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## Beta Requirements To reach "beta" [grade][deprecation-policy] kind needs to at minimum: - [x] Improve documentation (Though this will eternally be "In Progress" !) - [X] create a documentation site - [#268] - [x] expand examples of using kind (We can always use more, but we have more of this now) - [x] cover known i... | https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/blob/main/site/content/docs/contributing/1.0-roadmap.md | main | kubernetes-kind | [
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for rough-priority in the [GitHub issues]. [kind-conformance-dashboard]: https://testgrid.k8s.io/conformance-kind [version-skew-policy]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/release/version-skew-policy/ [deprecation-policy]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/using-api/deprecation-policy/ [certified]: https://github.com/... | https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/blob/main/site/content/docs/contributing/1.0-roadmap.md | main | kubernetes-kind | [
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## Overview KIND provides various utilities for development wrapped in `make`. Most scripts require more or less only `make` + `bash` on the host, and generally stick to POSIX utilities. Some scripts use `docker` e.g. for image building or to use docker images containing special tools. This guide will introduce you to ... | https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/blob/main/site/content/docs/contributing/development.md | main | kubernetes-kind | [
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our shell scripts (invoked via docker so you don't need to install it) - you can run just this one with `make shellcheck` ## Documentation Our docs are built with [hugo] just like [kubernetes.io](https://kubernetes.io). We provide a Makefile for development that automatically manages a go toolchain and uses that to bui... | https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/blob/main/site/content/docs/contributing/development.md | main | kubernetes-kind | [
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## Using KIND in CI The [kind-ci/examples] project is a work-in-progress project to give working examples of using KIND in various continuous integration environments / platforms. ## Tutorials and Guides Here are a useful external guides / tutorials covering things not yet covered in our docs: ### How to use KIND with ... | https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/blob/main/site/content/docs/user/resources.md | main | kubernetes-kind | [
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## Installing Cloud Provider KIND Cloud Provider KIND can be installed using golang {{< codeFromInline lang="bash" >}} go install sigs.k8s.io/cloud-provider-kind@latest {{< /codeFromInline >}} or downloading one of the [released binaries](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cloud-provider-kind/releases). Cloud Provider ... | https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/blob/main/site/content/docs/user/loadbalancer.md | main | kubernetes-kind | [
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## Create A Cluster And Registry The following shell script will create a local docker registry and a kind cluster with it enabled. {{< codeFromFile file="static/examples/kind-with-registry.sh" >}} ## Using The Registry The registry can be used like this. 1. First we'll pull an image `docker pull gcr.io/google-samples/... | https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/blob/main/site/content/docs/user/local-registry.md | main | kubernetes-kind | [
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## Installation > \*\*NOTE\*\*: `kind` does not require [`kubectl`](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/overview/), > but you will not be able to perform some of the examples in our docs without it. > To install `kubectl` see the upstream [kubectl installation docs](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/insta... | https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/blob/main/site/content/docs/user/quick-start.md | main | kubernetes-kind | [
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The `kind` maintainers are not involved in the creation > of these packages, and the upstream community makes no claims on the validity, safety, or content of them. On macOS via Homebrew: {{< codeFromInline lang="bash" >}} brew install kind {{< /codeFromInline >}} On macOS via MacPorts: {{< codeFromInline lang="bash" >... | https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/blob/main/site/content/docs/user/quick-start.md | main | kubernetes-kind | [
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no merging takes place. To see all the clusters you have created, you can use the `get clusters` command. For example, let's say you create two clusters: ``` kind create cluster # Default cluster context name is `kind`. ... kind create cluster --name kind-2 ``` When you list your kind clusters, you will see something l... | https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/blob/main/site/content/docs/user/quick-start.md | main | kubernetes-kind | [
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pick up the official tar-gzipped files: ``` kind build node-image v1.30.0 ``` If you prefer to use existing tar-gzipped files like the ones from the kubernetes release, you can specify those as well from a URL or local directory, for example: ``` kind build node-image https://dl.k8s.io/v1.30.0/kubernetes-server-linux-a... | https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/blob/main/site/content/docs/user/quick-start.md | main | kubernetes-kind | [
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- role: control-plane image: kindest/node:v1.16.4@sha256:b91a2c2317a000f3a783489dfb755064177dbc3a0b2f4147d50f04825d016f55 - role: worker image: kindest/node:v1.16.4@sha256:b91a2c2317a000f3a783489dfb755064177dbc3a0b2f4147d50f04825d016f55 ``` ### Enable Feature Gates in Your Cluster Feature gates are a set of key=value p... | https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/blob/main/site/content/docs/user/quick-start.md | main | kubernetes-kind | [
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## Contents \* [Troubleshooting Kind](#troubleshooting-kind) \* [Kubectl Version Skew](#kubectl-version-skew) (Kubernetes limits supported version skew) \* [Docker Installed With Snap](#docker-installed-with-snap) (snap filesystem restrictions problematic) \* [Failure to Build Node Image](#failure-to-build-node-image) ... | https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/blob/main/site/content/docs/user/known-issues.md | main | kubernetes-kind | [
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Failed to build Kubernetes: failed to build images: exit status 2 Error: error building node image: failed to build kubernetes: failed to build images: exit status 2 Usage: kind build node-image [flags] Flags: --base-image string name:tag of the base image to use for the build (default "kindest/base:v20181203-d055041")... | https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/blob/main/site/content/docs/user/known-issues.md | main | kubernetes-kind | [
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indicates that your `~/.docker/` directory was created with incorrect permissions due to the `sudo` commands. ```txt WARNING: Error loading config file: /home/user/.docker/config.json open /home/user/.docker/config.json: permission denied ``` To fix this problem, either follow the docker's docs [manage docker as a non ... | https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/blob/main/site/content/docs/user/known-issues.md | main | kubernetes-kind | [
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/ "stat failed on /dev/..." On some systems, creating a cluster times out with these errors in kubelet.log (device varies): ```txt stat failed on /dev/nvme0n1p3 with error: no such file or directory "Failed to start ContainerManager" err="failed to get rootfs info: failed to get device for dir \"/var/lib/kubelet\": cou... | https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/blob/main/site/content/docs/user/known-issues.md | main | kubernetes-kind | [
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KIND in these environments will require upgrading your OS to a more recent version that supports cgroup namespaces. Another option is to run a virtual machine using a newer kernel. ## Failure to Create Cluster on WSL2 Some Linux kernel options for WSL2 do not have cgroup configured in a way that KIND and other Linux-fo... | https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/blob/main/site/content/docs/user/known-issues.md | main | kubernetes-kind | [
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## Overview Kubernetes auditing provides a security-relevant, chronological set of records documenting the sequence of actions in a cluster. Auditing requires a file to define the [audit policy] and a backend configuration to store the logged events. Auditing supports two types of backends: log (file) & webhook. The fo... | https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/blob/main/site/content/docs/user/auditing.md | main | kubernetes-kind | [
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## Getting Started To configure kind cluster creation, you will need to create a [YAML] config file. This file follows Kubernetes conventions for versioning etc. A minimal valid config is: ```yaml kind: Cluster apiVersion: kind.x-k8s.io/v1alpha4 ``` This config merely specifies that we are configuring a KIND cluster (`... | https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/blob/main/site/content/docs/user/configuration.md | main | kubernetes-kind | [
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kind.x-k8s.io/v1alpha4 networking: ipFamily: ipv6 {{< /codeFromInline >}} ##### Dual Stack clusters You can run dual stack clusters using `kind` 0.11+, on kubernetes versions 1.20+. {{< codeFromInline lang="yaml" >}} kind: Cluster apiVersion: kind.x-k8s.io/v1alpha4 networking: ipFamily: dual {{< /codeFromInline >}} ###... | https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/blob/main/site/content/docs/user/configuration.md | main | kubernetes-kind | [
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are available for setting on each entry in `nodes`. NOTE: not all options are documented yet! We will fix this with time, PRs welcome! ### Kubernetes Version You can set a specific Kubernetes version by setting the `node`'s container image. You can find available image tags on the [releases page](https://github.com/kub... | https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/blob/main/site/content/docs/user/configuration.md | main | kubernetes-kind | [
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kind: Cluster apiVersion: kind.x-k8s.io/v1alpha4 nodes: - role: control-plane kubeadmConfigPatches: - | kind: InitConfiguration nodeRegistration: kubeletExtraArgs: node-labels: "my-label=true" {{< /codeFromInline >}} If you want to do more customization, there are four configuration types available during `kubeadm init... | https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/blob/main/site/content/docs/user/configuration.md | main | kubernetes-kind | [
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## Use ImagePullSecrets Kubernetes supports configuring pods to use `imagePullSecrets` for pulling images. If possible, this is the preferable and most portable route. See [the upstream kubernetes docs for this][imagePullSecrets], kind does not require any special handling to use this. If you already have the config fi... | https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/blob/main/site/content/docs/user/private-registries.md | main | kubernetes-kind | [
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Starting with kind 0.11.0, [Rootless Docker](https://docs.docker.com/go/rootless/), [Rootless Podman](https://github.com/containers/podman/blob/master/docs/tutorials/rootless\_tutorial.md) and [Rootless nerdctl](https://github.com/containerd/nerdctl/blob/main/docs/rootless.md) can be used as the node provider of kind. ... | https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/blob/main/site/content/docs/user/rootless.md | main | kubernetes-kind | [
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PID limit, do the following: 1. If using podman, edit your `containers.conf` file (generally located in `/etc/containers/containers.conf` or `~/.config/containers/containers.conf`) to increase the PIDs limit to a desired value (default 4096 on most systems): ```ini [containers] pids\_limit = 65536 ``` 2. Re-recreate th... | https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/blob/main/site/content/docs/user/rootless.md | main | kubernetes-kind | [
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v1" ``` This failure can have many different root causes, but if it looks like the node container has initialized, it may be caused by an architectural issue with rootless Podman's log handling. kind monitors cluster startup by tailing `podman logs`, but in rootless mode, by default Podman uses a userspace log relay th... | https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/blob/main/site/content/docs/user/rootless.md | main | kubernetes-kind | [
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## Getting Windows 10 or 11 Download the latest ISO at https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/software-download/. Choose the latest Windows 10 or Windows 11 release. ### Installing on a virtual machine Required Settings - Supported processor and operating system, see [Enable Nested Virtualization](https://learn.microsoft.com/... | https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/blob/main/site/content/docs/user/using-wsl2.md | main | kubernetes-kind | [
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0.02053428441286087,
-0.04922448843717575,
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0.022698378190398216,
-0.06631156802177429,
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0.006183886434882879,
0.03197993338108063,
0.01986902579665184,
-0.07971015572547913,
0.024584... | 0.096149 |
with Session Affinity If you want to create a Kubernetes Service with `sessionAffinity: ClientIP` it will not be accessible (and neither will any Service created afterwards). WSL2 kernel is missing `xt\_recent` kernel module, which is used by Kube Proxy to implement session affinity. You need to compile a custom kernel... | https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/blob/main/site/content/docs/user/using-wsl2.md | main | kubernetes-kind | [
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0.... | -0.002818 |
## Using a pre-built [node image][node image] KIND provides some pre-built images, these images contain everything necessary to create a cluster and can be used in an offline environment. You can find available image tags on the [releases page][releases page]. Please include the `@sha256:` [image digest][image digest] ... | https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/blob/main/site/content/docs/user/working-offline.md | main | kubernetes-kind | [
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EOF | kind create cluster --config=- kind: Cluster apiVersion: kind.x-k8s.io/v1alpha4 # 3 control plane node and 1 workers nodes: - role: control-plane - role: control-plane - role: control-plane - role: worker EOF ``` Note that in an offline environment, in addition to preparing the node image, you also need to prepar... | https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/blob/main/site/content/docs/user/working-offline.md | main | kubernetes-kind | [
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## Compatibility： This guide applies to [cloud-provider-kind](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cloud-provider-kind) v0.9.0+. For older versions, refer to historical docs. ## Setting Up Ingress Ingress exposes HTTP and HTTPS routes from outside the cluster to services within the cluster. Since cloud-provider-kind v0.9... | https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/blob/main/site/content/docs/user/ingress.md | main | kubernetes-kind | [
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# The ingress-nginx kubectl plugin ## Installation Install [krew](https://github.com/GoogleContainerTools/krew), then run ```console kubectl krew install ingress-nginx ``` to install the plugin. Then run ```console kubectl ingress-nginx --help ``` to make sure the plugin is properly installed and to get a list of comma... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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false, "endpoints": [ { "address": "10.1.3.86", "port": "5678" } ], "sessionAffinityConfig": { "name": "", "cookieSessionAffinity": { "name": "" } }, "upstreamHashByConfig": { "upstream-hash-by-subset-size": 3 }, "noServer": false, "trafficShapingPolicy": { "weight": 0, "header": "", "headerValue": "", "cookie": "" } }... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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namespace2/ingress-nginx-controller - Uses removed config flag --enable-dynamic-certificates Lint added for version 0.24.0 https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/issues/3808 ``` ### logs `kubectl ingress-nginx logs` is almost the same as `kubectl logs`, with fewer flags. It will automatically choose an `ingress-ng... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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0.02... | 0.095972 |
# Troubleshooting ## Ingress-Controller Logs and Events There are many ways to troubleshoot the ingress-controller. The following are basic troubleshooting methods to obtain more information. ### Check the Ingress Resource Events ```console $ kubectl get ing -n NAME HOSTS ADDRESS PORTS AGE cafe-ingress cafe.com 10.0.2.... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
-0.003992928192019463,
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0.... | 0.122743 |
to `~/.kube/config` which is used by kubectl to connect to the API server. See 'kubeconfig' section for details. \* \_Using the flag `--apiserver-host`:\_ Using this flag `--apiserver-host=http://localhost:8080` it is possible to specify an unsecured API server or reach a remote kubernetes cluster using [kubectl proxy]... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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GDB with Nginx [Gdb](https://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/) can be used to with nginx to perform a configuration dump. This allows us to see which configuration is being used, as well as older configurations. Note: The below is based on the nginx [documentation](https://docs.nginx.com/nginx/admin-guide/monitoring/debugging... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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container registry services. c. \*.appspot.com -> This a Google domain. part of the domain used for GCR. ## Unable to listen on port (80/443) One possible reason for this error is lack of permission to bind to the port. Ports 80, 443, and any other port < 1024 are Linux privileged ports which historically could only be... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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the port or if it passed that and moved on to other expected errors due to running out of context. Install the libcap package and check capabilities on the file: ```console $ apk add libcap (1/1) Installing libcap (2.50-r0) Executing busybox-1.33.1-r7.trigger OK: 26 MiB in 41 packages $ getcap /nginx-ingress-controller... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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-... | 0.041551 |
# How it works The objective of this document is to explain how the Ingress-NGINX controller works, in particular how the NGINX model is built and why we need one. ## NGINX configuration The goal of this Ingress controller is the assembly of a configuration file (nginx.conf). The main implication of this requirement is... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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- If more than one Ingress contains a TLS section for the same host, the oldest rule wins. - If multiple Ingresses define an annotation that affects the configuration of the Server block, the oldest rule wins. - Create a list of NGINX Servers (per hostname) - Create a list of NGINX Upstreams - If multiple Ingresses def... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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# e2e test suite for [Ingress NGINX Controller](https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/tree/main/) ### [[Admission] admission controller](https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/tree/main//test/e2e/admission/admission.go#L39) - [should not allow REALLY large ingresses](https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-ngi... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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0.0... | 0.088233 |
by default](https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/tree/main//test/e2e/annotations/auth.go#L420) - [user does not retain cookie if upstream returns error status code](https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/tree/main//test/e2e/annotations/auth.go#L431) - [user with annotated ingress retains cookie if upstream ... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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0.01... | 0.093651 |
canary if canary weight is 100 and weight total is 200](https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/tree/main//test/e2e/annotations/canary.go#L1031) - [should not use canary as a catch-all server](https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/tree/main//test/e2e/annotations/canary.go#L1070) - [should not use canary with ... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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0.03... | 0.092793 |
when request exceed timeout](https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/tree/main//test/e2e/annotations/grpc.go#L280) ### [http2-push-preload](https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/tree/main//test/e2e/annotations/http2pushpreload.go#L27) - [enable the http2-push-preload directive](https://github.com/kubernetes/i... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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-0.01... | 0.076644 |
if the annotation value is empty](https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/tree/main//test/e2e/annotations/xforwardedprefix.go#L57) ### [[CGroups] cgroups](https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/tree/main//test/e2e/cgroups/cgroups.go#L32) - [detects cgroups version v1](https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-ngin... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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-0.007470745127648115,
-0.02578848786652088,
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0.0... | 0.119279 |
metrics are present](https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/tree/main//test/e2e/metrics/metrics.go#L73) - [request metrics per undefined host are present when flag is set](https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/tree/main//test/e2e/metrics/metrics.go#L95) - [request metrics per undefined host are not present w... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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0.0468... | 0.099967 |
when request any protected service](https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/tree/main//test/e2e/settings/global\_external\_auth.go#L91) - [should return status code 200 when request whitelisted (via no-auth-locations) service and 401 when request protected service](https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/tree/m... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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0.... | 0.103929 |
code 200 when accessing '/noauth' unauthenticated](https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/tree/main//test/e2e/settings/no\_auth\_locations.go#L82) ### [Add no tls redirect locations](https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/tree/main//test/e2e/settings/no\_tls\_redirect\_locations.go#L27) - [Check no tls redire... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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0.0... | 0.049838 |
the configuration](https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/tree/main//test/e2e/tcpudp/tcp.go#L168) | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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# FAQ ## Multi-tenant Kubernetes Do not use in multi-tenant Kubernetes production installations. This project assumes that users that can create Ingress objects are administrators of the cluster. For example, the Ingress NGINX control plane has global and per Ingress configuration options that make it insecure, if enab... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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minikube) is to install Metallb and configure the ipaddress of the kind container or the minikube vm/container, as the starting and ending of the pool for Metallb in L2 mode. Then the host ip becomes a real client ipaddress, for curl requests sent from the host. After installing ingress-nginx controller on a kind or a ... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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the characters accepted on the field "`ingress.spec.rules.http.paths.path`", to "`alphanumeric characters`", and "`/`", "`\_`", "`-`". Also, in this case, the path should start with "`/`". - When the ingress resource path contains other characters (like on rewrite configurations), the pathType value should be "`Impleme... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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... | 0.15764 |
# Retirement [What You Need to Know about Ingress NGINX Retirement](https://www.kubernetes.io/blog/2025/11/11/ingress-nginx-retirement/): \* Best-effort maintenance will continue until March 2026. \* Afterward, there will be no further releases, no bugfixes, and no updates to resolve any security vulnerabilities that m... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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# Miscellaneous ## Source IP address By default NGINX uses the content of the header `X-Forwarded-For` as the source of truth to get information about the client IP address. This works without issues in L7 \*\*if we configure the setting `proxy-real-ip-cidr`\*\* with the correct information of the IP/network address of... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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# Command line arguments The following command line arguments are accepted by the Ingress controller executable. They are set in the container spec of the `ingress-nginx-controller` Deployment manifest | Argument | Description | |----------|-------------| | `--annotations-prefix` | Prefix of the Ingress annotations spe... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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the NGINX status server. All requests received on the port defined by the healthz-port parameter are forwarded internally to this path. (default "/healthz") | | `--health-check-timeout` | Time limit, in seconds, for a probe to health-check-path to succeed. (default 10) | | `--healthz-port` | Port to use for the healthz... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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| `--status-update-interval` | Time interval in seconds in which the status should check if an update is required. Default is 60 seconds. (default 60) | | `--stream-port` | Port to use for the lua TCP/UDP endpoint configuration. (default 10247) | | `--sync-period` | Period at which the controller forces the repopulatio... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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# Basic usage - host based routing ingress-nginx can be used for many use cases, inside various cloud providers and supports a lot of configurations. In this section you can find a common usage scenario where a single load balancer powered by ingress-nginx will route traffic to 2 different HTTP backend services based o... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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# TLS/HTTPS ## TLS Secrets Anytime we reference a TLS secret, we mean a PEM-encoded X.509, RSA (2048) secret. !!! warning Ensure that the certificate order is leaf->intermediate->root, otherwise the controller will not be able to import the certificate, and you'll see this error in the logs ```W1012 09:15:45.920000 6 b... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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enforcement through redirect By default the controller redirects HTTP clients to the HTTPS port 443 using a 308 Permanent Redirect response if TLS is enabled for that Ingress. This can be disabled globally using `ssl-redirect: "false"` in the NGINX [config map][ConfigMap], or per-Ingress with the `nginx.ingress.kuberne... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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# FAQ - Migration to Kubernetes 1.22 and apiVersion `networking.k8s.io/v1` If you are using Ingress objects in your cluster (running Kubernetes older than v1.22), and you plan to upgrade to Kubernetes v1.22, this page is relevant to you. - Please read this [official blog on deprecated Ingress API versions](https://kube... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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the IngressClass documentation. ``` The `.spec.ingressClassName` behavior has precedence over the deprecated `kubernetes.io/ingress.class` annotation. ## I have only one ingress controller in my cluster. What should I do? If a single instance of the ingress-nginx controller is the sole Ingress controller running in you... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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the new Ingress. Bear in mind that if you start Ingress-Nginx B with the command line argument `--watch-ingress-without-class=true`, it will serve: 1. Ingresses without any `ingressClassName` set 2. Ingresses where the deprecated annotation (`kubernetes.io/ingress.class`) matches the value set in the command line argum... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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# Ingress Path Matching ## Regular Expression Support !!! important Regular expressions is not supported in the `spec.rules.host` field. The wildcard character '\\*' must appear by itself as the first DNS label and matches only a single label. You cannot have a wildcard label by itself (e.g. Host == "\\*"). !!! note Pl... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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the `test.com` server: ```txt location ~\* "^/foo/bar/[A-Z0-9]{3}" { ... } location ~\* "^/foo/bar/bar" { ... } ``` A request to `test.com/foo/bar/bar` would match the `^/foo/bar/[A-Z0-9]{3}` location block instead of the longest EXACT matching path. | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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# Exposing TCP and UDP services While the Kubernetes Ingress resource only officially supports routing external HTTP(s) traffic to services, ingress-nginx can be configured to receive external TCP/UDP traffic from non-HTTP protocols and route them to internal services using TCP/UDP port mappings that are specified with... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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0.0271... | 0.164926 |
# Exposing FastCGI Servers > \*\*FastCGI\*\* is a [binary protocol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary\_protocol "Binary protocol") for interfacing interactive programs with a [web server](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web\_server "Web server"). [...] (It's) aim is to reduce the overhead related to interfacing betwee... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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below until you have created the configMap seen above. - You can see that this ingress matches the service `example-service`, and the port named `fastcgi` from above. ``` apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1 kind: Ingress metadata: annotations: nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/backend-protocol: "FCGI" nginx.ingress.kubernetes.i... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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# Multiple Ingress controllers By default, deploying multiple Ingress controllers (e.g., `ingress-nginx` & `gce`) will result in all controllers simultaneously racing to update Ingress status fields in confusing ways. To fix this problem, use [IngressClasses](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingr... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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# External Articles - [Pain(less) NGINX Ingress](http://danielfm.me/posts/painless-nginx-ingress.html) - [Accessing Kubernetes Pods from Outside of the Cluster](http://alesnosek.com/blog/2017/02/14/accessing-kubernetes-pods-from-outside-of-the-cluster) - [Kubernetes - Redirect HTTP to HTTPS with ELB and the Ingress-Ngi... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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# Custom errors When the [`custom-http-errors`][cm-custom-http-errors] option is enabled, the Ingress controller configures NGINX so that it passes several HTTP headers down to its `default-backend` in case of error: | Header | Value | | ---------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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# Monitoring Two different methods to install and configure Prometheus and Grafana are described in this doc. \* Prometheus and Grafana installation using Pod Annotations. This installs Prometheus and Grafana in the same namespace as NGINX Ingress \* Prometheus and Grafana installation using Service Monitors. This inst... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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URL: \_http://{node IP address}:{prometheus-svc-nodeport}\_ to load the Prometheus Dashboard. - According to the above example, this URL will be http://10.192.0.3:32630  #### Grafana - Install grafana using the below command ``` kubectl apply --kustomize github... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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``` - Notice that prometheus is installed in a differenet namespace than ingress-nginx - If prometheus is not installed, then you can install from [here](https://artifacthub.io/packages/helm/prometheus-community/kube-prometheus-stack) ### Re-configure Ingress-Nginx Controller - The Ingress NGINX controller needs to be ... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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so using the following command: ``` kubectl port-forward svc/prometheus-grafana 3000:80 -n prometheus ``` When you run the above command, you should see something like: ``` Forwarding from 127.0.0.1:3000 -> 3000 Forwarding from [::1]:3000 -> 3000 ``` - Open your browser and visit the following URL http://localhost:{por... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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1970/01/01 # TYPE nginx\_ingress\_controller\_nginx\_process\_oldest\_start\_time\_seconds gauge # HELP nginx\_ingress\_controller\_nginx\_process\_read\_bytes\_total number of bytes read # TYPE nginx\_ingress\_controller\_nginx\_process\_read\_bytes\_total counter # HELP nginx\_ingress\_controller\_nginx\_process\_req... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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# ConfigMaps ConfigMaps allow you to decouple configuration artifacts from image content to keep containerized applications portable. The ConfigMap API resource stores configuration data as key-value pairs. The data provides the configurations for system components for the nginx-controller. In order to overwrite nginx-... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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| [max-worker-open-files](#max-worker-open-files) | int | 0 | | | [map-hash-bucket-size](#map-hash-bucket-size) | int | 64 | | | [nginx-status-ipv4-whitelist](#nginx-status-ipv4-whitelist) | []string | "127.0.0.1" | | | [nginx-status-ipv6-whitelist](#nginx-status-ipv6-whitelist) | []string | "::1" | | | [proxy-real-ip-... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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| | | [jaeger-endpoint](#jaeger-endpoint) | string | "" | | | [jaeger-service-name](#jaeger-service-name) | string | "nginx" | | | [jaeger-propagation-format](#jaeger-propagation-format) | string | "jaeger" | | | [jaeger-sampler-type](#jaeger-sampler-type) | string | "const" | | | [jaeger-sampler-param](#jaeger-sampler... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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string | "" | | | [global-auth-cache-duration](#global-auth-cache-duration) | string | "200 202 401 5m" | | | [no-auth-locations](#no-auth-locations) | string | "/.well-known/acme-challenge" | | | [block-cidrs](#block-cidrs) | []string | "" | | | [block-user-agents](#block-user-agents) | []string | "" | | | [block-refe... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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Sets buffer size for reading client request body. \_References:\_ [https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx\_http\_core\_module.html#client\_body\_buffer\_size](https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx\_http\_core\_module.html#client\_body\_buffer\_size) ## client-body-timeout Defines a timeout for reading client request body, in ... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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entirely for character escaping in variables ("true") or controlled by log-format-escape-json ("false") Sets the nginx [log format](https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx\_http\_log\_module.html#log\_format). ## log-format-escape-json Sets if the escape parameter allows JSON ("true") or default characters escaping in varia... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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use. The default is: `TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3`. Please check the result of the configuration using `https://ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html` or `https://testssl.sh`. ## ssl-early-data Enables or disables TLS 1.3 [early data](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8446#section-2.3), also known as Zero Round Trip Time Resumption (0-RTT... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
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-0.0604429729282856,
-0.08284499496221542,
-0.009642976336181164,
0.07650034874677658,
-0.005689666140824556,
-0.03538994491100311,
-0.01833498664200306,
-0.028314581140875816,
0.06... | -0.066578 |
brotli. \_\*\*default:\*\*\_ `application/xml+rss application/atom+xml application/javascript application/x-javascript application/json application/rss+xml application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/svg+xml image/x-i... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
-0.13523158431053162,
0.10663412511348724,
-0.06317421793937683,
-0.02537430077791214,
-0.00881212204694748,
-0.03917562589049339,
-0.010177464224398136,
-0.03424115106463432,
-0.029311925172805786,
-0.08005467057228088,
0.02596220374107361,
0.061877306550741196,
0.046085018664598465,
0.02... | 0.047207 |
server. The 0 value turns off this limitation. \_References:\_ [https://nginx.org/en/docs/stream/ngx\_stream\_proxy\_module.html#proxy\_next\_upstream\_timeout](https://nginx.org/en/docs/stream/ngx\_stream\_proxy\_module.html#proxy\_next\_upstream\_timeout) ## proxy-stream-next-upstream-tries Limits the number of possi... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
-0.059863489121198654,
-0.01176487561315298,
0.05875607952475548,
-0.016682814806699753,
-0.013586556538939476,
-0.02461480163037777,
-0.025266382843255997,
-0.027088576927781105,
0.062446556985378265,
0.01672436110675335,
-0.05333000794053078,
-0.00003978378663305193,
0.0232333242893219,
... | -0.030934 |
OpenTelemetry extension. \_\*\*default:\*\*\_ is disabled \_References:\_ [https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-cpp-contrib](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-cpp-contrib/tree/main/instrumentation/nginx) ## opentelemetry-operation-name Specifies a custom name for the server span. \_\*\*default:... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
-0.042347729206085205,
0.07555495947599411,
-0.01834634505212307,
-0.005673334002494812,
-0.045649804174900055,
-0.11019568145275116,
-0.019767655059695244,
0.004524026997387409,
0.04320130497217178,
0.030130116268992424,
0.04401525855064392,
-0.07309777289628983,
-0.035927385091781616,
0.... | 0.171507 |
response. Value must be either `off` or two space-separated tokens (source domain and replacement). ## proxy-next-upstream Specifies in [which cases](https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx\_http\_proxy\_module.html#proxy\_next\_upstream) a request should be passed to the next server. ## proxy-next-upstream-timeout [Limits ... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
-0.07256174087524414,
0.013693910092115402,
0.04583359509706497,
-0.03677274286746979,
-0.01989847794175148,
-0.02657141722738743,
-0.03786352276802063,
0.011251728050410748,
0.04623517394065857,
0.025437131524086,
-0.03874488174915314,
0.0009201424545608461,
0.00753442570567131,
-0.046855... | 0.038951 |
as a domain name or IP address. ## syslog-port Sets the port of syslog server. \_\*\*default:\*\*\_ 514 ## no-tls-redirect-locations A comma-separated list of locations on which http requests will never get redirected to their https counterpart. \_\*\*default:\*\*\_ "/.well-known/acme-challenge" ## global-allowed-respo... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
0.030052507296204567,
0.07576321065425873,
0.03583783283829689,
-0.028312772512435913,
0.03812559321522713,
-0.06053674966096878,
0.029718466103076935,
-0.07594272494316101,
0.08602671325206757,
0.04009693115949631,
-0.05128885433077812,
-0.08448272198438644,
0.033962901681661606,
0.075079... | 0.109913 |
unknown virtualhost. This parameter helps to mitigate the fingerprinting using default certificate of ingress. \_\*\*default:\*\*\_ "false" \_References:\_ [https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx\_http\_ssl\_module.html#ssl\_reject\_handshake](https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx\_http\_ssl\_module.html#ssl\_reject\_handshak... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
-0.06920849531888962,
0.10820721089839935,
0.013358674943447113,
0.019194206222891808,
0.028320766985416412,
-0.06522244960069656,
0.03641850873827934,
-0.04937145486474037,
0.053851909935474396,
0.04781346395611763,
0.022667689248919487,
-0.08087925612926483,
0.019868355244398117,
0.04319... | 0.103769 |
# Annotations Scope and Risk |Group |Annotation | Risk | Scope | |--------|------------------|------|-------| | Aliases | server-alias | High | ingress | | Allowlist | allowlist-source-range | Medium | location | | BackendProtocol | backend-protocol | Low | location | | BasicDigestAuth | auth-realm | Medium | location ... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
0.05750202015042305,
-0.00819296296685934,
-0.08382336050271988,
-0.02069990709424019,
0.041840024292469025,
-0.007797560654580593,
0.04622035473585129,
-0.043728142976760864,
-0.03951825574040413,
0.02180344983935356,
0.03655936196446419,
-0.09138123691082001,
0.08597911149263382,
0.03089... | 0.092318 |
| ingress | | ModSecurity | enable-modsecurity | Low | ingress | | ModSecurity | enable-owasp-core-rules | Low | ingress | | ModSecurity | modsecurity-snippet | Critical | ingress | | ModSecurity | modsecurity-transaction-id | High | ingress | | Opentelemetry | enable-opentelemetry | Low | location | | Opentelemetry | ... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
-0.014065197668969631,
-0.04136921837925911,
-0.05208159610629082,
0.018941665068268776,
-0.01920080929994583,
-0.046150561422109604,
0.051466070115566254,
0.0007479763007722795,
-0.05554790794849396,
0.02067297324538231,
0.05851563811302185,
-0.03477137163281441,
0.09288763254880905,
-0.0... | 0.118059 |
ingress | | SessionAffinity | session-cookie-conditional-samesite-none | Low | ingress | | SessionAffinity | session-cookie-domain | Medium | ingress | | SessionAffinity | session-cookie-expires | Medium | ingress | | SessionAffinity | session-cookie-max-age | Medium | ingress | | SessionAffinity | session-cookie-name ... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
0.010066534392535686,
-0.01025648508220911,
-0.023002952337265015,
-0.02681892178952694,
0.01019118633121252,
-0.022304989397525787,
0.02036946266889572,
0.009408419951796532,
-0.018395882099866867,
0.06430072337388992,
0.0024460728745907545,
-0.09094654768705368,
0.04141968488693237,
0.01... | 0.058281 |
# Annotations You can add these Kubernetes annotations to specific Ingress objects to customize their behavior. !!! tip Annotation keys and values can only be strings. Other types, such as boolean or numeric values must be quoted, i.e. `"true"`, `"false"`, `"100"`. !!! note The annotation prefix can be changed using th... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
-0.0503375269472599,
0.09049122035503387,
0.028970269486308098,
0.01195254735648632,
0.008408386260271072,
0.018226362764835358,
0.12911781668663025,
-0.025811081752181053,
0.05782204866409302,
0.09082029014825821,
-0.08045421540737152,
-0.11780700087547302,
-0.045040544122457504,
0.033575... | 0.153435 |
to `always`, it will be routed to the canary. When the cookie is set to `never`, it will never be routed to the canary. For any other value, the cookie will be ignored and the request compared against the other canary rules by precedence. \* `nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-weight`: The integer based (0 - ) percent ... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
0.005500218365341425,
0.03688720613718033,
-0.00035395054146647453,
0.009967607446014881,
-0.05206026881933212,
-0.08096326142549515,
0.035323940217494965,
-0.04337826371192932,
0.041742682456970215,
0.038914624601602554,
-0.041788313537836075,
-0.027748191729187965,
-0.0874425619840622,
0... | 0.088459 |
is set to true; Session cookie paths do not support regex. Use `nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/session-cookie-domain` to set the `Domain` attribute of the sticky cookie. Use `nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/session-cookie-samesite` to apply a `SameSite` attribute to the sticky cookie. Browser accepted values are `None`, `Lax`... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
-0.03425253555178642,
0.0036542469169944525,
0.05534878745675087,
-0.024818938225507736,
-0.01051655039191246,
-0.0834357813000679,
0.029165169224143028,
-0.076258584856987,
0.03978440910577774,
0.026623114943504333,
-0.021111179143190384,
-0.05241503566503525,
-0.0328061617910862,
0.08951... | 0.006708 |
you need to call the upstream server by something other than `$host`. ### Client Certificate Authentication It is possible to enable Client Certificate Authentication using additional annotations in Ingress Rule. Client Certificate Authentication is applied per host and it is not possible to specify rules that differ f... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
-0.05709625035524368,
0.09821474552154541,
0.04464252293109894,
-0.014095688238739967,
-0.013758000917732716,
-0.05963391065597534,
0.03661384433507919,
0.010738358832895756,
0.10235238820314407,
0.06450570374727249,
-0.06996144354343414,
-0.1149882823228836,
0.05376376211643219,
0.0982510... | 0.04939 |
the certificate `tls.crt`, key `tls.key` in PEM format used for authentication to a proxied HTTPS server. It should also contain trusted CA certificates `ca.crt` in PEM format used to verify the certificate of the proxied HTTPS server. This annotation expects the Secret name in the form "namespace/secretName". \* `ngin... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
-0.07185540348291397,
0.07102017104625702,
0.027573714032769203,
-0.01322251372039318,
-0.03065604902803898,
-0.03140004724264145,
0.052962131798267365,
-0.0025101574137806892,
0.12562789022922516,
0.058651603758335114,
-0.01638603024184704,
-0.08860183507204056,
0.044450543820858,
0.03000... | 0.075723 |
will also be used to handle the error responses if both this annotation and the [custom-http-errors annotation](#custom-http-errors) are set. ### Enable CORS To enable Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) in an Ingress rule, add the annotation `nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/enable-cors: "true"`. This will add a section i... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
-0.053753264248371124,
0.10208238661289215,
0.040797799825668335,
-0.044318024069070816,
0.009087393060326576,
0.010517086833715439,
-0.026511650532484055,
-0.02199586108326912,
0.0488334558904171,
0.0564919151365757,
-0.03093552216887474,
-0.09536653012037277,
-0.012879475019872189,
-0.00... | 0.182767 |
`nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/client-body-buffer-size: 1K` # 1 kilobyte \* `nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/client-body-buffer-size: 1m` # 1 megabyte \* `nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/client-body-buffer-size: 1M` # 1 megabyte For more information please see [https://nginx.org](https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx\_http\_core\_m... | null | main | kubernetes-ingress-nginx | [
-0.023889275267720222,
0.0953570008277893,
0.01715715043246746,
-0.034814272075891495,
-0.06503444164991379,
-0.10166701674461365,
0.03950657695531845,
0.05123584344983101,
0.04607204720377922,
0.08532535284757614,
-0.06797005236148834,
-0.03132696822285652,
-0.031992170959711075,
0.005374... | 0.126554 |
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