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78,838,719
12,724,648
Get driver to update after page click in selenium
<p>I'm trying to build a simple webscraper. I want it to work by inputting a value into a webpage, clicking enter and then scraping the new page after the it loads.</p> <p>So far initially loading up the webpage, inputting the value and clicking enter works but the driver does not seem to update when the new page loads...
<python><selenium-webdriver><selenium-firefoxdriver>
2024-08-06 11:16:41
2
325
KGreen
78,838,529
1,942,868
It becomes array when sending Django nested dict to API
<p>I sent the dict data with this in Python:</p> <pre><code> data = { &quot;test&quot;:{ &quot;A&quot;:&quot;Adata&quot;, &quot;B&quot;:&quot;Bdata&quot;, &quot;C&quot;:&quot;Cdata&quot; } } response = self.client.post(&quot;/api_patch/&quot;,dat...
<python><django>
2024-08-06 10:29:34
1
12,599
whitebear
78,838,421
4,892,210
Ollama with RAG for local utilization to chat with pdf
<p>I am trying to build ollama usage by using RAG for chatting with pdf on my local machine. I followed this GitHub repo: <a href="https://github.com/tonykipkemboi/ollama_pdf_rag/tree/main" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://github.com/tonykipkemboi/ollama_pdf_rag/tree/main</a> The issue is when I am running code, there...
<python><large-language-model><python-embedding><ollama><rag>
2024-08-06 10:02:03
1
321
NIrbhay Mathur
78,838,219
7,699,037
Regex pattern match until the next occurence of the pattern
<p>I'm trying to split a string using a regex pattern and including everything in between (could also be nothing) until the next occurrence of the pattern. However, the &quot;everything in between&quot; is matched with the next occurrence. So for example I have the following string:</p> <pre><code>content = &quot;&quot...
<python><regex>
2024-08-06 09:15:41
1
2,908
Mike van Dyke
78,838,209
22,963,183
Error When Using unstructured to Partition PDF Files
<p>I'm trying to use the <strong>unstructured</strong>, <strong>unstructured[pdf]</strong> library in <strong>Python</strong> to partition a .pdf file, but I'm encountering an error that I can't seem to resolve. The pdf file contains text, table, image,...</p> <p>Here's a brief overview of what I'm doing:</p> <pre clas...
<python><python-3.x><large-language-model><rag>
2024-08-06 09:14:06
1
515
happy
78,837,922
11,067,209
Multiheritance preferences on python classes does not take proper super()
<p>Good morning everyone. I am creating Mixin classes in a project to simplify the overall logic of a class diagram, for which I am using multiherences. However, the issue of multi-inheritance preferences is not very clear to me, or at least it is not clear to me how to avoid what is happening to me. Here is the simpli...
<python><oop>
2024-08-06 08:06:57
1
665
Angelo
78,837,870
1,216,635
Prometheus metrics in Sanic
<p>I'm trying to add metrics to my Sanic app. Prometheus provides Python client running as ASGI app - <a href="https://prometheus.github.io/client_python/exporting/http/asgi/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://prometheus.github.io/client_python/exporting/http/asgi/</a> .</p> <p>The question is how to run 2 ASGI apps at...
<python><prometheus><metrics><asgi><sanic>
2024-08-06 07:58:09
1
2,077
tulsluper
78,837,861
14,132
Automatic use of aliases for relationships
<p>I have a schema that includes, among other things, self-joins and many-to-many relationships, like this:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>from typing import List, Optional from sqlalchemy import create_engine from sqlalchemy.orm import ( aliased, DeclarativeBase, Session, Mapped, ...
<python><sqlalchemy><alias>
2024-08-06 07:55:55
1
12,742
moritz
78,837,838
4,772,565
How to test calls of a mocked dataclass in Python?
<p>I want to write a unit test to a function which instantiates a dataclass twice followed by calling its method. However, the actual calls of the instantiation includes the calling of the method. This is confusing to me.</p> <p><code>person.py</code>:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>from dataclasse...
<python><python-unittest><python-dataclasses><python-mock>
2024-08-06 07:50:44
2
539
aura
78,837,775
678,861
Cast variable to right type automatically in Python
<p>Is there a way in Python to implement type-casting that automatically chooses the right type?</p> <p>Say you have a class:</p> <pre><code>class Foo: foo: list[int] def __init__(self): self.foo = cast(list[int], api.get()) </code></pre> <p>You know that <code>api.get()</code> always returns <code>lis...
<python><casting><python-typing>
2024-08-06 07:37:07
2
957
Dawn Drescher
78,837,463
14,250,641
HuggingFace: Efficient Large-Scale Embedding Extraction for DNA Sequences Using Transformers
<p>I have a very large dataframe (60+ million rows) that I would like to use a transformer model to grab the embeddings for these rows (DNA sequences). Basically, this involves tokenizing first, then I can get the embeddings. Because of RAM limits, I have found that tokenizing and then embedding all in one py file won'...
<python><huggingface-transformers><huggingface><huggingface-tokenizers><huggingface-datasets>
2024-08-06 06:09:24
0
514
youtube
78,837,003
6,030,951
VSCode Pylance Errors on FastAPI Response Type that Converts
<p>I'm using VSCode and the default Python Language Support extension from MS, whcih lints with Pylance. I have a Python 3.12 FastAPI project which uses type annotations to indicate which models should be returned as responses from the handlers using the pattern suggested by the FastAPI docs (<a href="https://fastapi.t...
<python><fastapi><pydantic><pyright><sqlmodel>
2024-08-06 02:27:04
0
2,021
Dave
78,836,989
5,029,509
TensorFlow for Differential Privacy
<p>I am testing an example code from the <strong>TensorFlow</strong> website using <strong>Jupyter Notebook</strong>. You can find the code at the following link:</p> <p><a href="https://www.tensorflow.org/responsible_ai/privacy/tutorials/classification_privacy" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://www.tensorflow.org/resp...
<python><tensorflow><machine-learning><privacy>
2024-08-06 02:18:31
0
726
Questioner
78,836,766
4,171,481
Is there a way to enforce the number of members an enum is allowed to have?
<p>Making an enum with exactly <em>n</em> many members is trivial if I've defined it myself:</p> <pre><code>class Compass(enum.Enum): NORTH = enum.auto() EAST = enum.auto() SOUTH = enum.auto() WEST = enum.auto() ## or ## Coin = enum.Enum('Coin', 'HEADS TAILS') </code></pre> <p>But what if this enum wi...
<python><enums>
2024-08-05 23:47:52
2
542
ibonyun
78,836,542
18,050,861
How to set the start date of the workweek for a month using Python?
<p>I have a database with a date column in the following format:</p> <p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/WiUzvBXw.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/WiUzvBXw.png" alt="data" /></a></p> <p>However, I need to work with this database so that it can be recognized as a time series. In this case, th...
<python><dataframe><datetime><time-series>
2024-08-05 21:44:43
2
375
User8563
78,836,505
678,572
How to evaluate nested boolean/logical expressions in Python?
<p>I'm working on a complex rule parser that has the following properties:</p> <ul> <li>A space character separates rules</li> <li>A &quot;+&quot; character indicates an &quot;AND&quot; operator</li> <li>A &quot;,&quot; character indicates an &quot;OR&quot; operator</li> <li>A &quot;-&quot; indicates an optional elemen...
<python><parsing><boolean><boolean-logic><evaluate>
2024-08-05 21:30:15
4
30,977
O.rka
78,836,482
3,103,957
Path parameter type in Python's FastAPI
<p>In Python FastAPI, while associating path parameter with type, can we use only use path type (to mention a file path)?</p> <p>For example, the below is accepted and works fine:</p> <pre><code>@api.get(&quot;/{a:path}&quot;) def get(a): return &quot;Hello&quot; </code></pre> <p>Does it not accept any other type ?...
<python><fastapi><starlette><path-parameter>
2024-08-05 21:21:35
3
878
user3103957
78,836,438
10,997,667
QFiledDialog setFileMode(Directory) with nameFilters
<p>In a python program using Qt I would like to be able to select a directory using <code>QtWidgets.QFileDialog()</code> with <code>Directory</code> mode of <code>setFileMode()</code> method, but also filter the contents of the selected directory using the <code>setNameFilter()</code> method. I'm currently using:</p> <...
<python><pyqt>
2024-08-05 21:04:59
0
787
osprey
78,836,273
14,617,547
HTTPConnectionPool(host='0.0.0.0', port=8000): Max retries exceeded with url: / (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3
<p>I wrote a FASTapi program that I used to run it with <code>ngrok</code> library to create external ports for it as I run it on Colab. Then I dockerized it without <code>ngrok</code> like this:</p> <pre><code>FROM python:3.10-slim RUN apt-get update &amp;&amp; apt-get install -y ffmpeg WORKDIR /app COPY . /app RU...
<python><docker><connection><google-colaboratory><fastapi>
2024-08-05 20:07:48
0
410
Beryl Amend
78,836,171
14,345,989
Periodic writes while reading large amount of data
<p>I have a large number of image files (~220,000) stored on a fast, local SSD. Using python and the <a href="https://pypi.org/project/tifffile/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">tifffile library</a> I read the images in as numpy arrays, which are then combined into a single array and saved to disk. Reading this combined arra...
<python><numpy><multiprocessing>
2024-08-05 19:35:46
1
886
Mandias
78,836,105
3,156,085
Why isn't the `pytest_addoption` hook run with the configured `testpaths`? (usage error)
<h1>Summary:</h1> <p>I'm trying to set up a custom pytest option with the <a href="https://docs.pytest.org/en/8.1.x/example/simple.html#pass-different-values-to-a-test-function-depending-on-command-line-options" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><code>pytest_addoption</code></a> feature.</p> <p>But when trying to configure my ...
<python><pytest>
2024-08-05 19:15:32
1
15,848
vmonteco
78,836,094
11,824,828
LangChain Chat History
<p>I am struggling with passing context to conversational rag chain when using RunnableWithMessageHistory.</p> <p>I have the following query function:</p> <pre><code>def query(query_text, prompt, session_id, metadata_context): # History retrieval test contextualize_q_prompt = ChatPromptTemplate.from_messages( [ ...
<python><langchain><large-language-model><rag>
2024-08-05 19:12:34
1
325
vloubes
78,836,067
3,183,808
SQLAlchemy - psycopg2.errors.InvalidSchemaName: no schema has been selected to create in
<p>I am connecting a FastAPI and SQLAlchemy app to a postgres deployment using kubernetes.</p> <p>I am specifying my connection string and schema as follows:</p> <pre><code>DB_URL = f&quot;postgresql+psycopg2://{POSTGRES_USER}:{POSTGRES_PASSWORD}@{DB}:5432/{DB_NAME}&quot; engine = create_engine(DB_URL, connect_args={&...
<python><postgresql><sqlalchemy><psycopg2>
2024-08-05 19:05:43
1
435
jm22b
78,835,929
13,971,251
Unable to find Chromium that works with Chrome
<p>My chrome is version Version 127.0.6533.89 64-bit. I downloaded the according chromedriver from [https://googlechromelabs.github.io/chrome-for-testing/#stable][1], which is version 127.0.6533.88 (mine is .89).</p> <p>When I run my program I get the following errors:</p> <pre><code>Traceback (most recent call last): ...
<python><selenium-webdriver><path>
2024-08-05 18:24:48
1
1,181
Kovy Jacob
78,835,812
10,145,953
ROC curve *without* a model estimator?
<p>I have created an AI Tool which extracts content from an image and then reviews that content for completeness and accuracy. I am trying to evaluate the performance of this tool and am gathering metrics to do so.</p> <p>I have a resulting table that looks similar to the below; the true values come from manual ground ...
<python><scikit-learn><classification><roc>
2024-08-05 17:53:18
2
883
carousallie
78,835,771
181,783
StopIterator seemingly raised prematurely by generator in nested for loop
<p>I expected the above generator to produce at least 16 values but for reasons beyond me a <code>StopIterator</code> is raised at the end of the innermost for loop.</p> <p>What am I doing wrong?</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; def generator(): ... counter = 0 ... upper_index = ...
<python><generator>
2024-08-05 17:43:43
1
5,905
Olumide
78,835,718
13,016,237
SQL case when in where condition
<p>I'm trying to conver SQL to Python, have added the sqlfiddle <a href="https://sqlfiddle.com/oracle/online-compiler?id=c38f55d2-6992-43fe-8ef5-484446c86794" rel="nofollow noreferrer">here</a></p> <p>This link has the input &amp; expected output along with SQL as below:</p> <pre><code>select a.id, b.country, a.person,...
<python><pandas><join>
2024-08-05 17:31:11
2
614
pc_pyr
78,835,509
9,363,181
Dynamically infer schema of JSON data using Pyspark
<p>I have a <code>MongoDB</code> server from which I load the data in a <code>PySpark</code> Dataframe. However, the problem is due to some differences between the systems(I also tried legacy data types) I can't load the data directly from <code>MongoDB</code>. So, I have to provide an external schema. Now, the problem...
<python><json><mongodb><pyspark>
2024-08-05 16:34:49
3
645
RushHour
78,835,397
7,985,055
how to extract dataframe values to form an array?
<p>I have an excel sheet, which I am trying to process with Python as part of an ETL process.</p> <p>I have an Excel sheet with a bunch of data in it. But the columns are not the first row on the Excel sheet, which is a dump of JIRA isssues.</p> <p>file.xlsb</p> <pre><code>time stamp row. Export x number of issue Pro...
<python><pandas><dataframe>
2024-08-05 16:11:13
2
525
Mr. E
78,835,286
14,358,734
seaborn countplot that only counts total number of data points below and above a threshold
<p>Here's my data structure:</p> <pre><code>betterTrue = [random.randint(0,1) for x in range(500)] betterFalse = [(x + 1) % 2 for x in betterTrue] data = { &quot;model&quot;: [&quot;A&quot; for x in range(500)] + [&quot;B&quot; for x in range(500)], &quot;safety&quot;: [random.randint(0,4) for x in range(1000)...
<python><seaborn>
2024-08-05 15:46:28
1
781
m. lekk
78,835,220
7,920,004
Ariflow Tasks in TaskGroup run out of order
<p>I'm using <code>Dynamic Task Mapping</code> feature with <code>Task Groups</code> to generate n number of tasks for my input list. DAG gets generated but at execution I'm seeing odd behaviour. <a href="https://i.sstatic.net/iDbTPLj8.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/iDbTPLj8.png" alt="en...
<python><airflow><mwaa>
2024-08-05 15:33:14
1
1,509
marcin2x4
78,835,219
243,755
Failed to install pandas due to error "pytz >= 2011k"
<p>I failed to install pandas due to the following error, what might be wrong? Thanks</p> <pre><code>Collecting pandas==0.23.4 Using cached pandas-0.23.4.tar.gz (10.5 MB) Installing build dependencies ... done Getting requirements to build wheel ... done Installing backend dependencies ... done Preparing meta...
<python><pandas>
2024-08-05 15:33:10
1
29,674
zjffdu
78,835,135
12,182,475
pyplot's contourf does not apply colors according to levels
<p>I am trying to plot some data with pyplot's <code>contourf</code> function. I want to define 9 levels, not linearly spaced. In my understanding each level should then receive its own color given that I use a colormap with 9 colors. I want values below and above the defined levels to be colored in the same color as t...
<python><matplotlib><colormap><contourf>
2024-08-05 15:13:00
1
415
Olmo
78,835,070
3,906,713
Jupyterlab widgets do not work, resulting in "Loading widgets..." text
<p>I have <code>Python=3.10.8</code>, <code>jupyterlab=4.2.4</code>, <code>jupyterlab_widgets=3.0.11</code>, <code>ipywidgets=8.1.3</code></p> <p>Importing basic ipywidgets</p> <pre><code>import ipywidgets as widgets slider = widgets.IntSlider(value=5, min=0, max=10, step=1) slider </code></pre> <p>results in <code>Loa...
<python><widget><jupyter-lab>
2024-08-05 14:57:03
0
908
Aleksejs Fomins
78,835,050
2,329,968
Multiple elements in set with the same hash
<p>I was reading through <a href="https://github.com/sympy/sympy/wiki/release-notes-for-1.13.0" rel="nofollow noreferrer">SymPy 1.13.0 release notes</a> when an entry caught my attention (emphasis mine):</p> <blockquote> <p>The hash function for <code>Floats</code> and expressions involving Float now respects the hash ...
<python><hash><set><sympy><hash-collision>
2024-08-05 14:51:21
3
13,725
Davide_sd
78,835,020
22,538,132
Camera calibration using OpenCV 4.10
<p>I have a ChArUco board and I do like to do intrinsic camera calibration using OpenCV 4.10, what I have tried is to mimic this <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/74975523/22538132">answer</a>:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>import os import cv2 import glob img_folder_path = f&quot;{os.getenv('...
<python><opencv><camera-calibration><aruco>
2024-08-05 14:45:12
1
304
bhomaidan90
78,834,627
23,260,297
Replace an empty value with nan in dataframe
<p>I have a dataframe with empty values in some rows like this:</p> <pre><code>ID Date Price Curr A Jan 21 (10,0) USD B Aug 8 (10,0) USD C Sep 29 (10,0) USD settle Aug 24 ( ,) </code></pre> <p>where the last row has 2 empty values in <code>Price</code> and <c...
<python><pandas>
2024-08-05 13:16:15
4
2,185
iBeMeltin
78,834,604
5,816,253
create a query with string variable using python gql and psycopg2
<p>Let's say Ia have the following string to be passed as query for an API call using python:</p> <pre><code>import psycopg2 from gql import Client, gql from gql.transport.requests import RequestsHTTPTransport from datetime import datetime start_year = str(datetime.now().year -4) end_year = str(datetime.now().year) q...
<python><gql>
2024-08-05 13:10:45
0
375
sylar_80
78,834,557
5,790,653
How to join the last two occurences of each ID in a list of dictionaries into one list
<p>I have a list like this:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>list1 = [ {'id': 'ABC', 'created_at': datetime.date(2024, 8, 1, 11, 22, 3)}, {'id': 'ABC', 'created_at': datetime.date(2024, 8, 2, 11, 22, 3)}, {'id': 'ABC', 'created_at': datetime.date(2024, 8, 3, 11, 22, 3)}, {'id': 'ABC',...
<python>
2024-08-05 13:00:00
2
4,175
Saeed
78,834,504
10,513,151
Spark Code Completion in Visual Studio Code
<p>I am trying to use Visual Studio Code for Spark development.</p> <p>My PySpark code all runs fine, but there is no code completion/hints.</p> <p>How can I add these features for VS Code?</p> <p>I have the Python and Pylance extensions installed.</p> <p>In PyCharm this all work perfectly as expected.</p>
<python><apache-spark><visual-studio-code><pyspark><vscode-extensions>
2024-08-05 12:47:05
2
671
Bob
78,834,503
10,517,777
How to manage changes in the configuration files of a python project
<p>I have the following folder structure in my python project:</p> <pre><code>main_folder/ |-- python_code_subfolder/ | |-- .git | |-- .venv | |-- tests/ | |-- test_code.py | |-- __init__.py | |-- code.py |-- config.json |-- headers.json |-- body.json </code></pre> <p>The folder &quot;<strong>python_co...
<python><git>
2024-08-05 12:46:50
0
364
sergioMoreno
78,834,447
9,542,989
Optimizing Record Parsing from DynamoDB PartiQL Query Execution via Python
<p>I am running PartiQL queries against my DynamoDB tables using <code>boto3</code> and I want to be able to parse these records into a tabular format (<code>pandas</code> DataFrame).</p> <p>This is what my code looks like:</p> <pre><code>import boto3 from boto3.dynamodb.types import TypeDeserializer import panads as p...
<python><amazon-dynamodb><boto3>
2024-08-05 12:28:42
1
2,115
Minura Punchihewa
78,834,232
1,191,068
Floating point precision loss in python numpy calculations
<p>I have a very strange situation: I calculate angle between two vectors in spherical coordinate system. First I calculate scalar product of two vectors. Calculation using <code>numpy</code> array gives result with relative precision 10^(-16), as it should be for 64-bit floating numbers. But then I call <code>acos</co...
<python><numpy><precision>
2024-08-05 11:35:06
0
1,109
John Smith
78,834,127
948,655
Define a class (e.g. dataclass or Pydantic BaseModel or TypedDict) whose fields are defined by a collection of strings
<p>Suppose I have a collection of strings defined as a <code>StrEnum</code>:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>class ValidNames(StrEnum): OLLY = auto() ADAM = auto() ANNA = auto() </code></pre> <p>I want to define a class, ideally with Pydantic (for type verification and conversion) that l...
<python><pydantic>
2024-08-05 11:07:44
2
8,813
Ray
78,834,040
12,285,101
"nbdev_export Fails When Notebook is Nested Inside a Subfolder within the nbs Folder"
<p>I have a repository where I’ve installed nbdev. Previously, on Linux, I was able to create subfolders inside the nbs directory and successfully run nbdev_export. However, now that I'm using Windows, I encounter an error when trying to use nbdev_export with notebooks inside subfolders. The error message is:</p> <bloc...
<python><jupyter-notebook><nbdev>
2024-08-05 10:42:12
0
1,592
Reut
78,834,030
1,485,926
VannaAI (with Ollama and ChromaDB) sample program fails at training model step
<p>I'm starting to test VannaAI, and I'm running a sample program based on <a href="https://github.com/vanna-ai/notebooks/blob/main/postgres-ollama-chromadb.ipynb" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Generating SQL for Postgres using Ollama, ChromaDB</a>:</p> <pre><code>from vanna.ollama import Ollama from vanna.chromadb import ...
<python><chromadb><ollama>
2024-08-05 10:40:24
1
12,442
fgalan
78,833,796
2,109,064
Reload module that is imported into __init__.py
<p><strong>What works:</strong> I have a package <code>version_info</code> in which I define a string <code>version_info</code>. When I increment <code>version_info.version_info</code>, the main code prints out the incremented value after the <code>reload</code>.</p> <p><strong>What doesn't work:</strong> When I increm...
<python>
2024-08-05 09:43:00
2
7,879
Michael
78,833,765
7,173,479
No matching distribution found for types-pkg-resources
<p>During a Python pre-commit run with the following steps:</p> <pre><code>... - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy rev: v1.4.1 hooks: - id: mypy additional_dependencies: [types-all] ... </code></pre> <p>The following error is presented:</p> <pre><code>Run poetry run pre-commit ru...
<python><github-actions><pre-commit-hook>
2024-08-05 09:34:01
1
869
George
78,833,741
7,577,930
In-place operation causes a memory leak. Why?
<p>I have the following piece of code:</p> <pre class="lang-python prettyprint-override"><code>eigvecs = torch.randn(n, b, dtype=eigval_approximations.dtype, device=eigval_approximations.device) eigvecs /= torch.linalg.norm(eigvecs, dim=0) for _ in range(iterations): eigvecs = torch.linalg.solve(mats - eigval_appr...
<python><pytorch><memory-leaks><out-of-memory><in-place>
2024-08-05 09:28:41
0
346
Moon
78,833,640
241,515
Pandas: group and sort entire dataframe basing on the value of two columns, preserving within-group order
<p>I have a pandas DataFrame like this:</p> <pre><code>sample closest_signature distance patient cluster correlation biopsy similarity n_biopsy 0 21506-A HU.1 0.416795 21506 HU.1 0.994611 A 2.399261 2.0 1 21506-B HU.1 0.340269 21506 HU.1 0.993852 B 2.938855 2.0 2 2150...
<python><pandas><dataframe>
2024-08-05 09:04:57
1
4,973
Einar
78,833,469
4,041,117
Pyplot animation not working properly when plt.pause() is used
<p>I'm trying to create a pyplot simulation using plt.pause() but I can't make even the simplest example work. This is the <a href="https://matplotlib.org/stable/gallery/animation/animation_demo.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">code</a>:</p> <pre><code>import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np np.random.seed(1...
<python><matplotlib><pause>
2024-08-05 08:24:26
1
481
carpediem
78,833,013
7,787,648
Could not interpret value ` ` for parameter `hue`
<p>I am trying to color a scatterplot by a categorical column. Here is a sample data, the column I want to color the scatterplot by is 'cat'.</p> <pre><code>data = { 'x': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10], 'y': [2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29], 'z': [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6], 'cat': ['A', 'A', 'B', 'B', 'A', '...
<python><pandas><seaborn>
2024-08-05 06:22:46
1
313
Jst2Wond3r
78,832,646
2,707,864
Abaqus scripting: Create a Set from a Face object
<p>I created in Abaqus v6.14 scripting an extruded Part <code>p</code> with <code>BaseSolidExtrude</code>, which is then a cylinder (not necessarily circular). I want to create three sets, one for the top and bottom surface, and one for the lateral surface. The first two are easy, with</p> <pre><code>faces = p.faces fa...
<python><scripting><mask><abaqus>
2024-08-05 03:36:12
2
15,820
sancho.s ReinstateMonicaCellio
78,832,496
4,710,409
Django- how to convert <class 'django.core.files.uploadedfile.InMemoryUploadedFile'> to an image?
<p>I have a form that uploads an image to my view; the uploaded image type is:</p> <pre><code>&lt;class 'django.core.files.uploadedfile.InMemoryUploadedFile'&gt; </code></pre> <p>I want to process the image though; thus I need it in PIL or CV2 format.</p> <p>How can I do that ?</p>
<python><django><forms><opencv><python-imaging-library>
2024-08-05 01:57:53
1
575
Mohammed Baashar
78,832,340
7,846,884
get an item of the output after applying str.split to a polars dataframe column
<p>how can i select last item of list in <code>paths</code> column after applying the str.split(&quot;/&quot;) function?</p> <pre><code>dataNpaths = pl.scan_csv(&quot;test_data/file*.csv&quot;, has_header=True, include_file_paths = &quot;paths&quot;).collect() dataNpaths.with_columns(pl.col(&quot;paths&quot;).str.split...
<python><string><python-polars>
2024-08-04 23:29:27
1
473
sahuno
78,832,077
875,317
Why is my string considered an Invalid Argument in Python?
<p>I am brand new to Python.</p> <p>I have this as the beginnings of my code which is to read and parse a google doc:</p> <pre><code>from pathlib import Path def retrieve_parse_and_print_doc(docURL): path = Path(docURL) contents = path.read_text() lines = contents.splitlines() for line in lines: ...
<python><windows><pathlib>
2024-08-04 20:39:58
1
10,717
B. Clay Shannon-B. Crow Raven
78,832,062
8,275,139
Least privilege principle to create files in a bucket
<p>I'm trying to grant a service account a limited set of permissions and allow it to create files on a specific bucket. Instead of creating a custom role, I thought on using the <code>roles/storage.objectCreator</code> predefined one on the bucket.</p> <p>After that, I run the following lines of code by impersonating ...
<python><google-cloud-storage>
2024-08-04 20:29:31
1
1,077
Luiscri
78,831,561
14,684,366
Printing subprocess stdout lines output
<p>I created a simple Python function:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>import subprocess from io import TextIOWrapper def run_shell_command(command: list, debug: bool = False): ''' Run shell command :param command: Shell command :param debug: Debug mode :return: Result code an...
<python><python-3.x><subprocess>
2024-08-04 16:16:04
1
591
Floren
78,831,547
22,987,224
Python - ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'swig'
<p>When trying to run the gymnasium package under Windows 11, Visual Studio Code, I get the following errors</p> <pre><code>PS C:\Users\[...]\Code\Gymnasium&gt; &amp; c:/Users/Thomas.koeppen/Code/Gymnasium/.venv/Scripts/python.exe c:/Users/Thomas.koeppen/Code/Gymnasium/main.py Traceback (most recent call last): File &q...
<python><swig><gymnasium>
2024-08-04 16:10:32
1
355
Mercutio1243
78,831,535
15,547,292
python metaclasses: editing the namespace after `__set_name__` methods have been called?
<p>Suppose we are defining a class with a metaclass. In the class body, objects are assigned that implement <code>__set_name__</code> to register themselves in a data structure of the class.</p> <p>Is it possible to edit the namespace <em>after</em> <code>__set_name__</code> methods have been run? Like, detach the fill...
<python><metaclass>
2024-08-04 16:05:09
2
2,520
mara004
78,831,454
8,543,025
Update spacing between Plotly subplots
<p>Is there a way to change the vertical/horizontal spacing between subplots in an existing figure? I couldn't find anything in the docs or user forum, and the following throws a <code>Bad property</code> error:</p> <pre><code>import numpy as np import plotly.graph_object as go from plotly.subplots import make_subplots...
<python><plotly><subplot>
2024-08-04 15:31:41
0
593
Jon Nir
78,831,453
6,357,916
No module named 'django' when debugging inside vscode even though django is installed
<p>I am trying to debug my django app inside docker container. I have specified following in my requirements file:</p> <p><strong>requirements.txt</strong></p> <pre><code>Django==3.2.5 psycopg2-binary==2.9.1 djangorestframework==3.12.4 django-rest-swagger==2.2.0 </code></pre> <p><strong>Dockerfile</strong></p> <pre><co...
<python><django><docker><visual-studio-code><docker-compose>
2024-08-04 15:31:24
1
3,029
MsA
78,831,434
16,869,946
New column in Pandas dataframe using least squares from scipy.optimize
<p>I have a Pandas dataframe that looks like the following:</p> <pre><code>Race_ID Date Student_ID feature1 1 1/1/2023 3 0.02167131 1 1/1/2023 4 0.17349148 1 1/1/2023 6 0.08438952 1 1/1/2023 ...
<python><pandas><dataframe><scipy><scipy-optimize>
2024-08-04 15:23:38
1
592
Ishigami
78,831,181
9,542,989
Migrating Stored Procedures Using Alembic
<p>I am using an Alembic project to migrate my database schema between my development and production servers.</p> <p>I am autogenerating my migration scripts by maintaining a <code>models.py</code> containing the SQLAlchemy models for my tables and then running the following command anytime an update is made to the sch...
<python><stored-procedures><sqlalchemy><database-migration><alembic>
2024-08-04 13:19:57
1
2,115
Minura Punchihewa
78,831,103
2,913,106
How to handle self-closing tags without end-slash in html.parser.HTMLParser
<p>By default it seems that <code>html.parser.HTMLParser</code> cannot handle self closing tags correctly, if they are not terminated using <code>/</code>. E.g. it handles <code>&lt;img src=&quot;asfd&quot;/&gt;</code> fine, but it incorrectly handles <code>&lt;img scr=&quot;asdf&quot;&gt;</code> by considering it as a...
<python><html><html-parsing>
2024-08-04 12:41:15
1
11,728
flawr
78,830,955
865,220
In a pandas dataframe, for a given column, How to multiple a value in same row of df with another value in previous row of its own column?
<p>I want to transform a datafram like this</p> <pre><code>date | colA | ColB ------------------------------------ 1971-10-01 0.002451 NaN 1971-11-01 0.002445 NaN 1971-12-01 0.002439 NaN 1972-01-01 0.002433 NaN 1972-02-01 0.004854 NaN 19...
<python><pandas><dataframe>
2024-08-04 11:33:50
1
18,382
ishandutta2007
78,830,929
21,294,350
How to write `compose` similar to that in SDF with python?
<p>Recently when I self-learnt MIT 6.5151 course, I first read CS 61AS Unit 0 as the preparation. Then I have read SICP 1 to 2.1 (with related lecture notes) as <a href="https://groups.csail.mit.edu/mac/users/gjs/6.945/psets/ps00/dh.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">ps0</a> requires (also read 2.2.1 as <a href="https://pe...
<python><arguments><scheme><parameter-passing>
2024-08-04 11:23:12
0
782
An5Drama
78,830,890
6,778,374
How to print only the opening tag of an element in etree?
<p>Given an Element from <code>etree</code>, I would like to print only the opening tag. This would be immensely useful for debugging.</p> <p>For example:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; from lxml import etree &gt;&gt;&gt; elem = etree.fromstring(b'''&lt;bbq taste=&quot;awful&quot; smel...
<python><lxml><elementtree>
2024-08-04 11:05:09
1
675
NeatNit
78,830,862
11,357,695
Testing static methods with pytest
<p>I am trying to test the <code>write_nodes</code> static method from <code>PrunedGraphWriter</code> (please see below). The original function copies files (nodes) from one dir to another, whereas the mocked function just checks that the nodes to be written are what I expect in the test case.</p> <p>I am getting:</p>...
<python><unit-testing><class><testing><pytest>
2024-08-04 10:53:22
1
756
Tim Kirkwood
78,830,794
14,358,734
Why is this list index out of range for a return statement but not for a print statement?
<p>The goal: Given an integer array nums of length n and an integer target, find three integers in nums such that the sum is closest to target.</p> <p>Return the sum of the three integers.</p> <p>I've written up a potential solution. At the end, I have a list of lists <code>solution</code>. When I try to print the firs...
<python><list>
2024-08-04 10:26:03
2
781
m. lekk
78,830,766
13,520,223
How to click the next link with Zyte browser automation?
<p>The <a href="https://docs.zyte.com/web-scraping/tutorial/setup.html#create-your-first-spider" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Zyte tutorial &quot;Create your first spider&quot;</a> crawls <a href="http://books.toscrape.com/catalogue/category/books/mystery_3/index.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">this page</a> which has a p...
<javascript><python><web-scraping><zyte>
2024-08-04 10:11:25
2
693
Ralf Zosel
78,830,678
865,220
Combining two dataframes indexed on date based (matching month and year only)
<p>Ignore the date column we just need to merge based on YYYY-MM . First table has one rwo for each month but second table may have multiple rows for each month. First rows matching month's data should be merged to all of them.</p> <p>data-frame 1:</p> <pre><code>2020-01-01 1.480 2020-02-01 1.620 2020-03-01 1.000...
<python><pandas><dataframe>
2024-08-04 09:22:24
2
18,382
ishandutta2007
78,830,523
140,100
Align the time range across two or more separate time series
<p>I have several time series that fall within the same time range, but with different sampling rates. The start and end times are the same for all series.</p> <pre><code>series_a_times = ['2023-01-01', '2023-01-03', '2023-01-04', '2023-01-08'] series_b_times = ['2023-01-01', '2023-01-04', '2023-01-04', '2023-01-08'] s...
<python><algorithm><time-series>
2024-08-04 07:46:38
1
21,420
Night Walker
78,830,224
3,104,963
How can I get around an unresolved hostname or unrecognized name error using HTTP(S) in java or python?
<p>I a trying to access a website's information programmatically, but on both Java and Python it is unable to resolve a hostname. If I specify the IP address, it changes the error to TLSV1_UNRECOGNIZED_NAME. This website is able to resolve without any additional work through any browser though.</p> <p>I have looked thr...
<python><java><ssl><https><python-requests>
2024-08-04 03:57:00
1
402
KM529
78,830,098
4,616,233
Timeout Issue with aiohttp but not with Requests
<p>I'm trying to fetch a webpage in Python using two different methods: <code>requests</code> and <code>aiohttp</code>. The requests method works fine, but the aiohttp method results in a timeout. Here's the code:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>import asyncio import aiohttp import requests headers...
<python><python-3.x><python-requests><python-asyncio><aiohttp>
2024-08-04 01:31:37
2
1,251
graille
78,829,943
8,190,068
How do I programmatically add an AccordionItem to an Accordion?
<p><strong>UPDATED WITH MORE EXAMPLE CODE</strong></p> <p>I have a test application which contains an Accordion. <strong>I want to be able to add items to the Accordion from within my python code.</strong></p> <p>Here is the kv code:</p> <pre><code>#:kivy 1.0.9 &lt;LayoutTest&gt;: BoxLayout: id: mainBox ...
<python><kivy>
2024-08-03 22:58:42
2
424
Todd Hoatson
78,829,913
8,190,068
How do I implement a Splash screen for my app?
<p>I have a simple test application, and I want to see how to add a splash screen to my app. I tried using a popup for this (<em>is there a better way?</em>), and the popup will preferably have no buttons, just an image that lingers for a short amount of time, then the popup closes automatically.</p> <p>What I have no...
<python><kivy>
2024-08-03 22:35:37
2
424
Todd Hoatson
78,829,884
7,317,985
Cannot install Flask with pip on MacOS
<p>I am trying to install flask on my MacOS Ventura with the command:</p> <pre><code>Pip3 install Flask </code></pre> <p>which gives me the following error:</p> <p><div class="snippet" data-lang="js" data-hide="false" data-console="true" data-babel="false"> <div class="snippet-code"> <pre class="snippet-code-html lan...
<python><macos><flask><homebrew>
2024-08-03 22:12:48
1
301
haroon khan
78,829,678
6,597,296
Is there a way to do this with a list comprehension?
<p>I have a list that looks something like this:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>data = ['1', '12', '123'] </code></pre> <p>I want to produce a new list, that looks like this:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>result = ['$1', '1', '$2', '12', '$3', '123'] </code></pre> <p>where the...
<python><list-comprehension>
2024-08-03 20:08:41
8
578
bontchev
78,829,629
1,403,470
date conversion and any() in Pony ORM with SQLite
<p>I am building a web application tutorial using <a href="https://docs.ponyorm.org/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Pony ORM</a>. My Python is working, but feels very clunky: in particular, I'm managing date conversion by hand after fetching records, and am doing concatenate-then-split string operations to handle a one-to-...
<python><sqlite><ponyorm>
2024-08-03 19:39:37
0
1,403
Greg Wilson
78,829,500
3,018,860
Querying data from Simbad using astroquery
<p>I'm making a script in Python to get information for all objects from the NGC and IC catalogs. Actually, I already have this information from OpenNGC, however, coordinates don't have the same precision, so I need to combine both dataframes.</p> <p>What I want is: the name, RA in J2000, Dec in J2000 and the type. Wha...
<python><astropy><astroquery><simbad>
2024-08-03 18:46:06
2
2,834
Unix
78,829,305
10,181,236
Use python to automatically post on Instagram
<p>I am using instabot package on python to build an app that automatically post photos on my profile.</p> <p>This is the code I wrote</p> <pre><code>from instabot import Bot import configparser # Reading Configs config = configparser.ConfigParser() config.read(&quot;config.ini&quot;) # Setting configuration values...
<python><instagram>
2024-08-03 17:12:39
2
512
JayJona
78,829,255
726,373
concurrent kafka client offset commit management data structure
<h3>Question: Comparing Ring Buffer with Hash Map and Interval Designs for Kafka Client - Which is Better?</h3> <p>I'm working on optimizing a Kafka client for high-throughput message processing. We're considering two different designs for managing message offsets and statuses: a ring buffer with a hash map and an inte...
<python><go><apache-kafka><concurrency>
2024-08-03 16:48:08
0
642
Jack Peng
78,829,063
3,343,378
Exclude decorators in pdoc documentation
<p>I would like to exclude decorators from my API documentation using <code>pdoc</code>. Is there any possible way I can achieve that?</p> <p>For an example, if I write:</p> <pre><code>@xl_func(&quot;blah&quot;, &quot;blah&quot;) def examples_are_blah() print(&quot;blah&quot;) </code></pre> <p>I get the following...
<python><documentation-generation><pdoc>
2024-08-03 15:25:44
1
444
blah_crusader
78,828,880
5,561,472
strange `re.sub` behaviour if the string include `\n` symbol
<p>I am trying to extract a part of string prior to substring:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>import re s = &quot;ab\nc&quot; print(re.sub(r&quot;(.*)b.*&quot;, r&quot;\1&quot;, s)) # a\nc </code></pre> <p>I would expect to get <code>a</code>, but I am getting <code>a\nc</code>.</p> <p>Why is it?<...
<python><regex>
2024-08-03 14:04:41
1
6,639
Andrey
78,828,715
934,904
Finding config.json for Llama 3.1 8B
<p>I installed the Llama 3.1 8B model through Meta's <a href="https://github.com/meta-llama/llama-models" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Github page</a>, but I can't get their example code to work. I'm running the following code in the same directory as the Meta-Llama-3.1-8B folder:</p> <pre><code>import transformers import...
<python><pytorch><huggingface><llama><llama3>
2024-08-03 12:54:18
1
5,966
MatthewScarpino
78,828,636
4,489,082
ValueError while saving a dataframe
<p>I am facing hurdle while saving a pandas data frame to parquet file</p> <p>Code I am using -</p> <pre><code>import pandas as pd import yfinance as yf start_date = &quot;2022-08-06&quot; end_date = &quot;2024-08-05&quot; ticker = 'RELIANCE.NS' data = yf.download(tickers=ticker, start=start_date, end=end_date, inter...
<python><pandas><yfinance>
2024-08-03 12:15:03
3
793
pkj
78,828,344
315,427
How to modify Excel sheet without losing extensions?
<p>I am trying to modify excel file, which has number of VBA actions(not created by me). I had gentle attempt to modify single combo box item.</p> <pre><code>from openpyxl import load_workbook # Load the workbook workbook = load_workbook('input.xlsx') # Select the worksheet worksheet = workbook['Monthly'] # Change t...
<python><excel>
2024-08-03 09:30:38
1
29,709
Pablo
78,828,192
6,718,081
What caused Python 3.13-0b3 ( compiled with GIL disabled ) be slower than 3.12.0?
<p>I did a simple performance test on python <code>3.12.0</code> against python <code>3.13.0b3</code> compiled with a <code>--disable-gil</code> flag. The program executes calculations of a Fibonacci sequence using <code>ThreadPoolExecutor</code> or <code>ProcessPoolExecutor</code>. The docs on the PEP introducing disa...
<python><performance><cpython><gil><pep>
2024-08-03 08:11:39
2
923
K4liber
78,828,009
10,200,497
How can I get the group that has the largest streak of negative numbers in a column and add another condition to filter the groups?
<p>This is an extension to this accepted <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/78824669/10200497">answer</a>.</p> <p>My DataFrame:</p> <pre><code>import pandas as pd df = pd.DataFrame( { 'a': [-3, -1, -2, -5, 10, -3, -13, -3, -2, 1, 2, -100], 'b': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 80, 90, 100, 99, 1, 12] } ) <...
<python><pandas><dataframe>
2024-08-03 06:34:34
3
2,679
AmirX
78,828,007
4,399,016
Integrating Holoviz Panel and Django to build Dashboard Webapps
<p>I am looking for any working example of a Django project that is integrated with <a href="https://panel.holoviz.org/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Panel Apps</a>. There is a section in the <a href="https://panel.holoviz.org/how_to/integrations/Django.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">user guide</a> that gives tips on how...
<python><django><web-applications><dashboard><holoviz-panel>
2024-08-03 06:32:24
0
680
prashanth manohar
78,827,959
3,442,922
How to get the index of an ordinal value from a numpy 3d array?
<p>I have a 3d array of shape: (2, 3, 3) from which I would like to get the index of the 10th value. I have built a program through the conventional method of using loops. Below is my solution:</p> <pre><code>import numpy as np arr = np.arange(1, 19).reshape(2, 3, 3) el = 10 count = 0 loc = () for each_arr in np.arang...
<python><numpy>
2024-08-03 06:03:01
0
336
Vivek
78,827,743
11,748,924
resample_poly of one-hot encoded masking
<p>I have these tensors:</p> <pre><code>X_test = X_unseen_flutter[0,0,:][None, :] # (Batch Size, Amplitude Length) -&gt; (1, 3208) y_true = y_unseen_flutter[0,0,:][None, :] # (Batch Size, Mask Length, Num of Classes) -&gt; (1, 3208, 4) (One-Hot Encoded) </code></pre> <p>I can resample the <code>X_test</code>, but I hav...
<python><numpy><machine-learning><scipy><signal-processing>
2024-08-03 03:21:27
0
1,252
Muhammad Ikhwan Perwira
78,827,639
5,255,911
Playwright - issue with the footer template parsing
<p>Playwright (Python) save a page as PDF function works fine when there's no customisation in the header or footer. However, when I try to introduce a custom footer, the values don't seem to get injected appropriately.</p> <p>Example code:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>from playwright.sync_api im...
<python><playwright><playwright-python>
2024-08-03 01:10:04
1
896
MaduKan
78,827,396
4,023,639
Python 3d scatter plot linking annotation between subplots
<p>I have two (or more) 3d scatter plots in subplots, each showing different 3 variables of a data set. When I hover over a data in one subplot, I'd like other subplots to also automatically show the same data sample. Currently, I am able to show annotation (on hover) for one plot using mplcursors module (in jupyter no...
<python><matplotlib><hover><scatter-plot>
2024-08-02 22:17:27
1
1,083
user32147
78,827,386
54,873
How to use xxhash in hashlib.file_digest?
<p>I want to quickly compute hash values of large files on disk to compare them to one another.</p> <p>I'm using the following:</p> <pre><code> import hashlib def sha256sum(filename): with open(filename, 'rb', buffering=0) as f: return hashlib.file_digest(f, 'sha256').hexdigest() </code></pre> <p>But I'd l...
<python><hash><sha><hashlib>
2024-08-02 22:11:53
1
10,076
YGA
78,827,379
610,569
What is the max_tokens number I can put for OpenAI GPT generate function?
<p>I've tried to use 100_000, 20_000 but seems like only 10_000 is possible:</p> <pre><code>from openai import OpenAI client = OpenAI() messages = {&quot;role&quot;: &quot;user&quot;, &quot;content&quot;: &quot;Hello&quot;} completion = client.chat.completions.create( model=&quot;gpt-4o-mini&quot;, messages=m...
<python><openai-api><large-language-model><gpt-4o-mini>
2024-08-02 22:09:30
1
123,325
alvas
78,827,074
6,197,439
Visual replacement of area of subwidgets in pair of custom widgets with a single widget in PyQt5?
<p>In the example code below, I have a CustomWidget consisting of a main label (red) on top, and sub label (yellow) on bottom - and I instantiate several of those in a scroll area:</p> <p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/0k9O4HMC.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/0k9O4HMC.png" alt="starting w...
<python><pyqt5>
2024-08-02 20:00:38
1
5,938
sdbbs
78,827,002
2,233,608
How to query a MultiIndex by MultiIndex and choose the "best" row?
<p>Say I have a <code>MultiIndex</code> by <code>MultiIndex</code> <code>DataFrame</code> similar to the one generated here (in the real use case the list of races is dynamic and not known ahead of time):</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>import random import pandas as pd random.seed(1) data_frame_...
<python><pandas><dataframe><multi-index>
2024-08-02 19:37:49
2
1,178
niltz
78,826,732
13,469,674
How do create_history_aware_retriever and RunnableWithMessageHistory interact when used together?
<p>I am building a chatbot, following the Conversational RAG example in langchain's documentation: <a href="https://python.langchain.com/v0.2/docs/tutorials/qa_chat_history/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://python.langchain.com/v0.2/docs/tutorials/qa_chat_history/</a></p> <p>So far I was able to create the bot with c...
<python><langchain><py-langchain>
2024-08-02 18:06:59
1
955
DPM