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cerebellar ataxia is a frequent and often - disabling syndrome that is mainly characterized by limb and gait ataxia as well as speech and ocular function impairment . in the majority of cases
so far , treatment of cerebellar ataxia has remained a difficult task as no medication has yet been proven really effective .
th... | no existing medication has yet been shown to convincingly improve cerebellar ataxia .
therefore , the identification of new drugs for its symptomatic treatment is desirable .
the objective of this case series was to evaluate the efficacy of treatment of cerebellar ataxia with the amino acid acetyl - dl - leucine (... | Introduction
Design/methods
Results
Discussion |
there had been no pain or dysphonia but a bothersome sensation related to progressive surface roughness that prompted her to seek care .
she was otherwise healthy ; a small congenital melanocytic nevus affecting the right inner thigh had been excised during early childhood . on examination
, there was no palpable cervi... | oral pigmented lesions are uncommon and congenital melanocytic nevi are especially rare .
we report a case of a patient with multiple congenital melanocytic nevi including a palatal lesion .
this is reported to add to the scant literature that exists on this subject .
prognosis and management are discussed . | Case Report
Discussion |
the production of nano-
and microfibers has gained increasing interest
due to the large number of promising applications , including filtration ,
textiles , medical , protective , structural , electrical , and optical
materials and coatings .
in particular , an intriguing feature of electrospun
fibers is the ... | we study the effects of a controlled
gas flow on the dynamics of
electrified jets in the electrospinning process .
the main idea is
to model the air drag effects of the gas flow by using a nonlinear
langevin - like approach .
the model is employed to investigate the dynamics
of electrified polymer jets a... | Introduction
Model of Electrospinning
in a Gas Flow
Results and Discussion
Summary and Conclusions |
cataract development is one of the major causes of visual impairment and eventual blindness.1,2 while cataract surgery has the potential of decreasing blindness due to this disease , the problem is so huge that it is difficult to eliminate it to the desired level , even by 2020 .
in fact , despite enhancement of surgic... | previous biochemical and morphological studies with animal experiments have demonstrated that caffeine given topically or orally to certain experimental animal models has significant inhibitory effect on cataract formation .
the present studies were undertaken to examine if there is a correlation between coffee drin... | Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion |
we describe the first documented case of gallbladder agenesis where the clinical presentation was consistent with biliary colic , and radiological investigation suggested the presence of gallstones within a collapsed , fibrosed gallbladder .
subsequent operative findings revealed a solitary haemangioma of the liver sit... | gallbladder agenesis is uncommon . in contrast , liver haemangiomas are the most common type of benign liver lesions .
we describe the first documented case of gallbladder agenesis where the clinical presentation was consistent with biliary colic , and radiological investigation suggested the presence of gallstones ... | 1. Introduction
2. Case Presentation
3. Discussion
4. Conclusion |
null | we report the first total synthesis
of the complex akuammiline
alkaloid picrinine , which was first isolated nearly five decades ago .
our synthetic approach features a concise assembly of the [ 3.3.1]-azabicyclic
core , a key fischer indolization reaction to forge the natural product s
carbon framework , ... | Supplementary Material |
null | the fundamental reactivity or stability of the chloroethylene molecules affects their hepatotoxic potential .
extent and symmetry of the chlorine substitution , which alters electron delocalization , charge polarization , and solubility , affect biologic response .
the most nonsymmetrically depolarized chloroethyl... | Images |
despite contemporary evidence - based care , including revascularization and dual antiplatelet therapy , patients with acute coronary syndromes ( acss ) remain at risk of recurrent ischaemic events .
oral vitamin k antagonists have been shown to prevent recurrent ischaemic events after acs , both as mono - therapy and ... | backgroundoral anticoagulation in addition to antiplatelet treatment after an acute coronary syndrome might reduce ischaemic events but increase bleeding risk .
we performed a meta - analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding direct thrombin or factor - xa inhibition by any of the novel oral anticoagulan... | Introduction
Methods
Identification of studies
Outcomes, data collection, and quality assessment
Statistical analysis
Results
Discussion
Strengths and limitations
Conclusions
Supplementary material
Funding
Supplementary Material |
agitation , referring to a syndrome involving emotional distress , excessive psychomotor activity , aggression , irritability , disinhibition , and/or vocal disruptive behaviors unexplained by apparent needs , or confusion,1,2 is a very common phenomenon in the course of dementia.35 it can afflict patients at any level... | dementia - related behavioral disturbances are mostly treated with antipsychotics ; however , the observed beneficial effects are modest and the risk of serious adverse effects high .
we report the case of a 57-year - old woman with severe early - onset alzheimer s disease and severe agitation , whom we treated with... | Introduction
Case
Discussion |
during 20052010 ( time span needed to cover the study area ) and during the months more favorable for infection ( october april ) , foxes were either shot at night or trapped .
therefore , a grid of 5 km 5 km to 10 km 10 km , depending on the department size , was superimposed over the sampling area , and no more th... | during 20052010 , we investigated echinococcus multilocularis infection within fox populations in a large area in france .
the parasite is much more widely distributed than hitherto thought , spreading west , with a much higher prevalence than previously reported .
the parasite also is present in the large conurba... | The Study
Conclusions |
the most recent 2009 usrds report observed high first- and second - month death rates after hd initiation .
the choice study reported 50% higher mortality rates in patients initiating hd with a tc as compared to patients with an avf .
there was a trend toward higher mortality rates ( 21% increased ) in incident hd pa... |
background .
the contribution of the hemodialysis ( hd ) vascular access type to inflammation is unclear . methods .
we conducted a prospective observational study in an incident hd population .
c - reactive protein ( crp ) , interleukin-6 ( il-6 ) , and interferon--induced protein ( ip-10 ) were measured be... | 1. Introduction
2. Subjects and Methods
3. Statistical Analysis
4. Results
5. Multivariate Analyses
6. Discussion |
with the increased incidence of chronic renal failure , radiocontrast studies are important for diagnosis and treatment .
therefore , the use of iodinated radiocontrast media in computed tomography ( ct ) and angiography is often required in these patients [ 13 ] . the european society for urogenital radiology guid... | although the characteristics and safety of radiocontrast media in peritoneal dialysis ( pd ) patients are not yet well defined , their use in pd patients is considered generally safe . in this study , we evaluated clearance and adverse events of iopamidol in pd patients .
we measured the iopamidol concentration in t... | 1. Introduction
2. Subjects and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion |
traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) caused by motor vehicle accidents , firearms , and falls are recorded as a leading cause of death and lifelong disability among young adults.[14 ] the glasgow coma scale ( gcs ) has been extensively studied for its ability to predict outcomes in tbi patients .
representative tbis that cou... | background : characteristics of extracranial injury in patients with diffuse axonal injury ( dai ) have not been clarified.materials and methods : this retrospective study reviewed medical records from january 2003 to december 2007 .
subjects comprised 35 patients meeting the following criteria : 1 ) head injury wit... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION |
the subversionary thoughts of many researchers in the field of implants have resulted in an unprecedented rise of several implant surfaces and research .
the osteoblastic cell behavior acts as a yardstick to assess the success of such surfaces .
the quest for better osseointegration has not only fuelled the demand of m... | aim : the aim of the study was to comparatively analyze the in vitro cell adhesion between nano coated titanium dioxide , and calcium hydroxyapatite ( ha ) coated titanium samples.materials and methods : nano coated titanium dioxide , and calcium ha were coated onto the titanium samples by drop casting with nafion mem... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Coating of nano particles of titanium dioxide and hydroxyapatite
Titanium dioxide nano particle coated samples
Elemental analysis of the coated titanium dioxide
Cell culture
Scanning electron microscope: Analysis
RESULTS
Calcium hydroxyapatite nano particles with osteoblastic cell gro... |
recently , endoscopic papillotomy ( e.p.t . ) has achieved wide acceptance as an alternative to surgery for the management of choledocholithiasis . however , there are several of problems , one of which relates to the size of the stone .
a stone larger than 2.5 cm in diameter has been regarded as a contraindication of ... | a previously cholecystectomized man presented on endoscopic retrograde cholangiography with a large stone ( 622 cm ) in the common bile duct.the patient refused surgical removal of the stone , so although endoscopic papillotomy was contrainicated , it was attempted .
herein is presented a case report of successful r... | INTRODUCTION
REPORT OF CASE
DISCUSSION |
massively parallel sequencing , also called next - generation sequencing , has dramatically lowered the cost of genomic sequencing for multiple genetic conditions . best ethical and clinical practice for clinical diagnostic testing using traditional targeted sequencing technologies requires obtaining informed consent a... | purpose : the american college of medical genetics and genomics released practice guidelines recommending reporting of incidental findings from exome and whole - genome sequencing by massively parallel ( next - generation ) sequencing for multiple conditions .
policy statements from other agencies are still being de... | Introduction
Materials and Methods
In silico model
Validation of model
Assessing the impact of deviations from reported variant prevalence rates
Simulating the effects of increasing the number of tested conditions
Results
IFs and AD inheritance
Increasing the list of mandatory reporting conditions
Discussion
The rate o... |
personality disorders are made up of a group of psychiatric disorders that all share a common feature of an enduring , maladaptive behavior pattern markedly deviating from social expectations .
personality disorders are often diagnosed in early adulthood , and though some symptoms can be mitigated , they last a lifetim... | background : personality disorders can lead to some disability .
however , little is known about the disability prevalence and function impairments . this study aimed to describe the disability prevalence attributed to personality disorders ,
its distribution , impairments of daily activities and social functions ... | I
M
Study population
Screening and diagnosis of disability attributed to personality disorders
Statistical analysis
R
Demographic distribution
Disability prevalence rate attributed to personality disorders in Chinese adults and its sociodemographic distribution
The severity of disability attributed to personality disor... |
the differential diagnosis of predominant plasmacytoid cells on thyroid fine - needle aspirates should also include ptl with extensive plasmacytic differentiation , besides plasmacytoma .
further studies are required to assess plasmacytic differentiation in various thyroid lymphomas so as to differentiate them from pla... | primary thyroid gland lymphomas ( ptls ) typically occur in middle - to older - aged individuals in the setting of lymphocytic thyroiditis with a predilection for females . diffuse large b - cell lymphoma is the most frequent histologic subtype of thyroid lymphomas .
small lymphocytic lymphoma ( sll ) belongs to the... | What Is Known about This Topic
What Does This Case Report Add
Introduction
Case Report
Discussion
Conclusion
Disclosure Statement |
partial sacrectomy is usually performed when a sacral tumor involves high - level sacral vertebra .
traditionally , surgical treatment without reconstruction often damaged the sacroiliac joint and the ligaments around it , and was often associated with prolonged immobilization during the recovery phase .
thus , lumbosa... | backgroundthe biomechanical property of mgt for patients who underwent partial sacrectomy is not well documented , so this study aimed to investigate biomechanical property of lumbosacral reconstruction after partial sacrectomy.material/methodsthree 3-dimensional finite element models of lumbosacral region were establ... | Background
Material and Methods
Design
FEM of intact lumbosacral region (INT)
FEM of defective lumbosacral region (DEF)
FEM of reconstructed lumbosacral region (REC)
Boundary and loading condition
Model validation
Results
Displacement and stiffness of models
Stress of instruments
Discussion
Conclusions |
laparoscopic surgery provides a higher degree of patient satisfaction than does open surgery from a cosmetic perspective , and it is also effective in reducing postoperative pain , operative wound complications , blood loss , and the length of hospital stay . accordingly , it has been remarkably developed in the field ... | purposewe present our initial experience with laparoendoscopic single - site surgery ( less ) by a single surgeon in the urologic field.materials and methodsfrom may 2009 to april 2010 , 30 consecutive patients underwent less including seven cases of nephrectomy , five cases of nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff exc... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS |
nonscalpel vasectomy ( nsv ) is a modified and sophisticated technique of vasectomy that requires no incision but only a small puncture and no stitches .
this is a safe and simple procedure that can be performed in low - resource settings .
nsv technique was introduced in india in 1992 to increase male participation in... | though nonscalpel vasectomy ( nsv ) technique was introduced in india in 1992 to increase male participation in family planning , it has failed to get adequate momentum and to achieve its goal .
we conducted a cross - sectional questionnaire - based survey to get insight into apathy of men towards nsv .
the study ... | 1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion |
with the proliferation of cross - sectional imaging , detection of an incidental adrenal mass has become a common problem .
adrenal incidentalomas are detected on approximately 5 to 8% of all high - resolution abdominal imaging studies .
the diagnostic strategy is well established for adrenal adenomas and relies on the... | the purpose of this paper was to study the value of 18-fdg pet / ct and reassess the value of ct for the characterization of indeterminate adrenal masses .
66 patients with 67 indeterminate adrenal masses were included in our study .
ct / mri images and 18f - fdg pet / ct data were evaluated blindly for tumor morp... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion |
classical ( pre-1950 ) biophysics ( reviewed in gratzer , 2011 ; pederson , 2014 ) did not worry much about differences between nucleus and cytoplasm , mainly because the focus of physiology was on the latter compartment ( needham , 1971 ) and in particular on actomyosin function ( hanson and huxley , 1953 ) .
francis ... | the nucleus is physically distinct from the cytoplasm in ways that suggest new ideas and approaches for interrogating the operation of this organelle .
chemical bond formation and breakage underlie the lives of cells , but as this special issue of molecular biology of the cell attests , the nonchemical aspects of ce... | THE NUCLEUS BACK THEN
THE MODERN AND POSTMODERN NUCLEUS
PHYSICAL BIOLOGY OF THE NUCLEUS
THE CHROMOSOMES
THE NUCLEOPLASM
THE NUCLEAR PERIPHERY
SUMMARY |
it occurs in 0.4% to 2% of patients with ibd , with a slightly higher prevalence in patients with uc than in those with cd.12 approximately 36% to 50% of patients with pg have underlying ibd.2 the correlation between clinical activity of the intestinal disease and the appearance of skin lesions is controversial .
as th... | pyoderma gangrenosum ( pg ) is an uncommon extra - intestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease ( ibd ) . despite limited published literature ,
biologics have caused a paradigm shift in the management of this difficult - to - treat skin condition .
the clinical data and outcomes of three patients with a... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORTS
1. Case 1
2. Case 2
3. Case 3
DISCUSSION |
medical education aims to prepare medical students for clinical practice . educational environment is the most important factor effecting on students training and achievements ( 1 - 3 ) .
therefore , evaluating the educational setting can show defects in medical education and help to solve them ( 4 ) .
this study was d... | background : tertiary pediatric hospitals usually provide excellent clinical services , but such centers have a lot to do for educational perfection.objectives:this study was performed to address under - graduate educational deficits and find feasible solutions.patients and methods : this cross - sectional study was d... | 1. Background
2. Objectives
3. Patients and Methods
3.1. Participants
3.2. Medical Setting
3.3. Instrument
3.4. Statistical Analysis
4. Results
5. Discussion |
null | neurotoxic substances affect the nervous system in a selective manner . one possible basis for this selectivity is blood vessel permeability . in general , the central nervous system and
the peripheral nerve trunks have impermeable blood vessels , but in certain parts the capillaries are " leaky , " allowing the pas... | Images |
thousands of dental restorations are placed everyday in children by dentists , dental students and ancillary personnel with reasonable clinical background knowledge in the management of dental caries .
these restorations are performed at any time and place on the planet earth , yet it is well known that the earth does ... | objective : temperature fluctuations and material mixing times are likely to affect the consistency and integrity of the material mixture , and hence the restoration made out of it .
the purpose of the present study was to determine the influence of the ambient temperature and the mixing time of glass ionomer cement... | Introduction
Materials and Methods
Subjects
Procedure
Evaluations
Statistical analysis
Results
Discussion
Temperature as a factor
Mixing time as a factor
Conclusion |
the 21-day experimental gingivitis model is an established noninvasive model in humans for investigating the induction and resolution of inflammation in response to increasing bacterial accumulation . from its inception in 1965 , this model of inflammation has been used to assess how drugs,(3 ) bioactive compounds in d... | the 21-day experimental gingivitis model , an established noninvasive model of inflammation in response to increasing bacterial accumulation in humans , is designed to enable the study of both the induction and resolution of inflammation . here
, we have analyzed gingival crevicular fluid , an oral fluid comprising ... | Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion |
infertility , a reproductive health condition prevalent among one in every four couples in the developing countries , is a neglected problem .
india alone accounts for 30 million couples of infertility of the total 48.5 million globally affected couples .
assisted reproductive technologies ( art ) such as in vitro fert... | background : several global studies have assessed maternal and perinatal outcomes and complications with the type of embryo transfer ( et ) following in vitro fertilization / intracytoplasmic sperm injection ( ivf / icsi ) . the present study assessed the incidence of maternal and perinatal outcomes and complications ... | INTRODUCTION
METHODOLOGY
Study characteristics
Eligibility criteria
Data collection
Outcomes assessed
Statistical analysis
RESULTS
Patient profile
Outcomes in different groups
Maternal complications
Perinatal outcomes
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
hamartomas of the head and neck generally , as well as the sinonasal tract specifically , are very rare .
respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma ( reah ) and chondro - osseous respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma ( coreah ) are examples of hamartomas comprising both epithelial and mesenchymal components .... | summary
introduction : chondro - osseous respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma ( coreah ) is a benign lesion of the nose and sinuses that is extremely rare , with only 2 cases reported in the literature to date .
case report : we present herein the third reported case of coreah , in a 38-year - old woma... | Introduction
Case Report
Pathology
Discussion |
kidney transplantation is the standard of care for many patients with end stage renal disease ( esrd ) , and has been found to be significantly more effective in improving patient quality of life , physical functioning , and psychosocial functioning ( 1 ) . since 1988 , the prevalence of both dialysis patients and tran... | end stage renal disease impacts many americans , however , transplant is the best treatment option increasing life years and offering a higher quality of life than possible with dialysis .
ironically , many who are eligible for transplant do not follow through on the complex work - up protocols required to be placed... | Introduction
Results
Discussion
Methods |
each year , 5000 new cases of oropharyngeal cancer are diagnosed in the us , and 8590% of these are confirmed as squamous cell carcinoma ( scc ) .
cervical lymph node status remains the most important prognosticator in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma ( hnscc ) in the absence of distant metastases , reducing 5-yea... | the staging and prognosis of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is intimately tied to the status of the cervical lymph nodes . due to the high risk for occult nodal disease , most clinicians recommend treating the neck for these primary tumors . while there are many modalities available , surgical resection of noda... | 1. Introduction
2. Anatomy and Lymphatic Drainage of the Oropharynx
3. Nodal Classification
4. Diagnostic Evaluation of the Neck in OPSCC
5. Neck Dissection
6. Complications
7. Future Direction/Conclusions |
in recent years , use of electrical stimulation instead of acoustical stimulation has made much objective electrophysiological evaluation possible , that is useful for management process in young children before and after cochlear implant .
these evaluations have been used for assessment of neuronal survival before coc... | objectiveuse of electrical instead of acoustical stimulation has made much objective electrophysiological evaluation possible .
this is useful for management process of young children before and after the cochlear implant .
these evaluations have been used for assessment of neuronal survival before cochlear implan... | Introduction
Subjects and Methods
Evaluation process
Findings
Discussion
Conclusion
Conflict of Interest |
the online version of this article ( doi:10.1007/s13555 - 015 - 0068 - 3 ) contains supplementary material , which is available to authorized users .
psoriasis is a chronic , immune - mediated , inflammatory , systemic disease with predominant skin and joint manifestations . as such
, it has significant implications on... | introductionpsoriasis is a common chronic disease with significant impairment in quality of life .
as there is no cure , it often requires lifelong disease control to minimize the development of skin lesions and to relieve symptoms .
the aim of this publication is to systematically review the role of currently use... | Electronic supplementary material
Introduction
Methods
Results
Emollients
Urea
Alpha-Hydroxy Acids and Poly-Hydroxy Acids
Salicylic Acid
Monotherapy
Combination Therapy
Discussion
Conclusion
Electronic supplementary material
Conflict of interest
Compliance with ethics guidelines
Open Access |
fd may occur in one bone ( monostotic ) or multiple bones ( polyostotic ) and may be associated with other conditions like mccune albright syndrome .
clinical presentation may occur at any age , with the majority of lesions being detected by the age of 30 years .
common sites of skeletal involvement are the long bones ... | polyostotic fibrous dysplasia is a rare progressive benign disorder of the bone .
bone scintigraphy is extremely useful in the initial evaluation for identifying the extent of disease .
we report a case presenting with pathological fracture of the shaft of the right femur .
after treatment of the fracture , bone... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION |
5-hydroxytryptamine ( 5-ht , serotonin ) is a common biogenic amine found in both vertebrates and invertebrates as well as in plants [ 1 , 2 ] .
the precursor to 5-ht , tryptophan , is likey important in the early evolution of life and perhaps the early presence of tryptophan is a reason for 5-ht to be potentially the ... | the serotonergic system in vertebrates and invertebrates has been a focus for over 50 years and will likely continue in the future .
recently , genomic analysis and discovery of alternative splicing and differential expression in tissues have increased the knowledge of serotonin ( 5-ht ) receptor types .
comparati... | GENERAL BACKGROUND OF 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE AND RECEPTORS
WHY FOCUS ON NMJS?
INSECTS
CRUSTACEANS
ANNELIDS
GASTROPODS
OTHER INVERTEBRATES
SUMMARY |
vascular smooth muscle cells ( smcs ) play a vital role in the formation of mature and contractile intracranial vessel walls through smc proliferation , migration , and differentiation , and in the change in the extracellular matrix ( ecm ) components17 ) .
accordingly , an abnormal smc production pathway and altered e... | objectiveelevated cellular retinoic acid binding protein - i ( crabp - i ) is thought to be related to the abnormal proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells ( smcs ) .
accordingly , a higher crabp - i level could cause disorganized vessel walls by causing immature smc phenotypes and altering extracellular ... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Patients sample
CSF sample collection and measurement of CRABP-I
Statistical analysis
RESULTS
Enrolled patients
Comparison of CRABP-I according to the presence of hemorrhage
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION |
the methods of the original study from which these data were acquired have been previously published ( 10 ) .
briefly , 50 nursing homes with > 100 beds in four provinces ( ontario , manitoba , alberta , saskatchewan ) and four states ( minnesota , michigan , north dakota , montana ) were enrolled in the study . during... | limited data identify the risk factors for infection with enterobacteriaceae resistant to third - generation cephalosporins among residents of long - term - care facilities . using a nested case - control study design , nursing home residents with clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae resistant to third - generation... | Materials and Methods
Study Design
Case Definition
Statistical Analysis
Results
Discussion |
the group was composed of consecutive patients reporting to the department of endocrinology because of pcos and/or weight excess and of healthy nonhyperandrogenic nonobese volunteers recruited from the staff of hospital universitario ramn y cajal .
women were classified according to their bmi into obese ( bmi 30 kg / m... | objectiveincreased serum ferritin levels and iron stores may be involved in the development of abnormal glucose tolerance in women presenting with obesity and/or polycystic ovary syndrome ( pcos ) .
we aimed to study the determinants of serum ferritin levels in premenopausal women among indexes of insulin resistance... | RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
DNA analysis
Statistical analysis
RESULTS
CONCLUSIONS |
coronary artery disease ( cad ) is one of the most important causes of left ventricular systolic dysfunction ( lvsd ) and it is found in approximately 68% of patients with lvsd.1 ) because left ventricular ( lv ) function and prognosis can be improved with successful revascularization , differentiation of significant c... | background and objectivescoronary artery disease ( cad ) is a major cause of heart failure associated with left ventricular systolic dysfunction ( lvsd ) .
the prognosis of lvsd is significantly influenced by the etiology of heart failure and therefore , differentiation of significant cad from other etiologies is im... | Introduction
Subjects and Methods
Study population
Two dimensional echocardiography
Carotid intima-media thickness and plaque definition
Coronary angiography and assessment of coronary artery disease severity
Statistical analysis
Results
Carotid ultrasonographic findings and coronary artery disease
Diagnostic accuracy ... |
null | tetrazine
ligations have proven to be a powerful bioorthogonal
technique for the detection of many labeled biomolecules , but the
ligating nature of these reactions can limit reaction turnover in
templated chemistry . we have developed a transfer reaction between
7-azabenzonorbornadiene derivatives and fluor... | Supplementary Material |
venous thromboembolism ( vte ) , which includes both deep vein thrombosis ( dvt ) and pulmonary embolism ( pe ) , is a common complication of critical illness .
critically ill patients harbor many coincident risk factors for dvt , such as the need for surgery , catheters , immobility , and use of sedatives and paralyti... | introductionoutside the intensive care unit ( icu ) , clinically important deep vein thrombosis ( dvt ) is usually defined as a symptomatic event that leads to objective radiologic confirmation and subsequent treatment .
the objective of the present survey is to identify the patient factors and radiologic features o... | Introduction
Methods
Instrument development
Instrument formatting
Instrument administration
Research ethics
Analysis
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
Competing interests
Abbreviations
Key messages
Supplementary Material
Acknowledgements
Figures and Tables |
one of the most interesting properties of the brain is its ability to change in response to experience .
this property has been termed plasticity and is involved in the reorganization of cortical maps during development , and in learning and memory processes in the adult animal ( for review , see malenka and bear , 200... | it has recently been discovered that some forms of timing - dependent long - term depression ( t - ltd ) require presynaptic n - methyl - d - aspartate ( nmda ) receptors . in this review ,
we discuss the evidence for the presence of presynaptic nmda receptors at cortical synapses and their possible role in the indu... | Synaptic Plasticity and NMDA Receptors
Evidence for Presynaptic NMDA Receptors
Role of Presynaptic NMDA Receptors in Spike Timing-Dependent LTD
Mechanism of Presynaptic t-LTD
Conclusion
Conflict of Interest Statement |
drug - resistant tuberculosis and multidrug - resistant tuberculosis ( mdr - tb ) in particular represent a major threat to the fight against tuberculosis globally .
mdr - tb is defined as disease caused by strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin , the two most powerful firs... | multidrug - resistant tuberculosis ( mdr - tb ) can affect persons of any age , but it remains unknown whether children are more or less likely than adults to have mdr-tb.representative drug resistance surveillance data reported to the world health organization between 1994 and 2011 were analysed to test the associati... | Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion |
interface fluid syndrome ( ifs ) can develop after laser in situ keratomileusis ( lasik ) . if ifs occurs , intraocular pressure ( iop ) measurements become unreliable . as a result ,
glaucomatous optic neuropathy progresses , followed by a detectable increase in iop and a rapid decline in visual function .
reports hav... | abstractthis study sought to describe a glaucoma patient with interface fluid syndrome ( ifs ) induced by uncontrolled intraocular pressure ( iop ) without triggering factors after laser in situ keratomileusis ( lasik).case report and review of the literature.a 23-year - old man with open - angle glaucoma underwent bi... | INTRODUCTION
PRESENTING CONCERNS
CLINICAL FINDINGS
DIAGNOSTIC FOCUS AND ASSESSMENT
THERAPEUTIC FOCUS AND ASSESSMENT
FOLLOW-UP AND OUTCOMES
DISCUSSION |
the human genome project had made the scientific community and public believe that all biology and medicine would become understandable after the sequencing of the dna . as biology is much more complicated than the structure and function of nucleic acids ,
the study of living systems has now expanded past genomics base... | proteomics helps to understand the basic biological processes critical to normal cellular functions as well as the development of diseases .
it identifies the essential components of these processes and exploits these components as targets in the development of new methods to prevent or treat diseases .
proteomics... | Introduction
Proteomics in Gynecology
Proteomics in Obstetrics
None
Others
Conclusion |
learning disorder is one of the issues that attract a great deal of attention . the term was primarily suggested by samuel kerck in 1963 to describe a group of children who had problems in developing language , speech , reading , and communicative skills .
students suffering from these disorders , without some specia... |
background : a great deal of attention has been given to the study of learning disorders .
hence , the
aim of this research was to study the effect of emotion regulation training in decreasing emotion failures
and self - injurious behaviors among students suffering from specific learning disorder .
method... | Introduction
Methods
Research Tools
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
Acknowledgements |
the scientific community may view recovery as an outcome defined by its emphasis on symptoms amelioration and ability to function independently .
however for the consumer - focused activists and proponents , recovery is a process toward achieving , among other things , empowerment , hope , and respect .
in contrast to ... | background : recovery from schizophrenia is a complex concept . remission of symptoms of psychotic illnesses is not necessarily linked to better functioning . among various causes of disability , mental illnesses account for 12.3% of the global burden of diseases .
long - term hospitalization has been recognized as ... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION |
estimate body composition of children is not an easy task , since the relationships between body components during growth are not constant as in adults .
anthropometric - based equations remain an adequate alternative for determining the body composition of pediatric populations in field settings .
however , the advent... | the aim of this study was to propose and cross - validate an anthropometric model for the simultaneous estimation of fat mass ( fm ) , bone mineral content ( bmc ) , and lean soft tissue ( lst ) using dxa as the reference method .
a total of 408 boys ( 818 years ) were included in this sample .
whole - body fm , b... | 1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion |
tobacco is consumed in two forms : the smoked tobacco products , like cigarettes and shisha ( water pipe ) and the smokeless tobacco ( st ) .
also known as moist snuff or spit tobacco , is held in the mouth between the cheeks and gums instead of being smoked .
the dip rests on the inside lining of the mouth usually for... | dipping smokeless tobacco ( st ) is used worldwide .
we report a case of acute myocardial infarction in a young patient , who consumed smokeless tobacco ( sweka ) for over one year .
st may be as harmful as smoking and carries adverse cardiac complications .
a prompt call for restriction and prohibition is advis... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION |
anastomotic leakage and protective urinary diversion in pediatric pyeloplasty continue to be a controversial issue among pediatric urologists ( 1 , 2 ) .
some surgeons prefer a tubeless repair , while others use some varied combination of instruments , including an internal ureteral stent , nephrostomy tube , or a neph... | backgroundpyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction obstruction correction is a common procedure , but the optimal method for protective diversion after pyeloplasty is still a matter of debate.objectiveshere , we present our clinical trial experience using a single percutaneous externalized nephroureteral ( nu ) 5-fr cat... | 1. Background
2. Objectives
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Ethics
4. Results
5. Discussion
5.1. Conclusions |
injection drug use is the second leading cause of hiv and the leading cause of hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) infection in california.1 according to california hiv / aids surveillance data , injection drug use accounts for 10.4% of all newly reported aids cases and 19.1% of cases when male injection drug users ( idus ) who ... | in january 2005 , passage of california senate bill 1159 enabled california s county or city governments to establish disease prevention demonstration projects ( dpdps ) through which pharmacies could subsequently register to legally sell up to 10 syringes to adults without a prescription .
california s 61 local hea... | Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion |
the aim of therapy is recuperation or increasing life expectancy in patients with cancer . yet in order to destroy cancerous cells , various treatments including chemotherapy , radiotherapy , immunotherapy and surgery have been used .
however , a common feature of malignancy is resistance to radiation and chemotherapy ... | background : beclin1 is an important , primary molecule for autophagy.objectives:it is suggested that the control of the autophagy path increases the sensitivity of tumor cells to vsv.materials and methods : in this study , the degree of beclin1 gene expression in two cell lines , hela and a549 , has been examined and... | 1. Background
2. Objectives
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. HeLa, A549 Cell Culture and Virus Titer Determination Through TCID50
3.2. Cell Culture in 6-Well Plate for the Extraction of the Cellular RNA
3.3. Beclin1 Primer Design
3.4. Real Time PCR
3.5. MTT Assay
4. Results
4.1. Titration in HeLa and A549 Cells
4.2. Real ... |
dental caries in primary dentition has been mentioned as an important matter in the recent years because it may be predictive of later caries and also special attention is necessary to overcome this problem .
the relative influence of each factor differs noticably in individuals and is not completely recognized .
aberr... | objective : there are various risk factors which play an essential role in the multifactorial disease dental caries . although absence of interdental spaces in the primary dentition may increase the risk of dental caries , not many studies have been carried out to assess this correlation .
this study was performed... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULT
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION |
chronic myeloproliferative diseases include essential thrombocythemia ( et ) , polycythemia vera , chronic myelocytic leukemia and myelofibrosis , and cause hemorrhagic and thrombotic symptoms in many organs of the body .
purpura , subcutaneous hemorrhage , ulcer , acral gangrene , livedo symptoms , and erythromelalgia... | the patient was a 47-year - old woman with a painful ulcer that had appeared on the right 5th toe two weeks before she visited our hospital .
histopathological examination showed that thrombi were present in small blood vessels in the dermis and pancytosis was detected in a blood test , suggesting polycythemia - ass... | Introduction
Case Report
Discussion |
the public has wondered why the humidifier disinfectant disaster ( hdd ) only occurred in south korea ( here after korea ) .
the issue of how a demand for humidifier disinfectant ( hd ) formed in korea , how the product was released , and how it was distributed for over 20 years needs specialized analysis .
this study ... | the humidifier disinfectant disaster ( hdd ) was not a simple poisoning accident by biocides , but a singular disaster in history created by chemicals in household products .
this disaster was a result of the failure of a system for the management of chemical and product safety .
since the management authority for... | Introduction
Diagnosis of the Causes of the Humidifier Disinfectant Incident
The Absence of Prevention Measures From the Governments Response to the Humidifier Disinfectant Disaster
Measures to Prevent the Recurrence of a Humidifier Disinfectant Incident
Conclusion
Adopting a Product Registration and Prior Authorizatio... |
biliary atresia is the most common neonatal cholestatic disorder with a varying incidence of 1:8000 - 1:18000 .
the disease is characterized by obliteration or discontinuity of the extrahepatic bile ducts with persistent jaundice in an infant who usually looks well .
most patients with extrahepatic biliary atresia ( eh... | background / purpose : this study aims to analyze the incidence and type of various associated anomalies among infants with extrahepatic biliary atresia ( ehba ) , compare their frequency with those quoted in the existing literature and assess their role in the overall management.materials and methods : a retrospectiv... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION |
dna repair processes are indispensable for maintaining the integrity of genetic information in all organisms .
environmental agents such as chemicals , uv light , and ionizing radiation , as well as endogenous metabolic processes involving dna constantly challenge the chemical structure and stability of the genome .
dn... | dna is continuously exposed to many different damaging agents such as environmental chemicals , uv light , ionizing radiation , and reactive cellular metabolites .
dna lesions can result in different phenotypical consequences ranging from a number of diseases , including cancer , to cellular malfunction , cell death... | 1. Introduction
2. DNA Repair Data and Databases
3. Bioinformatics Tools for the Study of DNA Repair Proteins
4. Summary |
integration of iii v semiconductor devices on silicon substrates would allow the fabrication of high efficiency optoelectronic and photonic devices using the well - established complementary metal oxide semiconductor ( cmos ) technology .
although of the great technological interest , results in this field are far fro... | we propose a self - assembling procedure for the fabrication of gaas islands by droplet epitaxy on silicon substrate .
controlling substrate temperature and amount of supplied gallium is possible to tune the base size of the islands from 70 up to 250 nm and the density from 107 to 109 cm2 .
the islands show a stan... | None
Acknowledgments
Open Access |
globally , chronic illnesses are the leading cause of mortality ( 60% ) , and this is no different in developing countries , particularly in the caribbean[26 ] .
statistics indicate that 79% of all mortalities are attributable to chronic diseases , and that they are occurring in developing countries such as those in th... | background : globally , chronic illnesses are the leading cause of mortality , and this is no different in developing countries , particularly in the caribbean .
little information emerged in the literature on the changing faces of particular self - reported chronic diseases.aims:this study examines the transitions ... | Introduction
Materials and Methods
None
Data
Statistical analysis
Measures
Results
Discussion
Conclusion |
mohan s diabetes specialities center in chennai city ( formerly madras ) , in southern india , called diabetes electronic medical records , was established at the time of inception of the center in 1991 and has data of > 200,000 diabetic patients registered between 1991 and 2011 .
a preliminary analysis of the diabetes... | objectiveto compare clinical profile of long - term survivors and nonsurvivors with type 2 diabetes ( t2dm).research design and methodsafter conducting a retrospective survey of > 200,000 case records , we identified t2 dm survivors ( > 40 years of duration ) and age at diagnosis and sex - matched t2 dm nonsurvivors .... | RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Retinopathy
Nephropathy
Neuropathy
PVD
Coronary artery disease
Statistical analysis
RESULTS
Clinical characteristics
CONCLUSIONS |
severe aplastic anemia ( saa ) is a fatal disease characterized by pancytopenia and hypocellular bone marrow .
bone marrow transplantation is the treatment of choice for young patients who have a human leukocyte antigen ( hla ) matched sibling donor .
immunosuppressive treatment ( ist ) with antithymocyte globulin ( at... | antithymocyte globulin ( atg ) is used as an immunosuppressive treatment ( ist ) to deplete clonal suppressor t cells in patients with severe aplastic anemia ( saa ) .
the depletion of suppressor t cells by atg may affect the activation of b cells , which results in an increased risk for autoimmune conditions .
a ... | Introduction
Case report
Discussion |
the manual determination of cellular differentials in blood , bone marrow , and body fluids ( including urine and pleural , peritoneal , and pericardial fluids ) is a well - established diagnostic method useful in the evaluation of hematopoiesis , hematopoietic disorders , and infectious diseases .
similar methods are ... | introduction : for decades cellular differentials have been generated exclusively on analog tabletop cell counters . with the advent of tablet computers , digital cell counters in the form of mobile applications ( apps ) now represent an alternative to analog devices .
however , app - based counters have not bee... | INTRODUCTION
METHODS
App Design and Development
Case Selection
Cell Counting
Statistical Analysis
RESULTS
Cases Selected for Analysis Span a Wide Range of Cellular Differentials
Manual Differentials Generated on Peripheral Blood Smears Using Tabletop Versus App-Based Cell Counters Show No Statistically Significant Diff... |
hepatitis b virus- ( hbv- ) related end stage liver diseases ( esld ) account for over 80% of orthotopic liver transplantations ( olts ) in china , and active hbv replicative status prior to olt is present in over 50% of patients .
although hbv graft reinfection and hepatitis b ( hb ) recurrence have been controlled to... |
background .
the aim of this study was to establish a hepatitis b virus ( hbv ) vaccination protocol among orthotopic liver transplantation ( olt ) recipients under the coverage of a low - dose hepatitis b immunoglobulin ( hbig ) combined with an antiviral agent prophylaxis protocol .
method .
two hundred olt ... | 1. Introduction
2. Patients and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion |
among the neonatal seizure syndromes , benign familial neonatal convulsions ( bfnc ) , a rare autosomal dominant epilepsy characterized by unprovoked , generalized convulsions occurring in the first days of life , must be differentiated from non - epileptic paroxysmal events of the newborn and from other etiologies of ... | neonatal seizures represent a heterogeneous group of disorders with vastly different etiologies and outcomes .
benign familial neonatal convulsions ( bfnc ) are a distinctive epileptic syndrome of autosomal dominant inheritance with a favorable prognosis , characterized by the occurrence of unprovoked partial or gen... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
Index case (IIId)
Patients
DISCUSSION |
a recent report in critical care demonstrates the types of steps hospitals are taking to address the growing problem of icu capacity constraints . these steps are often necessary , as icu strain leads to serious , real - world problems .
for example , both admission delays from the emergency department to the icu and p... | icu capacity strain is associated with increased morbidity and lost hospital revenue , leading many hospitals to increase the number of icu beds . however
, this approach can lead to inefficiency and waste .
a recent report in critical care highlights a different approach : creating new service lines for low - ris... | None
Abbreviations
Competing interests |
the nematode abbreviata hastaspicula ( spirurida : physalopteridae ) occurs predominantly in varanus gouldii lizards , principally in the arid interior of australia .
it requires an arthropod intermediate host to complete its life - cycle ( mnnig , 1934 , alicata , 1937 ) .
distribution of the nematode genus abbreviata... | this study elucidates the life - cycle of the reptile inhabiting nematode abbreviata hastaspicula ( spirurida : physalopteridae : physalopterinae ) in australia .
eight varanus gouldii ( lacertilia : varanidae ) , and two christinus marmoratus ( reptilia : gekkonidae ) lizards were captured in the wild .
two v. g... | Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Discussion |
as a common head and neck cancer , nasopharyngeal carcinomas are generally either keratinizing or nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinomas .
primary nasopharyngeal adenocarcinomas ( npacs ) are rare neoplasms , constituting only 0.38% to 0.48% of all malignant nasopharyngeal neoplasms .
thyroid - like low - grade nasop... | purposeprimary low - grade thyroid - like papillary adenocarcinomas are extremely rare neoplasms that generally originate in the nasopharynx . here
, we describe a novel case of a 15-year - old chinese girl who was diagnosed with low - grade thyroid - like papillary adenocarcinoma , including a brief review of the l... | Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusion |
a 6-year - old girl presented with unilateral hearing loss . at the physical examination , the otologic status and head and neck status were normal .
pure tone audiometry and speech testing showed total deafness of the right side , but normal hearing thresholds in the left side .
an examination with brain stem electric... | a narrow internal auditory canal ( iac ) with duplication is a rare anomaly of the temporal bone .
it is associated with congenital sensorineural hearing loss .
aplasia or hypoplasia of the vestibulocochlear nerve may cause the hearing loss .
we present an unusual case of an isolated narrow iac with duplication ... | CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION |
tumor of the follicular infundibulum ( tfi ) is a rare benign neoplasm providing two distinctive clinical patterns : the solitary and the eruptive form .
the clinical presentations resemble many other dermatologic conditions and require histopathological study to make a definite diagnosis .
although the tumor is called... | backgroundtumor of the follicular infundibulum ( tfi ) is considered as a rare benign neoplasm providing two distinctive clinical patterns : the solitary and the eruptive form .
the clinical presentations resemble many other dermatologic conditions and require histopathological study to make a definite diagnosis.obj... | Electronic supplementary material
Introduction
Case Report
Compliance with Ethics
Discussion
Conclusion
Electronic supplementary material
Conflict of interest
Compliance with ethics guidelines
Open Access |
obturator hernias ( ohs ) are rare ; they represent only 0.051.4% of all abdominal wall hernias . the typical patient with an
women are affected nine times more frequently than men , because of broader pelvis with a larger triangular obturator canal opening with a greater transverse diameter , and a history of pregnanc... | obturator hernia ( oh ) is a rare type of pelvic hernia
. it can cause significant morbidity and mortality , especially in the elderly age group .
delayed treatment is associated with high rates of strangulation ( 25100% ) .
we present an 88-year - old woman who presented with symptoms of bowel obstruction and r... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION |
humeral head resurfacing was proposed as a treatment for glenohumeral arthrosis in an attempt to preserve the original anatomy and avoid humeral head resection .
preservation of humeral head maintained the native inclination , offset , head shaft angle , and version of humerus [ 13 ] .
other advantages include a shorte... |
aim . to evaluate results of aequalis humeral head resurfacing in patients with end - stage glenohumeral arthritis at a minimum followup of two years .
patients and methods .
twenty - one consecutive patients underwent humeral head resurfacing hemiarthroplasty between 2007 and 2009 .
three patients did not ful... | 1. Introduction
2. Patients and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion |
topiramate is a sulfa - derivative antiepileptic drug which is also used for other indications such as migraine , personality disorders , weight loss , neuropathic pain and , recently , essential tremor [ 1 , 2 ] .
the pharmacodynamic picture of this drug generally reflects the modulation of voltage - gated sodium and ... | topiramate is a sulfa - derivative antiepileptic drug which is also used for other indications such as essential tremor . a 79-year - old male was admitted to our center due to acute bilateral painless decline of vision .
one month before admission , he had experienced essential tremor and treatment with topiramate ... | Introduction
Case Report
Discussion
Disclosure Statement |
over the past two decades , the single most common cause of withdrawal or restriction of a medication that has already entered the market has been prolongation of the qt interval associated with polymorphic ventricular tachycardia or torsades de pointes.1 nine structurally unrelated drugs marketed in the united states ... | background : the 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 antagonists , or setrons ( eg , ondansetron ) , are commonly used for nausea and vomiting in the hospital setting . in 2001
, droperidol was given a black box warning because it was found to prolong the qt interval and induce arrhythmias .
the setrons share with droperid... | Introduction
Methods
Subjects
Study design
Statistical analysis
Results
Discussion
Conclusion |
to successfully generate organotypic cerebellar cultures use mice between p0-p3 or p8-p12 . for our experiment we used mice in the p8-p12 range because this developmental stage was more appropriate for our study .
prepare the dissection and the culture medium : brain dissection and slice preparation are carried out in ... | organotypic cultures of neuronal tissue were first introduced by hogue in 1947 1,2 and have constituted a major breakthrough in the field of neuroscience . since then , the technique was developed further and currently there are many different ways to prepare organotypic cultures .
the method presented here was adap... | Protocol
1. Organotypic Cerebellar Cultures:
2. Fas Treatment and Staining of Cerebellar Slices:
3. Representative Results:
Discussion
Disclosures |
the development of new agents targeting important cellular pathways involved in cancer progression , although promising , has so far resulted in relatively short - term benefits for the majority of patients with advanced malignancy .
cell therapy can be numbered among the novel biologic therapeutics that will increase ... | among the novel biologic therapeutics that will increase our ability to cure human cancer in the years to come , t cell therapy is one of the most promising approaches .
however , with the possible exception of tumor - infiltrating lymphocytes therapy for melanoma , clinical trials of adoptive t - cell therapy for s... | Introduction
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Cell therapy for NPC
Clinical results
Considerations on clinical data and on future strategies to ameliorate outcome
Conclusions |
this study evaluated variables already in the literature , but the breakdown and comparison among different ethnic groups is new and important to understand and be able to address the specific needs of older adults from these groups .
we evaluated a convenience sample of ethnically diverse community - dwelling older ad... | purposeto evaluate rates and factors associated with older adult falls in different ethnic groups.participants and methodsinformation on demographics , medical and falls history , and pain and physical activity levels was collected from 550 community - dwelling older adults ( 759 years old , 222 european americans , 1... | Introduction
Materials and methods
Subjects
Data collection
Statistical analysis
Results
Discussion
Conclusion |
a traumatic right diaphragmatic rupture as the result of blunt trauma is a rare condition .
the overall incidence of diaphragmatic rupture after blunt trauma is 0.8 - 3.6% ( 1 ) .
most injuries are due to vehicular - related incidents ( 79.5% ) and falling from a height ( 15.9% ) ( 2 ) .
right - sided tears are signifi... | a traumatic right diaphragmatic rupture is an uncommon condition , as it occurs in 0.8 - 3.6% after blunt trauma .
it is challenging to find the diagnosis immediately and is illustrated by the incidence of 12 - 66% initially missed diagnosis ( 1).most blunt traumatic diaphragm ruptures are an indication for early ag... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION |
kaposi 's varicelliform eruption ( kve ) , also known as eczema herpeticum , is a rare and potentially fatal viral infection , caused mainly by reactivation of herpes simplex virus ( hsv ) , predominantly type i. other viruses such as coxsackie a 16 , vaccinia , and varicella zoster have also been implicated in its pat... | kaposi 's varicelliform eruption is a rare and potentially fatal viral infection caused mainly by reactivation of herpes simplex virus .
it concomitantly occurs with pre - existing skin conditions , mostly atopic dermatitis , so it is predominately found in children .
we present a case series that includes four ad... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORTS
DISCUSSION
Declaration of patient consent
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
within 4 days , 5 patients with skin lesions suggestive of an opv infection were reported to the infectious disease task force at the bavarian health and food safety authority .
infected patients were from 2 unrelated families living in 2 different counties in the greater munich area , germany .
the families had bought... | we describe a cluster of cowpox virus ( cpxv ) infections in humans that occurred near munich , germany , around the beginning of 2009 .
previously , only sporadic reports of cpxv infections in humans after direct contact with various animals had been published . this outbreak involved pet rats from the same litter ... | The Study
Conclusions |
melanoma diagnosis presents important unmet clinical challenges . on the one hand , the ramatic mismatch between increases in detection and mortality rates ( report , 2010 ) may suggest significant overcalling ( glusac , 2011 ; swerlick and chen , 1996 ) . on the other hand , nearly one in ten patients with thin melano... | pump - probe microscopy non - destructively differentiates eumelanin and pheomelanin and can be used to quantify melanin distributions in thin biopsy slices . here
we have extended that work for imaging eumelanin and pheomelanin distributions on a sub - cellular scale , allowing elucidation of characteristics of dif... | Introduction
Results
Discussion
Materials and Methods |
recently , the european hernia society ( ehs ) has systematised and introduced classifications of inguinal and ventral ( primary and incisional ) hernias [ 1 , 2 ] . both classifications are based on the stipulation that a good classification must be simple ; these classifications should mention the most appropriate an... | purpose
a classification of parastomal hernias ( ph ) is needed to compare different populations described in various trials and cohort studies , complete the previous inguinal and ventral hernia classifications of the european hernia society ( ehs ) and will be integrated into the eurahs database ( european registr... | Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Currently existing classifications
Purpose of the classification
Format of the classification
Definition of a parastomal hernia
Variables for classification
Discussion
Choice of variables
Classification table
How to use a classification
Conclusions |
zimbabwe is in sub - saharan africa which is at the epicenter of the human immune deficiency virus ( hiv ) epidemic . according to unaids the prevalence of hiv in zimbabwe
has decreased to about 1 in 10 adults ( 2012 ) from a high one of almost 1 in 4 in 2002 . while the decline is commendable hiv infection still remai... | antiretroviral therapy inhibits hiv replication , maintains health , and preserves life .
however , both antiretroviral therapy and hiv infection have been reported to have short- and long - term effects on bone metabolism .
a cross - sectional study was performed to compare serum bone profiles in hiv positive pat... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Conclusion |
a male patient ( 165 cm in height , 61 kg and 62-year - old ) was transferred to our hospital because of the chief complaint of back pain .
the back pain had developed approximately 2 months previously without specific trauma , and the area around the left buttock was most painful .
the pain worsened while standing up ... | salmonella spondylitis is a rare illness , and it generally occurs in patients who have already had sickle cell anemia , and it is even rarer in patients who are without sickle cell anemia .
a 61-year - old male patient was hospitalized for the evaluation of his renal function and then treatment was started for his ... | Case Report
Discussion |
cerebral palsy is a clinical syndrome where permanent disorders in development of posture
and movement are caused by non - progressive disturbances occurring in the brain of fetus or
infant producing activity limitation , and is frequently accompanied by disorders in
sensation , cognition , communication , percep... | [ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to determine differences in respiratory function
and pressure among three groups of children with cerebral palsy as a predominant abnormal
movement which included spastic type , dyskinetic type , and ataxic type .
[ subjects and
methods ] forty - three children with ce... | INTRODUCTION
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION |
in 2010 , there were an estimated 35.6 million people in the world suffering from dementia .
this is an increasing problem ; 65.7 million dementia cases are expected by 2030 and 115.4 million by 2050 .
this growing problem presents a pressing need for ad treatments . repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ( rtms ... | with an ever - increasing population of alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) patients worldwide , a noninvasive treatment for ad is needed . in this paper , the application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulus ( rtms ) as a treatment for patients with probable ad is compared to the application of rtms as a treatment fo... | 1. Introduction
2. Similarities in rTMS Protocols for Treatment of Dementia and Depression
3. rTMS Study Protocols and Results
4. Comorbidity of Depression and Dementia
5. Conclusion |
trisomy 21 ( also referred to as down syndrome ) is the most frequent chromosomal abnormality at birth .
it affects approximately one in every 800 newborns 1 . in france , prenatal diagnosis is always suggested when indicated by ultrasound findings and maternal serum marker assays .
about 92% of cases of down syndrome ... | key clinical messagewe report a rare case of recurrent trisomy 21 caused by an isochromosome 21q and what is very likely to be maternal germ - line cell mosaicism . over 90% of cases of rob(21;21 ) reported in the literature
are due to an isochromosome 21q , with a risk of recurrence of more than 10% . | Introduction
Conflicts of Interest |
sepsis is a major cause of mortality and morbidity and its incidence is increasing . despite the major social impact of sepsis ,
inflammation is ubiquitous during the course of critically ill septic patients and may be modulated by several patient 's particularities , such as age , gender , and comorbidities [ 35 ] .
n... |
introduction .
inflammation is ubiquitous during sepsis and may be influenced by body mass index ( bmi ) .
we sought to evaluate if bmi was associated with serum levels of several cytokines measured at intensive care unit admission due to sepsis .
methods .
33 septic patients were included .
an array of th... | 1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion |
previous research has clearly demonstrated that cognitive change in old age does not occur in a homogenous manner for all individuals [ 13 ] .
a number of predictors of cognitive change in old age have been identified , such as education , hypertension , objective indices of health and cardiovascular disease , and apol... | the present study used a coordinated analyses approach to examine the association of physical activity and cognitive change in four longitudinal studies .
a series of multilevel growth models with physical activity included both as a fixed ( between - person ) and time - varying ( within - person ) predictor of four... | 1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion |
the antiepileptic agent phenytoin ( pht ) has a narrow range of effective blood concentrations and nonlinearity pharmacokinetics .
therefore , the monitoring of its blood concentration ( therapeutic drug monitoring , tdm ) is essential for ensuring a proper dosage and successful treatment .
because pht is primarily met... | although combination therapy with the oral fluoropyrimidine anticancer drug s-1 and the anticonvulsant phenytoin ( pht ) is known to increase blood levels of pht and the risk of intoxication , reports on long - term monitoring of blood levels of pht during combined s-1 and pht treatment and a thorough understanding of... | Introduction
Case Report
Discussion
Disclosure Statement |
levetiracetam [ ( s)-alpha - ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetamide ] ( lev ) is a second generation anticonvulsant approved by the european medicines agency ( ema ) and/or the u.s .
food and drug administration ( fda ) for the following : 1 ) monotherapy treatment of partial seizures , with or without secondary generaliz... | levetiracetam ( lev ) is a novel antiepileptic drug ( aed ) approved for the adjunctive treatment of generalized and partial seizures .
lev has no clinically significant drug interactions and has limited adverse effects .
the psychiatric adverse effects of lev include de novo psychosis , affective disorder , and a... | Introduction
Method
Case
Discussion
Conclusions
Conflict of interest statement |
hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia ( hht ) , also known as rendu - osler - weber disease , is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by atriovenous malformations ( avms ) and telangiectases in multiple organs .
the reported incidence of this disease is 1/10000 in north america but it varies between studies.1 )... | high - output cardiac failure is a rare complication of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia ( hht ) usually caused by shunting of blood through atriovenous malformations ( avms ) in the liver .
we describe two cases of high output heart failure due to large hepatic avms .
clinical suspicion of hht based on detai... | Introduction
Case
Case 1
Case 2
Discussion |
it is estimated that about india has about 2.09 million cases of people living with human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv)/aids in 2011 . even though the incidence of new cases has reduced over the past few years
thus , although the overall hiv adult prevalence in 2011 was 0.27% , in certain high - risk groups the estimat... | objectives : the present study evaluated the changes in serology and human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) testing behaviors over a 10-year period in a center in india.methods:we used clinical data collected at the antenatal clinic from 2002 to 2011 .
the key outcomes were : ( 1 ) proportion of women who opted for hi... | INTRODUCTION
METHODS
Study site
Study procedures and population
Statistical analysis
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
complex ventricular arrhythmia and death follows overt congestive heart failure ( chf ) , and it is one of the poor prognostic sign of acromegaly .
though prevalence of biventricular hypertrophy present in 90% of autopsied older and 20% of younger patients with acromegaly , presence of overt chf is less common . the es... | background : though cardiac involvement is common in acromegaly , overt congestive heart failure is uncommon.materials and methods : this is retrospective analysis of hospital record between 1996 and 2007 .
we analyzed records of 150 consecutive patients with acromegaly .
we included the patients with acromegaly t... | I
M
Study design
Patient selection
Cardiology assessment
R
D |
to demonstrate a capsulorhexis technique using predominantly shearing forces with a cystotome on a virtual reality simulator and on a human eye .
our technique involves creating the initial anterior capsular tear with a cystotome to raise a flap .
the cystotome tip is tilted horizontally and is engaged on the flap near... | purpose : to demonstrate a capsulorhexis technique using predominantly shearing forces with a cystotome on a virtual reality simulator and on a human eye.method:our technique involves creating the initial anterior capsular tear with a cystotome to raise a flap .
the flap left unfolded on the lens surface .
the cys... | Protocol
Part 1 : Purpose:
Part 2 : Method:
Steps:
Part 3 : Results:
Discussion
Disclosures |
precise molecular control of protein glycosylation would advance the development of biopharmaceuticals as well as fundamental studies of glycosylation - dependent biological processes .
biological methods on their own have failed to achieve this long sought - after goal , as cellular biosynthetic pathways produce glyco... | homogeneously glycosylated proteins are important targets for fundamental research and for biopharmaceutical development .
the use of unnatural protein glycan linkages bearing structural similarity to their native counterparts can accelerate the synthesis of glycoengineered proteins . here
we report an approach t... | Introduction
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
Experimental Section |
lower - extremity peripheral arterial disease ( pad ) is estimated to affect between 8 million and 10 million americans .
this prevalence is expected to increase , not only in the united states , but across the world as the population ages , cigarette smoking persists , and the epidemic of diabetes mellitus and obesity... | opinion statementcritical limb ischemia ( cli ) , defined as chronic ischemic rest pain , ulcers , or gangrene attributable to objectively proven arterial occlusive disease , is the most advanced form of peripheral arterial disease .
traditionally , open surgical bypass was the only effective treatment strategy for ... | Introduction
Treatment
Diet and lifestyle
Pharmacologic treatment
Interventional procedures
Surgery
Other treatments
Emerging therapies |
the european union ( eu ) is committed to improving the health of its ageing population , with growing initiatives to promote active and healthy ageing ( supplementary figure s1 ) .
its preferred measure is healthy life years ( hly ) , the average remaining years spent free of activity limitation .
health expectancies ... | background : the european innovation partnership on active and healthy ageing seeks an increase of two healthy life years ( hly ) at birth in the eu27 for the next 10 years .
we assess the feasibility of doing so between 2010 and 2020 and the differential impact among countries by applying different scenarios to cur... | Introduction
Methods
Results
Past trends in LE and HLY 200509
Projections of HLY 201020
Discussion
Supplementary Data
Funding |
the tongue is an epithelial sac filled with muscles and connective tissue ; these muscles can be controlled willfully and are generally referred to as skeletal muscles or voluntary striated muscles , which are divided into intrinsic and extrinsic muscles ( brand and isselhard , 2003 ) .
in addition , the tongue has var... | we review research on somatosensory ( tactile ) processing of the tongue based on data obtained using non - invasive neurophysiological and neuroimaging methods . technical difficulties in stimulating the tongue , due to the noise elicited by the stimulator ,
the fixation of the stimulator , and the vomiting reflex ... | Introduction
Responses from Primary Somatosensory Cortex
Responses from Secondary Somatosensory Cortex
Neuroimaging Studies
Conclusion
Conflict of Interest Statement |
the differential diagnosis of mediastinal masses includes primary lung cancer , metastatic cancer , neurogenic tumor , cysts and infections.12 the bronchogenic cysts are the most common cystic lesions of the mediastinum.3 in some cases , these lesions could mimic solid masses.4 most patients with posterior mediastinal ... | the differentiation between a solid and cystic lesion is not always easy .
eus has provided a minimally invasive approach to the diagnosis of benign mediastinal cysts .
our report describes two cases of intramural bronchogenic cysts and reviews the role of eus in dealing with such cases .
we conclude that the br... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORTS
None
Case 1
Case 2
DISCUSSION |
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