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import OAI.Geometry.ComplexBundle.Kernel
import OAI.Geometry.ComplexBundle.Orthonormal
namespace OAI
noncomputable section
/-! Local and global topology and splitting of frame complement bundles. -/
section
open Bundle Topology
namespace Kaplansky
open ComplexGrassmann
namespace ContinuousOrthonormalStageFrame
section
variable {ι : Type*} {K : ι → ℕ} {a : LineStage K} {d : ℕ}
variable (f : ContinuousOrthonormalStageFrame a d)
/-- The complement is the kernel of the actual frame coefficient map. -/
theorem analysis_ker (y : ProjectiveProduct K) :
LinearMap.ker (frameAnalysis (f.vector y)) =
(Submodule.span ℂ (Set.range (f.vector y)))ᗮ := by
ext v
rw [LinearMap.mem_ker,Submodule.mem_orthogonal]
constructor
· intro h u hu
have hz (i : Fin d) : inner ℂ (f.vector y i) v=0 :=
congrArg (fun w : EuclideanSpace ℂ (Fin d) => w i) h
induction hu using Submodule.span_induction with
| mem u hu =>
obtain ⟨i, rfl⟩ := hu
exact hz i
| zero => exact inner_zero_left _
| add u w hu hw ihu ihw =>
exact (inner_add_left u w _).trans (by rw [ihu, ihw, zero_add])
| smul c u hu ihu =>
exact (inner_smul_left u _ c).trans (by rw [ihu, mul_zero])
· intro h
apply (EuclideanSpace.equiv (Fin d) ℂ).injective
funext i
exact h _ (Submodule.subset_span ⟨i,rfl⟩)
theorem analysis_surjective (y : ProjectiveProduct K) :
Function.Surjective (frameAnalysis (f.vector y)) :=
fun v => ⟨frameSynthesis (f.vector y) v,frameAnalysis_synthesis _ (f.orthonormal y) v⟩
/-- The actual kernel has constant rank, with no complement-bundle premise. -/
theorem analysis_kernel_finrank (y : ProjectiveProduct K) :
Module.finrank ℂ (LinearMap.ker (frameAnalysis (f.vector y))) = Fintype.card a.Slot-d := by
rw [f.analysis_ker]
have h := f.complement_finrank y
omega
end
section
variable {ι : Type*} {K : ι → ℕ} {a : LineStage K} {d : ℕ}
variable (f : ContinuousOrthonormalStageFrame a d)
variable (e : Trivialization a.Model (π a.Model a.Fiber)) [e.IsLinear ℂ]
/-- The coefficient map in an ambient chart. -/
def localAnalysis (y : e.baseSet) : a.Model →L[ℂ] EuclideanSpace ℂ (Fin d) :=
((frameAnalysis (f.vector y.val)).comp (e.symmL ℂ y.val).toLinearMap).toContinuousLinearMap
theorem continuous_localAnalysis : Continuous (f.localAnalysis e) := by
apply continuous_clm_apply.mpr
intro v
have hc : Continuous (fun y : e.baseSet =>
TotalSpace.mk' a.Model y.val (e.symmL ℂ y.val v)) := by
have h := e.continuousOn_symm.comp_continuous
(continuous_subtype_val.prodMk continuous_const)
(fun y : e.baseSet => show (y.val,v) ∈ e.baseSet ×ˢ Set.univ from ⟨y.property,Set.mem_univ _⟩)
exact h.congr (fun y => by simp only [Function.comp_apply,e.symmL_apply y.property])
exact f.continuous_analysis.comp hc
theorem localAnalysis_surjective (y : e.baseSet) : Function.Surjective (f.localAnalysis e y) := by
intro v
refine ⟨e.continuousLinearMapAt ℂ y.val (frameSynthesis (f.vector y.val) v),?_⟩
change frameAnalysis (f.vector y.val)
(e.symmL ℂ y.val (e.continuousLinearMapAt ℂ y.val (frameSynthesis (f.vector y.val) v)))=v
rw [e.symmL_continuousLinearMapAt y.property,frameAnalysis_synthesis _ (f.orthonormal y.val)]
/-- A continuous surjective family on every ambient chart, constructed from
an arbitrary continuous orthonormal frame. -/
def localKernelFamily : SmoothKernel.SurjectiveFamily e.baseSet a.Model (EuclideanSpace ℂ (Fin d)) where
map := f.localAnalysis e
continuous := f.continuous_localAnalysis e
surjective := f.localAnalysis_surjective e
end
section
variable {ι : Type*} {K : ι → ℕ} {a : LineStage K} {d : ℕ}
variable (f : ContinuousOrthonormalStageFrame a d)
/-- The actual complement, with the ambient bundle's subspace topology. -/
abbrev ComplementTotal := {z : TotalSpace a.Model a.Fiber //
z.2 ∈ (Submodule.span ℂ (Set.range (f.vector z.proj)))ᗮ}
variable (e : Trivialization a.Model (π a.Model a.Fiber)) [e.IsLinear ℂ]
abbrev LocalComplementTotal := {z : f.ComplementTotal // z.val.proj ∈ e.baseSet}
def complementToLocalKernel (z : f.LocalComplementTotal e) :
(f.localKernelFamily e).IncidenceTotal := by
refine ⟨(⟨z.val.val.proj,z.property⟩,e.continuousLinearMapAt ℂ z.val.val.proj z.val.val.2),?_⟩
change frameAnalysis (f.vector z.val.val.proj)
(e.symmL ℂ z.val.val.proj (e.continuousLinearMapAt ℂ z.val.val.proj z.val.val.2))=0
rw [e.symmL_continuousLinearMapAt z.property]
exact (show z.val.val.2 ∈ LinearMap.ker (frameAnalysis (f.vector z.val.val.proj)) from
(f.analysis_ker z.val.val.proj).symm ▸ z.val.property)
def localKernelToComplement (z : (f.localKernelFamily e).IncidenceTotal) :
f.LocalComplementTotal e := by
refine ⟨⟨⟨z.val.1.val,e.symmL ℂ z.val.1.val z.val.2⟩,?_⟩,z.val.1.property⟩
rw [← f.analysis_ker]
exact z.property
theorem continuous_complementToLocalKernel : Continuous (f.complementToLocalKernel e) := by
have hp : Continuous (fun z : f.LocalComplementTotal e => z.val.val.proj) :=
(FiberBundle.continuous_proj _ _).comp (continuous_subtype_val.comp continuous_subtype_val)
have he : Continuous (fun z : f.LocalComplementTotal e =>
e.continuousLinearMapAt ℂ z.val.val.proj z.val.val.2) := by
have hc := (e.continuousOn.comp_continuous
(continuous_subtype_val.comp continuous_subtype_val)
(fun z : f.LocalComplementTotal e => e.mem_source.mpr z.property)).snd
exact hc.congr (fun z => (e.continuousLinearMapAt_apply_of_mem ℂ z.property _).symm)
exact ((hp.subtype_mk _).prodMk he).subtype_mk _
theorem continuous_localKernelToComplement : Continuous (f.localKernelToComplement e) := by
have hp : Continuous (fun z : (f.localKernelFamily e).IncidenceTotal => z.val.1.val) :=
continuous_subtype_val.comp (continuous_fst.comp continuous_subtype_val)
have hv : Continuous (fun z : (f.localKernelFamily e).IncidenceTotal => z.val.2) :=
continuous_snd.comp continuous_subtype_val
have hc := e.continuousOn_symm.comp_continuous (hp.prodMk hv)
(fun z : (f.localKernelFamily e).IncidenceTotal =>
show (z.val.1.val,z.val.2) ∈ e.baseSet ×ˢ Set.univ from ⟨z.val.1.property,Set.mem_univ _⟩)
have hs : Continuous (fun z : (f.localKernelFamily e).IncidenceTotal =>
TotalSpace.mk' a.Model z.val.1.val (e.symmL ℂ z.val.1.val z.val.2)) :=
hc.congr (fun z => by simp only [Function.comp_apply,e.symmL_apply z.val.1.property])
exact (hs.subtype_mk _).subtype_mk _
/-- A homeomorphism to the genuine kernel incidence set over an ambient
chart. Both spaces retain their ambient subspace topologies. -/
def localComplementKernelHomeomorph : f.LocalComplementTotal e ≃ₜ
(f.localKernelFamily e).IncidenceTotal where
toFun := f.complementToLocalKernel e
invFun := f.localKernelToComplement e
left_inv z := by
apply Subtype.ext
apply Subtype.ext
obtain ⟨⟨⟨y,v⟩,hv⟩,hy⟩ := z
exact congrArg (TotalSpace.mk' a.Model y) (e.symmL_continuousLinearMapAt hy v)
right_inv z := by
apply Subtype.ext
apply Prod.ext
· rfl
· exact e.continuousLinearMapAt_symmL z.val.1.property z.val.2
continuous_toFun := f.continuous_complementToLocalKernel e
continuous_invFun := f.continuous_localKernelToComplement e
/-- The local ordinary kernel bundle realizes the exact orthogonal
complement, not an independently assigned topology on the same fibers. -/
def localComplementBundleHomeomorph :
TotalSpace (SmoothKernel.KernelModel a.Model (EuclideanSpace ℂ (Fin d)))
(f.localKernelFamily e).realCore.Fiber ≃ₜ f.LocalComplementTotal e :=
(f.localKernelFamily e).incidenceHomeomorph.trans (f.localComplementKernelHomeomorph e).symm
end
section
variable {ι : Type*} {K : ι → ℕ} {a : LineStage K} {d : ℕ}
variable (f : ContinuousOrthonormalStageFrame a d)
abbrev ComplementModel (_ : ContinuousOrthonormalStageFrame a d) := SmoothKernel.KernelModel a.Model (EuclideanSpace ℂ (Fin d))
abbrev ComplementFiber (y : ProjectiveProduct K) :=
↥(Submodule.span ℂ (Set.range (f.vector y)))ᗮ
def complementTotalEquiv : TotalSpace f.ComplementModel f.ComplementFiber ≃ f.ComplementTotal where
toFun z := ⟨⟨z.proj,z.2.val⟩,z.2.property⟩
invFun z := ⟨z.val.proj,⟨z.val.2,z.property⟩⟩
left_inv _ := rfl
right_inv _ := rfl
instance complementTotalTopology : TopologicalSpace (TotalSpace f.ComplementModel f.ComplementFiber) :=
TopologicalSpace.induced f.complementTotalEquiv inferInstance
def complementTotalHomeomorph : TotalSpace f.ComplementModel f.ComplementFiber ≃ₜ f.ComplementTotal :=
f.complementTotalEquiv.toHomeomorphOfIsInducing ⟨rfl⟩
def complementInclusion (z : TotalSpace f.ComplementModel f.ComplementFiber) : TotalSpace a.Model a.Fiber :=
⟨z.proj,z.2.val⟩
theorem complementInclusion_isInducing : IsInducing f.complementInclusion :=
IsInducing.subtypeVal.comp f.complementTotalHomeomorph.isInducing
theorem complement_totalSpaceMk_isInducing (y : ProjectiveProduct K) :
IsInducing (TotalSpace.mk (F := f.ComplementModel) (E := f.ComplementFiber) y) := by
have h : IsInducing (fun v : f.ComplementFiber y =>
TotalSpace.mk' a.Model y v.val) :=
(FiberBundle.totalSpaceMk_isInducing a.Model a.Fiber y).comp IsInducing.subtypeVal
exact (f.complementInclusion_isInducing.of_comp_iff).mp h
end
section
variable {ι : Type*} {K : ι → ℕ} {a : LineStage K} {d : ℕ}
variable (f : ContinuousOrthonormalStageFrame a d)
variable (e : Trivialization a.Model (π a.Model a.Fiber)) [e.IsLinear ℂ]
def complementLocalTriv (i : e.baseSet) : Trivialization f.ComplementModel
(fun z : f.LocalComplementTotal e => (⟨z.val.val.proj,z.property⟩ : e.baseSet)) :=
((f.localKernelFamily e).realCore.localTriv i).compHomeomorph
(f.localComplementBundleHomeomorph e).symm
theorem complementLocalTriv_apply (i : e.baseSet) (z : f.LocalComplementTotal e) :
(f.complementLocalTriv e i z).2 =
(f.localKernelFamily e).toModel i (e.continuousLinearMapAt ℂ z.val.val.proj z.val.val.2) := by
exact (f.localKernelFamily e).fromIncidence_chart (f.complementToLocalKernel e z) i
/-- Extend the locally constructed kernel chart over its open base into
the actual global complement total space. -/
def complementAmbientTriv (i : e.baseSet) : Trivialization f.ComplementModel
(fun z : f.ComplementTotal => z.val.proj) :=
Trivialization.domExtend
(e.open_baseSet.preimage ((FiberBundle.continuous_proj _ _).comp continuous_subtype_val))
((f.complementLocalTriv e i).codExtend e.open_baseSet ⟨i.val,i.property⟩)
def complementTriv (i : e.baseSet) : Trivialization f.ComplementModel
(π f.ComplementModel f.ComplementFiber) :=
(f.complementAmbientTriv e i).compHomeomorph f.complementTotalHomeomorph
theorem complementTriv_baseSet (i : e.baseSet) :
(f.complementTriv e i).baseSet = Subtype.val '' (f.localKernelFamily e).baseSet i := rfl
theorem complementTriv_apply (i : e.baseSet) (y : ProjectiveProduct K) (hy : y ∈ e.baseSet)
(v : f.ComplementFiber y) :
(f.complementTriv e i ⟨y,v⟩).2 =
(f.localKernelFamily e).toModel i (e.continuousLinearMapAt ℂ y v.val) := by
classical
change (((f.complementLocalTriv e i).codExtend e.open_baseSet ⟨i.val,i.property⟩).toPretrivialization.domExtend
(f.complementTotalEquiv ⟨y,v⟩)).2 = _
dsimp only [Pretrivialization.domExtend]
change (if h : y ∈ e.baseSet then
((f.complementLocalTriv e i).codExtend e.open_baseSet ⟨i.val,i.property⟩)
⟨f.complementTotalEquiv ⟨y,v⟩,h⟩ else _).2 = _
rw [dite_eq_left hy]
exact f.complementLocalTriv_apply e i ⟨f.complementTotalEquiv ⟨y,v⟩,hy⟩
instance complementTriv_isLinear (i : e.baseSet) : (f.complementTriv e i).IsLinear ℂ where
linear y hy := by
rw [f.complementTriv_baseSet] at hy
obtain ⟨z,hz,rfl⟩ := hy
let L : f.ComplementFiber z.val →ₗ[ℂ] f.ComplementModel :=
((f.localKernelFamily e).toModel i).toLinearMap.comp
((e.continuousLinearMapAt ℂ z.val).toLinearMap.comp (Submodule.subtype _))
have he : (fun v : f.ComplementFiber z.val => (f.complementTriv e i ⟨z.val,v⟩).2)=L := by
funext v
exact f.complementTriv_apply e i z.val z.property v
rw [he]
exact L.isLinear
end
variable {ι : Type*} {K : ι → ℕ} {a : LineStage K} {d : ℕ}
variable (f : ContinuousOrthonormalStageFrame a d)
def complementTrivializationAt (y : ProjectiveProduct K) :
Trivialization f.ComplementModel (π f.ComplementModel f.ComplementFiber) :=
f.complementTriv (trivializationAt a.Model a.Fiber y)
⟨y,mem_baseSet_trivializationAt a.Model a.Fiber y⟩
theorem mem_complementTrivializationAt (y : ProjectiveProduct K) :
y ∈ (f.complementTrivializationAt y).baseSet := by
rw [complementTrivializationAt,f.complementTriv_baseSet]
exact ⟨_,(f.localKernelFamily (trivializationAt a.Model a.Fiber y)).center_mem _,rfl⟩
instance complementFiberBundle : FiberBundle f.ComplementModel f.ComplementFiber where
totalSpaceMk_isInducing' := f.complement_totalSpaceMk_isInducing
trivializationAtlas' := Set.range f.complementTrivializationAt
trivializationAt' := f.complementTrivializationAt
mem_baseSet_trivializationAt' := f.mem_complementTrivializationAt
trivialization_mem_atlas' y := ⟨y,rfl⟩
instance complementTrivializationAt_isLinear (y : ProjectiveProduct K) :
(f.complementTrivializationAt y).IsLinear ℂ := by
unfold complementTrivializationAt
infer_instance
theorem continuousOn_complement_coordChange
(e e' : Trivialization f.ComplementModel (π f.ComplementModel f.ComplementFiber))
[e.IsLinear ℂ] [e'.IsLinear ℂ] :
ContinuousOn (fun y => (e.coordChangeL ℂ e' y : f.ComplementModel →L[ℂ] f.ComplementModel))
(e.baseSet ∩ e'.baseSet) := by
apply continuousOn_clm_apply.mpr
intro v
have hi : ContinuousOn (fun y : ProjectiveProduct K =>
TotalSpace.mk' f.ComplementModel y (e.symm y v)) (e.baseSet ∩ e'.baseSet) :=
e.continuousOn_symm.comp (continuousOn_id.prodMk continuousOn_const)
(fun y hy => ⟨hy.1,Set.mem_univ _⟩)
have hc := (e'.continuousOn.comp hi (fun y hy => e'.mem_source.mpr hy.2)).snd
exact hc.congr (fun y hy => e.coordChangeL_apply e' hy v)
/-- The full orthogonal complement is an ordinary complex vector bundle,
with charts constructed from the frame and the inherited ambient topology. -/
instance complementVectorBundle : VectorBundle ℂ f.ComplementModel f.ComplementFiber where
trivialization_linear' := by
rintro _ ⟨y,rfl⟩
exact f.complementTrivializationAt_isLinear y
continuousOn_coordChange' := by
rintro _ _ ⟨y,rfl⟩ ⟨z,rfl⟩
exact f.continuousOn_complement_coordChange _ _
theorem complementBundle_rank (y : ProjectiveProduct K) :
Module.finrank ℂ (f.ComplementFiber y) = Fintype.card a.Slot-d := by
change Module.finrank ℂ (Submodule.span ℂ (Set.range (f.vector y)))ᗮ = _
have h := f.complement_finrank y
omega
end ContinuousOrthonormalStageFrame
end Kaplansky
end
open Bundle Topology
namespace Kaplansky
open ComplexGrassmann
namespace ContinuousOrthonormalStageFrame
variable {ι : Type*} {K : ι → ℕ} {a : LineStage K} {d : ℕ}
variable (f : ContinuousOrthonormalStageFrame a d)
theorem analysis_complement (y : ProjectiveProduct K) (v : f.ComplementFiber y) :
frameAnalysis (f.vector y) v.val=0 := by
change v.val ∈ LinearMap.ker (frameAnalysis (f.vector y))
rw [f.analysis_ker]
exact v.property
theorem projection_synthesis (y : ProjectiveProduct K) (v : EuclideanSpace ℂ (Fin d)) :
f.projection y (frameSynthesis (f.vector y) v)=frameSynthesis (f.vector y) v := by
change frameSynthesis (f.vector y) (frameAnalysis (f.vector y) (frameSynthesis (f.vector y) v))=_
rw [frameAnalysis_synthesis _ (f.orthonormal y)]
/-- The actual fiber decomposition into the full orthogonal complement and
the trivial frame summand. No alignment with the original line summands. -/
def complementSplitLinearEquiv (y : ProjectiveProduct K) :
(f.ComplementFiber y × EuclideanSpace ℂ (Fin d)) ≃ₗ[ℂ] a.Fiber y where
toFun v := v.1.val+frameSynthesis (f.vector y) v.2
invFun v := (⟨f.complementProjection y v,f.complementProjection_mem y v⟩,frameAnalysis (f.vector y) v)
left_inv v := by
apply Prod.ext
· apply Subtype.ext
change (v.1.val+frameSynthesis (f.vector y) v.2) -
f.projection y (v.1.val+frameSynthesis (f.vector y) v.2)=v.1.val
rw [map_add,f.projection_eq_zero_of_orthogonal y v.1.val v.1.property,f.projection_synthesis]
simp
· change frameAnalysis (f.vector y) (v.1.val+frameSynthesis (f.vector y) v.2)=v.2
rw [map_add,f.analysis_complement,frameAnalysis_synthesis _ (f.orthonormal y),zero_add]
right_inv v := by
change v-f.projection y v+f.projection y v=v
exact sub_add_cancel _ _
map_add' v w := by
change v.1.val+w.1.val+frameSynthesis (f.vector y) (v.2+w.2)=_
rw [map_add]
abel
map_smul' c v := by
change c • v.1.val+frameSynthesis (f.vector y) (c • v.2)=_
exact (congrArg (fun w => c • v.1.val + w)
((frameSynthesis (f.vector y)).map_smul c v.2)).trans
(smul_add c v.1.val (frameSynthesis (f.vector y) v.2)).symm
abbrev ComplementSplitTotal :=
TotalSpace f.ComplementModel f.ComplementFiber × EuclideanSpace ℂ (Fin d)
def complementAssemble (z : f.ComplementSplitTotal) : TotalSpace a.Model a.Fiber :=
⟨z.1.proj,f.complementSplitLinearEquiv z.1.proj (z.1.2,z.2)⟩
def complementDisassemble (z : TotalSpace a.Model a.Fiber) : f.ComplementSplitTotal :=
(⟨z.proj,(f.complementSplitLinearEquiv z.proj).symm z.2 |>.1⟩,
(f.complementSplitLinearEquiv z.proj).symm z.2 |>.2)
theorem continuous_complementAssemble : Continuous f.complementAssemble := by
have hv : Continuous (fun z : f.ComplementSplitTotal =>
TotalSpace.mk' a.Model z.1.proj z.1.2.val) :=
f.complementInclusion_isInducing.continuous.comp continuous_fst
have hp : Continuous (fun z : f.ComplementSplitTotal => z.1.proj) :=
(FiberBundle.continuous_proj _ _).comp continuous_fst
have hw : Continuous (fun z : f.ComplementSplitTotal =>
TotalSpace.mk' a.Model z.1.proj (frameSynthesis (f.vector z.1.proj) z.2)) :=
f.continuous_synthesis.comp (hp.prodMk continuous_snd)
apply continuous_iff_continuousAt.mpr
intro z
rw [FiberBundle.continuousAt_totalSpace]
refine ⟨hp.continuousAt,?_⟩
have hvc := (FiberBundle.continuousAt_totalSpace a.Model _ (x₀ := z)).mp hv.continuousAt |>.2
have hwc := (FiberBundle.continuousAt_totalSpace a.Model _ (x₀ := z)).mp hw.continuousAt |>.2
apply (hvc.add hwc).congr_of_eventuallyEq
let e := trivializationAt a.Model a.Fiber z.1.proj
have hn := hp.continuousAt (e.open_baseSet.mem_nhds
(mem_baseSet_trivializationAt a.Model a.Fiber z.1.proj))
filter_upwards [hn] with w hw
exact (e.linear ℂ hw).map_add w.1.2.val (frameSynthesis (f.vector w.1.proj) w.2)
theorem continuous_complementDisassemble : Continuous f.complementDisassemble := by
have hc : Continuous (fun z : TotalSpace a.Model a.Fiber =>
(⟨z.proj,⟨f.complementProjection z.proj z.2,f.complementProjection_mem z.proj z.2⟩⟩ :
TotalSpace f.ComplementModel f.ComplementFiber)) :=
f.complementInclusion_isInducing.continuous_iff.mpr f.continuous_complementProjection
exact hc.prodMk f.continuous_analysis
/-- Global topological splitting of the actual bundle. The first factor
is the constructed complement vector bundle and the other factor is trivial. -/
def complementSplitHomeomorph : f.ComplementSplitTotal ≃ₜ TotalSpace a.Model a.Fiber where
toFun := f.complementAssemble
invFun := f.complementDisassemble
left_inv z := by
obtain ⟨⟨y,v⟩,w⟩ := z
have h := (f.complementSplitLinearEquiv y).symm_apply_apply (v,w)
change ((⟨y,((f.complementSplitLinearEquiv y).symm (f.complementSplitLinearEquiv y (v,w))).1⟩ : TotalSpace f.ComplementModel f.ComplementFiber),
((f.complementSplitLinearEquiv y).symm (f.complementSplitLinearEquiv y (v,w))).2)=((⟨y,v⟩ : TotalSpace f.ComplementModel f.ComplementFiber),w)
rw [h]
right_inv z := by
obtain ⟨y,v⟩ := z
exact congrArg (TotalSpace.mk' a.Model y) ((f.complementSplitLinearEquiv y).apply_symm_apply v)
continuous_toFun := f.continuous_complementAssemble
continuous_invFun := f.continuous_complementDisassemble
@[simp] theorem complementSplitHomeomorph_base (z : f.ComplementSplitTotal) :
(f.complementSplitHomeomorph z).proj=z.1.proj := rfl
end ContinuousOrthonormalStageFrame
end Kaplansky
end
end OAI