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75,052,865
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How to use a variable as value of replace function in python pandas
<p>I have such dataframe where the column <code>body</code> has image path that I want to replace with the corresponding baseUrl + <code>id</code> + .webp</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>import pandas as pd df = pd.DataFrame({ 'id': [&quot;982951473&quot;,&quot;000590051&quot;], ...
<python><pandas>
2023-01-09 03:13:19
1
1,027
Ax_
75,052,604
18,059,131
RefreshError ('invalid_grant: Token has been expired or revoked.') Google API
<p>About a week ago I set up an application on google. Now when I tri and run:</p> <pre><code>SCOPES = ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/gmail.readonly'] creds = None if os.path.exists('token.pickle'): with open(self.CREDENTIALS_PATH+self.conjoiner+'token.pickle', 'rb') as token: creds = pickle.load(token)...
<python><google-api><google-oauth><gmail-api><google-api-python-client>
2023-01-09 02:07:34
2
318
prodohsamuel
75,052,440
9,357,484
WEKA's performance on nominal dataset
<p>I used <em>WEKA</em> for classification. I used the <em>breast cancer</em> dataset which is available in <em>WEKA</em> data folder. The data set is a nominal dataset. The .arff file can be found <a href="https://github.com/tertiarycourses/Weka/blob/master/Weka%20datasets/breast-cancer.arff" rel="nofollow noreferrer"...
<python><machine-learning><scikit-learn><weka><naivebayes>
2023-01-09 01:24:14
1
3,446
Encipher
75,052,425
6,346,514
Python, Loop to reading in Excel file sheets, change header row number
<p>I have a loop that counts the rows in each sheet of an xls. When I open the xls itself the count is not aligning with what python is returning me.</p> <p>It is due to the first sheet header being in row 3. How can I alter my code to read the first sheet ONLY in at row 3 and ignore the first two lines? The rest of my...
<python>
2023-01-09 01:18:39
1
577
Jonnyboi
75,052,366
851,699
How do I to save a stateful TFLite model where shape of state depends on input?
<p>I'm trying to do something fairly simple in tensorflow-lite, but I'm not sure it's possible.</p> <p>I want to define a stateful graph where the shape of the state variable is defined when model is LOADED, not when it's saved.</p> <p>As a simple example - lets say I just want to compute a temporal difference - ie. a ...
<python><tensorflow><tensorflow-lite><tflite>
2023-01-09 01:00:19
1
13,753
Peter
75,052,226
7,317,408
ValueError: time data '2018-02-22' does not match format '%m-%d-%Y' when using https://stocknewsapi.com/
<p>I have a bunch of daily data in ohlc format:</p> <pre><code> index date symbol open high low close volume vwap previous_close change_1_day 0 7896 2018-02-22 CHK 2.870 3.330 2.86 3.20 130538189 3.109534 2.6300 21.673004 1 8108 2018-12-26 CHK...
<python><pandas><numpy>
2023-01-09 00:19:08
1
3,436
a7dc
75,052,206
1,330,719
Specifying Huggingface model as project dependency
<p>Is it possible to install huggingface models as a project dependency?</p> <p>Currently it is downloaded automatically by the <code>SentenceTransformer</code> library, but this means in a docker container it downloads every time it starts.</p> <p>This is the model I am trying to use: <a href="https://huggingface.co/s...
<python><docker><python-poetry><huggingface>
2023-01-09 00:13:17
1
1,269
rbhalla
75,052,167
10,098,394
VLC-python don't read my mp4 video online
<p>I'm just looking for a way to read video from internet with Vlc-python. i have just a very simple script but it does not work with my video and i don't understand why it's working for some link and why not others...</p> <pre><code># importing vlc module import vlc # creating vlc media player object media_player ...
<python><stream><streaming><vlc>
2023-01-09 00:02:23
0
421
Ronaldonizuka
75,051,936
1,777,331
Is there an advantage to Lambda Powertools’s Parser over straight Pydantic?
<p>I’ve got models which inherit Pydantic’s BaseModel and I use this to define my model attributes and do some validation.</p> <p>But I see that <a href="https://awslabs.github.io/aws-lambda-powertools-python/2.5.0/utilities/parser/#install" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Lambda Powertools comes with a Parser</a> module whi...
<python><amazon-web-services><pydantic>
2023-01-08 23:08:44
1
4,420
Tom Harvey
75,051,894
1,330,719
Pytest slow in docker container taking 75s+ for about 15 tests
<p>I have a simple dockerfile that does the following:</p> <pre><code>FROM python:3.10.3 RUN pip install -U pip setuptools RUN pip install poetry==1.1.11 WORKDIR /srv </code></pre> <p>I am using docker compose to mount the relevant directory, but will ignore that here. I am then running this command to run tests in 1...
<python><docker><pytest>
2023-01-08 22:59:07
0
1,269
rbhalla
75,051,852
13,509,355
How do I enable Python command history editing in bash under virtual environments
<p>I want to use history recall and command line editing in the python shell.</p> <p>However, for virtual environments this does not work by default. For example using</p> <pre><code>python3 -v venv env source env/bin/activate </code></pre> <p>and then invoking the python interpreter</p> <pre><code>python </code></pre>...
<python><virtual-environment>
2023-01-08 22:50:34
1
743
Neil Bartlett
75,051,776
726,730
pywinauto save (permant) control identifiers to variable
<p>I am trying to save control identifiers to a variable. The reason is that: i use <code>main_dlg.print_control_identifiers(filename=&quot;control_ids.text&quot;)</code> but i am getting this error:</p> <pre><code>Traceback (most recent call last): File &quot;run_tests.py&quot;, line 7, in &lt;module&gt; main_dl...
<python><automation><pywinauto>
2023-01-08 22:38:19
0
2,427
Chris P
75,051,724
3,976,494
Pandas: return first row where column value satisfies condition against a list of values
<p>I have a dataframe <code>df</code> and a list of floats <code>T</code>. <code>df.B</code> is a time series of values sorted in chronological order, where the 0th index is the most recent timestamp and the last index is the oldest timestamp.</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>df = pd.DataFrame({'A': ...
<python><pandas><dataframe>
2023-01-08 22:31:24
1
702
Hunter
75,051,590
11,505,813
Remove first 5 from numbers in a list?
<p>I have a list with numbers like this :-</p> <pre><code>s = [5542, 5654, 7545] </code></pre> <p>The goal is to remove the first 5 from the number such that the resultant list is like this</p> <pre><code>s = [542, 654, 745] </code></pre> <p>What's the best way to achieve the following without using any external librar...
<python>
2023-01-08 22:02:31
2
1,388
Somethingwhatever
75,051,422
20,443,528
How to 'check' a value in a radio button by default in Django?
<p>I wrote a model form. I used widgets to make radio buttons and I want a particular radio button to be checked by default while rendering the form in my html file.</p> <p>Model:</p> <pre><code>class Room(models.Model): class Meta: number = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField() CATEGORIES = ( ('Regul...
<python><django><django-models><django-forms><django-widget>
2023-01-08 21:24:55
1
331
Anshul Gupta
75,051,370
6,346,514
Python, Len not counting rows correctly
<p>I have a loop that counts the rows in each sheet of an xls. When i open the xls itself the count is not exactly aligning with what python is returning me.</p> <pre><code>row_counts = [] for sheet in list(data_mapping.keys()): row_counts.append(len(data_mapping.get(sheet))) print(len(data_mapping.get(sheet)))...
<python>
2023-01-08 21:17:20
1
577
Jonnyboi
75,051,327
1,128,695
Change month labels in matplotlib without changing the locale
<p>With this plot as an example: <a href="https://i.sstatic.net/2bawL.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/2bawL.png" alt="enter image description here" /></a></p> <p>With the code:</p> <pre><code>import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import matplotlib.dates as mdates import matplotlib.cbook as cboo...
<python><matplotlib>
2023-01-08 21:11:39
2
1,197
PerseP
75,051,207
4,348,534
pyautogui.write() not automatically using shift to type characters on non-english keyboard
<p>I'm trying to automate the uploading of a file to a website. Using <code>selenium</code> to navigate the website, I got to the point where I get the prompt box to input the filename:</p> <p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/p6ELl.jpg" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/p6ELl.jpg" alt="Upload prom...
<python><pyautogui>
2023-01-08 20:53:24
1
4,297
François M.
75,050,886
1,698,678
Signing a string with an RSA key in Python - how can I translate this JavaScript code that uses SubtleCrypto to Python?
<p>I am trying to sign a string with an RSA key in Python. I have working JavaScript code that does it, but now I need to replicate it in Python using Python-RSA.</p> <p>In particular, these are the two JavaScript calls that I need to deal with:</p> <pre><code>const key = await crypto.subtle.importKey( 'raw', bytesOfSe...
<javascript><python><rsa><subtlecrypto>
2023-01-08 20:03:18
1
1,504
PlinyTheElder
75,050,590
18,758,062
Error using Pytorch nn.Sequential: RuntimeError: mat1 and mat2 shapes cannot be multiplied
<p>After I try to clean up my working code to use <code>nn.Sequential</code>, I start to get the error when doing a forward pass</p> <blockquote> <p>RuntimeError: mat1 and mat2 shapes cannot be multiplied (64x49 and 3136x512)</p> </blockquote> <p>This is likely because during my original forward pass, I did this in the...
<python><pytorch><neural-network>
2023-01-08 19:13:05
1
1,623
gameveloster
75,050,436
5,736,438
Why is Scipy.linalg.eigh much slower when using np.complex64?
<p>I have a large Hermitian matrix of which I need to calculate the eigenvalues and eigenvectors. For this I use <code>scipy.linalg.eigh</code>. Above a certain size of the matrix, scipy is much faster if <code>np.complex128</code> is used as data type instead of <code>np.complex64</code>.</p> <p>If I use <code>np.comp...
<python><numpy><scipy><blas><eigenvector>
2023-01-08 18:48:28
0
1,062
Peter234
75,050,435
11,693,768
Python pandas drop columns if their partial name is in a list or column in pandas
<p>I have the following dataframe called <code>dropthese</code>.</p> <pre><code> | partname | x1 | x2 | x3.... 0 text1_mid1 1 another1_mid2 2 yet_another </code></pre> <p>And another dataframe called <code>df</code> that looks like this.</p> <pre><code> text1_mid1_suffix1 | text1_mid1_suf...
<python><pandas><filter>
2023-01-08 18:48:18
1
5,234
anarchy
75,050,419
41,174
python - mock - class method mocked but not reported as being called
<p>learning python mocks here. I need some helps to understand how the <em>patch</em> work when mocking a class.</p> <p>In the code below, I mocked a class. the function under tests receives the mock and calls a function on it. In my assertions, the class is successfully called, but the function is reported as not bein...
<python><unit-testing><mocking><python-unittest><python-unittest.mock>
2023-01-08 18:45:56
1
1,362
Jean-Francois
75,050,371
9,784,909
Difficulty Importing Fonts in Python FPDF package
<p>I'm having a tough time trying to get something working which I think should be straightforward.</p> <p>I'm new to python and learning via projects which in this case is a simple PDF generator. I want to add custom fonts to my program (Poppins) and I can get it to work if I include the fonts in the exact location as...
<python><fpdf>
2023-01-08 18:35:16
1
403
Tom E
75,050,364
6,372,226
More pythonic way to filter objects from a list of dicts based on a dict value that must not contain a string from a list of strings
<p>As I'm coming from Java, I wonder if there is a more pythonic approach to achieve the following logic:</p> <pre><code>movies = [{'original_title': 'Star Wars'}, {'original_title': 'Avengers'}, {'original_title': 'After Love'}] blacklist = ['Star', 'Love'] filtered_movies = [] for movie in movies: blacklisted = ...
<python><list><dictionary><filter>
2023-01-08 18:34:19
3
384
XDAF
75,050,310
558,619
Python: Dynamically add properties to class instance, properties return function value with inputs
<p>I've been going through all the Stackoverflow answers on dynamic property setting, but for whatever reason I can't seem to get this to work.</p> <p>I have a class, <code>Evolution_Base</code>, that in its <code>init</code> creates an instance of <code>Value_Differences</code>. <code>Value_Differences</code> should b...
<python>
2023-01-08 18:24:12
10
3,541
keynesiancross
75,049,933
3,132,844
How to interpolate values in non-rectangular coordinates using Python?
<p>I need to make compensation of values in my optical system using Python. I've measured the dependency of my compensation params in the corners of my table and I want to interpolate such value there linearly, but a map is not a rectangle. Example:</p> <pre><code># Corners coordinates: a_real = (45, 45) a_coeff = (33...
<python><numpy><scipy><coordinate-transformation>
2023-01-08 17:28:03
1
1,494
artsin
75,049,862
338,479
Minimal implementation of a "file-like" object?
<p>I want to create a file-like object to be passed to another module. I don't know if that other module will be calling read() or readline() or both. If I were to subclass say <code>io.IOBase</code> and just implement <code>read()</code> would that be sufficient, even if the client is calling <code>readline()</code>?<...
<python><file>
2023-01-08 17:18:41
1
10,195
Edward Falk
75,049,828
997,832
Tensorflow - Text Classification - Shapes (None,) and (None, 250, 100) are incompatible error
<p>I want to classify text with multiple labels. I use TextVectorization layer and CategoricalCrossEntropy function. Here is my model code:</p> <p>Text Vectorizer:</p> <pre><code>def custom_standardization(input_data): print(input_data[:5]) lowercase = tf.strings.lower(input_data) stripped_html = tf.strings.regex...
<python><tensorflow><deep-learning>
2023-01-08 17:14:23
1
1,395
cuneyttyler
75,049,808
3,507,584
Django postgres "No migrations to apply" troubleshoot
<p>I had to modify the table of my app so I dropped it from postgres database (using <code>objectname.objects.all().delete()</code> in django python shell and with postgres at PGAdmin).</p> <p>I deleted the appname <code>migrations</code> folder. When I run python <code>manage.py makemigrations appname</code>, the fold...
<python><django><postgresql><django-migrations>
2023-01-08 17:11:31
2
3,689
User981636
75,049,684
1,172,439
boxplot scatterplot from r to python
<p>I am trying to port some code from R to python, but I am encountering some difficulties with plotting.</p> <p>The simplest example I can give is the following:</p> <pre><code>library(ggplot2) df1=data.frame(a_class=letters[1:10], vals=sample(10, replace=TRUE)) ggplot(df1, aes(x=0, y=vals))+ geom_boxplot()+ the...
<python><r><matplotlib><ggplot2><seaborn>
2023-01-08 16:56:18
0
947
Fabrizio
75,049,548
552,563
Why can't you intern bytes in Python?
<p>As mentioned in Python documentation, <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html?highlight=intern#sys.intern" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><code>sys.intern()</code></a> only accepts string objects. I understand why mutable types are not supported by <code>sys.intern</code>. But there's at least one more immuta...
<python>
2023-01-08 16:38:29
1
3,011
Alex Bochkarev
75,049,502
15,825,321
XGBoost prediction input dimensionality error
<p>I have the following model:</p> <pre><code>X_train_xgb, X_test_xgb, y_train_xgb, y_test_xgb = X_train.values, X_test.values, y_train.values, y_test.values xgb_model = xgboost.XGBRegressor() xgb_model.fit(X_train_xgb, y_train_xgb) </code></pre> <p>X_train and X_test have the same count of columns. However, running</...
<python><numpy><multidimensional-array><xgboost>
2023-01-08 16:33:16
0
303
Paul1911
75,049,265
9,855,588
unable to mock global variable assigned to function call python pytest
<p>When I run my pytest and mock patch a global variable in the python file that has a function call assigned to capture the output, I'm unable to mock it (I dont want to actually execute the function during tests). I find that the function is still getting called. How can I prevent it from being called?</p> <pre><code...
<python><python-3.x><pytest><pytest-mock>
2023-01-08 16:03:00
1
3,221
dataviews
75,049,127
3,451,339
Resize any image to 512 x 512
<p>I am trying to train a stable diffusion model, which receives <code>512 x 512</code> images as inputs.</p> <p>I am downloading the bulk of images from the web, and they have multiple sizes and shapes, and so I need to preprocess them and convert to <code>512 x 512</code>.</p> <p>If I take this <code>2000 × 1434</cod...
<python><python-imaging-library><stable-diffusion>
2023-01-08 15:44:29
1
10,121
8-Bit Borges
75,049,077
1,436,800
How to create a single API which takes data of all Employees
<p>I am new to django. I have a model like this:</p> <pre><code>class Standup(models.Model): team = models.ForeignKey(&quot;Team&quot;, on_delete=models.CASCADE) standup_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) class StandupUpdate(models.Model): standup = models.ForeignKey(&quot;Standup&quot;, on_de...
<python><django><django-models><django-rest-framework><django-views>
2023-01-08 15:37:27
1
315
Waleed Farrukh
75,048,983
4,845,935
Can I mock sqlite3 CURRENT_TIMESTAMP in Python tests?
<p>I want to return custom value for SQLite3 CURRENT_TIMESTAMP in my Python tests by mocking the return value (without interfering system clock).</p> <p>I discovered <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/27499411/sqlite-can-i-mock-the-current-time-now-for-testing">this answer</a> but it doesn't work for CURRENT_...
<python><sqlite><unit-testing>
2023-01-08 15:26:32
2
874
dimnnv
75,048,909
5,359,846
How to make sure text inside a column is fully visible using Playwright?
<p>I have a table in my web page. Let us assume that one of the columns has a very long text, and the column is at its default width.</p> <pre><code>expect(self.page.locator('text=ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ')).\ to_be_visible(timeout=20 *1000) </code></pre> <p>The code passes, as <code>Playwright</code> can find the te...
<python><playwright><playwright-python>
2023-01-08 15:15:49
0
1,838
Tal Angel
75,048,860
7,155,895
Resize images while preserving aspect ratio
<p>I have a small problem that could have a simple solution, but unfortunately I'm not very good at math.</p> <p>I have three images that need to be stacked on top of each other and their heights add up to more than the screen height.</p> <p>So to fix, I did a simple proportion and changed the height of the three image...
<python><python-3.x><math><pygame><python-3.9>
2023-01-08 15:09:25
1
579
Rebagliati Loris
75,048,782
18,753,528
How to sequence numbers in text while looping
<p>I'm trying to reach a way to print numbers in a specific way but I can't, my code here</p> <pre><code>for i in range(7): # 7 it could be a string length for an example print(&quot;letter&quot;+str(i)+&quot;,letter&quot;+str(i+1)+&quot;|letter&quot;+str(i+1)+&quot;,letter&quot;+str(i+2)+&quot;;&quot;) </code></pr...
<python>
2023-01-08 14:59:07
4
875
IVs
75,048,688
17,267,064
PicklingError: Could not serialize object: IndexError: tuple index out of range
<p>I initiated pyspark in cmd and performed below to sharpen my skills.</p> <pre><code>C:\Users\Administrator&gt;SUCCESS: The process with PID 5328 (child process of PID 4476) has been terminated. SUCCESS: The process with PID 4476 (child process of PID 1092) has been terminated. SUCCESS: The process with PID 1092 (chi...
<python><apache-spark><pyspark><rdd>
2023-01-08 14:47:42
3
346
Mohit Aswani
75,048,619
18,749,472
Django - stop logout with javascript pop-up confirm box
<p>In my django site I have a logout button that redirects to the view <code>logout</code>. When the button is clicked it instantly logs the user out, but I would like a JS pop-up confirm box to appear then the logout button is clicked.</p> <p>When the user clicks 'Ok' OR 'Cancel' it logs the user out. How can i preven...
<javascript><python><django><django-views><popup>
2023-01-08 14:38:15
1
639
logan_9997
75,048,611
10,480,181
How to prevent subprocess.run() output?
<p>I am using the subprocess module to create some directories. However in some cases the same command might be creating directories in restricted directories. In such cases I get an output to the console: <code>mkdir: cannot create directory 'location/to/directory': Permission denied</code></p> <p>How to avoid this ou...
<python><python-3.x><subprocess><stdout>
2023-01-08 14:37:03
1
883
Vandit Goel
75,048,481
3,247,006
How to use local, non-local and global variables in the same inner function without errors in Python?
<p>When trying to use <strong>the local and non-local variables <code>x</code></strong> in <code>inner()</code> as shown below:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>x = 0 def outer(): x = 5 def inner(): x = 10 # Local variable x += 1 print(x) nonlocal x # ...
<python><global-variables><local-variables><python-nonlocal><inner-function>
2023-01-08 14:22:11
1
42,516
Super Kai - Kazuya Ito
75,048,422
11,133,602
cibuildwheel - CIBW_BEFORE_ALL not working as expected and cannot find installed module
<p>Here's the GitHub Actions job that uses to build wheel for a Python module with C++ code, (bound using the <code>pybind11</code> module):</p> <pre class="lang-yaml prettyprint-override"><code> jobs: build_wheels: name: Build wheels on ${{ matrix.os }} # if: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'succ...
<python><github-actions><python-module>
2023-01-08 14:11:48
1
1,096
Teddy C
75,048,344
7,959,614
Get ranking within Pandas.DataFrame with ties as possibility
<p>I have the following example</p> <pre><code>import pandas as pd names = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'] points = [10, 15, 15, 12, 20] scores = pd.DataFrame({'name': names, 'points': points}) </code></pre> <p>I want to create a new column called <code>position</code> that specifies the relative pos...
<python><pandas>
2023-01-08 14:01:01
1
406
HJA24
75,048,233
7,665,821
MSVC/VS is not detecting any Windows SDK related things - includes, libraries etc
<p>I installed Visual Studio Build Tools 2022 from the official website, checking the &quot;C++ desktop development&quot; box. It installed successfully. However, when I try to use it to compile some Python library, various errors thrown by the compiler shows that MSVC is not aware of any Windows SDK related files on m...
<python><windows><visual-c++>
2023-01-08 13:45:13
0
381
Billy Cao
75,047,803
12,871,587
Polars read_excel set option to include filtered rows
<p>I've noticed that the Polars read_excel/Xlsx2csv doesn't include rows that are filtered in excel file(s). However, there is an option in Polars read_csv to set xlsx2csv options (xlsx2csv_options: dict[str, Any]).</p> <p>I've tried to check from Xlsx2csv documentation whether there would be such an option, but couldn...
<python><python-polars>
2023-01-08 12:37:22
0
713
miroslaavi
75,047,681
5,362,515
Socket programming: How does client get access to its IP adress and port?
<p>Just started learning about socket programming using Python. To create server, we do something like this:</p> <pre><code>sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) server_address = ('localhost', 10000) sock.bind(server_address) sock.listen(1) while True: connection, client_address = sock.accept() ...
<python><sockets><network-programming>
2023-01-08 12:18:42
0
327
mayankkaizen
75,047,527
9,328,846
How to add a new column to dataframe based on conditions on another column
<p>I have the following example dataframe:</p> <pre><code>d = {'col1': [4, 2, 8, 4, 3, 7, 6, 9, 3, 5]} df = pd.DataFrame(data=d) df col1 0 4 1 2 2 8 3 4 4 3 5 7 6 6 7 9 8 3 9 5 </code></pre> <p>I need to add <code>col2</code> to this dataframe, and values of this new column will be set by comp...
<python><python-3.x><pandas><dataframe><rolling-computation>
2023-01-08 11:54:06
1
2,201
edn
75,047,412
7,093,241
Is there a way to use filter() to return a modified value with a lambda?
<p>I was trying to check for palindromes and wanted to eliminate non alphanumeric characters. I can use filter for this like so:</p> <pre><code>filteredChars = filter(lambda ch: ch.isalnum(), s) </code></pre> <p>However, I also need to compare with the same case so I would really like to get is <code>ch.lower</code> so...
<python>
2023-01-08 11:34:18
3
1,794
heretoinfinity
75,047,366
3,179,765
How to deal with non-English characters and spaces in filename in python?
<p>I want to download some files from gdrive with a python script. Files contain spaces and nonEnglish characters and I want to save them exactly with the same names. I try to create a similar file with spaces and special characters, but python gives me always <code>OSError: [Errno 22] Invalid argument:</code>:</p> <pr...
<python>
2023-01-08 11:26:26
0
705
Mubin Icyer
75,047,291
3,247,006
How can the most inner function access the non-local variable in the most outer function in Python?
<p><code>inner()</code> can access <strong>the non-local variable <code>x</code></strong> in <code>middle()</code> with <code>nonlocal x</code>:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>def outer(): x = 0 def middle(): x = 5 # &lt;- Here def inner(): nonlocal x # Here ...
<python><variables><nested-function><python-nonlocal><inner-function>
2023-01-08 11:11:08
1
42,516
Super Kai - Kazuya Ito
75,047,238
18,972,785
Why backslash ( \ ) causes ValuesError when using CDLIB?
<p>I am working on community detection algorithms on graphs. I have an edge list that its nodes are strings such as: names, addresses,IDs and ,... There was something interesting with edge list. When there is backslash ( \ ) in edgelist such as <code>\template1\ </code> the program raises this Error: <code>ValueError: ...
<python><graph>
2023-01-08 11:02:16
0
505
Orca
75,046,988
3,131,604
Building tensorflow-text=2.11.0 from source fails with "rev: command not found" on Windows
<p>As you may know, after version 2.10, tensorflow-text is not be provided as a pip package on windows.</p> <p>I tried to follow the Build from source procedure at <a href="https://github.com/tensorflow/text#build-from-source-steps" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://github.com/tensorflow/text#build-from-source-steps</a...
<python><tensorflow2.0>
2023-01-08 10:21:12
1
7,433
u2gilles
75,046,899
19,838,445
Does function know about the class before binding
<p>Is there a way to access a class (where function is defined as a method) before there is an instance of that class?</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>class MyClass: def method(self): print(&quot;Calling me&quot;) m1 = MyClass.method instance = MyClass() m2 = instance.method print(m2._...
<python><methods><metaprogramming><python-descriptors>
2023-01-08 10:02:15
2
720
GopherM
75,046,837
3,482,266
How can I preserve search efficiency, and reduce RAM usage of a dictionary container?
<p>I'm keeping a record of what I'm calling <code>profile</code>s.</p> <p>Each <code>profile</code> is a tuple of dictionaries: <code>(Dict,Dict)</code>, and we can associate to it a unique <code>id</code>(may include characters like <code>_</code> or <code>-</code>).</p> <p>I need to keep them in RAM memory for a cert...
<python>
2023-01-08 09:51:04
0
1,608
An old man in the sea.
75,046,764
12,167,384
max() with key argument python
<p>I know a bit about how <code>key</code> argument is used in python <code>max()</code>. <code>max((&quot;pyth&quot;, &quot;lua&quot;, &quot;ruby&quot;), key=len)</code> will return <code>pyth</code> and <code>ruby</code>. However, <code>max((31, 13, 11), key=lambda x: sum(int(i) for i in str(x)))</code> will only giv...
<python><max>
2023-01-08 09:40:35
3
336
uoay
75,046,746
1,181,482
python: how to find name of currently evaluating argument during function call
<p>given the code example below: how can I get the name of argument corresponding to particular evaluation of function get_arg_val.</p> <pre><code>def do_sum(a, b, c): return a + b + c def get_arg_val(): print(&quot;call f&quot;) # what argument this call corresponds to: a, b or c ??? return 1 x = do_sum...
<python><python-3.x><parameter-passing><introspection><function-call>
2023-01-08 09:37:29
0
2,612
lowtech
75,046,723
5,869,076
Execute statement only once in Python
<p>I'm running a periodic task on Celery that executes the same code once every 3 minutes. If a condition is True, an action is performed (a message is sent), but I need that message to be sent only once.</p> <p>The ideal would be that that message, if sent, it could not be sent in the next 24 hours (even though the fu...
<python><python-3.x><celery>
2023-01-08 09:33:31
2
611
Jim
75,046,635
8,844,732
Subplot multiple combination of categories in python
<p>I have the following example dataset where 'Type1 has 2 categories 'A' and 'B' and 'Type2' has 3 categories 'Red', 'Blue', and ' Green'. I would like to plot 3 subplots where subplot 1 has 'Type1', subplot 2 has 'Type2' and subplot3 has the combination of 'Type1' and 'Type2'. The x axis is the 'Time' and the y axis ...
<python><pandas><matplotlib>
2023-01-08 09:16:52
1
423
non_linear
75,046,568
20,800,676
Why does pylint raises this error: Parsing failed: 'cannot assign to expression here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='?
<p>While solving some exercises from the &quot;Impractical Python Projects&quot; book I've encountered this error:</p> <pre><code>myconfig.pylintrc:6:1: E0001: Parsing failed: 'cannot assign to expression here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='? (&lt;unknown&gt;, line 6)' (syntax-error) </code></pre> <p>The error occ...
<python><python-3.x><pylint><pylintrc>
2023-01-08 09:03:20
1
541
Sigmatest
75,046,502
5,130,783
Python floating-point equations
<p>I want to know how to make floating-point equations correctly in Python3.</p> <p>I am trying to solve a linear equation problem and have variables and statements below.</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>slope = float(70 / 23) c = 9 (slope * -161) + c == -481 # False print((slope * -161) + c) # -481...
<python><floating-point>
2023-01-08 08:49:53
0
1,679
Changnam Hong
75,046,444
4,053,840
Run python tests from different files in parrallel?
<p>I am working on integration tests, written in python and run with pytest. They are defined/written in different python files, but all these tests are executed sequentially. Part of the tests include testing of starting and stopping of machines, and this takes a while. That is why i want to run the start/stopping tes...
<python><parallel-processing><pytest>
2023-01-08 08:36:59
1
483
Ivajlo Iliev
75,046,434
11,995,121
wxpython RuntimeError: super-class __init__() of type MainMenuBar was never called when instantiating class
<p>I am trying to import MainMenuBar class from filemenu.py to my main class and instantiate it in my main class init method in wxPython but I am getting error</p> <pre><code>RuntimeError: super-class __init__() of type MainMenuBar was never called </code></pre> <p>Here is my main class</p> <pre><code>import os import ...
<python><class><wxpython><instantiation><init>
2023-01-08 08:35:05
2
454
HotWheels
75,046,293
13,789,467
Cannot run selenium test
<p>I am new to automation testing. Currently downloaded selenium 4 and trying to automate login into a sample site.Please help me with this. Been struggling all day in this. And I can't even understand my error messages in the console<a href="https://i.sstatic.net/lBD2S.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://...
<python><selenium><selenium-webdriver><selenium-chromedriver><webdriverwait>
2023-01-08 08:04:21
2
319
Prashant Mishra
75,046,236
194,888
Why is this map_elements() custom function slower in Polars than apply() in Pandas
<p>I ran the following in a Jupyter Notebook and was disappointed that similar Pandas code is faster. Hoping someone can show a smarter approach in Polars.</p> <p>POLARS VERSION</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>def cleanse_text(sentence): RIGHT_QUOTE = r&quot;(\u2019)&quot; sentence = re.sub(...
<python><dataframe><python-polars>
2023-01-08 07:51:07
1
616
Biosopher
75,046,225
6,357,916
Why python code with list comprehension take less time than the one without?
<p>I wrote following code:</p> <pre><code>def meth3(history_list, fromDate, toDate): active = {} chart_data = [0] * (daysDiff + 1) activityData = [(_activityData.user_id, timezone.localtime(_activityData.last_save_time).date()) for item in history_list for _activityData in item.use...
<python><python-3.x><list-comprehension>
2023-01-08 07:48:58
0
3,029
MsA
75,046,073
17,275,588
Python + Open AI/GPT3 question: Why is part of my prompt spilling into the responses I receive?
<p>This happens to probably 10% of responses I get. For whatever reason, the last bits of my prompt somehow spill into it, at the start of it. Like there will be a period, or a question mark, or sometimes a few of the last letters from the prompt, that get removed from the prompt, and somehow find their way into BOTH t...
<python><machine-learning><artificial-intelligence><gpt-3>
2023-01-08 07:16:08
1
389
king_anton
75,045,732
14,358,677
html to pdf on Azure using pdfkit with wkhtmltopdf
<p>I'm attempting to write an Azure function which converts an html input to pdf and either writes this to a blob and/or returns the pdf to the client. I'm using the <a href="https://pypi.org/project/pdfkit/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">pdfkit</a> python library. This requires the wkhtmltopdf executable to be available.<...
<python><azure><azure-functions><wkhtmltopdf><html-to-pdf>
2023-01-08 05:39:09
1
2,769
Anupam Chand
75,045,588
19,238,204
Python3 Matplotlib to Show Solid of Revolution from Method of Disks, Method of Shells, and Method of Washers around x-axis and y-axis
<p>I have created this topic before: <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/74970235/how-to-add-another-subplot-to-show-solid-of-revolution-toward-x-axis/74972856#74972856">How to Add another subplot to show Solid of Revolution toward x-axis?</a></p> <p>I want to plot the solid from a curve 3 + 2x - x^2 that is r...
<python><python-3.x><numpy><matplotlib>
2023-01-08 04:58:11
0
435
Freya the Goddess
75,045,285
17,696,880
Put "0" in front of numeric quantities within a string that are missing a numeric figure following the context of a regex pattern
<pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>import re input_text = '2000_-_9_-_01 8:1 am' #example 1 input_text = '(2000_-_1_-_01) 18:1 pm' #example 2 input_text = '(20000_-_12_-_1) (1:1 am)' #example 3 identificate_hours = r&quot;(?:a\s*las|a\s*la|)\s*(\d{1,2}):(\d{1,2})\s*(?:(am)|(pm)|)&quot; date_format_0...
<python><regex><datetime>
2023-01-08 03:18:02
1
875
Matt095
75,045,199
344,669
pytest patch generate exception for Class method call
<p>I am testing the generating mock exception using <code>side_effect</code>. based on this page <a href="https://changhsinlee.com/pytest-mock/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://changhsinlee.com/pytest-mock/</a> I am trying to generate the exception when calling <code>load_data</code> method, but its not working for m...
<python><python-3.x><pytest><pytest-mock>
2023-01-08 02:47:33
2
19,251
sfgroups
75,045,161
1,014,385
How can we make pandas default handling of missing values warn of their presence rather than silently ignore them?
<p>As discussed <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/73615856/does-pandas-current-treatment-of-missing-values-have-potential-to-cause-serious">here</a>, pandas silently replaces <code>NaN</code> values with 0 when calculating sums, in contrast to explicit calculations as shown here:</p> <pre class="lang-py pret...
<python><pandas><missing-data>
2023-01-08 02:34:04
1
912
David Lovell
75,045,158
5,212,614
Trying to scrape a specific table but getting no results
<p>I tried three different techniques to scrape a table named 'table-light', but nothing is actually working for me. The code below shows my attempts to extract the data.</p> <pre><code>import pandas as pd tables = pd.read_html('https://finviz.com/groups.ashx?g=industry&amp;v=120&amp;o=marketcap') tables ############...
<python><python-3.x><beautifulsoup>
2023-01-08 02:32:52
1
20,492
ASH
75,045,016
11,462,274
If the value of a specific column from a previous date is greater than zero then True, less than or equal to zero is False
<pre class="lang-none prettyprint-override"><code>,clock_now,competition,market_name,lay,per_day 0,2022-12-30,A,B,-1.0,-1.0 1,2022-12-31,A,B,1.28,0.28 2,2023-01-01,A,B,-1.0,-0.72 3,2023-01-02,A,B,1.0,0.28 4,2023-01-03,A,B,1.0,1.28 5,2023-01-04,A,B,-1.0,-1.72 6,2023-01-04,A,B,-1.0,-1.72 7,2023-01-04,A,B,-1.0,-1.72 </co...
<python><pandas>
2023-01-08 01:46:20
1
2,222
Digital Farmer
75,044,779
6,626,632
Scraping data from KendoUI interface using selenium and python
<p>I am trying to scrape data from <a href="https://laerm-monitoring.de/mittelung?mp=14" rel="nofollow noreferrer">this website</a> using selenium and python (note the website is in German but can be translated using Chrome's translate function). Specifically, I would like to automate the process of (1) selecting &quot...
<python><selenium><web-scraping>
2023-01-08 00:42:05
1
462
sdg
75,044,685
10,380,766
Pyenv unable to install older versions of Python 3 due to `configure: error: C compiler cannot create executables`
<p>I've been trying to use <code>pyenv</code> to install older versions of python3. I've tried <code>3.0.1</code>, <code>3.1.0</code>, <code>3.1.1</code>, and <code>3.1.2</code>. I kept getting the error</p> <pre><code>ImportError: No module named _ssl ERROR: The Python ssl extension was not compiled. Missing the OpenS...
<python><python-3.x><ubuntu><openssl><pyenv>
2023-01-08 00:15:41
2
1,020
Hofbr
75,044,683
11,154,361
NetCDF variable extraction at specific coordinates using arrays does not work - python
<p>I am trying to extract two variables values of a netCDF file at specific coordinates. From what I have seen from various posts on StackOverflow, the best way to achieve that is to work with <code>arrays</code>.</p> <p>I have tried to use <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/69330668/efficient-way-to-extract-...
<python><arrays><netcdf><python-xarray>
2023-01-08 00:14:40
0
344
I.M.
75,044,240
1,473,517
Correlation coefficient confidence intervals
<p>Using scipy.stats we can compute the correlation coefficient along with a p-value. For example using:</p> <pre><code>x = [1.76405235, 0.40015721, 0.97873798, 2.2408932, 1.86755799, -0.97727788] y = [2.71414076, 0.2488, 0.87551913, 2.6514917, 2.01160156, 0.47699563] def statistic(x): # permute only `x` return...
<python><scipy><statistics>
2023-01-07 22:32:18
1
21,513
Simd
75,044,224
1,580,659
How do I "flatten" a nested serializer in DRF?
<p>We have a nested serializer that we would like to &quot;flatten&quot;. But I'm not having much luck finding how to achieve this in the docs.</p> <p>Here is the current output.</p> <pre><code>{ &quot;user_inventory&quot;: &quot;UOHvaxFa11R5Z0bPYuihP0RKocn2&quot;, &quot;quantity&quot;: 1, &quot;player&quot...
<python><django><django-rest-framework>
2023-01-07 22:30:44
1
1,428
JeremyE
75,043,540
14,368,435
how can i tell the python interpreter running inside the flatpak sandbox to use libraries from the main system
<p>I'm creating a Gtk4 application with python bindings on Linux. I'm using flatpak as well. So I'm creating like an extensions/plugins systems where user can define his main module to call in a specific file and later on ill load it. Every thing works but when the user uses imports for external libraries like NumPy or...
<python><gtk4><flatpak>
2023-01-07 20:24:12
1
304
Ali BEN AMOR
75,043,535
2,495,203
Python: more efficient data structure than a nested dictionary of dictionaries of arrays?
<p>I'm writing a python-3.10 program that predicts time series of various properties for a large number of objects. My current choice of data structure for collecting results internally in the code and then for writing to files is a nested dictionary of dictionaries of arrays. For example, for two objects with time ser...
<python><numpy><dictionary><nested><pickle>
2023-01-07 20:22:39
1
721
quantumflash
75,043,497
1,486,486
Nested locks of the same Thread causing a dead lock
<p>I have a small class (<code>Counters</code>) which wraps a dictionary of objects (<code>Counter</code>).</p> <p>Here is a simplified example (with my debugging prints...)</p> <pre><code>import threading import time import logging import random logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG, format='(%(threadName)-9s) %(me...
<python><python-3.x><multithreading><deadlock><thread-lock>
2023-01-07 20:16:45
1
6,606
Shlomi Hassid
75,043,415
7,437,221
How can I add a new column to a dataframe (df1) that is the sum of multiple lookup values from df1 in another dataframe (df2)
<p>Say I have 2 dataframes:</p> <p>df1</p> <pre><code> id guid name item1 item2 item3 item4 item5 item6 item7 item8 item9 0 3031958124 85558-261955282 Alonso 85558-57439 85558-54608 85558-91361 85558-40647 85558-41305 85558-799...
<python><pandas><numpy><data-science><data-analysis>
2023-01-07 20:03:24
3
353
Sean Sailer
75,043,231
10,664,489
Upgrade to opencv-python 4.7 causes import error
<p>While working on a project that uses the opencv-python module, I ended up updating it to version 4.7.0.68 from 4.6.0.66. The next time I ran my program it failed with an import error: <code>ImportError: dlopen(path/to/my/virtualenv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/cv2/cv2.abi3.so, 2): Symbol not found: _VTRegisterSupplem...
<python><macos><opencv>
2023-01-07 19:34:51
1
574
Adam Richard
75,043,137
814,354
Set arrow size based on figure units instead of axis data units?
<p>In matplotlib, is there a way to specify arrow head sizes in figure units rather than in data units?</p> <p>The use case is: I am making a multi-panel figure in which each panel has a different axis size (e.g., one goes from 0 to 1 on the X-axis, and the next goes from 0 to 10). I'd like the arrows to appear the sa...
<python><matplotlib><plot>
2023-01-07 19:18:11
2
19,445
keflavich
75,043,134
2,326,896
How would I implement my own IntEnum in Python if one wasn't provided oob?
<p>I always struggle with Enum, IntEnum, etc and have to revisit the documentation several times each time I use this Python feature. I think it would be useful to have a more clear understanding of the internals.</p> <p>For instance, why can't I use named arguments in this example?</p> <pre><code>class MD_Fields(IntEn...
<python><enums>
2023-01-07 19:17:44
2
891
Fernando César
75,043,118
2,453,606
Sagemaker Batch Transform Job "upstream prematurely closed connection" when surpassing 30 minutes
<p>I am serving a sagemaker model through a custom docker container using <a href="https://sagemaker-examples.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced_functionality/scikit_bring_your_own/scikit_bring_your_own.html#When-should-I-build-my-own-algorithm-container%3F" rel="nofollow noreferrer">the guide that AWS provides</a>. Thi...
<python><amazon-web-services><nginx><gunicorn><amazon-sagemaker>
2023-01-07 19:14:55
1
1,885
GrantD71
75,043,093
2,326,896
Python compiler says I'm adding an extra argument to int in an Enum
<p>I'm trying to create a custom enumerator that can replace an int, but has additional fields.</p> <pre><code>from enum import IntEnum class MD_Fields(IntEnum): ACCOUNT = (0, &quot;Account&quot;, True) M_DESCRIPT = (4, &quot;Description&quot;, False) def __new__(cls, value: int, description: str, identif...
<python><enums>
2023-01-07 19:11:56
1
891
Fernando César
75,043,070
1,845,408
groupby produces a different mean when done at two levels
<p>I have a dataset (<code>df</code>) about the <code>Time</code> spent by different users (<code>UserId</code>). Users can belong to different <code>Group</code>s (1, 2, 3).</p> <pre><code> UserId Time Group 0 181915 52 3 1 128004 52 2 2 178974 40 1 3 182887 30 1 4 238434 50 2 </code></pre> <...
<python><pandas><dataframe><group-by>
2023-01-07 19:06:40
0
8,321
renakre
75,043,032
19,989,634
How to redirect to same place on page when redirecting to previous page
<p>I was wondering if there is a way in django for when you click back to go to the previous page via a link or in my case an anchored link with in an img, for it to also end up in the same place as you click originally, in my case the image that is clicked in the first place.</p> <p><strong>Page I click image to redir...
<python><django>
2023-01-07 19:01:18
1
407
David Henson
75,043,015
13,609,047
Jupyter Kernel Dies when Running TensorFlow Model
<p>While training a TensorFlow Model in Jupyter, the kernel dies before the first epoch.</p> <p>The model I am using is a DeepLab with input size 256 on a ResNet50 encoder. I cannot show the model summary because it is too long to fit in the question. This issue only happens with this specific model and does not occur ...
<python><tensorflow><jupyter-notebook>
2023-01-07 18:58:41
1
352
neuops
75,042,645
1,826,066
Specify return type of a wrapper function that calls an abstract method in Python
<p>For this example, consider the simplified scenario where a <code>Solver</code> will return a <code>Solution</code>.</p> <p>We have <code>Solution</code>s:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>class Solution(ABC): pass class AnalyticalSolution(Solution): pass class NumericalSolution(Solutio...
<python><object><abstract-class><type-hinting>
2023-01-07 18:05:10
1
1,351
Thomas
75,042,556
5,994,555
TypeError when autoincrementing column in sqlalchemy
<p>I have the following table definition</p> <pre><code>class User(Base): __tablename__ = 'users' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True) email = Column(String(256), unique=True) is_admin = Column(Boolean, nullable=False) def __init__(self, id, email, is_admin): self.id ...
<python><sqlalchemy>
2023-01-07 17:51:37
1
497
Sabina Orazem
75,042,333
13,345,744
How to convert Pandas Series to Timestamp when not every value is convertible?
<p><strong>Context</strong></p> <p>I have a <code>Pandas</code> <code>Series</code> containing <code>Dates</code> in a <code>String</code> format <em>(e.g. 2017-12-19 09:35:00)</em>. My goal is to convert this <code>Series</code> into <code>Timestamps</code> <em>(Time in Seconds since 1970)</em>.</p> <p>The difficulty ...
<python><pandas><datetime><machine-learning><timestamp>
2023-01-07 17:22:13
2
1,721
christophriepe
75,042,171
14,094,460
Block setting of class attributes (__setattr__)
<ol> <li>is there a simple way to prevent setting new class attrs?</li> <li>while trying with the following snippet, shouldn't <code>setattr(Derived, &quot;test1&quot;, 1)</code> call the <code>__setattr__</code> from <code>Base</code>?</li> </ol> <pre><code>class Base: def __setattr__(self, key, value): ra...
<python><setattr>
2023-01-07 16:58:58
2
1,442
deponovo
75,042,021
20,247,248
Import "pybit" could not be resolved
<p>When I run <code>pip3 install pybit</code> in the terminal I get:</p> <pre><code>Requirement already satisfied: pybit in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages (2.4.1) </code></pre> <p>But in my project:</p> <pre><code>#API imports from pybit import HTTP </code></pre> <p>I ge...
<python>
2023-01-07 16:39:03
0
402
tdimoff
75,042,013
7,104,332
Python sort a string in CSV
<p>I want to sort the every row of the CSV string with the following code</p> <pre><code>import csv def sort_csv_columns(csv_string: str) -&gt; str: # Split the CSV string into lines lines = csv_string.strip().split(&quot;\n&quot;) # Split the first line (column names) and sort it case-insensitively h...
<python><csv>
2023-01-07 16:37:28
1
474
Rohit Sthapit
75,041,692
4,451,521
Ordering a dataframe with a key function and multiple columns
<p>I have the following</p> <pre><code>import pandas as pd import numpy as np df = pd.DataFrame({ 'col1': ['A', 'A', 'B', np.nan, 'D', 'C'], 'col2': [2, -1, 9, -8, 7, 4], 'col3': [0, 1, 9, 4, 2, 3], 'col4': ['a', 'B', 'c', 'D', 'e', 'F'], 'col5': [2, 1, 9, 8, 7, 4], 'col6': [1.00005,1.00001,-2....
<python><pandas>
2023-01-07 15:53:42
2
10,576
KansaiRobot