1AM0R1
75,486,199
6,223,748
Simple string-to-wildcard comparison in Python
<p>I've been looking for a while but failed to find a simple solution for problems like these:</p> <pre><code>pattern = '20*_*_*' compare('2023_01_01', pattern) &gt;&gt;&gt; True compare('1999_01_01', pattern) &gt;&gt;&gt; False </code></pre> <p>I know how to do it with regex, but would like to know if there's an easi...
<python><string><compare><wildcard>
2023-02-17 15:26:44
1
351
Dave
75,486,127
6,367,971
Total count of strings within range in dataframe
<p>I have a dataframe where I want to count the total number of occurrences of the word <code>Yes</code>, as it appears between a range of rows—<code>Dir</code>—and then add that count as a new column.</p> <pre><code>Type,Problem Parent, Dir,Yes File, Opp,Yes Dir, Metadata, Subfolder,Yes Dir, Opp,Yes </code></pre> <p>S...
<python><pandas>
2023-02-17 15:20:34
1
978
user53526356
75,485,882
10,750,541
Filter pd.DataFrame by string in header and string in column of the found header
<p>I am trying to get my head around a way where I can select / filter columns that contain in the header a specific string and another string within the column.</p> <p>I am a little bit confused with the way I could quickly select the columns and the rows concerning the selected columns.</p> <p>Assume the following da...
<python><pandas>
2023-02-17 14:57:42
3
532
Newbielp
75,485,736
9,046,275
Keep daily granularity in time difference when filling null values or casting to integer
<p>I am computing the time difference between two dates, this works perfectly fine:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>import polars as pl from datetime import date df = pl.DataFrame({&quot;a&quot;: pl.date_range(date(2023, 1, 1), date(2023, 1, 3))}) print(df.with_columns([(pl.col(&quot;a&quot;) - pl...
<python><python-polars>
2023-02-17 14:44:37
1
1,671
anddt
75,485,722
13,176,726
How to reset password in Django Rest Framework
<p>I have an app called API where I want to create a &quot;Forgot Password&quot; button for the user to insert their email, and a password reset is sent to them.</p> <p>In the same Django project, I have an application called users which implements this process in the backend.</p> <p>How can Django Rest Framework be us...
<python><django><django-urls><django-authentication>
2023-02-17 14:43:16
1
982
A_K
75,485,718
8,340,761
How do I run a single python test with nvim-dap?
<p>This is my config for lunarvim, I wanted to be able to hover and run a single test.</p> <p>Also how do I set the project command that I want to run if for instance it's a django project? At the moment it's just trying to run the current file</p> <pre><code>-- nvim-dap require(&quot;dap&quot;).adapters.python = { t...
<python><debugging><neovim><lunarvim>
2023-02-17 14:43:02
1
814
Axeltherabbit
75,485,708
16,100,017
Is there a function to save a snapshot of a qt widget in a variable?
<p>I am trying to create a function to export an animated plot to a video format. This plot is a qt widget. I believe the first step in this is to transform a single image into a bytearray or a pillow image or something like that, but I can't figure out how to do this. After this I think subsequent images should be sav...
<python><qt><pyqtgraph>
2023-02-17 14:42:02
1
647
Rik
75,485,655
68,674
How do I upsert a document in MongoDB using mongoengine for Python?
<p>I'm having a hard time struggling how to find out how to upsert in MongoDB using mongoengine.</p> <p>My current inserting code looks like this:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>for issue in data['issues']: doc = Issue( key=issue['key'], title=issue[&quot;fields&quot;][&quot;su...
<python><mongodb><mongoengine>
2023-02-17 14:38:05
3
6,738
rebellion
75,485,641
353,337
Make custom class compatible with `.join()`
<p>I have a <code>StringPlus</code> class that represents a string with extra data. I'd like to make it compatible with <code>.join()</code> which is used inside a library that I feed a <code>StringPlus</code> list into. I have no control over the <code>join()</code> call. Simply defining <code>__str__()</code> doesn't...
<python><string>
2023-02-17 14:37:10
3
59,565
Nico Schlömer
75,485,573
16,327,154
Django-channels: How to delete an object?
<p>I'm making a real-time chat app using django channels. I want to delete an object from database using django channels(actually deleting a message from the group). How can this be done?</p> <p>This is my backend code:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>import json from django.contrib.auth.models imp...
<python><python-3.x><django><django-channels>
2023-02-17 14:31:43
1
327
Mehan Alavi
75,485,373
6,077,239
Calculate group mean for an int_range column in Polars dataframe
<p><strong>Update:</strong> This has been resolved in Polars. The code now runs without error.</p> <hr /> <p>I have the following code in polars:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>import datetime import polars as pl df = pl.DataFrame( { &quot;id&quot;: [1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3], &quot...
<python><python-polars>
2023-02-17 14:13:33
1
1,153
lebesgue
75,485,299
12,947,970
KeyError when using set_index on Dataframe created from read_sql_query
<p>With the following code, I can see the following table output</p> <pre><code>query = f''' SELECT timestamp, base FROM pricing WHERE {timestamp_range} LIMIT {max_records}''' df: DataFrame = read_sql_query(text(query), db) print(df.head()) print(df.columns) df.set_index('timestamp', inplace=True) # Error here # Ou...
<python><pandas>
2023-02-17 14:04:54
1
1,525
David Min
75,485,141
19,238,204
How to Plot from CSV using Python with Financial Indicator (Converting from yfinance code)
<p>I have the code that is scraping from yfinance the stocks data of &quot;ATVI&quot;, now what I want is:</p> <ol> <li>Use the CSV instead of scraping from yfinance.</li> <li>Modify the code so I am able to use the financial indicator SMA / Moving Average with the data from the CSV.</li> </ol> <p>For example you can g...
<python><csv>
2023-02-17 13:50:53
1
435
Freya the Goddess
75,485,063
12,619,605
Queryset ordered by must frequent values
<p>I'm trying to order a simple queryset by the must frequent value in a column. For exemple, I have those models:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>class Keyword(models.Model): keyword = models.CharField(verbose_name='Keyword', null=False, blank=False, max_length=20) class BigText(models.Model)...
<python><django><django-rest-framework>
2023-02-17 13:42:52
1
1,061
Mateus Alves de Oliveira
75,485,029
4,613,465
ffmpeg says "this file requires zlib suport compiled in"
<p>I've created a new conda environment and installed zlib and opencv. However, sometimes this error raises (but doesn't interrupt script execution):</p> <pre><code>[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 000001d18e775800] this file requires zlib support compiled in [mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 000001d18e775800] error reading header ...
<python><opencv><ffmpeg><zlib>
2023-02-17 13:39:40
1
772
Fatorice
75,484,787
7,157,742
Decode IASI Satellite Spectrum - convert IDL to python
<p>Since I have no experience in IDL coding, I need help converting the piece of code below to python.</p> <p>The following parameters are known and are 1D arrays oder scalars.</p> <pre><code>IDefScaleSondNbScale, IDefScaleSondScaleFactor, IDefScaleSondNsfirst, IDefScaleSondNslast, IDefNsfirst </code></pre> <p><a href=...
<python><idl-programming-language>
2023-02-17 13:14:36
1
541
Shaun
75,484,694
14,725,103
List objects in S3 bucket with timestamp filter
<p><strong>Background</strong></p> <p>Is there a way to get a list of all the files on a s3 bucket that are newer than a specific timestamp. For example i am trying to figure out and get a list of all the files that got modified yesterday afternoon.</p> <p>In particular i have bucket called <code>foo-bar</code> and ins...
<python><amazon-web-services><amazon-s3><boto3>
2023-02-17 13:04:14
4
337
Unknowntiou
75,484,661
12,281,404
Lambda function range() get one number always
<pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>def multipliers(): return [lambda x: i * x for i in range(3)] print([m(2) for m in multipliers()]) </code></pre> <p>how to fix this lambda function?<br /> I except:<br /> <code>[0, 2, 4] </code><br /> I got:<br /> <code>[4, 4, 4]</code></p>
<python><python-3.x>
2023-02-17 13:01:17
2
487
Hahan't
75,484,568
18,744,117
Structural Pattern Matching on Types
<p>I would like to apply Structural Pattern Matching <a href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0622/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://peps.python.org/pep-0622/</a> on things like <code>list[ int ]</code> and <code>dict[ str, any ]</code>. However when I try:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>T = list[ in...
<python><types><pattern-matching>
2023-02-17 12:52:48
0
683
Sam Coutteau
75,484,498
173,922
Pylance reports incorrect error for openpyxl
<p>I'm using VSCode for python and am getting a typing error with Pylance that appears incorrect and is not reported as an error by <code>mypy --strict</code>.</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>from openpyxl import load_workbook wb = load_workbook(&quot;c:/temp/file.xlsx&quot;) ws = wb[&quot;Sheet1&q...
<python><visual-studio-code><mypy><pylance>
2023-02-17 12:46:44
1
7,998
foosion
75,484,485
1,377,912
Python Motor MongoDB client findAndModify
<p>Standard MongoDB driver for Python PyMongo has a method <code>find_and_modify</code>, but async client Motor doesn't have something like this. There are <a href="https://motor.readthedocs.io/en/stable/search.html?q=findAndModify" rel="nofollow noreferrer">some suggestions</a> in the documentation about <code>findAnd...
<python><mongodb><motordriver>
2023-02-17 12:45:45
2
1,409
andre487
75,484,369
1,770,724
Does an openpyxl workbook knowns its own filename?
<p>In Excel, a workbook knows whether it already was given a filename or not. This changes Excel behavior when one clics on the save button. If the wb has no name, the save button redirects to the &quot;save as&quot; action. I wonder if openpyxl has a similar mechanism. This would help me in a function such as:</p> <pr...
<python><openpyxl>
2023-02-17 12:35:28
1
4,878
quickbug
75,484,318
4,298,822
Fullfill drf serializer attribute from dict by key name
<p>Imagine I have a serializer with lower camel-named fields what I have to keep by contract:</p> <pre><code>class SomeSerializer(serializers.Serializer): someField = serializers.CharField() </code></pre> <p>And I have following data to serilaize where I want to keep key names in snake case to follow convention:</p...
<python><django><serialization><django-rest-framework>
2023-02-17 12:30:04
2
438
Vladimir Kolenov
75,484,168
1,581,090
How to connect to a mongo DB via SSH using Python?
<p>Using python 3.10.10 on Windows 10 I am trying to connect to a <code>mongo</code> database via ssh ideally. On the command line I just do</p> <pre><code>ssh myuser@111.222.333.444 mongo </code></pre> <p>and I can query the mongo DB. With the following python code</p> <pre><code>from pymongo import MongoClient from p...
<python><mongodb>
2023-02-17 12:16:40
2
45,023
Alex
75,484,139
8,792,159
Flip column values in NumPy matrix while preserving NaN values and respecting duplicate values
<p>I want to flip the values in each column of a NumPy matrix. The function should leave NaN values as they are in the output matrix and duplicate values should be replaced by their flipped counterpart. Here's an example of an input and output matrix:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>A = np.array([ ...
<python><numpy>
2023-02-17 12:14:29
2
1,317
Johannes Wiesner
75,484,043
8,769,985
incorrect position of \hat in python
<p>The following code generates a simple plot, where the y axes has a label generated by a LaTeX command</p> <pre><code>import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt %matplotlib notebook plt.figure() hatdelta = '$\hat{\Delta}$' xlist = np.array([ 0, 1 ]) ylist = np.array([ 1, 2 ]) plt.errorbar(xlist, ylist, fmt='...
<python><matplotlib><latex>
2023-02-17 12:01:43
1
7,617
francesco
75,483,733
5,102,670
PyInstaller CLI can't use added binary (an .exe) even though I have added it with --add-binary flag (Windows)
<p>Using Windows, I have a python program that runs CMD within using <code>subprocess.Popen</code>. When I run it from python, it works. When I create the executable and run it, it doesn't find the tool I am using (<code>esptool</code>):</p> <pre class="lang-none prettyprint-override"><code>'esptool' is not recognized ...
<python><windows><pyinstaller><miniconda>
2023-02-17 11:29:53
1
575
Daniel Azemar
75,483,708
9,046,275
Replicate pandas ngroup behaviour in polars
<p>I am currently trying to replicate <a href="https://pandas.pydata.org/docs/reference/api/pandas.core.groupby.GroupBy.ngroup.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><code>ngroup</code></a> behaviour in <a href="https://www.pola.rs/" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><code>polars</code></a> to get consecutive group indexes (the dataf...
<python><dataframe><python-polars><ranking>
2023-02-17 11:27:21
2
1,671
anddt
75,483,691
1,648,459
How can I get a sublist with wraparound in Python
<h1>Simple 1D case</h1> <p>I would like to get a substring with wraparound.</p> <pre><code>str = &quot;=Hello community of Python=&quot; # ^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ I want this wrapped substring str[-7] &gt; 'P' str[5] &gt; 'o' str[-7:5] &gt; '' </code></pre> <p>Why does this slice of a sequence starting at ...
<python><list><numpy><slice><numpy-slicing>
2023-02-17 11:26:14
3
1,794
Tim Kuipers
75,483,347
10,834,788
How can a thread release a lock if it does not hold the lock, in Python?
<p>I am trying to understand why my code works. I use locks for Synchronization in an attempt to solve a Leetcode problem that ensures printing functions in an order.</p> <pre><code>from threading import Lock, current_thread from concurrent import futures class Foo: def __init__(self): self.first_lock = Lo...
<python><python-3.x><multithreading>
2023-02-17 10:53:41
0
4,662
Aviral Srivastava