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TwiceTold
TwiceTold holds 50 short stories that people wrote from scratch, each working only from the outline of an AI-generated story, together with the 50 AI stories those outlines came from. The ideas in every story are the AI's. The prose of the 50 rewrites is human. A detector of who wrote the prose should call the rewrites human. A detector of whose ideas they are should call them AI. The name comes from Nathaniel Hawthorne's Twice-Told Tales.
Construction
- AI stories: GPT-5.6 Sol (high reasoning effort) wrote a 500-word story for each of 50 genres, from the prompt "Write me a 500 word story in {genre}".
- Outlines: an outline of each AI story was extracted: an ordered list of
[Role] contentitems. - Rewrites: 17 computer science graduate students and faculty each received one or more outlines, and wrote the story in person rather than through crowdsourcing, to reduce the chance of AI use during writing.
Writers are identified only by pseudonymous ids (W01-W17). No other information about them is included.
Fields
| Field | Description |
|---|---|
id |
twicetold_NN_human (the rewrite) or twicetold_NN_ai (the original AI story) |
story |
pair number (1-50): a rewrite and its original share it |
kind |
which of the two this row is |
prose_author |
human for rewrites, ai for originals |
idea_author |
ai for both |
writer |
pseudonymous writer id (rewrites only) |
genre |
the story's genre |
generation_prompt |
the prompt that produced the original AI story |
writer_outline |
the outline the writer worked from, one [Role] content line per item |
words, text |
the story |
idealens_p_ai, proselens_p_ai |
IdeaLens and ProseLens P(AI), from one extraction run |
editlens_score, pangram4_p_ai |
EditLens-3B score; Pangram 4 weighted P(AI) (rewrites only) |
Caveats
- The IdeaLens scores here come from one outline extraction. The counts in the paper come from a separate extraction, so they can differ by a few stories.
- Fifty stories in one domain (short fiction) is a small evaluation set.
License
The human-written stories are released under CC BY 4.0. The original AI stories and outlines were produced with OpenAI models and are subject to OpenAI's terms.
Citation
@article{idealens2026,
title = {IdeaLens: Detecting AI Ideas in Long-form Writing},
author = {Anonymous},
journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:TBD},
year = {2026},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/TBD}
}
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