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Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. balb / c female mice ( 68 week old ) were obtained from jackson laboratory . animal use conformed to institutional guidelines of weill cornell medical college and the feinstein institute for medical research . mice were immunized with mult...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. locally advanced breast cancer ( labc ) is defined by presence of a large primary tumor ( > 5 cm or t3 ) , associated with or without skin or chest - wall involvement ( t4 ) or with fixed ( matted ) axillary lymph nodes or with disease spr...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. hearing loss is among the three most prevalent conditions worldwide , with around 636.5 million people suffering from a certain degree of hearing loss1 . it is estimated that in brazil , 6.8% of the population suffers from disabling hearin...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. this retrospective , hospital - based , observational study was carried out from august 2014 to july 2015 after obtaining necessary permission from the institutional ethics committee . diagnosed all patients admitted to the department of c...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. the latest several decades have witnessed the progress in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock , acute organ dysfunction and consequential multiple organ dysfunction , however , cardiovascular dysfunction due to severe infection...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. protein protein interactions are essential to the function of the ubiquitous xenobiotic - metabolizing cytochrome p450 monooxygenases , or cyps . classic studies have demonstrated the importance of cyp interactions with the access...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. methods and any associated references are available in the online version of the paper at http://www.nature.com / naturemethods/. difference in optimal collision energies for identification and quantification supplementary note real - time...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. with the improvement of diagnostic imaging , the incidence of uia diagnosis is increasing , along with the national cost containment pressures associated with treatment and management . economic considerations are important in the cost - b...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. intensive care requires not only the use of sophisticated equipment but also highly skilled and dedicated healthcare staff . as such , the intensive care unit ( icu ) takes a significant proportion of the total healthcare cost , and theref...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. colorectal cancer ( crc ) is one of the most prevalent cancer , along with lung and breast cancers . in 2012 , approximately 1.4 million new cases and 700,000 crc - related deaths were estimated worldwide ( 1 ) . over the last decade , crc...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. the majority of swallowed indigestible foreign bodies pass through the gastrointestinal tract without complications [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ] . however , there are three physiological narrowings involving the pylorus , duodenal c - loop and ileoce...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. stress cardiomyopathy ( scm ) is an acute cardiac syndrome resembling st - segment elevation myocardial infarction characterized by decreased wall motion in the apical and midportion of the left ventricle ( lv ) . these abnormalities exten...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. solitary fibrous tumor ( sft ) is a rare neoplasm that was initially described in the visceral pleura and subsequently reported in extrapleural sites including the pericardium , peritoneum , mediastinum , lung , upper respiratory tract , t...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. rufinamide ( 1-[(2,6-difluorophenyl)methyl]-1hydro-1,2,3-triazole-4 carboxamide ) is a novel antiepileptic drug ( aed ) that is structurally distinct from other aeds available on the market ( levy et al 2002a ) . an application was filed b...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. a 55-year - old man presented at our emergency department with sudden - onset sharp chest pain that had started two hours previously . he also complained of progressive swelling and bruising on his neck , and the development of dysphagia a...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. these include isolates from disease outbreaks in africa , europe , the caribbean , and , more recently , from the russian / trans - caucasian epizootic and attenuated variants . in brief , swine red bone marrow cell culture was used for as...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. entrapment of the ulnar nerve in the elbow region is the second most common compression neuropathy in the upper extremity . many procedures have been advocated for decompression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow , including anterior subcutan...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. as part of a 629-patient , randomized , double - blind , multicenter clinical trial , 89 patients seen at the foothills medical center ( calgary , canada ) receive a 10-day course of vancomycin 125 mg 4 times daily or 200 mg twice daily ...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) is a powerful noninvasive imaging technique , providing high - resolution anatomical images with excellent soft - tissue contrast . a large fraction of mri studies utilize a contrast agent , e.g. , ...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. in the previous issue of critical care , kmpers and colleagues demonstrated a direct correlation between increased peripheral blood levels of the vascular growth factor , angiopoietin ( angpt)-2 , and mortality in 43 critically ill adult...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. we compared monthly listeriosis data from england and wales with temperature records from 1989 through 2007 to determine the influence of various potential predictors on the number of listeriosis cases . uk health protection agency ( hpa )...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. attachment is a relatively stable emotional bond which is created between child and mother or those with whom an infant regularly interacts . parents responses to the signs of child 's attachment behavior and their availability in stressfu...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. human acute radiation syndrome ( ars ) follows intense , acute whole - body or significant partial - body radiation , of doses > 1 gy , delivered at relatively high rates . clinical components of ars include the hematopoietic sub - syndrom...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. neural plasticity refers to the capacity of our brain to change in response to internal demand and/or external experience . burgeoning research has corroborated that the neural plastic changes induced in our brains and behaviors are specif...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. chemically , phloroglucinol ( 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene , pg ) and its methylated derivative tri - o - methylphloroglucinol ( tmp ) , figure 1 , are established pharmaceutical agents inhibit the action of catechol - o - methyl transferase , ...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. fibromyalgia ( fm ) , which affects at least 10 million american adults , is a multisymptom condition resulting in not only widespread chronic pain , but also fatigue , sleep disturbances , and morning stiffness . in addition , many patien...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. plx4032 was synthesized using the general procedures previously described.6 expression and purification of b - raf , structure determination , protein kinase activity measurements , and xenograft studies were carried out as previously desc...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. the localization and subsequent translation of mrna are important means of regulating gene expression with high spatial and temporal control . in neurons , targeting mrna to specific sites and synthesizing proteins where and when they are ...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. the modern world is an interconnected mesh of networks satisfying a myriad of functions : transportation , electrical power , food distribution , finance , and health care to name a few . the interoperability of these networks developed as...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. retinoblastoma ( rb ) is a primary intraocular tumor that is most commonly malignant in childhood ; this condition arises from primitive neural retinal cells destined to become photoreceptors and corresponds to 11% of all cancers in the fi...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. the nose is a central structure of the face , so attempts to reconstruct ideal form and esthetics can be complicated . the majority of patients with cleft lip nose deformity require augmentation rhinoplasty for a more balanced nasal dorsum...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. prostate cancer ( pca ) is a frequent cancer that can be cured if early diagnosed ( 1 ) . prostate specific antigen ( psa ) has become an important tool in pca screening ( 2 , 3 ) and men with serum psa greater than 4ng / ml are at higher ...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms ( mpns ) are rare hematologic diseases characterized by the clonal proliferation of mature blood elements from several myeloid lineages , associated in certain cases with bone marrow fibrosis , splenome...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. charcot neuropathic osteoarthropathy ( cn ) is a chronic , progressive condition of bones , joints , and soft tissues , most commonly occurring in the area of the foot and ankle as a result of peripheral neuropathy . it is characterized by...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. packaging is a link connecting production with marketing whereby the goods reach from the production center to the consumers in a safe and sound condition with a minimum overall cost . packaging can also be defined as the coordinated syste...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. chemotherapeutic drugs , alone or as an adjuvant therapy to surgery and radiation , are a vital part in cancer treatment . however , their effectiveness is often offset by severe side effects caused by poor selectivity and toxicity...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. about 28 million people live in areas at risk of chagas disease , 1114.5 million of whom are affected worldwide . trypanosoma cruzi , the pathogen that causes chagas disease , is found in most south american countries , representing an imp...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus ( cti ) for the treatment of atrial flutter ( afl ) has become standard practice . most of the procedures are performed using radiofrequency energy ( rf ) [ 15 ] . high chronic success rates are descri...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. an anal fistula is a chronic phase of anorectal sepsis and is characterized by chronic purulent drainage or cyclical pain associated with abscess formation , followed by intermittent spontaneous decompression [ 1 , 2 ] . the goals in the t...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. a growing body of evidence demonstrates that susceptibility and progression of both acute and chronic central nervous system ( cns ) disease is closely associated with an innate immune response that can manifest from either direct infectio...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. assessing the degree of walking independence among inpatients is one of the important roles of physical therapists . overestimation of a patient s ability to walk can result in falls , whereas underestimation can lead to disuse syndrom...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. data were obtained through an internet survey of u.s . adults self - identified as taking insulin to treat type 1 or type 2 diabetes ; the survey was conducted 13 june to 7 july 2008 by harris interactive , a contract research organization...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. otosclerosis is a primary , hereditary , localized , metabolic bone disease of bone derived only from the bony otic capsule . it is characterized by alternating phases of abnormal removal of mature bone of the otic capsule by osteoclasts ,...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. osteoma is a benign osteogenic lesion , which was first described as a specific entity by jaffe in 1935 . in the course of their slow but steady increase in size , osteomas of the maxillofacial bones remain asymptomatic until they attain s...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. fig fruit represents an important constituent of the diet , because of their nutritional and medicinal values . this type of diet is considered one of the healthiest and is associated with longevity . figs are an excellent source of minera...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. unintentional durotomy is a frequent complication of spinal surgical procedures , with a rate as high as 17% ( 1 ) . a small percentage of patients with unintentional durotomy sustain intracranial haemorrhage , likely due to an alteration ...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. it seems that complications of vitamin d deficiency have been completely removed by having enriched food by vitamin d , but rachitism is the top of iceberg of vitamin d deficiency . vitamin d deficiency can also causes osteopenia , osteopo...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. prior to the availability of potent antiretroviral ( arv ) therapy , human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( hiv-1 ) infection was notable for the inevitable progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( aids)-defining events and death...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. surgical instruments and materials continue to be retained in the peritoneal cavity despite precautionary measures . even though uncommon it is also under - reported and carries serious medico - legal consequences . gauzes and sponges ( go...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. like many developed nations and even some developing ones , jamaica is able to boast of its notable achievement in progress made toward advancing the health status of its populace , during the twentieth century which are expressed in the ...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. they were randomized to placebo , metformin ( 850 mg twice daily ) , or a lifestyle intervention . the participants mean age was 51 years and mean bmi was 34.0 kg / m , 68% were women , and 45% belonged to u.s . the lifestyle and metformin...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. pentalogy of cantrell is a rare multiple congenital malformation which occurs worldwide with a reported incidence of 5.5 per million live births.1 the exact cause is not known but is mainly thought to be sporadic , though its being associa...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. pustulotic arthro - osteitis ( pao ) was first described by sonozaki.it is a relatively rare disease a 53-year - old woman was admitted to our department in february 2007 with a pustular rash affecting the palms and soles . inflammation an...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. shingles , also called herpes zoster ( hz ) , is a common viral disease . psoriasis is another common , chronic relapsing and remitting inflammatory disease that involves the skin and joints with an overall prevalence of 2% to 3% of the wo...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. subtilosin is a ribosomally - synthesized cyclopeptide produced by bacillus subtilis atcc 6633 and a recently identified natural isolate of bacillus amyloliquefaciens [ 1 , 2 ] . this protein has a unique structure among bacterio...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. lymphangioma is a developmental malformation of lymphatic tissue , characterized by submucosal tumors covered with normal mucosa.1 these benign tumors are commonly found in children , and although they may develop anywhere , the tumors are...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. drawings were collected and analysed as evidence for specific kinds of mental activity in the context of early child psychology , beginning in the 1870s . researchers distinguished children s image production from subjective artistic e...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. the nuclear receptors comprise a family of transcriptional regulators involved in a wide variety of biological processes such as embryonic development , differentiation and homeostasis [ 1 , 2 ] . the family includes ligand - dependent zin...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. we report involvement of unusual site in ilio - acetabular region with breach in articular cartilage . intra - operatively breach in acetabular roof was seen which was missed in the scan . this case report emphasizes about the rarity of th...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. uterine malformations can cause amenorrhea , infertility , recurrent pregnancy loss and pain and can also be normally functioning , depending on the nature of the defect [ 13,5 ] . the prevalence of uterine malformation is estimated to be ...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. a 19-year - old female with no significant past medical history or medication use presented to our hospital in april 2010 with severe nephrotic syndrome characterized by marked fluid retention , heavy proteinuria ( protein : creatinine rat...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. among all emergency cases the ratio of incarcerated / strangulated hernias differs across the countries . but it is well known that hernia is the common cause of small bowel obstruction , and mortality and morbidity rates increase in case ...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. iran is in the thalassemic belt with a frequency of about 6 -10% in the northern and southern provinces ( 1 ) . cancer antigen 15.3 ( ca15.3 ) , a product of muc1 gene ; is an epithelial mucin and its high level is associated with breast c...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. the accelerated emergence of antibiotic resistance among the prevalent pathogens is of global health concern . enterococcus , is one such pathogen which is the leading cause of nosocomial bacteremia , urinary tract infections ( uti ) , and...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. the wideness of interest of a scientific discipline , and its impact on knowledge and the research progress may be estimated through the number of journals issued in its field , the quantity of articles published in a given timespan , and ...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. candidemia and invasive candidiasis ( c / ic ) show an increasing incidence in the nosocomial setting . the crude mortality of those infections ranges between 36%63% depending on patient population.14 comorbidities , aging and age - associ...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty was introduced by gruntzig in the late 1970s as an alternative to coronary artery bypass graft surgery for coronary revascularization.1 since then , percutaneous coronary intervention ( pci ) ...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. the modern concept of decompression for traumatic brain injury ( tbi ) was introduced by harvey cushing before world war i . the monro - kellie hypothesis dictates that the amount of space within the skull is constant ; therefore , when th...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. a 32-year male patient presented to the ed with severe dyspnea and agitation at 2:00 a.m. the patient was placed in orthopnea position and oxygen was administered . blood pressure was 165/50 mmhg , heart rate was 113 bpm , body temperature...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. debilitating conditions , such as disc herniation or lumbar spinal stenosis , are one of the most common causes of lumbago and lumbar radiculopathy . it may be easily recognized by their clinical symptoms and signs . magnetic resonance ima...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. salmonella was the most common cause of foodborne outbreaks ( fbos ) in the european union ( eu ) in 2013 , with 1168 fbos of human salmonellosis reported by 22 member states , accounting for 22.5% of all notified outbreaks of foodborne il...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. peripheral nerve injuries are commonly caused by trauma to the upper limbs and are present in an estimated 23% of all patients admitted to a level 1 trauma center ( noble et al . , 1998 ) . the economic impact of nerve injuries can be larg...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. synaptic plasticity or long - lasting alterations in the efficacy of synaptic connections between two neurons has been proposed to be the cellular substrate of learning and memory ( malinow and malenka , 2002 ; bredt and nicoll , 2003 ; co...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. . main cause of acs is intra abdominal hypertension ( iah ) due to various factors such as abdominal surgery , ileus , intestinal obstruction , intraabdominal malignancy , and organomegaly . the most important clinical presentations of acs...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. lyme disease is a worldwide - distributed multisystem animal - borne disease , caused by borrelia burgdorferi ( bb ) sensu lato ( gram - negative spirochaetes ) which is a group of at least 12 closely related species . recent evidence show...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. poly(3-hydroxybutyrate ) , p(3hb ) is a biodegradable thermoplastic polyester accumulated intracellularly by many microorganisms under unfavorable growth conditions . the high production cost of p(3hb ) can be decreased by strain developme...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. a substantial body of evidence indicates , that low - grade inflammation in the vascular endothelium promotes atherogenesis [ 1 , 2 ] . this is indirectly evidenced by the fact that several inflammatory markers are linked to an incre...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between cartilage , ligament , and meniscus degeneration and radiographic alignment in severe varus knee osteoarthritis in order to understand the development of varus knee osteoarthrit...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. the alarming increase in overweight and obesity has played a pivotal role in the rise of type 2 diabetes prevalence . the obesity epidemic has also been associated with an increased prevalence of sleep disturbances , particularly obstructi...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. peripheral veno - arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ( va - ecmo ) is increasingly used in acute , severe cardiogenic shock refractory to conventional therapy . although percutaneous femoral insertion of va - ecmo is straightforw...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. gas storage in porous materials is a desirable technology that has been significantly developed in recent years , owing to its potential to address numerous persisting challenges in a number of industrial applications related to en...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. each year , an estimated 10 million health care office visits to gynecologists are due to vulvovaginitis . vulvovaginitis refers to a variety of inflammatory lower genital tract disorders that may be secondary to infection , irritation , a...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. we retrospectively reviewed the cholangiographic findings and hospital records of 67 patients who between january 1997 and may 1999 had undergone metallic biliary stent placement for the palliation of malignant extrahepatic strictures incl...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. they may have similar presentations but possibly different treatment modalities , ie , hysterectomy for adenomyosis versus conservative management or hysterectomy for leiomyomas , or both . however , only limited studies have been performe...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. the utility of this model stems from the fact that few assumptions are needed to determine hazard ratios based on the coefficients . the stratified cox ( sc ) model is a modification of the cox ph model , which allows for control by stra...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. despite many promising lupus treatments reaching early - phase human studies over the past several decades , none except belimumab has yet demonstrated efficacy in phase iii trials . attempts to explain the disappointing results of most cl...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. treatment of elbow dislocation with irreparable radial head fracture needs replacement of radial head to achieve stability of elbow . an alternate method in cases of elbow dislocation with radial head fracture can be resection of radial he...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. ld is a nationally notifiable condition , and cases are reported by state and local health departments to the centers for disease control and prevention ( cdc ) through the national notifiable diseases surveillance system in accordance wit...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. chronic cardiovascular diseases ( cvds ) are considered the leading cause of mortality worldwide ( 1,2 ) . mortalities by cvds occur mainly due to coronary heart disease ( chd ) , stroke , rheumatic heart , and myocardial infarction ( mi )...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. previously documented sites of primary disease include the ovaries , melanoma , breast , lung and the colon and are typically associated with high disease burden . splenic metastases from the colon involving low levels of disease burden ar...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. recent advances in repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms ( taaa ) allow one to choose between three therapeutic options : conventional open surgery , a hybrid open - endovascular procedure or endovascular repair . despite significant...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. renal cell carcinoma ( rcc ) may metastasize to any site of the body , but clinically evident metastatic intestinal involvement by rcc is extremely rare . to our knowledge , simultaneous duodenal and colonic metastases have not been report...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease of undetermined cause which is characterized by the widespread presence of non - caseating granuloma . autopsy - based series report prevalence rates of renal involvement between 7 and 27% , and the dis...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. although the basic principles of resuscitation were described by versalius more than 500 years ago , the practice of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in its modern form only starts 50 years ago . despite advances in the understanding and prac...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. myctophids ( myctophidae ) are mesopelagic fishes distributed in all the world s oceans ( dalpadado and gjster 1988 ; cherel et al . 2010 ) , playing an important role in the marine ecosystems ( gjster and kawaguchi 1980 ; cherel et al . 2...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. acute liver failure ( alf ) can occur as a result of various etiologies including hepatic injury by drugs and poison , viral hepatitis , ischemia , or other causes . the mechanisms by which liver cells are destroyed as well as the processe...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. age - related macular degeneration ( amd ) is subdivided into the dry form and the wet form . according to bressler et al . the minimally classic / occult trial of the anti - vegf antibody ranibizumab in the treatment of neovascular age - ...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. few similar cases are reported in literature but none of them is associated with mirizzi syndrome . radiological images could help the surgeon to choose the surgical strategy and to evaluate the presence of associated diseases . in our cas...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. neglected tropical diseases ( ntds ) is an umbrella term used to describe infectious diseases that primarily affect low - income populations in tropical regions and are often widespread , chronic , and debilitating . although the number of...
Instruction: Using the provided medical research article, generate a summary. severely obese adults seeking lifestyle interventions report impaired physical , mental , and obesity - specific quality of life ( qol ) [ 13 ] . thus , several studies have included qol as a primary outcome in evaluation of multicomponent...