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manifest generate`, please note the following caveats: 1. Manually create the Istio namespace (`istio-system` by default). 1. Istio validation will not be enabled by default. Unlike `istioctl install`, the `manifest generate` command will not create the `istiod-default-validator` validating webhook configuration unless... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/install/istioctl/index.md | master | istio | [
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This document covers any platform- or environment-specific prerequisites for installing Istio in ambient mode. ## Platform Certain Kubernetes environments require you to set various Istio configuration options to support them. ### Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) #### Namespace restrictions On GKE, any pods with the [sys... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/install/platform-prerequisites/index.md | master | istio | [
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overrides. 1. Create a cluster with Traefik disabled so it doesn't conflict with Istio's ingress gateways: {{< text bash >}} $ k3d cluster create --api-port 6550 -p '9080:80@loadbalancer' -p '9443:443@loadbalancer' --agents 2 --k3s-arg '--disable=traefik@server:\*' {{< /text >}} 1. Set `global.platform=k3d` when instal... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/install/platform-prerequisites/index.md | master | istio | [
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probes, as it ensures that probe traffic is routed through the host and applied to the host’s routing table, which is necessary for the probes to function correctly. To configure the gateway mode at runtime, follow the steps described [here](https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/openshift\_container\_platform/4.19/h... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/install/platform-prerequisites/index.md | master | istio | [
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Follow this guide to install an Istio {{< gloss "ambient" >}}ambient service mesh{{< /gloss >}} that spans multiple {{< gloss "cluster" >}}clusters{{< /gloss >}}. ## Current Status and Limitations {{< warning >}} While Ambient \*\*multi-network multicluster\*\* has reached beta status and considered production ready, t... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/install/multicluster/_index.md | master | istio | [
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Follow this guide to verify that your ambient multicluster Istio installation is working properly. Before proceeding, be sure to complete the steps under [before you begin](/docs/ambient/install/multicluster/before-you-begin) as well as choosing and following one of the [multicluster installation guides](/docs/ambient/... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/install/multicluster/verify/index.md | master | istio | [
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application to `cluster2`: {{< text bash >}} $ kubectl apply --context="${CTX\_CLUSTER2}" \ -f @samples/helloworld/helloworld.yaml@ \ -l version=v2 -n sample {{< /text >}} Confirm the status the `helloworld-v2` pod status: {{< text bash >}} $ kubectl get pod --context="${CTX\_CLUSTER2}" -n sample -l app=helloworld NAME... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/install/multicluster/verify/index.md | master | istio | [
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{{< tip >}} This guide requires installation of the Gateway API CRDs. {{< boilerplate gateway-api-install-crds >}} {{< /tip >}} Follow this guide to install the Istio control plane on both `cluster1` and `cluster2`, making each a {{< gloss >}}primary cluster{{< /gloss >}} (this is currently the only supported configura... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/install/multicluster/multi-primary_multi-network/index.md | master | istio | [
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using the following Gateway definition: {{< text bash >}} $ cat < cluster1-ewgateway.yaml kind: Gateway apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1 metadata: name: istio-eastwestgateway namespace: istio-system labels: topology.istio.io/network: "network1" spec: gatewayClassName: istio-east-west listeners: - name: mesh por... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/install/multicluster/multi-primary_multi-network/index.md | master | istio | [
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you are running a revisioned instance of istiod and you don't have a default revision or tag set, you may need to add the `istio.io/rev` label to this `Gateway` manifest. {{< /warning >}} Apply the configuration to `cluster2`: {{< text bash >}} $ kubectl apply --context="${CTX\_CLUSTER2}" -f cluster2-ewgateway.yaml {{<... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/install/multicluster/multi-primary_multi-network/index.md | master | istio | [
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Before you begin a multicluster installation, review the [deployment models guide](/docs/ops/deployment/deployment-models) which describes the foundational concepts used throughout this guide. In addition, review the requirements and perform the initial steps below. ## Requirements ### Cluster This guide requires that ... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/install/multicluster/before-you-begin/index.md | master | istio | [
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Follow this guide to deploy multicluster-aware Kiali in multi-network ambient deployment to view how the traffic flows between the clusters. Before proceeding, be sure to complete the steps under [before you begin](/docs/ambient/install/multicluster/before-you-begin), [multicluster installation guides](/docs/ambient/in... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/install/multicluster/observability/index.md | master | istio | [
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$ kubectl exec --context="${CTX\_CLUSTER1}" -n sample -c curl \ "$(kubectl get pod --context="${CTX\_CLUSTER1}" -n sample -l \ app=curl -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}')" \ -- curl -sS helloworld.sample:5000/hello {{< /text >}} {{< text plain >}} Hello version: v2, instance: helloworld-v2-758dd55874-6x4t8 Hello ... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/install/multicluster/observability/index.md | master | istio | [
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## Cleanup Kiali and Prometheus To delete Kiali, start by deleting Kiali custom resource: {{< text bash >}} $ kubectl --context="${CTX\_CLUSTER1}" delete kiali kiali -n kiali $ kubectl --context="${CTX\_CLUSTER2}" delete kiali kiali -n kiali {{< /text >}} Kiali Operator will stop Kiali server once the custom resource i... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/install/multicluster/observability/index.md | master | istio | [
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Follow this guide to customize failover behavior in your ambient multicluster Istio installation using waypoint proxies. Before proceeding, be sure to complete ambient multicluster Istio installation following one of the [multicluster installation guides](/docs/ambient/install/multicluster) and verify that the installa... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/install/multicluster/failover/index.md | master | istio | [
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/text >}} Now, if you repeat this request several times and verify that the `HelloWorld` version should always be `v1` because the traffic stays in `cluster1`: {{< text plain >}} Hello version: v1, instance: helloworld-v1-954745fd-z6qcn Hello version: v1, instance: helloworld-v1-954745fd-z6qcn ... {{< /text >}} Similar... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/install/multicluster/failover/index.md | master | istio | [
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{{< tip >}} Follow this guide to install and configure an Istio mesh with support for ambient mode. If you are new to Istio, and just want to try it out, follow the [quick start instructions](/docs/ambient/getting-started) instead. {{< /tip >}} We encourage the use of Helm to install Istio for production use in ambient... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/install/helm/index.md | master | istio | [
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parameter to avoid the infinite wait. See [Installing Gateways](/docs/setup/additional-setup/gateway/) for in-depth documentation on gateway installation. ## Configuration To view supported configuration options and documentation, run: {{< text syntax=bash >}} $ helm show values istio/istiod {{< /text >}} ## Verify the... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/install/helm/index.md | master | istio | [
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{{< text syntax=bash snip\_id=none >}} $ helm template istiod istio/istiod -n istio-system --kube-version {Kubernetes version of target cluster} > istiod.yaml {{< /text >}} The generated manifest can be used to inspect what exactly is installed as well as to track changes to the manifest over time. {{< tip >}} Any addi... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/install/helm/index.md | master | istio | [
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{{< tip >}} Follow this guide to install and configure an Istio mesh with support for ambient mode. If you are new to Istio, and just want to try it out, follow the [quick start instructions](/docs/ambient/getting-started) instead. {{< /tip >}} We encourage the use of Helm to install Istio for production use in ambient... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/install/helm/all-in-one/index.md | master | istio | [
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1 2024-04-17 22:14:45.964722028 +0000 UTC deployed ambient-{{< istio\_full\_version >}} {{< istio\_full\_version >}} {{< /text >}} You can check the status of the deployed pods with: {{< text syntax=bash snip\_id=check\_pods >}} $ kubectl get pods -n istio-system NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE istio-cni-node-g97z5 1/1 ... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/install/helm/all-in-one/index.md | master | istio | [
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This guide describes some options for monitoring the ztunnel proxy configuration and datapath. This information can also help with some high level troubleshooting and in identifying information that would be useful to collect and provide in a bug report if there are any problems. ## Viewing ztunnel proxy state The ztun... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/usage/troubleshoot-ztunnel/index.md | master | istio | [
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in the example). {{< text bash >}} $ export ISTIOD=$(kubectl get pods -n istio-system -l app=istiod -o=jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}') $ kubectl debug -it $ISTIOD -n istio-system --image=curlimages/curl -- curl localhost:15014/debug/config\_dump?proxyID="$ZTUNNEL".istio-system {{< /text >}} ## Verifying ztunnel t... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/usage/troubleshoot-ztunnel/index.md | master | istio | [
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/text >}} This is a round robin load balancing algorithm and is separate from and independent of any load balancing algorithm that may be configured within a `VirtualService`'s `TrafficPolicy` field, since as discussed previously, all aspects of `VirtualService` API objects are instantiated on the Waypoint proxies and ... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/usage/troubleshoot-ztunnel/index.md | master | istio | [
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{{< boilerplate alpha >}} Istio provides the ability to extend waypoint proxies using [WebAssembly (Wasm)](/docs/concepts/extensibility/#webassembly-filters) modules via the [`TrafficExtension`](/docs/reference/config/proxy\_extensions/traffic\_extension/) API. In ambient mode, `TrafficExtension` resources must be atta... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/usage/extend-waypoint-wasm/index.md | master | istio | [
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/text >}} ### Verify the traffic via the waypoint proxy 1. Test internal `/productpage` without credentials: {{< text syntax=bash snip\_id=test\_waypoint\_productpage\_without\_credentials >}} $ kubectl exec deploy/curl -- curl -s -w "%{http\_code}" -o /dev/null http://productpage:9080/productpage 401 {{< /text >}} 1. ... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/usage/extend-waypoint-wasm/index.md | master | istio | [
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Once you have added applications to an ambient mesh, you can easily validate mTLS is enabled among your workloads using one or more of the methods below: ## Validate mTLS using workload's ztunnel configurations Using the convenient `istioctl ztunnel-config workloads` command, you can view if your workload is configured... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/usage/verify-mtls-enabled/index.md | master | istio | [
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$ POD=$(kubectl get pods -l app=details -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}") $ kubectl debug $POD -i --image=nicolaka/netshoot -- tcpdump -nAi eth0 port 9080 or port 15008 {{< /text >}} | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/usage/verify-mtls-enabled/index.md | master | istio | [
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In most cases, a cluster administrator will deploy the Istio mesh infrastructure. Once Istio is successfully deployed with support for the ambient {{< gloss >}}data plane{{< /gloss >}} mode, it will be transparently available to applications deployed by all users in namespaces that have been configured to use it. ## En... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/usage/add-workloads/index.md | master | istio | [
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the `istio.io/ingress-use-waypoint` label as described in [Ingress gateways and waypoints](/docs/ambient/usage/waypoint/#ingress-and-waypoints). ## Pod selection logic for ambient and sidecar modes Istio's two data plane modes, sidecar and ambient, can co-exist in the same cluster. It is important to ensure that the sa... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/usage/add-workloads/index.md | master | istio | [
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The `networking.istio.io/traffic-distribution` annotation controls how {{< gloss >}}ztunnel{{< /gloss >}} distributes traffic across available endpoints. This is useful for keeping traffic local to reduce latency and cross-zone costs. ## Supported values | Value | Behavior | | --- | --- | | `PreferSameZone` | Prioritiz... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/usage/traffic-distribution/index.md | master | istio | [
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{{< boilerplate alpha >}} Istio provides the ability to extend waypoint proxies using inline [Lua](https://www.lua.org/) scripts via the [`TrafficExtension`](/docs/reference/config/proxy\_extensions/traffic\_extension/) API. In ambient mode, `TrafficExtension` resources must be attached to a waypoint proxy using `targe... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/usage/extend-waypoint-lua/index.md | master | istio | [
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By adding a waypoint proxy to your traffic flow you can enable more of [Istio's features](/docs/concepts). Waypoints are configured using the {{< gloss "gateway api" >}}Kubernetes Gateway API{{< /gloss >}}. {{< warning >}} Usage of VirtualService with the ambient data plane mode is considered Alpha. Mixing with Gateway... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/usage/l7-features/index.md | master | istio | [
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scripts](/docs/ambient/usage/extend-waypoint-lua/). † [Read more on how to extend waypoints with WebAssembly plugins](/docs/ambient/usage/extend-waypoint-wasm/). Extension configurations are considered policy by the Gateway API definition. ## Scoping routes or policies A route or policy can be scoped to apply to all tr... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/usage/l7-features/index.md | master | istio | [
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The Layer 4 (L4) features of Istio's [security policies](/docs/concepts/security) are supported by {{< gloss >}}ztunnel{{< /gloss >}}, and are available in {{< gloss "ambient" >}}ambient mode{{< /gloss >}}. [Kubernetes Network Policies](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/network-policies/) also con... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/usage/l4-policy/index.md | master | istio | [
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L7 attributes (i.e. those not listed in the table above) is targeted such that it will be enforced by a receiving ztunnel, it will fail safe by becoming a `DENY` policy. This example adds a check for the HTTP GET method: {{< text yaml >}} apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1 kind: AuthorizationPolicy metadata: name: allow-... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/usage/l4-policy/index.md | master | istio | [
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A \*\*waypoint proxy\*\* is an optional deployment of the Envoy-based proxy to add Layer 7 (L7) processing to a defined set of workloads. Waypoint proxies are installed, upgraded and scaled independently from applications; an application owner should be unaware of their existence. Compared to the sidecar {{< gloss >}}d... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/usage/waypoint/index.md | master | istio | [
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apply -f - <}} After the Gateway resource is applied, Istiod will monitor the resource, deploy and manage the corresponding waypoint deployment and service for users automatically. ### Waypoint traffic types By default, a waypoint will only handle traffic destined for \*\*services\*\* in its namespaces. This choice was... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/usage/waypoint/index.md | master | istio | [
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namespace label. {{< /tip >}} ### Ingress gateways and waypoints {#ingress-and-waypoints} The `istio.io/use-waypoint` label governs \*\*east-west\*\* traffic: requests from other pods in the mesh to the labeled namespace, service, or workload are sent through the destination waypoint for Layer 7 policy and telemetry. T... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/usage/waypoint/index.md | master | istio | [
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configure your resources to use a waypoint from a different namespace. ### Configure a waypoint for cross-namespace use In order to enable cross-namespace use of a waypoint, the `Gateway` should be configured to [allow routes](https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/reference/spec/#gateway.networking.k8s.io%2fv1.AllowedRoutes)... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/usage/waypoint/index.md | master | istio | [
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This guide describes what to do if you have enrolled a namespace, service or workload in a waypoint proxy, but you are not seeing the expected behavior. ## Problems with traffic routing or security policy To send some requests to the `reviews` service via the `productpage` service from the `curl` pod: {{< text bash >}}... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/usage/troubleshoot-waypoint/index.md | master | istio | [
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reviews-svc-waypoint-c49f9f569-b492t.default Kubernetes SYNCED SYNCED SYNCED NOT SENT NOT SENT istiod-795d55fc6d-vqtjx 1.23-alpha.75c6eafc5bc8d160b5643c3ea18acb9785855564 reviews-v2-pod-waypoint-7f5dbd597-7zzw7.default Kubernetes SYNCED SYNCED NOT SENT NOT SENT NOT SENT istiod-795d55fc6d-vqtjx 1.23-alpha.75c6eafc5bc8d1... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/usage/troubleshoot-waypoint/index.md | master | istio | [
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Kubernetes [NetworkPolicy](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/network-policies/) allows you to control how layer 4 traffic reaches your pods. `NetworkPolicy` is typically enforced by the {{< gloss >}}CNI{{< /gloss >}} installed in your cluster. Istio is not a CNI, and does not enforce or manage `Ne... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/usage/networkpolicy/index.md | master | istio | [
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pods to the ambient mesh, and by default ambient uses the link-local addresses `169.254.7.127` (IPv4) and `fd16:9254:7127:1337:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff` (IPv6) to identify and correctly allow kubelet health probe packets. Note: If your workload, namespace, or cluster enforces Kubernetes `NetworkPolicy`, you must allow both ... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/usage/networkpolicy/index.md | master | istio | [
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\*\*HBONE\*\* (or HTTP-Based Overlay Network Environment) is a secure tunneling protocol used between Istio components. HBONE is an Istio-specific term. It is a mechanism to transparently multiplex TCP streams related to many different application connections over a single, mTLS encrypted network connection: an encrypt... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/architecture/hbone/index.md | master | istio | [
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In the context of ambient mode, \_traffic redirection\_ refers to data plane functionality that intercepts traffic sent to and from ambient-enabled workloads, routing it through the {{< gloss >}}ztunnel{{< /gloss >}} node proxies that handle the core data path. Sometimes the term \_traffic capture\_ is also used. As zt... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/architecture/traffic-redirection/index.md | master | istio | [
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and the ztunnel has established the listen ports, the pod is added in the mesh and traffic begins flowing through the node-local ztunnel. Traffic to and from pods in the mesh will be fully encrypted with mTLS by default. Data will now enter and leave the pod network namespace encrypted. Every pod in the mesh has the ab... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/architecture/traffic-redirection/index.md | master | istio | [
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! --mark 0x539/0xfff -j TPROXY --on-port 15006 --on-ip 0.0.0.0 --tproxy-mark 0x111/0xfff COMMIT # Completed # Generated by iptables-save \*nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [175:13694] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [205:15494] :ISTIO\_OUTPUT - [0:0] -A OUTPUT -j ISTIO\_OUTPUT -A ISTIO\_OUTPUT -d 169... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/architecture/traffic-redirection/index.md | master | istio | [
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In {{< gloss "ambient" >}}ambient mode{{< /gloss >}}, workloads can fall into 3 categories: 1. \*\*Out of Mesh\*\*: a standard pod without any mesh features enabled. Istio and the ambient {{< gloss >}}data plane{{< /gloss >}} are not enabled. 1. \*\*In Mesh\*\*: a pod that is included in the ambient {{< gloss >}}data p... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/architecture/data-plane/index.md | master | istio | [
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the destination without going through any waypoint proxy even if the destination is waypoint enabled. Currently, traffic from sidecars and gateways won't go through any waypoint proxy either and they will be made aware of waypoint proxies in a future release. #### Dataplane details ##### Identity All inbound and outbou... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/architecture/data-plane/index.md | master | istio | [
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{{< tip >}} Note: Although the figure shows the HBONE tunnels to be between the two ztunnel proxies, the tunnels are in fact between the source and destination pods. Traffic is HBONE encapsulated and encrypted in the network namespace of the source pod itself, and eventually decapsulated and decrypted in the network na... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/architecture/data-plane/index.md | master | istio | [
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Like all Istio {{< gloss >}}data plane{{< /gloss >}} modes, Ambient uses the Istio {{< gloss >}}control plane{{< /gloss>}}. In ambient, the control plane communicates with the {{< gloss >}}ztunnel{{< /gloss >}} proxy on each Kubernetes node. The figure shows an overview of the control plane related components and flows... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/architecture/control-plane/index.md | master | istio | [
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This guide walks you through migrating an existing Istio deployment from {{< gloss >}}sidecar{{< /gloss >}} mode to {{< gloss "ambient" >}}ambient mode{{< /gloss >}}. The migration is designed to be gradual and reversible: sidecar and ambient workloads can coexist in the same mesh during the process, allowing you to mi... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/migrate/_index.md | master | istio | [
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below reflect the current stable Istio release. Ambient mode continues to evolve and some of these constraints may be lifted in later versions. Check the [release notes](/news/releases/) for updates specific to your Istio version. {{< /tip >}} The following are hard blockers, migration is not possible until these are r... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/migrate/_index.md | master | istio | [
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This step upgrades your Istio installation to include the ambient data plane components (ztunnel and updated CNI) while leaving all existing sidecar workloads without changes. Your sidecars will continue to handle traffic normally throughout this step. {{< warning >}} Do not remove sidecar injection or add the `istio.i... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/migrate/install-ambient-components/index.md | master | istio | [
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mode workloads during the migration period. The sidecar applies its own L7 logic before sending, but the waypoint never routes this traffic. This means L7 policies will not be applied twice because the sidecar handles its own routing decisions and the HBONE tunnel delivers traffic directly to the destination without pr... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/migrate/install-ambient-components/index.md | master | istio | [
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{{< tip >}} \*\*You may be able to skip this page.\*\* If you only use L4 `AuthorizationPolicy` rules (with no `methods`, `paths`, or `headers` matching), have no `VirtualService` or `DestinationRule` resources, and have no `EnvoyFilter`, `WasmPlugin`, or `RequestAuthentication` resources, your existing policies will w... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/migrate/migrate-policies/index.md | master | istio | [
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your cluster. Note that also `IngressGateway` resources are translated to Gateway API Gateway resources, so this tool can be used for the migration of both VirtualService and Gateway resources. {{< /tip >}} ### Example: Header-based routing The following `VirtualService` routes requests with `end-user: jason` to `revie... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/migrate/migrate-policies/index.md | master | istio | [
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allow-get-reviews namespace: bookinfo spec: targetRefs: - kind: Service group: "" name: reviews action: ALLOW rules: - to: - operation: methods: ["GET"] {{< /text >}} Alternatively, you can target the waypoint `Gateway` resource directly. This applies the policy to all traffic processed by the waypoint, regardless of t... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/migrate/migrate-policies/index.md | master | istio | [
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L7 rules (HTTP methods, paths, or headers) that remains active after sidecars are removed will be picked up by ztunnel, which cannot enforce L7 rules and will convert it into a `DENY` policy for all traffic to that workload. {{< /warning >}} ## Next steps Proceed to [Enable ambient mode](/docs/ambient/migrate/enable-am... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/migrate/migrate-policies/index.md | master | istio | [
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Before migrating from sidecar to ambient mode, verify that your environment meets the requirements and create a backup of your current configuration. {{< warning >}} \*\*If your workloads use L7 policies, migration is not straightforward and currently has known limitations:\*\* - During migration, there is a window whe... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/migrate/before-you-begin/index.md | master | istio | [
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removed or changed before migration, as ambient mode always enforces mTLS between mesh workloads. `PeerAuthentication` resources with `mode: STRICT` or `mode: PERMISSIVE` are not blockers, but they become redundant after migration: ambient mode enforces mTLS via ztunnel regardless of these policies. You can safely remo... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/migrate/before-you-begin/index.md | master | istio | [
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Enable ambient mode one namespace at a time. This lets you validate each namespace before moving on, and roll back a single namespace if something goes wrong. {{< warning >}} \*\*If you have L7 policies, there is no zero-downtime migration path at this time.\*\* During the transition, sidecar clients bypass waypoints e... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/migrate/enable-ambient-mode/index.md | master | istio | [
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kubectl rollout restart deployment -n $ kubectl rollout status deployment -n {{< /text >}} ### Step 5: Remove old sidecar policies {{< warning >}} Do this immediately after the pod restart, before running any validation. Once sidecars are removed, ztunnel takes over policy enforcement. ztunnel only understands L4 attri... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/migrate/enable-ambient-mode/index.md | master | istio | [
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the same name. Before applying the backup, delete the ambient resources first, or use selective `kubectl apply` on individual resources rather than the full backup file. {{< /warning >}} ## Post-migration observability changes After migrating to ambient mode, be aware of the following changes to telemetry: \*\*Metrics\... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/migrate/enable-ambient-mode/index.md | master | istio | [
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This guide lets you quickly evaluate Istio's {{< gloss "ambient" >}}ambient mode{{< /gloss >}}. You'll need a Kubernetes cluster to proceed. If you don't have a cluster, you can use [kind](/docs/setup/platform-setup/kind) or any other [supported Kubernetes platform](/docs/setup/platform-setup). These steps require you ... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/getting-started/_index.md | master | istio | [
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To explore Istio, you will install the sample [Bookinfo application](/docs/examples/bookinfo/), composed of four separate microservices used to demonstrate various Istio features. {{< image width="50%" link="./bookinfo.svg" caption="Istio's Bookinfo sample application is written in many different languages" >}} As part... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/getting-started/deploy-sample-app/index.md | master | istio | [
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Now you have a waypoint proxy installed, you will learn how to split traffic between services. ## Split traffic between services The Bookinfo application has three versions of the `reviews` service. You can split traffic between these versions to test new features or perform A/B testing. Let's configure traffic routing... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/getting-started/manage-traffic/index.md | master | istio | [
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After you have added your application to the ambient mesh, you can secure application access using Layer 4 authorization policies. This feature lets you control access to and from a service based on the client workload identities that are automatically issued to all workloads in the mesh. ## Enforce Layer 4 authorizati... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/getting-started/enforce-auth-policies/index.md | master | istio | [
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as you're explicitly allowing GET requests from the curl pod $ kubectl exec deploy/curl -- curl -s http://productpage:9080/productpage | grep -o ".\*" Simple Bookstore App {{< /text >}} ## Next steps With the waypoint proxy in place, you can now enforce Layer 7 policies in the namespace. In addition to authorization po... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/getting-started/enforce-auth-policies/index.md | master | istio | [
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If you no longer need Istio and associated resources, you can delete them by following the steps in this section. ## Remove waypoint proxies To remove all waypoint proxies run the following commands: {{< text bash >}} $ kubectl label namespace default istio.io/use-waypoint- $ istioctl waypoint delete --all {{< /text >}... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/getting-started/cleanup/index.md | master | istio | [
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Adding applications to an ambient mesh is as simple as labeling the namespace where the application resides. By adding the applications to the mesh, you automatically secure the communication between them and Istio starts gathering TCP telemetry. And no, you don't need to restart or redeploy the applications! ## Add Bo... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/getting-started/secure-and-visualize/index.md | master | istio | [
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In \*\*ambient mode\*\*, Istio implements its [features](/docs/concepts) using a per-node Layer 4 (L4) proxy, and optionally a per-namespace Layer 7 (L7) proxy. This layered approach allows you to adopt Istio in a more incremental fashion, smoothly transitioning from no mesh, to a secure L4 overlay, to full L7 processi... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/overview/index.md | master | istio | [
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routing) | ztunnel and waypoint proxies | | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/ambient/overview/index.md | master | istio | [
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As you saw in the previous module, Istio enhances Kubernetes by giving you the functionality to more effectively operate your microservices. In this module you enable Istio on a single microservice, `productpage`. The rest of the application will continue to operate as before. Note that you can enable Istio gradually, ... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/examples/microservices-istio/add-istio/index.md | master | istio | [
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custom URL you set in your `/etc/hosts` file [previously](/docs/examples/microservices-istio/bookinfo-kubernetes/#update-your-etc-hosts-configuration-file): {{< text plain >}} http://my-istio-dashboard.io/dashboard/db/istio-mesh-dashboard {{< /text >}} In the top left drop-down menu, select \_Istio Mesh Dashboard\_. {{... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/examples/microservices-istio/add-istio/index.md | master | istio | [
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{{< boilerplate work-in-progress >}} In this module you prepare your local computer for the tutorial. 1. Install [`curl`](https://curl.haxx.se/download.html). 1. Install [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/download/). 1. Install [Docker](https://docs.docker.com/install/). 1. Install [`kubectl`](https://kubernetes.io/docs/t... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/examples/microservices-istio/setup-local-computer/index.md | master | istio | [
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Monitoring is crucial to support transitioning to the microservices architecture style. With Istio, you gain monitoring of the traffic between microservices by default. You can use the Istio Dashboard for monitoring your microservices in real time. Istio is integrated out-of-the-box with [Prometheus time series databas... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/examples/microservices-istio/logs-istio/index.md | master | istio | [
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In this module, you deploy a new version of the `reviews` service, `\_v2\_`, which will return the number and star color of ratings provided by reviewers. In a real-world scenario, before you deploy, you would perform static analysis tests, unit tests, integration tests, end-to-end tests and tests in a staging environm... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/examples/microservices-istio/add-new-microservice-version/index.md | master | istio | [
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1. If you encounter any problems with the new version in a real-world scenario, you could quickly undeploy the new version, so only the old version will be used: {{< text bash >}} $ kubectl delete deployment reviews-v2 $ kubectl delete pod -l app=reviews,version=v2 deployment.apps "reviews-v2" deleted pod "reviews-v2-7... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/examples/microservices-istio/add-new-microservice-version/index.md | master | istio | [
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tasks mentioned here and more. In the next modules, you explore various Istio features. You are ready to [enable Istio on `productpage`](/docs/examples/microservices-istio/add-istio/). | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/examples/microservices-istio/add-new-microservice-version/index.md | master | istio | [
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{{< boilerplate work-in-progress >}} For this tutorial you need a Kubernetes cluster with a namespace for the tutorial's modules and a local computer to run the commands. If you have your own cluster, ensure your cluster satisfies the prerequisites. If you are in a workshop and the instructors provide a cluster, let th... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/examples/microservices-istio/prereq/index.md | master | istio | [
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{{< boilerplate work-in-progress >}} This module shows you an application composed of four microservices written in different programming languages: `productpage`, `details`, `ratings` and `reviews`. We call the composed application `Bookinfo`, and you can learn more about it on the [Bookinfo example](/docs/examples/bo... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/examples/microservices-istio/bookinfo-kubernetes/index.md | master | istio | [
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1. Create a Kubernetes Ingress resource: {{< text bash >}} $ kubectl apply -f - <}} ### Update your `/etc/hosts` configuration file 1. Get the IP address for the Kubernetes ingress named `bookinfo`: {{< text bash >}} $ kubectl get ingress bookinfo {{< /text >}} 1. In your `/etc/hosts` file, add the previous IP address ... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/examples/microservices-istio/bookinfo-kubernetes/index.md | master | istio | [
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{{< boilerplate work-in-progress >}} This module shows how you create a [Docker](https://www.docker.com) image and run it locally. 1. Download the [`Dockerfile`](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/) for the `ratings` microservice. {{< text bash >}} $ curl -s {{< github\_file >}}/samples/bookinfo/src/ratin... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/examples/microservices-istio/package-service/index.md | master | istio | [
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{{< boilerplate work-in-progress >}} Before the advent of microservice architecture, development teams built, deployed and ran the whole application as one large chunk of software. To test a small change in their module not merely by unit testing, the developers had to build the whole application. Therefore the builds ... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/examples/microservices-istio/single/index.md | master | istio | [
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start /tmp/ratings > node ratings.js "9080" Server listening on: http://0.0.0.0:9080 {{< /text >}} {{< tip >}} The `ratings` service is a web app and you can communicate with it as you would with any other web app. You can use a browser or a command line web client like [`curl`](https://curl.haxx.se) or [`Wget`](https:... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/examples/microservices-istio/single/index.md | master | istio | [
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Previously, you enabled Istio on a single microservice, `productpage`. You can proceed to enable Istio on the microservices incrementally to get the Istio functionality for more microservices. For the purpose of this tutorial, you will enable Istio on all the remaining microservices in one step. 1. For the purpose of t... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/examples/microservices-istio/enable-istio-all-microservices/index.md | master | istio | [
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{{< boilerplate work-in-progress >}} In this module, you set up a Kubernetes cluster that has Istio installed and a namespace to use throughout the tutorial. {{< warning >}} If you are in a workshop and the instructors provide a cluster for you, proceed to [setting up your local computer](/docs/examples/microservices-i... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/examples/microservices-istio/setup-kubernetes-cluster/index.md | master | istio | [
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config view -o jsonpath="{.clusters[?(.name==\"$(kubectl config view -o jsonpath="{.contexts[?(.name==\"$(kubectl config current-context)\")].context.cluster}")\")].cluster.server}") name: ${NAMESPACE}-cluster users: - name: ${NAMESPACE}-user user: as-user-extra: {} client-key-data: $(kubectl get secret $(kubectl get s... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/examples/microservices-istio/setup-kubernetes-cluster/index.md | master | istio | [
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Until now, you used a Kubernetes Ingress to access your application from the outside. In this module, you configure the traffic to enter through an Istio ingress gateway, in order to apply Istio control on traffic to your microservices. 1. Store the name of your namespace in the `NAMESPACE` environment variable. You wi... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/examples/microservices-istio/istio-ingress-gateway/index.md | master | istio | [
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{{< boilerplate work-in-progress >}} Test your microservice, in production! ## Testing individual microservices 1. Issue an HTTP request from the testing pod to one of your services: {{< text bash >}} $ kubectl exec $(kubectl get pod -l app=curl -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}') -- curl -sS http://ratings:9080/r... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/examples/microservices-istio/production-testing/index.md | master | istio | [
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This example deploys a sample application composed of four separate microservices used to demonstrate various Istio features. {{< tip >}} If you installed Istio using the [Getting Started](/docs/setup/getting-started/) instructions, you already have Bookinfo installed and you can skip most of these steps and go directl... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/examples/bookinfo/index.md | master | istio | [
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{{< text bash >}} $ kubectl get services NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE details ClusterIP 10.0.0.31 9080/TCP 6m kubernetes ClusterIP 10.0.0.1 443/TCP 7d productpage ClusterIP 10.0.0.120 9080/TCP 6m ratings ClusterIP 10.0.0.15 9080/TCP 6m reviews ClusterIP 10.0.0.170 9080/TCP 6m {{< /text >}} and {{< text ... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/examples/bookinfo/index.md | master | istio | [
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Bookinfo services: {{< text bash >}} $ kubectl apply -f @samples/bookinfo/networking/destination-rule-all.yaml@ {{< /text >}} {{< tip >}} The `default` and `demo` [configuration profiles](/docs/setup/additional-setup/config-profiles/) have [auto mutual TLS](/docs/tasks/security/authentication/authn-policy/#auto-mutual-... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/examples/bookinfo/index.md | master | istio | [
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This example deploys the Bookinfo application across Kubernetes with one service running on a virtual machine (VM), and illustrates how to control this infrastructure as a single mesh. ## Overview {{< image width="80%" link="./vm-bookinfo.svg" caption="Bookinfo running on VMs" >}} ## Before you begin - Setup Istio by f... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/examples/virtual-machines/index.md | master | istio | [
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`Bookinfo` sample application and its configuration following the steps in [`Bookinfo` cleanup](/docs/examples/bookinfo/#cleanup). - Delete the `mysqldb` Service: {{< text syntax=bash snip\_id=none >}} $ kubectl delete service mysqldb {{< /text >}} - Cleanup the VM following the steps in [virtual-machine uninstall](/do... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/examples/virtual-machines/index.md | master | istio | [
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Breaking down a monolithic application into atomic services offers various benefits, including better agility, better scalability and better ability to reuse services. However, microservices also have particular security needs: - To defend against man-in-the-middle attacks, they need traffic encryption. - To provide fl... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/concepts/security/index.md | master | istio | [
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existing service account just like the identities that the customer's Identity Directory manages. ## Identity and certificate management {#pki} Istio securely provisions strong identities to every workload with X.509 certificates. Istio agents, running alongside each Envoy proxy, work together with `istiod` to automate... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/concepts/security/index.md | master | istio | [
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Auth](https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/) - [Google Auth](https://developers.google.com/identity/protocols/OpenIDConnect) In all cases, Istio stores the authentication policies in the `Istio config store` via a custom Kubernetes API. {{< gloss >}}Istiod{{< /gloss >}} keeps them up-to-date for each proxy, along with... | https://github.com/istio/istio.io/blob/master/content/en/docs/concepts/security/index.md | master | istio | [
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