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Please answer a question about the following article about London:
The London Natural History Society suggest that London is "one of the World's Greenest Cities" with more than 40 percent green space or open water. They indicate that 2000 species of flowering plant have been found growing there and that the tidal Thames supports 120 species of fish. They also state that over 60 species of bird nest in central London and that their members have recorded 47 species of butterfly, 1173 moths and more than 270 kinds of spider around London. London's wetland areas support nationally important populations of many water birds. London has 38 Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs), two National Nature Reserves and 76 Local Nature Reserves.
Green space and open water comprises what percent of London? | more than 40 percent | 0 | Flan2021 | squad/v1.1:3.0.0 | zs_opt |
Summarize this article:
Don't force it on; it’s fine if the ring sits above the knuckle at this point. Use a marker to mark the underside of the ring along the center. You can either use dedicated wire cutters, or pliers with a cutting edge. Set them along the line you drew on the ring. Apply pressure smoothly to ensure an even cut. Bend both sides of the ring to keep it as even as possible. Ideally, you’ll want to use a metalworking file. Alternatively, you can use a nail file, but it’ll take longer to file down the ends. You want to make sure the ends are flat so they won’t be able to scratch you. You can use a nail buffer to smooth the edges after filing them down. The ring should fit comfortably but not move on your finger and the open edges shouldn't dig into your finger when you move it. If the ring is still too tight, remove it and widen it further with pliers.
Summary: | Put on the ring and mark the center of the band. Cut the ring along the mark with a pair of wire cutters. Gently bend the ring open with the flat nose pliers. File the cut edges. Try the ring on to check the size. | 2 | Flan2021 | gem/wiki_lingua_english_en:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
If a chemical reaction such as photosynthesis begins with 6 atoms of carbon [C], how many atoms of carbon [C] should be in the products?
Pick the answer from these options
Available options: +12 atoms of carbon [C]; +6 atoms of carbon [C]; +3 atoms of carbon [C]; +2 atoms of carbon [C]; | 6 atoms of carbon [C] | 6 | Flan2021 | ai2_arc/ARC-Easy:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Please check if these have the same meaning. OPTIONS: a. no. b. yes.
The region was then run by the Muslim house of Arakkal , followed by Tipu Sultan .
The region then followed the Muslim house of Arakkal , which was ruled by Tipu Sultan . | a. | 9 | Flan2021 | paws_wiki:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
Translate "Although the burning grass was only 10cm tall, the firemen didn't have the necessary equipment -- and some say training -- to fight the fire and were trapped." to Romanian? | Deşi iarba care ardea avea o înălţime de numai 10 cm, pompierii nu aveau echipamentul necesar – şi, conform anumitor voci, nici pregătirea – pentru a lupta cu focul, ajungând prinşi în capcană. | 7 | Flan2021 | wmt16_translate/ro-en:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Triple: Damsels in Distress (plays) Characters ACTOR_REQUIRED Female, older; Damsels in Distress (plays) Characters ACTOR_IN_ORIGINAL_PRODUCTION Beth Tuckley
What is a sentence that describes this triple? | Beth tuckley played the "female, older" role in the original production. | 0 | Flan2021 | gem/dart:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
In 1988, unrest over economic mismanagement and political oppression by the government led to widespread pro-democracy demonstrations throughout the country known as the 8888 Uprising. Security forces killed thousands of demonstrators, and General Saw Maung staged a coup d'état and formed the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC). In 1989, SLORC declared martial law after widespread protests. The military government finalised plans for People's Assembly elections on 31 May 1989. SLORC changed the country's official English name from the "Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma" to the "Union of Myanmar" in 1989.
Try to answer this question if possible (otherwise reply "unanswerable"): Have elections been held in Burma since the military coup in 1988 ? | The military government finalised plans for People's Assembly elections on 31 May 1989 | 4 | Flan2021 | squad/v2.0:3.0.0 | zs_opt |
The point is thoroughly justified, and the only pity is that anyone should defend the abolition of aid for exports as though it were a kind of religious creed.
Translate to Finnish
Finnish: | Tällä asialla on vankat perusteet ja onkin valitettavaa, että jotkut puolustavat vientitukien poistamista kokonaan aivan kuin kyse olisi jonkinlaisesta uskonkappaleesta. | 0 | Flan2021 | wmt16_translate/fi-en:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Much of the legislative style was adapted from the Roman Law Code of Justinian. As a result, Roman ecclesiastical courts tend to follow the Roman Law style of continental Europe with some variation, featuring collegiate panels of judges and an investigative form of proceeding, called "inquisitorial", from the Latin "inquirere", to enquire. This is in contrast to the adversarial form of proceeding found in the common law system of English and U.S. law, which features such things as juries and single judges.
Answer this question, if possible (if impossible, reply "unanswerable"): What word characterizes the type of procedure found in American and British courts? | adversarial | 6 | Flan2021 | squad/v2.0:3.0.0 | zs_opt |
Objective: How many coats of paint should I spray on my eye glass frame?
Which of the following solutions is more sound in terms of naive physics reasoning?
Pick from: A. You should put 10 heavy coats of paint onto your eye glass frame.. B. You should put 2 light coats of paint onto your eye glass frame.. | B. | 3 | Flan2021 | piqa:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Which of the following is an example of a physical change but not a chemical change? Available choices: --A log gives off heat and light as it burns. --A tree stores energy from the Sun in its fruit. --A penny lost in the grass slowly changes color. --A water pipe freezes and cracks on a cold night.
| A water pipe freezes and cracks on a cold night. | 6 | Flan2021 | unified_qa_science_inst | zs_opt |
Add punctuation to the following sentence: 6 and raised us up with him and made us to sit with him in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus
| 6 and raised us up with him, and made us to sit with him in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus, | 7 | Flan2021 | fix_punct | zs_opt |
Write a title:
Microsofthas joined the desktop search fray with its release Monday of the beta test version of a suite of tools designed to let users find information stored in their PCs.
Title: | Microsoft releases desktop search suite to testers | 8 | Flan2021 | ag_news_subset:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Answer the question
Which situation would be considered observation and measurement?
OPTIONS:
[1]. gathering the resources for a plant investigation.
[2]. recording how much a plant grew daily for a week.
[3]. predicting how much a plant will grow in one week.
[4]. explaining why a plant grew differently under certain conditions. | [2]. | 5 | Flan2021 | ai2_arc/ARC-Challenge:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Ask a question about Southeast Asia. | What is the name of the network through which the Chinese communities were connected with? | 8 | Flan2021 | squad/v1.1:3.0.0 | zs_opt |
Johan August Strindberg (; Swedish: [2strInd,baerj] ( listen); 22 January 1849 - 14 May 1912) was a Swedish playwright, novelist, poet, essayist and painter. A prolific writer who often drew directly on his personal experience, Strindberg's career spanned four decades, during which time he wrote over sixty plays and more than thirty works of fiction, autobiography, history, cultural analysis, and politics.
Strindberg died shortly after the first of his plays was staged in the United States--The Father opened on 9 April 1912 at the Berkeley Theatre in New York, in a translation by Edith and Warner Oland. During Christmas 1911, Strindberg became sick with pneumonia and he never recovered completely. He also started to suffer from a stomach cancer. The last weeks of his life were painful, and the daily papers in Stockholm reported on his health in every edition. He received many letters and telegrams from admirers across the country. He died on 14 May 1912 at the age of 63. Strindberg was interred at Norra begravningsplatsen in Stockholm. He had given strict instructions concerning his funeral and how his body should be treated after death: only members of his immediate family were allowed to view his body, there would be no obduction, no photographs were taken, and no death mask was made. Strindberg had also requested that his funeral should take place as soon as possible after his death to avoid crowds of onlookers. However, the workers' organisations requested that the funeral should take place on a Sunday to make it possible for working men to pay their respects, and the funeral was postponed for five days, until Sunday, 19 May. According to Strindberg's last wish, the funeral procession was to start at 8am, again to avoid crowds, but large groups of people were nevertheless waiting outside his home as well as at the cemetery, as early as 7am. A short service was conducted by Nathan Soderblom by the bier in Strindberg's home, in the presence of three of Strindberg's children and his housekeeper, after which the coffin was taken outside for the funeral procession. The procession was followed by groups of students, workers, and members of Parliament, and it was estimated that up to 60,000 people lined the streets. King Gustaf V sent a wreath for the bier.
Ask a question about this article. | who were his family that came to the funeral? | 9 | Flan2021 | quac:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Write an email with the following subject:
Commerical PRC Meeting Date
Email: | Please mark your calendars. The ENA Commercial PRC meeting will be held on JULY 9. This meeting is by invitation only. Substitutions or Additions will not be permited without the permission of John Lavorato. Further information will follow. | 8 | Flan2021 | aeslc:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Plánuješ, nebo jsi dala někomu knihu?
Could you please translate this to English? | Do you plan to, or have you ever, given anyone a book? | 2 | Flan2021 | wmt16_translate/cs-en:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Thousands rally to support embattled Tunisia government
Generate a new sentence that is, on a scale from 0 to 5, a [F]. in textual similarity to the above sentence. | Thousands gather to support Islamist government in Tunisia | 8 | Flan2021 | glue/stsb:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
This question has options. Does the word "answer" have the same definition in the next two sentences?
Answer the riddle.
Answer a question.
OPT: a. different meanings; b. the same meaning; | b. | 6 | Flan2021 | super_glue/wic:1.0.2 | zs_opt |
Translate from Spanish to English:
La armonización de las fuerzas del principio magnético, está expresada en todas las manifestaciones y en las formas más avanzadas.
English: | The harmonization of the forces of the magnetic principle is expressed in all manifestations and in the most advanced forms. | 4 | Flan2021 | para_crawl_enes | zs_opt |
Sentence: "John is taller than Pete is."
Pick from options: would a linguist rate this sentence to be acceptable linguistically?
Pick from:
(1). unacceptable.
(2). acceptable....I think the answer is | (2). | 0 | Flan2021 | glue/cola:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Produce a long descriptive sentence that uses all these words: Buzz Aldrin, birthPlace, Glen Ridge, New Jersey; Buzz Aldrin, mission, Apollo 11; Buzz Aldrin, almaMater, "Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sc.D. 1963"; Buzz Aldrin, birthDate, "1930-01-20".
Sentence: | Buzz Aldrin was born in Glen Ridge, New Jersey on 20 January 1930. He graduated from MIT ScD in 1963 and was a crew member of Apollo 11. | 6 | Flan2021 | gem/web_nlg_en:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
Please briefly summarize this news article:
Paralyzed Rutgers player aware of hard road ahead
PISCATAWAY, N.J. – Paralyzed Rutgers football player Eric LeGrand is responsive and aware of the difficult road ahead, says coach Greg Schiano, who described the junior defensive tackle as being in "good spirits."
Schiano did not update LeGrand's medical condition in a news conference Tuesday but said he's seen him every day since LeGrand was paralyzed from the neck down after making a special teams tackle against Army on Saturday.
"He goes through different periods," Schiano said. "There are medications that have to be administered. He has been very responsive at times, and very aware. He knows. I have tried to keep him informed. It's only been, even though it feels like a number of days, it's only been a few days.
"I have tried to keep him informed what is going on here," he said. "I see him each day and let him know what is happening with the guys. He understands."
The Scarlet Knights practiced on Tuesday, their first full-contact workout since the Army game. Afterward, Schiano said the team was focused for Saturday's game at Pittsburgh, which is what LeGrand would want them to do.
Over the weekend, Schiano reached out to Penn State coach Joe Paterno for advice on how to handle the situation.
Paterno, who had Schiano on his staff in the early 1990s, went through a similar injury in 2000 when Adam Taliaferro was injured. He walked eight months later. The 83-year-old coach and mentor advised Schiano to be available for LeGrand and his family.
Schiano has followed the message. He has been at the Hackensack University Medical Center every day, providing support for his player and family, while talking to the players' friends. There were 50 visitors for LeGrand at the hospital on Monday, and most didn't get into the intensive care unit where LeGrand is being treated following surgery to stabilize his spine.
"I think everyone has joined together to do the best we can in a bad situation," said Schiano, who has had his players and staff write notes and send DVDs to LeGrand to read or watch when he feels up to it.
Schiano refused to say much about the 72-hour window for players who have been paralyzed. Some doctors believe if an injured person does not get some feeling or movement in that period, there is little chance of recovery.
"In the end, it really boils down to nobody really knows," Schiano said, adding his belief is that LeGrand will recover.
"We know it's going to be a long road," Schiano said. "It's going to be one step at a time and we're going to do this as a family, the LeGrand family, the Rutgers football family. That's the way we are going to approach it."
Rutgers spokesman Jason Baum said 18,000 e-mails had been to LeGrand through the scarletknights.com website.
West Virginia coach Bill Stewart took time out to talk about LeGrand on Tuesday.
"It's a sad occasion when we see injuries and we're hoping and praying," he said. "I received a call Saturday night and my heart's been thinking about him ever since. We're thinking about him and we sure wish Eric and his family the best."
Pitt coach Dave Wannstedt has reached out to Schiano, and Panther players and staff will display a large banner supporting the defensive lineman during Saturday's game. Schiano knows Rutgers (4-2, 1-0 Big East) will have a hard task getting focused and ready to play Pitt (3-3, 1-0).
Paterno said it's going to take a lot of leadership to do that among the Scarlet Knights because "you're not dealing with inanimate objects."
"They've got to face the problem and a couple people have to come to the front and convince people we've got to put it behind us, we're going to be there to support our teammate," Paterno said. "We would expect him to want us to go out there and play hard, play well, do the best we can, and go from there. But again, each team is different. You're dealing with 19- and 20-year-old kids, and all of a sudden, they're not indestructible."
Schiano has stressed accountability to his players and he said this is another time when they have to be accountable.
"Eric LeGrand is a guy that comes to this facility and is locked in," Schiano said. "He loves everything about it. We talked a lot about it as a team. He can't (play) now, but you can and that is what he wants."
Defensive end Jonathan Freeny tapped a so-called problem box as he walked on the field. It's always been there and players touch it to remind themselves to leave their off-the-field concerns away from football.
"Outside of football all of us are thinking about Eric," Freeny said. "But once we step on the field, get to the top of the stairs and put our thoughts in that box, it's all about football. Once we get back off the field Eric in back in our thoughts."
LeGrand's fellow defenders are doing their best to stay off the team's 'LOS' list — lack of swarm list.
"Eric was never on it," defensive captain Joe Lefeged said. "We're trying our best to stay in our normal rhythm."
Schiano smiled when told about the players' feelings.
"It's true, you didn't find 52 on the list," Schiano said, using LeGrand's number. "I think it's something, another way they can honor him and try to help their defense."
AP Sports Writers Genaro Armas in State College, Pa. and John Raby in Charleston, W.Va. contributed to this report.
Summary: | Paralyzed Rutgers football player Eric LeGrand is responsive and aware of the difficult road ahead, says coach Greg Schiano, who described the junior defensive tackle as being in good spirits.... | 2 | Flan2021 | newsroom:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Write a dialog with this premise "Adar and Ananya like Radiohead's new album, but it's not their favourite.". | Adar: do you like the new Radiohead album?
Ananya: i like it. not my favorite though.
Adar: yeah, same here. | 9 | Flan2021 | samsum:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Continue writing the following text.
Jessica hated her new job and wanted to go back to school, because the
Choose from: [+] job was harder.. [+] school was harder.. | job was harder. | 9 | Flan2021 | winogrande:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
Multi-choice problem: Is "I carried the newspaper in my backpack to keep the newspaper dry." true if "Since it was raining, I carried the newspaper in my backpack to keep it dry."?
Pick your answer from:
(a). no
(b). yes | (b). | 8 | Flan2021 | glue/wnli:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
we go into the kitchen and trew heads to the cupboards to get the dishes out and set the table . `` i have n't heard from you in weeks , raph . tell me what you 've been up to , '' i say . i look over at him to see a bottle of red wine in his hands ; he must have brought it with him . he looks in a drawer to find a | corkscrew | 0 | Flan2021 | lambada:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Possible tweet sentiments: Options are:
(1). negative;
(2). positive;
Write a tweet that is (1).. | Itchy ear | 6 | Flan2021 | sentiment140:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
A key question was whether France , which infuriated Washington by leading the charge against U.N. authorization for the war , would vote " Yes " or abstain .
France , which infuriated Washington by leading the charge against U.N. approval for the war , also sought changes .
Are these two sentences paraphrases of each other?
Pick from:
[1]. no.
[2]. yes. | [1]. | 6 | Flan2021 | glue/mrpc:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Paragraph: These contradictory orders, and even letters of recall, reached Law on his march, but though he sent back M. Sinfray with letters to M. Bugros and Coja Wajid--which the latter afterwards made over to Clive--he continued his march to Patna, where he arrived on the 3rd of June, and was well received by Raja Ramnarain, and where he was within four or five days' march or sail from Sooty, the mouth of the Murshidabad or Cossimbazar river, and therefore in a position to join the Nawab whenever it might be necessary. In the mean time fate had avenged Law on one of his lesser enemies. This was that Ranjit Rai, who had insulted him during his interview with the Seths. The latter had pursued their old policy of inciting the English to make extravagant demands which they at the same time urged the Nawab to refuse. To justify one such demand, the English produced a letter in the handwriting of Ranjit Rai, purporting to be written at the dictation of the Seths under instructions from the Nawab. The latter denied the instructions, and the Seths promptly asserted that the whole letter was a forgery of their agent's.
Question: "Who insulted Law after an interview with the Seths?"
Answer: "An Enemy"
Based on the paragraph, choose if the answer is correct:
pick from the following.
1). no.
2). yes. | 1). | 3 | Flan2021 | super_glue/multirc:1.0.2 | zs_opt |
How many dimensions are there?
How many dimensions are there in our universe?
Please tell me if those questions are the same.
Options are:
(A). no;
(B). yes; | (B). | 3 | Flan2021 | glue/qqp:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Does the sentence "Senator Boxer claimed that she had made the motion not to challenge the outcome, but to "shed the light of truth on these irregularities."" answer the question "Why did Senator Boxer say she voted the way she did?"
OPTIONS:
[A]. yes
[B]. no | [A]. | 0 | Flan2021 | glue/qnli:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Sentence 1: It is the biggest private club in Houston and one of the largest in the world , with more than 3,300 members .
Sentence 2: It is the biggest private club in Houston and one of the largest in the world , with over 3,300 members .
Do these two sentences convey the same information?
Available options:
(1). no;
(2). yes; | (2). | 4 | Flan2021 | paws_wiki:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
What is the best measure to use in determining the effect of solar energy on Earth's atmosphere?
Pick the answer from these options
OPTIONS: (I). the temperature of the air (II). the temperature of the ocean (III). the density of clouds in the sky (IV). the amount of rainfall on a rainy day | (I). | 6 | Flan2021 | ai2_arc/ARC-Challenge:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Answer the following question:
what is the meaning of barka da sallah? | blessed Eid prayers | 2 | Flan2021 | natural_questions_open:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
The signing of the Residence Act on July 16, 1790, approved the creation of a capital district located along the Potomac River on the country's East Coast. The U.S. Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Congress and the District is therefore not a part of any state. The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district, which included the pre-existing settlements of Georgetown and Alexandria. Named in honor of President George Washington, the City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital. In 1846, Congress returned the land originally ceded by Virginia; in 1871, it created a single municipal government for the remaining portion of the District.
Answer this question, making sure that the answer is supported by the text: is washington dc a part of a state?
Pick your answer from:
I. no
II. yes | I. | 6 | Flan2021 | bool_q:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Select the correct sentiment of the following review: This film was a yawn from titles to credits, it's boring to the point of tedium and the acting is wooden and stilted! Admittedly this was director Richard Jobson directing debut, but who on earth green-lit a script as poorly developed as this one? Looks like another money down the drain government project (Scottish Screen are credited surprise, surprise). I nearly fell asleep three times and my review will unfortunately have to be more restrained than this one. Please, please mister Jobson what ever you've been doing prior to directing this sedative of a film, go back to it!
OPT:
a). negative;
b). positive; | a). | 5 | Flan2021 | imdb_reviews/plain_text:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Write a title for this article:
Vivien Leigh was one of the silver screen’s true legends: an incendiary talent who won two Best Actress Oscars, famously married (and divorced) another towering artist, Laurence Olivier, and was celebrated during much of her lifetime as a star of the first magnitude both on the stage and in the movies.
But Leigh, who would have been 100 years old today (she was born Nov. 5, 1913, in Darjeeling, India), also endured hellish hardships during her too-short life. She suffered from bipolar disorder, threw herself into calamitous extramarital affairs and died of tuberculosis — from which she had suffered for years when she finally succumbed to the disease, at just 53 years old, in 1967.
Here, on her 100th birthday, LIFE.com remembers the beautiful, mercurial Leigh with two photographs: one of her in the role of the archetypal tempestuous Southern belle, Scarlett O’Hara, and the other made in 1940 at her home in California, with the actress holding the Oscar she won for that iconic performance in Gone With the Wind.
Her second Best Actress Academy Award, for her incarnation as Blanche DuBois in the 1951 Elia Kazan classic, A Streetcar Named Desire, honored a performance that, for many movie fans, was far and away more powerful than her turn as Scarlett. Leigh herself, however, later reportedly said that playing the alcoholic, idealistic, profoundly damaged Blanche “tipped [her] over into madness.”
Vivien Leigh was laid to rest in East Sussex, England. To this day, although she appeared in fewer than two dozen films in her entire career, she is still considered one of the greatest female movie stars of all time.
Peter Stackpole—Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images
Title: | Vivien Leigh: On Her 100th Birthday, Portraits of a Movie Legend | 8 | Flan2021 | newsroom:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Registered mirrors of the debiancd archive
Add punctuation. | Registered mirrors of the debian-cd archive | 0 | Flan2021 | fix_punct | zs_opt |
Demonstrators got up to the microphone and shared their favorite business tip in one - two minutes . Lots of great tips and we all submitted them prior to coming so SU gave us the printed versions , too ! Stampin ' Up had root beer floats ! I have n't had one of those in a long time and even the glasses were chilled !
Generate a question about the above context. | What may I have gotten during the conference ?
Possible answers:
[A]. A sandwich;
[B]. Soda;
[C]. Root beer floats;
[D]. None of the above choices .; | 9 | Flan2021 | cosmos_qa:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Which Russian port was the scene of the Potemkin Mutiny in 1905? | odessa | 1 | Flan2021 | trivia_qa/rc:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
Answer by taking a quote from the following article:
Marissa Ann Mayer (; born May 30, 1975) is an American information technology executive, formerly serving as the president and chief executive officer of Yahoo!, a position she had held starting July 2012. It was announced in January 2017 that she would step down from the company's board upon the sale of Yahoo!'s operating business to Verizon Communications for $4.8 billion. She would not join the newly combined company, now called "Oath," and announced her resignation on June 13, 2017.
After graduating from Stanford, Mayer received 14 job offers, including a teaching job at Carnegie Mellon University and a consulting job at McKinsey & Company. She joined Google in 1999 as employee number 20. She started out writing code and overseeing small teams of engineers, developing and designing Google's search offerings. She became known for her attention to detail, which helped land her a promotion to product manager, and later she became director of consumer web products. She oversaw the layout of Google's well-known, unadorned search homepage. She was also on the three-person team responsible for Google AdWords, which is an advertising platform that allows businesses to show their product to relevant potential customers based on their search terms. AdWords helped deliver 96% of the company's revenue in the first quarter of 2011. In 2002, Mayer started the Associate Product Manager (APM) program, a Google mentorship initiative to recruit new talents and cultivate them for leadership roles. Each year, Mayer selected a number of junior employees for the two-year program, where they took on extracurricular assignments and intensive evening classes. Notable graduates of the program include Bret Taylor and Justin Rosenstein. In 2005, Mayer became Vice President of Search Products and User Experience. Mayer held key roles in Google Search, Google Images, Google News, Google Maps, Google Books, Google Product Search, Google Toolbar, iGoogle, and Gmail. Mayer was the vice president of Google Search Products and User Experience until the end of 2010, when she was asked by then-CEO Eric Schmidt to head the Local, Maps, and Location Services. In 2011, she secured Google's acquisition of survey site Zagat for $125 million. While Mayer was working at Google, she taught introductory computer programming at Stanford and mentored students at the East Palo Alto Charter School. She was awarded the Centennial Teaching Award and the Forsythe Award from Stanford.
What did she get promoted to? | promotion to product manager, and later she became director of consumer web products. | 2 | Flan2021 | quac:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
(1) After Sheila was raped in 1986 and the death of son Bobby in 1987 , Damon and Sheila began to shake marriage .
(2) After Sheila was raped in 1986 and the death of son Bobby in 1987 , Damon and Sheila 's marriage began to falter .
Do these two sentences mean the same thing?
Choose your answer from:
1). no.
2). yes. | 1). | 3 | Flan2021 | paws_wiki:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
Question: In what year was the patent filed for an electric liquid capacitor?
Is Charles Pollak (born Karol Pollak), the inventor of the first electrolytic capacitors, found out that the oxide layer on an aluminum anode remained stable in a neutral or alkaline electrolyte, even when the power was switched off. a good answer to this question?
Options are: *yes *no | no | 7 | Flan2021 | glue/qnli:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Generate a sentence that contains a fact. | nerves are made of nerve cells | 9 | Flan2021 | openbookqa:0.1.0 | zs_opt |
Here is some data: AIP Advances, editor, A.T. Charlie Johnson; A.T. Charlie Johnson, almaMater, Harvard University; A.T. Charlie Johnson, residence, United States; AIP Advances, publisher, American Institute of Physics.
Write a sentence that describes this data.
Sentence: | A T Charlie Johnson lives in the US and is the editor of AIP Advances published by the American Institute of Physics. His alma mater is Harvard University. | 2 | Flan2021 | gem/web_nlg_en:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
How is "In summer we have a garden restaurant open with a garden house under the spreading ash trees and an outside grille, where we can prepare specialties in the open air." said in German? | In den sommerlichen Monaten steht den Gästen das Sommerrestaurant mit Gartenlaube und Gartengrill für die Zubereitung von Spezialitäten unter freiem Himmel zur Verfügung. | 6 | Flan2021 | wmt16_translate/de-en:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Answer this:
Nature's Bug Zappers Bats Just the word makes some people cringe. However, bats are probably the most misunderstood animals. Despite what movies, television and literature would have you believe, bats don't terrorize the night. Bats are incredibly important not only to our natural world but to our economy. As primary predators of night-flying insects, bats help to control many of our most annoying pests. A single little brown bat can catch 1,200 mosquito-sized insects in an hour. Big brown bats consume costly crop pests including cucumber beetles, June beetles, leafhoppers, cutworm moths and corn ear worm moths. Bats are not blind. Those that do hunt in the dark have developed a system to help detect objects. These bats produce sounds at high frequencies. By listening to the echoes of these sounds, bats are able to discern objects. This is known as echolocation. Using the reflected sounds, they form pictures in their brains just like we do by interpreting reflected light with our eyes. What's Happening to Bats? Disturbance by people is a major cause of decline in many bat populations. They are also threatened by loss of feeding or roosting habitat, usually wooded areas near water sources. Disturbing a maternity colony can cause mothers to drop their young or move them to a less suitable site. Disturbance during hibernation wakes bats, causing them to burn the precious fat reserves they have stored for the winter. Even responsible cave explorers can inadvertently disturb bats at critical times of the year. As traditional roosts in trees and caves have been destroyed, many bats seek shelter in man-made structures. Scientists have studied the roosting requirements of bats in order to provide artificial homes. Some bats use these bat houses quite successfully. Which type of organism would most likely compete with bats for food?
Possible answers:
(A). birds that consume seeds.
(B). insects that consume leaves.
(C). mosquitoes that consume blood.
(D). amphibians that consume insects. | (D). | 7 | Flan2021 | unified_qa_science_inst | zs_opt |
Here is an email: Thanks for the tip last night! I called and ragged around my thieving ins. company this morning and they are going to cough up some serious insurance for me and Sandra at suuper-cheap pre XXX prices. Cool. My only concern at this point is that my over-insured status may create undesirable incentives for the little ladies in my life (the dreaded "worth more dead than alive syndrome"!) Adios amigo! DF
What is a potential subject line for this email? | Insurance | 3 | Flan2021 | aeslc:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
How does the sentence end? See options at the end
Katrina was still married to their spouse but not Patricia because
Choose from:
+ Katrina had a wedding ring on their finger.;
+ Patricia had a wedding ring on their finger.; | Katrina had a wedding ring on their finger. | 0 | Flan2021 | winogrande:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
How is "The administration of Hunedoara County in western Romania sealed two contracts with Asset Management System of Bucharest, a subsidiary of Luxembourg's Fibelfin, for the building of an airport and a road under a public-private partnership scheme." said in Turkish? | Romanya'nın batısındaki Hunedoara Eyaleti'nin yönetimi, kamu-özel ortaklık planı çerçevesinde bir havaalanı ve karayolu inşası için Lüksemburg merkezli Fibelfin firmasının yan kuruluşu olan Asset Management System of Bucharest ile iki sözleşme imzaladı. | 6 | Flan2021 | wmt16_translate/tr-en:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
In 1986 he became the head of London European Airways, a business in which Ryanair had bought an 85% stake. This position, however, quickly disappeared as the carrier became Ryanair UK and was then merged entirely with Ryanair. Over the next decade, Cathal worked both on the executive board of the airline and as a pilot, although he resigned from the latter by 1996. He remained with Ryanair until leaving the board 2002, by which time he was a multi-millionaire due to the success of the airline.
Select from:
[I] yes
[II] no
Question: Can we infer the following?
Ryan was Cathal's father. | [II] | 4 | Flan2021 | super_glue/rte:1.0.2 | zs_opt |
Please check if these have the same meaning. Options are:
[-] no.
[-] yes.
There are 4 playable characters , each with a unique ability and also a different combat style .
There are 4 playable characters , each with a unique ability and also a different fighting style : | yes | 9 | Flan2021 | paws_wiki:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
At 9:48, a representative from the White House shelter asked if there were any indications of another hijacked aircraft. The deputy director for operations mentioned the Delta flight and concluded that "that would be the fourth possible hijack." At 9:49, the commander of NORAD directed all air sovereignty aircraft to battle stations, fully armed. At 9:59, an Air Force lieutenant colonel working in the White House Military Office joined the conference and stated he had just talked to Deputy National Security Advisor Stephen Hadley. The White House requested (1) the implementation of continuity of government measures, (2) fighter escorts for Air Force One, and (3) a fighter combat air patrol over Washington, D.C. By 10:03, when United 93 crashed in Pennsylvania, there had been no mention of its hijacking and the FAA had not yet been added to the teleconference. The President and the Vice President The President was seated in a classroom when, at 9:05, Andrew Card whispered to him: "A second plane hit the second tower. America is under attack." The President told us his instinct was to project calm, not to have the country see an excited reaction at a moment of crisis. The press was standing behind the children; he saw their phones and pagers start to ring. The President felt he should project strength and calm until he could better understand what was happening. The President remained in the classroom for another five to seven minutes, while the children continued reading. He then returned to a holding room shortly before 9:15, where he was briefed by staff and saw television coverage. He next spoke to Vice President Cheney, Dr. Rice, New York Governor George Pataki, and FBI Director Robert Mueller. He decided to make a brief statement from the school before leaving for the airport. The Secret Service told us they were anxious to move the President to a safer location, but did not think it imperative for him to run out the door. Between 9:15 and 9:30, the staff was busy arranging a return to Washington, while the President consulted his senior advisers about his remarks. No one in the traveling party had any information during this time that other aircraft were hijacked or missing. Staff was in contact with the White House Situation Room, but as far as we could determine, no one with the President was in contact with the Pentagon.
Choose from options: Based on the paragraph, does the response "Start screaming" correctly answer the question "What did the President do immediately after Andrew Card told him "America is under attack."?"?
Pick from: -- no -- yes | no | 4 | Flan2021 | super_glue/multirc:1.0.2 | zs_opt |
What is the debate topic for the following sentences?
1. Not intervening risks the whole region being slowly destabilised and drawn in to the conflict .
2. The conflict is also affecting neighbours ; refugees have flooded into Jordan , Lebanon , and Turkey , and Israel is already believed to have attacked a convoy or research facility involved in chemical and biological weapons development .
3. Clearly the presence of these weapons show how much worse the situation could get if Assad is not overthrown .
4. The Assad regime has clearly lost its legitimacy and has precipitated a humanitarian crisis in Syria .
5. The February estimate of 70000 killed is up from an estimate of 60000 only a month before , so clearly the violence is escalating . | This House would arm the Syrian rebels | 7 | Flan2021 | opinion_abstracts_idebate | zs_opt |
Please check if these have the same meaning. Choose from: --no; --yes;
One of the advantages the quantitative research as a whole has over qualitative research is its flexibility .
One of the advantages of quantitative research as a whole over the qualitative is its flexibility . | yes | 9 | Flan2021 | paws_wiki:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
Croaţia s-a bucurat în ultimii ani de un avânt în construcţii, dar criza economică a afectat economiile oamenilor.
Could you please translate this to English? | Croatia enjoyed a construction boom in recent years, but the economic crisis took a toll on customers’ savings. | 2 | Flan2021 | wmt16_translate/ro-en:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
If "The trophy doesn't fit into the brown suitcase because it is too small.", is "The trophy is too small." correct?
pick from the following.
(A). no
(B). yes
Answer: | (A). | 2 | Flan2021 | glue/wnli:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Multi-choice question: What is the sentiment of the following tweet?
Tweet: @lamunro you must be off work it's raining lol
Select from: A). negative. B). positive. | B). | 4 | Flan2021 | sentiment140:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Write a question about the following article: After their bye week, the Lions traveled east to play the Philadelphia Eagles. The Lions took an early lead in the first quarter with two field goals by Jason Hanson, from 46 and 34 yards out. The only scoring drive of the second quarter was a 2-yard touchdown pass from Michael Vick to LeSean McCoy to put Philadelphia up by 1 point. In the third quarter the Eagles' Alex Henery kicked 2 field goals, from 26 and 32 yards out. In the fourth quarter, Alex Henery kicked a 49-yard field goal. The Lions responded with a 1-yard touchdown run by Matthew Stafford. The Eagles' Jeremy Maclin then caught a 70-yard touchdown pass from Michael Vick. The Lions responded with their own touchdown pass, a 17-yarder from Matthew Stafford to Nate Burleson. The Lions took it to overtime after Jason Hanson kicked a 19-yard field goal. On the second drive in Overtime, the Lions' Jason Hanson kicked the game-winning field goal from 45 yards out. With the win, the Lions improved to 2-3, snapping their 3-game losing streak.
Question about the article: | How many touchdowns were scored in the fourth quarter? | 8 | Flan2021 | drop:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Article: NATO defines anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) as "measures taken to defend a maritime force against attacks by airborne weapons launched from aircraft, ships, submarines and land-based sites." In some armies the term All-Arms Air Defence (AAAD) is used for air defence by non-specialist troops. Other terms from the late 20th century include GBAD (Ground Based AD) with related terms SHORAD (Short Range AD) and MANPADS ("Man Portable AD Systems": typically shoulder-launched missiles). Anti-aircraft missiles are variously called surface-to-air missile, abbreviated and pronounced "SAM" and Surface to Air Guided Weapon (SAGW).
Now answer this question: What does GBAD stand for? | Ground Based AD | 6 | Flan2021 | squad/v1.1:3.0.0 | zs_opt |
See context followed by options. Is "Jim" the same as "he" in this sentence?
Jim comforted Kevin because *he* was so upset.
OPTIONS:
1). no
2). yes | 1). | 8 | Flan2021 | super_glue/wsc.fixed:1.0.2 | zs_opt |
Q: who played calibos in the original clash of the titans? A: | Neil McCarthy as Calibos | 9 | Flan2021 | natural_questions_open:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
(1) He is survived by his children , Samantha Coppola of Brooklyn and Jason Coppola of Bogota , and three grandchildren .
(2) He is survived by his children , Samantha Coppola of Brooklyn and Jason Coppola of Bogotá , and three grandchildren .
Do these two sentences mean the same thing?
OPT:
a). no.
b). yes. | b). | 3 | Flan2021 | paws_wiki:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
What happens next in this paragraph?
Little kid is jumping on dry leaves. Woman is raking dry leaves on a yard. kid
Options:
[a]. kneels and grabs a dry leaf to put it in the trash bin.
[b]. is on a bull braking on the grass.
[c]. are in a yard carselet something in the puddle.
[d]. is riding on a horse in a fenced in yard. | [a]. | 0 | Flan2021 | hellaswag:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
In actual practice, however, we act too often as if we only cared for economic values. If we are to live up to our educational profession, we must look our aim in the face and honestly practise what we believe. While training of character and conduct is the accepted aim for education in general, to make this useful and practical each teacher must fix her attention on how this ultimate aim affects her own special part of the whole work. By watching the free child she will discover how best she can help him: he knows his own business, and when unfettered by advice or command shows plainly that he is chiefly concerned with _gaining experience_. He finds himself in what is to him a new and complex world of people and things; actual experience is the foundation for a complete living, and the stronger the foundation the better the result of later building. _The first vital principle then is that the teacher of young children must provide life in miniature; that is, she must provide abundant raw material and opportunities for experience_.
What question would one ask from this paragraph? | How do the aims of education and the actual practice differ? | 9 | Flan2021 | super_glue/multirc:1.0.2 | zs_opt |
Colt McCoy completed 83.3 percent of his passes, (25-30 for 299 yds) the most in Redskins history by a quarterback with at least 30 attempts. Murray extended his 100-yard game rushing streak to eight games with 19 carries for 141 yards vs Washington. The game was the 107th meeting in 54 years between the Dallas Cowboys and the Washington Redskins. After the loss to Washington, the Cowboys now have a total of 64 wins to 41 losses and 2 ties in 54 years. Including the loss to the Redskins on Monday Night, the Cowboys have played in a total of 75 Monday Night games and have an overall record of 43-32.
how many losses did the cowboys have? | 41 | 2 | Flan2021 | drop:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Question: Why may older adults quit doing activities the love?
Is The older adult may refrain from reporting pain because they are afraid they will have to have surgery or will be put on a drug they might become addicted to. a good answer to this question?
Pick from: [+] yes [+] no | no | 7 | Flan2021 | glue/qnli:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Translate from Spanish to English:
Para ilustrar este punto: Vean como la estatua de Hanuman ha sido instalada en la colina (en el Estadio Hill View), que hasta Larsen y Trubo (los ingenieros constructores) levantaron sus manos sintiéndose incapaces.
English: | To illustrate this point: Look at the way Hanuman’s statue is made to stand on the hill. International companies, such as L & T, lifted their hands in helplessness. | 4 | Flan2021 | para_crawl_enes | zs_opt |
.. on a different tack - my Modbook is arriving today at 12 pm!!! Can't wait. If you ain't familiar - Google it. & feel the tech lust
Select your answer from the options. What is the sentiment of this tweet?
OPTIONS:
(1). negative;
(2). positive;...I think the answer is | (2). | 0 | Flan2021 | sentiment140:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
What is the solution?
Solve 184*c = 96*c + 1760 for c. | 20 | 2 | Flan2021 | math_dataset/algebra__linear_1d:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Possible tweet sentiments: Choose your answer from:
a). negative.
b). positive.
Write a tweet that is b).. | @JDG333 I was just teasing you. (kinda) | 6 | Flan2021 | sentiment140:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Summarize this article:
But in the past, he was much less low-key. Whether on his motorcycle or at the helm heel of the family sailboat – The Raymoni – he always went full throttle. When he fought, which was often, it was usually a one-sided affair.
“He was a terror,” said Leo, another former associate of Doug Ford.
Numerous sources identified Randy Ford as former drug dealer, including one who identified himself as former partner, but he and Doug maintained distinctly separate operations. “Doug, being savvy as he was and as business-minded as he was, knew his brother was just too volatile,” said “Justin,” the street-level dealer who said he was supplied by Doug Ford.
The eldest Ford sibling, Kathy, has been subjected to media scrutiny over the years, primarily because she has been linked to a number of bizarre, violent and sensational incidents.
Most recently, in January, 2012, her long-time boyfriend, a convicted cocaine and hash dealer named Scott MacIntyre, was charged with threatening to murder the mayor at his Etobicoke home. He eventually pleaded guilty to a lesser offence and was given credit for time served.
(In a brief interview with CBC after the alleged death threat, Doug Ford said: “To be honest with you, I really don’t know Scott MacIntyre.” Photographs and video taken on the night of the 2010 election show that Mr. MacIntyre was part of the small group of family members celebrating with the new mayor, his wife, Renata, and Doug.)
Ms. Ford’s relationship with Mr. MacIntyre is even more perplexing because of an earlier incident: In 2005, he and another man were accused of shooting her in the face during an altercation in her parents’ basement. She survived the blast and was rushed to hospital, while Mr. MacIntyre fled in her mother’s Jaguar. Crown prosecutors later dropped numerous charges against him, while his co-accused, Michael Patania, pleaded guilty to one count of possession of a handgun.
But even before that, there was gunplay – and it was fatal. Seven years earlier, Ms. Ford’s lover was fatally shot by her ex-husband, a drug addict named Ennio Stirpe. At his trial, Mr. Stirpe testified that his victim, Michael Kiklas, was a martial artist, which forced him to bring along the shotgun as “an equalizer.”
Not mentioned in the press at the time was the fact that Mr. Kiklas was a white supremacist – a group with which Ms. Ford associated in the 1980s.
Her friends included Gary MacFarlane, a founding member of the short-lived Canadian chapter of the Ku Klux Klan, as well as the late Wolfgang Droege, perhaps the most notorious white supremacist in Canadian history, a former Klansman told The Globe in an interview. Two other former associates of Ms. Ford confirmed her association with known white supremacists.
Among Mr. Droege’s numerous criminal endeavours, he also sold cocaine and marijuana, which led to his death in 2005 when he was killed by a customer. Mr. Droege was incarcerated for much of the 1980s in U.S. prisons – both for drug trafficking and for his role in a bizarre plot to overthrow the government of Dominica in the Caribbean.
The former Klansman, who agreed to answer questions by e-mail on condition of anonymity, confirmed that Kathy Ford was close to the movement, but he said he couldn’t recall meeting any of the Ford brothers. He described hanging out in the Fords’ basement and being snubbed by Doug Sr. when Ms. Ford invited him to a party on the family boat. Her father, the former Klansman said, clearly did not approve of his beliefs, while she was engaging and fun but hardly a committed soldier in the race war.
“Some people are real ‘believers’ and know all the history, dates, facts etc… Others just join to piss off their parents, or carry out some other act of personal rebellion,” he wrote. “Clearly [Kathy] was the latter camp.”
It remains unclear how much Mayor Ford was exposed to his siblings’ escapades and their issues with illegal drugs. He is considerably younger – Doug, the closest, is five years older. But at least one of Doug’s closest and oldest friends has become an official adviser to the mayor’s office. Several sources have identified David Price as a former participant in Doug Ford’s hashish enterprise.
Report Typo/Error ||||| This weekend, The Globe and Mail is publishing an extensive examination of the Toronto Ford family’s decades-old connection to illicit drugs. We are doing so with utmost caution, journalistic rigour and legal scrutiny – ultimately believing that Torontonians and, more broadly, Canadians need to understand the background of the most politically powerful family in the country’s biggest city.
An 18-month investigation by reporters Greg McArthur and Shannon Kari reveals that Toronto Mayor Rob Ford’s brother Doug sold hashish for several years in the 1980s, in the Toronto suburb of Etobicoke. Another brother, Randy, was also involved in the drug trade, and charged in relation to a drug-related kidnapping. Their sister, Kathy, has been the victim of drug-related gun violence.
Mr. McArthur, one of the country’s most respected investigative reporters, began work on this project in late 2011, in an attempt to detail the history of the Fords. Although Rob Ford had been well-documented as a councillor and mayor, little existed on the public record about his older brother Doug, who has emerged as a force in the mayor’s office and across the city.
We have approached Rob and Doug Ford several times to speak to the allegations. A senior Globe editor visited Doug Ford, privately, to explain the purpose of our research. Doug Ford rebuffed our entreaties, and aggressively threatened legal action.
As we approached publication, we returned to three fundamental questions that readers should rightly ask of us:
How reliable is our information?
We located and interviewed 10 people who claimed to have contact with Doug Ford over illicit drugs. Each individual said they were afraid to attach their name to the story, citing the Ford family’s power in Toronto.
They did, however, speak at length, and in detail. Throughout we consulted with our legal counsel.
Is this information of public interest?
Rob and Doug Ford hold sway over much of the city’s business and have influence on a range of public affairs, including policing. They have campaigned on anti-drug platforms, as outlined in the story, and spoken in recent years of the need to do more to stop drug-related crime, without ever acknowledging the family’s own struggles. The rest of city council, and citizens at large, deserve to understand the moral record of their leaders. In most matters, public or private, character matters.
Why now?
Our investigation has been ongoing since late 2011. The reporters were sent back multiple times to find more witnesses, corroborate details and further authenticate information provided in previous interviews. We decided to publish their work this week, given the intense public interest around the Ford family and alleged substance abuse. After Rob Ford spoke to the media on Friday afternoon, carefully saying he does not use crack cocaine and is not addicted to crack cocaine, a group of senior editors met again, reviewed the story, and concluded again that it is in the public interest to publish. Indeed, we felt it would be irresponsible not to share this information with the public at this time.
Kofi Annan’s patience for peace
Kofi Annan has had a front-row seat to world events for nearly 20 years and has a simple message for anyone concerned about sectarian violence almost anywhere: be patient and keep talking.
I interviewed Mr. Annan in Ottawa Thursday night at an event hosted by the Global Centre for Pluralism, which is located in a stunningly designed structure on Sussex Drive built by the Aga Khan and the Canadian Ismaili community. Mr. Annan spoke about his challenges in defusing the Syrian crisis, his success averting a sectarian war in Kenya a few years ago, and his dealings with Saddam Hussein, George W. Bush and Tony Blair.
You can watch video highlights of our discussion here:
Over dinner afterward, he spoke frankly about the need for patience. Egypt, he said, could take 15 years to stabilize. Syria is a decade-long project, with or without Bashar al-Assad in power. He encouraged even middle powers such as Canada to play a role in getting the many sides in a conflict to talk. Sometimes they need to talk for years. But he recounted his visit to Baghdad in 1998 to convince Saddam Hussein to open his palaces to inspections – and felt he was succeeding as long as Saddam was willing to talk.
It’s the sort of appeasement that many conservatives feel plays right into the hands of dictators and war-mongerers. Mr. Annan says a greater challenge is the big powers who “talk over one another.” Case in point: Russia and the United States, which he feels undermined a peace agreement for Syria last year because they weren’t listening to one another. He thinks John Kerry is changing that and winning confidence with Moscow.
Any further failure, he warns, will lead to an explosion of conflict in and around Syria. Message to Canada: help keep parties to the conflict talking.
Enjoy the weekend,
Report Typo/Error ||||| This investigative report reveals that:
Doug Ford, Toronto Mayor Rob Ford’s brother, sold hashish for several years in the 1980s.
Another brother, Randy, was also involved in the drug trade and was once charged in relation to a drug-related kidnapping.
Their sister, Kathy, has been the victim of drug-related gun violence.
In the 1980s, anyone wanting to buy hashish had to know where to go. And in central Etobicoke, the wealthy Toronto suburb where Mayor Rob Ford grew up, one of those places was James Gardens. In the evening, the sports cars often wound along Edenbridge Drive, past the gated homes and the lawn-bowling pitches, until they reached the U-shaped parking lot. By nightfall, the public park was a hash drive-thru. One former street dealer, whom we will call "Justin," described the scene as "an assembly line."
There were usually a number of dealers to choose from, some of them supplied by a mainstay at James Gardens – a young man with the hulk-like frame and mop of bright blond hair: Doug Ford. "Most people didn't approach Doug looking for product. You went to the guys that he supplied. Because if Doug didn't know you and trust you, he wouldn't even roll down his window," Justin said.
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Today, Mr. Ford is a member of Toronto's city council – and no ordinary councillor. First elected in 2010 as his brother was swept into the mayor's office, he has emerged as a truly powerful figure at City Hall –– trying to overhaul plans for Toronto's waterfront less than a year after arriving. He also has higher aspirations, and has said he wants to follow in the footsteps of his father, Doug Ford Sr., by running in the next provincial election as a Conservative.
Meanwhile, he serves as his brother's de facto spokesman. As Toronto is gripped by allegations that its mayor was captured on a homemade video smoking what appears to be crack cocaine and his office descends into disarray – his chief of staff was fired on Thursday – Doug Ford has been the only person to mount a spirited public defence of his largely silent sibling. On Friday, after the Mayor finally made a statement about the accusation, he was the one who fielded questions from the press.
Well before the events of the past week, The Globe and Mail began to research the Ford brothers in an effort to chronicle their lives before rising to prominence in Canada's largest city. Over the past 18 months, it has sought out and interviewed dozens of people who knew them in their formative years.
What has emerged is a portrait of a family once deeply immersed in the illegal drug scene. All three of the mayor's older siblings – brother Randy, 51, and sister Kathy, 52, as well as Doug, 48 – have had ties to drug traffickers.
Ten people who grew up with Doug Ford – a group that includes two former hashish suppliers, three street-level drug dealers and a number of casual users of hash – have described in a series of interviews how for several years Mr. Ford was a go-to dealer of hash. These sources had varying degrees of knowledge of his activities: Some said they purchased hash directly from him, some said they supplied him, while others said they observed him handling large quantities of the drug.
The events they described took place years ago, but as mayor, Rob Ford has surrounded himself with people from his past. Most recently he hired someone for his office whose long history with the Fords, the sources said, includes selling hashish with the mayor's brother.
The Globe wrote to Doug Ford outlining what the sources said about him, and received a response from Gavin Tighe, his lawyer, who said the allegations were false. "Your references to unnamed alleged sources of information represent the height of irresponsible and unprofessional journalism given the gravely serious and specious allegations of substantial criminal conduct."
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There's nothing on the public record that The Globe has accessed that shows Doug Ford has ever been criminally charged for illegal drug possession or trafficking. But some of the sources said that, in the affluent pocket of Etobicoke where the Fords grew up, he was someone who sold not only to users and street-level dealers, but to dealers one rung higher than those on the street. His tenure as a dealer, many of the sources say, lasted about seven years until 1986, the year he turned 22. "That was his heyday," said "Robert," one of the former drug dealers who agreed to an interview on the condition he not be identified by name.
Upon being approached, the sources declined to speak if identified, saying they feared the consequences of outing themselves as former users and sellers of illegal drugs.
The Globe also tried to contact retired police officers who investigated drugs in the area at the time. One said he had no recollection of encountering the Fords.
Another, whose name appeared on court documents in relation to allegations of assault and forcible confinement committed by Randy Ford, said he could not recall the incident. Several did not respond.
Since entering public life, both Fords have been ardent supporters of Toronto police and have campaigned, over the years, on increasing the police presence on Etobicoke's streets. In December, 2011, Doug Ford showed up, unannounced, at a police press conference to trumpet the force's crackdown on a network of drug dealers who were selling, among other things, marijuana.
Doug, like Rob, frequently promotes the Ford family as a type of brand – one that started with their late father's four-year tenure as an MPP in the government of former Ontario premier Mike Harris. Doug Ford is fond of invoking his family's contributions to the community. Through his involvement with the Rotary Club of Etobicoke, he has helped to organize events like the Etobicoke Fall Fair. He frequently mentions the many sports teams that the Ford family business, Deco Labels and Tags, has sponsored over the years. He also cites the many football teams his younger brother has coached, and the hordes of people – he puts the figure at 25,000 – the Fords have entertained at their annual backyard barbecue.
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But long before he took over the family business and pursued public office, Doug Ford's circle of friends was a group of young people who called themselves the RY Drifters, after the Royal York Plaza, a strip mall many of them frequented.
The Fords' neighbourhood was paradoxical in some respects. It teemed with wealth; families who settled there after the Second World War, such as the Fidanis and the Brattys, would become known as the biggest players in Toronto-area land development. As his sticker and label business flourished, Doug Ford Sr. was featured in the society pages of The Globe, rubbing elbows with cabinet ministers, senators and members of the Eaton family.
But the prosperity disguised a disturbing trend among many of the area's young adults – an attraction to crime that went beyond typical teenage rebellion. Former Ford associates interviewed for this story identified at least 10 RY Drifters who became heroin addicts, some of whom turned to break-ins and robberies to support their habits.
In recent years, the Ford family home has become known for the annual barbecue, attended by hundreds of neighbours and a Who's Who of Conservative luminaries – including Prime Minister Stephen Harper and federal Finance Minister Jim Flaherty. But in the 1980s, the finished basement at 15 Weston Wood Rd. was one of the many places Doug Ford did business, the sources said.
"Justin" recalled descending to the basement on one occasion to buy hash from Mr. Ford, and on numerous other occasions watching as it was sold.
He said he couldn't recall exactly how much hash he purchased that day, but that it was enough to require a triple-beam balance scale – the kind used in most high-school science classes. Normally, street-level dealers in that era relied on Pesola scales, the compact tubes often used by fishermen to weigh their catch. "If you went over [a quarter-pound], you had to go up to the three beamers – because you could get up to a few pounds on it," he explained.
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As a dealer, Doug Ford was not highly visible. Another source, "Tom," who also supplied street-level dealers and has a long criminal record, said his girlfriend at the time would complain, whenever he was arrested, that he needed to be more calculating "like Doug." Mr. Ford's approach, sources said, was to supply a select group that in turn distributed smaller amounts across Etobicoke.
As well as James Gardens, a popular place to buy hash was the Royal York Plaza, also known as The Drift, because it offered a clear line of sight down Royal York Road and fair warning of any approaching police cruisers.
The mall is located steps from the Fords' childhood home. "If [Doug] wasn't going out, someone would go down to the house and pick it up and bring it down to the Royal York Plaza," said "Sheila," adding that she was an RY Drifter who bought small quantities of hash from Mr. Ford, and knew him to supply street-level dealers. "If Doug wasn't around, people … would sell it for him. It was an operation." The quantities that Mr. Ford handled were, at times, substantial. "Michael" said he remembered buying hash from Doug Ford at least half a dozen times – before he found a cheaper source – and that each time he bought between one-quarter and one-half of a pound. He said that a quarter-pound sold for between $400 and $425.
Like many of the street-level dealers interviewed, he said he sold hash in order to support his own smoking habits. When asked where Mr. Ford fit in the hierarchy of dealers in their neighbourhood, he replied: "He'd be at the top."
Turf wars were rare. Relations between dealers were so good, in fact, that in times of short supply, competitors turned to each other for help. "Robert," a former high-volume seller of hash, said he had an arrangement with Mr. Ford. "He would buy off me, sometimes I would buy off him."
"Tom," the high-volume hash dealer who admired Mr. Ford's ability to avoid scrutiny, also said he and Doug helped each other out during shortages. "We had all figured out that that kept the cops away. 'Let's keep things low-profile. Why start fights? There's enough money in it for everybody.' And most people agreed with that. Once the fights start and the guns come out, then the cops will be in and it will ruin it for everybody."
But the shunning of strong-arm tactics was not universal.
Marco Orlando had thick, curly black hair and round cheeks. He and his parents, Italian immigrants, lived in a bungalow on a quiet cul-de-sac a short walk from the Ford family home.
He was also supplied a lot of drugs on credit but was notoriously unreliable when it came to paying for them. Among his suppliers, the suspicion was that Marco was sharing his illicit proceeds with his parents and feigning poverty. So two weeks before Christmas, they hatched a plan, said "Tom," a drug dealer who said he was involved in the scheme.
On a Tuesday night, with the usual throng of young adults outside the Bank of Montreal at the Royal York Plaza, Marco was jumped, beaten and thrown into a car. He was driven more than 30 kilometres to a basement in Bolton, where someone called his parents, demanding they hand over the money. For 10 hours, Mr. Orlando was captive, but his parents didn't panic. Instead, they called the police. Within three days, all three men allegedly involved in the plot were under arrest. ("The powers-that-be blow things all out of proportion, and I guess technically it is kidnapping, but in our world, he owed us $5,000," said Tom.)
One of those arrested was Randy Ford, who was 24 at the time. Court records retrieved from the Archives of Ontario show that he was charged with assault causing bodily harm and the forcible confinement of Mr. Orlando. The records do not disclose how the case was resolved. Randy Ford's lawyer at the time, Dennis Morris – currently representing Rob Ford in the controversy over the alleged crack-cocaine video – said he did not recall the incident. He questioned the allegations surrounding the Ford family's past: "What's the point, other than a smear campaign?"
Since his brothers became leaders of Canada's largest city, Randy has largely remained in the background. Like them, he has blond hair and a wide frame; he also drives a Cadillac Escalade. One of the few times he has been photographed by the media was for a Toronto Star article during the 2010 election campaign. He posed with his brothers in front of a portrait of their father at the family business, where Randy oversees manufacturing. During the election-night speeches at the Toronto Congress Centre, he stood silently behind Doug, wearing a dark cowboy hat.
But in the past, he was much less low-key. Whether on his motorcycle or at the helm heel of the family sailboat – The Raymoni – he always went full throttle. When he fought, which was often, it was usually a one-sided affair.
"He was a terror," said Leo, another former associate of Doug Ford.
Numerous sources identified Randy Ford as former drug dealer, including one who identified himself as former partner, but he and Doug maintained distinctly separate operations. "Doug, being savvy as he was and as business-minded as he was, knew his brother was just too volatile," said "Justin," the street-level dealer who said he was supplied by Doug Ford.
The eldest Ford sibling, Kathy, has been subjected to media scrutiny over the years, primarily because she has been linked to a number of bizarre, violent and sensational incidents.
Most recently, in January, 2012, her long-time boyfriend, a convicted cocaine and hash dealer named Scott MacIntyre, was charged with threatening to murder the mayor at his Etobicoke home. He eventually pleaded guilty to a lesser offence and was given credit for time served.
(In a brief interview with CBC after the alleged death threat, Doug Ford said: "To be honest with you, I really don't know Scott MacIntyre." Photographs and video taken on the night of the 2010 election show that Mr. MacIntyre was part of the small group of family members celebrating with the new mayor, his wife, Renata, and Doug.)
Ms. Ford's relationship with Mr. MacIntyre is even more perplexing because of an earlier incident: In 2005, he and another man were accused of shooting her in the face during an altercation in her parents' basement. She survived the blast and was rushed to hospital, while Mr. MacIntyre fled in her mother's Jaguar. Crown prosecutors later dropped numerous charges against him, while his co-accused, Michael Patania, pleaded guilty to one count of possession of a handgun.
But even before that, there was gunplay – and it was fatal. Seven years earlier, Ms. Ford's lover was fatally shot by her ex-husband, a drug addict named Ennio Stirpe. At his trial, Mr. Stirpe testified that his victim, Michael Kiklas, was a martial artist, which forced him to bring along the shotgun as "an equalizer."
Not mentioned in the press at the time was the fact that Mr. Kiklas was a white supremacist – a group with which Ms. Ford associated in the 1980s.
Her friends included Gary MacFarlane, a founding member of the short-lived Canadian chapter of the Ku Klux Klan, as well as the late Wolfgang Droege, perhaps the most notorious white supremacist in Canadian history, a former Klansman told The Globe in an interview. Two other former associates of Ms. Ford confirmed her association with known white supremacists.
Among Mr. Droege's numerous criminal endeavours, he also sold cocaine and marijuana, which led to his death in 2005 when he was killed by a customer. Mr. Droege was incarcerated for much of the 1980s in U.S. prisons – both for drug trafficking and for his role in a bizarre plot to overthrow the government of Dominica in the Caribbean.
The former Klansman, who agreed to answer questions by e-mail on condition of anonymity, confirmed that Kathy Ford was close to the movement, but he said he couldn't recall meeting any of the Ford brothers. He described hanging out in the Fords' basement and being snubbed by Doug Sr. when Ms. Ford invited him to a party on the family boat. Her father, the former Klansman said, clearly did not approve of his beliefs, while she was engaging and fun but hardly a committed soldier in the race war.
"Some people are real 'believers' and know all the history, dates, facts etc… Others just join to piss off their parents, or carry out some other act of personal rebellion," he wrote. "Clearly [Kathy] was the latter camp."
It remains unclear how much Mayor Ford was exposed to his siblings' escapades and their issues with illegal drugs. He is considerably younger – Doug, the closest, is five years older. But at least one of Doug's closest and oldest friends has become an official adviser to the mayor's office. Several sources have identified David Price as a former participant in Doug Ford's hashish enterprise.
The morning after the Toronto Star and the U.S. gossip website Gawker alleged that journalists with both organizations had viewed a homemade video of the mayor smoking crack, a throng of reporters waited outside his home. Mr. Ford walked past them, uttered only four words – "these allegations are ridiculous" – and hopped into his SUV.
After driving only a few feet, he pulled to the side of the road and rolled down his window to chat with a man in a sunglasses and a blue shirt, Mr. Price. Moments later, Mr. Price appeared again, this time standing between videographers and Mr. Ford as they tried to film the mayor at the gas station at the end of his street.
Since he arrived at City Hall, the mayor's office has said almost nothing about what Mr. Price, called director of logistics and operations, is there to do. Concerning the hiring of Mr. Price, Doug Ford told Globe and Mail city hall reporter Elizabeth Church that "you can't teach loyalty."
Mr. Price first appeared in the office mere days after The Toronto Star revealed that the mayor had been asked to leave a military benefit gala by Councillor Paul Ainslie allegedly because he appeared intoxicated.
A few months before Mr. Price became a public official, he was approached by a Star reporter covering a football game being played by the high-school team coached by Mr. Ford. The reporter quoted Mr. Price as saying that he had coached the mayor in high school, and ever since he has been described in media reports as Rob Ford's former football coach turned aide.
However, four former dealers who spoke with The Globe described Mr. Price as a participant in Doug Ford's hash business in the 1980s.
Both men attended Scarlett Heights Collegiate Institute, where they played football and hockey. "Michael," a former street-level dealer, said he recalls being approached by a young David Price, who told him that Doug Ford had come into a large supply of hash. "I remember buying a quarter-pound," he said.
"Robert," once a large-scale supplier, called Mr. Price "Dougie's close ally" and described their hash business as "a partnership."
"Justin," a former street dealer, said: "They were two peas in a pod. They were both big, tough boys. It just became a natural thing."
He added: "Doug brought the supply, and Dave brought the demand."
According to Mr. Price's LinkedIn page, which has been taken down since he joined the mayor's office, he was Doug Ford's campaign manager in 2010, and graduated from York University in 1987 with a degree in economics and international relations.
Following that, he worked for decades at State Street Canada, a financial services company that provides investment management for institutional investors, such as pension and mutual funds. One former colleague described him as hard-working, very oriented toward customer service, and extremely opinionated when it came to politics. He left the company in 2011.
Mr. Price did not respond to several requests for comment.
Rob Ford was not a player in the Etobicoke drug trade. Several sources said they saw him around his brothers as they were doing business, but they said he didn't seem to be involved in a significant way.
It is difficult to determine what it was like for him growing up in this environment. His spokesman did not respond to requests for interviews. His closest friends from high school declined interview requests. Generally, it was only people who were on his periphery who agreed to speak.
As a teenager, the future mayor committed to football like it was a religion. He co-captained his junior team at Scarlett Heights Collegiate, which went a dismal 1-5 in the regular season one year, but shocked the league in the playoffs by making it to the championship and upsetting undefeated Etobicoke Collegiate. A yearbook photograph shows that "Robbie" – as he was known then – wore his leather championship jacket for at least three years after that victory.
He once played on Etobicoke's all-star team, a mixed bag of players from different high schools that was assembled in the summer to face off against all-star teams from Toronto's other boroughs.
It was a short and intense two weeks of back-to-back practices, which was necessary to inject cohesion into a mixed bag of young men who didn't know each other. Before each practice, they were told to run a mile. If they completed the run in under six minutes, they didn't have to complete it again for the rest of training camp. But if they failed, they had to keep running it at the start of every practice until they came in under the mark.
After a few days, there was only one person left chugging around the track.
"I remember Rob, who was about the same size as he is now, running this thing every day for like two weeks until he was the only guy running – but still giving it 100 per cent at the beginning of every practice until he finally made it," said Mike Lawler, a former Scarlett Heights coach.
"I just thought it took a lot for a kid to do that and not say 'to hell with it.' "
Another former Scarlett Heights football coach, Art Robinson, described young Rob as a leader, who was regularly the foreman in his shop class. There were even a few occasions, Mr. Robinson said, that Rob alerted him to students smoking pot on school grounds.
He went on to attend Carleton University. where he played football but never left the bench, one former teammate said. He dropped out in 1990, the end of his first year, he has told the online news service Openfile.
After that, he joined the family business, but unlike Doug, who ambitiously worked to grow the company, helping it expand to Chicago, his heart was not in it, several former employees said.
"Robbie just did not have the passion for labels," one long-time employee said. "He did what he had to do because it was the family business, but he did not show true passion until he got into politics."
His first run for public office came when he was 27, a council election that he lost. Undeterred, he became involved in several civic-minded campaigns – including one that targeted drug dealers and buyers.
In 1998, he teamed with his father and Toronto police for an unorthodox project, he later told The Etobicoke Guardian. In what would be the start of his unwavering tough-on-crime platform, he – at the time, 29 and unelected – and Doug Sr. – a backbencher at Queen's Park – travelled to Scarlettwood Courts, an Etobicoke public-housing complex, to rid it of illegal drugs.
"When people would drive through to buy drugs, we'd send the owner of the car a letter. It would tell them not come back to the area," Mr. Ford told the Guardian after he was elected to City Council in 2000. He said his crime-fighting campaign had helped him win the election and promised to take the battle to other low-income neighbourhoods.
But his personal war on drugs was short-lived. The year after their letter-writing campaign, he was arrested in Florida after being pulled over for impaired driving. Police also found a joint in his pocket – an offence not revealed until his 2010 mayoral campaign.
Throughout the reporting of this story, Doug Ford made several phone calls to Globe managers and reporters to complain about the questions being asked.
In November, 2011, he called a reporter in the evening to complain about the newspaper's "yellow" and "gutter" journalism.
"I'm getting calls from people I haven't talked to in 20 years," he said. When asked why he was so upset, he responded that he objected to "the type of questions" being asked.
"This is going to get ugly," he said, explaining that he was too "hot" at that moment to consider setting up a formal sit-down interview.
His call appeared to have been prompted by a brief interview The Globe had conducted that day, when a reporter asked a former associate about the RY Drifters – a group that he said never existed.
"It's like a folk tale," he said.
Greg McArthur is an investigative reporter with The Globe and Mail. Shannon Kari is a freelance journalist in Toronto. They were assisted by staff researcher Stephanie Chambers |||||
Summary: | – If yesterday's carefully worded I-am-not-a-crack-addict news conference made for a bleak day for Toronto Mayor Rob Ford, today isn't much better. The respected Globe and Mail is out with an investigative piece on the mayor's family, including brother Doug, a city councilor. It includes paragraphs like this: "What has emerged is a portrait of a family once deeply immersed in the illegal drug scene. All three of the mayor’s older siblings—brother Randy, 51, and sister Kathy, 52, as well as Doug, 48—have had ties to drug traffickers." Doug, in particular, is portrayed as the go-to guy for hash in the city back in the 1980s. One of his associates reportedly was David Price, who now works in the mayor's office under the vague title of "director of logistics and operations." Kathy Ford, meanwhile, was associated with white supremacists in the 1980s and is linked to a slew of headline-making incidents of the wrong kind. In one, her longtime boyfriend, a convicted drug dealer, was charged with threatening to murder the mayor; he also was once accused, along with another man, of shooting Kathy Ford in the face. While many of the events took place years ago, "as mayor, Rob Ford has surrounded himself with people from his past," says the story. The Globe began working on the piece in 2011—well before the recent allegations emerged about the mayor smoking crack on video. In a letter to readers, the paper's editor writes that it would have been "irresponsible" not to publish the story, given the Ford family's huge sway over the city. "Character matters," writes John Stackhouse. Click for the full piece. | 0 | Flan2021 | multi_news:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Possible review types:
Choices:
i. negative;
ii. positive;.
Generate a ii. review for a place | Justin and staff are very friendly, helpful, and knowledgeable. | 8 | Flan2021 | yelp_polarity_reviews:0.2.0 | zs_opt |
The Sole Survivor receives a cash prize of $1,000,000 prior to taxes and sometimes also receives a car provided by the show's sponsor. Every player receives a prize for participating on Survivor depending on how long he or she lasts in the game. In most seasons, the runner-up receives $100,000, and third place wins $85,000. All other players receive money on a sliding scale, though specific amounts have rarely been made public. Sonja Christopher, the first player voted off of Survivor: Borneo, received $2,500. In Survivor: Fiji, the first season with tied runners-up, the two runners-up received US$100,000 each, and Yau-Man Chan received US$60,000 for his fourth-place finish. All players also receive an additional $10,000 for their appearance on the reunion show.
What's the best answer to this question: is there a second place prize in survivor?
Pick from: (1). no (2). yes...A: | (2). | 4 | Flan2021 | bool_q:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Write the next sentence in this paragraph:
A large group of people are seen standing in a room. A woman walks in front and leads an exercise class. the people
(I). continue speaking to one another and ending by walking out.; (II). move all around the room.; (III). then put on exercise equipment together.; (IV). follow behind the woman dancing and do the same thing she does.; | (IV). | 4 | Flan2021 | hellaswag:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
Select your answer: Which is this about?
Union negotiators today claimed they were close to agreeing a pay deal with British Airways to avoid a bank holiday strike and the resulting travel chaos.
Pick from:
(i). World;
(ii). Sports;
(iii). Business;
(iv). Science/Tech; | (iii). | 5 | Flan2021 | ag_news_subset:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
How is "I'm getting out." said in Czech? | Už jdu... | 6 | Flan2021 | wmt16_translate/cs-en:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
If allowed to persist, CS can lead to cardiac arrest and ultimately death. That's why it's very important to identify the underlying cause and treat accordingly in a timely fashion. The initial goals of medical therapy is to return blood flow to the body. This can done in a number of ways--fluid resuscitation, blood transfusions, vasopressors, and ionotropes. Selection of therapy depends upon again underlying cause and patient's response to therapy. .
Based on the above text, what's the best answer to this question: is cardiogenic shock the same as cardiac arrest?
Select from: 1. no; 2. yes; | 1. | 5 | Flan2021 | bool_q:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Write an article based on this "Choose a clipper attachment. Hold the clippers firmly between your thumb and first two fingers."
Article: | You can use the clippers to trim the back and sides of the head, to tidy up loose bits around the ears, or even to buzz the entire head to a uniform length. Clippers come with blade-guard attachments that determine the length of the hair that gets cut. The longer the attachment, the less hair that gets cut. Many men have a preference on what guard you use, so it’s a good idea to ask him if there’s one that he prefers. Most clipper sets come with six guides. The lower the guide number, the shorter his hair will be: Use a six to keep a little length. Use a three or four for a classic cut. Use a two for a close cut, and a one for a "buzz cut". Your grip should be strong and steady, but comfortable. You don't need to squeeze or do anything fancy with this clippers; you might hurt someone. | 9 | Flan2021 | gem/wiki_lingua_english_en:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
Write an article that answers the following question: How many Mongol prefectures were established due to the rebellion in 1258? | From 1231, Goryeo was intermittently invaded by the Mongol Empire. During this time, Goryeo was controlled by a military regime led by the Choe family. In 1232 the government under the nominal king fled to Ganghwa Island, which Mongol horse riders were unable to land on, and resisted the Mongol invasion. Unfortunately because of its fragile foundation, Goryeo faced frequent rebellions. The 1258 rebellion resulted in the establishment of Ssangseong and Dongnyeong Prefectures by the Mongols. Unlike these rebels, the Sambyeolcho were an organ of the military government. They were organized by the Choe family to maintain security. However, unlike the Choe private guards unit , the Sambyeolcho assumed public functions performed by police and combat forces, effectively replacing the Six Divisions of the military. In 1258, Choe Ui, the fourth of the Choe family, was overthrown by Kim Jun using the Sambyeolcho. Kim Jun took a pro-Mongol policy and sent Crown Prince Wang Jeon to the Mongol Empire. At the same time, King Gojong and the crown prince approached the Mongols to restore power from Kim Jun. In 1268, however, Kim Jun was annihilated by the Sambyeolcho under the order of Im Yeon. The next year, Im Yeon's attempt to replace King Wonjong was reversed by the crown prince with the help from the Mongol force. In 1270, Im Yeon's successor Im Yumu was killed by the pro-Mongol faction using the Sambyeolcho. It marked the end of the military regime. | 7 | Flan2021 | drop:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Data: name = Loch Fyne, eatType = restaurant, food = Italian, priceRange = moderate, familyFriendly = yes. What is a sentence that describe this data? | Kid friendly Loch Fyne restaurant offers moderate priced Italian cuisine. | 2 | Flan2021 | gem/e2e_nlg:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
in this funny shooting game, you are a chicken flying with a shotgun
Capitalize this past sentence correctly. | In this funny shooting game, you are a chicken flying with a shotgun | 3 | Flan2021 | true_case | zs_opt |
All the buttons up the back of Dora 's plaid dress were buttoned outside-in. Maude should have thought to button her up; but no, she had left poor little Dora to do the best *she* could, alone.
Multi-choice question: Do "Dora" and "she" have the same meaning?
Possible answers:
(A). no
(B). yes | (B). | 1 | Flan2021 | super_glue/wsc.fixed:1.0.2 | zs_opt |
News article:
In an announcement on Monday morning, Pfizer, the big drug company, whose headquarters are on East 42nd Street, in Manhattan, said that it is merging with one of its competitors, Allergan PLC. Ian Read, a Scottish-born accountant who is Pfizer’s chairman and chief executive, said that the proposed deal, which is valued at a hundred and sixty billion dollars, would “create a leading global pharmaceutical company with the strength to research, discover and deliver more medicines and therapies to more people around the world.”
On Wall Street and in the world of big pharma, that statement will raise chuckles. It is widely acknowledged that the primary impetus for the deal is a financial one. In merging with Allergan, which is based in Dublin, Pfizer intends to move its corporate residency to Ireland, where the corporate tax rate is just 12.5 per cent, compared to thirty-five per cent for a company of its size in the United States. Over the next few years, the merger could save Pfizer billions of dollars in taxes and deprive the U.S. Treasury of the same amount.
Tax-driven deals of this nature are known as “inversions,” and they are becoming increasingly common. Burger King, Liberty Global, and Medtronic are among the U.S. corporations to have carried out mergers that moved their headquarters abroad. Last year, Treasury Secretary Jacob Lew said that inversions were “wrong,” and that he would try and restrict them. Only last week, the Treasury Department issued some new administrative guidelines in this area. Without actual legislation, though, there isn’t very much the Obama Administration can do to prevent these exercises in corporate tax-dodging, and Republicans on Capitol Hill have displayed little eagerness to coöperate in a crackdown.
The Pfizer–Allergan deal will be the biggest inversion yet, and it is nothing short of a disgrace. Drug companies like Pfizer have long benefitted from taxpayer-funded research carried out under the auspices of organizations like the National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation. Now, Pfizer is seeking to avoid paying the taxes that are due on its profits, particularly profits generated by its overseas subsidiaries. Even though the Obama Administration doesn’t have the legal powers to block the Allergan transaction, it should seek to shame Pfizer and its board of directors into calling it off.
Founded in 1849, in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, by two German cousins, Charles Pfizer and Charles Erhart, Pfizer has a long history of researching and developing new drugs and chemicals. Its first commercial product was an anti-parasitic pill designed to fight intestinal worms, which were a common affliction at the time. In the late nineteenth century, it became a leading manufacturer of citric acid, ascorbic acid, and vitamin pills. During the Second World War, it developed a new way of making penicillin, which was then seen as a miracle drug. After the war, the company established itself as a global leader in antibiotics and other areas of medicine. During the nineteen-seventies and eighties, it invested heavily in R. & D., boosting its research budget to about twenty per cent of its sales. These investments produced a number of blockbuster drugs, including Procardia (angina and hypertension), Glucotrol (diabetes), Feldene (inflammation), Zoloft (depression), and Viagra (erectile dysfunction). In 1999, when Pfizer celebrated its hundred and fiftieth anniversary, it was widely seen as the leading drug company in the world.
Pfizer continues to employ thousands of dedicated scientists and to invest heavily in medical research. Since 2010, though, when Read took over as chief executive, it has cut its R. & D. budget significantly and raised its spending on stock buybacks. Under Read’s leadership, cost-cutting and financial engineering have sometimes seemed to be driving the company’s strategy. To some extent, these kinds of changes were unavoidable. As the pace of discovery for blockbuster new drugs has slowed in recent decades, all of the big pharmaceutical companies have come under pressure to trim their research budgets and pursue more effective ways of developing products, such as teaming up with innovative startups.
So, like many other big American corporations, Pfizer is facing challenges adapting to a changed world. But nothing in its financials or its strategic position suggests that it is facing the sort of threat that might justify the radical and potentially self-destructive move that giving up its U.S. domicile entails. A venerable member of the Fortune 500 now looks for all the world like a greedy tax exile, skipping off to a dodgy foreign locale. (Viewed in terms of its corporate tax policies and the assist it provides to big multinationals seeking to avoid paying taxes in their homelands, Ireland is distinctly dodgy.)
Read, in his statement explaining the proposal to merge with Allergan, said that it would help put Pfizer “on a more competitive footing within our industry.” This was a reference to the fact that other big pharma companies, such as AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, and Novartis, are headquartered in countries with lower corporate tax rates than the United States. However, there is scant evidence that being based in the United States has handicapped Pfizer or made it more difficult for the company to raise capital.
To the contrary, being based in the United States enables Pfizer to exploit the vast reservoirs of technical expertise that reside here, and to access federal support for scientific research. For example, according to the company’s Web site, it has dozens of collaborative projects with the National Institutes for Health. And being headquartered in the United States certainly hasn’t prevented Pfizer from making a lot of money. Over the past two years, the company has generated almost nineteen billion dollars in net profits.
All things considered, it’s hard to avoid seeing the merger proposal as a cynical move designed to boost Pfizer’s stock price and generate a windfall for the company’s senior managers, who are compensated mainly in equity. If the Obama Administration can’t block the deal, the best hope may be to put some public pressure on Pfizer’s non-executive directors, whose approval is necessary for the merger to go through. Its lead independent director is Dennis Ausiello, an eminent physician who, for many years, was chief of medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital. Other non-executives on the Pfizer board include Frances Fergusson, a former president of Vassar College; Helen Hobbs, a professor of medicine at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; W. Don Cornwell, a former chief executive of Granite Broadcasting; and James Kilts, a founding partner at the private equity firm Centerview Capital. These directors are all experienced, worldly individuals. Last year, according to Pfizer’s 2015 proxy statement, they were each paid more than three hundred thousand dollars to carry out their duties, which include overseeing the company’s full-time management and protecting the long-term interests of all of its stakeholders: employees, shareholders, and customers.
One of those key interests, surely, is safeguarding Pfizer’s reputation, which has already suffered in recent years, following a big marketing scandal over the since-discontinued painkiller Bextra and other missteps. Read has for years been telling shareholders in his annual letter to them that “earning greater respect from society” is one of Pfizer’s strategic imperatives. One of the ways the company could do this, he said, was through “acting as a respectable corporate citizen.” So here is a question for the independent directors: Do you really think that traducing Pfizer’s proud history by moving to Dublin and shafting American taxpayers would be the act of a “respectable corporate citizen”? ||||| Pfizer and Allergan’s $160 billion merger is funded, in no small part, by the American taxpayer.
And the usual howls are arising — that the new Pfizer will no more be based in low-tax Ireland (the “administrative headquarters” will be in New York) than my imaginary childhood friend Laura will invent a Pfizer-branded cure for cancer, and that everything from the budget deficit to respect for the rule of law demand that Washington do something about tax-evading deals like this one.
After all, the estimated 17%-18% effective tax rate the merged company will pay in global taxes saves about $1 billion a year on just the Pfizer Inc. PFE, +0.78% side of the business. The U.S. Treasury is leading the government’s effort to rein in inversions through tax rules, but their proposed rule won’t cover this deal, and the effort doesn’t attack the inversion deal makers where it will hurt them most.
What will stop the biggest inversion deals cold is a regulation steering Medicare and Medicaid’s purchases of drugs and medical devices elsewhere. If you want to sell to government plans, your tax residence has to match where the operating headquarters is, among other tests. It’s a small price to pay for that passage in Pfizer’s annual 10-K report noting the U.S. is the only major world government that doesn’t negotiate on prices for drugs it buys.
Read: Pfizer-Allergan tie-up news pushes M&A to record level for 2015
Let’s face it: The tax-inversion problem is concentrated in the drug and medical-device industry, which is responsible for more faux Irishness than anything this side of St. Patrick’s Day and Notre Dame football. Three of the six most valuable companies incorporated in Ireland now are device-maker Medtronic PLC MDT, -0.23% Allergan PLC AGN, +0.28% and drugmaker Perrigo Co. PRGO, -0.34% Along with Alkermes PLC ALKS, -0.67% and Jazz Pharmaceuticals PLC JAZZ, +0.19% which are among the top 20 Irish companies — and, remarkably, are headquartered in the very same Dublin building — all are run from the U.S. This is easy to establish because most of their CEOs have listed home phone numbers here.
There’s not a drug or device company on the planet that can make a go of things without selling into Medicare and Medicaid: Medicare alone buys more than $100 billion of the pharmaceuticals sold in the U.S. each year. While Pfizer doesn’t disclose the percentage of sales it gets from the U.S. government, a look at its list of top drugs tells the story plainly enough: Enbrel (for arthritis), Celebrex (also for arthritis), Lipitor (cholesterol) and Viagra (erectile dysfunction) are in the top six, accounting for about $10 billion of 2014 revenue.
Telling Pfizer to pay taxes or else (for now) would not be any disaster for patients. There are plenty of competitors for Lipitor, which Costco Wholesale Corp. COST, -0.17% sells for as little as $17 a month. No one who watches football is unfamiliar with the bathtub full of Viagra competitors, and Indianapolis-based Eli Lilly & Co. LLY, +0.63% will sell Medicare enough Cialis to, well, write your own naughty jokes. As for Allergan, its top products are Botox, whose biggest uses are cosmetic, and Restasis, which treats dry eyes at a cost 25 times higher than over-the-counter remedies that critics say are just as effective.
To be sure, this form of highly lawyered tax evasion is mostly specific to one already subsidized industry. The public benefit in New Jersey-based Michael Pearson pretending to run Valeant Pharmaceuticals International Inc. VRX, +0.52% from Quebec, to pay lower taxes on profits generated by Valeant’s $8,900 remedy for toenail fungus, is fairly minimal. Ditto for letting Parsippany, N.J.-based Allergan, whose CEO is in the phone book in nearby Far Hills, pretend to be Irish so it can pay less tax on profits from Restasis and wrinkle-fighting.
This move would be a holding action for longer-term talks about whether companies are right about U.S. corporate tax rates being too high. Pfizer’s 25% tax rate is actually higher than the 20% that Paris-based Sanofi paid last year, or the 12.6% Novartis paid.
It is also true that some bona-fide European drugmakers that pay lower taxes spend more on research than many (not all) American pharmaceutical companies. Pfizer CEO Ian Read’s point for a long time now has said U.S. tax rates hamper our drugmakers’ ability to compete, and he’s got an argument.
But that negotiation would require some time, and an election, to conduct intelligently, and you don’t have to be Donald Trump to know taxpayers’ representatives can’t bargain effectively if they let half of U.S. pharma and device companies turn faux-Irish now.
So the right thing for a lame-duck President Obama to do is issue rules preserving the status quo for his successor. If Restasis’ owners pay more taxes for a year or two, there won’t be a wet eye in the house.
Tim Mullaney writes about economics for MarketWatch. |||||
What is a shorter version of the above article? | – Pfizer insists that its decision to leave the US for Ireland as part of a mega-merger is for the greater good, and will actually help the US in the long run. Others have a decidedly different view. The deal with Allergan "is nothing short of a disgrace," writes John Cassidy in the New Yorker. No matter what Pfizer says, this move was dictated purely by a desire to save money in a tax dodge known as an inversion. What makes this particularly galling to Cassidy is that Pfizer has happily benefited over the years from research funded by US taxpayers under the National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation. "Now, Pfizer is seeking to avoid paying the taxes that are due on its profits," he writes. So what can the US do? Efforts to curb inversions are hopelessly stalled, and the Obama administration can't legally block the move. Still, "it should seek to shame Pfizer and its board of directors into calling it off," writes Cassidy, because this is not how a supposedly "respectable corporate citizen" is supposed to act. At MarketWatch, however, Tim Mullaney suggests that US might have a stronger weapon than shame: The US should consider a "regulation steering Medicare and Medicaid’s purchases of drugs and medical devices elsewhere." After all, why should a foreign company get such contracts? If Pfizer is so interested in bottom line, that's where retaliation should be focused. Click for Mullaney's full post, or for Cassidy's full post. | 5 | Flan2021 | multi_news:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Answer the questions at the end based on the text.
The First Nations () are the predominant Aboriginal peoples of Canada south of the Arctic. Those in the Arctic area are distinct and known as Inuit. The Métis, another distinct ethnicity, developed after European contact and relations primarily between First Nations people and Europeans. There are currently 634 recognized First Nations governments or bands spread across Canada, roughly half of which are in the provinces of Ontario and British Columbia.
Under the Employment Equity Act, First Nations are a "designated group", along with women, visible minorities, and people with physical or mental disabilities. First Nations are not defined as a visible minority under the Act or by the criteria of Statistics Canada.
North American indigenous peoples have cultures spanning thousands of years. Some of their oral traditions accurately describe historical events, such as the Cascadia earthquake of 1700 and the 18th century Tseax Cone eruption. Written records began with the arrival of European explorers and colonists during the Age of Discovery, beginning in the late 15th century. European accounts by trappers, traders, explorers, and missionaries give important evidence of early contact culture. In addition, archeological and anthropological research, as well as linguistics, have helped scholars piece together understanding of ancient cultures and historic peoples.
1. how many First Nations governments are there in Canada?
2. what was accurately described by indigenous peoples oral tradition?
3. what is one of those events?
4. when did that happen?
5. is there another example?
6. what is it?
7. when did the age of discovery begin?
8. are First Nations a "designated group"?
9. according to what?
10. are they considered a visible minority?
11. even in Statistics of Canada?
12. what are people from the Arctic area known as?
13. how are First Nations people different than them?
14. what other distinct group is mentioned?
15. when did they develop?
Numbered answers: | 1. 634
2. historical events
3. the Cascadia earthquake
4. 1700
5. yes
6. Tseax Cone eruption.
7. late 15th century
8. yes
9. Employment Equity Act
10. no
11. not even by them
12. Inuit
13. The First Nations are the predominant Aboriginal and are in the south of the Arctic
14. Métis,
15. after European contact and relations primarily between First Nations people and Europeans. | 2 | Flan2021 | coqa:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Multi-select: Knowing that "snow falls during the winter in the arctic environment", how would one answer "Rabbits with white fur are hardest to detect in"
- a forest in Spring
- The middle of a well-lit street
- Mexico in the Winter
- the arctic in Winter...A: | the arctic in Winter | 3 | Flan2021 | openbookqa:0.1.0 | zs_opt |
Context: Kelly and her friends decided to go to Indian for lunch. They were the first ones inside the restaurant. It was a buffet so they got what they wanted. The girls loved the food.
Now do a next sentence writing task.
Available choices:
[1]. They vowed never to return.
[2]. They returned many times. | [2]. | 4 | Flan2021 | story_cloze/2016:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Question: Conjugation in a paramecium differs from sexual reproduction in volvox because conjugation
Choose from: a. results in two genetically identical cells. b. requires specialized gonidia cells. c. forms haploid male and female gametes. d. takes place between specialized cells.
Answer: | a. | 1 | Flan2021 | ai2_arc/ARC-Easy:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
In all my years of film-going, only once have I walked out on a film, and that was the dreadful "Stay Tuned." Fortunately, the cinema refunded the ticket and I went to see "Buffy the Vampire Slayer" instead (a minor improvement). That film is "Gone With the Wind" compared to "Dick," a comedy so unfunny that it nearly became the second film I ever walked out of. "Dick" was so unfunny it was even impossible to laugh AT it, let alone laugh with it.
Granted, paying to see a movie with a title like "Dick" suggests that it will be filled with inane "dick" jokes and wind up a huge letdown, and yet I had high hopes because of the notable cast (Daniel Hedaya, Bruce McCullough, Dave Foley, Kristen Dunst, etc., etc.) and a premise that at least promised something fresh. What the film delivered was, as portended, four woefully predictable "dick" jokes, comic timing suffering from jetlag, and a premise that wore thin after the first five minutes. In short, it was the Watergate scene from "Forrest Gump" stretched--nay, laid on a rack and mangled--over 90+ excruciating minutes.
As soon as you understand that the two main characters--airless, insipid squealers who gasp and roll eyeballs incessantly--will participate in every major Watergate event, you begin to mentally check off the plot as it progresses: 18 and a half minutes erased from the Nixon tapes, CHECK; the Deep Throat meetings with Woodward and Bernstein, CHECK; John Dean getting a change of heart and testifying, CHECK. The process drags out more languidly and about as engaging as the real Watergate affair with about as much laugh-getting to boot. And though it posits to be an amusing re-deconstruction of the events leading to President Nixon's resignation, it turns into a paint-by-the-numbers, choose-your-own-adventure, fill-in-the-blanks comedy that says very little and entertains even less.
Even the film's strong point--the aforementioned cast--is bewilderingly unproductive here. The most disappointing of all is Harry Shearer as G. Gordon Liddy. Trapped as he is behind the thick Liddy moustache and strait-jacketed in this numbingly morose screenplay, Shearer mumbles a few lines, tries desperately to leer from behind the prosthetic nose and eyebrows, then disappears. Dave Foley, one of the comic masterminds from Kids in the Hall (two others, Bruce McCullough and Mark McKinney also appear in this film--ah, the blessings of nepotism) fares badly as well. His H.R. Haldeman occasionally lends a much-need lightening of the funeral plot, but the funniest thing about him is the buzz-cut he sports--perhaps the films funniest bit of all. And then there's Daniel Hedaya as Richard Nixon--oops, I mean "Dick." (Ha ha how amusingly funny.) He manages to play a solid Nixon, avoiding the pitfalls (such as overdone make up, rubbery nose and false teeth a la Anthony Hopkins) while preserving the essence (the vacillations between human tenderness and coarseness). I seem to be forgetting someone . . . oh yes, the two stars of the film, those over-bubbly teenagers. Can't remember their names, perhaps because I have repressed their performances. Nothing could be farther from funny; nothing could be more painful than having to endure their deliverly that ran the gamut of "hyperactive" and "super-hyperactive" with an occasional "pouty" tossed in.
This film seemed to be a bad excuse to string together a 70s soundtrack and parade outrageous period clothing, both of which seem to be the norm these days for films and TV shows set in the "Me Decade." But the clothes and the music wind up being an ersatz substitute for true characterization and plot, a kind of extra-plot shorthand that the producers hope will compensate for anemic writing.
The only possible use for this film is years down the road when any one of its talented cast appears on David Letterman or Conan O'Brien. This dreadful cinematic excretion will be dragged out to embarrass and hopefully humble the stunned guest star. The sad thing is that the real bad guys in all this--the writers and producers--will be far from the cameras gaze, possibly cooking up another disaster such as this.
Is the sentiment of this review positive or negative?
Select from: 1. negative 2. positive | 1. | 3 | Flan2021 | imdb_reviews/plain_text:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
ABA routing transit number
An ABA routing transit number (ABA RTN) is a nine-digit code, used in the United States, which appears on the bottom of negotiable instruments such as checks to identify the financial institution on which it was drawn. The ABA RTN was originally designed to facilitate the sorting, bundling, and shipment of paper checks back to the drawer's (check writer's) account. As new payment methods were developed (ACH and Wire), the system was expanded to accommodate these payment methods.
Select from:
-- no;
-- yes;
Is this statement correct "is a aba number the same as a routing number"? | yes | 8 | Flan2021 | bool_q:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Choose your answer: Who is they in the following sentence?
Parents send their children to bed, and they have to listen to authority since they are dependents.
OPTIONS:
[1]. Parents
[2]. their children | [2]. | 5 | Flan2021 | definite_pronoun_resolution:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
Multi-choice problem: Which entity is he this sentence?
Tiger Woods dropped Randy as his caddy, but he does not agree with his decision.
OPTIONS:
(a). Tiger Woods;
(b). Randy; | (b). | 6 | Flan2021 | definite_pronoun_resolution:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
Complete text: `` they must become members of the tribe , if they will have us , '' said johnny . `` that was of course my intent when i brought them all here . '' `` dooley has special powers and is already one of the tribe , so in principle at least his father may become one of us , '' agreed summer buck . `` but there is in principle only one way for elizabeth winters to join the | tribe | 8 | Flan2021 | lambada:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Write an article with the title: "Five Stars for Amazon Product Reviews by 'Breaking Bad' Characters"
Article: |
What's Heisenberg without his black hat? Or Jesse Pinkman without a robot vacuum? And don't even try to imagine Hank without his minerals (not rocks, Marie).
Vince Gilligan created an addictive television masterpiece by crafting characters known for their deep transformations and dark struggles. But the Breaking Bad crew is also known for the products that shaped them.
What if the characters from Breaking Bad actually felt compelled to share unfiltered thoughts about their trademark products with the Internet?
Stock your cart with not-so-real Amazon reviews by your favorite Albuquerque residents. And add your own Breaking Bad-inspired product reviews in the comments.
BONUS: Jesse Pinkman's Car Cruises NYC Handing Out Free Blue Stuff
BONUS: Jesse Pinkman's Car Cruises NYC Handing Out Free Blue Stuff | 7 | Flan2021 | newsroom:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Multi-select problem: How does the next paragraph end?
How to apply day of the dead makeup
Wash, moisturize, and prime your face.
Use whatever cleanser you normally use, or simply use soap and water. A clean and oil-free face is best to ensure the makeup application goes smoothly.
Select from the following. *If you would like a more expensive makeup kit, try using a natural cleanser and products like jojoba oil, which provide added moisturizer. Make sure that you scrub thoroughly to get rid of all the dead skin.; *Use face water as another cleanser. If you use a dry face, moisturize your skin again before applying more day of the dead makeup.; *Exfoliate your face if you have sensitive skin. If you have someone's face make sure to be gentle when exfoliating.; *Next, apply moisturizer because large amounts of makeup can dry out your skin. Lastly, apply a makeup primer to smooth out your features and help the makeup apply more smoothly and come off more easily.; | Next, apply moisturizer because large amounts of makeup can dry out your skin. Lastly, apply a makeup primer to smooth out your features and help the makeup apply more smoothly and come off more easily. | 5 | Flan2021 | hellaswag:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
qe: electrical panel lock type with st. steel screw and washer.
Write the above sentence using proper case. | QE: electrical panel lock type with st. steel screw and washer. | 1 | Flan2021 | true_case | zs_opt |
Translate the following sentence to French:
These unidentified creeks are mentioned in document PR3.3.1, p.
| Ces ruisseaux sans nom sont mentionnés dans le document PR3.3.1, p. | 5 | Flan2021 | wmt14_translate/fr-en:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
29 You shall make its dishes its spoons its ladles and its bowls to pour out offerings with You shall make them of pure gold
Please fix the punctuation. | 29 You shall make its dishes, its spoons, its ladles, and its bowls to pour out offerings with. You shall make them of pure gold. | 3 | Flan2021 | fix_punct | zs_opt |
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