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Which optimizer in Keras 3 is specifically associated with the term "Loss Scale"?
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Loss Scale Optimizer
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What local variable is used in the Keras `TruePositives` class to track the number of true positives?
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true_positives
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In Keras 3, which model has the highest Top-1 accuracy among the Keras Applications?
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InceptionResNetV2
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What specific class in Keras 3 is responsible for terminating training when a NaN loss is encountered?
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`TerminateOnNaN`
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What environment variable can configure the number of processes for a distributed computation cluster in Keras?
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KERAS_DISTRIBUTION_NUM_PROCESSES
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In the context of Keras 3 API documentation, what is the default behavior for the `auto_shard_dataset` function?
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True
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In the context of Keras version 3, what does setting the `from_sorted_ids` parameter to `True` in the `SparseTopKCategoricalAccuracy` metric optimize for?
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Efficiency with large category sets.
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In keras, what argument does the `logspace` function lack support for when using the Torch backend?
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axis
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What argument must be configured to apply a penalty to the output of a custom layer in Keras?
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`activity_regularizer`
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What is the default threshold value used to calculate recall when neither thresholds nor top_k are set in the keras.metrics.Recall class based on the provided document?
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0.5
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In the keras.ops API, what function would you use to clamp tensor values between -1 and 1?
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keras.ops.hard_tanh
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What class in the Keras 3 RNG API is responsible for generating a seed?
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SeedGenerator
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What two shapes can the tensor representing the list of decoded sequences have, based on the specified decoding strategy?
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(1, batch_size, max_length); (top_paths, batch_size, max_length)
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What effect does calling `clear_session()` have on the layer name generation counter in Keras?
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Resets the layer name generation counter.
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What will happen if you attempt to add a new attribute to a frozen Config object in Keras 3?
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It will raise an error.
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In Keras, what function can be used to perform element-wise reciprocal square root on a tensor, and what is the expected data type of the output tensor?
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`keras.ops.rsqrt`, same dtype as input tensor
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What is the purpose of the `roll` function in Keras operations?
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Roll tensor elements along a given axis.
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What is the range of angle values returned by the `keras.ops.arctan2` function?
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\[-pi, pi\]
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Which type of averaging in the Keras 3 `FBetaScore` class accounts for label imbalance when computing metrics for each label?
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"weighted"
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What type of layers in the Keras Layers API are used to combine inputs in different ways, such as through addition, concatenation, or averaging?
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Merging layers
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What specific dataset is suggested as an alternative to the MNIST digits classification dataset according to the Keras 3 API?
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Fashion MNIST dataset
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Which function in Keras 3 can be used to compute the absolute value of each element in an input tensor?
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keras.ops.absolute
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What environment variable must be set to ensure that `tf.keras` uses Keras 2 after upgrading to TensorFlow 2.16 or higher?
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TF_USE_LEGACY_KERAS=1
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What is the effect of setting the alpha parameter to 1 in the alpha-balanced focal loss for multi-class classification tasks?
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It won't handle class imbalance properly as all classes will have the same weight.
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Which Keras Applications model includes variants labeled as B0 to B7?
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EfficientNet B0 to B7
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What is the default value of the fuzz factor set by the `set_epsilon` function in Keras 3?
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1e-07
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What shape is the NumPy array for the test labels in the Fashion MNIST dataset?
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(10000,)
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Which Keras 3 regression metric class computes the loss using the formula `sqrt(mean((y_pred - y_true) ** 2))`?
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RootMeanSquaredError
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In the Keras 3 API, what happens to the learning rate in the Adafactor optimizer when the `relative_step` parameter is set to True and the `learning_rate` is a constant?
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The learning rate will be adjusted based on current iterations.
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What type of values does the `y_true` parameter accept for the `keras.metrics.SquaredHinge` function, and how are binary labels handled?
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-1 or 1 (binary 0 or 1 labels are converted to -1 or 1)
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Which axis must be set when using the `MinMaxNorm` weight constraint in a `Conv2D` layer with `data_format="channels_last"` in Keras 3?
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[0, 1, 2]
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What is the default range for input pixels when using the EfficientNetV2 architecture with preprocessing included in the Keras model?
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[0, 255]
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What type of pooling layer is added to the InceptionV3 model before the fully-connected layer when fine-tuning it for a new classification task in Keras?
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GlobalAveragePooling2D
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What class in the Keras 3 API is designed to map string keys to `TensorLayout` instances, treating the string as a regex for retrieval?
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`LayoutMap`
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What impact does calling `keras.utils.clear_session(free_memory=True)` have on layer name generation in a loop creating models with Keras?
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It resets the layer name generation counter.
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What is the formula for calculating the Mean Absolute Error in the Keras library?
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loss = mean(abs(y_true - y_pred))
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What is the threshold used in the `BinaryIoU` class to convert prediction logits for computing the Intersection-Over-Union metric?
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0.5
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In Keras version 3, what is the default image data format used by the `array_to_img` function if not specified?
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"channels_last"
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What specific preprocessing function should be applied to inputs before using them with the InceptionResNetV2 model in Keras, and what is its effect on input pixels?
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`keras.applications.inception_resnet_v2.preprocess_input`; scales input pixels between -1 and 1.
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What file extension should `filepath` end with when using `ModelCheckpoint` in Keras 3 and `save_weights_only=True`?
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.weights.h5
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In the Keras `tensordot` function, what must match when using an integer `axes` value for the tensor dot product?
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The sizes of the corresponding axes must match.
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What optional argument in the Keras `BinaryCrossentropy` class allows relaxation of label confidence by adjusting label values, especially useful when label values are initially set to a probability distribution?
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label_smoothing
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Which company uses Keras for powering self-driving vehicles?
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Waymo
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What does the `remat` function in Keras 3 API do to optimize memory usage during model training?
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Applies rematerialization to a function or layer for memory optimization by recomputing intermediate results during backpropagation, reducing peak memory usage.
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What feature does the `Functional API` in Keras allow for when creating models with intermediate tensors in version 3?
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Creating sub-models from intermediate tensors.
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What interpolation methods are available for resizing images using the `resize` function in Keras version 3.3, and what is the default method?
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Interpolation methods: "nearest", "bilinear", "bicubic". Default method: "bilinear".
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What type of tensor is required for the window argument when specifying a custom window for the keras.ops.istft function in Keras 3?
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Tensor
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What environment variable must be set to keep using Keras 2 with TensorFlow 2.16 or later?
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TF_USE_LEGACY_KERAS=1
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What happens if the `index` argument in the `keras.ops.switch` function exceeds the number of available branches?
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The index is clamped to the nearest valid position within the bounds.
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Which keras function provides the element-wise arc tangent of two input tensors with consideration for the quadrant?
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keras.ops.arctan2
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Which specific class in Keras 3 can be used to wrap a stateless metric function with a mean calculation?
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MeanMetricWrapper
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What is the default reduction type for the `SparseCategoricalCrossentropy` class in keras?
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sum_over_batch_size
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What happens if you try to append two tensors with incompatible dimensions using the `append` function in Keras?
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TypeError: Cannot concatenate arrays with different numbers of dimensions.
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What type of loss function in Keras is used specifically for "maximum-margin" classification?
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Hinge losses
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In Keras 3, what is the purpose of the `trainable` attribute in the `Layer` class?
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Boolean, whether the layer's variables should be trainable.
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What is the threshold value above which the keras.activations.hard_shrink function returns the input tensor as per the default parameter settings?
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0.5
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Which optimizer listed in the document adjusts the learning rate based on plateau detection during training?
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ReduceLROnPlateau
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Which component in Keras 3 is specifically designed to handle "maximum-margin" classification?
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Hinge losses
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Which regularization layer from Keras is specifically designed to prevent overfitting by randomly dropping neurons during training in three-dimensional space?
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SpatialDropout3D layer
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What is a necessary step when saving and loading models with custom regularizers to HDF5 format in Keras?
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Register the custom regularizer.
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In Keras V3, which technique is used for efficient parameter fine-tuning of GPT-2?
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LoRA
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Which optimizer in Keras 3 is specifically designed to handle maximum-margin classification problems?
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Hinge losses
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What argument can be used to make the behavior of the `RandomNormal` initializer deterministic in Keras 3?
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seed
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What should be the input shape for the `DenseNet169` model when `include_top` is set to `True` and the data format is `'channels_last'`?
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(224, 224, 3)
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For the `audio_dataset_from_directory` function in Keras 3, what determines the order of labels when using `labels='inferred'` and `label_mode='categorical'`?
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Alphanumeric order of subdirectory names.
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What is the function of the `aggregation` parameter in the `add_weight` method of a Keras Layer and what is its default value?
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The `aggregation` parameter in the `add_weight` method specifies the type of multi-replica aggregation for the variable and its default value is `"none"`.
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What type of arguments do the `on_epoch_begin` and `on_epoch_end` functions expect when using the `LambdaCallback` in Keras 2?
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`epoch`, `logs`
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Which Keras function would you use to determine if a real or complex tensor has only finite numbers, specifically requiring that complex numbers have both parts finite?
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is_finite
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What reserved keyword argument in the `call()` method of a Keras layer is used to indicate whether the call is in training mode or inference mode?
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training
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What method in Keras (version 2.9) is used to create weights that depend on the input shape and is automatically called if the layer hasn’t been built yet?
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build
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What does the `k` parameter in the `keras.ops.eye` function control?
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Index of the diagonal.
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What is the default input image size for the Xception model in Keras version 3?
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299x299
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Which function is used to calculate the inverse hyperbolic tangent of each element in an array?
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arctanh
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Which function is used to count the number of non-zero elements in an array?
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count_nonzero
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What input preprocessing step must be done for images before they are passed to a MobileNet model in Keras 3?
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keras.applications.mobilenet.preprocess_input
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What is the optional pooling mode applied when the DenseNet model's `include_top` argument is set to `False`, which results in a 2D tensor output in Keras 3?
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avg
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What does a negative R2Score indicate about a model's predictive accuracy in keras version 3?
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The model is worse than random.
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What does the "synchronized" argument do in the `moments` function, and when is it applicable?
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Synchronizes global batch statistics across all devices in distributed training when using the TensorFlow backend.
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What is the shape of the output when applying `keras.ops.image.extract_patches` to a single RGB image of shape (20, 20, 3) using a patch size of (3, 3) and a stride of (1, 1)?
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(18, 18, 27)
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In Keras version 3, what class is used for generating seeds in random operations?
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SeedGenerator
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In Keras 3, what API can be used for setting a mixed precision policy?
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Mixed precision policy API
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What arguments are required for the `fft2` function in Keras 3, and what do they represent?
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x: Tuple of the real and imaginary parts of the input tensor, both of floating type.
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What is the Tversky loss equivalent to when both alpha and beta coefficients are set to 0.5?
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Dice Loss
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Which dtype is used by default for the computations of the `LogCosh` loss in Keras?
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float32
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In the Keras function `binary_crossentropy`, what is the default shape of the returned loss value?
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\[batch\_size, d0, \ldots, dN-1\]
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What is the shape of the mean absolute percentage error values returned when using the relevant Keras function with inputs of shape `[batch_size, d0, .. dN]`?
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[batch_size, d0, .. dN-1]
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What type of regularization does the FTRL optimizer in Keras support, and what is its primary application setting?
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L1 and L2 regularization; suitable for large and sparse feature spaces.
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In Keras 2, when using the `ModelCheckpoint` callback, how does the `mode` parameter determine whether to minimize or maximize the monitored metric based on commonly used metric names?
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'auto': 'max' for 'acc' or 'fmeasure'; 'min' for others.
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What does setting the `keepdims` argument to `True` affect when using the `argmax` or `argmin` functions in Keras?
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The reduced axes are left in the result as dimensions with size one.
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What is the characteristic shape of the numpy arrays returned by the `load_data` function for the California Housing price regression dataset in Keras?
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`x_train`, `x_test`: (num_samples, 8)
`y_train`, `y_test`: (num_samples,)
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What is the primary condition under which SELU activation function preserves the mean and variance of inputs between layers?
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Correct weight initialization (using `LecunNormal`) and a large enough number of input units.
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What initializer should be used with the SELU activation function to optimize its performance in Keras?
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LecunNormal
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Which Keras 2 API callback function is specifically designed to terminate training upon encountering a NaN loss?
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TerminateOnNaN
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Which Keras API function is used for loading image data from a directory, and under which version is it available?
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image_dataset_from_directory function, available under Keras 2.
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Which Keras API in version 3 provides classes for managing random number generation operations?
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RNG API
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Under what condition does the `split` function in Keras not necessarily result in equal divisions of a tensor?
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When using the Torch backend.
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In the context of FeatureSpace, which preprocessing layer is applied to float values when using "float_normalized"?
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keras.layers.Normalization
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What argument does the `squeeze` function in Keras use to select specific dimensions to remove from a tensor?
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axis
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What is the default output mode for the discrete representation of float values when discretized into bins using FeatureSpace in Keras?
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one_hot
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Which keras function computes the bit-wise OR of two arrays using the operator `|` on their binary representations?
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keras.ops.bitwise_or
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in Data Studio
Samples in this benchmark were generated by RELAI using the following data source(s):
Data Source Name: keras
Documentation Data Source Link: https://keras.io/
Data Source License: https://github.com/keras-team/keras/blob/master/LICENSE
Data Source Authors: Observable AI Benchmarks by Data Agents © 2025 RELAI.AI. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Source: https://relai.ai
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