Update dataset card: Add paper, project page, code links, and update citation
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license: mit
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tags:
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- physics
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- fluid-dynamics
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- navier-stokes
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- pde
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- scientific-computing
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- neural-operators
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- foundation-models
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- difficulty-transfer
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---
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license: mit
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size_categories:
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- 100K<n<1M
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task_categories:
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- other
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pretty_name: PreGen Navier-Stokes 2D Dataset
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tags:
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- physics
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- fluid-dynamics
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- navier-stokes
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- pde
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- scientific-computing
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- neural-operators
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- foundation-models
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- difficulty-transfer
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- reynolds-number
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- openfoam
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language:
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- en
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---
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# PreGen Navier-Stokes 2D Dataset
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[Paper](https://huggingface.co/papers/2512.00564) | [Project Page](https://naman-choudhary-ai-ml.github.io/pde-difficulty-transfer/) | [Code](https://github.com/Naman-Choudhary-AI-ML/pregenerating-pde)
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## Dataset Description
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This dataset accompanies the research paper **[Pre-Generating Multi-Difficulty PDE Data For Few-Shot Neural PDE Solvers](https://huggingface.co/papers/2512.00564)** (under review at ICLR 2026). It contains systematically generated 2D incompressible Navier-Stokes fluid flow simulations designed to study **difficulty transfer** in neural PDE solvers.
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The key insight: by pre-generating many low and medium difficulty examples and including them with a small number of hard examples, neural PDE solvers can learn high-difficulty physics from far fewer samples.
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### Dataset Summary
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- **Format:** NumPy arrays (.npy files)
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- **Number of Files:** 9
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- **Simulations per file:** 6,400 trajectories
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- **Timesteps:** 20 per trajectory
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- **Spatial Resolution:** 128 × 128 grid
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- **Solver:** OpenFOAM (icoFoam)
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- **Domain:** 2D Incompressible Navier-Stokes equations
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## Difficulty Axes
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The dataset systematically varies complexity along three axes:
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### 1. **Geometry Axis** (Number of Obstacles)
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Simulations in flow-past-object (FPO) configuration with varying obstacle complexity:
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- **Easy:** No obstacles (open channel flow)
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- **Medium:** Single square obstacle
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- **Hard:** 2-10 randomly placed square obstacles
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**Files:**
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- `Geometry_Axis/FPO_Geometry_Easy_NoObstacle.npy` (47 GB)
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- `Geometry_Axis/FPO_Geometry_Medium_SingleObstacle.npy` (47 GB)
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- `Geometry_Axis/FPO_Geometry_Hard_MultiObstacle.npy` (47 GB)
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### 2. **Physics Axis** (Reynolds Number)
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Simulations with varying flow complexity via Reynolds number:
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**Multi-Obstacle Flows:**
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- **Easy:** Re ∈ [100, 1000] - laminar regime
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- **Medium:** Re ∈ [2000, 4000] - transitional regime
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- **Hard:** Re ∈ [8000, 10000] - turbulent regime
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**Files:**
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- `Physics_Axis/MultiObstacle/FPO_Physics_MultiObstacle_Easy_Re100-1000.npy` (47 GB)
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- `Physics_Axis/MultiObstacle/FPO_Physics_MultiObstacle_Medium_Re2000-4000.npy` (47 GB)
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- `Physics_Axis/MultiObstacle/FPO_Physics_MultiObstacle_Hard_Re8000-10000.npy` (47 GB)
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**No-Obstacle Flows:**
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- `Physics_Axis/NoObstacle/FPO_Physics_NoObstacle_Easy_Re100-1000.npy` (47 GB)
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### 3. **Combined Axis** (Geometry + Physics)
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Combined variations in both geometry and Reynolds number:
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- **Easy:** No obstacles + low Re ([100, 1000])
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- **Medium:** Single obstacle + medium Re ([2000, 4000])
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- **Hard:** Multiple obstacles + high Re ([8000, 10000])
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**File:**
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- `Combined_Axis/FPO_Combined_Medium_SingleObstacle_MedRe.npy` (47 GB)
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### 4. **Special Configuration**
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- `Special/FPO_Cylinder_Hole_Location_6284.npy` (47 GB) - Cylinder with hole at specific location
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## Data Format
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Each `.npy` file contains a NumPy array with shape: `(6400, 20, 128, 128, 6)`
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**Dimensions:**
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- **6400**: Number of simulation trajectories
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- **20**: Timesteps per trajectory
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- **128 × 128**: Spatial grid resolution
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- **6**: Channels (features)
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**Channels (in order):**
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1. **u** - Horizontal velocity component (m/s)
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2. **v** - Vertical velocity component (m/s)
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3. **p** - Kinematic pressure (m²/s²)
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4. **Re_normalized** - Normalized Reynolds number
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5. **Binary mask** - Geometry encoding (1 = obstacle, 0 = fluid)
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6. **SDF** - Signed distance field to nearest obstacle boundary
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## Usage
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```python
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import numpy as np
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from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download
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# Download a specific difficulty level
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file_path = hf_hub_download(
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repo_id="sage-lab/PreGen-NavierStokes-2D",
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filename="Geometry_Axis/FPO_Geometry_Easy_NoObstacle.npy",
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repo_type="dataset"
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)
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# Load the data
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data = np.load(file_path)
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print(f"Data shape: {data.shape}") # (6400, 20, 128, 128, 6)
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# Extract individual trajectories
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trajectory_0 = data[0] # Shape: (20, 128, 128, 6)
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# Extract velocity and pressure
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u = trajectory_0[:, :, :, 0] # Horizontal velocity
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v = trajectory_0[:, :, :, 1] # Vertical velocity
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p = trajectory_0[:, :, :, 2] # Pressure
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mask = trajectory_0[:, :, :, 4] # Binary geometry mask
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sdf = trajectory_0[:, :, :, 5] # Signed distance field
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```
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## Citation
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If you use this dataset, please cite:
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```bibtex
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@article{pregen2025,
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title={Pre-Generating Multi-Difficulty PDE Data For Few-Shot Neural PDE Solvers},
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author={Choudhary, Naman and Singh, Vedant and Talwalkar, Ameet and Boffi, Nicholas Matthew and Khodak, Mikhail and Marwah, Tanya},
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journal={arXiv preprint},
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year={2025},
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url={https://huggingface.co/papers/2512.00564}
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}
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```
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## License
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MIT License
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---
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**Dataset Version:** 1.0
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**Last Updated:** 2024
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**Status:** Research dataset under peer review
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