Datasets:
language:
- en
license: other
pretty_name: Geo Benchmark
task_categories:
- text-generation
configs:
- config_name: GKMC
data_files:
- split: test
path: GKMC/test-*
- config_name: GeoQuery_place
data_files:
- split: train
path: GeoQuery_place/train-*
- split: validation
path: GeoQuery_place/validation-*
- split: test
path: GeoQuery_place/test-*
- config_name: GeoQuery_regression
data_files:
- split: train
path: GeoQuery_regression/train-*
- split: validation
path: GeoQuery_regression/validation-*
- split: test
path: GeoQuery_regression/test-*
- config_name: GeoQuestions1089_YN
data_files:
- split: test
path: GeoQuestions1089_YN/test-*
- config_name: GeoQuestions1089_coord
data_files:
- split: test
path: GeoQuestions1089_coord/test-*
- config_name: GeoQuestions1089_place
data_files:
- split: test
path: GeoQuestions1089_place/test-*
- config_name: GeoQuestions1089_regression
data_files:
- split: test
path: GeoQuestions1089_regression/test-*
- config_name: GeoSQA
data_files:
- split: train
path: GeoSQA/train*
- split: test
path: GeoSQA/test*
- split: validation
path: GeoSQA/val*
- config_name: GridRoute
data_files:
- split: test
path: GridRoute/test-*
- config_name: MsMarco
data_files:
- split: test
path: MsMarco/test-*
- split: train
path: MsMarco/train-*
- split: validation
path: MsMarco/validation-*
- config_name: NY-POI
data_files:
- split: test
path: NY-POI/test-*
- config_name: PPNL_multi
data_files:
- split: test
path: PPNL_multi/test-*
- split: train
path: PPNL_multi/train-*
- split: validation
path: PPNL_multi/validation-*
- config_name: PPNL_single
data_files:
- split: test
path: PPNL_single/test-*
- split: train
path: PPNL_single/train-*
- split: validation
path: PPNL_single/validation-*
- config_name: SpartUN
data_files:
- split: test
path: SpartUN/test-*
- split: train
path: SpartUN/train-*
- split: validation
path: SpartUN/validation-*
- config_name: SpatialEvalLLM
data_files:
- split: test
path: SpatialEvalLLM/test-*
- config_name: TourismQA
data_files:
- split: test
path: TourismQA/test-*
- split: train
path: TourismQA/train-*
- split: validation
path: TourismQA/validation-*
dataset_info:
- config_name: GKMC
features:
- name: question_id
dtype: int64
- name: answer
dtype: string
- name: scenario
dtype: string
- name: question
dtype: string
- name: A
dtype: string
- name: B
dtype: string
- name: C
dtype: string
- name: D
dtype: string
splits:
- name: test
num_bytes: 1055828
num_examples: 1600
download_size: 510919
dataset_size: 1055828
- config_name: GeoQuery_place
features:
- name: question
dtype: string
- name: answer
list: string
- name: __index_level_0__
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: train
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num_examples: 346
- name: validation
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num_examples: 33
- name: test
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num_examples: 184
download_size: 34701
dataset_size: 94380
- config_name: GeoQuery_regression
features:
- name: question
dtype: string
- name: answer
list: float64
- name: __index_level_0__
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 13826
num_examples: 182
- name: validation
num_bytes: 1201
num_examples: 17
- name: test
num_bytes: 7038
num_examples: 89
download_size: 16126
dataset_size: 22065
- config_name: GeoQuestions1089_YN
features:
- name: question_id
dtype: int64
- name: question
dtype: string
- name: answer
list: bool
- name: answer_type
list: string
- name: __index_level_0__
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: test
num_bytes: 13860
num_examples: 181
download_size: 9116
dataset_size: 13860
- config_name: GeoQuestions1089_coord
features:
- name: question_id
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- name: question
dtype: string
- name: answer
list:
list: float64
- name: answer_type
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- name: __index_level_0__
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: test
num_bytes: 7407
num_examples: 84
download_size: 6981
dataset_size: 7407
- config_name: GeoQuestions1089_place
features:
- name: question_id
dtype: int64
- name: question
dtype: string
- name: answer
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- name: answer_type
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- name: __index_level_0__
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: test
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num_examples: 455
download_size: 1899119
dataset_size: 4377028
- config_name: GeoQuestions1089_regression
features:
- name: question_id
dtype: int64
- name: question
dtype: string
- name: answer
list: float64
- name: answer_type
list: string
- name: __index_level_0__
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: test
num_bytes: 23075
num_examples: 234
download_size: 12517
dataset_size: 23075
- config_name: GeoSQA
features:
- name: question_id
dtype: int64
- name: scenario_id
dtype: int64
- name: answer
dtype: string
- name: annotation
dtype: string
- name: scenario
dtype: string
- name: question
dtype: string
- name: A
dtype: string
- name: B
dtype: string
- name: C
dtype: string
- name: D
dtype: string
- name: __index_level_0__
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 2371495
num_examples: 2644
- name: validation
num_bytes: 571713
num_examples: 628
- name: test
num_bytes: 768839
num_examples: 838
download_size: 1350888
dataset_size: 3712047
- config_name: GridRoute
features:
- name: matrix_size
dtype: int64
- name: start
list: int64
- name: end
list:
list: int64
- name: obstacles_coords
list:
list: int64
- name: path
list:
list: int64
splits:
- name: test
num_bytes: 439500
num_examples: 300
download_size: 16947
dataset_size: 439500
- config_name: MsMarco
features:
- name: question_id
dtype: int64
- name: question
dtype: string
- name: answer
dtype: string
- name: passages
list:
- name: is_selected
dtype: int64
- name: passage_text
dtype: string
- name: url
dtype: string
- name: __index_level_0__
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: test
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num_examples: 2907
- name: train
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num_examples: 23513
- name: validation
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num_examples: 4149
download_size: 58681842
dataset_size: 117970753
- config_name: NY-POI
features:
- name: long-term_check-ins
list:
list: string
- name: recent_check-ins
list:
list: string
- name: candidates
list:
list: string
- name: ground_truth
list: string
splits:
- name: test
num_bytes: 9070607
num_examples: 1347
download_size: 3818269
dataset_size: 9070607
- config_name: PPNL_multi
features:
- name: matrix_size
dtype: int64
- name: world_description
dtype: string
- name: world
list:
list: int64
- name: obstacles_coords
list:
list: int64
- name: start
list: int64
- name: end
list:
list: int64
- name: n_goals
dtype: int64
- name: path
list:
list: int64
- name: agent_as_a_point
dtype: string
- name: agent_has_direction
dtype: string
- name: distribution
dtype: string
splits:
- name: test
num_bytes: 80282702
num_examples: 55440
- name: train
num_bytes: 76667038
num_examples: 53440
- name: validation
num_bytes: 9587004
num_examples: 6680
download_size: 13201821
dataset_size: 166536744
- config_name: PPNL_single
features:
- name: matrix_size
dtype: int64
- name: world_description
dtype: string
- name: world
list:
list: int64
- name: obstacles_coords
list:
list: int64
- name: start
list: int64
- name: end
list:
list: int64
- name: n_goals
dtype: int64
- name: path
list:
list: int64
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dtype: string
- name: agent_has_direction
dtype: string
- name: distribution
dtype: string
splits:
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num_examples: 19044
- name: train
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num_examples: 16032
- name: validation
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num_examples: 2004
download_size: 1341236
dataset_size: 30082491
- config_name: SpartUN
features:
- name: scenario_id
dtype: string
- name: question_id
dtype: string
- name: scenario
dtype: string
- name: question
dtype: string
- name: candidates_answers
list: string
- name: answer
list: string
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: k_hop
dtype: int64
splits:
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num_bytes: 3597916
num_examples: 5551
- name: train
num_bytes: 24431833
num_examples: 37095
- name: validation
num_bytes: 3562581
num_examples: 5600
download_size: 3174385
dataset_size: 31592330
- config_name: SpatialEvalLLM
features:
- name: question
dtype: string
- name: answer
dtype: string
- name: struct_type
dtype: string
- name: size
dtype: string
- name: k_hop
dtype: string
- name: seed
dtype: string
- name: description_level
dtype: string
splits:
- name: test
num_bytes: 1091123
num_examples: 1400
download_size: 211349
dataset_size: 1091123
- config_name: TourismQA
features:
- name: question
dtype: string
- name: city
struct:
- name: coord
list: float64
- name: name
dtype: string
- name: tagged_locations
list: string
- name: tagged_locations_lat_long
list:
list: float64
- name: answers_names
list: string
- name: answers_adresses
list: string
- name: answers_sum_reviews
list: string
- name: answers_reviews
list:
list: string
- name: answers_lat_longs
list:
list: float64
splits:
- name: test
num_bytes: 7601034
num_examples: 2173
- name: train
num_bytes: 74876719
num_examples: 19960
- name: validation
num_bytes: 7348256
num_examples: 2119
download_size: 45129970
dataset_size: 89826009
Dataset Card for Geo-Benchmark
Table of Contents
Dataset Description
- Homepage: https://github.com/Rfr2003/GeoBenchmark
- Repository: https://github.com/Rfr2003/GeoBenchmark
- Paper:
- Point of Contact: rodrigo.ferreira-rodrigues@utoulouse.fr
Dataset Summary
Geo-Benchmark aims to assess Large Language Models' (LLM) geographical abilities across a multitude of tasks. It is built from 12 datasets split across 8 differents tasks:
- Knowledge/Coordinates Prediction : GeoQuestions1089
- Knowledge/Yes|No questions: GeoQuestions1089
- Knowledge/Regression questions: GeoQuestions1089, GeoQuery
- Knowledge/Place Prediction: GeoQuestions1089, GeoQuery, Ms Marco
- Reasoning/Scenario Complex QA: GeoSQA, GKMC
- Reasoning/Spatial Reasoning: SpartUN, StepGame, SpatialEvalLLM
- Application/POI Recommendation: TourismQA, NY-QA
- Application/Path Finding: GridRoute, PPNL
These datasets have been preprocessed in order to be easily accessible.
import datasets
dataset = datasets.load_dataset("rfr2003/Geo_Benchmark", "GeoSQA")
Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
The dataset is used for Text Generation.
Languages
All datasets are in English (en).
Dataset Structure
As this dataset contains very heterogenous tasks, almost every dataset as a different data structure.
Data Instances
TO DO
Data Fields
TO DO
Data Splits
| Category | Tasks | Datasets | Train | Dev | Test |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Knowledge | Coordinates Prediction | GeoQuestions1089 | – | – | 84 |
| Yes/No questions | GeoQuestions1089 | – | – | 181 | |
| Regression | GeoQuestions1089 GeoQuery |
– 180 |
– 17 |
234 88 |
|
| Place prediction | GeoQuestions1089 GeoQuery MS-Marco |
– 348 23 513 |
– 32 4 149 |
455 184 2 907 |
|
| ────────── | ────────── | ────────── | ────────── | ────────── | ────────── |
| Reasoning | Scenario Complex QA | GeoSQA GKMC |
– – |
– – |
4 110 1 600 |
| Spatial Reasoning | SpatialEvalLLM SpartUN StepGame |
– 37 095 50 000 |
– 5 600 5 000 |
1 400 5 551 100 000 |
|
| ────────── | ────────── | ────────── | ────────── | ────────── | ────────── |
| Application | POI Recommendation | TourismQA NY-QA |
19 960 – |
2 119 – |
2 173 1 347 |
| Path Finding | bAbI (task 19) GridRoute PPNL |
9 000 – 69 472 |
1 000 – 8 684 |
1 000 300 74 484 |
|
| ────────── | ────────── | ────────── | ────────── | ────────── | ────────── |
| Total | – | – | 236 290 | 29 942 | 176 628 |
Dataset Creation
Curation Rationale
[Needs More Information]
Source Data
Initial Data Collection and Normalization
[Needs More Information]
Who are the source language producers?
[Needs More Information]
Annotations
Annotation process
[Needs More Information]
Who are the annotators?
[Needs More Information]
Personal and Sensitive Information
[Needs More Information]
Considerations for Using the Data
Social Impact of Dataset
[Needs More Information]
Discussion of Biases
[Needs More Information]
Other Known Limitations
[Needs More Information]
Additional Information
Dataset Curators
[Needs More Information]
Licensing Information
[Needs More Information]
Citation Information
Thanks for all the authors of the all the datasets. If you use this Benchmark, please cite their work too.
@misc{huang2021retrieverreadermeetsscenariobasedmultiplechoice,
title={When Retriever-Reader Meets Scenario-Based Multiple-Choice Questions},
author={Zixian Huang and Ao Wu and Yulin Shen and Gong Cheng and Yuzhong Qu},
year={2021},
eprint={2108.13875},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CL},
url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.13875},
}
@inproceedings{finegan-dollak-etal-2018-improving,
title = "Improving Text-to-{SQL} Evaluation Methodology",
author = "Finegan-Dollak, Catherine and
Kummerfeld, Jonathan K. and
Zhang, Li and
Ramanathan, Karthik and
Sadasivam, Sesh and
Zhang, Rui and
Radev, Dragomir",
editor = "Gurevych, Iryna and
Miyao, Yusuke",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
month = jul,
year = "2018",
address = "Melbourne, Australia",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://aclanthology.org/P18-1033/",
doi = "10.18653/v1/P18-1033",
pages = "351--360",
}
@inproceedings{data-geography-original
dataset = {Geography, original},
author = {John M. Zelle and Raymond J. Mooney},
title = {Learning to Parse Database Queries Using Inductive Logic Programming},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence - Volume 2},
year = {1996},
pages = {1050--1055},
location = {Portland, Oregon},
url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1864519.1864543},
}
@misc{huang2019geosqabenchmarkscenariobasedquestion,
title={GeoSQA: A Benchmark for Scenario-based Question Answering in the Geography Domain at High School Level},
author={Zixian Huang and Yulin Shen and Xiao Li and Yuang Wei and Gong Cheng and Lin Zhou and Xinyu Dai and Yuzhong Qu},
year={2019},
eprint={1908.07855},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CL},
url={https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.07855},
}
@misc{li2025gridroutebenchmarkllmbasedroute,
title={GridRoute: A Benchmark for LLM-Based Route Planning with Cardinal Movement in Grid Environments},
author={Kechen Li and Yaotian Tao and Ximing Wen and Quanwei Sun and Zifei Gong and Chang Xu and Xizhe Zhang and Tianbo Ji},
year={2025},
eprint={2505.24306},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.AI},
url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.24306},
}
@article{DBLP:journals/corr/NguyenRSGTMD16,
author = {Tri Nguyen and
Mir Rosenberg and
Xia Song and
Jianfeng Gao and
Saurabh Tiwary and
Rangan Majumder and
Li Deng},
title = {{MS} {MARCO:} {A} Human Generated MAchine Reading COmprehension Dataset},
journal = {CoRR},
volume = {abs/1611.09268},
year = {2016},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1611.09268},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
eprint = {1611.09268},
timestamp = {Mon, 13 Aug 2018 16:49:03 +0200},
biburl = {https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/NguyenRSGTMD16.bib},
bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}
}
@inbook{placequestions,
author = {Hamzei, Ehsan and Li, Haonan and Vasardani, Maria and Baldwin, Timothy and Winter, Stephan and Tomko, Martin},
year = {2020},
month = {01},
pages = {3-19},
title = {Place Questions and Human-Generated Answers: A Data Analysis Approach},
isbn = {978-3-030-14745-7},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-14745-7_1}
}
@inproceedings{aghzal2024can,
title={Can Large Language Models be Good Path Planners? A Benchmark and Investigation on Spatial-temporal Reasoning},
author={Aghzal, Mohamed and Plaku, Erion and Yao, Ziyu},
booktitle={ICLR 2024 Workshop on Large Language Model (LLM) Agents},
year={2024}
}
@inproceedings{mirzaee-kordjamshidi-2022-transfer,
title = "Transfer Learning with Synthetic Corpora for Spatial Role Labeling and Reasoning",
author = "Mirzaee, Roshanak and
Kordjamshidi, Parisa",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
month = dec,
year = "2022",
address = "Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://aclanthology.org/2022.emnlp-main.413",
pages = "6148--6165",
abstract = "",
}
@article{yamada2023evaluating,
title={Evaluating Spatial Understanding of Large Language Models},
author={Yamada, Yutaro and Bao, Yihan and Lampinen, Andrew K and Kasai, Jungo and Yildirim, Ilker},
journal={Transactions on Machine Learning Research},
year={2024}
}
@inproceedings{10.1145/3459637.3482320,
author = {Contractor, Danish and Shah, Krunal and Partap, Aditi and Singla, Parag and Mausam, Mausam},
title = {Answering POI-recommendation Questions using Tourism Reviews},
year = {2021},
isbn = {9781450384469},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3459637.3482320},
doi = {10.1145/3459637.3482320},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Information \& Knowledge Management},
pages = {281–291},
numpages = {11},
keywords = {large scale qa, poi-recommendation, question answering, real world task, tourism qa},
location = {Virtual Event, Queensland, Australia},
series = {CIKM '21}
}
@misc{li2024locationawaremodularbiencoder,
title={Location Aware Modular Biencoder for Tourism Question Answering},
author={Haonan Li and Martin Tomko and Timothy Baldwin},
year={2024},
eprint={2401.02187},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CL},
url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.02187},
}
@inproceedings{10.1007/978-3-031-47243-5_15,
title = {Benchmarking Geospatial Question Answering Engines Using the Dataset GeoQuestions1089},
author = {Sergios-Anestis Kefalidis, Dharmen Punjani, Eleni Tsalapati,
Konstantinos Plas, Mariangela Pollali, Michail Mitsios,
Myrto Tsokanaridou, Manolis Koubarakis and Pierre Maret},
booktitle = {The Semantic Web - {ISWC} 2023 - 22nd International Semantic Web Conference,
Athens, Greece, November 6-10, 2023, Proceedings, Part {II}},
year = {2023}
}
@inproceedings{stepGame2022shi,
title={StepGame: A New Benchmark for Robust Multi-Hop Spatial Reasoning in Texts},
author={Shi, Zhengxiang and Zhang, Qiang and Lipani, Aldo},
volume={36},
url={https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/21383},
DOI={10.1609/aaai.v36i10.21383},
booktitle={Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
year={2022},
month={Jun.},
pages={11321-11329}
}
@inproceedings{Yang_2022, series={SIGIR ’22},
title={GETNext: Trajectory Flow Map Enhanced Transformer for Next POI Recommendation},
url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3477495.3531983},
DOI={10.1145/3477495.3531983},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 45th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval},
publisher={ACM},
author={Yang, Song and Liu, Jiamou and Zhao, Kaiqi},
year={2022},
month=jul, pages={1144–1153},
collection={SIGIR ’22}
}
@ARTICLE{6844862,
author={Yang, Dingqi and Zhang, Daqing and Zheng, Vincent W. and Yu, Zhiyong},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems},
title={Modeling User Activity Preference by Leveraging User Spatial Temporal Characteristics in LBSNs},
year={2015},
volume={45},
number={1},
pages={129-142},
keywords={Tensile stress;Data models;Context modeling;Correlation;Hidden Markov models;Location based social networks;spatial;temporal;tensor factorization;user activity preference;Location based social networks;spatial;temporal;tensor factorization;user activity preference},
doi={10.1109/TSMC.2014.2327053}
}
@inproceedings{10.1145/3539618.3591770,
author = {Yan, Xiaodong and Song, Tengwei and Jiao, Yifeng and He, Jianshan and Wang, Jiaotuan and Li, Ruopeng and Chu, Wei},
title = {Spatio-Temporal Hypergraph Learning for Next POI Recommendation},
year = {2023},
isbn = {9781450394086},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3539618.3591770},
doi = {10.1145/3539618.3591770},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 46th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval},
pages = {403–412},
numpages = {10},
keywords = {graph transformer, hypergraph, next poi recommendation},
location = {Taipei, Taiwan},
series = {SIGIR '23}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{10605522,
author={Feng, Shanshan and Lyu, Haoming and Li, Fan and Sun, Zhu and Chen, Caishun},
booktitle={2024 IEEE Conference on Artificial Intelligence (CAI)},
title={Where to Move Next: Zero-shot Generalization of LLMs for Next POI Recommendation},
year={2024},
volume={},
number={},
pages={1530-1535},
keywords={Accuracy;Large language models;Computational modeling;Buildings;Chatbots;Cognition;Data models;LLMs;Next POI Recommendation;Zero-shot;Spatial-Temporal Data},
doi={10.1109/CAI59869.2024.00277}
}
Contributions
TO DO