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78,991,776
388,951
How can I reference the type hint for an instance variable on another class?
<p>The OpenAI Python types define a <code>Batch</code> class with a <a href="https://github.com/openai/openai-python/blob/192b8f2b6a49f462e48c1442858931875524ab49/src/openai/types/batch.py#L39-L42" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><code>status</code> field</a>:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>class Batch(B...
<python><python-typing>
2024-09-16 20:56:16
1
17,142
danvk
78,991,666
825,227
Looking to create column names from top rows in dataframe
<p>I have a dataframe that looks like this:</p> <pre><code> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 0 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 2....
<python><pandas>
2024-09-16 20:16:13
1
1,702
Chris
78,991,594
6,930,340
Polars: Advanced cross sectional trading algorithm
<p>I have a polars dataframe containing stock returns as well as cross-sectional ranks in a tidy/long <code>pl.DataFrame</code>.</p> <pre><code>import polars as pl prices = pl.DataFrame( { &quot;symbol&quot;: [ *[&quot;symbol1&quot;] * 7, *[&quot;symbol2&quot;] * 6, *[&q...
<python><python-polars>
2024-09-16 19:52:28
0
5,167
Andi
78,991,587
901,444
getting last character from a string that may or may not be unicode
<p>I'm parsing a file that contains both alpha strings and unicode/UTF-8 strings containing IPA pronunciations.</p> <p>I want to be able to obtain the last character of a string, but sometimes those characters occupy two spaces, e.g.</p> <pre><code>syl = 'tyl' # plain ascii last_char = syl[-1] # last char is 'l' syl ...
<python><string><unicode><utf-8><character>
2024-09-16 19:51:07
4
8,708
slashdottir
78,991,568
615,525
How to Increase Accuracy of Text Read in Images Using Microsoft Azure Computer Vision AI
<p>I'm new to Microsoft Azure AI Computer Vision. I am using Cognitive Services and the Computer Vision Client in a Python Program to do two things:</p> <ol> <li>Extract text from a JPG Image using Optical Character Recognition (OCR)</li> <li>Use Cognitive Services to provide a Description of the Image</li> </ol> <p>Af...
<python><azure><ocr><azure-cognitive-services>
2024-09-16 19:43:15
1
353
user615525
78,991,562
210,867
How to process tasks as they complete when using TaskGroup?
<p>I understand the <a href="https://textual.textualize.io/blog/2023/02/11/the-heisenbug-lurking-in-your-async-code/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">arguments</a> for using the newer <code>TaskGroup</code> in place of older mechanisms based on <code>create_task()</code>.</p> <p>However, <code>TaskGroup</code> exits after <e...
<python><parallel-processing><python-asyncio>
2024-09-16 19:39:05
2
8,548
odigity
78,991,298
4,577,467
Can a Python class derive from a SWIG-wrapped C++ class?
<p>I am using SWIG version 4.0.2 in a Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) Ubuntu distribution. I can wrap a C++ class (<code>EventProcessor</code>), create an instance of that class in Python, and provide that instance to a wrapped global C++ function (<code>registerEventProcessor()</code>). But, can I define a class i...
<python><c++><swig>
2024-09-16 18:07:51
1
927
Mike Finch
78,991,208
6,770,842
How to generate minimal epub file using ebooklib
<p>I would like to use python and ebooklib to generate a &quot;minimal&quot; epub from an existing one. In other words, I want to keep only the required subset of metadata (title, creator, date, publisher), cover image, toc, spine, and (obviously) the whole text, and remove all extra-stuff (extra metadata, extra images...
<python><epub><ebooklib>
2024-09-16 17:38:10
0
2,427
sciroccorics
78,991,192
8,810,517
Race Condition in Confluent Kafka Consumer with Asyncio and ThreadPoolExecutor in Python
<p>I'm working on a Python application where I need to consume messages from a Kafka topic, process them by making an async API request, and produce a response to an outbound Kafka topic. Since the Kafka client I'm using is synchronous (confluent-kafka), I decided to use ThreadPoolExecutor to run the consumer in a sepa...
<python><multithreading><apache-kafka><async-await><python-asyncio>
2024-09-16 17:33:58
1
526
Abhay
78,991,070
6,618,225
Column manipulation based on headline values within rows
<p>I have a Pandas dataframe with a column that contains different types of values and I want to create a new column out of it based on the information inside that column. Every few rows there is a kind of &quot;headline&quot; row that should define that values for the following rows until the next headline row that th...
<python><pandas>
2024-09-16 16:50:30
3
357
Kai
78,991,020
179,014
Why are type annotations needed in Python dataclasses?
<p>In opposition to standard classes in Python dataclasses fields must have a type annotation. But I don't understand what the purpose of these type annotations really is. One can create a dataclass like this</p> <pre><code>from dataclasses import dataclass, fields @dataclass class Broken: field1: str = &quot;defa...
<python><syntax><python-typing><python-dataclasses>
2024-09-16 16:33:32
2
11,858
asmaier
78,990,992
16,912,844
Circular Import During `dictConfig` in Python Logging
<p>I have a custom logger with the below structure, it uses <code>dictConfig</code> to read the <code>default.json</code> file for the logger. It works fine, but when I wanted to nest under a project root, I got an error while importing it. Any reason why that might happen? I double checked the path and it see to be co...
<python><logging>
2024-09-16 16:20:33
0
317
YTKme
78,990,976
18,476,381
sqlalchemy contains_eager not loading nested relationships
<p>I have tables of motor and motor_cycle, which is a one to many relationship. I would like to join these tables and show all the motor_cycles for a motor with an <strong>OPTIONAL</strong> condition on the motor_cycle table. Originally I was using <strong>joinedload</strong> but found after applying the where conditio...
<python><sql><sqlalchemy>
2024-09-16 16:15:16
1
609
Masterstack8080
78,990,912
5,838,180
Scatter plot on a region of the sky with a circle
<p>I am trying to do a scatter plot of a few data points on a region of the sky and then add a circle to the plot. Note, that I don't want a plot of the full sky, just of the region around the data points. The coordinates of the data points in degrees are:</p> <pre><code>ra = np.array([248.3, 249.8, 250.2, 250.5, 250.5...
<python><matplotlib><coordinates><region><astropy>
2024-09-16 15:53:13
1
2,072
NeStack
78,990,852
7,200,174
Improve Pandas and Vectorization Performance on large dataset
<p><strong>CONTEXT</strong></p> <p>I have a large dataset (100-250mb) in a CSV file and need to assign groupings to the population of people. The groupings are based on a dynamic ruleset defined in another CSV file. For ease of reproduction, I've added sample data and sample 'rulesets' / query strings</p> <p><strong>...
<python><pandas><dataframe><performance><vectorization>
2024-09-16 15:36:56
2
331
KL_
78,990,761
12,352,239
Where are pip dependencies installed in a docker image?
<p>I have a docker file that is using poetry to install dependencies e.g.</p> <pre><code>FROM public.ecr.aws/lambda/python:3.12 # Install poetry RUN pip install &quot;poetry&quot; WORKDIR ${LAMBDA_TASK_ROOT} COPY poetry.lock pyproject.toml ${LAMBDA_TASK_ROOT}/ # Project initialization: RUN poetry config virtualenvs....
<python><docker>
2024-09-16 15:07:12
1
480
219CID
78,990,748
16,226,816
Torch backward PowBackward0 causes nan gradient where it shouldn't
<p>I have a pytorch tensor with NaN inside, when I calculate the loss function using a simple MSE Loss the gradient becomes NaN even if I mask out the NaN values.</p> <p>Weirdly this happens only when the mask is applyied after calculating the loss and only when the loss has a pow operation inside. The various cases fo...
<python><pytorch>
2024-09-16 15:04:08
1
378
Paul_0
78,990,683
2,311,719
How can run vLLM model on a multi GPU server
<p>I want to run an LLM model on a multi-gpu server (4 GPU) using vLLM.</p> <p>Here is the command line I run:</p> <pre><code>python3 -m vllm.entrypoints.api_server --model bjaidi/Phi-3-medium-128k-instruct-awq --quantization awq --dtype auto --gpu-memory-utilization 0.8 </code></pre> <p>I got this error:</p> <pre><cod...
<python><gpu><large-language-model><vllm>
2024-09-16 14:46:27
1
860
Ali Ait-Bachir
78,990,589
1,756,833
How to merge and match different length dataframes (lists) in Python/Pandas
<p>I have over 12 dataframes that I want to merge into a single dataframe, where row values match for each column (or null if they don't exist). Each dataframe has a different number of rows, but will never repeat values. The goal is to both identify common values and missing values.</p> <p>Eg.df1</p> <pre><code>id la...
<python><pandas><dataframe>
2024-09-16 14:23:05
2
3,139
KHibma
78,990,487
3,801,449
ReadTheDocs Sphinx: WARNING: Field list ends without a blank line; unexpected unindent
<p>I'm documenting my Python package using Sphinx. But I've come across several warnings I have no idea, what to do about. All of them are occurring in my module-level docstrings, not inside of classes or methods.</p> <p>When trying to build my documentation on ReadTheDocs I'm getting the following error:</p> <pre><cod...
<python><python-sphinx><read-the-docs><autodoc><sphinx-napoleon>
2024-09-16 13:54:09
1
3,007
Eenoku
78,990,400
12,719,086
How can I keep Dask workers busy when processing large datasets to prevent them from running out of tasks?
<p>I'm trying to process a large dataset (around 1 million tasks) using Dask distributed computing in Python. (I am getting data from a database to process it, and I am retriving around 1M rows). Here I have just made a simpler version of my code:</p> <p>Each task simulates some computation, and I want to efficiently d...
<python><dask><dask-distributed><dask-delayed>
2024-09-16 13:33:10
1
471
Polymood
78,990,308
1,103,595
How do I download wheels for the allosaurus python module?
<p>I'm having trouble understanding how to download wheels for a Python project. I need to build a set of wheels for a Blender addon - Blender has recently changed it's addon requirements, so I need to build wheels for it now.</p> <p>Anyhow, I want to use the allosaurus package. It has dependencies on a lot of other ...
<python><windows><macos><pip>
2024-09-16 13:02:40
1
5,630
kitfox
78,990,178
17,082,611
Unable to import module 'src.main': No module named 'dependencies' when uploading FastAPI zipped project to AWS Lambda
<p>I am developing a simple FastAPI app and I want to deploy it on AWS Lambda.</p> <p>This is the structure of the project:</p> <p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/XWxCJ1ec.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/XWxCJ1ec.png" alt="structure" /></a></p> <p>And I ran this command for creating the <c...
<python><amazon-web-services><aws-lambda><fastapi>
2024-09-16 12:27:30
1
481
tail
78,989,984
8,208,804
Optimize tree-traversal over table of data
<p>I have a tree which contains links between multiple nodes. I also have a dataframe with 1 million rows. There is a mapping between tree nodes and dataframe columns as follows:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>import networkx as nx import pandas as pd import numpy as np g = nx.DiGraph() g.add_edg...
<python><pandas><dataframe><tree><tree-traversal>
2024-09-16 11:37:18
1
1,462
Sreekar Mouli
78,989,835
11,720,066
AWS Athena with python - is it possible to mock with moto while still testing the sql?
<p>My code performs sql queries on Athena using <code>boto3</code>.</p> <p>I want to be able to test the entire functionality, but avoiding the actual access to athena. I need the data to be fetched based on the query string my code sends and the actual data I put in mocked <code>s3</code> as part of the tests setup.</...
<python><boto3><amazon-athena><moto>
2024-09-16 10:53:15
1
613
localhost
78,989,606
2,491,541
Set Python Environment and Execute Python Code in PHP Script
<p>I am trying to convert the vcd file to wavedrom json file using the python library</p> <p><a href="https://github.com/Toroid-io/vcd2wavedrom" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://github.com/Toroid-io/vcd2wavedrom</a></p> <p>when I run on my terminal the below code works fine</p> <pre><code> source /var/www/xxx/vcd2wave...
<python><php>
2024-09-16 09:41:08
0
6,891
Alaksandar Jesus Gene
78,989,501
4,105,307
Is there a simple way to hide database credentials in psycopg2 error messages
<p>I have recently realised that some error messages, in psycopg2, display the full database uri. This dbi's credentials are obviously secret, and access to them is far more secure than the access to the logs.</p> <pre><code>psycopg2.OperationalError: connection to server at &quot;my_database_uri.including_password.in_...
<python><psycopg2>
2024-09-16 09:11:32
1
454
DarksteelPenguin
78,989,466
13,849,446
Can not Install Ryu: AttributeError: module 'setuptools.command.easy_install' has no attribute 'get_script_args'
<p>I have been trying to install Ryu for few days but was not able to get around this error. I have been stuck for long and need to install it as soon as possible to continue working.</p> <pre><code>fani@fani-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~/ryu$ pip install . --break-system-packages Defaulting to user installation because no...
<python><python-3.x><sdn><ryu>
2024-09-16 09:03:49
4
1,146
farhan jatt
78,989,454
10,451,021
Unable to import selenium.webdriver.common.by
<p>While trying to run selenium commands in Python, I am not able to import <code>selenium.webdriver.common.by</code>. However, the library 'selenium' is finely imported. I am running the program in VS Code.</p> <p>Script:-</p> <pre><code>from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver...
<python><visual-studio-code><selenium-webdriver>
2024-09-16 08:56:00
0
1,999
Salman
78,989,293
19,369,310
InconsistentVersionWarning: Trying to unpickle estimator StandardScaler from version 1.2.2 when using version 1.3.2
<p>I am trying to train a machine learning model which uses the <code>PowerTransformer</code> from <code>scikit-learn</code> to transform my training data. And here is my code:</p> <pre><code>from sklearn import preprocessing from sklearn.preprocessing import PowerTransformer yj = PowerTransformer(method='yeo-johnson'...
<python><scikit-learn>
2024-09-16 08:00:37
1
449
Apook
78,989,286
10,415,129
How to pass config options to plotly in Shiny for Python?
<p>How do I configure a <code>plotly</code> graph in shiny for Python?</p> <p>Consider the following minimal shiny example.</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>from shiny import ui, App from shinywidgets import output_widget, render_widget import plotly.express as px import plotly.graph_objects as go ...
<python><plotly><py-shiny>
2024-09-16 07:59:44
1
351
Escalen
78,989,228
2,864,143
Python import from parent directory not working
<p>I have the following code structure:</p> <pre><code>root_package/common.py - common package code imported from different submodules, tests etc. root_package/core - core package functionality root_package/test/test.py - tests for core </code></pre> <p>I have read the <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/module...
<python><python-3.x>
2024-09-16 07:38:18
1
960
Student4K
78,989,207
315,182
Why is Python httpx.get or requests.get much slower than cURL for this API?
<p>For a home automation project I am trying to pull train delay data. <a href="https://v6.db.transport.rest/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">An API wrapper exists</a>, with cURL examples. These work fine, but both Python's <code>requests.get</code> and <code>httpx.get</code> are slow to pull data (up to a minute for <code>...
<python><rest><curl><python-requests><httpx>
2024-09-16 07:28:06
1
898
0xDEADBEEF
78,989,006
20,793,070
aiogram 3 suddenly started giving an error
<p>I created the bot using aiogram 3.4.1 and it worked well. I left the project for two months and returned to it recently. When calling any menu, the bot gives an error:</p> <pre><code>aiogram.exceptions.TelegramBadRequest: Telegram server says - Bad Request: can't parse entities: Unsupported start tag &quot;&quot; at...
<python><aiogram>
2024-09-16 06:17:17
1
433
Jahspear
78,988,545
5,937,757
`schemachange`, snowflake and oauth authentication in GitHub action
<p>I have been trying to use Oauth Authentication of <a href="https://github.com/Snowflake-Labs/schemachange?tab=readme-ov-file#oauth-authentication" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><code>schemachange</code></a> in my github action pipeline; however, I get the following error message</p> <pre><code>Traceback (most recent cal...
<python><git><snowflake-cloud-data-platform><schemachange>
2024-09-15 23:42:48
0
423
mas
78,988,527
5,775,965
PyO3 pass mutable rust struct between Rust and Python callbacks
<p>I am trying to use Python as a scripting engine for my Rust project. I have some Rust code which calls a Python function which in turn should call some Rust functions. The problem is that there is mutable state that I need to keep track of in Rust-land.</p> <p>The way I have it set up right now is that <code>Descrip...
<python><rust><ffi><borrow-checker><pyo3>
2024-09-15 23:22:48
0
1,159
genghiskhan
78,988,482
7,495,123
Custom authorization restriction in django view
<p>I have an app. The app has users, posts, comments to post etc(it's kinda blog). The task is to limit users from editing objects, that do not belong to the user. Like User can not edit posts made by another one(or comments). I want to write a decorator for it in order to authorize user's actions. So i did, but now i ...
<python><django><decorator>
2024-09-15 22:40:37
1
1,137
chydik
78,988,417
13,498,838
Why is await queue.get() Blocking and Causing My Async Consumers to Hang?
<p>I’m having trouble with an asynchronous queue. Specifically, the <code>await queue.get()</code> seems to block the rest of my application, causing it to hang.</p> <p>I came across a similar issue discussed here: <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/56377402/why-is-asyncio-queue-await-get-blocking">Why is asy...
<python><asynchronous><queue><python-asyncio><fastapi>
2024-09-15 21:50:57
1
1,454
jda5
78,988,304
298,607
Split on regex (more than a character, maybe variable width) and keep the separator like GNU awk
<p>In GNU awk, there is a four argument version of <a href="https://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/html_node/String-Functions.html#index-split_0028_0029-function" rel="noreferrer">split</a> that can optionally keep all the separators from the split in a second array. This is useful if you <a href="https://stackoverfl...
<python><regex><ruby><algorithm><split>
2024-09-15 20:32:14
2
104,598
dawg
78,988,186
3,163,618
Function memoization, passing around precomputed values
<p>I have a function like this in my library, which depends on a large subset of the inputs being pre-calculated:</p> <pre><code>@cache def f(n, precompute): if n &lt; len(precompute): return precompute[n] # recursive calculations, which are memoized on return return some_compute(f(n-1, precompute...
<python><memoization><functools><function-attributes>
2024-09-15 19:26:25
0
11,524
qwr
78,988,118
4,875,641
Python Multiprocessing - losing command prompt window
<p>I am running the following Python program to start a few processes to run simultaneously. Each process will run for several seconds. This is being started from a command prompt. But if I interrupt the execution (ctl-C) I often get a console message 'keyboard interrupt' along with a long traceback and the command pro...
<python><multiprocessing><python-multiprocessing>
2024-09-15 18:46:04
3
377
Jay Mosk
78,988,099
14,022,262
Increase speed of two for loops in Python
<p>I have a double for loop in a Python code. I want to increase the execution speed, but the matrix is built using data from the previous row and column. How can I achieve this?</p> <pre><code>import numpy as np num_rows, num_cols = 100, 5 matrix = np.zeros((num_rows, num_cols)) matrix[0, :] = np.random.rand(num_co...
<python><for-loop>
2024-09-15 18:36:29
4
531
Vinicius B. de S. Moreira
78,988,010
17,729,094
Explode multiple columns with different lengths
<p>I have a dataframe like:</p> <pre><code>data = { &quot;a&quot;: [[1], [2], [3, 4], [5, 6, 7]], &quot;b&quot;: [[], [8], [9, 10], [11, 12]], } df = pl.DataFrame(data) &quot;&quot;&quot; β”Œβ”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”¬β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β” β”‚ a ┆ b β”‚ β”‚ --- ┆ --- β”‚ β”‚ list[i64] ┆ list[i64] β”‚ β•žβ•β•β•β•β•β•β•β•β•β•β•β•ͺ═══════...
<python><dataframe><python-polars>
2024-09-15 17:45:39
2
954
DJDuque
78,987,980
67,579
How do calls of models.Manager and custom managers work?
<p>The following question was <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/q/78833708/67579">asked by a different user</a> that subsequently removed the question. But I think it is useful to &quot;dig&quot; a bit in how Django's manager logic works.</p> <blockquote> <p>I extended the <code>models.Manager</code> class and created...
<python><django><django-managers>
2024-09-15 17:31:49
1
481,621
willeM_ Van Onsem
78,987,882
10,430,394
Is pathlib.Path.read_text() better than _io.TextIOWrapper.read()?
<p>I've recently discovered that <code>pathlib</code> offers some methods for dealing with file paths. When looking through the list of methods, <code>.read_text()</code> caught my attention. It implied that I could keep an object of type <code>Path</code> that stores a bunch of useful info in one neat package as well ...
<python><pathlib>
2024-09-15 16:53:47
1
534
J.Doe
78,987,822
4,875,641
Python Multiprocessing - is it creating two threads per process
<p>This program starts two processes. It appears that there may actually be two threads created for each process. One, which is the mainline code of the spawned python program and the other being the execution of the function that was called to start the process. The program output shows that both the mainline of the ...
<python><multiprocessing><python-multiprocessing>
2024-09-15 16:21:40
1
377
Jay Mosk
78,987,693
11,747,861
polars: how to find out the number of columns in a polars expression?
<p>I'm building a package on top of Polars, and one of the functions looks like this</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>def func(x: IntoExpr, y: IntoExpr): ... </code></pre> <p>The business logic requires that x can include multiple columns, but y must be a single column.</p> <p>What should I do to ...
<python><python-polars>
2024-09-15 15:11:09
2
2,757
Mark Wang
78,987,685
2,754,510
Abnormal interpolating spline with odd number of points
<p>I have implemented a cubic B-Spline interpolation, not approximation, as follows:</p> <pre><code>import numpy as np import math from geomdl import knotvector def cox_de_boor( d_, t_, k_, knots_): if (d_ == 0): if ( knots_[k_] &lt;= t_ &lt;= knots_[k_+1]): return 1.0 return 0.0 ...
<python><numpy><interpolation><spline>
2024-09-15 15:06:49
1
3,276
Constantinos Glynos
78,987,427
3,565,923
Mocking pytest test with @patch unittest.mock decorator
<p><strong>Issue with Mocking <code>send_request()</code> in Unit Tests</strong></p> <p>I'm having trouble with mocking the <code>send_request()</code> function in my tests. Despite using <code>patch</code>, the original <code>send_request()</code> function is being called, and the mock isn't applied. Here's the releva...
<python><mocking><python-unittest><patch>
2024-09-15 12:56:27
1
350
user3565923
78,987,084
14,517,452
How to use ctypes.memmove on memoryview objects in regular python
<p>First let me state the context for this issue. I'm using PySide6 to capture the screen, and I want to intercept the video feed and perform some image processing on the frames using opencv. I am able to collect a QVideoFrame, convert to QImage, then convert that to a numpy array and do my image processing. However, I...
<python><ctypes><pyside6>
2024-09-15 09:55:00
1
748
Edward Spencer
78,986,977
12,415,855
How can I close and open a new window?
<p>I try to close and open a windows using PyQt5 and the following code:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>import PyQt5.QtWidgets as qtw from PyQt5 import uic import sys import os class Window2(qtw.QMainWindow): def __init__(self): super().__init__() uic.loadUi(&quot;window2.ui&quot;,self) ...
<python><pyqt5>
2024-09-15 09:05:17
1
1,515
Rapid1898
78,986,910
4,466,240
FastAPI endpoint does not generate swagger doc for body parameter created without using Model
<p>I have an API endpoint in FastAPI wherein I'm <strong>not</strong> using Models to access request body. I'm instead using the built-in type <code>Body</code> with a description.</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>@vault_router('/secret') def get_secret( token: Annotated[str, Header(description=&...
<python><model><fastapi><pydantic>
2024-09-15 08:20:46
1
724
Ritik Saxena
78,986,801
14,472,571
ImportError: cannot import name 'Iterator' from 'typing_extensions' (/databricks/python/lib/python3.10/site-packages/typing_extensions.py)
<p>I'm facing the following issue on Azure Databricks when trying to import <code>from openai import OpenAI</code> after installing <code>openai</code>.</p> <p>Here's the error:</p> <pre><code>ImportError: cannot import name 'Iterator' from 'typing_extensions' (/databricks/python/lib/python3.10/site-packages/typing_ext...
<python><databricks><azure-databricks><openai-api>
2024-09-15 07:06:46
1
2,778
The Singularity
78,986,747
17,889,492
Sympy solve solutions missing
<p>Sympy's <code>solve</code> method doesn't return all solutions on this relatively simple problem:</p> <pre><code>import sympy as sp y1, y2, x = sp.symbols('y1 y2 x') y1 = x**2 y2 = x sp.solve(y1, y2, dict = True) </code></pre> <p>This returns <code>[{x: 0}]</code> but there should be an <code>x=1</code> solution a...
<python><sympy><symbolic-math>
2024-09-15 06:27:50
2
526
R Walser
78,986,621
9,855,588
pydantic collect all failed validations from field_validator
<p>Here a few field validators using Pydantic v2, but the behavior I'm experiencing is that the <code>field_validator</code> will return an error immediately instead of running all field validations and returning all field errors with the record being validated. This is probably expected, but I'm wondering if it's poss...
<python><python-3.x><pydantic-v2>
2024-09-15 04:24:31
1
3,221
dataviews
78,986,437
4,529,605
Add variable "monthly" increments to a datetime column in pandas using another column
<p>I have the following dataset and I simply want to add the monthly increments (from a column within the dataframe) to my date column (another column in my dataframe).</p> <pre><code>index monthly_increment date 0 1 2018-12-01 1 2 2018-10-01 2 3 2018-1...
<python><pandas><date-manipulation>
2024-09-15 01:14:11
2
405
Gobryas
78,986,411
3,855,264
How to diagnose a serial communication crash that happens randomly and very seldom?
<p>I'm connecting to a Lakeshore 336 Temperature controller from Linux Mint via pyserial. My app works relatively well and has operated for months at a time without error. However, it sometimes happen that the device in question stops responding generating the following error message:</p> <p><em>device reports readines...
<python><mutex><pyserial>
2024-09-15 00:45:55
0
308
Alexis R Devitre
78,986,341
6,618,225
VLOOKUP in Python Pandas
<p>A question that has been asked similarly a million times but I cannot find the correct answer that applies to my case. I have two excel files that I want to join like an Excel VLOOKUP.</p> <p>File A already has the columns already created and they are <strong>partially</strong> filled (or empty). There is one column...
<python><pandas>
2024-09-14 23:28:49
2
357
Kai
78,986,294
14,250,641
Accurately Compute Overlapping and Non-Overlapping Genomic Intervals Across Two DataFrames in Python
<p>I want the <em>exact</em> intervals of DF1 that overlap with DF2. Also, I want the intervals that do not overlap with DF2. This is tricky because you must include A) the DF1 rows that are not overlapping at all B) the DF1 rows that overlap partially.</p> <p>You can see in the first row of DF1 and DF2, there is overl...
<python><pandas><dataframe><bioinformatics><pyranges>
2024-09-14 22:42:36
1
514
youtube
78,985,935
1,479,670
python calling executable with popen;, file written by executable can not be accessed
<p>I have a C++ file</p> <pre><code>#include &lt;cstdio&gt; int main(int iArgC, char *apArgV[]) { int iResult = -1; if (iArgC &gt; 1) { FILE *fOut = fopen(apArgV[1], &quot;wt&quot;); if (fOut != NULL) { fprintf(fOut, &quot;hello\n&quot;); fprintf(fOut, &quot;goodbye\n&qu...
<python><subprocess>
2024-09-14 19:03:29
1
1,355
user1479670
78,985,781
15,662,114
How to fix this python import shadowing problem?
<h2>Problem Overview</h2> <p>I'm facing an import shadowing problem with a python 3.12 project that uses google protobuf.</p> <p>Below is the structure of my project.</p> <pre class="lang-none prettyprint-override"><code>Project β”œβ”€β”€ proto (generated by protoc) β”‚ β”œβ”€β”€ google β”‚ β”‚ └── api β”‚ β”‚ └── ... β”‚ └── ...
<python><protocol-buffers>
2024-09-14 17:48:03
1
646
dw218192
78,985,764
9,381,966
How to access checkout session metadata in Stripe webhook for payment methods in subscription mode
<p>I'm integrating Stripe Checkout in a Django application and handling webhooks to update user information based on payment events. However, I'm encountering issues accessing metadata associated with a <code>Checkout Session</code> when dealing with <code>payment_method</code> objects.</p> <h3>Context:</h3> <p>I have ...
<python><django><stripe-payments>
2024-09-14 17:38:43
1
1,590
Lucas
78,985,516
3,801,449
How to automatically download or warn about a non-PyPi dependency of a Python package?
<p>I have a Python package, which is distributed on PyPi. It depends on number of other packages available on PyPi and on <a href="https://psicode.org/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Psi4</a>, which is only distributed on Conda repositories (<a href="https://anaconda.org/psi4/psi4" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://anacond...
<python><pypi><python-packaging><hatch>
2024-09-14 15:41:21
1
3,007
Eenoku
78,984,852
8,179,672
Renumerate a column in a group
<p>I'm looking for a scalable way to re-numerate groups (in my case cluster number) in a column. Below the current state with Pandas schema.</p> <pre><code>data = [ [&quot;Adam&quot;, 1, 22], [&quot;Eddy&quot;, 0, 22], [&quot;Boby&quot;, 9, 22], [&quot;Timy&quot;, 2, 26], [&quot;Carl&quot;, 9, 26], ...
<python><pandas><dataframe>
2024-09-14 10:07:03
2
739
Roberto
78,984,714
6,345,936
How to use asyncio gather with sqlalchemy session in FastAPI and the workaround
<p>I am trying to make an asynchronous call using asyncio gather to call multiple database query. I am getting error</p> <pre><code>sqlalchemy.exc.IllegalStateChangeError: Method 'close()' can't be called here; method '_connection_for_bind()' is already in progress and this would cause an unexpected state change to &lt...
<python><sqlalchemy><python-asyncio>
2024-09-14 09:01:03
1
695
kusiaga
78,984,536
1,388,799
Why does this tkinter image animation not delay properly?
<p>Here's my attempt, modified from another post, to create a <em>minimal</em> loop where I create a numpy array and display it. (For convenience I have a Start button.)</p> <p>It works fine, with one exception -- it runs at full speed, regardless of what delay I put in as the first argument to self.after (it's 1000 in...
<python><numpy><tkinter>
2024-09-14 07:30:55
1
359
Walt Donovan
78,984,405
7,516,523
Find duplicate "group of rows" in pandas DataFrame
<p>How can I find duplicates of a group of rows inside of a DataFrame? Or in other words, how can I find the indices of a specific duplicated DataFrame inside of a larger DataFrame?</p> <p>The larger DataFrame:</p> <div class="s-table-container"><table class="s-table"> <thead> <tr> <th>index</th> <th>0</th> <th>1</th> ...
<python><pandas><dataframe><indexing><duplicates>
2024-09-14 05:59:47
3
345
Florent H
78,984,342
14,250,641
Find non-overlapping intervals within DNA coordinates
<p>I am trying to find the non-overlapping intervals for the start/end DNA coordinates (on the same chromosome). I am having a hard time developing a function that takes into account two rows on the same exon. The non-overlapping interval must be unique (not overlap with any other intervals).</p> <p>For ex, on the firs...
<python><pandas><dataframe><bioinformatics>
2024-09-14 05:01:47
2
514
youtube
78,984,299
11,141,816
How to run an interactive Julia session in python without using the python's julia library?
<p>I want to use python to send command to julia and then get string output as the return and then send the command again. i.e. <code>x=2</code> and then <code>x+1</code> return <code>3</code>. This required an interactive session through subprocess. I tried the <code>subprocess.Popen([&quot;julia&quot;, &quot;-e&quot;...
<python><julia><subprocess><interactive>
2024-09-14 04:27:11
0
593
ShoutOutAndCalculate
78,984,259
2,210,825
Consens sequence of list of strings as multiple sequence alignment?
<p>I'm working on a program whose goal is to make a playlist that &quot;flows&quot; nicely. To do this, I obtain for each song a list of the genres it belongs to from Spotify. I've assumed that the order of this list heuristically goes from &quot;bigger&quot; genres to &quot;nicher&quot; genres. Effectively, my data st...
<python><bioinformatics><spotify><sequence-alignment>
2024-09-14 03:58:52
1
1,458
donkey
78,984,164
11,573,887
Accessing BigQuery Dataset from a Different GCP Project Using PySpark on Dataproc
<p>I am working with BigQuery, Dataproc, Workflows, and Cloud Storage in Google Cloud using Python.</p> <p>I have two GCP projects:</p> <ul> <li><p><strong>gcp-project1:</strong> contains the BigQuery dataset <strong>gcp-project1.my_dataset.my_table</strong></p> </li> <li><p><strong>gcp-project2:</strong> contains my <...
<python><apache-spark><google-bigquery><google-cloud-dataproc>
2024-09-14 02:28:55
1
386
Henry Xiloj Herrera
78,983,916
4,921,103
Implementing Discriminated Unions in Pydantic without using Nested Models?
<p>I'm trying to implement discriminated unions in Pydantic to select the correct class based on user input using the <code>discriminator</code> parameter. While the <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/unions/#discriminated-unions-with-str-discriminators" rel="nofollow noreferrer">documentation</a> sugge...
<python><pydantic>
2024-09-13 22:34:18
1
48,014
Rahul Gupta
78,983,898
856,804
how to fix `"Series[Any]" not callable [operator]` mypy error
<p>For the code below</p> <pre><code>import pandas as pd df_data = pd.DataFrame( [ {&quot;a&quot;: 2, &quot;b&quot;: 1}, {&quot;a&quot;: 2, &quot;b&quot;: 10}, {&quot;a&quot;: 3, &quot;b&quot;: 77}, ] ) df_data.groupby(&quot;a&quot;).size().to_frame(&quot;size&quot;) </code></pre> <p>...
<python><pandas><python-typing><mypy>
2024-09-13 22:22:17
0
9,110
zyxue
78,983,868
17,729,094
Keep only rows that have at least one null
<p>I am trying to do basically the opposite of <code>drop_nulls()</code>. I want to keep all rows that have at least one null.</p> <p>I want to do something like (but I don't want to list all other columns):</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>for (name,) in ( df.filter( pl.col(&quot;a&quot;...
<python><dataframe><python-polars>
2024-09-13 22:07:20
1
954
DJDuque
78,983,752
367,181
Internationalization on the server side (changing languages dynaimcally mutliple times per second with gettext)
<p>I am working on a websocket server in python (FastAPI) which will work with multiple connected clients over websockets. The server is exchanging JSON messages with the clients. Some of the JSONs outputted by the server are UI-related i.e. they may include text messages which are then shown to the user in the client ...
<python><internationalization><client-server><gettext>
2024-09-13 21:06:30
0
6,332
PawelRoman
78,983,656
20,302,906
Unittest can't find imported module in imported module
<p>Unittest modules import issue</p> <p>My project folder structure goes like this:</p> <pre><code>project/ __init__.py (empty) tests/ __init__.py (empty) tests.py src/ __init__.py a.py b.py c.py </code></pre> <p><em>tests/tests.py</em></p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><...
<python><python-unittest>
2024-09-13 20:25:54
1
367
wavesinaroom
78,983,396
4,444,757
TypeError: MetaTrader5.initialize() missing 1 required positional argument: 'self' only in linux not in windows
<p>I have seen the following posts (<a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17534345/why-do-i-get-typeerror-missing-1-required-positional-argument-self">-</a> <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/75362227/missing-1-required-positional-argument-self">-</a> <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17534...
<python><linux><metatrader5>
2024-09-13 18:43:45
0
1,290
Sadabadi
78,983,184
5,560,898
Selenium Invalid Selector Exception
<p>I am trying to click a button on a page.</p> <pre class="lang-html prettyprint-override"><code>&lt;div class=&quot;button mt-8 text-center md:mt-12 lg:mt-16&quot;&gt; &lt;button class=&quot;cmp-button spacing-t-none spacing-b-none min-w-[12rem] justify-center bg-beige-200 text-black&quot; type=&quot;button&quot...
<python><selenium-webdriver>
2024-09-13 17:25:41
1
3,572
Chicken Sandwich No Pickles
78,983,171
11,244,991
How to use cloud functions to create a document in Firebase Cloud Storage
<p>I have created a Python cloud function to create a new document in Cloud Storage. It works well with firebase emulators:start, but I get an error when trying to call it from my application:</p> <blockquote> <p>cloud-function.ts:20 Error executing cloud function upload_html_page FirebaseError: unauthenticated</p> </b...
<javascript><python><typescript><firebase><google-cloud-functions>
2024-09-13 17:23:38
1
801
Kantine
78,983,089
12,904,419
Install `venv` without sudo access
<p>I am in a Ubuntu 22.04 cluster with <code>Python==3.11</code> and <code>pip==24.2</code> and no sudo access. When I try to create a virtual environment <code>python3 -m venv .env</code> I get:</p> <pre class="lang-none prettyprint-override"><code>The virtual environment was not created successfully because ensurepip...
<python><python-venv>
2024-09-13 16:55:01
1
962
ABarrier
78,983,053
6,843,153
Create pydantic computed 2.0 computed_field like field on pydatinc 1.10
<p>I am using <strong>Pydantic 1.10</strong> and I want to define computed fields in my model so I researched and found <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/2.0/usage/computed_fields/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">this do</a>c about <strong>Pydantic 2.0</strong> about computed_field decorator. The problem is that I can't fi...
<python><pydantic>
2024-09-13 16:44:47
1
5,505
HuLu ViCa
78,982,936
4,436,517
Why are marginals from scipy.linprog(method='highs') -0.?
<p>Please find code, output, and package versions below.</p> <p>I was under the impression that the <code>r.eqlin.marginals</code> array returned from <code>scipy.optimize.linprog</code> represents how much the cost function changes with respect to a small change in the equality constraints. In my example I have two eq...
<python><scipy><highs>
2024-09-13 16:10:48
0
1,159
rindis
78,982,732
7,253,901
Extracting data from two nested columns in one dataframe
<p>I have a pandas dataframe that contains transactions. A transaction is either booked as a payment, or a ledger_account_booking. A single transaction can have <em>multiple</em> payments and/or <em>multiple</em> ledger account bookings. Therefore, my columns <code>payments</code> and <code>ledger_account_bookings</cod...
<python><pandas><dataframe>
2024-09-13 15:10:42
2
2,825
Psychotechnopath
78,982,686
1,870,832
Filter polars dataframe on records where column values differ, catching nulls
<p><strong>Have:</strong></p> <pre><code>import polars as pl df = pl.DataFrame({'col1': [1,2,3], 'col2': [1, None, None]}) </code></pre> <p>in polars dataframes, those <code>None</code>s become <code>null</code>s:</p> <pre><code>&gt; df β”Œβ”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”¬β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β” β”‚ col1 ┆ col2 β”‚ β”‚ --- ┆ --- β”‚ β”‚ i64 ┆ i64 β”‚ β•žβ•β•β•β•β•β•β•ͺ══════║ β”‚ 1...
<python><dataframe><python-polars>
2024-09-13 14:57:35
2
9,136
Max Power
78,982,506
2,925,620
pyqtgraph: LegendItem offset returns false values regardless of position
<p>I have a Qt5 window with a pyqtgraph in a dynamic situation, i.e., plots, axes, curves can be added or modified. Also, the legend can be shown and hidden. Since the user can also drag the legend to a different place using the mouse, I would like to store its position and perhaps restore this position later. Setting ...
<python><pyqtgraph>
2024-09-13 14:10:01
1
357
emma
78,982,423
17,729,094
How to propagate `null` in a column after first occurrence?
<p>I have 2 data sets:</p> <p>The first one describes what I expect:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>expected = { &quot;name&quot;: [&quot;start&quot;, &quot;stop&quot;, &quot;start&quot;, &quot;stop&quot;, &quot;start&quot;, &quot;stop&quot;, &quot;start&quot;, &quot;stop&quot;], &quot;desc...
<python><dataframe><python-polars>
2024-09-13 13:50:20
1
954
DJDuque
78,982,236
12,485,858
Making Python script running in a shell terminal read stdin from another shell instance
<p>I have a python script which reads and input when provided and does something with the input (see process_input below):</p> <pre><code>import sys def process_input(input_data): # logic to process the input data print(f&quot;Processed input: {input_data}&quot;) return 1 # Return 1 to increment the counter ...
<python><shell><ipc>
2024-09-13 12:56:08
1
846
teoML
78,982,004
6,439,229
How to get stretch factor for QSpacerItems
<p>When you <code>addStretch()</code> or <code>insertStretch()</code> to a <code>QBoxLayout</code>, a <code>QSpacerItem</code> is added/inserted to the layout and you can set the stretch factor while doing so.</p> <p>Now I would like to retrieve that stretch factor from the SpacerItem but I can't find how to do so.<br ...
<python><spacing><pyqt6><qboxlayout>
2024-09-13 11:45:29
1
1,016
mahkitah
78,981,908
8,801,862
Application type API permission with Microsoft Graph API
<blockquote> <p>I want to create an app that will list all my emails in Outlook via Microsoft Graph API.</p> </blockquote> <p>What I did:</p> <p>1)</p> <ul> <li>Go to &quot;Microsoft Entra ID&quot; (former Active Directory)</li> <li>Head to &quot;App registrations&quot; -&gt; &quot;New registration&quot;</li> <li>Selec...
<python><json><web-scraping><outlook><microsoft-graph-api>
2024-09-13 11:15:48
1
401
user13
78,981,868
13,443,954
How to escape backslash loads from dotenv json variable python
<p>I have a dotenv variable saved into .env file (in json format). Example:</p> <pre><code>my_env_variable = '{&quot;ip&quot;: &quot;xx.xx.xxx.xxx&quot;, &quot;user&quot;: &quot;my\user&quot;, &quot;password&quot;: &quot;password&quot;}' </code></pre> <p>Reading this variable form my .py script (connection ...
<python><json><dotenv>
2024-09-13 11:03:48
2
333
M AndrΓ‘s
78,981,779
21,049,944
Multiple dataframe logs into one node using python bigtree
<p>I would like to use bigtree to transform my polars/pandas dataframe to a tree in the following way. My data looks something like this:</p> <pre><code>id, parrent, val1, val2 1, 0, ..., ... 1, 0, ..., ... 1, 0, ..., ... 2, 1, ..., ... 2, 1, ..., ... 3, 1, ..., ... 3, 1, ..., ... 3, 1, ..., ... 4, 2, ....
<python><pandas><dataframe><tree>
2024-09-13 10:37:22
1
388
Galedon
78,981,714
3,941,955
How can I apply one time pad on a sound waveform file, assuming a same size key is distributed on both sides?
<p>I am looking for a way to apply OTP on a sound waveform if possible. Some questions emerged before I ever started.</p> <p>Can I XOR a text file of the same size, with the waveform to produce a ciphertext that can be then xored back to the original sound, using the same text file? Is it as effective or is it better ...
<python><python-3.x><encryption><one-time-pad>
2024-09-13 10:20:00
0
466
George Eco
78,981,683
1,685,729
Error installing trottersuzuki package in venv. numpy not found error even though it is there
<p>It says numpy not installed even though it is installed. I thought may be the venv is not accessible to pip (which it should be, because numpy is installed inside the venv) and I installed it system wide using <code>sudo apt install python3-numpy</code> as you can see in the very last of the following snippet.</p> <...
<python><numpy><pip><package>
2024-09-13 10:12:32
2
727
vanangamudi
78,981,590
1,728,502
Azure Function with Blob Trigger Running with InputStream but not with BlobClient Parameter
<p>I'm trying to get a blob-triggered Azure Function to work. I got the samples to run, and am all set up with my local development AzureWebJobsStorage connection string set up to use Azurite. I am testing by adding a file using Azure Storage Explorer.</p> <p>This function triggers and my code is run:</p> <pre><code>...
<python><azure-functions><azure-blob-storage><azure-blob-trigger><azure-triggers>
2024-09-13 09:48:28
1
315
Rich
78,981,469
1,145,666
Can I create a method that returns a value, or yields data, based on a switch?
<p>I have this method:</p> <pre><code>def fetch_rows(connection, return_cursor = False): query = f&quot;&quot;&quot;SELECT ... &quot;&quot;&quot; cur = connection.cursor(cursor_factory=psycopg2.extras.RealDictCursor) cur.execute(query) if return_cursor: return cur else: info(f&quot;...
<python><generator>
2024-09-13 09:14:09
0
33,757
Bart Friederichs
78,981,438
4,718,423
unittest class init mock exception raised
<pre><code>#!/usr/bin/env python3 import unittest from unittest.mock import patch class User(object): def __init__(self): self.__name = None self.__authorised_users = [&quot;me&quot;, &quot;you&quot;] local_input = input(&quot;please provide your windows 8 character lower case login: &quot...
<python><unit-testing><patch>
2024-09-13 09:04:16
1
1,446
hewi
78,981,280
5,989,438
django after submit login info, does not lead to intended detail view page
<p>I don't know what to do here after a few days of trying different ideas. After I submit the the prop login email and password, the page does not do anything. It just says &quot;Invalid password&quot;. I am not sure my login view is connected to the <code>sqllite</code>. I am thinking my mistake is where the login ...
<python><django><authentication><view><django-views>
2024-09-13 08:23:30
1
309
fishtang
78,981,172
13,250,589
convert a polars.DataFrames of List[Struct[2]] to a dict of polars.DataFrame
<p>I have a single row <code>polars.DataFrame</code> <code>df</code> with schema</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>df.schema &gt;&gt;&gt; Schema([('S1', List(Struct({'S1': Float64, 'timestamp': Datetime(time_unit='us', time_zone=None)}))), ('S2', List(Struct({'S2': Float64, ...
<python><dataframe><python-polars>
2024-09-13 07:51:02
1
885
Hammad Ahmed
78,981,088
1,838,076
Is there a way to print incremental time instead of absolute time with Python logging
<p>When using Python logging, <code>asctime</code> is very handy in looking at the hotspots in code. However, I have to decode or post-process the log to show incremental time taken between each log message.</p> <pre><code>logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s') </cod...
<python><logging><python-logging>
2024-09-13 07:21:53
2
1,622
Krishna
78,981,052
1,125,062
Pytorch incorrect results with non_blocking assignment from Cuda to CPU
<p>I'm trying to assign a tensor on CPU with values I just obtained from GPU, however getting incorrect results, both tensors should be the same obviously:</p> <p>(To avoid any unnecessary chatter, I'd like to mention beforehand that I'm also aware of exactly <em><strong>two</strong></em> other different methods of cop...
<python><python-3.x><pytorch><nonblocking>
2024-09-13 07:10:08
2
4,641
Anonymous