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pValue = PyObject_CallObject(pFunc, pArgs); Upon return of the function, ``pValue`` is either ``NULL`` or it contains a reference to the return value of the function. Be sure to release the reference after examining the value.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
pValue = PyObject_CallObject(pFunc, pArgs); Upon return of the function, ``pValue`` is either ``NULL`` or it contains a reference to the return value of the function. Be sure to release the reference after examining the value.
pValue = PyObject_CallObject(pFunc, pArgs); Upon return of the function, ``pValue`` is either ``NULL`` or it contains a reference to the return value of the function. Be sure to release the reference after examining the value.
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intent. Most topics discussed in the previous chapters are still valid. To show this, consider what the extension code from Python to C really does: #. Convert data values from Python to C,
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
intent. Most topics discussed in the previous chapters are still valid. To show this, consider what the extension code from Python to C really does: #. Convert data values from Python to C,
intent. Most topics discussed in the previous chapters are still valid. To show this, consider what the extension code from Python to C really does: #. Convert data values from Python to C,
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Return the number of arguments of the application command line */ static PyObject* emb_numargs(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) { if(!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ":numargs")) return NULL; return PyLong_FromLong(numargs); } static PyMethodDef emb_module_methods[] = { {"numargs", emb_numargs, METH_VARARGS, "Return the number...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
Return the number of arguments of the application command line */ static PyObject* emb_numargs(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) { if(!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ":numargs")) return NULL; return PyLong_FromLong(numargs); } static PyMethodDef emb_module_methods[] = { {"numargs", emb_numargs, METH_VARARGS, "Return the number...
Return the number of arguments of the application command line */ static PyObject* emb_numargs(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) { if(!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ":numargs")) return NULL; return PyLong_FromLong(numargs); } static PyMethodDef emb_module_methods[] = { {"numargs", emb_numargs, METH_VARARGS, "Return the number...
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Beyond Very High Level Embedding: An overview ============================================= The high level interface gives you the ability to execute arbitrary pieces of Python code from your application, but exchanging data values is quite cumbersome to say the least. If you want that, you should use lower level calls...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
Beyond Very High Level Embedding: An overview ============================================= The high level interface gives you the ability to execute arbitrary pieces of Python code from your application, but exchanging data values is quite cumbersome to say the least. If you want that, you should use lower level calls...
Beyond Very High Level Embedding: An overview ============================================= The high level interface gives you the ability to execute arbitrary pieces of Python code from your application, but exchanging data values is quite cumbersome to say the least. If you want that, you should use lower level calls...
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static PyMethodDef emb_module_methods[] = { {"numargs", emb_numargs, METH_VARARGS, "Return the number of arguments received by the process."}, {NULL, NULL, 0, NULL} }; static struct PyModuleDef emb_module = { .m_base = PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT, .m_name = "emb", .m_size = 0, .m_methods = emb_module_methods, };
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
static PyMethodDef emb_module_methods[] = { {"numargs", emb_numargs, METH_VARARGS, "Return the number of arguments received by the process."}, {NULL, NULL, 0, NULL} }; static struct PyModuleDef emb_module = { .m_base = PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT, .m_name = "emb", .m_size = 0, .m_methods = emb_module_methods, };
static PyMethodDef emb_module_methods[] = { {"numargs", emb_numargs, METH_VARARGS, "Return the number of arguments received by the process."}, {NULL, NULL, 0, NULL} }; static struct PyModuleDef emb_module = { .m_base = PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT, .m_name = "emb", .m_size = 0, .m_methods = emb_module_methods, };
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difference is the routine that you call between both data conversions. When extending, you call a C routine, when embedding, you call a Python routine. This chapter will not discuss how to convert data from Python to C and vice versa. Also, proper use of references and dealing with errors is assumed to be understood. S...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
difference is the routine that you call between both data conversions. When extending, you call a C routine, when embedding, you call a Python routine. This chapter will not discuss how to convert data from Python to C and vice versa. Also, proper use of references and dealing with errors is assumed to be understood. S...
difference is the routine that you call between both data conversions. When extending, you call a C routine, when embedding, you call a Python routine. This chapter will not discuss how to convert data from Python to C and vice versa. Also, proper use of references and dealing with errors is assumed to be understood. S...
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section about the very high level interface, the Python interpreter does not directly interact with the application (but that will change in the next section). The code to run a function defined in a Python script is:
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
section about the very high level interface, the Python interpreter does not directly interact with the application (but that will change in the next section). The code to run a function defined in a Python script is:
section about the very high level interface, the Python interpreter does not directly interact with the application (but that will change in the next section). The code to run a function defined in a Python script is:
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Pure Embedding ============== The first program aims to execute a function in a Python script. Like in the section about the very high level interface, the Python interpreter does not directly interact with the application (but that will change in the next section).
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
Pure Embedding ============== The first program aims to execute a function in a Python script. Like in the section about the very high level interface, the Python interpreter does not directly interact with the application (but that will change in the next section).
Pure Embedding ============== The first program aims to execute a function in a Python script. Like in the section about the very high level interface, the Python interpreter does not directly interact with the application (but that will change in the next section).
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:c:func:`Py_Initialize`. There are optional calls to pass command line arguments to Python. Then later you can call the interpreter from any part of the application. There are several different ways to call the interpreter: you can pass a string containing Python statements to :c:func:`PyRun_SimpleString`, or you can p...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
:c:func:`Py_Initialize`. There are optional calls to pass command line arguments to Python. Then later you can call the interpreter from any part of the application. There are several different ways to call the interpreter: you can pass a string containing Python statements to :c:func:`PyRun_SimpleString`, or you can p...
:c:func:`Py_Initialize`. There are optional calls to pass command line arguments to Python. Then later you can call the interpreter from any part of the application. There are several different ways to call the interpreter: you can pass a string containing Python statements to :c:func:`PyRun_SimpleString`, or you can p...
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of ``int``. It is not necessary since Python 3.13, but we keep it here for backward compatibility. See :ref:`arg-parsing-string-and-buffers` for a description of this macro. Setting :c:member:`PyConfig.program_name` should be called before :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` to inform the interpreter about paths to Pytho...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
of ``int``. It is not necessary since Python 3.13, but we keep it here for backward compatibility. See :ref:`arg-parsing-string-and-buffers` for a description of this macro. Setting :c:member:`PyConfig.program_name` should be called before :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` to inform the interpreter about paths to Pytho...
of ``int``. It is not necessary since Python 3.13, but we keep it here for backward compatibility. See :ref:`arg-parsing-string-and-buffers` for a description of this macro. Setting :c:member:`PyConfig.program_name` should be called before :c:func:`Py_InitializeFromConfig` to inform the interpreter about paths to Pytho...
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the code is for data conversion between Python and C, and for error reporting. The interesting part with respect to embedding Python starts with :: Py_Initialize(); pName = PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault(argv[1]); /* Error checking of pName left out */ pModule = PyImport_Import(pName);
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
the code is for data conversion between Python and C, and for error reporting. The interesting part with respect to embedding Python starts with :: Py_Initialize(); pName = PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault(argv[1]); /* Error checking of pName left out */ pModule = PyImport_Import(pName);
the code is for data conversion between Python and C, and for error reporting. The interesting part with respect to embedding Python starts with :: Py_Initialize(); pName = PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault(argv[1]); /* Error checking of pName left out */ pModule = PyImport_Import(pName);
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.. literalinclude:: ../includes/run-func.c This code loads a Python script using ``argv[1]``, and calls the function named in ``argv[2]``. Its integer arguments are the other values of the ``argv`` array. If you :ref:`compile and link <compiling>` this program (let's call the finished executable :program:`call`), and u...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
.. literalinclude:: ../includes/run-func.c This code loads a Python script using ``argv[1]``, and calls the function named in ``argv[2]``. Its integer arguments are the other values of the ``argv`` array. If you :ref:`compile and link <compiling>` this program (let's call the finished executable :program:`call`), and u...
.. literalinclude:: ../includes/run-func.c This code loads a Python script using ``argv[1]``, and calls the function named in ``argv[2]``. Its integer arguments are the other values of the ``argv`` array. If you :ref:`compile and link <compiling>` this program (let's call the finished executable :program:`call`), and u...
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if (pFunc && PyCallable_Check(pFunc)) { ... } Py_XDECREF(pFunc); Once the script is loaded, the name we're looking for is retrieved using :c:func:`PyObject_GetAttrString`. If the name exists, and the object returned is callable, you can safely assume that it is a function. The program then proceeds by constructing a tu...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
if (pFunc && PyCallable_Check(pFunc)) { ... } Py_XDECREF(pFunc); Once the script is loaded, the name we're looking for is retrieved using :c:func:`PyObject_GetAttrString`. If the name exists, and the object returned is callable, you can safely assume that it is a function. The program then proceeds by constructing a tu...
if (pFunc && PyCallable_Check(pFunc)) { ... } Py_XDECREF(pFunc); Once the script is loaded, the name we're looking for is retrieved using :c:func:`PyObject_GetAttrString`. If the name exists, and the object returned is callable, you can safely assume that it is a function. The program then proceeds by constructing a tu...
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If you want that, you should use lower level calls. At the cost of having to write more C code, you can achieve almost anything. It should be noted that extending Python and embedding Python is quite the same activity, despite the different intent. Most topics discussed in the previous chapters are still valid. To show...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
If you want that, you should use lower level calls. At the cost of having to write more C code, you can achieve almost anything. It should be noted that extending Python and embedding Python is quite the same activity, despite the different intent. Most topics discussed in the previous chapters are still valid. To show...
If you want that, you should use lower level calls. At the cost of having to write more C code, you can achieve almost anything. It should be noted that extending Python and embedding Python is quite the same activity, despite the different intent. Most topics discussed in the previous chapters are still valid. To show...
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CPython Docs
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numargs = argc; PyImport_AppendInittab("emb", &PyInit_emb); These two lines initialize the ``numargs`` variable, and make the :func:`!emb.numargs` function accessible to the embedded Python interpreter. With these extensions, the Python script can do things like
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
numargs = argc; PyImport_AppendInittab("emb", &PyInit_emb); These two lines initialize the ``numargs`` variable, and make the :func:`!emb.numargs` function accessible to the embedded Python interpreter. With these extensions, the Python script can do things like
numargs = argc; PyImport_AppendInittab("emb", &PyInit_emb); These two lines initialize the ``numargs`` variable, and make the :func:`!emb.numargs` function accessible to the embedded Python interpreter. With these extensions, the Python script can do things like
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Embedding Python in C++ ======================= It is also possible to embed Python in a C++ program; precisely how this is done will depend on the details of the C++ system used; in general you will need to write the main program in C++, and use the C++ compiler to compile and link your program. There is no need to re...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
Embedding Python in C++ ======================= It is also possible to embed Python in a C++ program; precisely how this is done will depend on the details of the C++ system used; in general you will need to write the main program in C++, and use the C++ compiler to compile and link your program. There is no need to re...
Embedding Python in C++ ======================= It is also possible to embed Python in a C++ program; precisely how this is done will depend on the details of the C++ system used; in general you will need to write the main program in C++, and use the C++ compiler to compile and link your program. There is no need to re...
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*************************************** Embedding Python in Another Application *************************************** The previous chapters discussed how to extend Python, that is, how to extend the functionality of Python by attaching a library of C functions to it. It is also possible to do it the other way around:...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
*************************************** Embedding Python in Another Application *************************************** The previous chapters discussed how to extend Python, that is, how to extend the functionality of Python by attaching a library of C functions to it. It is also possible to do it the other way around:...
*************************************** Embedding Python in Another Application *************************************** The previous chapters discussed how to extend Python, that is, how to extend the functionality of Python by attaching a library of C functions to it. It is also possible to do it the other way around:...
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Extending Embedded Python ========================= Until now, the embedded Python interpreter had no access to functionality from the application itself. The Python API allows this by extending the embedded interpreter. That is, the embedded interpreter gets extended with routines provided by the application. While it...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
Extending Embedded Python ========================= Until now, the embedded Python interpreter had no access to functionality from the application itself. The Python API allows this by extending the embedded interpreter. That is, the embedded interpreter gets extended with routines provided by the application. While it...
Extending Embedded Python ========================= Until now, the embedded Python interpreter had no access to functionality from the application itself. The Python API allows this by extending the embedded interpreter. That is, the embedded interpreter gets extended with routines provided by the application. While it...
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the script is loaded using :c:func:`PyImport_Import`. This routine needs a Python string as its argument, which is constructed using the :c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault` data conversion routine. :: pFunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, argv[2]); /* pFunc is a new reference */
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
the script is loaded using :c:func:`PyImport_Import`. This routine needs a Python string as its argument, which is constructed using the :c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault` data conversion routine. :: pFunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, argv[2]); /* pFunc is a new reference */
the script is loaded using :c:func:`PyImport_Import`. This routine needs a Python string as its argument, which is constructed using the :c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault` data conversion routine. :: pFunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, argv[2]); /* pFunc is a new reference */
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#. Convert the data values from the call from Python to C. As you can see, the data conversion steps are simply swapped to accommodate the different direction of the cross-language transfer. The only difference is the routine that you call between both data conversions. When extending, you call a C routine, when embedd...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
#. Convert the data values from the call from Python to C. As you can see, the data conversion steps are simply swapped to accommodate the different direction of the cross-language transfer. The only difference is the routine that you call between both data conversions. When extending, you call a C routine, when embedd...
#. Convert the data values from the call from Python to C. As you can see, the data conversion steps are simply swapped to accommodate the different direction of the cross-language transfer. The only difference is the routine that you call between both data conversions. When extending, you call a C routine, when embedd...
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$ call multiply multiply 3 2 Will compute 3 times 2 Result of call: 6 Although the program is quite large for its functionality, most of the code is for data conversion between Python and C, and for error reporting. The interesting part with respect to embedding Python starts with ::
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
$ call multiply multiply 3 2 Will compute 3 times 2 Result of call: 6 Although the program is quite large for its functionality, most of the code is for data conversion between Python and C, and for error reporting. The interesting part with respect to embedding Python starts with ::
$ call multiply multiply 3 2 Will compute 3 times 2 Result of call: 6 Although the program is quite large for its functionality, most of the code is for data conversion between Python and C, and for error reporting. The interesting part with respect to embedding Python starts with ::
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program may have nothing to do with Python --- instead, some parts of the application occasionally call the Python interpreter to run some Python code. So if you are embedding Python, you are providing your own main program. One of the things this main program has to do is initialize the Python interpreter. At the very...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
program may have nothing to do with Python --- instead, some parts of the application occasionally call the Python interpreter to run some Python code. So if you are embedding Python, you are providing your own main program. One of the things this main program has to do is initialize the Python interpreter. At the very...
program may have nothing to do with Python --- instead, some parts of the application occasionally call the Python interpreter to run some Python code. So if you are embedding Python, you are providing your own main program. One of the things this main program has to do is initialize the Python interpreter. At the very...
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Guides for intermediate topics ============================== This section of the guide covers creating C and C++ extensions without assistance from third party tools. It is intended primarily for creators of those tools, rather than being a recommended way to create your own C extensions.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
Guides for intermediate topics ============================== This section of the guide covers creating C and C++ extensions without assistance from third party tools. It is intended primarily for creators of those tools, rather than being a recommended way to create your own C extensions.
Guides for intermediate topics ============================== This section of the guide covers creating C and C++ extensions without assistance from third party tools. It is intended primarily for creators of those tools, rather than being a recommended way to create your own C extensions.
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and link extension modules so that they can be loaded dynamically (at run time) into the interpreter, if the underlying operating system supports this feature. This document assumes basic knowledge about C and Python. For an informal introduction to Python, see :ref:`tutorial-index`. :ref:`reference-index` gives a more...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
and link extension modules so that they can be loaded dynamically (at run time) into the interpreter, if the underlying operating system supports this feature. This document assumes basic knowledge about C and Python. For an informal introduction to Python, see :ref:`tutorial-index`. :ref:`reference-index` gives a more...
and link extension modules so that they can be loaded dynamically (at run time) into the interpreter, if the underlying operating system supports this feature. This document assumes basic knowledge about C and Python. For an informal introduction to Python, see :ref:`tutorial-index`. :ref:`reference-index` gives a more...
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from third party tools. It is intended primarily for creators of those tools, rather than being a recommended way to create your own C extensions. * :ref:`extending-intro` * :ref:`defining-new-types` * :ref:`new-types-topics` * :ref:`building` * :ref:`building-on-windows`
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
from third party tools. It is intended primarily for creators of those tools, rather than being a recommended way to create your own C extensions. * :ref:`extending-intro` * :ref:`defining-new-types` * :ref:`new-types-topics` * :ref:`building` * :ref:`building-on-windows`
from third party tools. It is intended primarily for creators of those tools, rather than being a recommended way to create your own C extensions. * :ref:`extending-intro` * :ref:`defining-new-types` * :ref:`new-types-topics` * :ref:`building` * :ref:`building-on-windows`
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CPython Docs
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Recommended third party tools ============================= This document only covers the basic tools for creating extensions provided as part of this version of CPython. Some :ref:`third party tools <c-api-tools>` offer both simpler and more sophisticated approaches to creating C and C++ extensions for Python.
trusted_official_docs
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Recommended third party tools ============================= This document only covers the basic tools for creating extensions provided as part of this version of CPython. Some :ref:`third party tools <c-api-tools>` offer both simpler and more sophisticated approaches to creating C and C++ extensions for Python.
Recommended third party tools ============================= This document only covers the basic tools for creating extensions provided as part of this version of CPython. Some :ref:`third party tools <c-api-tools>` offer both simpler and more sophisticated approaches to creating C and C++ extensions for Python.
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the language. :ref:`library-index` documents the existing object types, functions and modules (both built-in and written in Python) that give the language its wide application range. For a detailed description of the whole Python/C API, see the separate :ref:`c-api-index`.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
the language. :ref:`library-index` documents the existing object types, functions and modules (both built-in and written in Python) that give the language its wide application range. For a detailed description of the whole Python/C API, see the separate :ref:`c-api-index`.
the language. :ref:`library-index` documents the existing object types, functions and modules (both built-in and written in Python) that give the language its wide application range. For a detailed description of the whole Python/C API, see the separate :ref:`c-api-index`.
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For a detailed description of the whole Python/C API, see the separate :ref:`c-api-index`. To support extensions, Python's C API (Application Programmers Interface) defines a set of functions, macros and variables that provide access to most aspects of the Python run-time system. The Python API is incorporated in a C s...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
For a detailed description of the whole Python/C API, see the separate :ref:`c-api-index`. To support extensions, Python's C API (Application Programmers Interface) defines a set of functions, macros and variables that provide access to most aspects of the Python run-time system. The Python API is incorporated in a C s...
For a detailed description of the whole Python/C API, see the separate :ref:`c-api-index`. To support extensions, Python's C API (Application Programmers Interface) defines a set of functions, macros and variables that provide access to most aspects of the Python run-time system. The Python API is incorporated in a C s...
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.. note:: The C extension interface is specific to CPython, and extension modules do not work on other Python implementations. In many cases, it is possible to avoid writing C extensions and preserve portability to other implementations. For example, if your use case is calling C library functions or system calls, y...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
.. note:: The C extension interface is specific to CPython, and extension modules do not work on other Python implementations. In many cases, it is possible to avoid writing C extensions and preserve portability to other implementations. For example, if your use case is calling C library functions or system calls, y...
.. note:: The C extension interface is specific to CPython, and extension modules do not work on other Python implementations. In many cases, it is possible to avoid writing C extensions and preserve portability to other implementations. For example, if your use case is calling C library functions or system calls, y...
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of this version of CPython. Some :ref:`third party tools <c-api-tools>` offer both simpler and more sophisticated approaches to creating C and C++ extensions for Python. While this document is aimed at extension authors, it should also be helpful to the authors of such tools. For example, the tutorial module can serve ...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
of this version of CPython. Some :ref:`third party tools <c-api-tools>` offer both simpler and more sophisticated approaches to creating C and C++ extensions for Python. While this document is aimed at extension authors, it should also be helpful to the authors of such tools. For example, the tutorial module can serve ...
of this version of CPython. Some :ref:`third party tools <c-api-tools>` offer both simpler and more sophisticated approaches to creating C and C++ extensions for Python. While this document is aimed at extension authors, it should also be helpful to the authors of such tools. For example, the tutorial module can serve ...
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CPython Docs
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Embedding the CPython runtime in a larger application ===================================================== Sometimes, rather than creating an extension that runs inside the Python interpreter as the main application, it is desirable to instead embed the CPython runtime inside a larger application. This section covers ...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
Embedding the CPython runtime in a larger application ===================================================== Sometimes, rather than creating an extension that runs inside the Python interpreter as the main application, it is desirable to instead embed the CPython runtime inside a larger application. This section covers ...
Embedding the CPython runtime in a larger application ===================================================== Sometimes, rather than creating an extension that runs inside the Python interpreter as the main application, it is desirable to instead embed the CPython runtime inside a larger application. This section covers ...
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C API Tutorial ============== This tutorial describes how to write a simple module in C or C++, using the Python C API -- that is, using the basic tools provided as part of this version of CPython.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
C API Tutorial ============== This tutorial describes how to write a simple module in C or C++, using the Python C API -- that is, using the basic tools provided as part of this version of CPython.
C API Tutorial ============== This tutorial describes how to write a simple module in C or C++, using the Python C API -- that is, using the basic tools provided as part of this version of CPython.
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CPython Docs
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################################################## Extending and Embedding the Python Interpreter ################################################## This document describes how to write modules in C or C++ to extend the Python interpreter with new modules. Those modules can do what Python code does -- define functions,...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
################################################## Extending and Embedding the Python Interpreter ################################################## This document describes how to write modules in C or C++ to extend the Python interpreter with new modules. Those modules can do what Python code does -- define functions,...
################################################## Extending and Embedding the Python Interpreter ################################################## This document describes how to write modules in C or C++ to extend the Python interpreter with new modules. Those modules can do what Python code does -- define functions,...
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CPython Docs
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Call the function :c:func:`PyRun_String` from the previous question with the start symbol :c:data:`Py_eval_input`; it parses an expression, evaluates it and returns its value. How do I extract C values from a Python object? -----------------------------------------------
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
Call the function :c:func:`PyRun_String` from the previous question with the start symbol :c:data:`Py_eval_input`; it parses an expression, evaluates it and returns its value. How do I extract C values from a Python object? -----------------------------------------------
Call the function :c:func:`PyRun_String` from the previous question with the start symbol :c:data:`Py_eval_input`; it parses an expression, evaluates it and returns its value. How do I extract C values from a Python object? -----------------------------------------------
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CPython Docs
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To test the type of an object, first make sure it isn't ``NULL``, and then use :c:func:`PyBytes_Check`, :c:func:`PyTuple_Check`, :c:func:`PyList_Check`, etc. There is also a high-level API to Python objects which is provided by the so-called 'abstract' interface -- read ``Include/abstract.h`` for further details. It al...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
To test the type of an object, first make sure it isn't ``NULL``, and then use :c:func:`PyBytes_Check`, :c:func:`PyTuple_Check`, :c:func:`PyList_Check`, etc. There is also a high-level API to Python objects which is provided by the so-called 'abstract' interface -- read ``Include/abstract.h`` for further details. It al...
To test the type of an object, first make sure it isn't ``NULL``, and then use :c:func:`PyBytes_Check`, :c:func:`PyTuple_Check`, :c:func:`PyList_Check`, etc. There is also a high-level API to Python objects which is provided by the so-called 'abstract' interface -- read ``Include/abstract.h`` for further details. It al...
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CPython Docs
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object. The parameters are the object, the name of the method to call, a format string like that used with :c:func:`Py_BuildValue`, and the argument values:: PyObject * PyObject_CallMethod(PyObject *object, const char *method_name, const char *arg_format, ...);
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
object. The parameters are the object, the name of the method to call, a format string like that used with :c:func:`Py_BuildValue`, and the argument values:: PyObject * PyObject_CallMethod(PyObject *object, const char *method_name, const char *arg_format, ...);
object. The parameters are the object, the name of the method to call, a format string like that used with :c:func:`Py_BuildValue`, and the argument values:: PyObject * PyObject_CallMethod(PyObject *object, const char *method_name, const char *arg_format, ...);
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How do I tell "incomplete input" from "invalid input"? ------------------------------------------------------ Sometimes you want to emulate the Python interactive interpreter's behavior, where it gives you a continuation prompt when the input is incomplete (e.g. you typed the start of an "if" statement or you didn't cl...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
How do I tell "incomplete input" from "invalid input"? ------------------------------------------------------ Sometimes you want to emulate the Python interactive interpreter's behavior, where it gives you a continuation prompt when the input is incomplete (e.g. you typed the start of an "if" statement or you didn't cl...
How do I tell "incomplete input" from "invalid input"? ------------------------------------------------------ Sometimes you want to emulate the Python interactive interpreter's behavior, where it gives you a continuation prompt when the input is incomplete (e.g. you typed the start of an "if" statement or you didn't cl...
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CPython Docs
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Python, relink it using g++ (change LINKCC in the Python Modules Makefile), and link your extension module using g++ (e.g., ``g++ -shared -o mymodule.so mymodule.o``). Can I create an object class with some methods implemented in C and others in Python (e.g. through inheritance)? ---------------------------------------...
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CPython Docs
Python, relink it using g++ (change LINKCC in the Python Modules Makefile), and link your extension module using g++ (e.g., ``g++ -shared -o mymodule.so mymodule.o``). Can I create an object class with some methods implemented in C and others in Python (e.g. through inheritance)? ---------------------------------------...
Python, relink it using g++ (change LINKCC in the Python Modules Makefile), and link your extension module using g++ (e.g., ``g++ -shared -o mymodule.so mymodule.o``). Can I create an object class with some methods implemented in C and others in Python (e.g. through inheritance)? ---------------------------------------...
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of ``sys.modules["<modulename>"]``. Note that it doesn't enter the module into any namespace -- it only ensures it has been initialized and is stored in :data:`sys.modules`. You can then access the module's attributes (i.e. any name defined in the module) as follows::
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
of ``sys.modules["<modulename>"]``. Note that it doesn't enter the module into any namespace -- it only ensures it has been initialized and is stored in :data:`sys.modules`. You can then access the module's attributes (i.e. any name defined in the module) as follows::
of ``sys.modules["<modulename>"]``. Note that it doesn't enter the module into any namespace -- it only ensures it has been initialized and is stored in :data:`sys.modules`. You can then access the module's attributes (i.e. any name defined in the module) as follows::
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This works for any object that has methods -- whether built-in or user-defined. You are responsible for eventually :c:func:`Py_DECREF`\ 'ing the return value. To call, e.g., a file object's "seek" method with arguments 10, 0 (assuming the file object pointer is "f")::
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
This works for any object that has methods -- whether built-in or user-defined. You are responsible for eventually :c:func:`Py_DECREF`\ 'ing the return value. To call, e.g., a file object's "seek" method with arguments 10, 0 (assuming the file object pointer is "f")::
This works for any object that has methods -- whether built-in or user-defined. You are responsible for eventually :c:func:`Py_DECREF`\ 'ing the return value. To call, e.g., a file object's "seek" method with arguments 10, 0 (assuming the file object pointer is "f")::
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How do I catch the output from PyErr_Print() (or anything that prints to stdout/stderr)? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In Python code, define an object that supports the ``write()`` method. Assign this object to :data:`sys.stdout` and :data:`sys.stderr`. Call p...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
How do I catch the output from PyErr_Print() (or anything that prints to stdout/stderr)? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In Python code, define an object that supports the ``write()`` method. Assign this object to :data:`sys.stdout` and :data:`sys.stderr`. Call p...
How do I catch the output from PyErr_Print() (or anything that prints to stdout/stderr)? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In Python code, define an object that supports the ``write()`` method. Assign this object to :data:`sys.stdout` and :data:`sys.stderr`. Call p...
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:data:`sys.stdout` and :data:`sys.stderr`. Call print_error, or just allow the standard traceback mechanism to work. Then, the output will go wherever your ``write()`` method sends it. The easiest way to do this is to use the :class:`io.StringIO` class:
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
:data:`sys.stdout` and :data:`sys.stderr`. Call print_error, or just allow the standard traceback mechanism to work. Then, the output will go wherever your ``write()`` method sends it. The easiest way to do this is to use the :class:`io.StringIO` class:
:data:`sys.stdout` and :data:`sys.stderr`. Call print_error, or just allow the standard traceback mechanism to work. Then, the output will go wherever your ``write()`` method sends it. The easiest way to do this is to use the :class:`io.StringIO` class:
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I added a module using the Setup file and the make fails; why? -------------------------------------------------------------- Setup must end in a newline, if there is no newline there, the build process fails. (Fixing this requires some ugly shell script hackery, and this bug is so minor that it doesn't seem worth the ...
trusted_official_docs
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I added a module using the Setup file and the make fails; why? -------------------------------------------------------------- Setup must end in a newline, if there is no newline there, the build process fails. (Fixing this requires some ugly shell script hackery, and this bug is so minor that it doesn't seem worth the ...
I added a module using the Setup file and the make fails; why? -------------------------------------------------------------- Setup must end in a newline, if there is no newline there, the build process fails. (Fixing this requires some ugly shell script hackery, and this bug is so minor that it doesn't seem worth the ...
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How do I find undefined g++ symbols __builtin_new or __pure_virtual? -------------------------------------------------------------------- To dynamically load g++ extension modules, you must recompile Python, relink it using g++ (change LINKCC in the Python Modules Makefile), and link your extension module using g++ (e....
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
How do I find undefined g++ symbols __builtin_new or __pure_virtual? -------------------------------------------------------------------- To dynamically load g++ extension modules, you must recompile Python, relink it using g++ (change LINKCC in the Python Modules Makefile), and link your extension module using g++ (e....
How do I find undefined g++ symbols __builtin_new or __pure_virtual? -------------------------------------------------------------------- To dynamically load g++ extension modules, you must recompile Python, relink it using g++ (change LINKCC in the Python Modules Makefile), and link your extension module using g++ (e....
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call a function without arguments, pass "()" for the format, and to call a function with one argument, surround the argument in parentheses, e.g. "(i)". How do I catch the output from PyErr_Print() (or anything that prints to stdout/stderr)? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
call a function without arguments, pass "()" for the format, and to call a function with one argument, surround the argument in parentheses, e.g. "(i)". How do I catch the output from PyErr_Print() (or anything that prints to stdout/stderr)? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------...
call a function without arguments, pass "()" for the format, and to call a function with one argument, surround the argument in parentheses, e.g. "(i)". How do I catch the output from PyErr_Print() (or anything that prints to stdout/stderr)? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------...
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what you're trying to do. :ref:`Recommended third party tools <c-api-tools>` offer both simpler and more sophisticated approaches to creating C and C++ extensions for Python. How can I execute arbitrary Python statements from C? -----------------------------------------------------
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
what you're trying to do. :ref:`Recommended third party tools <c-api-tools>` offer both simpler and more sophisticated approaches to creating C and C++ extensions for Python. How can I execute arbitrary Python statements from C? -----------------------------------------------------
what you're trying to do. :ref:`Recommended third party tools <c-api-tools>` offer both simpler and more sophisticated approaches to creating C and C++ extensions for Python. How can I execute arbitrary Python statements from C? -----------------------------------------------------
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To call, e.g., a file object's "seek" method with arguments 10, 0 (assuming the file object pointer is "f"):: res = PyObject_CallMethod(f, "seek", "(ii)", 10, 0); if (res == NULL) { ... an exception occurred ... } else { Py_DECREF(res); }
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
To call, e.g., a file object's "seek" method with arguments 10, 0 (assuming the file object pointer is "f"):: res = PyObject_CallMethod(f, "seek", "(ii)", 10, 0); if (res == NULL) { ... an exception occurred ... } else { Py_DECREF(res); }
To call, e.g., a file object's "seek" method with arguments 10, 0 (assuming the file object pointer is "f"):: res = PyObject_CallMethod(f, "seek", "(ii)", 10, 0); if (res == NULL) { ... an exception occurred ... } else { Py_DECREF(res); }
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provides a pointer to its value and its length. Note that Python bytes objects may contain null bytes so C's :c:func:`!strlen` should not be used. To test the type of an object, first make sure it isn't ``NULL``, and then use :c:func:`PyBytes_Check`, :c:func:`PyTuple_Check`, :c:func:`PyList_Check`, etc.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
provides a pointer to its value and its length. Note that Python bytes objects may contain null bytes so C's :c:func:`!strlen` should not be used. To test the type of an object, first make sure it isn't ``NULL``, and then use :c:func:`PyBytes_Check`, :c:func:`PyTuple_Check`, :c:func:`PyList_Check`, etc.
provides a pointer to its value and its length. Note that Python bytes objects may contain null bytes so C's :c:func:`!strlen` should not be used. To test the type of an object, first make sure it isn't ``NULL``, and then use :c:func:`PyBytes_Check`, :c:func:`PyTuple_Check`, :c:func:`PyList_Check`, etc.
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file://datasets/cpython/Doc/faq/extending.rst
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the build process fails. (Fixing this requires some ugly shell script hackery, and this bug is so minor that it doesn't seem worth the effort.) How do I debug an extension? ----------------------------
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
the build process fails. (Fixing this requires some ugly shell script hackery, and this bug is so minor that it doesn't seem worth the effort.) How do I debug an extension? ----------------------------
the build process fails. (Fixing this requires some ugly shell script hackery, and this bug is so minor that it doesn't seem worth the effort.) How do I debug an extension? ----------------------------
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Local_Trusted_Corpus
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Yes, you can create built-in modules containing functions, variables, exceptions and even new types in C. This is explained in the document :ref:`extending-index`. Most intermediate or advanced Python books will also cover this topic.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
Yes, you can create built-in modules containing functions, variables, exceptions and even new types in C. This is explained in the document :ref:`extending-index`. Most intermediate or advanced Python books will also cover this topic.
Yes, you can create built-in modules containing functions, variables, exceptions and even new types in C. This is explained in the document :ref:`extending-index`. Most intermediate or advanced Python books will also cover this topic.
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/faq/extending.rst
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PyObject * PyObject_CallMethod(PyObject *object, const char *method_name, const char *arg_format, ...); This works for any object that has methods -- whether built-in or user-defined. You are responsible for eventually :c:func:`Py_DECREF`\ 'ing the return value.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
PyObject * PyObject_CallMethod(PyObject *object, const char *method_name, const char *arg_format, ...); This works for any object that has methods -- whether built-in or user-defined. You are responsible for eventually :c:func:`Py_DECREF`\ 'ing the return value.
PyObject * PyObject_CallMethod(PyObject *object, const char *method_name, const char *arg_format, ...); This works for any object that has methods -- whether built-in or user-defined. You are responsible for eventually :c:func:`Py_DECREF`\ 'ing the return value.
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CPython Docs
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.. code-block:: shell-session $ gdb /local/bin/python gdb) run myscript.py gdb) continue # repeat until your extension is loaded gdb) finish # so that your extension is loaded gdb) br myfunction.c:50 gdb) continue
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
.. code-block:: shell-session $ gdb /local/bin/python gdb) run myscript.py gdb) continue # repeat until your extension is loaded gdb) finish # so that your extension is loaded gdb) br myfunction.c:50 gdb) continue
.. code-block:: shell-session $ gdb /local/bin/python gdb) run myscript.py gdb) continue # repeat until your extension is loaded gdb) finish # so that your extension is loaded gdb) br myfunction.c:50 gdb) continue
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/faq/extending.rst
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``0`` for success and ``-1`` when an exception occurred (including :exc:`SyntaxError`). If you want more control, use :c:func:`PyRun_String`; see the source for :c:func:`PyRun_SimpleString` in ``Python/pythonrun.c``. How can I evaluate an arbitrary Python expression from C? ---------------------------------------------...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
``0`` for success and ``-1`` when an exception occurred (including :exc:`SyntaxError`). If you want more control, use :c:func:`PyRun_String`; see the source for :c:func:`PyRun_SimpleString` in ``Python/pythonrun.c``. How can I evaluate an arbitrary Python expression from C? ---------------------------------------------...
``0`` for success and ``-1`` when an exception occurred (including :exc:`SyntaxError`). If you want more control, use :c:func:`PyRun_String`; see the source for :c:func:`PyRun_SimpleString` in ``Python/pythonrun.c``. How can I evaluate an arbitrary Python expression from C? ---------------------------------------------...
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/faq/extending.rst
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2190b383-2346-4e34-b1b0-6051d612a16d
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supabase-export-v2
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type. If it's a tuple, :c:func:`PyTuple_Size` returns its length and :c:func:`PyTuple_GetItem` returns the item at a specified index. Lists have similar functions, :c:func:`PyList_Size` and :c:func:`PyList_GetItem`. For bytes, :c:func:`PyBytes_Size` returns its length and :c:func:`PyBytes_AsStringAndSize` provides a po...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
type. If it's a tuple, :c:func:`PyTuple_Size` returns its length and :c:func:`PyTuple_GetItem` returns the item at a specified index. Lists have similar functions, :c:func:`PyList_Size` and :c:func:`PyList_GetItem`. For bytes, :c:func:`PyBytes_Size` returns its length and :c:func:`PyBytes_AsStringAndSize` provides a po...
type. If it's a tuple, :c:func:`PyTuple_Size` returns its length and :c:func:`PyTuple_GetItem` returns the item at a specified index. Lists have similar functions, :c:func:`PyList_Size` and :c:func:`PyList_GetItem`. For bytes, :c:func:`PyBytes_Size` returns its length and :c:func:`PyBytes_AsStringAndSize` provides a po...
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/faq/extending.rst
unknown
2190b383-2346-4e34-b1b0-6051d612a16d
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supabase-export-v2
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.. code-block:: pycon >>> import io, sys >>> class StdoutCatcher(io.TextIOBase): ... def __init__(self): ... self.data = [] ... def write(self, stuff): ... self.data.append(stuff) ... >>> import sys >>> sys.stdout = StdoutCatcher() >>> print('foo') >>> print('hello world!') >>> sys.stderr.write(''.join(sys.st...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
.. code-block:: pycon >>> import io, sys >>> class StdoutCatcher(io.TextIOBase): ... def __init__(self): ... self.data = [] ... def write(self, stuff): ... self.data.append(stuff) ... >>> import sys >>> sys.stdout = StdoutCatcher() >>> print('foo') >>> print('hello world!') >>> sys.stderr.write(''.join(sys.st...
.. code-block:: pycon >>> import io, sys >>> class StdoutCatcher(io.TextIOBase): ... def __init__(self): ... self.data = [] ... def write(self, stuff): ... self.data.append(stuff) ... >>> import sys >>> sys.stdout = StdoutCatcher() >>> print('foo') >>> print('hello world!') >>> sys.stderr.write(''.join(sys.st...
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/faq/extending.rst
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[] ... def write(self, stuff): ... self.data.append(stuff) ... >>> import sys >>> sys.stdout = StdoutCatcher() >>> print('foo') >>> print('hello world!') >>> sys.stderr.write(''.join(sys.stdout.data)) foo hello world! How do I access a module written in Python from C? --------------------------------------------------
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
[] ... def write(self, stuff): ... self.data.append(stuff) ... >>> import sys >>> sys.stdout = StdoutCatcher() >>> print('foo') >>> print('hello world!') >>> sys.stderr.write(''.join(sys.stdout.data)) foo hello world! How do I access a module written in Python from C? --------------------------------------------------
[] ... def write(self, stuff): ... self.data.append(stuff) ... >>> import sys >>> sys.stdout = StdoutCatcher() >>> print('foo') >>> print('hello world!') >>> sys.stderr.write(''.join(sys.stdout.data)) foo hello world! How do I access a module written in Python from C? --------------------------------------------------
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Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/faq/extending.rst
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supabase-export-v2
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Writing C is hard; are there any alternatives? ---------------------------------------------- There are a number of alternatives to writing your own C extensions, depending on what you're trying to do. :ref:`Recommended third party tools <c-api-tools>` offer both simpler and more sophisticated approaches to creating C ...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
Writing C is hard; are there any alternatives? ---------------------------------------------- There are a number of alternatives to writing your own C extensions, depending on what you're trying to do. :ref:`Recommended third party tools <c-api-tools>` offer both simpler and more sophisticated approaches to creating C ...
Writing C is hard; are there any alternatives? ---------------------------------------------- There are a number of alternatives to writing your own C extensions, depending on what you're trying to do. :ref:`Recommended third party tools <c-api-tools>` offer both simpler and more sophisticated approaches to creating C ...
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/faq/extending.rst
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statement or you didn't close your parentheses or triple string quotes), but it gives you a syntax error message immediately when the input is invalid. In Python you can use the :mod:`codeop` module, which approximates the parser's behavior sufficiently. IDLE uses this, for example.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
statement or you didn't close your parentheses or triple string quotes), but it gives you a syntax error message immediately when the input is invalid. In Python you can use the :mod:`codeop` module, which approximates the parser's behavior sufficiently. IDLE uses this, for example.
statement or you didn't close your parentheses or triple string quotes), but it gives you a syntax error message immediately when the input is invalid. In Python you can use the :mod:`codeop` module, which approximates the parser's behavior sufficiently. IDLE uses this, for example.
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/faq/extending.rst
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run myscript.py gdb) continue # repeat until your extension is loaded gdb) finish # so that your extension is loaded gdb) br myfunction.c:50 gdb) continue I want to compile a Python module on my Linux system, but some files are missing. Why? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
run myscript.py gdb) continue # repeat until your extension is loaded gdb) finish # so that your extension is loaded gdb) br myfunction.c:50 gdb) continue I want to compile a Python module on my Linux system, but some files are missing. Why? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------...
run myscript.py gdb) continue # repeat until your extension is loaded gdb) finish # so that your extension is loaded gdb) br myfunction.c:50 gdb) continue I want to compile a Python module on my Linux system, but some files are missing. Why? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------...
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/faq/extending.rst
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How can I evaluate an arbitrary Python expression from C? --------------------------------------------------------- Call the function :c:func:`PyRun_String` from the previous question with the start symbol :c:data:`Py_eval_input`; it parses an expression, evaluates it and returns its value.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
How can I evaluate an arbitrary Python expression from C? --------------------------------------------------------- Call the function :c:func:`PyRun_String` from the previous question with the start symbol :c:data:`Py_eval_input`; it parses an expression, evaluates it and returns its value.
How can I evaluate an arbitrary Python expression from C? --------------------------------------------------------- Call the function :c:func:`PyRun_String` from the previous question with the start symbol :c:data:`Py_eval_input`; it parses an expression, evaluates it and returns its value.
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/faq/extending.rst
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Can I create my own functions in C? ----------------------------------- Yes, you can create built-in modules containing functions, variables, exceptions and even new types in C. This is explained in the document :ref:`extending-index`.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
Can I create my own functions in C? ----------------------------------- Yes, you can create built-in modules containing functions, variables, exceptions and even new types in C. This is explained in the document :ref:`extending-index`.
Can I create my own functions in C? ----------------------------------- Yes, you can create built-in modules containing functions, variables, exceptions and even new types in C. This is explained in the document :ref:`extending-index`.
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/faq/extending.rst
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Yes, you can inherit from built-in classes such as :class:`int`, :class:`list`, :class:`dict`, etc. The Boost Python Library (BPL, https://www.boost.org/libs/python/doc/index.html) provides a way of doing this from C++ (i.e. you can inherit from an extension class written in C++ using the BPL).
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
Yes, you can inherit from built-in classes such as :class:`int`, :class:`list`, :class:`dict`, etc. The Boost Python Library (BPL, https://www.boost.org/libs/python/doc/index.html) provides a way of doing this from C++ (i.e. you can inherit from an extension class written in C++ using the BPL).
Yes, you can inherit from built-in classes such as :class:`int`, :class:`list`, :class:`dict`, etc. The Boost Python Library (BPL, https://www.boost.org/libs/python/doc/index.html) provides a way of doing this from C++ (i.e. you can inherit from an extension class written in C++ using the BPL).
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Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/faq/extending.rst
unknown
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supabase-export-v2
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In Python you can use the :mod:`codeop` module, which approximates the parser's behavior sufficiently. IDLE uses this, for example. The easiest way to do it in C is to call :c:func:`PyRun_InteractiveLoop` (perhaps in a separate thread) and let the Python interpreter handle the input for you. You can also set the :c:fun...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
In Python you can use the :mod:`codeop` module, which approximates the parser's behavior sufficiently. IDLE uses this, for example. The easiest way to do it in C is to call :c:func:`PyRun_InteractiveLoop` (perhaps in a separate thread) and let the Python interpreter handle the input for you. You can also set the :c:fun...
In Python you can use the :mod:`codeop` module, which approximates the parser's behavior sufficiently. IDLE uses this, for example. The easiest way to do it in C is to call :c:func:`PyRun_InteractiveLoop` (perhaps in a separate thread) and let the Python interpreter handle the input for you. You can also set the :c:fun...
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/faq/extending.rst
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supabase-export-v2
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How do I extract C values from a Python object? ----------------------------------------------- That depends on the object's type. If it's a tuple, :c:func:`PyTuple_Size` returns its length and :c:func:`PyTuple_GetItem` returns the item at a specified index. Lists have similar functions, :c:func:`PyList_Size` and :c:fu...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
How do I extract C values from a Python object? ----------------------------------------------- That depends on the object's type. If it's a tuple, :c:func:`PyTuple_Size` returns its length and :c:func:`PyTuple_GetItem` returns the item at a specified index. Lists have similar functions, :c:func:`PyList_Size` and :c:fu...
How do I extract C values from a Python object? ----------------------------------------------- That depends on the object's type. If it's a tuple, :c:func:`PyTuple_Size` returns its length and :c:func:`PyTuple_GetItem` returns the item at a specified index. Lists have similar functions, :c:func:`PyList_Size` and :c:fu...
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/faq/extending.rst
unknown
2190b383-2346-4e34-b1b0-6051d612a16d
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supabase-export-v2
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res = PyObject_CallMethod(f, "seek", "(ii)", 10, 0); if (res == NULL) { ... an exception occurred ... } else { Py_DECREF(res); } Note that since :c:func:`PyObject_CallObject` *always* wants a tuple for the argument list, to call a function without arguments, pass "()" for the format, and to call a function with one arg...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
res = PyObject_CallMethod(f, "seek", "(ii)", 10, 0); if (res == NULL) { ... an exception occurred ... } else { Py_DECREF(res); } Note that since :c:func:`PyObject_CallObject` *always* wants a tuple for the argument list, to call a function without arguments, pass "()" for the format, and to call a function with one arg...
res = PyObject_CallMethod(f, "seek", "(ii)", 10, 0); if (res == NULL) { ... an exception occurred ... } else { Py_DECREF(res); } Note that since :c:func:`PyObject_CallObject` *always* wants a tuple for the argument list, to call a function without arguments, pass "()" for the format, and to call a function with one arg...
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/faq/extending.rst
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supabase-export-v2
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How do I call an object's method from C? ---------------------------------------- The :c:func:`PyObject_CallMethod` function can be used to call an arbitrary method of an object. The parameters are the object, the name of the method to call, a format string like that used with :c:func:`Py_BuildValue`, and the argument ...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
How do I call an object's method from C? ---------------------------------------- The :c:func:`PyObject_CallMethod` function can be used to call an arbitrary method of an object. The parameters are the object, the name of the method to call, a format string like that used with :c:func:`Py_BuildValue`, and the argument ...
How do I call an object's method from C? ---------------------------------------- The :c:func:`PyObject_CallMethod` function can be used to call an arbitrary method of an object. The parameters are the object, the name of the method to call, a format string like that used with :c:func:`Py_BuildValue`, and the argument ...
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/faq/extending.rst
unknown
2190b383-2346-4e34-b1b0-6051d612a16d
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supabase-export-v2
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using calls like :c:func:`PySequence_Length`, :c:func:`PySequence_GetItem`, etc. as well as many other useful protocols such as numbers (:c:func:`PyNumber_Index` et al.) and mappings in the PyMapping APIs. How do I use Py_BuildValue() to create a tuple of arbitrary length? ----------------------------------------------...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
using calls like :c:func:`PySequence_Length`, :c:func:`PySequence_GetItem`, etc. as well as many other useful protocols such as numbers (:c:func:`PyNumber_Index` et al.) and mappings in the PyMapping APIs. How do I use Py_BuildValue() to create a tuple of arbitrary length? ----------------------------------------------...
using calls like :c:func:`PySequence_Length`, :c:func:`PySequence_GetItem`, etc. as well as many other useful protocols such as numbers (:c:func:`PyNumber_Index` et al.) and mappings in the PyMapping APIs. How do I use Py_BuildValue() to create a tuple of arbitrary length? ----------------------------------------------...
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/faq/extending.rst
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supabase-export-v2
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I want to compile a Python module on my Linux system, but some files are missing. Why? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Most packaged versions of Python omit some files required for compiling Python extensions.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
I want to compile a Python module on my Linux system, but some files are missing. Why? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Most packaged versions of Python omit some files required for compiling Python extensions.
I want to compile a Python module on my Linux system, but some files are missing. Why? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Most packaged versions of Python omit some files required for compiling Python extensions.
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/faq/extending.rst
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supabase-export-v2
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C and C++ -- so the strategy of building a new Python type around a C structure (pointer) type will also work for C++ objects. For C++ libraries, see :ref:`c-wrapper-software`.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
C and C++ -- so the strategy of building a new Python type around a C structure (pointer) type will also work for C++ objects. For C++ libraries, see :ref:`c-wrapper-software`.
C and C++ -- so the strategy of building a new Python type around a C structure (pointer) type will also work for C++ objects. For C++ libraries, see :ref:`c-wrapper-software`.
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/faq/extending.rst
unknown
2190b383-2346-4e34-b1b0-6051d612a16d
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Can I create my own functions in C++? ------------------------------------- Yes, using the C compatibility features found in C++. Place ``extern "C" { ... }`` around the Python include files and put ``extern "C"`` before each function that is going to be called by the Python interpreter. Global or static C++ objects wi...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
Can I create my own functions in C++? ------------------------------------- Yes, using the C compatibility features found in C++. Place ``extern "C" { ... }`` around the Python include files and put ``extern "C"`` before each function that is going to be called by the Python interpreter. Global or static C++ objects wi...
Can I create my own functions in C++? ------------------------------------- Yes, using the C compatibility features found in C++. Place ``extern "C" { ... }`` around the Python include files and put ``extern "C"`` before each function that is going to be called by the Python interpreter. Global or static C++ objects wi...
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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How do I interface to C++ objects from Python? ---------------------------------------------- Depending on your requirements, there are many approaches. To do this manually, begin by reading :ref:`the "Extending and Embedding" document <extending-index>`. Realize that for the Python run-time system, there isn't a whole...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
How do I interface to C++ objects from Python? ---------------------------------------------- Depending on your requirements, there are many approaches. To do this manually, begin by reading :ref:`the "Extending and Embedding" document <extending-index>`. Realize that for the Python run-time system, there isn't a whole...
How do I interface to C++ objects from Python? ---------------------------------------------- Depending on your requirements, there are many approaches. To do this manually, begin by reading :ref:`the "Extending and Embedding" document <extending-index>`. Realize that for the Python run-time system, there isn't a whole...
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handle the input for you. You can also set the :c:func:`PyOS_ReadlineFunctionPointer` to point at your custom input function. See ``Modules/readline.c`` and ``Parser/myreadline.c`` for more hints. How do I find undefined g++ symbols __builtin_new or __pure_virtual? ------------------------------------------------------...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
handle the input for you. You can also set the :c:func:`PyOS_ReadlineFunctionPointer` to point at your custom input function. See ``Modules/readline.c`` and ``Parser/myreadline.c`` for more hints. How do I find undefined g++ symbols __builtin_new or __pure_virtual? ------------------------------------------------------...
handle the input for you. You can also set the :c:func:`PyOS_ReadlineFunctionPointer` to point at your custom input function. See ``Modules/readline.c`` and ``Parser/myreadline.c`` for more hints. How do I find undefined g++ symbols __builtin_new or __pure_virtual? ------------------------------------------------------...
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CPython Docs
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How can I execute arbitrary Python statements from C? ----------------------------------------------------- The highest-level function to do this is :c:func:`PyRun_SimpleString` which takes a single string argument to be executed in the context of the module ``__main__`` and returns ``0`` for success and ``-1`` when an...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
How can I execute arbitrary Python statements from C? ----------------------------------------------------- The highest-level function to do this is :c:func:`PyRun_SimpleString` which takes a single string argument to be executed in the context of the module ``__main__`` and returns ``0`` for success and ``-1`` when an...
How can I execute arbitrary Python statements from C? ----------------------------------------------------- The highest-level function to do this is :c:func:`PyRun_SimpleString` which takes a single string argument to be executed in the context of the module ``__main__`` and returns ``0`` for success and ``-1`` when an...
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CPython Docs
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Can I create an object class with some methods implemented in C and others in Python (e.g. through inheritance)? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Yes, you can inherit from built-in classes such as :class:`int`, :class:`list`, :class:`dict`,...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
Can I create an object class with some methods implemented in C and others in Python (e.g. through inheritance)? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Yes, you can inherit from built-in classes such as :class:`int`, :class:`list`, :class:`dict`,...
Can I create an object class with some methods implemented in C and others in Python (e.g. through inheritance)? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Yes, you can inherit from built-in classes such as :class:`int`, :class:`list`, :class:`dict`,...
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module = PyImport_ImportModule("<modulename>"); If the module hasn't been imported yet (i.e. it is not yet present in :data:`sys.modules`), this initializes the module; otherwise it simply returns the value of ``sys.modules["<modulename>"]``. Note that it doesn't enter the module into any namespace -- it only ensures i...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
module = PyImport_ImportModule("<modulename>"); If the module hasn't been imported yet (i.e. it is not yet present in :data:`sys.modules`), this initializes the module; otherwise it simply returns the value of ``sys.modules["<modulename>"]``. Note that it doesn't enter the module into any namespace -- it only ensures i...
module = PyImport_ImportModule("<modulename>"); If the module hasn't been imported yet (i.e. it is not yet present in :data:`sys.modules`), this initializes the module; otherwise it simply returns the value of ``sys.modules["<modulename>"]``. Note that it doesn't enter the module into any namespace -- it only ensures i...
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
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However, identity tests can *only* be substituted for equality tests when object identity is assured. Generally, there are three circumstances where identity is guaranteed: 1) Assignments create new names but do not change object identity. After the assignment ``new = old``, it is guaranteed that ``new is old``.
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
However, identity tests can *only* be substituted for equality tests when object identity is assured. Generally, there are three circumstances where identity is guaranteed: 1) Assignments create new names but do not change object identity. After the assignment ``new = old``, it is guaranteed that ``new is old``.
However, identity tests can *only* be substituted for equality tests when object identity is assured. Generally, there are three circumstances where identity is guaranteed: 1) Assignments create new names but do not change object identity. After the assignment ``new = old``, it is guaranteed that ``new is old``.
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CPython Docs
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import is at the top level. That's because names in the 1st are not yet available, because the first module is busy importing the 2nd. In this case, if the second module is only used in one function, then the import can easily be moved into that function. By the time the import is called, the first module will have fin...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
import is at the top level. That's because names in the 1st are not yet available, because the first module is busy importing the 2nd. In this case, if the second module is only used in one function, then the import can easily be moved into that function. By the time the import is called, the first module will have fin...
import is at the top level. That's because names in the 1st are not yet available, because the first module is busy importing the 2nd. In this case, if the second module is only used in one function, then the import can easily be moved into that function. By the time the import is called, the first module will have fin...
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
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elements of a list by a metric which maps each element to its "sort value". In Python, use the ``key`` argument for the :meth:`list.sort` method:: Isorted = L[:] Isorted.sort(key=lambda s: int(s[10:15]))
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
elements of a list by a metric which maps each element to its "sort value". In Python, use the ``key`` argument for the :meth:`list.sort` method:: Isorted = L[:] Isorted.sort(key=lambda s: int(s[10:15]))
elements of a list by a metric which maps each element to its "sort value". In Python, use the ``key`` argument for the :meth:`list.sort` method:: Isorted = L[:] Isorted.sort(key=lambda s: int(s[10:15]))
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Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
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1) By returning a tuple of the results:: >>> def func1(a, b): ... a = 'new-value' # a and b are local names ... b = b + 1 # assigned to new objects ... return a, b # return new values ... >>> x, y = 'old-value', 99 >>> func1(x, y) ('new-value', 100)
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
1) By returning a tuple of the results:: >>> def func1(a, b): ... a = 'new-value' # a and b are local names ... b = b + 1 # assigned to new objects ... return a, b # return new values ... >>> x, y = 'old-value', 99 >>> func1(x, y) ('new-value', 100)
1) By returning a tuple of the results:: >>> def func1(a, b): ... a = 'new-value' # a and b are local names ... b = b + 1 # assigned to new objects ... return a, b # return new values ... >>> x, y = 'old-value', 99 >>> func1(x, y) ('new-value', 100)
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CPython Docs
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To accumulate many :class:`str` objects, the recommended idiom is to place them into a list and call :meth:`str.join` at the end:: chunks = [] for s in my_strings: chunks.append(s) result = ''.join(chunks)
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
To accumulate many :class:`str` objects, the recommended idiom is to place them into a list and call :meth:`str.join` at the end:: chunks = [] for s in my_strings: chunks.append(s) result = ''.join(chunks)
To accumulate many :class:`str` objects, the recommended idiom is to place them into a list and call :meth:`str.join` at the end:: chunks = [] for s in my_strings: chunks.append(s) result = ''.join(chunks)
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CPython Docs
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mutable list ... a[1] = a[1] + 1 # changes a shared object ... >>> args = ['old-value', 99] >>> func2(args) >>> args ['new-value', 100] 4) By passing in a dictionary that gets mutated::
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
mutable list ... a[1] = a[1] + 1 # changes a shared object ... >>> args = ['old-value', 99] >>> func2(args) >>> args ['new-value', 100] 4) By passing in a dictionary that gets mutated::
mutable list ... a[1] = a[1] + 1 # changes a shared object ... >>> args = ['old-value', 99] >>> func2(args) >>> args ['new-value', 100] 4) By passing in a dictionary that gets mutated::
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CPython Docs
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as :mod:`sys`, :mod:`os`, :mod:`argparse`, :mod:`re` 2. third-party library modules (anything installed in Python's site-packages directory) -- such as :pypi:`dateutil`, :pypi:`requests`, :pypi:`tzdata` 3. locally developed modules It is sometimes necessary to move imports to a function or class to avoid problems with ...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
as :mod:`sys`, :mod:`os`, :mod:`argparse`, :mod:`re` 2. third-party library modules (anything installed in Python's site-packages directory) -- such as :pypi:`dateutil`, :pypi:`requests`, :pypi:`tzdata` 3. locally developed modules It is sometimes necessary to move imports to a function or class to avoid problems with ...
as :mod:`sys`, :mod:`os`, :mod:`argparse`, :mod:`re` 2. third-party library modules (anything installed in Python's site-packages directory) -- such as :pypi:`dateutil`, :pypi:`requests`, :pypi:`tzdata` 3. locally developed modules It is sometimes necessary to move imports to a function or class to avoid problems with ...
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
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CPython Docs
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into that function. By the time the import is called, the first module will have finished initializing, and the second module can do its import. It may also be necessary to move imports out of the top level of code if some of the modules are platform-specific. In that case, it may not even be possible to import all of ...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
into that function. By the time the import is called, the first module will have finished initializing, and the second module can do its import. It may also be necessary to move imports out of the top level of code if some of the modules are platform-specific. In that case, it may not even be possible to import all of ...
into that function. By the time the import is called, the first module will have finished initializing, and the second module can do its import. It may also be necessary to move imports out of the top level of code if some of the modules are platform-specific. In that case, it may not even be possible to import all of ...
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Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/faq/programming.rst
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Several debuggers for Python are described below, and the built-in function :func:`breakpoint` allows you to drop into any of them. The pdb module is a simple but adequate console-mode debugger for Python. It is part of the standard Python library, and is :mod:`documented in the Library Reference Manual <pdb>`. You can...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
Several debuggers for Python are described below, and the built-in function :func:`breakpoint` allows you to drop into any of them. The pdb module is a simple but adequate console-mode debugger for Python. It is part of the standard Python library, and is :mod:`documented in the Library Reference Manual <pdb>`. You can...
Several debuggers for Python are described below, and the built-in function :func:`breakpoint` allows you to drop into any of them. The pdb module is a simple but adequate console-mode debugger for Python. It is part of the standard Python library, and is :mod:`documented in the Library Reference Manual <pdb>`. You can...
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/faq/programming.rst
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This type of bug commonly bites neophyte programmers. Consider this function:: def foo(mydict={}): # Danger: shared reference to one dict for all calls ... compute something ... mydict[key] = value return mydict
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
This type of bug commonly bites neophyte programmers. Consider this function:: def foo(mydict={}): # Danger: shared reference to one dict for all calls ... compute something ... mydict[key] = value return mydict
This type of bug commonly bites neophyte programmers. Consider this function:: def foo(mydict={}): # Danger: shared reference to one dict for all calls ... compute something ... mydict[key] = value return mydict
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Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/faq/programming.rst
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How do I share global variables across modules? ------------------------------------------------ The canonical way to share information across modules within a single program is to create a special module (often called config or cfg). Just import the config module in all modules of your application; the module then bec...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
How do I share global variables across modules? ------------------------------------------------ The canonical way to share information across modules within a single program is to create a special module (often called config or cfg). Just import the config module in all modules of your application; the module then bec...
How do I share global variables across modules? ------------------------------------------------ The canonical way to share information across modules within a single program is to create a special module (often called config or cfg). Just import the config module in all modules of your application; the module then bec...
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CPython Docs
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execution of the ``id()`` call. To be sure that objects whose id you want to examine are still alive, create another reference to the object: >>> a = 1000; b = 2000 >>> id(a) # doctest: +SKIP 13901272 >>> id(b) # doctest: +SKIP 13891296
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
execution of the ``id()`` call. To be sure that objects whose id you want to examine are still alive, create another reference to the object: >>> a = 1000; b = 2000 >>> id(a) # doctest: +SKIP 13901272 >>> id(b) # doctest: +SKIP 13891296
execution of the ``id()`` call. To be sure that objects whose id you want to examine are still alive, create another reference to the object: >>> a = 1000; b = 2000 >>> id(a) # doctest: +SKIP 13901272 >>> id(b) # doctest: +SKIP 13891296
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To accumulate many :class:`bytes` objects, the recommended idiom is to extend a :class:`bytearray` object using in-place concatenation (the ``+=`` operator):: result = bytearray() for b in my_bytes_objects: result += b
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
To accumulate many :class:`bytes` objects, the recommended idiom is to extend a :class:`bytearray` object using in-place concatenation (the ``+=`` operator):: result = bytearray() for b in my_bytes_objects: result += b
To accumulate many :class:`bytes` objects, the recommended idiom is to extend a :class:`bytearray` object using in-place concatenation (the ``+=`` operator):: result = bytearray() for b in my_bytes_objects: result += b
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the names" of particular values. Unless you are deliberately writing introspective programs, this is usually an indication that a change of approach might be beneficial. In comp.lang.python, Fredrik Lundh once gave an excellent analogy in answer to this question:
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
the names" of particular values. Unless you are deliberately writing introspective programs, this is usually an indication that a change of approach might be beneficial. In comp.lang.python, Fredrik Lundh once gave an excellent analogy in answer to this question:
the names" of particular values. Unless you are deliberately writing introspective programs, this is usually an indication that a change of approach might be beneficial. In comp.lang.python, Fredrik Lundh once gave an excellent analogy in answer to this question:
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CPython Docs
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this, you need to save the values in variables local to the lambdas, so that they don't rely on the value of the global ``x``:: >>> squares = [] >>> for x in range(5): ... squares.append(lambda n=x: n**2)
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
this, you need to save the values in variables local to the lambdas, so that they don't rely on the value of the global ``x``:: >>> squares = [] >>> for x in range(5): ... squares.append(lambda n=x: n**2)
this, you need to save the values in variables local to the lambdas, so that they don't rely on the value of the global ``x``:: >>> squares = [] >>> for x in range(5): ... squares.append(lambda n=x: n**2)
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CPython Docs
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In the standard library code, you will see several common patterns for correctly using identity tests: 1) As recommended by :pep:`8`, an identity test is the preferred way to check for ``None``. This reads like plain English in code and avoids confusion with other objects that may have boolean values that evaluate to...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
In the standard library code, you will see several common patterns for correctly using identity tests: 1) As recommended by :pep:`8`, an identity test is the preferred way to check for ``None``. This reads like plain English in code and avoids confusion with other objects that may have boolean values that evaluate to...
In the standard library code, you will see several common patterns for correctly using identity tests: 1) As recommended by :pep:`8`, an identity test is the preferred way to check for ``None``. This reads like plain English in code and avoids confusion with other objects that may have boolean values that evaluate to...
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
file://datasets/cpython/Doc/faq/programming.rst
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arguments are mapped to parameters based solely on their position. For example, :func:`divmod` is a function that accepts positional-only parameters. Its documentation looks like this:: >>> help(divmod) Help on built-in function divmod in module builtins:
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
arguments are mapped to parameters based solely on their position. For example, :func:`divmod` is a function that accepts positional-only parameters. Its documentation looks like this:: >>> help(divmod) Help on built-in function divmod in module builtins:
arguments are mapped to parameters based solely on their position. For example, :func:`divmod` is a function that accepts positional-only parameters. Its documentation looks like this:: >>> help(divmod) Help on built-in function divmod in module builtins:
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Local_Trusted_Corpus
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CPython Docs
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object can exist. After the assignments ``a = None`` and ``b = None``, it is guaranteed that ``a is b`` because ``None`` is a singleton. In most other circumstances, identity tests are inadvisable and equality tests are preferred. In particular, identity tests should not be used to check constants such as :class:`int` ...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
object can exist. After the assignments ``a = None`` and ``b = None``, it is guaranteed that ``a is b`` because ``None`` is a singleton. In most other circumstances, identity tests are inadvisable and equality tests are preferred. In particular, identity tests should not be used to check constants such as :class:`int` ...
object can exist. After the assignments ``a = None`` and ``b = None``, it is guaranteed that ``a is b`` because ``None`` is a singleton. In most other circumstances, identity tests are inadvisable and equality tests are preferred. In particular, identity tests should not be used to check constants such as :class:`int` ...
python, official-docs, cpython, P0
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an object is deleted from memory, the next freshly created object is allocated at the same position in memory. This is illustrated by this example: >>> id(1000) # doctest: +SKIP 13901272 >>> id(2000) # doctest: +SKIP 13901272
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
an object is deleted from memory, the next freshly created object is allocated at the same position in memory. This is illustrated by this example: >>> id(1000) # doctest: +SKIP 13901272 >>> id(2000) # doctest: +SKIP 13901272
an object is deleted from memory, the next freshly created object is allocated at the same position in memory. This is illustrated by this example: >>> id(1000) # doctest: +SKIP 13901272 >>> id(2000) # doctest: +SKIP 13901272
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5) Or bundle up values in a class instance:: >>> class Namespace: ... def __init__(self, /, **args): ... for key, value in args.items(): ... setattr(self, key, value) ... >>> def func4(args): ... args.a = 'new-value' # args is a mutable Namespace ... args.b = args.b + 1 # change object in-place ... >>> args = Na...
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5) Or bundle up values in a class instance:: >>> class Namespace: ... def __init__(self, /, **args): ... for key, value in args.items(): ... setattr(self, key, value) ... >>> def func4(args): ... args.a = 'new-value' # args is a mutable Namespace ... args.b = args.b + 1 # change object in-place ... >>> args = Na...
5) Or bundle up values in a class instance:: >>> class Namespace: ... def __init__(self, /, **args): ... for key, value in args.items(): ... setattr(self, key, value) ... >>> def func4(args): ... args.a = 'new-value' # args is a mutable Namespace ... args.b = args.b + 1 # change object in-place ... >>> args = Na...
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two principal tools for caching methods are :func:`functools.cached_property` and :func:`functools.lru_cache`. The former stores results at the instance level and the latter at the class level. The ``cached_property`` approach only works with methods that do not take any arguments. It does not create a reference to the...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
two principal tools for caching methods are :func:`functools.cached_property` and :func:`functools.lru_cache`. The former stores results at the instance level and the latter at the class level. The ``cached_property`` approach only works with methods that do not take any arguments. It does not create a reference to the...
two principal tools for caching methods are :func:`functools.cached_property` and :func:`functools.lru_cache`. The former stores results at the instance level and the latter at the class level. The ``cached_property`` approach only works with methods that do not take any arguments. It does not create a reference to the...
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class C { C() { cout << "No arguments\n"; } C(int i) { cout << "Argument is " << i << "\n"; } } In Python you have to write a single constructor that catches all cases using default arguments. For example::
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
class C { C() { cout << "No arguments\n"; } C(int i) { cout << "Argument is " << i << "\n"; } } In Python you have to write a single constructor that catches all cases using default arguments. For example::
class C { C() { cout << "No arguments\n"; } C(int i) { cout << "Argument is " << i << "\n"; } } In Python you have to write a single constructor that catches all cases using default arguments. For example::
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Or, you can use an extension that provides a matrix datatype; `NumPy <https://numpy.org/>`_ is the best known. How do I apply a method or function to a sequence of objects? -------------------------------------------------------------
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
Or, you can use an extension that provides a matrix datatype; `NumPy <https://numpy.org/>`_ is the best known. How do I apply a method or function to a sequence of objects? -------------------------------------------------------------
Or, you can use an extension that provides a matrix datatype; `NumPy <https://numpy.org/>`_ is the best known. How do I apply a method or function to a sequence of objects? -------------------------------------------------------------
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Alternatively, it is possible to set attributes by inserting entries into :attr:`self.__dict__ <object.__dict__>` directly. How do I call a method defined in a base class from a derived class that extends it? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
Alternatively, it is possible to set attributes by inserting entries into :attr:`self.__dict__ <object.__dict__>` directly. How do I call a method defined in a base class from a derived class that extends it? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alternatively, it is possible to set attributes by inserting entries into :attr:`self.__dict__ <object.__dict__>` directly. How do I call a method defined in a base class from a derived class that extends it? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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What is the most efficient way to concatenate many strings together? -------------------------------------------------------------------- :class:`str` and :class:`bytes` objects are immutable, therefore concatenating many strings together is inefficient as each concatenation creates a new object. In the general case, t...
trusted_official_docs
CPython Docs
What is the most efficient way to concatenate many strings together? -------------------------------------------------------------------- :class:`str` and :class:`bytes` objects are immutable, therefore concatenating many strings together is inefficient as each concatenation creates a new object. In the general case, t...
What is the most efficient way to concatenate many strings together? -------------------------------------------------------------------- :class:`str` and :class:`bytes` objects are immutable, therefore concatenating many strings together is inefficient as each concatenation creates a new object. In the general case, t...
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Local_Trusted_Corpus