text
stringlengths 174
655k
| id
stringlengths 47
47
| score
float64 2.52
5.25
| tokens
int64 39
148k
| format
stringclasses 24
values | topic
stringclasses 2
values | fr_ease
float64 -483.68
157
| __index__
int64 0
1.48M
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abstract Pore-scale events in multiphase flow in porous rock have been directly imaged in real time by using fast (15 to 60 seconds) synchrotron-based X-ray computed microtomography. In the past, pore-scale fluid displacements in porous media could only be imaged under quasistatic conditions where at scanning times of several minutes to hours, fluid distributions were subject to capillary redistribution. Here, pore-scale displacement events in porous rock were imaged in situ in real time in natural rock under dynamic flow conditions, where the pressure gradient and the viscocapillary balance were maintained during scanning. Two elementary processes, Haines jumps in drainage and snap-off in imbibition, were studied in detail for sintered glass, sandstone, and carbonate rock. We found that most Haines jump events do not displace the wetting phase pore-by-pore, but typically involve 10 to 20 individual pores and that filling events are cooperative. We also found that in sandstone rock 64% of the externally applied work is actually dissipated during these jumps and approximately 36% is converted into interfacial energy.
Mendeley saves you time finding and organizing research
There are no full text links
Choose a citation style from the tabs below
|
<urn:uuid:5a7f6e66-9374-46f6-8d64-69d7d93f52d2>
| 2.625
| 269
|
Academic Writing
|
Science & Tech.
| 12.473346
| 95,647,184
|
Prof. Rui Cao, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. Shaanxi Normal University, China
Associate Prof. Shigeyuki Masaoka, Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Japan
Homogeneous catalysis, O2 evolution, O2 activation, O2 reduction , Earth abundant transition metal complexes
Concept for session Formation and cleavage of the O-O bond of dioxygen is crucial in diverse fundamental chemical and biological processes. Breaking of the O-O bond is a critical step for catalytic 4-electron reduction of O2, which plays an essential role for sustaining life, but also for generating electrical energy. Actually, in aerobic organisms O2 reduction to water, performed by the enzyme cytochrome-c oxidase , drives the successive production of ATP,
whereas in fuel cells (cathode) O2 collects electrons coming from oxidation of H2 or other fuels (anode). The rupture of the O-O dioxygen bond is also implicated in selective oxidations and oxygenations of organic substrates by dioxygen, as exemplified by CytP450 enzyme. Concerning O-O formation, it is the bottleneck step for oxidation of water to O2, a fundamental process that allows to harvest electrons and protons for reduction of substrates. For example, the Oxygen-Evolving-Center (OEC) of photosystem II oxidizes water to O2 in a photo-induced reaction, and released protons and electrons are used to reduce CO2 to glucose. Conversely, in water splitting systems the reducing equivalents resulting from H2O oxidation are employed to produce H2. Both O-O formation and cleavage involve large activation barriers, and require the presence of a transition-metal ion, typically manganese, iron, copper or cobalt, to catalyze the process. The ability of these metals to support different oxidation states, especially high-valent metal-oxo species, constitutes a key element to enable reactivity. In this context, the ICCC2018 session will mainly concern on studies of bio-inspired, earth-abundant first-row transition metal complexes that promote O-O formation or breaking. The following aspects will be considered: (i) catalytic and electrocatalytic systems for O 2 reduction and O 2 evolution ; (ii) catalytic oxidation of organic substrates by O 2 reductive activation ; (iii) mechanistic investigations in homogeneous solution, very useful for a deeper understanding of the fundamental chemical aspects of O-O breaking/formation. The session will include both experimental studies, mainly centered on characterization and reactivity of intermediates, and theoretical studies, extremely valuable in the attempt to rationalize the observed reactivity.
|
<urn:uuid:e48e5115-cdaa-4efc-9cf2-b5fb8050da0d>
| 2.703125
| 579
|
News (Org.)
|
Science & Tech.
| 3.545556
| 95,647,193
|
If we add to unknown number 21, then divide by 6 and then subtract 51, we get back an unknown number.
What is this unknown number?
What is this unknown number?
Leave us a comment of example and its solution (i.e. if it is still somewhat unclear...):
Showing 0 comments:
Be the first to comment!
To solve this verbal math problem are needed these knowledge from mathematics:
Next similar examples:
Is the number 146025 divisible by 6?
In the arithmetic sequence is a1=-1, d=4. Which member is equal to the number 203?
Monkey fell in 38 m deep well. Every day her scramble 3 meters, at night dropped back by 2 m. On that day it gets hangover from the well?
Mix 20 l of water with temperature of 53 °C, 27 l warm of 86 °C and 11 l water of 49 °C. What is the temperature of the mixed water immediately after mixing?
The thermometer showed -13°C at morning. Then temperature was increased by 5°C again increased by 1°C and then decreased by 3°C and then decreased by 3°C. Which terminal temperature thermometer shows?
- Daily average
Calculate the average temperature during the day, when 13 hours was 22 °C and 11 hours was 17 °C.
- When will I be a millionaire?
Shawn monthly send 220 euros to the bank, which he deposits bear interest of 2.4% p.a. Calculate how many months must Shawn save to save 1000000 euros? Inflation, interest rate changes or bank failures ignore.
- Diofant 2
Is equation ? solvable on the set of integers Z?
- Diofant equation
In the set of integers (Z) solve the equation: ? Write result with integer parameter ? (parameter t = ...-2,-1,0,1,2,3... if equation has infinitely many solutions)
thermometer showed -12 degrees Celsius at the morning then the temperature rises by 4 degrees and later again increased by 2 degrees at the evening has fallen by 5 degrees and then fall 3 degrees. What end temperature does the thermometer show?
Ophelia recorded the temperature of a cold store every two hours. 1. At 6am it was -4°C and at 8am it was -1°C. By how much did the temperature rise? 2. The temperature went up by 5°C in the next two hours. .What was the temperature at 10am?
Temperature is -8 degrees Celsius in the freezer. Outside temperature is 2 degrees Celsius. One minute took to change temperature by one degree Celsius if we open door. How many minutes the temperature in the freezer will rise?
Two cats caught two mice in two days. How many mouses will catch 6 cats for 6 days?
- Chickens and rabbits
In the yard were chickens and rabbits. They had 31 heads and 94 legs. How many chickens and how many rabbits was in the yard?
- Report card
Ivor hit 5× grade 5 at the beginning of the school year. How many times must now catch grade 1 to get grade 2 on report card?
56 children lined up in groups of three. How many children did not create a trio?
How many times must throw the dice, the probability of throwing at least one six was greater than 90%?
|
<urn:uuid:a100ecb6-6ff0-4d6b-b9f1-7c31d4251921>
| 2.6875
| 714
|
Tutorial
|
Science & Tech.
| 78.469754
| 95,647,207
|
They expect that part of the Northern hemisphere’s longest floating glacier will continue to disintegrate within the next year.
A massive 11-square-mile (29-square-kilometer) piece of the Petermann Glacier in northern Greenland broke away between July 10th and by July 24th. The loss to that glacier is equal to half the size of Manhattan Island. The last major ice loss to Petermann occurred when the glacier lost 33 square miles (86 square kilometers) of floating ice between 2000 and 2001.
Petermann has a floating section of ice 10 miles (16 kilometers) wide and 50 miles (80.4 kilometers) long which covers 500 square miles (1,295 square kilometers).
What worries Jason Box, an associate professor of geography at Ohio State, and his colleagues, graduate students Russell Benson and David Decker, even more about the latest images is what appears to be a massive crack further back from the margin of the Petermann Glacier.
That crack may signal an imminent and much larger breakup.
“If the Petermann glacier breaks up back to the upstream rift, the loss would be as much as 60 square miles (160 square kilometers),” Box said, representing a loss of one-third of the massive ice field.
Meanwhile, the margin of the massive Jakobshavn glacier has retreated inland further than it has at any time in the past 150 years it has been observed. Researchers believe that the glacier has not retreated to where it is now in at least the last 4,000 to 6,000 years.
The Northern branch of the Jakobshavn broke up in the past several weeks and the glacier has lost at least three square miles (10 square kilometers) since the end of the last melt season.
The Jakobshavn Glacier dominates the approximately 130 glaciers flowing out of Greenland’s inland into the sea. It alone is responsible for producing at least one-tenth of the icebergs calving off into the sea from the entire island of Greenland, making it the island’s most productive glacier.
Between 2001 and 2005, a massive breakup of the Jakobshavn glacier erased 36 square miles (94 square kilometers) from the ice field and raised the awareness of worldwide of glacial response to global climate change.
The researchers are using images updated daily from National Aeronautics and Space Administration satellites and from time-lapse photography from cameras monitoring the margin of these and other Greenland glaciers. Additional support for this project came from NASA.
Further details and image products can be found at: http://bprc.osu.edu/MODIS/
Contact: Jason Box, (614) 247- 6899; firstname.lastname@example.org.
Earle Holland | Newswise Science News
New research calculates capacity of North American forests to sequester carbon
16.07.2018 | University of California - Santa Cruz
Scientists discover Earth's youngest banded iron formation in western China
12.07.2018 | University of Alberta
For the first time ever, scientists have determined the cosmic origin of highest-energy neutrinos. A research group led by IceCube scientist Elisa Resconi, spokesperson of the Collaborative Research Center SFB1258 at the Technical University of Munich (TUM), provides an important piece of evidence that the particles detected by the IceCube neutrino telescope at the South Pole originate from a galaxy four billion light-years away from Earth.
To rule out other origins with certainty, the team led by neutrino physicist Elisa Resconi from the Technical University of Munich and multi-wavelength...
For the first time a team of researchers have discovered two different phases of magnetic skyrmions in a single material. Physicists of the Technical Universities of Munich and Dresden and the University of Cologne can now better study and understand the properties of these magnetic structures, which are important for both basic research and applications.
Whirlpools are an everyday experience in a bath tub: When the water is drained a circular vortex is formed. Typically, such whirls are rather stable. Similar...
Physicists working with Roland Wester at the University of Innsbruck have investigated if and how chemical reactions can be influenced by targeted vibrational excitation of the reactants. They were able to demonstrate that excitation with a laser beam does not affect the efficiency of a chemical exchange reaction and that the excited molecular group acts only as a spectator in the reaction.
A frequently used reaction in organic chemistry is nucleophilic substitution. It plays, for example, an important role in in the synthesis of new chemical...
Optical spectroscopy allows investigating the energy structure and dynamic properties of complex quantum systems. Researchers from the University of Würzburg present two new approaches of coherent two-dimensional spectroscopy.
"Put an excitation into the system and observe how it evolves." According to physicist Professor Tobias Brixner, this is the credo of optical spectroscopy....
Ultra-short, high-intensity X-ray flashes open the door to the foundations of chemical reactions. Free-electron lasers generate these kinds of pulses, but there is a catch: the pulses vary in duration and energy. An international research team has now presented a solution: Using a ring of 16 detectors and a circularly polarized laser beam, they can determine both factors with attosecond accuracy.
Free-electron lasers (FELs) generate extremely short and intense X-ray flashes. Researchers can use these flashes to resolve structures with diameters on the...
13.07.2018 | Event News
12.07.2018 | Event News
03.07.2018 | Event News
16.07.2018 | Physics and Astronomy
16.07.2018 | Life Sciences
16.07.2018 | Earth Sciences
|
<urn:uuid:4482b71e-7def-4b4c-8ac1-f8ded18d764c>
| 3.671875
| 1,205
|
Content Listing
|
Science & Tech.
| 46.550718
| 95,647,209
|
The Craft of Fractional Modelling in Science and Engineering
by Jordan Hristov (ed.)
Publisher: MDPI AG 2018
Number of pages: 140
Fractional calculus has performed an important role in the fields of mathematics, physics, electronics, mechanics, and engineering in recent years. The modeling methods involving fractional operators have been continuously generalized and enhanced, especially during the last few decades. Many operations in physics and engineering can be defined accurately by using systems of differential equations containing different types of fractional derivatives.
Home page url
Download or read it online for free here:
by Jeremy Pickles - BookBoon
This book approaches the subject from an oft-neglected historical perspective. A particular aim is to make accessible to students Newton's vision of a single system of law governing the falling of an apple and the orbital motion of the moon.
by Stefan Grosskinsky - University of Warwick
Interacting particle systems (IPS) are models for complex phenomena involving a large number of interrelated components. Examples exist within all areas of natural and social sciences, such as traffic flow on highways, constituents of a cell, etc.
by Dave Benson - Cambridge University Press
An introduction to the subject of music and mathematics, which includes physics, psycho-acoustics, biology, and the history of science and digital technology. It covers the structure of the human ear, Fourier analysis, musical instruments, and more.
by Evans M. Harrell II, James V. Herod
This textbook is suitable for a first course on partial differential equations, Fourier series and special functions, and integral equations. The text concentrates on mathematical concepts rather than on details of calculations.
|
<urn:uuid:0eaba017-f3b4-4f46-a9dc-2e07019066d6>
| 2.921875
| 346
|
Content Listing
|
Science & Tech.
| 22.340455
| 95,647,214
|
Common name: Mississippi Grass Shrimp
available through www.itis.gov
Size: up to 50 mm in length (Pennak 1989)
Native Range: This shrimp ranges from northeastern Mexico, Mississippi River north to the Great Lakes and east to Florida (see Page, 1985; Fig. 87, p. 360). It is sporadic in the central US, west of the Allegheny Mountains, and from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada (Pennak 1989).
Interactive maps: Point Distribution Maps
Puerto Rico &
Table 1. States with nonindigenous occurrences, the earliest and latest observations in each state, and the tally and names of HUCs with observations†. Names and dates are hyperlinked to their relevant specimen records. The list of references for all nonindigenous occurrences of Palaemonetes kadiakensis are found here.
Table last updated 5/25/2018
† Populations may not be currently present.
Means of Introduction: Unknown, could be a natural range expansion.
References: (click for full references)
Page, L. M. 1985. The crayfishes and shrimps (decapods) of Illinois. Ill. Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull., 33(4):335-447.
Pennak, R. W. 1989. Fresh-water invertebrates of the United States, 3rd ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Revision Date: 3/12/2013
Benson, A.J., 2018, Palaemonetes kadiakensis (M. J. Rathbun, 1902): U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL, https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?SpeciesID=2620, Revision Date: 3/12/2013, Access Date: 7/19/2018
This information is preliminary or provisional and is subject to revision. It is being provided to meet the need for timely best science. The information has not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and is provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the information.
|
<urn:uuid:60b43268-0eee-473f-b034-dce99887d6d5>
| 2.921875
| 481
|
Knowledge Article
|
Science & Tech.
| 62.734333
| 95,647,233
|
The team from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich have discovered that coating the film with a mix of silver and calcium phosphate nano-particles proves deadly to bacteria.
Wendelin Stark, a chemical engineer and leader of the project explained that it had been previously impossible to apply silver in a targeted and measured way. However, by using a film and applying the silver to the calcium phosphate, he believes the problem has been overcome: “Within 24 hours of the plastic film being applied to a surface, less than 1 bacterium out of 1 million bacteria will survive.”
Because bacteria rely on calcium for their metabolism, the 20-50 nanometer calcium phosphate particles are used by the micro-organisms as nutrition. When the bacteria consume the calcium phosphate, this releases thousands of small silver 1-2 nanometer particles. It’s these tiny silver particles that kill the bacteria and prevent germs from growing and spreading.
The polymer film only emits silver if bacteria are growing in the vicinity. This can be assessed by the quantity of calcium phosphate that is taken up by the bacterium. “It saves money and is much more efficient,” said Stark.
“It also reduces the environmental impact of the process and we have developed a method that is easy to apply and could bring great benefits to patients in hospitals, as well as the food industry.”
Silver has been used as an antiseptic and disinfectant for thousands of years. Wealthy households would commonly use silver tableware in the belief it could fend off germs, whilst poorer people would put silver coins into their milk jug.
Silver was also used in medical treatments before being replaced by antibiotics but nanotechnology has allowed the metal something of a medical renaissance. The project is now being up scaled by a Swiss Company.
The work has been praised by Dr David Brown, Chief Executive of the Institution of Chemical Engineers: “This is an outstanding example of how chemical engineers are making a crucial contribution to society”.
Details of the work have been published in the science journal, Small with a second paper due for publication in Nature Nanotechnology next month.
Matt Stalker | alfa
NYSCF researchers develop novel bioengineering technique for personalized bone grafts
18.07.2018 | New York Stem Cell Foundation
Pollen taxi for bacteria
18.07.2018 | Technische Universität München
For the first time ever, scientists have determined the cosmic origin of highest-energy neutrinos. A research group led by IceCube scientist Elisa Resconi, spokesperson of the Collaborative Research Center SFB1258 at the Technical University of Munich (TUM), provides an important piece of evidence that the particles detected by the IceCube neutrino telescope at the South Pole originate from a galaxy four billion light-years away from Earth.
To rule out other origins with certainty, the team led by neutrino physicist Elisa Resconi from the Technical University of Munich and multi-wavelength...
For the first time a team of researchers have discovered two different phases of magnetic skyrmions in a single material. Physicists of the Technical Universities of Munich and Dresden and the University of Cologne can now better study and understand the properties of these magnetic structures, which are important for both basic research and applications.
Whirlpools are an everyday experience in a bath tub: When the water is drained a circular vortex is formed. Typically, such whirls are rather stable. Similar...
Physicists working with Roland Wester at the University of Innsbruck have investigated if and how chemical reactions can be influenced by targeted vibrational excitation of the reactants. They were able to demonstrate that excitation with a laser beam does not affect the efficiency of a chemical exchange reaction and that the excited molecular group acts only as a spectator in the reaction.
A frequently used reaction in organic chemistry is nucleophilic substitution. It plays, for example, an important role in in the synthesis of new chemical...
Optical spectroscopy allows investigating the energy structure and dynamic properties of complex quantum systems. Researchers from the University of Würzburg present two new approaches of coherent two-dimensional spectroscopy.
"Put an excitation into the system and observe how it evolves." According to physicist Professor Tobias Brixner, this is the credo of optical spectroscopy....
Ultra-short, high-intensity X-ray flashes open the door to the foundations of chemical reactions. Free-electron lasers generate these kinds of pulses, but there is a catch: the pulses vary in duration and energy. An international research team has now presented a solution: Using a ring of 16 detectors and a circularly polarized laser beam, they can determine both factors with attosecond accuracy.
Free-electron lasers (FELs) generate extremely short and intense X-ray flashes. Researchers can use these flashes to resolve structures with diameters on the...
13.07.2018 | Event News
12.07.2018 | Event News
03.07.2018 | Event News
18.07.2018 | Materials Sciences
18.07.2018 | Life Sciences
18.07.2018 | Health and Medicine
|
<urn:uuid:5417a074-bfae-4c84-9672-d84a940b8894>
| 3.578125
| 1,071
|
Content Listing
|
Science & Tech.
| 41.199399
| 95,647,238
|
Mike Casazza's research program at the Dixon Field Station focuses on the ecology of threatened and endangered species in a variety of ecosystems. This includes primary ecological research on the endangered California Ridgway's Rail in SF Bay, the endangered San Francisco Gartersnake, the threatened Giant Gartersnake in the Central Valley of California, the California state-listed Greater Sandhill Crane, and the Greater Sage-Grouse. Mike Casazza's research has targeted studies which provide critical species information to land managers responsible for maintaining diverse and healthy wildlife populations while trying to help recover special status species. Understanding key life history traits of special status species can lead to management options promoting species recovery.
Mike Casazza's research team at Dixon employs a multi-disciplinary approach to all of their work including participation on several collaborative efforts. They participated in the San Francisco Bay Goals Project beginning in 1995 and culminating in 2000 with a vision of the habitat needed to sustain healthy fish and wildlife populations in and around San Francisco Bay. They are currently serving on the Great Basin Integrated Landscape Monitoring (GBILM) Team for USGS to help link ecosystem drivers to on the ground monitoring programs. In addition, Mike Casazza is a co-investigator on a Sagebrush Ecosystem project examining the impacts of livestock grazing on sagebrush habitats in coordination with principal investigators from two other Science Centers. Bridging the gap between population biology and landscape level management is a primary goal of their research team’s effort. Current animal handling permits include: California State Collecting Permit, Federal Banding Permit, Authorization to capture and mark the federally listed (threatened) giant garter snake and endangered California Ridgway's rail in addition to other non-sensitive species. Mike Casazza has wide-ranging experience in radio-tagging numerous animals including snakes, waterfowl, shorebirds, and other migratory and non-migratory birds.
- 1995 M.S. California State University, Sacramento Thesis: Habitat use and movement of Northern Pintails wintering in Suisun Marsh, CA
- 1988 B.S. Wildlife Biology, U.C. Davis
Science and Products
The Suisun Marsh and Central Valley in California offer some of the world’s most important wetland habitats for waterfowl in the Pacific Flyway. Mike Casazza and USGS WERC biologists are providing the science to support and evaluate waterfowl populations and habitat management in North America.
The Ridgway’s rail is a federal and state listed endangered species that occurs in wetlands along the Pacific Coast and from the Lower Colorado River drainage to southern Baja California. Three subspecies of Ridgway’s rail are found within the United States: the California Ridgway’s Rail, Yuma Ridgway’s rail, and Light-footed Ridgway’s rail. All three subspecies have declined since 1900 as a...
WERC scientists at the Dixon Field Station conduct studies from the San Francisco Bay-Delta in California to the Great Basin spanning California and Nevada.
Findings from a Preliminary Investigation of the Effects of Aquatic Habitat (Water) Availability on Giant Gartersnake (Thamnophis gigas) Demography and Reproduction in the Sacramento Valley, California, 2014–17
The giant gartersnake (Thamnophis gigas) is a semi-aquatic species of snake precinctive to the Central Valley of California. Because the Central Valley has experienced a substantial loss of wetland habitat, giant gartersnake populations are largely found in aquatic habitats associated with rice agriculture. In dry years, less water may be...Rose, Jonathan P.; Ersan, Julia S. M.; Reyes, Gabriel A.; Gustafson, K. Benjamin; Fulton, Alexandria M.; Fouts, Kristen J.; Wack, Raymund F.; Wylie, Glenn D.; Casazza, Michael L.; Halstead, Brian J.
Distribution and demography of San Francisco gartersnakes (Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia) at Mindego Ranch, Russian Ridge Open Space Preserve, San Mateo County, California
San Francisco gartersnakes (Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia) are a subspecies of common gartersnakes endemic to the San Francisco Peninsula of northern California. Because of habitat loss and collection for the pet trade, San Francisco gartersnakes were listed as endangered under the precursor to the Federal Endangered Species Act. A population of...Kim, Richard; Halstead, Brian J.; Wylie, Glenn D.; Casazza, Michael L.
Construction and analysis of a giant gartersnake (Thamnophis gigas) population projection model
The giant gartersnake (Thamnophis gigas) is a state and federally threatened species precinctive to California. The range of the giant gartersnake has contracted in the last century because its wetland habitat has been drained for agriculture and development. As a result of this habitat alteration, giant gartersnakes now largely persist in and...Rose, Jonathan P.; Ersan, Julia S. M.; Wylie, Glenn D.; Casazza, Michael L.; Halstead, Brian J.
The relative importance of intrinsic and extrinsic drivers to population growth vary among local populations of Greater Sage-Grouse: An integrated population modeling approach
Consideration of ecological scale is fundamental to understanding and managing avian population growth and decline. Empirically driven models for population dynamics and demographic processes across multiple spatial scales can be powerful tools to help guide conservation actions. Integrated population models (IPMs) provide a framework for better...Coates, Peter S.; Prochazka, Brian G.; Ricca, Mark A.; Halstead, Brian J.; Casazza, Michael L.; Blomberg, Erik J.; Brussee, Brianne E.; Wiechman, Lief; Tebbenkamp, Joel; Gardner, Scott C.; Reese, Kerry P.
Lessons from the past: isotopes of an endangered rail as indicators of underlying change to tidal marsh habitats
Introduction: Tidal marsh systems along the Pacific coast of the United States have experienced substantial stress and loss of area and ecosystem function, which we examined by using the endangered California Ridgway’s Rail, Rallus obsoletus obsoletus (‘rail’) as an indicator of its tidal marsh habitat in the San Francisco Estuary....Merritt, Angela M.; Casazza, Michael L.; Overton, Cory T.; Takekawa, John Y.; Hahn, Thomas P.; Hull, Joshua M.
Behavioral response of giant gartersnakes (Thamnophis gigas) to the relative availability of aquatic habitat on the landscape
Most extant giant gartersnake (Thamnophis gigas) populations persist in an agro-ecosystem dominated by rice, which serves as a surrogate to the expansive marshes lost to flood control projects and development of the Great Central Valley of California. Knowledge of how giant gartersnakes use the rice agricultural landscape, including how they...Reyes, Gabriel A.; Halstead, Brian J.; Rose, Jonathan P.; Ersan, Julia S. M.; Jordan, Anna C.; Essert, Allison M.; Fouts, Kristen J.; Fulton, Alexandria M.; Gustafson, K. Benjamin; Wack, Raymund F.; Wylie, Glenn D.; Casazza, Michael L.
Surveillance for highly pathogenic influenza A viruses in California during 2014–2015 provides insights into viral evolutionary pathways and the spatiotemporal extent of viruses in the Pacific Americas Flyway
We used surveillance data collected in California before, concurrent with, and subsequent to an outbreak of highly pathogenic (HP) clade 184.108.40.206 influenza A viruses (IAVs) in 2014–2015 to (i) evaluate IAV prevalence in waterfowl, (ii) assess the evidence for spill-over infections in marine mammals and (iii) genetically characterize low-pathogenic...Ramey, Andrew M.; Hill, Nichola J.; Cline, Troy; Plancarte, Magdalena; De La Cruz, Susan; Casazza, Michael L.; Ackerman, Joshua T.; Fleskes, Joseph; Vickers, T. Winston; Reeves, Andrew; Gulland, Frances; Fontaine, Christine; Prosser, Diann J.; Runstadler, Jonathan; Boyce, Walter M.
An evaluation of the efficacy of using environmental DNA (eDNA) to detect giant gartersnakes (Thamnophis gigas)
Detecting populations of rare or cryptic species is essential for their conservation. For species like giant gartersnakes (Thamnophis gigas), conventional survey methods can be expensive and inefficient. These sampling difficulties might be overcome by modern techniques that detect deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) shed by organisms into the environment...Halstead, Brian J.; Wood, Dustin A.; Bowen, Lizabeth; Waters, Shannon C.; Vandergast, Amy G.; Ersan, Julia S.; Skalos, Shannon M.; Casazza, Michael L.
Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) nesting and brood-rearing microhabitat in Nevada and California—Spatial variation in selection and survival patterns
Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; hereinafter, "sage-grouse") are highly dependent on sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) dominated vegetation communities for food and cover from predators. Although this species requires the presence of sagebrush shrubs in the overstory, it also inhabits a broad geographic distribution with significant...Coates, Peter S.; Brussee, Brianne E.; Ricca, Mark A.; Dudko, Jonathan E.; Prochazka, Brian G.; Espinosa, Shawn P.; Casazza, Michael L.; Delehanty, David J.
Using object-based image analysis to conduct high-resolution conifer extraction at regional spatial scales
The distribution and abundance of pinyon (Pinus monophylla) and juniper (Juniperus osteosperma, J. occidentalis) trees (hereinafter, "pinyon-juniper") in sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystems of the Great Basin in the Western United States has increased substantially since the late 1800s. Distributional expansion and infill of pinyon-juniper into...Coates, Peter S.; Gustafson, K. Benjamin; Roth, Cali L.; Chenaille, Michael P.; Ricca, Mark A.; Mauch, Kimberly; Sanchez-Chopitea, Erika; Kroger, Travis J.; Perry, William M.; Casazza, Michael L.
Patterns in Greater Sage-grouse population dynamics correspond with public grazing records at broad scales
Human land use, such as livestock grazing, can have profound yet varied effects on wildlife interacting within common ecosystems, yet our understanding of land-use effects is often generalized from short-term, local studies that may not correspond with trends at broader scales. Here we used public land records to characterize livestock grazing...Monroe, Adrian; Aldridge, Cameron L.; Assal, Timothy J.; Veblen, Kari E.; Pyke, David A.; Casazza, Michael L.
Pinyon and juniper encroachment into sagebrush ecosystems impacts distribution and survival of greater sage-grouse
In sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystems, encroachment of pinyon (Pinus spp.) and juniper (Juniperus spp.; hereafter, “pinyon-juniper”) trees has increased dramatically since European settlement. Understanding the impacts of this encroachment on behavioral decisions, distributions, and population dynamics of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus...Coates, Peter S.; Prochazka, Brian; Ricca, Mark; Gustafson, K. Ben; Ziegler, Pilar T.; Casazza, Michael L.
In the future of wildlife tracking, sea otters have their own social network.
Livestock grazing effects on sage-grouse: study identifies options to sustain ranching and help wildlife
Effects of livestock grazing on greater sage-grouse populations can be positive or negative depending on the amount of grazing and when grazing occurs, according to research published today in Ecological Applications. The research was conducted by scientists from the United States Geological Survey, Colorado State University and Utah State University.
Slowing fire-related population declines in greater sage-grouse in the Great Basin over the next 30 years may depend on the intensity of fire suppression efforts in core breeding areas and long-term patterns of precipitation, according to a just-published USGS-led study.
|
<urn:uuid:282c86a5-c472-4a77-9fb1-419177be16ef>
| 3
| 2,705
|
About (Pers.)
|
Science & Tech.
| 31.040878
| 95,647,274
|
Please consider donating to Behind the Black, by giving either a one-time contribution or a regular subscription, as outlined in the tip jar to the right or below. Your support will allow me to continue covering science and culture as I have for the past twenty years, independent and free from any outside influence.
In a preprint [pdf] posted today on the astro-ph website, astronomers outline the discovery of a star more like a twin of the Sun than any previously discovered. The star is located in the galactic star cluster M67, 3000 light years away. The similarity is so close that the scientists even speculate that the Sun itself might have formed in this same cluster, 4.5 billion years ago. Key quote from paper:
The similarity of the age and overall composition of the Sun with the corresponding data of M67, and in particular the agreement of the detailed chemical composition of the Sun with that of M67-1194, could suggest that the Sun has formed in this very cluster. According to the numerical simulations by Hurley et al. (2005) the cluster has lost more than 80% of its stars by tidal interaction with the Galaxy, in particular when passing the Galactic plane, and the Sun might be one of those. We note that the orbit of the cluster encloses, within its apocentre and pericentre, the solar orbit. However, the cluster has an orbit extending to much higher Galactic latitudes, presently it is close to its vertical apex at z = 0.41 kpc (Davenport & Sandquist 2010), while the Sun does not reach beyond z = 80 pc (Innanen, Patrick & Duley 1978). Thus, in order for this hypothesis of an M67 origin of the Sun to be valid, it must have been dispersed from the cluster into an orbit precisely in the plane of the Galactic disk, which seems improbable.
The last sentences above refer to the different orbital inclinations of the galactic orbits of both the Sun and M67. M67’s orbital inclination is far steeper. While M67 is presently about 1350 light years (410 parsecs) above the galactic plane, the Sun’s orbit never takes it more than 261 light years above the plane.
One more point of interest: M67 is a well known object to amateur astronomers, located in the constellation Cancer.
|
<urn:uuid:35b9c227-3bba-4a95-afc8-fe8838ef536c>
| 3.078125
| 481
|
Personal Blog
|
Science & Tech.
| 49.286963
| 95,647,293
|
Species Detail - Polysiphonia elongata - Species information displayed is based on all datasets.
Terrestrial Map - 10kmDistribution of the number of records recorded within each 10km grid square (ITM).
Marine Map - 50kmDistribution of the number of records recorded within each 50km grid square (WGS84).
1 January (recorded in 1987)
31 December (recorded in 1914)
National Biodiversity Data Centre, Ireland, Polysiphonia elongata, accessed 23 July 2018, <https://maps.biodiversityireland.ie/Species/251>
|
<urn:uuid:02e94298-c7eb-496a-b46f-69d2309570a5>
| 2.53125
| 127
|
Structured Data
|
Science & Tech.
| 30.984522
| 95,647,303
|
Flask is a python microframework. Aimed mainly at small applications and quick development.
Ranked in these QuestionsQuestion Ranking
Pro Lots of resources available online
Flask is one of the most popular Python web frameworks, if not the most popular one. As such, there's plenty of guides, tutorials, and libraries available for it. A large number of important Python libraries, such as SQLAlchemy have libraries for Flask, which add valuable bindings to make the development process and the integration between these libraries and Flask as easy as possible.
Pro Extremely easy to build a quick prototype
Even though it's pretty minimalistic out of the box, Flask still provides the necessary tools to build a quick prototype for a web app right after a fresh install. With all the main components pretty much packed in the
flask package, building a simple web app in a single Python file is as easy as it gets.
Pro Minimalist without losing power
Flask is very easy to get up and going, with vanilla HTML or with bootstrap pieces. It doesn't take much lines of Python to load Flask to get headers working, etc, and since it's all modular you don't have to have something you don't want in your application.
Pro Very flexible
Flask gives developers a lot of flexibility in how they develop their web applications.
For example, the choice of not having an ORM, but instead choosing one suited to the task, or another area where Flask gives a lot of options to developers is the templating. They can use Jinja2, Flask's default templating language or choose from a number of different templating languages they desire.
Pro Great documentation
The official documentation is very thorough and complete. Everything is explained in-depth and followed by extremely well-explained tutorials that tackle real-world problems.
Con Not async-friendly
Flask is explicitly not designed to handle async programming.
Con Setting up a large project requires some previous knowledge of the framework
Setting up a large project with Flask is not that easy considering how there's no "official" way of doing it. Blueprints are a useful tool in this regard but require some additional reading and are a bit tricky to get right for a beginner.
The lack of some defaults can also be problematic. Having to choose between different libraries for a certain task is never easy, especially if you have never worked with Flask before.
Con Threadlocals and globals used everywhere
The default way of creating applications in flask makes it hard to use reusable and clean code.
|
<urn:uuid:2bc5c140-8f2b-49bb-a28b-c324243372f0>
| 2.546875
| 525
|
User Review
|
Software Dev.
| 41.645931
| 95,647,326
|
Blood is essentially an aqueous solution but it must transport a variety of non polar substances (hormones for example). Colloidal proteins, termed albumins, facillitate this transport. Must these albumins be polar or nonpolar?© BrainMass Inc. brainmass.com July 18, 2018, 7:03 am ad1c9bdddf
Since plasma is made up primarily of water, it is essentially a polar medium. Nonpolar compounds, such as many hormones and fatty acids, need to be transported in plasma by binding to albumins and other plasma proteins. Therefore, such proteins must have hydrophobic or nonpolar binding regions ...
|
<urn:uuid:a4f68b76-e066-418f-9775-869b370be588>
| 2.9375
| 137
|
Truncated
|
Science & Tech.
| 45.132566
| 95,647,361
|
The TRMM satellite passed directly above a recently formed tropical cyclone in the Arabian Sea on November 2, 2011 at 0350 UTC (11:50 p.m. EDT, Nov. 1). An analysis of rainfall was done using TRMM's Microwave Imager (TMI) and Precipitation Radar (PR) instruments.
This 3-D image from the TRMM satellite was captured on Nov. 2, 2011 at 0350 UTC (11:50 p.m. EDT, Nov. 1). Thunderstorms within Keila were reaching to heights of almost 17km (~10.6 miles).
Credit: SSAI/NASA, Hal Pierce
TRMM data showed that rainfall rates with tropical storm Keila ranged from light to moderate along the south-eastern coast of Oman. Moderate to heavy rainfall was revealed to be spiraling into Keila's center of circulation in the Arabian Sea near the southeastern coast of Oman.
TRMM Precipitation Radar data was used to create a 3-D vertical structure of Tropical Storm Keila. It showed that a few towers near Keila's center were reaching heights of about 13 km (~8.1 miles). Powerful storms were shown in a large feeder band converging into Kelia from the Arabian Sea.
At 1500 UTC (11 a.m. EDT) today, Nov. 2, Tropical Storm Keila had maximum sustained winds near 35 knots (40 mph). Keila's center was over the Yemen coast and about 630 nautical miles northeast of Aden, Yemen. It was near 17.0 North and 54.9 East. Although Keila was moving at 5 knots (6 mph) to the northeast, a building mid-level ridge (elongated area) of high pressure is building to the north of the storm, and will re-route it to the west-southwest.
Also this morning, infrared data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on NASA's Aqua satellite saw a burst of convection (developing thunderstorms) around the center of circulation and a band of thunderstorms to the south of the center.
Keila is expected to weaken a little as it continues to interact with the coastline, but slowly intensify tomorrow or Friday because of warm sea surface temperatures.
Keila made landfall early today (Nov. 2) in Oman, and is forecast to track to the west-southwest along the Oman and Yemen coastlines.Text credit: Rob Gutro/Hal Pierce
Rob Gutro | EurekAlert!
New research calculates capacity of North American forests to sequester carbon
16.07.2018 | University of California - Santa Cruz
Scientists discover Earth's youngest banded iron formation in western China
12.07.2018 | University of Alberta
For the first time ever, scientists have determined the cosmic origin of highest-energy neutrinos. A research group led by IceCube scientist Elisa Resconi, spokesperson of the Collaborative Research Center SFB1258 at the Technical University of Munich (TUM), provides an important piece of evidence that the particles detected by the IceCube neutrino telescope at the South Pole originate from a galaxy four billion light-years away from Earth.
To rule out other origins with certainty, the team led by neutrino physicist Elisa Resconi from the Technical University of Munich and multi-wavelength...
For the first time a team of researchers have discovered two different phases of magnetic skyrmions in a single material. Physicists of the Technical Universities of Munich and Dresden and the University of Cologne can now better study and understand the properties of these magnetic structures, which are important for both basic research and applications.
Whirlpools are an everyday experience in a bath tub: When the water is drained a circular vortex is formed. Typically, such whirls are rather stable. Similar...
Physicists working with Roland Wester at the University of Innsbruck have investigated if and how chemical reactions can be influenced by targeted vibrational excitation of the reactants. They were able to demonstrate that excitation with a laser beam does not affect the efficiency of a chemical exchange reaction and that the excited molecular group acts only as a spectator in the reaction.
A frequently used reaction in organic chemistry is nucleophilic substitution. It plays, for example, an important role in in the synthesis of new chemical...
Optical spectroscopy allows investigating the energy structure and dynamic properties of complex quantum systems. Researchers from the University of Würzburg present two new approaches of coherent two-dimensional spectroscopy.
"Put an excitation into the system and observe how it evolves." According to physicist Professor Tobias Brixner, this is the credo of optical spectroscopy....
Ultra-short, high-intensity X-ray flashes open the door to the foundations of chemical reactions. Free-electron lasers generate these kinds of pulses, but there is a catch: the pulses vary in duration and energy. An international research team has now presented a solution: Using a ring of 16 detectors and a circularly polarized laser beam, they can determine both factors with attosecond accuracy.
Free-electron lasers (FELs) generate extremely short and intense X-ray flashes. Researchers can use these flashes to resolve structures with diameters on the...
13.07.2018 | Event News
12.07.2018 | Event News
03.07.2018 | Event News
17.07.2018 | Information Technology
17.07.2018 | Materials Sciences
17.07.2018 | Power and Electrical Engineering
|
<urn:uuid:2e4202c0-a515-4b4e-a1a4-6ed80cac88c9>
| 2.640625
| 1,143
|
Content Listing
|
Science & Tech.
| 51.885755
| 95,647,396
|
Predation risk influences feeding rates but competition structures space use for a common Pacific parrotfish
- 564 Downloads
In terrestrial systems it is well known that the spatial patterns of grazing by herbivores can influence the structure of primary producer communities. On coral reefs, the consequences of varied space use by herbivores on benthic community structure are not well understood, nor are the relative influences of bottom-up (resource abundance and quality), horizontal (competition), and top-down (predation risk) factors in affecting spatial foraging behaviors of mobile herbivorous fishes. In the current study we quantified space use and feeding rates of the parrotfish, Chlorurus spilurus, across a strong gradient of food resources and predator and competitor abundance across two islands with drastically different fisheries management schemes. We found evidence that while feeding rates of this species are affected by direct interference competition and chronic predation risk, space use appears to be primarily related to exploitative competition with the surrounding herbivore community. We found no evidence that predation risk influences diurnal foraging space use in this small bodied parrotfish species. Additionally, we found the influence of chronic predation risk on feeding rates of this species to be less dramatic than the results of recent studies that used model predators to measure acute behavioral responses of other species of herbivorous fishes. Our results indicate that the non-consumptive effects of predators on the foraging behaviors of coral reef herbivores may be less dramatic than previously thought.
KeywordsHerbivory Coral reef Territory size Foraging behavior Chronic risk
This work was made possible by The Nature Conservancy, US Fish and Wildlife Service, the Palmyra Atoll Research Consortium, Richard B. Gump South Pacific Research Station, and the Mo’orea Coral Reef Long Term Ecological Research Program (National Science Foundation Grant OCE1637396). Funding was provided by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation as a part of the Reefs Tomorrow Initiative, The Marisla Foundation, and the American Academy of Underwater Sciences. We thank J. Schem and J. Eurich for field assistance; staff at Palmyra Station and Gump Station; C. Lowe, D. McCauley, and S. Hamilton for valuable discussion and comments on the manuscript; and the three reviewers and handling editor for advice and insight on improvements to the original manuscript. This is Contribution Number PARC-0134 from the Palmyra Atoll Research Consortium.
Author contribution statement
KD, PMC, and JEC conceived of and designed the study. All authors performed fieldwork. KD performed analysis and wrote the manuscript. All authors provided editorial advice.
Compliance with ethical standards
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
- Heenan A et al (2014) Ecological monitoring 2012–2013: reef fishes and benthic habitats of the main Hawaiian Islands, American Samoa, and Pacific Remote Island Areas. PIFSC Data Report DR-14-003Google Scholar
- Ripley B et al (2015) Package ‘MASS’. Retrieved from CRAN: http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/MASS/MASS.pdf
- Brooks A (2015) MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Long-term Population and Community Dynamics: Fishes, ongoing since 2005. knb-lter-mcr.6.54 doi: 10.6073/pasta/d688610e536f54885a3c59d287f6c4c3
- Carlson PM, Davis K, Warner RR, Caselle JE (in revision) Bottom-up rescource dynamics drive dramatic differences in the fine scale feeding behavior of a large coral reef herbivoreGoogle Scholar
- Clements KD, German DP, Piché J, Tribollet A, Choat JH (2016) Integrating ecological roles and trophic diversification on coral reefs: multiple lines of evidence identify parrotfishes as microphages. Biol J Linn, SocGoogle Scholar
- Dubin RE, Baker JD (1982) 2 types of cover-seeking behavior at sunset by the princess parrotfish, scarus-taeniopterus, at Barbados West-Indies. Bull Mar Sci 32:572–583Google Scholar
- Evans MR (1996) Nectar and flower production of Lobelia telekii inflorescences, and their influence on territorial behaviour of the scarlet-tufted malachite sunbird (Nectarinia johnstoni). Biol J Linn Soc 57:89–105Google Scholar
- Green AL, Bellwood DR (2009) Monitoring functional groups of herbivorous reef fishes as indicators of coral reef resilience – A practical guide for coral reef managers in the Asia Pacific region. In: IUCN working group on climate change and coral reefs. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, p 70Google Scholar
- Hernández L, Laundré JW (2005) Foraging in the ‘landscape of fear’ and its implications for habitat use and diet quality of elk Cervus elaphus and bison Bison bison. Wildl. Biol. 11:215–220. doi:10.2981/0909-6396(2005)11[215:fitlof]2.0.co;2Google Scholar
- Jackson J, Donovan M, Cramer K, Lam V (2014) Status and trends of Caribbean coral reefs: 1970–2012. Global Coral Reef Monitoring NetworkGoogle Scholar
- Leenhardt P, Moussa RM, Galzin R (2012) Reef and lagoon fisheries yields in Moorea: a summary of data collected. Secr Pac Community Fish Newsl 137:27–35Google Scholar
- Seastedt T, MacLean S (1979) Territory size and composition in relation to resource abundance in Lapland Longspurs breeding in arctic Alaska. The Auk 131–142Google Scholar
- Warner R (1991) The use of phenotypic plasticity in coral reef fishes as tests of theory in evolutionary ecology. The ecology of fishes on coral reefs. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 387–398Google Scholar
|
<urn:uuid:aba7ed69-1325-4140-a5a9-a383baa2b605>
| 2.828125
| 1,299
|
Academic Writing
|
Science & Tech.
| 38.9075
| 95,647,407
|
Changes in land use are responsible for about 9% of all global CO2 emissions. The recent reports say that the carbon dioxide emissions have increased up to two percent this year after a three years straight graph. China is the country which stands at the top list in contributing to the amount of the disastrous gas. The IPCC carbon budget includes methodologies to reduce the emission levels. Countries that signed the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change adopted a target to stop the average global temperature from rising before it reaches 2°C above pre-industrial levels. The Fifth Assessment Report of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) quantifies the global maximum CO2 the world can still emit and also have a likely chance of keeping global average temperature rise below 2°C above pre-industrial temperatures. It reports that the goal is likely to be met if cumulative emissions (including the 535 GtC emitted by the end of 2013) do not exceed 1 trillion tonnes of carbon (PgC).
A gigatonne of carbon (1 GtC) is the same as a petagram of carbon (1 PgC). If you accept the 2°C target, the world needs to emit no more than 465 GtC by the time carbon emissions end. Many developing countries also support a reduction in the target to keep global average temperature increases below 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. According to the recent estimates an average of 2.57 million pounds (1.16 million kilograms) of carbon dioxide is being spewed into the air every second. The ultimate goal is to limit the temperature rise below 2 degree Celsius.
Fujitsu Partners Oracle and SAP: To Accelerate Cloud Transformation and Leverage Multi-Cloud Solution
|
<urn:uuid:d36540fe-4a77-45bd-8f01-034575edee4b>
| 3.34375
| 348
|
News Article
|
Science & Tech.
| 44.744283
| 95,647,408
|
But scientists have come to realize that an even more acute danger than climate change is lurking in the world's oceans—one that is likely to be triggered by CO2 levels that are modest by climate standards.
Ocean acidification could devastate coral reefs and other marine ecosystems even if atmospheric carbon dioxide stabilizes at 450 ppm, a level well below that of many climate change forecasts, report chemical oceanographers Long Cao and Ken Caldeira of the Carnegie Institution's Department of Global Ecology in the journal Geophysical Research Letters.
The researchers' conclusions are based on computer simulations of ocean chemistry stabilized at atmospheric CO2 levels ranging from 280 parts per million (pre-industrial levels) to 2000 ppm. Present levels are 380 ppm and rapidly rising due to accelerating emissions from human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels.
This study was initiated as a result of Caldeira's testimony before a Congressional subcommittee on Fisheries, Wildlife and Oceans in April of 2007. At that time he was asked what stabilization level would be needed to preserve the marine environment, but had to answer that no such study had yet addressed that question. Cao and Caldeira's study helps fill the gap.
Atmospheric CO2 absorbed by the oceans' surface water produces carbonic acid, the same acid that gives soft drinks their fizz, making certain carbonate minerals dissolve more readily in seawater. This is especially true for aragonite, the mineral used by corals and many other marine organisms to grow their skeletons. For corals to be able to build reefs, which requires rapid growth and strong skeletons, the surrounding water needs to be highly supersaturated with aragonite.
"Before the industrial revolution, over 98% of warm water coral reefs were surrounded by open ocean waters at least 3.5 times supersaturated with aragonite" says Cao. "But even if atmospheric CO2 stabilizes at the current level of 380 ppm, fewer than half of existing coral reef will remain in such an environment. If the levels stabilize at 450 ppm, fewer than 10% of reefs would be in waters with the kind of chemistry that has sustained coral reefs in the past."
For the ecologically productive cold waters near the poles, the prospects are equally grim, says Cao. "At atmospheric CO2 levels as low as 450 ppm, large parts of the Southern Ocean, the Arctic Ocean, and the North Pacific would experience a rise in acidity that would violate US Environmental Protection Agency water quality standards." Under those conditions the shells of many marine organisms would dissolve, including those at the base of the food chain.
"If current trends in CO2 emissions continue unabated," says Caldeira, "in the next few decades, we will produce chemical conditions in the oceans that have not been seen for tens of millions of years. We are doing something very profound to our oceans. Ecosystems like coral reefs that have been around for many millions of years just won't be able to cope with the change."
"When you go to the seashore, the oceans seem huge," he adds. "It's hard to imagine we could wreck it all. But if we want our children to enjoy a healthy ocean, we need to start cutting carbon emissions now."
Global study of world's beaches shows threat to protected areas
19.07.2018 | NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
NSF-supported researchers to present new results on hurricanes and other extreme events
19.07.2018 | National Science Foundation
A new manufacturing technique uses a process similar to newspaper printing to form smoother and more flexible metals for making ultrafast electronic devices.
The low-cost process, developed by Purdue University researchers, combines tools already used in industry for manufacturing metals on a large scale, but uses...
For the first time ever, scientists have determined the cosmic origin of highest-energy neutrinos. A research group led by IceCube scientist Elisa Resconi, spokesperson of the Collaborative Research Center SFB1258 at the Technical University of Munich (TUM), provides an important piece of evidence that the particles detected by the IceCube neutrino telescope at the South Pole originate from a galaxy four billion light-years away from Earth.
To rule out other origins with certainty, the team led by neutrino physicist Elisa Resconi from the Technical University of Munich and multi-wavelength...
For the first time a team of researchers have discovered two different phases of magnetic skyrmions in a single material. Physicists of the Technical Universities of Munich and Dresden and the University of Cologne can now better study and understand the properties of these magnetic structures, which are important for both basic research and applications.
Whirlpools are an everyday experience in a bath tub: When the water is drained a circular vortex is formed. Typically, such whirls are rather stable. Similar...
Physicists working with Roland Wester at the University of Innsbruck have investigated if and how chemical reactions can be influenced by targeted vibrational excitation of the reactants. They were able to demonstrate that excitation with a laser beam does not affect the efficiency of a chemical exchange reaction and that the excited molecular group acts only as a spectator in the reaction.
A frequently used reaction in organic chemistry is nucleophilic substitution. It plays, for example, an important role in in the synthesis of new chemical...
Optical spectroscopy allows investigating the energy structure and dynamic properties of complex quantum systems. Researchers from the University of Würzburg present two new approaches of coherent two-dimensional spectroscopy.
"Put an excitation into the system and observe how it evolves." According to physicist Professor Tobias Brixner, this is the credo of optical spectroscopy....
13.07.2018 | Event News
12.07.2018 | Event News
03.07.2018 | Event News
20.07.2018 | Power and Electrical Engineering
20.07.2018 | Information Technology
20.07.2018 | Materials Sciences
|
<urn:uuid:ea43f8c2-92ee-4434-b3c3-546ee2f97223>
| 4.0625
| 1,225
|
Content Listing
|
Science & Tech.
| 40.141135
| 95,647,411
|
Earth Observation Sensors
The sensors mounted on earth observation satellites for monitoring natural resources and the environment can be broadly classified as optical sensors or microwave driven radars. Their use will depend on the application, although as they both have their own particular characteristics, they compensate each other.
The majority of multi-spectrum type optical sensors, for example, are suitable for collecting large volumes of information and combining colors, while panchromatic sensors are effective in acquiring high-resolution pictures. Microwave driven, all-weather synthetic aperture radars are useful for day and night observations.
NEC has advanced technologies and abundant experience in both optical sensors and radars.
|
<urn:uuid:e1eebe97-e86b-4dc3-b214-a2bf9c067390>
| 3.5
| 134
|
Knowledge Article
|
Science & Tech.
| 2.549075
| 95,647,422
|
University of California, San Diego researchers have tried a CRISPR-based gene drive in mice, according to Nature News.
Researchers in the UK developed heritable Cas9-mediated mammalian genome editing that is acutely controlled by a cheap lysine derivative.
University of California, San Diego, researchers have developed a gene drive to control a fruit-destroying fly.
Sometimes genetic tests give inconclusive results and provide little reassurance to patients, the Associated Press reports.
Vox wonders whether gene-editing crops will be viewed similarly as genetically modified organisms of if people will give them a try.
In Science this week: research regulation and reporting requirement reform, and more.
With H3Africa, Charles Rotimi has been working to bolster the representation of African participants and African researchers in genomics, Newsweek reports.
|
<urn:uuid:3fc38bc8-31b9-4031-b19b-f93d782b13cd>
| 2.984375
| 169
|
Content Listing
|
Science & Tech.
| 9.894016
| 95,647,431
|
Authors: K. Kumar, E.H. Yang
Affilation: Stevens Institute of Technology, United States
Pages: 199 - 201
Keywords: graphene, atomic force microscope, oxidation lithography
In this work, we study Atomic Force Microscope local oxidation lithography to precisely fabricate nanometer-scale structures from graphene, a recently discovered material with exceptional electrical properties. We have systematically studied oxidation parameters (electric field, humidity, setpoint, tip speed, etc) with relation to oxidized feature size to determine the optimal conditions for less than 50 nm pattern line width. Using this optimized technique, we have oxidized nanometer sized features on single and few layer graphene and drawn insulating patterns on highly ordered pyrolyzed graphite. Forthcoming experiments include the patterning of less than 20 nm features on single-layer graphene to create quantum dots for electron transport studies.
Nanotech Conference Proceedings are now published in the TechConnect Briefs
|
<urn:uuid:14fd77a4-53f1-4954-b796-8908e2be396b>
| 2.546875
| 195
|
Academic Writing
|
Science & Tech.
| 2.227857
| 95,647,441
|
Ruby's for loop works on a list of items, and it iterates over them, one by one.
For example, here is a for loop that iterates over the items in an array, displaying each in turn:
for i in [1,2,3] do puts( i ) end
The for loop is more like the "for each" iterator.
The items over which the loop iterates don't have to be integers. This works just as well:
for s in ['one','two','three'] do puts( s ) end
Ruby for is "syntax sugar" for the each method, which is implemented by collection types such as Arrays, Sets, Hashes, and Strings.
This is one of the for loops shown earlier rewritten using the each method:
[1,2,3].each do |i| puts( i ) end
The following examples shows how similar for loops are to each iterators.
# --- Example 1 --- # i) for # from www . j a v a 2s . com for s in ['one','two','three'] do puts( s ) end # ii) each ['one','two','three'].each do |s| puts( s ) end # --- Example 2 --- # i) for for x in [1, "two", [3,4,5] ] do puts( x ) end # ii) each [1, "two", [3,4,5] ].each do |x| puts( x ) end
The do keyword is optional in a for loop that spans multiple lines, but it is obligatory when it is written on a single line:
# Here the 'do' keyword can be omitted for s in ['one','two','three'] puts( s ) # from w ww. j ava 2 s . co m end # But here it is required for s in ['one','two','three'] do puts( s ) end
This example shows how both for and each can be used to iterate over the values in a range:
# for for s in 1..3 puts( s ) # from ww w . jav a2 s . c o m end # each (1..3).each do |s| puts(s) end
|
<urn:uuid:c6506f3b-1a68-4f17-b6c1-4bbcaec5e2b9>
| 3.78125
| 477
|
Documentation
|
Software Dev.
| 93.858797
| 95,647,454
|
Researchers at MIT and Rice University have discovered that microRNAs, an emerging class of non-protein gene regulators thus far only identified in animals, also exist in plants. By extending the known phylogenetic range of miRNAs to plants, this work points to an ancient evolutionary origin for microRNAs. The report is published in the July 1 issue of the scientific journal Genes & Development.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) compose a class of short, noncoding RNAs, 20-24-nucleotides in length, that have been found in eukaryotic organisms ranging from roundworms, to fruit flies, to humans. The founding members of this class of RNAs are lin-4 and let-7, two small RNAs that are processed from a longer stem-loop structure by the Dicer enzyme, and function to control developmental timing in the roundworm C. elegans. Over 150 other miRNAs have since been found in animals.
Dr. David Bartel and colleagues have discovered that miRNAs are also present in plants, where they, like their animal counterparts, may also regulate gene expression during development.
Heather Cosel | EurekAlert!
NYSCF researchers develop novel bioengineering technique for personalized bone grafts
18.07.2018 | New York Stem Cell Foundation
Pollen taxi for bacteria
18.07.2018 | Technische Universität München
For the first time ever, scientists have determined the cosmic origin of highest-energy neutrinos. A research group led by IceCube scientist Elisa Resconi, spokesperson of the Collaborative Research Center SFB1258 at the Technical University of Munich (TUM), provides an important piece of evidence that the particles detected by the IceCube neutrino telescope at the South Pole originate from a galaxy four billion light-years away from Earth.
To rule out other origins with certainty, the team led by neutrino physicist Elisa Resconi from the Technical University of Munich and multi-wavelength...
For the first time a team of researchers have discovered two different phases of magnetic skyrmions in a single material. Physicists of the Technical Universities of Munich and Dresden and the University of Cologne can now better study and understand the properties of these magnetic structures, which are important for both basic research and applications.
Whirlpools are an everyday experience in a bath tub: When the water is drained a circular vortex is formed. Typically, such whirls are rather stable. Similar...
Physicists working with Roland Wester at the University of Innsbruck have investigated if and how chemical reactions can be influenced by targeted vibrational excitation of the reactants. They were able to demonstrate that excitation with a laser beam does not affect the efficiency of a chemical exchange reaction and that the excited molecular group acts only as a spectator in the reaction.
A frequently used reaction in organic chemistry is nucleophilic substitution. It plays, for example, an important role in in the synthesis of new chemical...
Optical spectroscopy allows investigating the energy structure and dynamic properties of complex quantum systems. Researchers from the University of Würzburg present two new approaches of coherent two-dimensional spectroscopy.
"Put an excitation into the system and observe how it evolves." According to physicist Professor Tobias Brixner, this is the credo of optical spectroscopy....
Ultra-short, high-intensity X-ray flashes open the door to the foundations of chemical reactions. Free-electron lasers generate these kinds of pulses, but there is a catch: the pulses vary in duration and energy. An international research team has now presented a solution: Using a ring of 16 detectors and a circularly polarized laser beam, they can determine both factors with attosecond accuracy.
Free-electron lasers (FELs) generate extremely short and intense X-ray flashes. Researchers can use these flashes to resolve structures with diameters on the...
13.07.2018 | Event News
12.07.2018 | Event News
03.07.2018 | Event News
18.07.2018 | Life Sciences
18.07.2018 | Materials Sciences
18.07.2018 | Health and Medicine
|
<urn:uuid:247cbc03-c01b-4b41-a373-f32e7f03f25d>
| 3.53125
| 874
|
Content Listing
|
Science & Tech.
| 40.857974
| 95,647,481
|
Major- and minor-element concentration data are important for the classification of meteorites (particularly when the original petrologic structure has been altered), and for the detection of fractionations within genetic groups. The content of these elements together with temperature and pressure determines the mineralogical composition and O2 fugacity of the system. Bulk-composition data are thus important reference materials for a wide range of meteorite studies. Although trace-element data (discussed in Chapter VII) are also important for classification and fractionation studies, they are less important for petrologic investigations.
KeywordsBulk Composition Iron Meteorite Bulk Analysis Enstatite Chondrite Petrologic Investigation
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
|
<urn:uuid:67ec543e-78be-417c-ba91-f9d634fcd927>
| 2.71875
| 148
|
Truncated
|
Science & Tech.
| -10.624969
| 95,647,519
|