MURAD: Multi-domain Unified Reverse Arabic Dictionary

Overview

MURAD (Multi-domain Unified Reverse Arabic Dictionary) is an open Arabic lexical dataset designed to support research in computational linguistics, lexicography, and Arabic natural language processing (NLP). The dataset contains 95,000 word–definition pairs spanning multiple scientific, religious, and linguistic domains.

Arabic is a linguistically and culturally rich language with a vast vocabulary; however, large-scale, structured lexical resources that link Arabic words to precise definitions remain limited. MURAD addresses this gap by aggregating and standardizing definitions from trusted reference works and educational sources.

The dataset is particularly suitable for:

• Reverse dictionary modeling
• Semantic retrieval and search
• Lexical semantics research
• Educational and digital humanities tools
• Arabic NLP benchmarking and evaluation

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Dataset Description

Each record in MURAD consists of:

• Target Arabic term
• Standardized Arabic definition
• Source metadata, including domain and reference ID

The data were extracted using a hybrid processing pipeline that integrates:

• Direct text parsing
• Optical Character Recognition (OCR)
• Automated reconstruction and normalization

This pipeline was designed to ensure high accuracy, clarity, and consistency across heterogeneous source materials.

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Domain Coverage

MURAD covers a wide range of domains, including but not limited to:

• Linguistics
• Islamic studies and jurisprudence
• Psychology
• Mathematics
• Physics
• Chemistry
• Engineering (mechanical, electrical, electronic)
• Machine learning, deep learning, and data science
• Measurement and scientific terminology

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Data Format

The dataset is released in a structured, machine-readable format suitable for direct use in NLP pipelines. Each entry aligns a single Arabic term with its definition and associated metadata identifying the source and domain.

(Refer to the dataset files in this repository for exact field specifications.)

Column name	Description
word	The target Arabic word or term.
definition	The formal Arabic definition associated with the word, reconstructed for clarity and consistency.
reference	An identifier that refers to the source from which the data were extracted, as listed in the Sources table above.

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Sources and References

The following table lists the primary Arabic reference sources used to compile the MURAD dataset. Counts indicate the number of word–definition pairs extracted from each source. Reference IDs correspond to internal, file-based identifiers used in the dataset metadata.

Ref	Original Arabic Title	English Translation of the Title	Count
1	معجم الكليات للكفوي	Al-Kafawi's Dictionary of Universals	14,476
2	كتاب التعريفات للجرجاني	Al-Jurjani's Book of Definitions	1,399
3	معجم مصطلحات الكيمياء	Dictionary of Chemistry Terms	4,468
4	معجم مصطلحات تعلم الآلة	Dictionary of Machine Learning Terms	1,758
5	معجم مصطلحات الرياضيات	Dictionary of Mathematical Terms	7,808
6	معجم مصطلحات الفيزياء	Dictionary of Physics Terms	5,081
7	معجم مصطلحات القياس العربي	Dictionary of Arabic Measurement Terms	550
8	معجم مصطلحات علم النفس	Dictionary of Psychology Terms	4,157
9	معجم مصطلحات هندسة الميكانيكا	Dictionary of Mechanical Engineering Terms	1,569
10	كتاب المصطلح في العلوم العربية	Book of Terminology in Arabic Sciences	13,181
11	المعجم الموسوعي لمصطلحات اللسانيات التطبيقية	Encyclopedic Dictionary of Applied Linguistics Terms	13,350
12	معجم مصطلحات العلوم الشرعية	Dictionary of Islamic Jurisprudence Terms	9,965
13	معجم مصطلحات الهندسة الكهربائية والإلكترونية والاتصالات	Dictionary of Electrical, Electronic, and Communication Engineering Terms	1,423
14	معجم دستور العلماء	Dictionary of Scholars' Terminology	7,908
15	موسوعة مصطلحات العقيدة	Encyclopedia of Faith Terminology	4,160
16	معجم المصطلحات	General Terminology Dictionary	3,750
17	معجم البيانات والذكاء الاصطناعي	SDAIA Data and Artificial Intelligence Glossary	1,208

Intended Use

MURAD is intended for research and educational purposes, including:

• Training and evaluating Arabic NLP models
• Studying Arabic lexical semantics and definition modeling
• Building reverse dictionaries and semantic search systems
• Supporting digital lexicography and curriculum development

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License and Availability

This dataset is released openly to promote reproducible research and broader access to high-quality Arabic lexical resources.
Please consult the repository’s license file for detailed usage terms.

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Citation

If you use MURAD in your work, please cite the dataset appropriately as described in this repository.

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