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Capture KeyboardInterrupt in context manager when OpenMPI run is manually terminated
<p>I am running code in parallel using <code>mpi4py</code>. I've noticed that if I run the code and perform a keyboard interrupt, my context manager <code>__exit__</code> will run if I run the code as <code>python file.py</code> but will not when run as <code>mpirun -np 1 file.py</code> (this is only one process, but i...
<python><mpi><contextmanager><mpi4py>
2024-07-22 15:49:20
1
9,583
jared
78,779,292
4,691,830
Cannot use fileinput.input as stdin in subprocess.run
<p>I was under the impression that <code>fileinput.input([path_1, path2, ...])</code> is basically interchangeable with <code>open(path_1)</code> except that the former concatenates the contents of all the files given. However, <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/fileinput.html#fileinput.input" rel="nofollow nor...
<python><file-io><subprocess>
2024-07-22 14:33:43
3
4,145
Joooeey
78,779,247
5,333,970
Upgrading python3-pip for security issues
<p>A security scan has identified python3-pip 9.0.3 on EL8 as a security issue. I don't use Python on the machine. But when I tried to remove it, I got an error because dnf is dependent on Python..</p> <p>There is no newer version of python3-pip for EL8 that I can find.</p> <p>Does anyone have any suggestions on how I ...
<python><python-3.x><rpm><yum><dnf>
2024-07-22 14:26:51
1
303
Daniel Cosio
78,779,076
9,284,651
add date columns
<p>I have two columns with date and I need to create another based on sum of those two. df looks like below:</p> <pre><code>date_1 date_2 result_date 2024-07-07 18:00:00.000000 0001-01-02T01:12:53.832 2024-07-08 19:12:53 2024-07-07 08:46:00.000000 0001-01-04T08:00:00...
<python><pandas><dataframe><datetime><time>
2024-07-22 13:48:26
2
403
Tmiskiewicz
78,779,017
2,855,689
When using Docker and python:3.11 image the module "test" is not found
<p>I have a multistage docker image as below.</p> <pre><code># syntax=docker/dockerfile:1 FROM python:3.11 as DEP_BUILDER ENV PYTHONFAULTHANDLER=1 \ PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1 \ PYTHONHASHSEED=random \ PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR=off \ PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK=on \ PIP_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT=100 \ POETRY_CACHE_DIR=...
<python><python-3.x><docker><dockerfile>
2024-07-22 13:36:03
1
732
Aitor Martin
78,779,016
2,107,030
Setting the same axis limits for all *unpacked* subplots
<p>What is an efficient way to assign the same specs (for example, <code>xlim</code>) to matplotlib unpacked subplots?</p> <p>I have</p> <pre><code>fig, (axs1, axs2,axs3) = plt.subplots(3, sharex=True, figsize=(10,6), gridspec_kw={'height_ratios': [2, 1, 1], 'hspace':0}) </code></pre> <p>And I want to cycle over them, ...
<python><matplotlib><subplot>
2024-07-22 13:35:59
1
2,166
Py-ser
78,778,988
9,714,255
Do I need to use Named Entity Recognition (NER) in tokenization?
<p>I am working on an NLP project for sentiment analysis. I am using SpaCy to tokenize sentences. As I was reading the <a href="https://spacy.io/usage/linguistic-features#named-entities" rel="nofollow noreferrer">documentation</a>, I learned about NER. I've read that it can be used to extract entities from text for aid...
<python><python-3.x><nlp><spacy><named-entity-recognition>
2024-07-22 13:28:14
1
1,348
LoukasPap
78,778,978
7,290,715
Get the last child node and its associated namespace mapping dynamically in xml file using python
<p>I have an xml file as below:</p> <pre><code>xml_s = &quot;&quot;&quot; &lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot; encoding=&quot;utf-8&quot;?&gt; &lt;feed xml:base=&quot;https://url_path/1f3a6012-d6b2-4258-a91a-fc6d4e86c304/&quot; xmlns:d=&quot;http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices&quot; xmlns:m=&quot;http://s...
<python><xml>
2024-07-22 13:26:32
2
1,259
pythondumb
78,778,961
1,376,848
Equivalent of TS Parameters in Python
<p>In TypeScript I can do this:</p> <pre class="lang-js prettyprint-override"><code>function a(b: string): string { return b + &quot;Bar&quot;; } let c: Parameters&lt;typeof a&gt;[0]; // string c = &quot;Foo&quot;; e = a(d); // FooBar </code></pre> <p>How do I do <code>Parameters</code> in Python?</p> <p>Context: in...
<python><python-typing>
2024-07-22 13:22:31
0
2,086
Otto
78,778,953
11,291,788
Chrome is ignoring my attempts to unset cookies (Django)
<p>I'm trying to unset my cookie on an https site. The cookie was set by the server after successful login but chrome is not unsetting the cookie when logout is called even though the Set-Cookie header is present on the response headers with the correct directives.</p> <pre><code>@api_view(['POST']) def login(request):...
<python><reactjs><django><google-chrome>
2024-07-22 13:20:33
1
534
Warwick
78,778,926
2,521,423
Creating a metaclass that inherits from ABCMeta and QObject
<p>I am building an app in PySide6 that will involve dynamic loading of plugins. To facilitate this, I am using <code>ABCMeta</code> to define a custom metaclass for the plugin interface, and I would like this custom metaclass to inherit from <code>ABC</code> and from <code>QObject</code> so that I can abstract as much...
<python><abstract-class><multiple-inheritance><metaclass><pyside6>
2024-07-22 13:14:40
1
1,488
KBriggs
78,778,894
15,948,240
How to make a clickable URL in Shiny for Python?
<p>I tried this:</p> <pre><code>app_ui = ui.page_fluid( ui.output_text(&quot;the_txt&quot;) ) def server(input, output, session): @render.text def the_txt(): url = 'https://stackoverflow.com' clickable_url = f'&lt;a&gt; href=&quot;{url}&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot...
<python><py-shiny>
2024-07-22 13:09:29
1
1,075
endive1783
78,778,792
3,018,860
Plotting star maps with equatorial coordinates system
<p>I'm trying to generate star maps with the equatorial coordinates system (RAJ2000 and DEJ2000). However, I only get a grid system where meridians and parallels are in parallel, while parallels should be curved and meridians should converge to the north celestial pole and the south ceestial pole.</p> <p>I'm using some...
<python><matplotlib><astropy><skyfield>
2024-07-22 12:45:55
2
2,834
Unix
78,778,698
8,964,393
Random stratified sampling in pandas
<p>I have created a pandas dataframe as follows:</p> <pre><code>import pandas as pd import numpy as np ds = {'col1' : [1,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,3,3,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4], 'col2' : [12,3,4,5,4,3,2,3,4,6,7,8,3,3,65,4,3,2,32,1,2,3,4,5,32], } df = pd.DataFrame(data=ds) </code></pre> <p>The dataframe looks as ...
<python><pandas><dataframe><random><sampling>
2024-07-22 12:25:42
1
1,762
Giampaolo Levorato
78,778,569
1,424,746
Sentry Logging python integration - which handler?
<p>So if there are 2 handlers to a logger say</p> <pre><code> ch = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout) ch.setLevel(logging.DEBUG) ch.setFormatter(logging.Formatter('%(message)s')) # Logs are pre-formatted as JSON strings # File handler for custom human-readable output ...
<python><logging><sentry>
2024-07-22 12:01:23
1
369
Ram
78,778,481
8,973,620
Joblib parallel processing introduces {built-in method time.sleep} in profiling
<p>I am using Joblib to run parallel jobs in my Python application. During profiling, I noticed that the slowest process was <code>{built-in method time.sleep}</code>. Interestingly, this issue disappears when I remove Joblib parallel processing. Could you explain why {built-in method time.sleep} becomes a bottleneck w...
<python><parallel-processing><multiprocessing><joblib>
2024-07-22 11:40:22
1
18,110
Mykola Zotko
78,778,438
12,331,569
A created python thread stucks when code is compiled to cython
<p>I have been trying to figure out why the created thread doesn't work and get stuck when compiled into Cython, as it works normally with CPython...</p> <p>main.py</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>from count import count_launcher if __name__ == &quot;__main__&quot;: tracker = {&quot;running&qu...
<python><cython><python-multithreading><cythonize>
2024-07-22 11:30:47
1
316
Muhammad Hawash
78,778,401
1,587,329
webbrowser.open steals focus, how to avoid
<p>On Windows, calling <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/webbrowser.html#webbrowser.open" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><code>webbrowser.open</code></a> steals the e.g. keyboard input focus, and sets it to the newly opened webbrowser tab.</p> <p>Is there a way to avoid this, that is: to open the page in the backgr...
<python><focus><python-webbrowser>
2024-07-22 11:21:12
1
38,730
serv-inc
78,778,227
5,255,911
How to make code formatting work again for Python (Visual Studio Code on Mac)?
<p>On Mac, <code>Option</code> +<code>Shift</code> + <code>F</code> now brings up the &quot;There is no formatter for 'python' files installed.&quot; message box:</p> <img src="https://i.sstatic.net/WK2r2vwX.png" width="300" /> <p>I tried installing this plugin, without a change seen to this situation:</p> <img src="ht...
<python><visual-studio-code>
2024-07-22 10:44:40
5
896
MaduKan
78,778,114
19,626,271
Why is np.sort() with order slow on multi dtype arrays? (sorting by unsigned integer ID)
<p>Working with embedded software, I'm using <code>numpy</code> arrays with specified datatypes to save memory and other reasons. I'm using version '1.23.4' and Python 3.10.0, but this seems to be an issue with latest versions too. In a task I noticed that sorting this array with <code>np.sort(..., order='id')</code>se...
<python><arrays><numpy><performance><sorting>
2024-07-22 10:17:56
0
395
me9hanics
78,777,978
10,267,104
Socket IO is rejecting requests from Nginx proxy
<p>I have this docker application running several containers. One of these containers is a Python application that can handle both socket io requests and normal HTTP requests. Django's ASGI handles HTTP/ASGI requests while <code>python-socketio</code> handles socket requests.</p> <p>Since there are 4 other applications...
<python><django><sockets><nginx><python-socketio>
2024-07-22 09:46:24
2
369
lordsarcastic
78,777,855
4,451,315
Dummy-encoded PyArrow table from PyArrow ChunkedArray, without going through pandas?
<p>Say I have</p> <pre><code>import pyarrow as pa ca = pa.chunked_array([['a', 'b', 'b', 'c']]) print(ca) </code></pre> <pre><code>&lt;pyarrow.lib.ChunkedArray object at 0x7fc938bcea70&gt; [ [ &quot;a&quot;, &quot;b&quot;, &quot;b&quot;, &quot;c&quot; ] ] </code></pre> <p>I'd like to end up with:</...
<python><pyarrow>
2024-07-22 09:16:18
3
11,062
ignoring_gravity
78,777,829
5,269,892
PyCharm breakpoint in Ipython console not triggering
<p>I have two python scripts, <em>test_breakpoints.py</em> and <em>test_breakpoints_import.py</em> (see below), with breakpoints set in <em>PyCharm</em>. The former script imports a function from the latter.</p> <p>When using the interactive console (IPython), connecting the debugger, and running code (via Alt+Shift+e)...
<python><pycharm><breakpoints>
2024-07-22 09:10:29
0
1,314
silence_of_the_lambdas
78,777,372
16,723,655
Pydub library has an error with version check
<p>I am just curious why only this library has an error of version check.</p> <p>Below is the code.</p> <pre><code>import pydub print('Pydub version: ', pydub.__version__) </code></pre> <p>I got the error as below.</p> <pre><code>AttributeError: module 'pydub' has no attribute '__version__' </code></pre> <p>Other libra...
<python><version><pydub>
2024-07-22 07:15:17
1
403
MCPMH
78,777,096
972,647
Python: Submitting and tracking many subprocesses leads to "stuck" subprocesses
<p>I have an 3rd party cli executable I need to call from my python code. These are heavy calculations (cpu) and there are around 50-100 times I need to call it. The executable itself is to some degree multi-threaded but not all steps and I have a lot of cores available.</p> <p>This means I want to have multiple subpro...
<python><popen>
2024-07-22 05:42:54
2
7,652
beginner_
78,777,074
1,488,641
Uploaded media doesn't server in production mode without restarting django
<p>I need to serve media in Django in production mode and it is very little need to serve telegram user photos in Django admin. so I know everything about Django it's not for serving files or media so there is no need to repeat repetitive things. I just need to serve media in production mode for my purpose so I use Whi...
<python><django><webserver><django-media><whitenoise>
2024-07-22 05:33:28
1
435
minttux
78,776,546
3,486,684
How do I type annotate a variable that stores a type annotation?
<p>Suppose I have:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>x: type = Optional[str] # &lt;--- type error </code></pre> <p>This results in the type error:</p> <pre><code>Expression of type &quot;UnionType&quot; is incompatible with declared type &quot;type&quot; &quot;UnionType&quot; is incompatible with &q...
<python><python-typing><pyright>
2024-07-21 23:20:54
1
4,654
bzm3r
78,776,507
3,486,684
How to inherit (from a parent class) dataclass field introspection functionality?
<p>I have a parent dataclass, and various other classes will then extend this parent dataclass. Let's call these dataclasses <code>DC</code>s. In the example code below, see <code>ParentDC</code>, and an example <code>ChildDC</code>:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>from dataclasses import dataclass,...
<python><inheritance><python-dataclasses><python-class>
2024-07-21 22:53:44
1
4,654
bzm3r
78,776,495
3,486,684
No hang when stepping manually through problematic code; otherwise, it hangs. What tools does the editor + debugger have to examine?
<p>I have a problematic section of code. The start of the section is decorated with a print statement, as is the end:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>print(&quot;starting problematic section&quot;) # &lt;-- breakpoint set here # various calls # &lt;--- program hangs somewhere here if not manually s...
<python><visual-studio-code><debugging>
2024-07-21 22:40:26
0
4,654
bzm3r
78,776,454
3,329,877
NumPy successive matrix multiplication vectorization
<p>I have a NumPy array <code>ar</code> of shape <code>(M, L, 2, 2)</code>. <code>M</code> is usually in the hundreds or thousands, <code>L</code> is usually <code>&lt;= 5</code>.</p> <p>I want to multiply the <code>L</code> <code>(N, N)</code> matrices successively (<code>multiplied_ar[m] = ar[m, 0, :, :] @ ar[m, 1, :...
<python><numpy><numpy-ndarray><matrix-multiplication><numpy-einsum>
2024-07-21 22:08:23
1
397
VaNa
78,776,354
3,437,787
How to fill missing values based on relationships between existing data
<h2>Question</h2> <p>How to fill missing values of a pandas dataframe based on the relationship between an existing preceeding row (predictions for a commodity), and an associated existing value in another column (actual values for a commodity).</p> <h2>Details</h2> <p>I have a pandas dataframe with 10 columns and 40 r...
<python><pandas><missing-data>
2024-07-21 21:09:55
3
62,064
vestland
78,776,334
13,559,669
pd.to_datetime() not working for old dates
<p>When trying to convert the &quot;Date&quot; field of a pandas DataFrame using pd.to_datetime(), I get an &quot;OutOfBoundsDatetime&quot; error only when the date is before Year 1700 (otherwise the conversion works fine). Any help?</p> <pre><code>df = pd.read_excel('Timeline_SecondMillenialH2.xlsx') df['Date'] = pd.t...
<python><pandas><dataframe><datetime><python-datetime>
2024-07-21 20:54:03
0
436
el_pazzu
78,776,284
3,579,212
How to register Django hooks with PyInstaller
<p>I want to use the Django <a href="https://github.com/pyinstaller/pyinstaller/blob/develop/PyInstaller/hooks/hook-django.py" rel="nofollow noreferrer">hooks</a> in Pyinstaller. I have tried the following:</p> <pre><code> python -m PyInstaller --runtime-hook='hook-django.contrib.sessions.py' --r...
<python><django><pyinstaller>
2024-07-21 20:21:22
2
3,664
adnanmuttaleb
78,776,268
3,486,684
How can I efficiently `fill_null` only certain columns of a DataFrame?
<p>For example, let us say I want to <code>fill_null(strategy=&quot;zero&quot;)</code> only the numeric columns of my DataFrame. My current strategy is to do this:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>import polars as pl import polars.selectors as cs df = pl.DataFrame( [ pl.Series(&quot;id&q...
<python><python-polars>
2024-07-21 20:11:25
1
4,654
bzm3r
78,776,267
4,974,980
Blocking OpenAI Requests
<p>After multiple attempts at this myself along with numerous ChatGPT and Claude queries, I am throwing my hands up and asking StackOverflow what would seem to be an easy question:</p> <p>How does one block OpenAI, at the global level, from making HTTP requests when testing using pytest?</p> <p>Things I have tried (and...
<python><unit-testing><openai-api><azure-openai>
2024-07-21 20:10:36
0
2,454
Jens Astrup
78,776,035
19,251,893
nlst times out while connecting FTPS server with Python
<p>I can login to with Total Commander to<br /> server: ftps://publishedprices.co.il<br /> username: &quot;XXXX&quot;<br /> password empty</p> <p>And with</p> <pre><code>lftp -u XXXX: publishedprices.co.il </code></pre> <p>But when I tried to login and get the file list with Python on the same machine the <code>nlst</c...
<python><python-3.x><ftp><ftplib><ftps>
2024-07-21 18:19:44
1
345
python3.789
78,775,967
1,649,171
One project (Django 3 with mod_wsgi installed within py 3.8 venv) works but another (Django 5 with mod_wsgi installed within py 3.12) fails
<p><strong>Issue:</strong> Internal Server Error with Django and mod_wsgi on Ubuntu Server</p> <p><strong>Setup:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Ubuntu 20.04</li> <li>Python 3.8 for existing project (and the base python for the OS too)</li> <li>Python 3.12.4 for new project</li> <li>Apache</li> <li>mod_wsgi installed in respecti...
<python><django><apache><ubuntu><mod-wsgi>
2024-07-21 17:53:18
0
910
Ken
78,775,890
13,215,289
How to relay and stream HTTP response chunks directly using httpx and FastAPI?
<p>I'm working on a relay handler using <code>httpx</code> and FastAPI to stream HTTP response chunks directly from an upstream server to a client. The goal is to send each chunk of the streamed response directly as it is received, instead of buffering all data and sending it at the end.</p> <p><strong>Here's what I've...
<python><http><fastapi><http-streaming><httpx>
2024-07-21 17:25:51
1
542
leon
78,775,683
110,963
Change title (verbose name plural) in custom admin.TabularInline
<p>In my Django admin UI I use a <code>TabularInline</code> like this:</p> <pre><code>class MyCustomInline(admin.TabularInline): # ... def get_queryset(self, request): # ... </code></pre> <p>The overridden functions adds a filter, so that only a subset of related objects is displayed. In the admin UI I ...
<python><django><django-admin>
2024-07-21 16:00:54
1
15,684
Achim
78,775,434
19,381,612
How do create a new line break in python-doxc that has a specified character size?
<p>I currently have a paragraph as a header that is <code>Pt48</code> in size and I want to create a new line break using <code>add_break()</code> which works perfectly fine but it inherits the top paragraph character size. Is there a way to specify the new line break character size. I've look at the documentation and ...
<python><python-docx>
2024-07-21 14:20:29
1
1,124
ThisQRequiresASpecialist
78,775,408
6,703,592
dataframe filter groupby based on a subset
<pre><code>df_example = pd.DataFrame({'name': ['a', 'a', 'a', 'b', 'b', 'b'], 'class': [1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 2], 'price': [3, 4, 2, 1, 6, 5]}) </code></pre> <p>I want to filter each <code>name</code> where the <code>price</code> is larger than the smallest <code>price</code...
<python><pandas><dataframe><group-by>
2024-07-21 14:06:28
3
1,136
user6703592
78,775,364
16,527,170
Pandas - Convert Multiple colums to rows in Dataframe
<p>I have df as below:</p> <pre><code>import pandas as pd import numpy as np data = { 'NIFTYBEES.NS': [0.26, 0.18], 'abc.NS': [0.1, 0.1], 'NIFTYBEES.NS_pct_change': [0.86, -0.21], 'abc.NS_pct_change': [0.2, 0.2], 'avg': [0.4775, 0.76], 'weekday': ['Monday', 'Tuesday'] } Date = pd.date_range('202...
<python><pandas><dataframe>
2024-07-21 13:47:25
2
1,077
Divyank
78,775,326
16,883,182
How to generically type-annotate a fuction/method parameter to accept any real number type?
<p>I would like to write a generic function that takes an instance of any type that implements all real number operations (such as <code>int</code>, <code>float</code>, <code>fractions.Fraction</code>, or third-party types). I found the <code>numbers.Real</code> ABC which works great for enforcing the type at runtime w...
<python><python-typing>
2024-07-21 13:30:24
1
315
I Like Python
78,775,207
22,886,184
Cloud Run - Authenticated request doesn't work on custom (sub)domain
<p>I have a Cloud Run service running with authenticated requests turned on. I've created a domain mapping using Load Balancing to point a subdomain to the container.</p> <p>I have been sending requests to the direct container url without any problems.</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>import os from ...
<python><google-cloud-platform><google-cloud-run>
2024-07-21 12:39:55
1
537
Victor
78,775,206
4,306,274
How to plot a line on the second axis over a HORIZONTAL (not VERTICAL) bar chart with Matplotlib?
<p>I know how to plot a line on the second axis over a VERTICAL bar chart.</p> <p>Now I want the bars HORIZONTAL and the line top-to-bottom, just like the whole chart rotates 90°.</p> <p>If I simply replace <code>bar</code> with <code>barh</code>, the line is still left-to-right...</p> <p>Can I do this with Matplotlib?...
<python><pandas><matplotlib>
2024-07-21 12:39:43
1
1,503
chaosink
78,775,101
828,647
Iterate through child elements in robot framework
<p>I have a list of users on a webpage like this</p> <p><div class="snippet" data-lang="js" data-hide="false" data-console="true" data-babel="false"> <div class="snippet-code"> <pre class="snippet-code-html lang-html prettyprint-override"><code>&lt;div id="users"&gt; &lt;li class="user_list"&gt; &lt;div c...
<python><selenium-webdriver><robotframework>
2024-07-21 11:51:25
1
515
user828647
78,774,956
13,132,640
Vectorize a sampling of a dataframe based on filtered conditions?
<p>I have two dataframes, one which has three variables (one discrete, two continuous) and the other which has the same, except with also an additional 4th variable. For the purposes of a minimum reproducible example, I use random data, but in reality these variables are related to each other.</p> <p>Anyway, for the fi...
<python><pandas><vectorization>
2024-07-21 10:42:30
2
379
user13132640
78,774,602
739,809
How to parallelize transformer model for machine translation on 8 GPUs?
<p>I am attempting to perform machine translation using a transformer model in a manner almost identical to the original article. While the model works reasonably well, it requires greater computational resources. To address this, I ran the model on a computer with 8 GPU processors, but I lack experience in this area. ...
<python><machine-learning><parallel-processing>
2024-07-21 07:14:42
0
2,537
dsb
78,773,967
5,626,776
Module import error for PYTHON_PYLINT when using super-linter/super-linter@v6.7.0
<p>I've been working on getting super-linter within a GitHub Action to accept my recent Python project import for a while now without success. I am using <code>py3langid</code> to detect English language in a pretty basic Caesar Cipher implementation.</p> <p>The linting error is:</p> <pre><code>PYTHON_PYLINT 2024-07-20...
<python><python-3.x><github-actions><super-linter>
2024-07-20 21:45:48
1
925
PumpkinBreath
78,773,889
11,443,551
TRL SFTTrainer clarification on truncation
<p>I am currently finetuning LLama models using SFTTrainer in huggingface. However, I came up with a question, I can not answer through the documentations (atleast, it is a bit ambigious).</p> <p>My dataset contains samples from 20 tokens to 5k tokens.</p> <p>Currently I am using a <code>max_seq_length=512,</code> and ...
<python><large-language-model><huggingface><llama>
2024-07-20 20:46:23
0
369
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
78,773,843
893,254
How to handle external dependencies like datetime.now() in FastAPI tests?
<p>I have some existing FastAPI tests which no longer pass, because some internal server logic has changed such that there is now a dependency on a value returned by <code>datetime.now()</code>.</p> <p>This is an external dependency. Normally to handle external dependencies, we would write a mock implementation of the ...
<python><python-3.x><fastapi>
2024-07-20 20:24:24
1
18,579
user2138149
78,773,780
1,179,689
BrokenPipeError when using python print with gdb
<p>I am trying to run an application in Linux and generate the input with Python:</p> <pre><code>python3 -c 'print(&quot;.....&quot;)' | ./someapp </code></pre> <p>but getting the next error:</p> <pre><code>Exception ignored in: &lt;_io.TextIOWrapper name='&lt;stdout&gt;' mode='w' encoding='utf-8'&gt; BrokenPipeError: ...
<python>
2024-07-20 19:56:58
1
2,708
yehudahs
78,773,489
11,748,924
Combine three trained binary classification models into single multiclassification model in keras
<p>I have three trained binary classification models, they are trained with <strong>sigmoid</strong> activation at output layer.</p> <ol> <li>First model returning probability scalar from 0 to 1 to check whether image is number <strong>ZERO</strong> or not.</li> <li>Second model returning probability scalar from 0 to 1...
<python><tensorflow><machine-learning><keras><deep-learning>
2024-07-20 17:44:05
1
1,252
Muhammad Ikhwan Perwira
78,773,339
2,612,259
Is there a way to keep the context of a context manager local to the as block?
<p>I am trying to find a way to avoid having to create a bunch of names for some functions that I pass into another function. I realize that if the functions were just simple expressions then I could just pass in lambdas and avoid creating named functions, but in many cases they are longer functions needing statements...
<python>
2024-07-20 16:37:47
1
16,822
nPn
78,773,176
11,626,909
How to ignore or bypass instances that result in NoneType non-iterable object
<p>I am trying to parse a section from 10K in Edgar database, when I run the following code,</p> <pre><code># pip install edgartools import pandas as pd from edgar import * # Tell the SEC who you are set_identity(&quot;Your Name youremail@outlook.com&quot;) filings2 = get_filings(form='10-K', amendments=False, filing...
<python><edgar>
2024-07-20 15:32:29
1
401
Sharif
78,773,065
4,701,426
Lists in pandas dataframe cells
<p>If we have a (part of a bigger) dataframe that shows what states individuals (rows) visited in a trip:</p> <pre><code>df = pd.DataFrame({'states_visited': [['NY', 'CA'], 'CA', 'CA']}, index = ['John', 'Mary', 'Joe']) states_visited John [NY, CA] Mary CA Joe CA </code></pre> <p>Because the <code>st...
<python><pandas>
2024-07-20 14:45:42
2
2,151
Saeed
78,773,026
1,391,441
Hide warnings and/or errors when importing Keras
<p>My script imports the following <a href="https://keras.io/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Keras</a> modules:</p> <pre><code>from keras.models import Sequential from keras.layers import Dense, Input from keras.utils import to_categorical </code></pre> <p>and every time the same warnings/errors are shown:</p> <pre><code>2...
<python><tensorflow><keras>
2024-07-20 14:27:59
1
42,941
Gabriel
78,772,912
21,376,217
Why does `ssl.SSLContext.wrap_socket` cause socket to close?
<p>I found some &quot;strange&quot; phenomena when using Python for network programming.</p> <p>After constructing the SSL context and obtaining the SSL socket, the original socket will be automatically closed. Why is this? Is there any need to do this?</p> <p>Just like the following code:</p> <p>main.py</p> <pre class...
<python><sockets><ssl>
2024-07-20 13:36:21
1
402
S-N
78,772,897
3,225,420
How to store nested lists in Postgres?
<p>How can I store nested lists in <code>Postgres</code> in way that's easy to use them in my <code>Python</code> program later?</p> <p>I plan to write the lists to the database once and reuse them many times. I've been able to store the nested lists as a <code>string</code> but it's not optimal, I'm trying to accompl...
<python><postgresql><nested-lists>
2024-07-20 13:28:38
1
1,689
Python_Learner
78,772,795
6,657,842
What is the Python code to check all the GenerativeAI models supported by Google Gemini?
<p>Being new to <strong>GenerativeAI</strong> world, I am trying to load a pre-trained text generation model and doing some stuff which is not working. This is how I load the <strong>GenerativeAI</strong> model.</p> <pre><code>from vertexai.generative_models import GenerativeModel generation_model = GenerativeModel(&qu...
<python><google-cloud-platform><google-gemini><google-generativeai>
2024-07-20 12:43:31
3
2,025
RLD
78,772,666
3,107,798
How to start consuming messages from specific offset using Confluent Kafka Python consumer
<p>Using the <a href="https://docs.confluent.io/platform/current/clients/confluent-kafka-python/html/index.html#pythonclient-consumer" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Confluent Kafka Python consumer</a>, how do I start consuming from a specific offset? At first I was going use the <a href="https://docs.confluent.io/platform/...
<python><apache-kafka><confluent-kafka-python>
2024-07-20 11:51:12
1
11,245
jjbskir
78,772,435
4,447,899
The AWS SAM common layer can't find the modules
<p>I have the follow directory structure:</p> <pre><code>common =&gt; __init__.py common.py customer =&gt; app.py template.yaml </code></pre> <p>My template looks like this:</p> <pre><code>AWSTemplateFormatVersion: '2010-09-09' Transform: 'AWS::Serverless-2016-10-31' Resources: CommonLayer...
<python><aws-lambda><aws-sam><aws-sam-cli>
2024-07-20 10:00:37
0
342
user4447899
78,772,431
13,562,186
Load 2 Tkinter windows simultaneously. one with animation
<p>The following script runs standalone to run a scenario:</p> <p>The results are printed first, followed by the plot is closed with an animation.</p> <pre><code>import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import tkinter as tk from tkinter import ttk from matplotlib.animation import FuncAnimation def run_model(...
<python><matplotlib><tkinter><tkinter-canvas><matplotlib-animation>
2024-07-20 09:59:10
1
927
Nick
78,771,991
17,947,699
How to add value to mood in an mp3 file via mutagen (Python)?
<p>I couldn't find a way to write mood to an mp3 file via mutagen (Python library)</p> <p>Initializing:</p> <pre><code>from mutagen.mp3 import MP3 from mutagen.id3 import ID3, TIT2, TALB, TPE1, TPE2, TCON, TPUB, TENC, TIT3, APIC, WOAR, PRIV audio = MP3(mp3_file, ID3=ID3) </code></pre> <p>I could write the subtitle usin...
<python><python-3.x><mp3><id3><mutagen>
2024-07-20 06:13:26
0
374
Parijat Softwares
78,771,514
395,857
How can I export all submission attachments with the OpenReview API?
<p>I have access to the program chairs console of a venue in OpenReview. I followed <a href="https://docs.openreview.net/how-to-guides/data-retrieval-and-modification/how-to-export-all-submission-attachments" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://docs.openreview.net/how-to-guides/data-retrieval-and-modification/how-to-expo...
<python><download><openreview>
2024-07-19 23:59:11
0
84,585
Franck Dernoncourt
78,771,443
9,779,026
Maximizing sum of And()ed BoolVars in Python ortools
<p>Given a set of cards, I have a list of combos that each involve one or more of these cards. I want to find a subset of these cards of a fixed size (<code>DECKSIZE</code>), that optimizes the number of combos that can be played using the chosen cards (the number of combos that include only the chosen cards is maximiz...
<python><optimization><or-tools><cp-sat>
2024-07-19 23:09:32
1
1,437
2080
78,771,249
3,486,684
Given a type `ScalarOrList` defined `ScalarOrList[T] = T | list[T]`, static check refuses `input: list[str]` for `arg: ScalarOrList[str | int]`?
<p>I had:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>from typing import Optional type ScalarOrList[T] = T | list[T] def as_list[T](xs: Optional[ScalarOrList[T]], length: int = 1) -&gt; list[T]: if isinstance(xs, Sequence) and not isinstance(xs, str): return list(x for x in xs) elif xs is not...
<python><python-typing><pyright>
2024-07-19 21:20:30
1
4,654
bzm3r
78,771,213
3,826,115
Downloading from THREDDS Data Server fails when running in parallel, but works when running in series
<p>I am attempting to download/subset a list of gridded parameters from the UCAR THREDDS servers.</p> <p>Here is how I am setting things up:</p> <pre><code>import pandas as pd import xarray as xr import concurrent.futures from functools import partial from tqdm import tqdm from siphon.catalog import TDSCatalog bounds ...
<python><thredds><python-siphon>
2024-07-19 21:04:08
1
1,533
hm8
78,770,947
12,027,869
Map Dataframe Column Values Based on Two Dictionaries Conditionally
<p>I have a dataframe <code>df_test</code>. I want to map the column <code>color</code> conditionally:</p> <ul> <li>if <code>category</code> is <code>'tv</code>', then map using the <code>tv_map</code> dictionary</li> <li>else map using the <code>radio_map</code> dictionary</li> </ul> <p>I could split <code>df_test</co...
<python><pandas>
2024-07-19 19:27:42
2
737
shsh
78,770,943
8,479,386
Banner is not displaying at the top and css is not working
<p>I have html like following, in my Django project</p> <pre><code>&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt; {% load static %} &lt;html lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt; &lt;head&gt; &lt;meta charset=&quot;UTF-8&quot;&gt; &lt;meta name=&quot;viewport&quot; content=&quot;width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0&quot;&gt; &lt;title&gt;Index ...
<javascript><python><html><css><django>
2024-07-19 19:26:53
2
866
Karan
78,770,897
1,788,771
Filtered reverse of a one to many relation in Django
<p>I have a model called <code>Item</code> and another called <code>ItemSynonym</code> with a one to many relation like so:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>from django.db import models from django.conf import settings from project.utils.models import UUIDModel class Item(UUIDModel): name = mo...
<python><django><django-models><orm>
2024-07-19 19:10:43
1
4,107
kaan_atakan
78,770,569
13,849,446
Converting pigpio code to Gpiod library python
<p>I have the following code of <a href="https://abyz.me.uk/rpi/pigpio/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">pigpio</a> library and I have to convert it's functionality using <a href="https://pypi.org/project/gpiod/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">gpiod</a> library. Where pigpio has a good documentation I can understand the working o...
<python><python-3.x><libgpiod><pigpio><gpiod>
2024-07-19 17:23:06
0
1,146
farhan jatt
78,770,408
5,431,734
cannot create a storer when reading an hdf5 filre with `dd.read_hdf`
<p>I want to use a dask dataframe to load a pandas dataframe using the <code>dd.read_hdf()</code> method. I create a very basic pandas dataframe, then I separate the values from column headers and index and I save them in an hdf5 file. I can read the hdf5 file and recreate the orinal dataframe, that loos ok</p> <p>I ca...
<python><dask>
2024-07-19 16:35:54
0
3,725
Aenaon
78,770,327
8,507,034
Read/Write pipeline in pandas
<p>I'm building a simple pipeline to pull a dataset from a database and write it to a csv so that I can access the data more quickly in the future.</p> <p>Currently, I have this:</p> <pre><code># data loading as a pipeline # ingests and writes batches of CHUNK_SIZE CHUNK_SIZE = 10_000 data_loader = pd.read_sql(sql=SQL,...
<python><pandas><parallel-processing><file-io><export-to-csv>
2024-07-19 16:15:15
1
315
Jred
78,770,307
1,833,218
sharex and imshow do not produce plots of the same width
<p><strong>Context:</strong> I have the x,y and x,z projection of an image. I want the two images to be stacked vertically sharing the same width.</p> <p><strong>My trial:</strong> I tried the following:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt N1, N2 = 256...
<python><numpy><matplotlib>
2024-07-19 16:09:55
2
2,317
Antonio Ragagnin
78,770,272
12,553,917
Redirecting python script's stdin to fifo results in RuntimeError: input(): lost sys.stdin
<p>I have this python script that's meant to function as a server which reads commands from stdin which is redirected to a fifo:</p> <p>test.py:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>while True: try: line = input() except EOFError: break print(f'Received: {line}') </code></pre...
<python><bash><mingw><fifo><mkfifo>
2024-07-19 16:00:49
0
776
Verpous
78,770,245
6,618,289
shiboken6: constexpr variable must be initialized by a constant expression
<p>I am trying to build some python wrappers using shiboken6 and Pyside6. I have managed to get the code compiling on a single machine, but now that I migrated the code to a build server, I am getting a compile error from within the shiboken compiler:</p> <blockquote> <p>QtCore/qplugin.h(146,33): error G3F63BFAE: const...
<python><c++><qt><pyside6>
2024-07-19 15:53:15
1
925
meetaig
78,770,236
4,538,529
Calling python "concurrent.futures" multiprocessing from C# opens multiple winform instances of the application
<ul> <li>pythonnet by Python.Runtime 3.0.3 (Installed the winform application in Visual Studio 2022)</li> <li>adfuller_test.py (This is my python script file)</li> </ul> <hr /> <p>I am calling python code from a winform application which works great normally.</p> <p>The problem that I encounter now is that when I now t...
<python><c#><winforms><concurrent.futures><python.net>
2024-07-19 15:49:23
0
1,295
Andreas
78,770,228
6,328,506
Ensuring at least one required field in a TypedDict in Python
<p>Giving the following code:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>from typing_extensions import NotRequired, TypedDict, Unpack class LoginParams(TypedDict): url: NotRequired[str] username: NotRequired[str] password: NotRequired[str] api_key: NotRequired[str] def do_login(**kwargs: Unpa...
<python><python-typing>
2024-07-19 15:47:24
0
416
Kafka4PresidentNow
78,770,134
7,380,827
Why is the 'limit' limit of maximum recursion depth in python 2**32 / 2 - 31?
<p>In Python, some programs create the error <code>RecursionError: maximum recursion depth exceeded in comparison</code> or similar.</p> <p>This is because there is a limit set for how deep the recursion can be nested.</p> <p>To get the current value for maximum recursion depth, use</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-...
<python><recursion>
2024-07-19 15:21:02
1
534
Twistios_Player
78,770,117
8,964,393
How to calculate the Relative Strength Index (RSI) through record iterations in pandas dataframe
<p>I have created a pandas dataframe as follows:</p> <pre><code>import pandas as pd import numpy as np ds = { 'trend' : [1,1,1,1,2,2,3,3,3,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,4], 'price' : [23,43,56,21,43,55,54,32,9,12,11,12,23,3,2,1,1]} df = pd.DataFrame(data=ds) </code></pre> <p>The dataframe looks as follows:</p> <pre><code>display...
<python><pandas><dataframe><loops><iterator>
2024-07-19 15:17:30
2
1,762
Giampaolo Levorato
78,770,116
2,132,593
Limit Horizontal Scrolling in Dash DataTable with multi-level header (no Extra Blank Space)
<p>I'm building a Dash app using Plotly that displays two tables <code>dash_table.DataTable</code> with many columns. The first table has multi-level header.</p> <p>The first columns of each table are fixed and horizontal scrolling is enabled for the remaining columns.</p> <p>I'm experiencing an issue when scrolling ho...
<python><css><plotly-dash>
2024-07-19 15:17:28
1
1,964
Giacomo
78,770,111
1,304,376
better way of initializing python object method variables with object variable values if not passed in
<p>I have many object methods where I can pass in values, but want to be able to default them to the object variable if not passed. Something like this example that I came up to illustrate what I want to do:</p> <pre><code>from datetime import datetime class Appointment : def __init__(self, resource, startTime:dateti...
<python>
2024-07-19 15:16:14
1
1,676
Ching Liu
78,770,014
188,331
How to use HuggingFace's run_translation.py script to train a translation from scratch?
<p>I tried various HuggingFace scripts to build language models, such as <code>run_mlm.py</code> (<a href="https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/main/examples/pytorch/language-modeling/run_mlm.py" rel="nofollow noreferrer">link</a>), <code>run_clm.py</code> (<a href="https://github.com/huggingface/transforme...
<python><huggingface-transformers>
2024-07-19 14:53:00
1
54,395
Raptor
78,769,948
5,189,215
Slow __repr__ calculation for one of Python classes slows down the jupyter notebook debugger in VSCode
<p>I am trying to debug some code in VSCode Jupyter Notebook. I get the following warning:</p> <pre><code>pydevd warning: Computing repr of Out (dict) was slow (took 6.62s) Customize report timeout by setting the `PYDEVD_WARN_SLOW_RESOLVE_TIMEOUT` environment variable to a higher timeout (default is: 0.5s) </code></pre...
<python><visual-studio-code>
2024-07-19 14:35:24
0
1,102
Maksim Gayduk
78,769,892
5,188,353
Wrong greeks (delta, vega, ...) results when requesting data using reqMktData
<p>I am using the native library ibapi (Interactive Brokers). I have the following code:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code> from ibapi.client import EClient from ibapi.wrapper import EWrapper from ibapi.contract import Contract import threading import time class TradingApp(EWra...
<python><algorithmic-trading><interactive-brokers><ib-api>
2024-07-19 14:21:39
1
675
clex
78,769,876
4,701,426
Filtering a pandas series consisting of lists and NaN values if the elements contain a string
<p>Let's consider this dataframe:</p> <pre><code>temp = pd.DataFrame({'x': [['ab', 'bc'], ['hg'], np.nan]}) temp x 0 [ab, bc] 1 [hg] 2 NaN </code></pre> <p>I'd like to create a new column called <code>dummy</code> that takes the value of 1 if a row contains letter 'a' in any of its elements, value of 0 if it...
<python><pandas>
2024-07-19 14:18:19
1
2,151
Saeed
78,769,837
7,206,559
How do I compose or chain multiple function in Python
<p>When writing a program, I often want to perform a series of steps on a piece of data (usually a list or string). For example I might want to call a function which returns a string, convert it to a list, map over the list, and then reduce to get a final result.</p> <p>In programming languages I've used in the past, I...
<python><python-3.x><method-chaining><function-composition>
2024-07-19 14:10:07
2
899
David Moneysmith
78,769,769
1,484,601
python typing TypeVar: understanding unbound error
<p>I do not understand error like</p> <blockquote> <p>Type variable &quot;T&quot; is unbound</p> </blockquote> <p>Here a concrete example:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>from typing import Dict, Type, Callable, TypeVar class Sup: ... class A(Sup): ... class B(Sup): ... def get_A(a: A) -&gt; int: ...
<python><python-typing><type-variables>
2024-07-19 13:55:30
1
4,521
Vince
78,769,759
6,128,612
Jupyter notebook lost syntax highlithing
<p>After creating environments (ubuntu VM) Jupyter Notebook lost highlighting of code syntax for some reason. Highlighting is now unavailable for all environments. How to fix that? Below you can see my language syntax highlighting is grayed out and below how my code looks right now.</p> <p><a href="https://i.sstatic.ne...
<python><jupyter-notebook>
2024-07-19 13:53:40
0
343
Alexandros
78,769,746
200,783
Why does mypy give an error: Generator has incompatible item type "Sequence[str]"?
<p>I've used mypy to type-check <code>rbast.py</code> from <a href="https://medium.com/workpath-thewaywework/learning-ruby-2-things-i-like-2-things-i-miss-from-python-6f60af8ed16c" rel="nofollow noreferrer">this post</a>:</p> <p><a href="https://mypy-play.net/?mypy=latest&amp;python=3.12&amp;gist=19931c644949c29b715b79...
<python><mypy>
2024-07-19 13:50:52
1
14,493
user200783
78,769,678
3,932,263
VSCode autosuggest python imports without relying on Intellisense
<p>This is explicitly about not using pylance/intellisense because it is broken sometimes, and would be easier to fix through text matching by identifying common names with hardcoded import statements.</p> <p>I am using objects like AutoModel from the transformers and frequently come across objects that the auto-import...
<python><visual-studio-code><python-import><intellisense>
2024-07-19 13:35:48
1
1,399
Maximilian Mordig
78,769,542
1,484,601
Type hints for a callable taking a subclass type as argument
<p><code>A</code> and <code>B</code> are sub-classes of <code>Sup</code>. These functions are defined:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>def get_A_report(a: A) -&gt; int def get_B_report(b: B) -&gt; int </code></pre> <p>What are the correct typing hints for <code>f</code>?</p> <pre class="lang-py pre...
<python><python-typing>
2024-07-19 13:08:28
0
4,521
Vince
78,768,949
1,818,935
A seemingly stopped HTTP service continues to work
<p>I wrote a python function, detailed <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/78768222/1818935">in another post</a>, which communicates with an HTTP-based <a href="https://rumbledb.org/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">RumbleDB</a> server, running on my local machine, in order to evaluate <a href="https://www.jsoniq.org/" rel=...
<python><windows><apache-spark><http><git-bash>
2024-07-19 10:47:20
1
6,053
Evan Aad
78,768,907
2,107,030
split pandas datafram based on given row string
<p>I have a text file with a data set of the form</p> <pre><code>Line 1 Line 2 ! 1.01499999 0.504999995 6.19969398E-7 5.38933136E-7 1.35450875E-6 1.74000001 0.220000029 7.92876381E-6 4.1831604E-6 6.61433387E-6 2.10750008 0.147500038 2.06282803E-5 9.86384475E-6 9.99511121E-6 2.54500008 0.289999962 1.9321451E-5 9.412...
<python><pandas><dataframe><split>
2024-07-19 10:37:40
1
2,166
Py-ser
78,768,827
240,443
A local variable seemingly breaking scope in Django
<p>I have introduced this function in a file <code>storage.py</code> that is imported from <code>models.py</code>:</p> <pre><code>def uuid_file_name(kind): def file_name(instance, filename): h = str(uuid.uuid4()) basename, ext = os.path.splitext(filename) return os.path.join(f'{kind}_files',...
<python><django><scope>
2024-07-19 10:19:35
0
199,494
Amadan
78,768,753
13,942,929
Cython - How do we implement Tuple of Object in Cython?
<p>I want to implement tuple of object in my cython project. I couldn't find a way to implement in <code>.pyx</code> file so that I can use it in python.</p> <p>You can check my <code>get_language</code> method for some reference.</p> <p>And please help me with my <code>get_value</code> method which has <code>tuple of ...
<python><c++><cython><cythonize>
2024-07-19 10:04:49
1
3,779
Punreach Rany
78,768,062
9,097,114
Isuues with pyinstaller (Module Not found)
<p>I have created a Python (.PY) file thatuses the Tkinter package inside it and executes perfectly in Spyder.</p> <p>Now I am trying to convert it to .EXE file using pyinstaller package, once I convert tried to run and got the below error:</p> <p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/FyaoN74V.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><...
<python><python-3.x><tkinter>
2024-07-19 07:26:03
1
523
san1
78,767,993
11,756,186
Shift part of row in dataframe to new row
<p>I have a dataframe (pandas) that I want to transform for displaying purposes. Therefore I want to shift some parts of the dataframe to new rows like below :</p> <pre><code> col1 col2 col_to_shift col_not_to_shift1 col_not_to_shift2 0 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 1 b1 b2 Na...
<python><pandas><dataframe>
2024-07-19 07:09:24
4
681
Arthur
78,767,971
9,879,534
Why does `timezone` not work in `sqlmodel`?
<p>I'm using <code>sqlmodel</code> to do sql-orm. I learned from <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/75350395/how-should-we-manage-datetime-fields-in-sqlmodel-in-python">this page</a> and <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/sqlmodel/issues/370" rel="nofollow noreferrer">this page</a>, but both failed, the tim...
<python><sqlmodel>
2024-07-19 07:04:09
1
365
Chuang Men