claim_id int64 0 3.13k | claim stringlengths 26 406 | evidence stringlengths 13 1.4k | label class label 3 classes | category stringlengths 2 71 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
2,036 | The global surface mean temperature-change data no longer have any scientific value and are nothing more than a propaganda tool to the public. | Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported government and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Global warming controversy |
478 | Protecting and restoring forests would reduce 18% of emissions by 2030 | Japan needs to reduce 26% of green house gas emission from 2013 by 2030 to accomplish Paris Agreement and is trying to reduce 2% of them by forestry. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Reforestation |
2,238 | "An article in Science magazine illustrated that a rise in carbon dioxide did not precede a rise in temperatures, but actually lagged behind temperature rises by 200 to 1000 years. | Recent warming is followed by carbon dioxide levels with only a 5 months delay. | 1REFUTES | Global warming controversy |
0 | Global warming is driving polar bears toward extinction | Rising global temperatures, caused by the greenhouse effect, contribute to habitat destruction, endangering various species, such as the polar bear. | 0SUPPORTS | Habitat destruction |
1,048 | While transient weather variability is playing a key role here, the widespread record warmth across the U.S. so far this year is part of a long-term trend toward more warm temperature records versus cold ones. | This long-term trend is the main cause for the record warmth of 2015 and 2016, surpassing all previous years—even ones with strong El Niño events." | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Instrumental temperature record |
1,369 | “With a record El Niño, we should have experienced record high temperatures. | The event temporarily warmed air temperature by 1.5 °C, compared to the usual increase of 0.25 °C associated with El Niño events. | 0SUPPORTS | El Niño |
457 | temperatures rise and they fall, and they rise and they fall… and for the last 400 years we’ve had a gentle warming as we’ve been coming out of the little ice age. | Global warming is the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Global warming |
708 | Before human burning of fossil fuels triggered global warming, the continent’s ice was in relative balance | "Release of methane from a volcanic basin as a mechanism for initial Eocene global warming". | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum |
1,921 | Miami Congressman Carlos "Curbelo supports drilling offshore" and "repeatedly voted against President Obama's ability to fight pollution and combat climate change." | "Carlos Curbelo wants to be a Republican leader on climate change—if he can keep his seat". | 1REFUTES | Carlos Curbelo |
2,813 | In fact, the authors go on to estimate climate sensitivity from their findings, calculate a value between 2.3 to 4.1°C. | The 1990 IPCC First Assessment Report estimated that equilibrium climate sensitivity to a doubling of CO 2 lay between 1.5 and 4.5 °C (2.7 and 8.1 °F), with a "best guess in the light of current knowledge" of 2.5 °C (4.5 °F). | 0SUPPORTS | Climate sensitivity |
1,223 | Ice cap is disappearing far more rapidly than previously estimated, and is part of a long-term trend, new research shows | The data show a long-term negative trend in recent years, attributed to global warming, although there is also a considerable amount of variation from year to year. | 0SUPPORTS | Climate change in the Arctic |
1,575 | Arctic sea ice loss is matched by Antarctic sea ice gain. | "Mass gains of the Antarctic ice sheet exceed losses". | 0SUPPORTS | Antarctica |
1,751 | Benny Peiser, the Oreskes critic, retracted his criticism. | Well when we first contacted him two weeks ago he told us..." "Only [a] few abstracts explicitly reject or doubt the AGW (anthropogenic global warming) consensus which is why I have publicly withdrawn this point of my critique." | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Benny Peiser |
1,173 | […]until we develop a practical, cost-competitive alternative to fossil fuels, it is unlikely that renewable energy will ever make up more than 15-20% of global energy requirements. | "The production of cellulosic ethanol represents not only a step toward true energy diversity for the country, but a very cost-effective alternative to fossil fuels. | 0SUPPORTS | Cellulosic ethanol |
1,286 | Arctic greening was recently cited, in a major report by the U.S. Geological Survey, as the central reason that the state of Alaska, despite worsening wildfires and more thaw of permafrost, might still be able to stow away more carbon than it loses over the course of the 21st century.” | In 2008, a research expedition for the American Geophysical Union detected levels of methane up to 100 times above normal in the Siberian Arctic, likely being released by methane clathrates being released by holes in a frozen 'lid' of seabed permafrost, around the outfall of the Lena River and the area between the Laptev Sea and East Siberian Sea. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Climate change feedback |
2,030 | Opponents of climate action are getting twice as much airtime as proponents of climate action. | Fox News has widely been described as a major platform for climate change denial. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Fox News |
1,620 | Great Barrier Reef is in good shape. | Crescentic reefs are the most common shape of reef in the middle of the system, for example the reefs surrounding Lizard Island. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Great Barrier Reef |
1,098 | Marine life has nothing whatsoever to fear from ocean acidification.” | Human activities affect marine life and marine habitats through overfishing, pollution, acidification and the introduction of invasive species. | 1REFUTES | Marine life |
2,201 | That humans are causing global warming is the position of the Academies of Science from 80 countries plus many scientific organizations that study climate science. | Since 2001, 34 national science academies, three regional academies, and both the international InterAcademy Council and International Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences have made formal declarations confirming human induced global warming and urging nations to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. | 0SUPPORTS | Scientific consensus on climate change |
1,619 | Hansen predicted in 1988 the West Side Highway would be underwater in 20 years. | When the analysis was updated in 1988, the four warmest years on record were all in the 1980s. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | James Hansen |
1,713 | The ocean is absorbing massive amounts of CO2, and is becoming more acidic as a result. | It is expected to drop by a further 0.3 to 0.5 pH units (an additional doubling to tripling of today's post-industrial acid concentrations) by 2100 as the oceans absorb more anthropogenic CO 2, the impacts being most severe for coral reefs and the Southern Ocean. | 0SUPPORTS | Ocean acidification |
2,083 | Climategate CRU emails suggest conspiracy | In blogs, talk radio and other new media, we are told that the warnings about future global warming issued by the national science academies, scientific societies, and governments of all the leading nations are not only mistaken, but based on a hoax, indeed a conspiracy that must involve thousands of respected researchers. | 0SUPPORTS | Climatic Research Unit email controversy |
1,506 | Most likely the primary control knob on climate change is the ocean waters and this environment that we live in. | Alterations to the ocean currents, due to increased freshwater inputs from glacier melt, and the potential alterations to thermohaline circulation of the worlds oceans, may affect existing fisheries upon which humans depend as well. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Climate change and ecosystems |
293 | When the measuring equipment gets old and needs replacing, it often requires re-calibration. | While heat flux sensors are typically supplied with a sensitivity by the manufacturer, there are times and situations that call for a re-calibration of the sensor. | 0SUPPORTS | Heat flux sensor |
565 | In looking at Earth’s past, scientists can predict what the future will look like | Fed by a large number of data on past experiences, algorithms can predict future development if the future is similar to the past. | 0SUPPORTS | Big data |
1,946 | President Obama's proposal calls for serious cuts in our own long-term carbon emissions, but China and India will still be allowed to increase their emissions. | To cut carbon emissions by 15% below 2000 levels by 2020 if there is an agreement where major developing economies commit to substantially restrain emissions and advanced economies take on commitments comparable to Australia. | 1REFUTES | 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference |
2,060 | Global warming is causing more hurricanes and stronger hurricanes. | The maximum rainfall and wind speed from hurricanes and typhoons are likely increasing. | 0SUPPORTS | Global warming |
9 | Ironic' study finds more CO2 has slightly cooled the planet | Less energy reaches the upper atmosphere, which is therefore cooler because of this absorption. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Carbon dioxide |
616 | The effect of long-term warming is to make it harder to count on snowmelt runoff in wet times | There is a pronounced annual runoff of snowmelt in late spring and early summer, the timing of which varies from year to year. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Lake Tahoe |
2,369 | The public understand it, in that if you get a fall evening or spring evening and the sky is clear the heat will escape and the temperature will drop and you get frost. | A design with too much equator-facing glass can result in excessive winter, spring, or fall day heating, uncomfortably bright living spaces at certain times of the year, and excessive heat transfer on winter nights and summer days. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Passive solar building design |
859 | By 2080, without dramatic reductions in emissions, southern Europe will be in permanent extreme drought, much worse than the American dust bowl ever was. | Another form of severe weather is drought, which is a prolonged period of persistently dry weather (that is, absence of precipitation). | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Severe weather |
1,705 | Hundreds of flowers across the UK are flowering earlier now than any time in 250 years. | 26 April 2008. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Cherry blossom |
2,997 | The trend in CO2 at Mauna Loa is practically identical to the global trend because CO2 mixes well throughout the atmosphere. | Figure 4 shows seasonal and annual changes in CO2 concentration measured at Mauna Loa, Hawaii from 1987 to 1990. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Ecosystem ecology |
2,487 | The El Nino Southern Oscillation shows close correlation to global temperatures over the short term. | El Niño events cause short-term (approximately 1 year in length) spikes in global average surface temperature while La Niña events cause short term cooling. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | El Niño–Southern Oscillation |
404 | Actual weather records over the past 100 years show no correlation between rising carbon dioxide levels and local temperatures. | Regional effects of global warming are long-term significant changes in the expected patterns of average weather of a specific region due to global warming. | 1REFUTES | Regional effects of global warming |
1,871 | Donald Trump "thinks that climate change is a hoax, invented by the Chinese." | "With Gift and in Conversation, Vatican Presses Trump on Climate Change". | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Donald Trump |
2,643 | The "decline" refers to a decline in northern tree-rings, not global temperature, and is openly discussed in papers and the IPCC reports. | Several scientific sources state that the decline being referred to is a decline in tree ring climate proxy metrics, not temperature. | 0SUPPORTS | Climatic Research Unit documents |
593 | It shows that ECS is probably between two and 4.5 degrees, possibly as low as 1.5 but not lower, and possibly as high as nine degrees. | a diatomic molecule) in a 3-D space with constant distance between them (let's say d) we can show (below) its degrees of freedom to be 5. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry) |
1,793 | While summer maximums have showed little trend, the annual average Arctic temperature has risen sharply in recent decades. | Another definition of the Arctic is the region where the average temperature for the warmest month (July) is below 10 °C (50 °F); the northernmost tree line roughly follows the isotherm at the boundary of this region. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Arctic |
1,685 | Weather and climate are different; climate predictions do not need weather detail. | A humid continental climate is marked by variable weather patterns and a large seasonal temperature variance. | 1REFUTES | Climate |
3,127 | "Skeptics hope that Postma’s alternative thermal model will lead to the birth of a new climatology, one that actually follows the laws of physics and properly physical modeling techniques... | It was not until after the elucidation of the laws of physics and more particularly, the development of the computer, allowing for the automated solution of a great many equations that model the weather, in the latter half of the 20th century that significant breakthroughs in weather forecasting were achieved. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Meteorology |
1,458 | Glaciers are retreating almost everywhere around the world — including in the Alps, Himalayas, Andes, Rockies, Alaska and Africa. | Mountain glaciers are widespread, especially in the Andes, the Himalayas, the Rocky Mountains, the Caucasus, Scandinavian mountains, and the Alps. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Glacier |
749 | “The worldwide temperature record has been changed. | An examination of the average global temperature changes by decades reveals continuing climate change, and AR5 reports "Each of the last three decades has been successively warmer at the Earth's surface than any preceding decade since 1850 (see Figure SPM.1). | 0SUPPORTS | Instrumental temperature record |
667 | The failure of the 2007 polar bear survival model is a simple fact that explodes the myth that polar bears are on their way to extinction. | "Fossil record supports evidence of impending mass extinction". | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Extinction event |
3,062 | This increases confidence in other peer-reviewed research predicting sea level rise of 80cm to 2 metres by 2100. | In 2019, a study projected that in low emission scenario, sea level will rise 30 centimeters by 2050 and 69 centimetres by 2100, relatively to the level in 2000. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Sea level rise |
2,071 | Carbon pollution is a health hazard. | Short of survival, human concerns include the range from quality of life to health hazards. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Pollution |
2,784 | A subsequent study by Dessler (2011) found that Spencer's paper was not a test of climate sensitivity or feedbacks, and his assumptions do not match empirical observational data. | Andrew Dessler published a paper which found errors in Lindzen and Choi 2011, and concluded that the observations it had presented "are not in fundamental disagreement with mainstream climate models, nor do they provide evidence that clouds are causing climate change. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Richard Lindzen |
1,857 | As president, Obama will immediately close the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet, which experts say funneled floodwater into New Orleans. | In 2005, although disputed by the Corps of Engineers, the MRGO channeled Hurricane Katrina's storm surge into the heart of Greater New Orleans, contributing significantly to the subsequent multiple engineering failures experienced by the region's hurricane protection network. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Mississippi River–Gulf Outlet Canal |
2,041 | There are fundamental faults in the statistical and scientific analyses used to justify the need for early and comprehensive mitigatory action by governments. | To derive these requirements in an effective manner, a systems engineering-based risk assessment and mitigation logic should be used. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Reliability engineering |
556 | The April low temperatures here are now about 6 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than they used to be. | Since 1895, average temperatures have climbed by almost 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit, double the average for the other Lower 48 states. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | New Jersey |
2,867 | Skeptics who oppose scientific findings that threaten their world view are far closer to Galileo's belief-based critics in the Catholic Church. | Several religious organizations, among them the Catholic Church, hold that their faith does not conflict with the scientific consensus regarding evolution. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Creationism |
598 | If ECS is as low as the Energy Balance literature suggests, it means that the climate models we have been using for decades run too hot and need to be revised. | Over several decades of development, models have consistently provided a robust and unambiguous picture of significant climate warming in response to increasing greenhouse gases. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Global warming controversy |
1,154 | [CO2] is also a greenhouse gas which helps maintain earth at a habitable temperature. | Because its atmosphere consists mainly of CO 2, a known greenhouse gas, once Mars begins to heat, the CO 2 may help to keep thermal energy near the surface. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Terraforming of Mars |
1,150 | To make matters worse, the water temperatures in the Arctic Ocean are several degrees above average, which is an expected result of having less sea ice. | Reduction of the area of Arctic sea ice reduces the planet's average albedo, possibly resulting in global warming in a positive feedback mechanism. | 0SUPPORTS | Arctic Ocean |
2,668 | Meanwhile, it will likely to continue to snow in Chicago in the coming days. | Northeast winds from wintertime cyclones departing south of the region sometimes bring the city lake-effect snow. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Chicago |
1,987 | The Obama administration is "proposing to mine another 10 billion tons of Wyoming coal, which would unleash three times more carbon pollution than Obama's Clean Power Plan would even save through 2030." | The plan would create 30 percent more renewable energy generation in 2030 and help to lower the costs of renewable energy. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Clean Power Plan |
97 | according, again, to the official figures—during this past 10 years, if anything, mean global temperature, average world temperature, has slightly declined | Between 1993 and 2017, the global mean sea level rose on average by 3.1 ± 0.3 mm per year, with an acceleration detected as well. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Global warming |
2,042 | Recent research also indicates that the quantity of fossil fuels staying in the atmosphere is much less than previously thought. | While the lifetime of atmospheric methane is relatively short when compared to carbon dioxide, with a half-life of about 7 years, it is more efficient at trapping heat in the atmosphere, so that a given quantity of methane has 84 times the global-warming potential of carbon dioxide over a 20-year period and 28 times over a 100-year period. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Natural gas |
2,522 | The effect of this disparity is that thermal radiation escaping to space comes mostly from the cold upper atmosphere, while the surface is maintained at a substantially warmer temperature. | This is much colder than the conditions that actually exist at the Earth's surface (the global mean surface temperature is about 14 °C). | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Global warming |
148 | Previous IPCC reports tended to assume that clouds would have a neutral impact because the warming and cooling feedbacks would cancel each other out. | The main reinforcing feedbacks are the water vapour feedback, the ice–albedo feedback, and probably the net effect of clouds. | 0SUPPORTS | Global warming |
1,931 | New Jersey is "losing 50 football fields of open space to development every day and the more we develop upstream the more flooding we have downstream." | It is surrounded by water on three sides, the Arthur Kill, a tidal strait to the east, and tidal rivers to the south, Raritan River, and north, Rahway River; and, much of the developed land in Woodbridge has low elevations, as little as five feet above sea level. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Woodbridge Township, New Jersey |
1,928 | NASA Finds Antarctica is Gaining Ice, | This ice sheet is constantly gaining ice from snowfall and losing ice through outflow to the sea. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Antarctica |
1,798 | A few degrees of global warming has a huge impact on ice sheets, sea levels and other aspects of climate. | Under the influence of global warming, melt at the base of the ice sheet increases. | 0SUPPORTS | Sea level rise |
2,304 | We expect to see record cold temperatures even during global warming. | It is expected that most ecosystems will be affected by higher atmospheric CO2 levels and higher global temperatures. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Global warming |
2,308 | "The 30 major droughts of the 20th century were likely natural in all respects; and, hence, they are "indicative of what could also happen in the future," as Narisma | "The Longest Running Title Droughts in Sports". | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Illinois |
3,066 | The claim that 2.2 conventional jobs are destroyed for every new job created in the alternative energy industry is based on a study which relies on incorrect numbers, cherrypicked dates, faulty theory, flawed methodology, and is disproven by real-world examples. | Michael Anyadike-Danes and Wynne Godley argue, based on simulation results, that little of the empirical work done with the textbook model constitutes a potentially falsifiable theory, and consequently empirical evidence hardly exists for that model. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Minimum wage |
356 | This requires us to work towards avoiding catastrophic possibilities rather than looking at probabilities, as learning from mistakes is not an option when it comes to existential risks. | Nick Bostrom argues that it would be "misguided" to assume that the probability of near-term extinction is less than 25% and that it will be "a tall order" for the human race to "get our precautions sufficiently right the first time", given that an existential risk provides no opportunity to learn from failure. | 0SUPPORTS | Human extinction |
2,100 | IPCC were wrong about Himalayan glaciers | In its statement, the IPCC stands by its general findings relating to the Himalayan glaciers being at risk from global warming (with consequent risks to water flow into the Gangetic basin). | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Ganges |
676 | more so than downsizing one’s car, or being vigilant about turning off light bulbs, and certainly more than quitting showering. | Installing LED lighting, fluorescent lighting, or natural skylight windows reduces the amount of energy required to attain the same level of illumination compared to using traditional incandescent light bulbs. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Efficient energy use |
1,166 | Drought in the western U.S. pales in comparison to the mega-droughts tree rings tell us existed in centuries past. | Drought apparently struck what is now the American Southwest back in the 13th century, which probably affected the Pueblo cities, and tree rings also document drought in the lower and central Mississippi River basin between the 14th and 16th century. | 0SUPPORTS | Droughts in the United States |
322 | The first adjustment changed how the temperature of the ocean surface is calculated, by replacing satellite data with drifting buoys and temperatures in ships’ water intake. | It varies globally in a range of ± 2 m. Historically, adjustments were made to sea-level measurements to take into account the effects of the 235 lunar month Metonic cycle and the 223-month eclipse cycle on the tides. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Sea level |
775 | Instead of negotiating over climate change policies and trying to make them more market-oriented, some political conservatives have taken the approach of blocking them by trying to undermine the science. | Since then, Republicans have increasingly taken positions against environmental regulation, with some Republicans rejecting the scientific consensus on climate change. | 0SUPPORTS | Republican Party (United States) |
819 | Climate change need not endanger anyone” | Given the potential threat to marine ecosystems and its ensuing impact on human society and economy, especially as it acts in conjunction with anthropogenic global warming, there is an urgent need for immediate action." | 1REFUTES | Scientific consensus on climate change |
1,023 | Within a decade, certain kinds of branching and plate coral could be extinct, reef scientists say, along with a variety of small fish that rely on them for protection from predators. | In turn, they are preyed on by larger predatory fish, seabirds and marine mammals. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Coastal fish |
1,175 | But the observed warming as monitored by satellites (our only truly global monitoring system) has been only about half of what computerized climate models say should be happening. | The effects of climate change on human systems, mostly due to warming and shifts in precipitation, have been detected worldwide. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Global warming |
1,582 | Tuvalu sea level isn't rising. | Because of the low elevation, the islands that make up this nation are vulnerable to the effects of tropical cyclones and by the threat of current and future sea level rise. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Tuvalu |
806 | Days of near-100-degree-Fahrenheit temperatures cooked the Mountain West in early July, and a scorching heat wave lingered over the Pacific Northwest in early August.” | 1888 1888 US cold wave – A severe cold wave that passed through the Pacific Northwest. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Cold wave |
1,451 | The planet's average surface temperature has risen about 1.62 degrees Fahrenheit (0.9 degrees Celsius) since the late 19th century, a change driven largely by increased carbon dioxide and other human-made emissions into the atmosphere. | A temperature interval of 1 °F is equal to an interval of 5⁄9 degrees Celsius. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Fahrenheit |
765 | The broader term covers changes beyond warmer temperatures, such as shifting rainfall patterns.” | Climate change is more accurate scientifically to describe the various effects of greenhouse gases on the world because it includes extreme weather, storms and changes in rainfall patterns, ocean acidification and sea level.". | 0SUPPORTS | Global warming |
3,130 | "There are other possible causes for climate change which could be associated with solar activity or related to variations in the temperature of the liquid core of the Earth, which is about 5,400 degrees Celsius. | Some of the main human activities that contribute to global warming are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, for a warming effect global changes to land surface, such as deforestation, for a warming effect increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols, mainly for a cooling effect In addition to human activities, some natural mechanisms can also cause climate change, including for example, climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity. | 0SUPPORTS | Attribution of recent climate change |
1,022 | If water temperatures stay moderate, the damaged sections of the Great Barrier Reef may be covered with corals again in as few as 10 or 15 years | In March 2017, the journal Nature published a paper showing that huge sections of an 800-kilometre (500 mi) stretch in the northern part of the reef had died in the course of 2016 due to high water temperatures, an event that the authors put down to the effects of global climate change. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Great Barrier Reef |
2,468 | "Satellite measurements indicate an absence of significant global warming since 1979, the very period that human carbon dioxide emissions have been increasing rapidly. | In the scientific literature, there is an overwhelming consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused mainly by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Global warming |
1,143 | Skeptics have long pointed to ice gain in the Southern Hemisphere as evidence climate change wasn’t occurring, but scientists warned that it was caused by natural variations and circulations in the atmosphere. | In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. | 1REFUTES | Global warming controversy |
137 | Preventing future pandemics requires more not less “industrial” agriculture | There are many potential impacts on human health due to the modern cattle industrial agriculture system. | 1REFUTES | Intensive animal farming |
2,538 | Satellites and on-site measurements are observing that Himalayan glaciers are disappearing at an accelerating rate. | However scientists have found that ice is being lost, and at an accelerating rate. | 0SUPPORTS | Sea level rise |
2,587 | If the CO2 effect was saturated, adding more CO2 should add no additional greenhouse effect. | While transparent to visible light, carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, absorbing and emitting infrared radiation at its two infrared-active vibrational frequencies (see the section "Structure and bonding" above). | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Carbon dioxide |
710 | With marine ice cliff instability, sea-level rise for the next century is potentially much larger than we thought it might be five or 10 years ago | For instance, Mercer published a study in 1978 predicting that anthropogenic carbon dioxide warming and its potential effects on climate in the 21st century could cause a sea level rise of around 5 metres (16 ft) from melting of the West Antarctic ice-sheet alone. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Sea level rise |
530 | South Australia is winning: it has the most unreliable grid in the world outside Africa and the most expensive electricity. | South Australia has the lead over other Australian states for its commercialisation and commitment to renewable energy. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | South Australia |
2,835 | Arctic summer sea ice has shrunk by an area equal to Western Australia, and might be all gone in a decade. | About half of the analyzed models show near-complete to complete sea ice loss in September by the year 2100. | 1REFUTES | Arctic |
2,246 | "His [Dr Spencer's] latest research demonstrates that – in the short term, at any rate – the temperature feedbacks that the IPCC imagines will greatly amplify any initial warming caused by CO2 are net-negative, attenuating the warming they are supposed to enhance. | Water vapor feedback is strongly positive, with most evidence supporting a magnitude of 1.5 to 2.0 W/m2/K, sufficient to roughly double the warming that would otherwise occur. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Climate change feedback |
2,841 | The exception to this ice loss is Antarctic sea ice which has been growing despite the warming Southern Ocean. | Since the ocean off the Antarctic coast usually is much warmer than the air over it, the extent of the sea ice is largely controlled by the winds and currents that push it northwards. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Antarctic sea ice |
757 | The grasslands, crops, forests and territorial waters of Australia absorb more carbon dioxide than Australia emits. | It is estimated that forests absorb between 10 and 20 tons of carbon dioxide per hectare each year, through photosynthetic conversion into starch, cellulose, lignin, and other components of wooden biomass. | 0SUPPORTS | Carbon sink |
2,849 | "by the 2001 [IPCC] climate assessment...the Medieval Warm Period had been ingeniously wiped out. | The IPCC Third Assessment Report from 2001 then summarized research: "evidence does not support globally synchronous periods of anomalous cold or warmth over this time frame, and the conventional terms of 'Little Ice Age' and 'Medieval Warm Period' appear to have limited utility in describing trends in hemispheric or global mean temperature changes in past centuries." | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Medieval Warm Period |
1,529 | Human activities (mainly greenhouse-gas emissions) are the dominant cause of the rapid warming since the middle 1900s (IPCC, 2013). | The dominant cause of the warming since the 1950s is human activities. | 0SUPPORTS | Scientific consensus on climate change |
454 | Man-made greenhouse gases play only an insignificant role.” | It is likely that anthropogenic (i.e., human-induced) warming, such as that due to elevated greenhouse gas levels, has had a discernible influence on many physical and biological systems. | 1REFUTES | Greenhouse gas |
1,367 | But we do have other reliable indicators of temperatures before the late 1800s, and the evidence shows temperatures have been warmer than today for most of the past several thousand years, including warmer-than-present temperatures for most of the human civilization time period | Before the Industrial Revolution, naturally occurring amounts of greenhouse gases caused the air near the surface to be warmer by about 33 °C (59 °F) than it would be in their absence. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Global warming |
741 | For that, we have to work on other types of marine organisms so that we clearly understand what took place in the sediment over geological time” | Observation of modern marine and non-marine sediments in a wide variety of environments supports this generalization (although cross-bedding is inclined, the overall orientation of cross-bedded units is horizontal). | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Geology |
1,056 | Because oxygen in the global ocean is not evenly distributed, the 2 percent overall decline means there is a much larger decline in some areas of the ocean than others. | The ocean has already lost oxygen, throughout the entire water column and oxygen minimum zones are expanding worldwide. | 0SUPPORTS | Effects of global warming |
1,567 | IPCC overestimate temperature rise. | Under the pledges of the countries entering the Paris Accord, a sharp rise of 3.1 to 3.7 °C is still expected to occur by 2100. | 1REFUTES | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
565 | In looking at Earth’s past, scientists can predict what the future will look like | Historically, the ability of experts to predict the future over these timescales has proved very limited. | 2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO | Global catastrophic risk |
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