relai-ai/albumentations-standard · Datasets at Hugging Face

Question stringlengths 56 233	Response stringlengths 1 313 ⌀
What is the default interpolation method for the Rotate transformation in Albumentations?	cv2.INTER_LINEAR
What is the default value for the hole_width_range parameter in the document?	[0.1,0.2]
What is the default probability of applying the OverlayElements transformation in the albumentations library?	0.5
What parameter in Albumentations controls the probability of applying a transform, and what is its behavior when set to 1.0 in version 14.8k1.7k?	The parameter is `p`. When set to 1.0, the transform is always applied.
What parameter determines whether padding is applied when cropping an image in the Albumentations library?	Pad If Needed
What parameter is essential for defining the format of keypoints' coordinates when using the `Compose` function in Albumentations version 14.8k1.7k?	keypoint_params
Which Albumentations transformation applies an embossing effect, and what should be noted about its transform parameters?	Emboss. Note: Transform parameters are image size-dependent.
What is the primary difference between A.Compose and A.Sequential in albumentations?	`A.Compose` always executes and iterates through its transforms, allowing each to activate based on their individual `p` values. `A.Sequential` applies all its transforms as a block with a single probability `p`, either executing all or none.
What does the `get_params_dependent_on_data` method return if the expected external image key is missing, according to the Albumentations example?	{"resized_external_image": None}
Which 2D transformation in the Albumentations library, version 14.8k1.7k, is not supported for 'BBoxes' and 'Keypoints' but is supported for 'Image' and 'Mask'?	OverlayElements
What is the key difference between the `Compose` and `Sequential` methods in Albumentations for version 3.3, in terms of probability application?	`Compose` applies each transform independently based on their own probabilities, while `Sequential` applies all transforms together based on a single probability for the whole sequence.
Which specific targets can Albumentations' transforms be applied to when working with version 14.8k1.7k?	Images, masks, bounding boxes, keypoints.
What parameter differences exist between TorchVision and Albumentations for RandomResizedCrop, specifically in terms of the input size specification?	TorchVision accepts a single int for a square output size; Albumentations requires a (height, width) tuple.
In Albumentations, what kind of simulation does the Spatter transform apply to an image?	Rain or mud.
Which parameter in the CropAndPad transform of Albumentations decides if the image size should be maintained after transformation?	Keep Size
In the context of albumentations, version 1.0.0, which composition utility applies its contained transforms only to specific channels of an image?	SelectiveChannelTransform
What transformation technique models photon counting as a Poisson process in the current version of Albumentations?	ShotNoise
In the context of RandomCrop in the Albumentations library, what are the available options for the Pad Position parameter?	center, top_left, top_right, bottom_left, bottom_right, random
What is the default value for the "Pad If Needed" parameter in the RandomCrop transform of the Albumentations library?	False
What is the main purpose of the RGBShift transform in Albumentations?	Randomly shift values for each channel of the input RGB image.
In the CoarseDropout class of the Albumentations library, what parameter is used to specify the fill method for the dropped pixels, and name one specific method available for that parameter?	fill, inpaint_telea
What border mode option would you choose in the Rotate transform to repeat the edge pixels of an image in Albumentations?	cv2.BORDER_REPLICATE
What factors affect the outcome of the RandomCrop transform in the Albumentations library?	Image size, height, width, pad if needed, pad position, border mode, fill, fill mask.
What interpolation method does the Rotate transform in Albumentations default to if not specified?	cv2.INTER_LINEAR
In the CoarseDropout class of the Albumentations library, what is the default range for the number of rectangular regions to drop out from an image?	(1, 2)
What technique does the "Erasing" transformation in Albumentations utilize to manipulate images?	Random Erasing Data Augmentation technique.
What specific image characteristics are necessary to ensure accurate application of the Fancy PCA transformation in the Albumentations library?	Image size-dependent parameters.
What inpainting method is used by default in the function that clears regions for rendering text on images?	cv2.INPAINT_TELEA
What inpainting methods can be applied using the `apply_inpainting` function in Albumentations version 14.8?	inpaint_telea, inpaint_ns
What type of random number generator is specified for reproducibility in the function that deletes random words from a list?	random.Random
Which dropout technique in Albumentations version 14.8 is designed to obscure entire regions of an image based on grid patterns?	grid_dropout
What happens if the `strict` parameter is set to `True` and a transform is called with an unsupported argument in Albumentations?	Raises a `ValueError`.
What normalization technique in albumentations version is recommended for preparing images for neural network input using ImageNet mean and standard deviation values?	Normalize with "standard" normalization
In the context of Albumentations, what determines whether any transform within a `OneOf` block is applied and how is the specific transform chosen if the block is applied?	The `p` parameter of the `OneOf` block determines if any transform within it is applied. If the block is applied, the specific transform is chosen randomly based on their individual `p` values, which are normalized within the `OneOf` block.
What are the default mean and standard deviation values for standard normalization in albumentations?	(0.485, 0.456, 0.406), (0.229, 0.224, 0.225)
What parameter in `A.Compose` must be defined to handle bounding box class labels in Albumentations version 14.8k?	`bbox_params`
For standard normalization in Albumentations, what are the default ImageNet mean values?	(0.485, 0.456, 0.406)
Which advanced feature in Albumentations version 14.8k1.7k allows for the use of multiple target types within a single transform?	Using Additional Targets
What data type must be provided as a keyword argument when defining and calling a pipeline in Albumentations version 14.8k?	`image`
What normalization technique in Albumentations scales each channel of an image's pixel values to a [0, 1] range based on the per-channel minimum and maximum pixel values?	min_max_per_channel
What type of augmentation technique in Albumentations enhances volumetric data for 3D models?	Volumetric (3D) Augmentation
What parameter in the PixelDropout class in albumentations version 14.8k determines whether the dropout mask is applied independently for each channel?	per_channel
Which image transformation framework offers the 'inpaint_telea' option for randomly erasing image regions?	Albumentations
What is the recommended maximum value for the beta_limit parameter in Fourier Domain Adaptation to avoid introducing artifacts?	0.3
What parameter determines whether a `OneOf` transform block in the Albumentations library is executed or not?	p
What feature of Albumentations, as of version 14.8, allows you to consistently apply image transformations across related data types like masks and bounding boxes?	Using Additional Targets
What is the default probability of applying the PixelDropout transform in albumentations version 14.8k?	0.5
What range of bits is recommended for posterization in Albumentations to achieve actual posterization effects?	1-7
What concept in Albumentations, version 14.8, chains multiple individual augmentation operations together to be applied collectively?	Compose
What happens if the calculated standard deviation for image normalization is less than 1e-6 in the given algorithm?	The standard deviation is set to 1e-6 to avoid division by zero.
What critical factor must be preserved during data augmentation to ensure the core meaning or category of the data remains unchanged?	Label-preserving transformations
In the context of applying the normalization method to batches of images, what shape must the `mean` and `std` arrays be reshaped to for correct broadcasting when images have four dimensions?	(1, 1, C)
What data type is required for the output of the "ToFloat" transformation in the Albumentations library?	float32
How is padding specified for the Pad3D transformation in the current version of Albumentations?	int, tuple[int, int, int], or tuple[int, int, int, int, int, int]
What is the effect of setting the `max_value` parameter to `None` when using the "ToFloat" transformation in the Albumentations library?	The transform infers the maximum value based on the input image's data type.
What are the supported interpolation methods for applying optical distortion in the current version of Albumentations?	cv2.INTER_LINEAR, cv2.INTER_NEAREST, cv2.INTER_CUBIC, cv2.INTER_AREA, cv2.INTER_LANCZOS4
What happens to bounding boxes with an aspect ratio greater than the specified maximum allowed ratio in the defined bounding box processing parameters?	Filtered out.
In the context of bounding box processing parameters, what is the effect of setting the "clip" option to True before applying any transform?	Clips bounding boxes to image boundaries.
In the context of the PadIfNeeded3D transform in albumentations, what is the default value for the parameter that determines the position where the volume is placed after padding?	center
What does the beta parameter control in the AdvancedBlur augmentation for Albumentations?	Shape parameter of the Generalized Gaussian distribution.
What does the AtLeastOneBBoxRandomCrop transformation ensure when cropping an area from an image?	Ensures at least one bounding box is present in the crop.
What transformation in Albumentations applies a Generalized Gaussian blur with randomized parameters for advanced data augmentation?	AdvancedBlur
Which parameter in the AdvancedBlur class controls the range of angles for rotating the blur kernel?	rotate_limit
What is the default fill value for the parameter that fills the border voxels for masks in the PadIfNeeded3D transform in albumentations?	0
What error is triggered when trying to apply certain transformations to a multi-spectral image using albumentations functions, version 14.8k1.7k?	ValueError
What is required when configuring bounding boxes in Albumentations to ensure that class labels are correctly associated with them?	Configure the format and specify label association using `bbox_params` with `label_fields`.
What advantage does `A.SquareSymmetry` offer when used for data invariant to axis-aligned flips and rotations in albumentations?	Exact transformations without interpolation artifacts.
What parameter in the Albumentations RandomCrop transform specifies where padding is applied if needed?	Pad Position
What transformation resizes an image so that the longest side is equal to a specific dimension, using methods like cv2.INTER_LINEAR and cv2.INTER_NEAREST?	LongestMaxSize
What parameter in the Albumentations RandomCrop transform specifies the method used to address image borders?	Border Mode
What transformation simulates high ISO camera sensor noise on images, according to albumentations?	ISONoise
For the Albumentations function "Lambda," what is the default probability of applying the transform to the specified targets?	1.0
In the albumentations PadIfNeeded transformation, what determines the positioning of the padding on an image?	Positioning of the padding is determined by the "Position" parameter (e.g., center, top_left, top_right, bottom_left, bottom_right, random).
What is the required characteristic of the kernel size in the `MedianBlur` transform from albumentations?	Odd and greater than 1.
What does the `strict` parameter control when using `albumentations.Compose` in version 1.0, and what is its default setting?	The `strict` parameter controls strict validation mode, checking for unrecognized keyword arguments and ensuring transformations are called with supported arguments. The default setting is `False`.
For the HorizontalFlip transform in Albumentations, what axis is used for flipping the input image?	y-axis
Which unique feature of Albumentations allows it to handle images, segmentation masks, bounding boxes, and keypoints consistently in any augmentation pipeline?	Task Agnostic
What effect does the ISONoise transform have on an image in terms of simulating camera settings in albumentations?	Simulates high ISO settings by adding camera sensor noise.
What Border Mode in the Crop transform of Albumentations is used to replicate the pixel values along the image border?	cv2.BORDER_REPLICATE
In Albumentations, what parameter of `A.Compose` allows for resetting internal random state generators to ensure reproducible results?	seed
What specific axis is used when applying the HorizontalFlip transform in albumentations?	y-axis
In the context of Albumentations, which parameter of `A.OneOf` determines the probability of applying any transform within it?	p
What color space is used in the snow bleaching effect to modify the lightness channel?	HLS
What parameter in Albumentations' PlanckianJitter allows for choosing between 'uniform' or 'gaussian' sampling methods?	sampling_method
What is the default probability value for RandomJPEG in Kornia's augmentation library?	1.0
What image transformation action is performed by the VerticalFlip function in Albumentations?	Flip the input vertically around the x-axis.
What parameter in XYMasking dictates how many masking strips are applied vertically to an image?	Num Masks Y
What is the purpose of the 'RandomToneCurve' transformation in Albumentations, and how does it affect an image?	RandomToneCurve randomly changes the relationship between bright and dark areas of an image by manipulating its tone curve.
What is the default type for the "pad_if_needed" parameter in CenterCrop according to the current Albumentations functions?	false
What does the PlasmaBrightnessContrast transform primarily modify in an image according to the Albumentations library?	Brightness and contrast.
What format must you specify in A.Compose to ensure that bounding box coordinates and class labels are handled correctly in Albumentations?	`bbox_params` with `format` and `label_fields`.
What OpenCV dependency is used by default when installing Albumentations to avoid GUI-related issues?	opencv-python-headless
When applying 3D transforms in Albumentations, how does a 2D spatial transform affect the slices in a single 3D volume?	The same parameters for the 2D transform are applied identically to every XY slice in the volume.
In the context of Albumentations, what is the range for the 'Scale' parameter when applying an affine transformation?	[0.5, 2]
What is the key distinction between the `Sequential` and `Compose` functions in Albumentations when it comes to their probability parameter behavior?	`Sequential` applies the whole sequence of transforms based on a single top-level probability `p`. If `Sequential`'s `p` fails, none of the transforms are applied. `Compose`, however, always iterates through its transforms, applying each based on their individual `p` values.
What is the correct format for image types supported by Albumentations, specifically in terms of data range for uint8 and float32 formats?	uint8: [0, 255]; float32: [0, 1]
What keyword must be defined in `A.Compose` to ensure spatial transformations are consistently applied to bounding boxes in Albumentations version 14.8k?	bbox_params
What condition must a bounding box meet to be removed when using the `MaskDropout` transformation in Albumentations version 14.8k?	Min area or min visibility criteria
What condition must be met when the `high` value is normalized in the `sample_odd_from_range` function according to the documentation?	high must be >= low
What method is used to model photon counting noise in the ShotNoise transformation in Albumentations?	Poisson process

What is the default interpolation method for the Rotate transformation in Albumentations?

cv2.INTER_LINEAR

What is the default value for the hole_width_range parameter in the document?

[0.1,0.2]

What is the default probability of applying the OverlayElements transformation in the albumentations library?

0.5

What parameter in Albumentations controls the probability of applying a transform, and what is its behavior when set to 1.0 in version 14.8k1.7k?

The parameter is `p`. When set to 1.0, the transform is always applied.

What parameter determines whether padding is applied when cropping an image in the Albumentations library?

Pad If Needed

What parameter is essential for defining the format of keypoints' coordinates when using the `Compose` function in Albumentations version 14.8k1.7k?

keypoint_params

Which Albumentations transformation applies an embossing effect, and what should be noted about its transform parameters?

Emboss. Note: Transform parameters are image size-dependent.

What is the primary difference between A.Compose and A.Sequential in albumentations?

`A.Compose` always executes and iterates through its transforms, allowing each to activate based on their individual `p` values. `A.Sequential` applies all its transforms as a block with a single probability `p`, either executing all or none.

What does the `get_params_dependent_on_data` method return if the expected external image key is missing, according to the Albumentations example?

{"resized_external_image": None}

Which 2D transformation in the Albumentations library, version 14.8k1.7k, is not supported for 'BBoxes' and 'Keypoints' but is supported for 'Image' and 'Mask'?

OverlayElements

What is the key difference between the `Compose` and `Sequential` methods in Albumentations for version 3.3, in terms of probability application?

`Compose` applies each transform independently based on their own probabilities, while `Sequential` applies all transforms together based on a single probability for the whole sequence.

Which specific targets can Albumentations' transforms be applied to when working with version 14.8k1.7k?

Images, masks, bounding boxes, keypoints.

What parameter differences exist between TorchVision and Albumentations for RandomResizedCrop, specifically in terms of the input size specification?

TorchVision accepts a single int for a square output size; Albumentations requires a (height, width) tuple.

In Albumentations, what kind of simulation does the Spatter transform apply to an image?

Rain or mud.

Which parameter in the CropAndPad transform of Albumentations decides if the image size should be maintained after transformation?

Keep Size

In the context of albumentations, version 1.0.0, which composition utility applies its contained transforms only to specific channels of an image?

SelectiveChannelTransform

What transformation technique models photon counting as a Poisson process in the current version of Albumentations?

ShotNoise

In the context of RandomCrop in the Albumentations library, what are the available options for the Pad Position parameter?

center, top_left, top_right, bottom_left, bottom_right, random

What is the default value for the "Pad If Needed" parameter in the RandomCrop transform of the Albumentations library?

False

What is the main purpose of the RGBShift transform in Albumentations?

Randomly shift values for each channel of the input RGB image.

In the CoarseDropout class of the Albumentations library, what parameter is used to specify the fill method for the dropped pixels, and name one specific method available for that parameter?

fill, inpaint_telea

What border mode option would you choose in the Rotate transform to repeat the edge pixels of an image in Albumentations?

cv2.BORDER_REPLICATE

What factors affect the outcome of the RandomCrop transform in the Albumentations library?

Image size, height, width, pad if needed, pad position, border mode, fill, fill mask.

What interpolation method does the Rotate transform in Albumentations default to if not specified?

cv2.INTER_LINEAR

In the CoarseDropout class of the Albumentations library, what is the default range for the number of rectangular regions to drop out from an image?

(1, 2)

What technique does the "Erasing" transformation in Albumentations utilize to manipulate images?

Random Erasing Data Augmentation technique.

What specific image characteristics are necessary to ensure accurate application of the Fancy PCA transformation in the Albumentations library?

Image size-dependent parameters.

What inpainting method is used by default in the function that clears regions for rendering text on images?

cv2.INPAINT_TELEA

What inpainting methods can be applied using the `apply_inpainting` function in Albumentations version 14.8?

inpaint_telea, inpaint_ns

What type of random number generator is specified for reproducibility in the function that deletes random words from a list?

random.Random

Which dropout technique in Albumentations version 14.8 is designed to obscure entire regions of an image based on grid patterns?

grid_dropout

What happens if the `strict` parameter is set to `True` and a transform is called with an unsupported argument in Albumentations?

Raises a `ValueError`.

What normalization technique in albumentations version is recommended for preparing images for neural network input using ImageNet mean and standard deviation values?

Normalize with "standard" normalization

In the context of Albumentations, what determines whether any transform within a `OneOf` block is applied and how is the specific transform chosen if the block is applied?

The `p` parameter of the `OneOf` block determines if any transform within it is applied. If the block is applied, the specific transform is chosen randomly based on their individual `p` values, which are normalized within the `OneOf` block.

What are the default mean and standard deviation values for standard normalization in albumentations?

(0.485, 0.456, 0.406), (0.229, 0.224, 0.225)

What parameter in `A.Compose` must be defined to handle bounding box class labels in Albumentations version 14.8k?

`bbox_params`

For standard normalization in Albumentations, what are the default ImageNet mean values?

(0.485, 0.456, 0.406)

Which advanced feature in Albumentations version 14.8k1.7k allows for the use of multiple target types within a single transform?

Using Additional Targets

What data type must be provided as a keyword argument when defining and calling a pipeline in Albumentations version 14.8k?

`image`

What normalization technique in Albumentations scales each channel of an image's pixel values to a [0, 1] range based on the per-channel minimum and maximum pixel values?

min_max_per_channel

What type of augmentation technique in Albumentations enhances volumetric data for 3D models?

Volumetric (3D) Augmentation

What parameter in the PixelDropout class in albumentations version 14.8k determines whether the dropout mask is applied independently for each channel?

per_channel

Which image transformation framework offers the 'inpaint_telea' option for randomly erasing image regions?

Albumentations

What is the recommended maximum value for the beta_limit parameter in Fourier Domain Adaptation to avoid introducing artifacts?

0.3

What parameter determines whether a `OneOf` transform block in the Albumentations library is executed or not?

p

What feature of Albumentations, as of version 14.8, allows you to consistently apply image transformations across related data types like masks and bounding boxes?

Using Additional Targets

What is the default probability of applying the PixelDropout transform in albumentations version 14.8k?

0.5

What range of bits is recommended for posterization in Albumentations to achieve actual posterization effects?

1-7

What concept in Albumentations, version 14.8, chains multiple individual augmentation operations together to be applied collectively?

Compose

What happens if the calculated standard deviation for image normalization is less than 1e-6 in the given algorithm?

The standard deviation is set to 1e-6 to avoid division by zero.

What critical factor must be preserved during data augmentation to ensure the core meaning or category of the data remains unchanged?

Label-preserving transformations

In the context of applying the normalization method to batches of images, what shape must the `mean` and `std` arrays be reshaped to for correct broadcasting when images have four dimensions?

(1, 1, C)

What data type is required for the output of the "ToFloat" transformation in the Albumentations library?

float32

How is padding specified for the Pad3D transformation in the current version of Albumentations?

int, tuple[int, int, int], or tuple[int, int, int, int, int, int]

What is the effect of setting the `max_value` parameter to `None` when using the "ToFloat" transformation in the Albumentations library?

The transform infers the maximum value based on the input image's data type.

What are the supported interpolation methods for applying optical distortion in the current version of Albumentations?

cv2.INTER_LINEAR, cv2.INTER_NEAREST, cv2.INTER_CUBIC, cv2.INTER_AREA, cv2.INTER_LANCZOS4

What happens to bounding boxes with an aspect ratio greater than the specified maximum allowed ratio in the defined bounding box processing parameters?

Filtered out.

In the context of bounding box processing parameters, what is the effect of setting the "clip" option to True before applying any transform?

Clips bounding boxes to image boundaries.

In the context of the PadIfNeeded3D transform in albumentations, what is the default value for the parameter that determines the position where the volume is placed after padding?

center

What does the beta parameter control in the AdvancedBlur augmentation for Albumentations?

Shape parameter of the Generalized Gaussian distribution.

What does the AtLeastOneBBoxRandomCrop transformation ensure when cropping an area from an image?

Ensures at least one bounding box is present in the crop.

What transformation in Albumentations applies a Generalized Gaussian blur with randomized parameters for advanced data augmentation?

AdvancedBlur

Which parameter in the AdvancedBlur class controls the range of angles for rotating the blur kernel?

rotate_limit

What is the default fill value for the parameter that fills the border voxels for masks in the PadIfNeeded3D transform in albumentations?

0

What error is triggered when trying to apply certain transformations to a multi-spectral image using albumentations functions, version 14.8k1.7k?

ValueError

What is required when configuring bounding boxes in Albumentations to ensure that class labels are correctly associated with them?

Configure the format and specify label association using `bbox_params` with `label_fields`.

What advantage does `A.SquareSymmetry` offer when used for data invariant to axis-aligned flips and rotations in albumentations?

Exact transformations without interpolation artifacts.

What parameter in the Albumentations RandomCrop transform specifies where padding is applied if needed?

Pad Position

What transformation resizes an image so that the longest side is equal to a specific dimension, using methods like cv2.INTER_LINEAR and cv2.INTER_NEAREST?

LongestMaxSize

What parameter in the Albumentations RandomCrop transform specifies the method used to address image borders?

Border Mode

What transformation simulates high ISO camera sensor noise on images, according to albumentations?

ISONoise

For the Albumentations function "Lambda," what is the default probability of applying the transform to the specified targets?

1.0

In the albumentations PadIfNeeded transformation, what determines the positioning of the padding on an image?

Positioning of the padding is determined by the "Position" parameter (e.g., center, top_left, top_right, bottom_left, bottom_right, random).

What is the required characteristic of the kernel size in the `MedianBlur` transform from albumentations?

Odd and greater than 1.

What does the `strict` parameter control when using `albumentations.Compose` in version 1.0, and what is its default setting?

The `strict` parameter controls strict validation mode, checking for unrecognized keyword arguments and ensuring transformations are called with supported arguments. The default setting is `False`.

For the HorizontalFlip transform in Albumentations, what axis is used for flipping the input image?

y-axis

Which unique feature of Albumentations allows it to handle images, segmentation masks, bounding boxes, and keypoints consistently in any augmentation pipeline?

Task Agnostic

What effect does the ISONoise transform have on an image in terms of simulating camera settings in albumentations?

Simulates high ISO settings by adding camera sensor noise.

What Border Mode in the Crop transform of Albumentations is used to replicate the pixel values along the image border?

cv2.BORDER_REPLICATE

In Albumentations, what parameter of `A.Compose` allows for resetting internal random state generators to ensure reproducible results?

seed

What specific axis is used when applying the HorizontalFlip transform in albumentations?

y-axis

In the context of Albumentations, which parameter of `A.OneOf` determines the probability of applying any transform within it?

p

What color space is used in the snow bleaching effect to modify the lightness channel?

HLS

What parameter in Albumentations' PlanckianJitter allows for choosing between 'uniform' or 'gaussian' sampling methods?

sampling_method

What is the default probability value for RandomJPEG in Kornia's augmentation library?

1.0

What image transformation action is performed by the VerticalFlip function in Albumentations?

Flip the input vertically around the x-axis.

What parameter in XYMasking dictates how many masking strips are applied vertically to an image?

Num Masks Y

What is the purpose of the 'RandomToneCurve' transformation in Albumentations, and how does it affect an image?

RandomToneCurve randomly changes the relationship between bright and dark areas of an image by manipulating its tone curve.

What is the default type for the "pad_if_needed" parameter in CenterCrop according to the current Albumentations functions?

false

What does the PlasmaBrightnessContrast transform primarily modify in an image according to the Albumentations library?

Brightness and contrast.

What format must you specify in A.Compose to ensure that bounding box coordinates and class labels are handled correctly in Albumentations?

`bbox_params` with `format` and `label_fields`.

What OpenCV dependency is used by default when installing Albumentations to avoid GUI-related issues?

opencv-python-headless

When applying 3D transforms in Albumentations, how does a 2D spatial transform affect the slices in a single 3D volume?

The same parameters for the 2D transform are applied identically to every XY slice in the volume.

In the context of Albumentations, what is the range for the 'Scale' parameter when applying an affine transformation?

[0.5, 2]

What is the key distinction between the `Sequential` and `Compose` functions in Albumentations when it comes to their probability parameter behavior?

`Sequential` applies the whole sequence of transforms based on a single top-level probability `p`. If `Sequential`'s `p` fails, none of the transforms are applied. `Compose`, however, always iterates through its transforms, applying each based on their individual `p` values.

What is the correct format for image types supported by Albumentations, specifically in terms of data range for uint8 and float32 formats?

uint8: [0, 255]; float32: [0, 1]

What keyword must be defined in `A.Compose` to ensure spatial transformations are consistently applied to bounding boxes in Albumentations version 14.8k?

bbox_params

What condition must a bounding box meet to be removed when using the `MaskDropout` transformation in Albumentations version 14.8k?

Min area or min visibility criteria

What condition must be met when the `high` value is normalized in the `sample_odd_from_range` function according to the documentation?

high must be >= low

What method is used to model photon counting noise in the ShotNoise transformation in Albumentations?

Poisson process