roshbeed/text8-dataset · Datasets at Hugging Face

text stringlengths 29 590	length int32 7 50
al nahyan granted petroleum concessions and oil was first found in one nine five eight at first oil money had a marginal impact a few lowrise concete buildings were erected and the first paved road was completed in one nine six one but sheikh shakbut uncertain whether the new oil	50
royalties would last took a cautious approach prefering to save the revenue rather than investing it in development his brother zayed bin sultan al nahayan saw that oil wealth had the potential to transform abu dhabi the ruling al nahayan family decided that sheikh zayed should replace his brother as	50
ruler and carry out his vision of developing the country on august six one nine six six with the assistance of the british sheikh zayed became the new ruler see generally al fahim m from rags to riches a story of abu dhabi chapter six london centre of arab studies	50
one nine nine five isbn one nine zero zero four zero four zero zero one with the announcement by britain in one nine six eight that it would withdraw from the gulf area by one nine seven one sheikh zayed became the main driving force behind the formation of the	50
united arab emirates after the emirates gained independence in one nine seven one oil wealth continued to flow to the area and traditional mud brick huts were rapidly replaced with banks boutiques and modern highrises current ruler his highness sheikh khalifa bin zayed al nahayan is the hereditary emir and	50
ruler of abu dhabi as well as the current president of the united arab emirates uae postal history shaikh zaid one nine six seven now part of the united arab emirates abu dhabi was formerly the largest of the seven sheikdoms which made up the trucial states on the so	50
called pirate coast of eastern arabia between oman and qatar the trucial states as a whole had an area of some three two zero zero zero square miles of which abu dhabi alone had two six zero zero zero the capital was the town of abu dhabi which is on	50
an offshore island and was first settled in one seven six one the name trucial states arose from treaties made with great britain in one eight two zero which ensured a condition of truce in the area and the suppression of piracy and slavery the treaty expired on three one	50
december one nine six six the decision to form the uae was made on one eight july one nine seven one and the federation was founded on one august one nine seven two although the inaugural uae stamps were not issued until one january one nine seven three oil production	50
began on das island after prospecting during one nine five six one nine six zero das island is part of abu dhabi but lies well offshore about one zero zero miles north of the mainland oil production on the mainland began in one nine six two as a major oil	50
producer abu dhabi soon acquired massive financial wealth investment in long term construction projects and the establishment of a finance sector has led to the area becoming a centre of commerce which may well secure its lasting importance when the oil resources are exhausted in december one nine six zero	50
postage stamps of british postal agencies in eastern arabia were supplied to the construction workers on das island but the postal service was administered via the agency office in bahrain the mail was also postmarked bahrain so there was no clear indication that a letter had come from das island	50
on three zero march one nine six three a british agency was opened in abu dhabi and issued the agency stamps after the sheik objected to the use of the trucial states definitives mail from das island continued to be administered by bahrain but was now cancelled by an abu	50
dhabi trucial states postmark the first abu dhabi stamps were a definitive series of three zero march one nine six four depicting shaikh shakhbut bin sultan al nahyan there were eleven values under the indian currency that was used of one zero zero naye paise one rupee the range of	50
values was five np to one zero rupees despite the introduction of these definitives the british agency stamps remained valid in both abu dhabi and das island until the end of one nine six six when they were withdrawn a post office was opened on das island on six january	50
one nine six six and this ended the bahrain service mail from das island was now handled within abu dhabi when the treaty with great britain expired at the end of one nine six six abu dhabi introduced a new currency of one zero zero zero fils one dinar and	50
took over its own postal administration including the das island office the earlier issues were subject to surcharges in this currency and replacement definitives were released depicting the new ruler shaikh zaid issues continued until introduction of uae stamps in one nine seven three in all abu dhabi issued nine	50
five stamps from one nine six four to one nine seven two the final set being three views of the dome of the rock in jerusalem source encyclopaedia of postal history climate sunny blue skies can be expected through out the year the months june through september are generally hot	50
and humid with temperatures averaging above four zero c one one zero f the weather is usually pleasant from october to may january to february is cooler and may require the use of a light jacket the oasis city of al ain enjoys cooler temperatures even through summer due to	50
sporadic rainfall transport abu dhabi international airport serves this city the local time is gmt four hours trivia the cartoon cat garfield would often put the kitten nermal in a box and ship him to abu dhabi a common phrase from garfield is abu dhabi is where all the cute	50
kittens go the reason is that the author of garfield found out through over seas relations that the city of abu dhabi and the majority of uae has a large amount of cats that roam wild many live around the suburbs see also mina zayid the port of abu dhabi	50
al ain marawah postal authorities saudi arabia transportation in the united arab emirates external links encyclopaedia of postal history abu dhabi the persian gulf abudhabi com abu dhabi chamber of commerce and industry abu dhabi national oil company spe history with oil details abu dhabi postal history adias abu dhabi	50
islands archaeological survey expatriates forums in abu dhabi time out abu dhabi guide to life in abu dhabi career uae useful web site for the job seekers in abu dabi united arab emirates non government organisations ansar burney trust human rights and anti slavery organisation capitals in asia cities in	50
the united arab emirates emirates coastal cities philately by country the letter a is the first letter in the latin alphabet its name in english is a plural aes a s or as history the letter a probably started as a pictogram of an ox head in egyptian hieroglyphs or	50
the proto semitic alphabet by one six zero zero bc the phoenician alphabet s letter had a linear form that served as the basis for all later forms its name must have corresponded closely to the hebrew aleph the name is also similar to the arabic alif when the ancient	50
greeks adopted the alphabet they had no use for the glottal stop that the letter had denoted in phoenician and other semitic languages so they used the sign for the vowel and changed its name to alpha in the earliest greek inscriptions dating to the eight th century bc the	50
letter rests upon its side but in the greek alphabet of later times it generally resembles the modern capital letter although many local varieties can be distinguished by the shortening of one leg or by the angle at which the cross line is set the etruscans brought the greek alphabet	50
to what was italy and left the letter unchanged the romans later adopted the etruscan alphabet to write latin and the resulting letter was preserved in the modern latin alphabet used to write many languages including english the letter has two minuscule lower case forms the form used in most	50
current handwriting consists of a circle and vertical stroke most printed material uses a form consisting of a small loop with an arc over it both derive from the majuscule capital form in greek handwriting it was common to join the left leg and horizontal stroke into a single loop	50
as demonstrated by the uncial version below many fonts then made the right leg vertical in some of these the serif that began the right leg stroke developed into an arc resulting in the printed form while in others it was dropped resulting in the modern handwritten form usage in	50
english the letter a by itself usually denotes the lax open front unrounded vowel as in pad the open back unrounded vowel as in father or in concert with a later orthographic e the diphthong though the pronunciation varies with the dialect as in ace due to effects of the	50
great vowel shift in most other languages that use the latin alphabet the letter a denotes either an open back unrounded vowel or an open central unrounded vowel in the international phonetic alphabet variants of the letter a denote various vowels in x sampa capital a denotes the open back	50
unrounded vowel and lowercase a denotes the open front unrounded vowel a also is the english indefinite article extended to an before a vowel codes for computing in unicode the capital a is codepoint u zero zero four one and the lowercase a is u zero zero six one in	50
hex a is the character used to represent decimal one zero or in binary zero one zero one zero the ascii code for capital a is six five and for lowercase a is nine seven or in binary zero one zero zero zero zero zero one and zero one one	50
zero zero zero zero one correspondingly the ebcdic code for capital a is one nine three and for lowercase a is one two nine the numeric character references in html and xml are six five and nine seven for upper and lower case respectively meanings for a as a word	50
see a an in american major league baseball the oakland athletics are often simply referred to as the a s in astronomy a stands for a january one through one five discovery in the provisional designation of a comet e g c one seven six zero a one the great	50
comet of one seven six zero or asteroid e g a is often used to denote the semi major axis of an orbit in biochemistry a is the symbol for alanine and adenosine brassiere cup size a in calendars a is often an abbreviation for the months april and august	50
in computing is the html element for an anchor tag in windows ctrl a and mac os command a selects all the text in the document or all the pixels of an image a sometimes represents the set of all alphabetic characters within string patterns a is the conventional address	50
of the first floppy disk drive in cp m based operating systems such as dos a is a security division verified protection in the tcsec in education a grade of a typically represents the highest score that students can achieve this is sometimes coupled with a plus minus sign as	50
in a or a or a number as in a one it is occasionally a grade one level below a pronounced a star in electronics a is a standard size of battery a refers to the anode or filament component of a vacuum tube in english the word a is	50
an indefinite article see a an in esperanto a is the adjectival attributive ending a is commonly an abbreviation meaning english language in fiction the letter worn by hester prynne marking her as an adultress in the nathaniel hawthorne novel the scarlet letter was an a in film a is	50
an italian film made in one nine six nine see a film in finance a is the u s ticker symbol for agilent technologies in games the letter a is used to mark each of the aces in a deck of playing cards in greek a is a prefix alpha	50
privativum meaning not or devoid of used in many borrowed words in english german and romance languages in india a is movie rating given to those intended to be seen only by adults in international licence plate codes a stands for austria in international paper sizes a is a series	50
of sizes with an aspect ratio of roughly seven zero width to height with a four being an example popular size in logic the letter a is used as a symbol for the universal affirmative proposition in the general form all x is y the letters i e and o	50
are used respectively for the particular affirmative some x is y the universal negative no x is y and the particular negative some x is not y the use of these letters is generally derived from the vowels of the two latin verbs affirmo or aio i assert and nego	50
i deny the use of the symbols dates from the one three th century though some authorities trace their origin to the greek logicians in symbolic logic the symbol an inverted letter a is the universal quantifier in mathematics a is often used as a digit meaning ten in hexadecimal	50
and other positional numeral systems with a radix of one one or greater blackboard bold mathbb in unicode sometimes represents the algebraic numbers in the on line encyclopedia of integer sequences each sequence has an id consisting of the letter a and six base one zero digits in medicine a	50
also a or a is one of the human blood types in music a is a pitch class or note see a musical note a or side a refers to the top or first side of a vinyl record a is a british rock band see a band a is	50
an album by jethro tull see a album in nutrition a is a vitamin in photography most slr cameras use a to signify aperture priority mode where the user sets the aperture and the camera determines the shutter speed in poetry a is the major work of influential two zero	50
th century author louis zukofsky in political theory a circumscribed a is an anarchist symbol as the first letter of a postal code in canada a stands for newfoundland and labrador on the serial numbers of united states dollars a identifies the federal reserve bank of boston in the si	50
system of units a is the symbol for the ampere or amp the si base unit of electric current a atto is the si prefix meaning one zero one eight a is the symbol for the are a unit of surface area equal to one zero zero square metres as	50
a timezone a is the military designation for coordinated universal time one also known as cet or central european time see also alpha cyrillic a ae aa latin letters vowels alabama cities and urban areas sprawl alabama is a state located in the southern united states history main article history	50
of alabama the memory of the native american presence is particularly strong in alabama among native american people once living in present alabama were alabama alibamu cherokee chickasaw choctaw creek koasati and mobile trade with the northeast via the ohio river began during the burial mound period one zero zero	50
zero bc a d seven zero zero and continued until european contact meso american influence is evident in the agrarian mississippian culture that followed the french established the first european settlement in the state with the establishment of mobile in one seven zero two southern alabama was french from one	50
seven zero two one seven six three part of british west florida from one seven six three one seven eight zero and part of spanish west florida from one seven eight zero one eight one four northern and central alabama was part of british georgia from one seven six three	50
one seven eight three and part of the american mississippi territory thereafter its statehood delayed by the lack of a coastline rectified when andrew jackson captured spanish mobile in one eight one four alabama became the two two nd state in one eight one nine the state of alabama seceded	50
from the union on january one one one eight six one and became the alabama republic and on february one eight one eight six one became a confederate state while not many battles were fought in the state it contributed about one two zero zero zero zero soldiers to the	50
civil war after the war a provisional government was set up in one eight six five and alabama was officially readmitted to the union on july one four one eight six eight the cradle of the confederacy during the civil war alabama was at stage center in the civil rights	50
movement of the one nine five zero s and one nine six zero s law and government main article law and government of alabama local solid south a one party system in which the democratic party became essentially the only political party in every southern state for nearly one zero	50
zero years local and state elections in alabama were decided in the democratic party primary with generally no republican challenger running from one eight seven six through one nine five six alabama supported only democratic presidential candidates by margins as high as seven three percentage points in one nine six	50
zero alabama gave most of its electoral votes to harry f byrd as a protest in one nine six four the national republican party began to win more votes in the south by following a southern strategy which emphasized states rights and the increasing liberalism of the national democratic party	50
the first such candidate was conservative barry goldwater who became the first republican candidate supported by alabama in one nine six eight alabama supported native son and american independent party candidate george wallace the last democratic candidate to win alabama s votes in a presidential election was southerner jimmy carter	50
in one nine seven six today the republican party has become increasingly dominant in conservative alabama politics however in local politics democrats still control many offices including majorities in both houses of the legislature and registered democrats outnumber republicans in the state in two zero zero four george w bush	50
won alabama s nine electoral votes by a margin of two five percentage points with six two five of the vote the only one one counties voting democratic were black belt counties where african americans are in the majority alabama is located in the bible belt and its educational policies	50
reflect this according to the alan guttmacher institute alabama requires sex education classes to emphasize that homosexuality is not an acceptable lifestyle to the general public and that homosexual conduct is a criminal offense under the laws of the state while the mandate is not typically enforced in alabama classrooms	50
it is unclear whether or not the official requirements have changed since the supreme court s ruling in lawrence v texas according to the united states census bureau in two zero zero zero alabama was home to four five six one same sex male couples and four one six seven	50
same sex female couples u s presidential election two zero zero four in alabama geography main article geography of alabama alabama is the three zero th largest state in the united states with one three five seven seven five km two five two four two three mi two of total	50
area three one nine of that is water making alabama two three rd in the amount of surface water also giving it the second largest inland waterway system in the united states about three fifths of the land area is a gentle plain with a general incline towards the mississippi	50
river and the gulf of mexico the north alabama region is mostly mountainous with the tennessee river cutting a large valley creating numerous creeks streams rivers mountains and lakes the lowest point east of the mississippi river lies in dekalb county along a creek cutting tower ridges and creating buck	50
s pocket state park another natural wonder is land bridge the longest natural bridge span east of the mississippi river alabama generally ranges in elevation from sea level at mobile bay to a little more than one eight zero zero feet or five five zero meters in the appalachian mountains	50
in the northeast the highest point is mount cheaha economy greetings from alabama according to the bureau of economic analysis the two zero zero three total gross state product was one three two billion the per capita income for the state was two six five zero five in two zero	50
zero three alabama s agricultural outputs include poultry and eggs cattle plant nursery items peanuts cotton grains such as corn and sorgum vegetables milk soybeans and peaches even though neighboring georgia is called the peach state alabama produces twice as many peaches annually its industrial outputs include iron and steel	50
products including cast iron and steel pipe paper lumber and wood products mining mostly coal and plastic products cars and trucks and apparel also alabama produces aerospace and electronic products mostly in the huntsville area home of the nasa george c marshall space flight center and the us army missile	50
command headquartered at redstone arsenal also the city of mobile is a busy seaport on the gulf of mexico and with inland waterway access to the midwest via the tennessee tombigbee waterway demographics alabama population density map race and ancestry the racial makeup of the state and comparison to the	50
prior census the largest reported ancestry groups in alabama american one seven zero english seven eight irish seven seven german five seven and scotch irish two zero american includes those reported as native american or african american religion the major religions of alabama christian nine two protestant seven nine baptist	50
four nine methodist one zero presbyterian three episcopalian two church of god two church of christ two pentecostal two lutheran two other protestant seven catholic one three other religions one non religious seven colleges and universities incomplete culture and interests famous alabamians alabama jubilee hot air balloon classic music of	50
alabama alabama public television state wide public tv network list of television stations in alabama alabama shakespeare festival alabama sports festival spirit of america festival u s space the phrase the heart of dixie is required by state law to be included on standard state vehicle license plates but has	50
recently been reduced to a very small size and eclipsed by the phrase stars fell on alabama alabama states of the united states one eight one nine establishments for other uses see achilles disambiguation the wrath of achilles by l on benouvillein greek mythology transliterated to akhilleus or achilleus in	50
roman letters latinized from this ancient greek to achilles appearing in etruscan as achle was a hero ancient greek heros defender of the trojan war the greatest and the most central character of homer s iliad name the very first two lines of the iliad read transliterated m nin aeide	50
thea p l iade akhil os oulomen n h muri akhaiois alge eth ken translated sing muse the wrath of achilles the son of peleus the destructive wrath that brought countless griefs upon the achaeans statue of achillesin these lines we see the name akhilleus peleides which is a praenomen	50
and a patronymic the latter being formed from peleus with the suffix ides producing achilles the son of peleus the system is similar to the names used by scandinavians before modern times such as leif erikson achilles name can be analyzed as a combination of akhos grief and laos a	50
people tribe nation etc in other words achilles is an embodiment of the grief of the people grief being a theme raised numerous times in the iliad frequently by achilles achilles role as the hero of grief forms an ironic juxtaposition with the conventional view of achilles as the hero	50
of kleos glory usually glory in war laos has been construed by gregory nagy following leonard palmer to mean a corps of soldiers with this derivation the name would have a double meaning in the poem when the hero is functioning rightly his men bring grief to the enemy but	50
when wrongly his men get the grief the poem is in part about the misdirection of anger on the part of leadership birth achilles was the son of the mortal peleus king of the myrmidons in phthia southeast thessaly and the sea nymph thetis zeus and poseidon had been rivals	50
for the hand of thetis until prometheus the fire bringer prophesized that thetis would bear a son greater than his father for this reason the two gods withdrew their pursuit and had her wed to peleus when achilles was born according to the most common version of the myth thetis	50
tried to make him immortal by dipping him in the river styx but she forgot to wet the heel she held him by leaving him vulnerable at that spot see achilles tendon in an earlier and less popular version of the story thetis anointed the boy in ambrosia and put	50
him on top of a fire to burn away the mortal parts of his body she was interrupted by peleus and abandoned both father and son in a rage homer does not make reference to this invulnerability in the iliad to the contrary he mentions achilles being wounded although not	50
seriously peleus gave him together with his young friend or lover patroclus to chiron the centaur on mt pelion to be raised achilles in the trojan war telephus when the greeks left for the trojan war they accidentally stopped in mysia ruled by king telephus in the resulting battle achilles	50
gave telephus a wound that would not heal telephus consulted an oracle who stated that he that wounded shall heal according to other reports in euripides lost play about telephus he went to aulis pretending to be a beggar and asked achilles to heal his wound achilles refused claiming to	50
have no medical knowledge alternatively telephus held orestes for ransom the ransom being achilles aid in healing the wound odysseus reasoned that the spear had inflicted the wound therefore the spear must be able to heal it pieces of the spear were scraped off onto the wound and telephus was	50
healed this is an example of sympathetic magic during the trojan war the rage of achilles by giovanni battista tiepolo in homer s iliad achilles is the only mortal to experience consuming rage menon his anger is at some times wavering at other times absolute the humanization of achilles by	50
the events of the war is an important theme of the iliad achilles charioteer s name was automedon troilus according to dares phrygius account of the destruction of troy while troilus the youngest son of priam and hecuba whom some say was fathered by apollo was watering his horses at	50
the lion fountain outside the walls of troy achilles saw him and fell in love with his beauty whose loveliness of form was described by ibycus as being like gold thrice refined the youth rejected his advances and took refuge inside the temple of apollo achilles pursued him into the	50
sanctuary and decapitated him on the god s own altar tzetzes scholiast on lycophron at the time troilus was said to be a year short of his twentieth birthday and the legend goes that if troilus had lived to be twenty troy would have been invincible first vatican mythographer agamemnon	50
and the death of patroclus patroclus and achilles achilles bandages the arm of his friend patroclus the latter turns his head aside to avoid the sight of blood and of achilles noticing his pain grimaces the scene has been interpreted as an act of welfare and comradeship or as a	50
scene with sexual overtones ancient greek culture often held the two to be lovers achilles took two three towns outside troy including lyrnessos where he captured briseis to keep as a concubine meanwhile agamemnon took a woman named chryseis and taunted her father chryses a priest of apollo when he	50
attempted to buy her back apollo sent a plague through the greek armies and agamemnon was forced to give chryseis back to her father however he took briseis away from achilles as compensation for his loss this action sparked the central plot of the iliad achilles becomes enraged and refuses	50
to fight for the greeks any further the war goes badly through the influence of zeus and the greeks offer handsome reparations to their greatest warrior after the greeks are pushed back to the ships which are just starting to be set on fire by the trojan hero hector achilles	50
is visited by odysseus ajax and phoenix who attempt to persuade him to return to battle achilles still refuses to fight but agrees to allow patroclus to fight in his place wearing his armor the next day patroclus is killed and stripped of the armor by hector who mistakes him	50
for achilles achilles is overwhelmed with grief for his beloved friend and the rage he once harbored toward agamemnon begins shifting to hector thetis his mother rises from the sea floor and sympathizes with his grief she obtains magnificent new armor for him from hephaestus the goddess athena provides him	50

al nahyan granted petroleum concessions and oil was first found in one nine five eight at first oil money had a marginal impact a few lowrise concete buildings were erected and the first paved road was completed in one nine six one but sheikh shakbut uncertain whether the new oil

50

royalties would last took a cautious approach prefering to save the revenue rather than investing it in development his brother zayed bin sultan al nahayan saw that oil wealth had the potential to transform abu dhabi the ruling al nahayan family decided that sheikh zayed should replace his brother as

50

ruler and carry out his vision of developing the country on august six one nine six six with the assistance of the british sheikh zayed became the new ruler see generally al fahim m from rags to riches a story of abu dhabi chapter six london centre of arab studies

50

one nine nine five isbn one nine zero zero four zero four zero zero one with the announcement by britain in one nine six eight that it would withdraw from the gulf area by one nine seven one sheikh zayed became the main driving force behind the formation of the

50

united arab emirates after the emirates gained independence in one nine seven one oil wealth continued to flow to the area and traditional mud brick huts were rapidly replaced with banks boutiques and modern highrises current ruler his highness sheikh khalifa bin zayed al nahayan is the hereditary emir and

50

ruler of abu dhabi as well as the current president of the united arab emirates uae postal history shaikh zaid one nine six seven now part of the united arab emirates abu dhabi was formerly the largest of the seven sheikdoms which made up the trucial states on the so

50

called pirate coast of eastern arabia between oman and qatar the trucial states as a whole had an area of some three two zero zero zero square miles of which abu dhabi alone had two six zero zero zero the capital was the town of abu dhabi which is on

50

an offshore island and was first settled in one seven six one the name trucial states arose from treaties made with great britain in one eight two zero which ensured a condition of truce in the area and the suppression of piracy and slavery the treaty expired on three one

50

december one nine six six the decision to form the uae was made on one eight july one nine seven one and the federation was founded on one august one nine seven two although the inaugural uae stamps were not issued until one january one nine seven three oil production

50

began on das island after prospecting during one nine five six one nine six zero das island is part of abu dhabi but lies well offshore about one zero zero miles north of the mainland oil production on the mainland began in one nine six two as a major oil

50

producer abu dhabi soon acquired massive financial wealth investment in long term construction projects and the establishment of a finance sector has led to the area becoming a centre of commerce which may well secure its lasting importance when the oil resources are exhausted in december one nine six zero

50

postage stamps of british postal agencies in eastern arabia were supplied to the construction workers on das island but the postal service was administered via the agency office in bahrain the mail was also postmarked bahrain so there was no clear indication that a letter had come from das island

50

on three zero march one nine six three a british agency was opened in abu dhabi and issued the agency stamps after the sheik objected to the use of the trucial states definitives mail from das island continued to be administered by bahrain but was now cancelled by an abu

50

dhabi trucial states postmark the first abu dhabi stamps were a definitive series of three zero march one nine six four depicting shaikh shakhbut bin sultan al nahyan there were eleven values under the indian currency that was used of one zero zero naye paise one rupee the range of

50

values was five np to one zero rupees despite the introduction of these definitives the british agency stamps remained valid in both abu dhabi and das island until the end of one nine six six when they were withdrawn a post office was opened on das island on six january

50

one nine six six and this ended the bahrain service mail from das island was now handled within abu dhabi when the treaty with great britain expired at the end of one nine six six abu dhabi introduced a new currency of one zero zero zero fils one dinar and

50

took over its own postal administration including the das island office the earlier issues were subject to surcharges in this currency and replacement definitives were released depicting the new ruler shaikh zaid issues continued until introduction of uae stamps in one nine seven three in all abu dhabi issued nine

50

five stamps from one nine six four to one nine seven two the final set being three views of the dome of the rock in jerusalem source encyclopaedia of postal history climate sunny blue skies can be expected through out the year the months june through september are generally hot

50

and humid with temperatures averaging above four zero c one one zero f the weather is usually pleasant from october to may january to february is cooler and may require the use of a light jacket the oasis city of al ain enjoys cooler temperatures even through summer due to

50

sporadic rainfall transport abu dhabi international airport serves this city the local time is gmt four hours trivia the cartoon cat garfield would often put the kitten nermal in a box and ship him to abu dhabi a common phrase from garfield is abu dhabi is where all the cute

50

kittens go the reason is that the author of garfield found out through over seas relations that the city of abu dhabi and the majority of uae has a large amount of cats that roam wild many live around the suburbs see also mina zayid the port of abu dhabi

50

al ain marawah postal authorities saudi arabia transportation in the united arab emirates external links encyclopaedia of postal history abu dhabi the persian gulf abudhabi com abu dhabi chamber of commerce and industry abu dhabi national oil company spe history with oil details abu dhabi postal history adias abu dhabi

50

islands archaeological survey expatriates forums in abu dhabi time out abu dhabi guide to life in abu dhabi career uae useful web site for the job seekers in abu dabi united arab emirates non government organisations ansar burney trust human rights and anti slavery organisation capitals in asia cities in

50

the united arab emirates emirates coastal cities philately by country the letter a is the first letter in the latin alphabet its name in english is a plural aes a s or as history the letter a probably started as a pictogram of an ox head in egyptian hieroglyphs or

50

the proto semitic alphabet by one six zero zero bc the phoenician alphabet s letter had a linear form that served as the basis for all later forms its name must have corresponded closely to the hebrew aleph the name is also similar to the arabic alif when the ancient

50

greeks adopted the alphabet they had no use for the glottal stop that the letter had denoted in phoenician and other semitic languages so they used the sign for the vowel and changed its name to alpha in the earliest greek inscriptions dating to the eight th century bc the

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letter rests upon its side but in the greek alphabet of later times it generally resembles the modern capital letter although many local varieties can be distinguished by the shortening of one leg or by the angle at which the cross line is set the etruscans brought the greek alphabet

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to what was italy and left the letter unchanged the romans later adopted the etruscan alphabet to write latin and the resulting letter was preserved in the modern latin alphabet used to write many languages including english the letter has two minuscule lower case forms the form used in most

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current handwriting consists of a circle and vertical stroke most printed material uses a form consisting of a small loop with an arc over it both derive from the majuscule capital form in greek handwriting it was common to join the left leg and horizontal stroke into a single loop

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as demonstrated by the uncial version below many fonts then made the right leg vertical in some of these the serif that began the right leg stroke developed into an arc resulting in the printed form while in others it was dropped resulting in the modern handwritten form usage in

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english the letter a by itself usually denotes the lax open front unrounded vowel as in pad the open back unrounded vowel as in father or in concert with a later orthographic e the diphthong though the pronunciation varies with the dialect as in ace due to effects of the

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great vowel shift in most other languages that use the latin alphabet the letter a denotes either an open back unrounded vowel or an open central unrounded vowel in the international phonetic alphabet variants of the letter a denote various vowels in x sampa capital a denotes the open back

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unrounded vowel and lowercase a denotes the open front unrounded vowel a also is the english indefinite article extended to an before a vowel codes for computing in unicode the capital a is codepoint u zero zero four one and the lowercase a is u zero zero six one in

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hex a is the character used to represent decimal one zero or in binary zero one zero one zero the ascii code for capital a is six five and for lowercase a is nine seven or in binary zero one zero zero zero zero zero one and zero one one

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zero zero zero zero one correspondingly the ebcdic code for capital a is one nine three and for lowercase a is one two nine the numeric character references in html and xml are six five and nine seven for upper and lower case respectively meanings for a as a word

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see a an in american major league baseball the oakland athletics are often simply referred to as the a s in astronomy a stands for a january one through one five discovery in the provisional designation of a comet e g c one seven six zero a one the great

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comet of one seven six zero or asteroid e g a is often used to denote the semi major axis of an orbit in biochemistry a is the symbol for alanine and adenosine brassiere cup size a in calendars a is often an abbreviation for the months april and august

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in computing is the html element for an anchor tag in windows ctrl a and mac os command a selects all the text in the document or all the pixels of an image a sometimes represents the set of all alphabetic characters within string patterns a is the conventional address

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of the first floppy disk drive in cp m based operating systems such as dos a is a security division verified protection in the tcsec in education a grade of a typically represents the highest score that students can achieve this is sometimes coupled with a plus minus sign as

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in a or a or a number as in a one it is occasionally a grade one level below a pronounced a star in electronics a is a standard size of battery a refers to the anode or filament component of a vacuum tube in english the word a is

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an indefinite article see a an in esperanto a is the adjectival attributive ending a is commonly an abbreviation meaning english language in fiction the letter worn by hester prynne marking her as an adultress in the nathaniel hawthorne novel the scarlet letter was an a in film a is

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an italian film made in one nine six nine see a film in finance a is the u s ticker symbol for agilent technologies in games the letter a is used to mark each of the aces in a deck of playing cards in greek a is a prefix alpha

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privativum meaning not or devoid of used in many borrowed words in english german and romance languages in india a is movie rating given to those intended to be seen only by adults in international licence plate codes a stands for austria in international paper sizes a is a series

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of sizes with an aspect ratio of roughly seven zero width to height with a four being an example popular size in logic the letter a is used as a symbol for the universal affirmative proposition in the general form all x is y the letters i e and o

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are used respectively for the particular affirmative some x is y the universal negative no x is y and the particular negative some x is not y the use of these letters is generally derived from the vowels of the two latin verbs affirmo or aio i assert and nego

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i deny the use of the symbols dates from the one three th century though some authorities trace their origin to the greek logicians in symbolic logic the symbol an inverted letter a is the universal quantifier in mathematics a is often used as a digit meaning ten in hexadecimal

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and other positional numeral systems with a radix of one one or greater blackboard bold mathbb in unicode sometimes represents the algebraic numbers in the on line encyclopedia of integer sequences each sequence has an id consisting of the letter a and six base one zero digits in medicine a

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also a or a is one of the human blood types in music a is a pitch class or note see a musical note a or side a refers to the top or first side of a vinyl record a is a british rock band see a band a is

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an album by jethro tull see a album in nutrition a is a vitamin in photography most slr cameras use a to signify aperture priority mode where the user sets the aperture and the camera determines the shutter speed in poetry a is the major work of influential two zero

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th century author louis zukofsky in political theory a circumscribed a is an anarchist symbol as the first letter of a postal code in canada a stands for newfoundland and labrador on the serial numbers of united states dollars a identifies the federal reserve bank of boston in the si

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system of units a is the symbol for the ampere or amp the si base unit of electric current a atto is the si prefix meaning one zero one eight a is the symbol for the are a unit of surface area equal to one zero zero square metres as

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a timezone a is the military designation for coordinated universal time one also known as cet or central european time see also alpha cyrillic a ae aa latin letters vowels alabama cities and urban areas sprawl alabama is a state located in the southern united states history main article history

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of alabama the memory of the native american presence is particularly strong in alabama among native american people once living in present alabama were alabama alibamu cherokee chickasaw choctaw creek koasati and mobile trade with the northeast via the ohio river began during the burial mound period one zero zero

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zero bc a d seven zero zero and continued until european contact meso american influence is evident in the agrarian mississippian culture that followed the french established the first european settlement in the state with the establishment of mobile in one seven zero two southern alabama was french from one

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seven zero two one seven six three part of british west florida from one seven six three one seven eight zero and part of spanish west florida from one seven eight zero one eight one four northern and central alabama was part of british georgia from one seven six three

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one seven eight three and part of the american mississippi territory thereafter its statehood delayed by the lack of a coastline rectified when andrew jackson captured spanish mobile in one eight one four alabama became the two two nd state in one eight one nine the state of alabama seceded

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from the union on january one one one eight six one and became the alabama republic and on february one eight one eight six one became a confederate state while not many battles were fought in the state it contributed about one two zero zero zero zero soldiers to the

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civil war after the war a provisional government was set up in one eight six five and alabama was officially readmitted to the union on july one four one eight six eight the cradle of the confederacy during the civil war alabama was at stage center in the civil rights

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movement of the one nine five zero s and one nine six zero s law and government main article law and government of alabama local solid south a one party system in which the democratic party became essentially the only political party in every southern state for nearly one zero

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zero years local and state elections in alabama were decided in the democratic party primary with generally no republican challenger running from one eight seven six through one nine five six alabama supported only democratic presidential candidates by margins as high as seven three percentage points in one nine six

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zero alabama gave most of its electoral votes to harry f byrd as a protest in one nine six four the national republican party began to win more votes in the south by following a southern strategy which emphasized states rights and the increasing liberalism of the national democratic party

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the first such candidate was conservative barry goldwater who became the first republican candidate supported by alabama in one nine six eight alabama supported native son and american independent party candidate george wallace the last democratic candidate to win alabama s votes in a presidential election was southerner jimmy carter

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in one nine seven six today the republican party has become increasingly dominant in conservative alabama politics however in local politics democrats still control many offices including majorities in both houses of the legislature and registered democrats outnumber republicans in the state in two zero zero four george w bush

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won alabama s nine electoral votes by a margin of two five percentage points with six two five of the vote the only one one counties voting democratic were black belt counties where african americans are in the majority alabama is located in the bible belt and its educational policies

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reflect this according to the alan guttmacher institute alabama requires sex education classes to emphasize that homosexuality is not an acceptable lifestyle to the general public and that homosexual conduct is a criminal offense under the laws of the state while the mandate is not typically enforced in alabama classrooms

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it is unclear whether or not the official requirements have changed since the supreme court s ruling in lawrence v texas according to the united states census bureau in two zero zero zero alabama was home to four five six one same sex male couples and four one six seven

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same sex female couples u s presidential election two zero zero four in alabama geography main article geography of alabama alabama is the three zero th largest state in the united states with one three five seven seven five km two five two four two three mi two of total

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area three one nine of that is water making alabama two three rd in the amount of surface water also giving it the second largest inland waterway system in the united states about three fifths of the land area is a gentle plain with a general incline towards the mississippi

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river and the gulf of mexico the north alabama region is mostly mountainous with the tennessee river cutting a large valley creating numerous creeks streams rivers mountains and lakes the lowest point east of the mississippi river lies in dekalb county along a creek cutting tower ridges and creating buck

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s pocket state park another natural wonder is land bridge the longest natural bridge span east of the mississippi river alabama generally ranges in elevation from sea level at mobile bay to a little more than one eight zero zero feet or five five zero meters in the appalachian mountains

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in the northeast the highest point is mount cheaha economy greetings from alabama according to the bureau of economic analysis the two zero zero three total gross state product was one three two billion the per capita income for the state was two six five zero five in two zero

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zero three alabama s agricultural outputs include poultry and eggs cattle plant nursery items peanuts cotton grains such as corn and sorgum vegetables milk soybeans and peaches even though neighboring georgia is called the peach state alabama produces twice as many peaches annually its industrial outputs include iron and steel

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products including cast iron and steel pipe paper lumber and wood products mining mostly coal and plastic products cars and trucks and apparel also alabama produces aerospace and electronic products mostly in the huntsville area home of the nasa george c marshall space flight center and the us army missile

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command headquartered at redstone arsenal also the city of mobile is a busy seaport on the gulf of mexico and with inland waterway access to the midwest via the tennessee tombigbee waterway demographics alabama population density map race and ancestry the racial makeup of the state and comparison to the

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prior census the largest reported ancestry groups in alabama american one seven zero english seven eight irish seven seven german five seven and scotch irish two zero american includes those reported as native american or african american religion the major religions of alabama christian nine two protestant seven nine baptist

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four nine methodist one zero presbyterian three episcopalian two church of god two church of christ two pentecostal two lutheran two other protestant seven catholic one three other religions one non religious seven colleges and universities incomplete culture and interests famous alabamians alabama jubilee hot air balloon classic music of

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alabama alabama public television state wide public tv network list of television stations in alabama alabama shakespeare festival alabama sports festival spirit of america festival u s space the phrase the heart of dixie is required by state law to be included on standard state vehicle license plates but has

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recently been reduced to a very small size and eclipsed by the phrase stars fell on alabama alabama states of the united states one eight one nine establishments for other uses see achilles disambiguation the wrath of achilles by l on benouvillein greek mythology transliterated to akhilleus or achilleus in

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roman letters latinized from this ancient greek to achilles appearing in etruscan as achle was a hero ancient greek heros defender of the trojan war the greatest and the most central character of homer s iliad name the very first two lines of the iliad read transliterated m nin aeide

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thea p l iade akhil os oulomen n h muri akhaiois alge eth ken translated sing muse the wrath of achilles the son of peleus the destructive wrath that brought countless griefs upon the achaeans statue of achillesin these lines we see the name akhilleus peleides which is a praenomen

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and a patronymic the latter being formed from peleus with the suffix ides producing achilles the son of peleus the system is similar to the names used by scandinavians before modern times such as leif erikson achilles name can be analyzed as a combination of akhos grief and laos a

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people tribe nation etc in other words achilles is an embodiment of the grief of the people grief being a theme raised numerous times in the iliad frequently by achilles achilles role as the hero of grief forms an ironic juxtaposition with the conventional view of achilles as the hero

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of kleos glory usually glory in war laos has been construed by gregory nagy following leonard palmer to mean a corps of soldiers with this derivation the name would have a double meaning in the poem when the hero is functioning rightly his men bring grief to the enemy but

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when wrongly his men get the grief the poem is in part about the misdirection of anger on the part of leadership birth achilles was the son of the mortal peleus king of the myrmidons in phthia southeast thessaly and the sea nymph thetis zeus and poseidon had been rivals

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for the hand of thetis until prometheus the fire bringer prophesized that thetis would bear a son greater than his father for this reason the two gods withdrew their pursuit and had her wed to peleus when achilles was born according to the most common version of the myth thetis

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tried to make him immortal by dipping him in the river styx but she forgot to wet the heel she held him by leaving him vulnerable at that spot see achilles tendon in an earlier and less popular version of the story thetis anointed the boy in ambrosia and put

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him on top of a fire to burn away the mortal parts of his body she was interrupted by peleus and abandoned both father and son in a rage homer does not make reference to this invulnerability in the iliad to the contrary he mentions achilles being wounded although not

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seriously peleus gave him together with his young friend or lover patroclus to chiron the centaur on mt pelion to be raised achilles in the trojan war telephus when the greeks left for the trojan war they accidentally stopped in mysia ruled by king telephus in the resulting battle achilles

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gave telephus a wound that would not heal telephus consulted an oracle who stated that he that wounded shall heal according to other reports in euripides lost play about telephus he went to aulis pretending to be a beggar and asked achilles to heal his wound achilles refused claiming to

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have no medical knowledge alternatively telephus held orestes for ransom the ransom being achilles aid in healing the wound odysseus reasoned that the spear had inflicted the wound therefore the spear must be able to heal it pieces of the spear were scraped off onto the wound and telephus was

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healed this is an example of sympathetic magic during the trojan war the rage of achilles by giovanni battista tiepolo in homer s iliad achilles is the only mortal to experience consuming rage menon his anger is at some times wavering at other times absolute the humanization of achilles by

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the events of the war is an important theme of the iliad achilles charioteer s name was automedon troilus according to dares phrygius account of the destruction of troy while troilus the youngest son of priam and hecuba whom some say was fathered by apollo was watering his horses at

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the lion fountain outside the walls of troy achilles saw him and fell in love with his beauty whose loveliness of form was described by ibycus as being like gold thrice refined the youth rejected his advances and took refuge inside the temple of apollo achilles pursued him into the

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sanctuary and decapitated him on the god s own altar tzetzes scholiast on lycophron at the time troilus was said to be a year short of his twentieth birthday and the legend goes that if troilus had lived to be twenty troy would have been invincible first vatican mythographer agamemnon

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and the death of patroclus patroclus and achilles achilles bandages the arm of his friend patroclus the latter turns his head aside to avoid the sight of blood and of achilles noticing his pain grimaces the scene has been interpreted as an act of welfare and comradeship or as a

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scene with sexual overtones ancient greek culture often held the two to be lovers achilles took two three towns outside troy including lyrnessos where he captured briseis to keep as a concubine meanwhile agamemnon took a woman named chryseis and taunted her father chryses a priest of apollo when he

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attempted to buy her back apollo sent a plague through the greek armies and agamemnon was forced to give chryseis back to her father however he took briseis away from achilles as compensation for his loss this action sparked the central plot of the iliad achilles becomes enraged and refuses

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to fight for the greeks any further the war goes badly through the influence of zeus and the greeks offer handsome reparations to their greatest warrior after the greeks are pushed back to the ships which are just starting to be set on fire by the trojan hero hector achilles

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is visited by odysseus ajax and phoenix who attempt to persuade him to return to battle achilles still refuses to fight but agrees to allow patroclus to fight in his place wearing his armor the next day patroclus is killed and stripped of the armor by hector who mistakes him

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for achilles achilles is overwhelmed with grief for his beloved friend and the rage he once harbored toward agamemnon begins shifting to hector thetis his mother rises from the sea floor and sympathizes with his grief she obtains magnificent new armor for him from hephaestus the goddess athena provides him

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