text stringlengths 672 9.77k | entropy float64 0.13 5.62 | num_tokens int64 155 1.02k | num_pred_tokens int64 153 1.02k |
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ductive physicalism requires explanatory reduction (at least
in principle) whereas the distinguishing feature of emergentism is that it denies explanatory reduction and is committed to an explanatory gap. Crane argues that if you have supervenience with in-principle irreducibility and downward causation then you have d... | 1.42201 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
real emergence and champions what he calls the “radical view” of emergence according to which emergence is a common phenomenon that applies to all novel macro-properties of systems. (He contrasts this to what he calls the “sparse view” which he characterizes as the view that emergence is a rare phenomenon found only i... | 1.533754 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
is made concerning how novelty is understood is the distinction between synchronic and diachronic novelty. The former is novelty exhibited in the properties of a system vis-à-vis the properties of its constituent parts at a particular time; the latter is temporal novelty in the sense that a property or state is novel ... | 1.288649 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
O’Connor’s view includes a strong notion of downward causation (and the denial of causal closure–roughly, the principle that all physical effects are entirely determined by, or have their chances entirely determined by, prior physical events) and the possibility that an emergent state can generate another emergent sta... | 1.292209 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
the other hand, we have causally efficacious emergent phenomena. In other words, Kim claims that what seem to be cases of emergent causation are just epiphenomena because ultimately the only way to instantiate an emergent property is to instantiate its base. So, saying that higher level properties are causally efficac... | 1.628595 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
case of life and chemical bonding of the British emergentists. However, though these objections can be construed as viable objections to some forms of weak emergence they fail to affect strong emergence (which was their target) because it is concerned with in principle unpredictability as a result of irreducibility.
T... | 1.318159 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
David, “Strong and Weak Emergence”. In P. Clayton and P. Davies, eds, The Re-emergence of EmergenceOxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. On weak and strong emergence. Clark, Andy, Being There: Putting Brain, Body, and World Together Again. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997. Clark, Andy, Mindware: An Introduction to the ... | 0.825586 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
marked the beginning of the British emergentist tradition. Mitchell, Sandra D., Unsimple Truths. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2009. A very good account of emergence in science. Morgan, C.L., Emergent Evolution.London: Williams and Norgate, 1923. Nagel, Ernest, The Structure of Science. London: ... | 1.070658 | 1,022 | 1,020 |
Satellite images show that icebergs have begun to calve from the northern front of the Wilkins Ice Shelf indicating that the huge shelf has become unstable. This follows the collapse three weeks ago of the ice bridge that had previously linked the Antarctic mainland to Charcot Island.
The ice bridge, which effectively ... | 1.563071 | 979 | 977 |
Life sure changes when you begin to dance in step with the Dark, using your god-given dark abilities and skills. For example, life becomes more fun because you don’t get as frustrated since you are aware that you have the right to speak up and stand your ground. Though it would take a book to define all the ways that y... | 1.864114 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
them up, I began to see that they were much different than the rules I had used with Danielle when I was still single, and of course, which she constantly managed to forget and break.
When we were done she asked to go out and play. I felt somewhat let down. I had expected some big magical change to suddenly take place... | 1.542728 | 1,007 | 1,005 |
The following article is included in Winter 06 Family Business magazine's special issue on family business boards:
A Corporate Early-Warning System In the post-Sarbanes-Oxley environment, companies are seeking to reduce their risk of failure. Here’s an effective way for family business leaders and boards of directors t... | 1.731915 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
light of the risks that already existed.
A new way to measure risk
We have spent the last eight years conducting research with companies in the United States and Canada, Europe, Asia and Australia to try to understand the underlying causes of business failure. Much of this research came together in the 2003 book Why S... | 1.857092 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
June 8, 2012 - Forgive me, but I’m going to get on my soapbox for a moment. The issue I am going to discuss within this blog post is one I hold very close to my heart: Female inequalities. Throughout the developing world, women are disproportionately affected by the hardships of poverty. In general, women tend to suffe... | 1.664561 | 1,013 | 1,012 |
As a previous regular donor to my local British Heart Foundation (BHF) store, I wish to complain about your organisation’s use of ‘workfare’ placements along with the misleading information about the nature of the schemes on BHF’s website.
You state on your website that:
“Our shops rely on the efforts of paid staff, vo... | 1.692451 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
of those with a heart condition and the charity’s desire to gain free labour from workfare schemes.
I believe BHF’s use of workfare workers who may have diagnosed, or undiagnosed heart conditions, and the apparent endorsement of MWA, breaches Hallmark 1 of the Charity Commission’s Hallmarks of an Effective Charity whi... | 1.753567 | 1,017 | 1,014 |
Several students who participated in OU’s Presidential Dream Course on the Great Depression have gone on to garner top honors from the Oklahoma Higher Education Heritage Society and the Western History Association. “Making Modern America: Discovering the Great Depression and the New Deal,” which was team taught by Prof... | 1.604194 | 1,023 | 1,020 |
Modern technology has offered so much to our world. With the wide variety of gadgets and innovations that have been created, people around the world have benefited so much from it. One of the best innovations considered by man is the creation of these iPhone and
Android spy apps which allows a person to keep track of t... | 2.15444 | 992 | 990 |
Xylometazoline hydrochloride CAS No.: 1218-35-5 Synonyms: Formula: C16H25ClN2 Exact Mass: 280.17100 Molecular Weight: 280.83600 PSA: 24.39000 LogP: 3.71150 Reference Price: $1,764/kg Inquiry Now Xylometazoline hydrochloride 1218-35-5 MSDS Xylometazoline Hydrochloride Revision number: 5 SAFETY DATA SHEET Section 1. IDEN... | 0.831955 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
supplied air respirator,
etc. Use respirators approved under appropriate government standards and follow
local and national regulations.
Impervious gloves.
Hand protection: Eye protection:Safety goggles. A face-shield, if the situation requires. Skin and body protection: Impervious protective clothing. Protective boot... | 1.111641 | 1,001 | 999 |
The first time I ever made this soup my husband wrote me a love letter. Really. Nothing says lovin’ like a big pot of hearty beef and bean soup.
The key ingredient is a cut of meat called a shank cross cut. It is sometimes referred to as a center cut. This cut of meat has a roundish bone surrounded by meat. It is very ... | 1.658155 | 1,018 | 1,016 |
FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION
CENTER FOR DRUG EVALUATION AND RESEARCH
MEETING OF THE
PERIPHERAL AND CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DRUGS
ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Holiday Inn
ATTENDEES
COMMITTEE MEMBERS:
CLAUDIA H. KAWAS, M.D., Chair
Professor of Neurology
1121 Gillespie N.R.F.
ANUJA M. PATEL, M.P.H., Executive Secretary
Advisors and ... | 1.237879 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
FDA.
DR. OLIVA: I'm Armando Oliva, Team Leader for the NDA, Division of Neuropharmacological Drug Products.
DR. MANI: Hi. I'm Ranjit Mani. I'm a medical reviewer at the FDA.
DR. PACKER: Roger Packer, child neurologist from Children's
Hospital here in
DR. KAWAS: It gets over quick, you'll see.
DR. KATTAH: Jorge Kattah,... | 1.393113 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
you know, we have currently four treatments approved for Alzheimer's disease but for patients with mild to moderate disease specifically, and this is the first application we've had for a treatment for patients with moderate to severe disease, so-called. So we thought that it raised a number of interesting and importa... | 1.487057 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
that's the MMSE, the Mini-Mental Status Exam, which is a standard exam that's used to rate patient severity. At least in previous Alzheimer's studies, it hasn't been used as a primary outcome, but it has been used to assess cognitive function to designate patients as either mild to moderate in the past, and here, it w... | 1.670144 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
diagnosis, based again on imaging, was different from the diagnosis that the sponsor applied, based on the Hachinski scale.
So we're not exactly sure which patients really had Alzheimer's disease in that study and who didn't. So I'm sure the company will speak about that, but we're interested to know whether or not th... | 1.345857 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
antine is long and complex. Many of the trials were actually conducted after its initial introduction in Germany.
The first large-scale trial, placebo-controlled trial in dementia was performed in nursing homes in Latvia, and these were patients with severe dementia, either Alzheimer's or vascular dementia, all with Mi... | 1.639618 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
olinesterase inhibitor therapy -- did not demonstrate any substantial deterioration from baseline.
As you may be aware in traditional mild to moderate Alzheimer's studies, one of the key attributes of these studies is that they're designed and powered to separate drug from placebo with a general acknowledgement that pl... | 1.65925 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
Dr. Olanoff mentioned that memantine is safe and efficacious. I'm pleased to have the opportunity to tell you about the preclinical pharmacology and the clinical pharmacokinetics of this drug.
We know a great deal about the pharmacology of memantine, receptors with which it interacts, receptors with which it does. Do ... | 1.229442 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
latter two mechanisms that we think may be particularly relevant to its actions in Alzheimer's disease.
All NMDA receptor antagonists, as I mentioned, can block excitotoxicity, but you're probably aware that certain NMDA receptor antagonists have undesirable properties. They can impair learning and memory. They can ha... | 1.315691 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
aries and then for the retrospectively derived BGP-cognitive subscale. They were statistically significantly positive in favor of memantine in both observed case and ITT LOCF analyses.
Here's a closer look at the primary BGP-Care Dependency Scale. Over the course of the 12-week trial, patients randomized to memantine s... | 1.697529 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
to review with you the trial designs for the U.S. trials. In part, I'll do this together because they are fairly similar. Again, the trials to be discussed are 9605 and MD-02. Both require that patients fulfill NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for probable AD, that the patients be outpatients. Both trials were approximately 6 mo... | 1.326625 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
patients randomized to memantine maintained functional activities to a greater extent than patients randomized to placebo.
And lastly, on the Clinician's Interview-Based Impression of Change with caregiver input, clinicians rated patients randomized to memantine as having changed to a lesser degree than patients rando... | 1.508178 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
global efficacy was clearly demonstrated in the two U.S. trials, and global efficacy with regard to function was clearly demonstrated in the initial severe dementia trial.
So with that, I'd like to thank you for your attention. I apologize for going over a bit in time and introduce Dr. Jeff Jonas, Vice President of CN... | 1.445179 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
're now discussing percentages, and in the top row, you see, in the double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, the rates for ADOs are similar between placebo and memantine. Likewise, in the open-label extension, the rates for discontinuation are also similar.
The bottom half of the slide presents a summary of discontinua... | 1.48839 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
inalyses. There were no clinically relevant differences between treatment groups in the mean change from baseline in laboratory values and no clinically relevant differences between treatment groups in the incidence of PCS laboratory values.
This slide presents a summary of the PCS laboratory parameters that were repor... | 1.553331 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
cellular content and circuity that remains until quite late in the disease that represents an opportunity for intervention with a variety of therapies.
The opportunity to impact both the functional as well as the cognitive status of patients in these more severe levels of disease is increased, I think, by this knowled... | 1.977894 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
living, marked here by being able to run water for washing to maintain one's own hygiene, progresses steadily in terms of loss into the severe stages.
And the most fundamental activity of daily living, being able to feed one's self, begins to decline slightly in mild disease, at least as far as choices are concerned, ... | 1.888156 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
much less than if the clinical score was on the order of 14 or 15.
So I'm wondering whether the sponsor did any analysis of covariance or some kind of systematic analysis of the efficacy using the Mini-Mental as a covariate.
DR. OLANOFF: I will ask Dr. Fisher to address that. Before I do, though, I want to emphasize a... | 1.848238 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
had an adjustment for what's called a scanning statistic where you move the cut point along to get the smallest possible p value.
DR. KATZ: I recognize that the sponsor knows why we did that. Just for public purposes and for purposes of the committee's understanding, we didn't choose that arbitrarily. We chose it beca... | 1.848775 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
but a more sort of fundamental question to follow up on Dr. van Belle's question, which is not so much what would you tell a caregiver if your husband or wife has an 8, but first and foremost, do we think it works in the patients with severe, again, severe defined at least in part by an MMSE less than 10.
I think that... | 1.83365 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
pezil as a group, ignoring dropouts, seemed to maintain function over 1 year.
We have a dilemma in this trial in that on average, patients were maintained on donepezil for 2.5 years, and we just gave you the 86-percent statistic for 1 year. At that point, at entry into the study, mean Mini-Mental State scores were 10. ... | 1.782274 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
or indication at this time that the drug wouldn't work in mild patients. We just don't have any data to demonstrate that, and we are pursuing a mild to moderate program, and I would remind you, we did talk briefly about data in mild to moderate vascular dementia patients. Of course, the studies didn't reach the desire... | 1.671526 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
. In the institutional study, the clinicians were observing patients directly. Again, two different trials.
DR. KAWAS: Dr. van Belle, did you have a question?
DR. van BELLE: No.
DR. KAWAS: Dr. Wolinsky?
DR. WOLINSKY: I want to go back to this. I think I heard that the expectation for this class of patients is that they... | 1.908402 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
'm in print about that. But in this package, there are two studies that are clearly positive studies by their predefined endpoints. You may not like the endpoints. 03 is very positive. It didn't have a cognitive endpoint. They went out and got an ad hoc one, mainly because of the mild to moderate criteria in the U.S. T... | 1.939999 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
in the MD-02 study and you don't understand how many people were significantly impaired. If you look at, for instance, level 4, decreased ability to perform complex tasks, this would include things like using a microwave or a telephone or remote control. Approximately 98 percent had at least that level of impairment i... | 1.717121 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
Separately from some other scales, this is a set of ordinal ratings and as you said, Dr. Katz, you're rating patients on ordinal levels, on discreet levels of improvement in these activities, in some basic activities of daily living and then in some more closer to instrumental activities.
So in these trials, we're sho... | 1.958237 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
assess and can value and I think committee members can also do that. And then the degree to which the person can participate in that activity, with supervision with physical help, with supervision and without.
So I think you can assess the degree of clinical significance yourselves as you consider all 19 of the items.... | 1.969101 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
TV, that may be the patient is interacting with the television more, but for instance, the attending to conversation has clinical relevance, I believe, in terms of just communicating with a patient. Can the patient attend to statements and requests by the caregiver?
If we can just put up the next slide just to mention... | 1.810756 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
So we are going to continue to try and get any additional questions or issues answered for the committee or from the sponsor, hoping to break for lunch around noon and continue the meeting in the afternoon as necessary.
So I want to begin by refocusing the discussion on something that is of interest to me in particula... | 1.607671 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
talking about right now, were in a nursing home with Mini-Mentals of below 10. So they were severely demented. I'm trying to get a handle on when you reclassified individuals, did anybody go, for example, based on CT scan with the thalamic lacune, from AD to vascular or is that a minority or maybe even none of the pat... | 1.942858 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
results of the BGP-cog in the FDA-defined population and the other parameters as well.
I would ask Dr. Schneider to come up specifically and talk to the inclusion/exclusion criteria because I think it's important to understand what these patients were and what they weren't.
DR. KAWAS: Before Dr. Schneider, can we look... | 1.610119 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
of the items on the 35-item scale. I realize you can't read them. They are the items that were used in the Care Dependency Subscale that comprised most of the BGP total. Within these items, we highlighted in yellow and italics the 5 items that independent Forest clinicians, without knowing the data, without knowing ou... | 1.768251 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
to have dementia for over 12 months. So we were at least ensuring that patients had chronic dementia.
After that, exclusion criteria were actually fairly severe but very similar to the way we teach many physicians to diagnose Alzheimer's disease, to diagnose the dementia syndrome first and then to make sure that they ... | 1.782562 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
improving in their function. They're better able to communicate, et cetera, which is a more interactive style. It's a very good point.
DR. OLANOFF: I'd like to ask Dr. Tariot to comment because this goes back to the issue of clinical relevance, and I think he had some comments he wanted to make in that context.
DR. TA... | 1.947178 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
, your point is entirely valid. Can you use 9403 on its face as the only study to support a population of Alzheimer's disease? The strength of 9403, if you can value the endpoints, is that it worked in the overall population. That's the way the study was designed.
Taking that as a signal in the AD patient was, in fact,... | 1.707104 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
5, arguably if you correct for multiple comparisons on the ADCS-ADL being the second global, it still makes borderline significance or makes the level of nominal significance. So I think on its face, we would argue that both trials, the U.S. trials, should be considered for purposes of the general support of the produc... | 1.968098 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
's also interesting from the historical standpoint. The add-on study in the mild to moderate disease was designed to see if we could get a study to -- that study recruited, for those who are aware of the problems in recruitment, that study recruited in about 3 months which is extraordinarily fast. Again, it's a populat... | 1.734698 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
rodents and that their clinical significance is unknown, but probably not relevant.
DR. KAWAS: Just for public information, the letter that's being discussed right now is from Dr. John Olney, who is at Washington University School of Medicine, and a copy of this letter is available in the open public hearing documents ... | 1.807045 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
the earlier studies that show clear improvement and that the placebo-drug difference is generated by up-regulation of performance on those testings, in fact, when you look at the magnitude of detectable improvements over time, it's very clear that only a relatively small percentage of people who take esterase inhibito... | 2.043703 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
the therapeutic outcome.
So the three domains of relevance which partly overlap are cognition, function and behavior, and if "all we do" is prevent further emergence of distressing and disruptive behaviors, we've also achieved a therapeutic gain and that may be a driver of prolonged autonomy.
DR. KAWAS: I'm sorry. Dr.... | 1.733959 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
these trials were designed to look at that question. Until proven otherwise, we would assume, if we believe that there's substantial evidence of effectiveness, that these studies would have demonstrated a symptomatic effect, and although over time the differences between drug and placebo persist, in and of itself, we ... | 1.831078 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
vascular dementia trials?
DR. OLANOFF: Right. That's entirely correct.
DR. KAWAS: There's not anything from Alzheimer trials that are available?
DR. OLANOFF: That's correct.
DR. KAWAS: Thank you.
Dr. Kieburtz is going to get the last question after which we are going to break for lunch. Be brief.
DR. KIEBURTZ: The exc... | 1.458294 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
end, we hope to provide family and professional caregivers with new tools to help them perform their important work.
For over six years, my most important job has been to serve as caregiver to my wife Linda. Tragically, she was diagnosed with early onset Alzheimer's disease at the age of 53. Her father had early onset... | 1.956697 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
together. One line that stands out is "get rid of the clutter that strangles your faith."
While not completely gone, her inappropriate fits of anger have abated as my wife more clearly understands why she can't always have her own way. She seems to have found a bit more inner peace and her joy of living, which was the... | 1.891934 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
just having some cold votes, it would probably be useful for the committee to express their thoughts or questions on this matter and see where we are. Do I have any takers? Dr. van Belle.
DR. van BELLE: This is a question to the FDA. I don't quite know how this works. Do you review the proposed protocols of the sponso... | 1.746965 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
KIEBURTZ: But the others were 5 to 14 or 3 to 14 and certainly for the --
DR. TEMPLE: No. I'm sorry. You're right. I'm referring to the analysis that the ‑‑
DR. KIEBURTZ: Oh, yes. I'm sorry.
DR. TEMPLE: About half or roughly half of the patients were below 10 on that score. So it was a mixture of mild ‑‑ I mean, by th... | 1.745393 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
not the critical one of the three that we're supposed to be looking at, is a retrospective classification of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Given all of the difficulties with classification, not that these patients are or aren't severe, but doing something in retrospect to develop or to get approval for a new drug... | 1.930613 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
game plan.
DR. TEMPLE: Actually, it was about half and half. If it had been 10 percent/90 and the company wanted severe, we'd be nervous, I would say, but in this case, and you can look at the individual analyses yourself, it was about half and half, I think. One was slightly more in one direction, the other was sligh... | 1.919244 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
it where it hasn't had that use, and this is where I raise the question about if it didn't behave the way we'd anticipate in mild disease, what would that imply to the FDA in terms of whether or not a drug approved should continue to have that approval.
DR. TEMPLE: Can I try to respond to that? There are two separate ... | 1.813236 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
that's a common problem.
DR. PACKER: But my difficulty with that ‑‑ and I agree that lumping and splitting can be very difficult, especially when you're using very subjective criteria.
I think there has to be tremendous care taken when you're evaluating a drug or an approach where the best you can probably do is stabi... | 1.801019 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
my dementia as fairly severe.
In the so-called MD-02 study, roughly 40 percent of patients, so a slightly different proportion or a significantly different proportion, had FAST scores of 6 or worse. So we just want to make the point that these patients were included. They were assessed in a quantifiable way that's les... | 1.910377 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
‑ they're not numbered, so I can't tell it ‑‑ there are data on the effect compared to placebo in people of every severity with an MMSE of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, so on. Yes, that one. On the SIB, if you wanted to read tea leaves which is the best you can do with these small data sets, it sort of looks like the effect is simila... | 1.654088 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
this group and cognition is an important part of moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease and it's not clear why in future studies -- I'm not criticizing or commenting on this one in particular -- but that why cognition shouldn't remain an important co-primary, along with some global measure.
DR. KATZ: Well, right. I do... | 1.813142 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
and that the data that came from that is valid.
DR. KAWAS: A double yes.
That makes me. I basically, as I said before, think that the optimal design should include both the measure of cognition and the measure of global. In fact, one of the studies did not embrace that as its primary outcomes but we did see the data t... | 1.79291 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
as a pivotal study because it was not significant in its primary outcome measure on the global.
However, my recall is that the significance on that was a .06, which made it awfully close. So for my personal thinking, the Latvian study was very useful in overcoming that lack of significance on the CIBIC on the 05 study... | 1.705296 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
we didn't have to hear any of this dialogue. We could just look at the p values and decide if it was significant or not. So I do object to sort of throwing out the data and trying to evaluate it into a vacuum.
DR. KATZ: Right. I don't think we should throw away data. I'm just trying to assess what weight people give t... | 1.696933 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
very severe group that we have shown efficacy, with those caveats, I think I'll vote yes, in the generic question.
DR. KAWAS: Are you comfortable with that or do you need any further information? It looks like most of the audience doesn't seem it wants more information.
(Laughter.)
DR. KAWAS: Yes, Dr. Temple.
DR. TEMP... | 1.757694 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
that's correct. Beyond 6 months, they're all open-label.
Again, this is referring to the completed studies. This is inclusive of both open-label and double-blind experience, in the total column, approaching 900 patients at 6 months and at 1 year or 387 patients. I was correct in my first number.
I'm just trying to put... | 1.986047 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
clouded sensoriums in their rate of events they're reporting versus the dementia patients.
Jeff.
DR. JONAS: Thank you. One of the concerns that we had was to see whether patients with different levels of severity had different relative risks for various adverse events, and what we did was we did a post hoc split with a... | 1.865772 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
a good question. I'm glad you raised it because I forgot to comment on it earlier, if the question had come up.
I think I've indicated through the history or at least if I didn't make it clear I apologize. The initial selection of a b.i.d. dose really has little or nothing to do with half-life of the drug. You look at... | 1.831726 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
If we look at the individual groups without unblinding which group they are, there's no differential dropout rate due to adverse events.
DR. KAWAS: Right. And how far along has this study gone already that you have that?
DR. OLANOFF: We intend to break the code on this information about the end of this year, I believe... | 1.735821 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
SimCity Strategy Guides
Trading is arguably the easiest of the SimCity specialisations, it is also integral to success in the mining, petroleum and electronics industries (you can accomplish great things using just the small trade depot, but the trade port is an enormously helpful upgrade).
The following sections can b... | 2.055591 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
every 10 tons of alloy will make you $42,000 but it will cost you $10600.
Either way, generating $750,000 trade profit from whatever you produce is going to require plenty of investment (and of course workers). You will need multiple factories generating processed commodities from raw materials in order to successfull... | 2.215211 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
sure your trading supply chains are linked together well and there are as few traffic generating buildings between them and the highway. Splitting your trading routes and your general city routes up takes up more space, but the less time delivery vehicles need to sit in queues, the better.
For more information:
Imbala... | 1.816163 | 993 | 990 |
With the term of current Congressional Budget Office (CBO) director Doug Elmendorf expiring, incoming House Budget Committee chairman Tom Price, along with soon-to-be-named Senate Budget Committee chairman Mike Enzi, will need to choose the agency’s next director. I am confident the eventual choice will be strongly cre... | 1.659626 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
is treated reflexively as ideological or political. Future CBO directors should not face staff-level inflexibility built up over a decade or more of one-party leadership. Staff should instead remain fully accustomed to and comfortable with frequent changes in the types of questions raised by the directors that move th... | 1.95488 | 1,002 | 1,000 |
It is a gloomy Sunday morning. From the Gorakala bus stop, a turn off the Ratnapura – Horana main road leads down a narrow road, muddy after the previous night’s heavy rain.
A quiet, uneventful walk of 2.5 km leads to a semi-forest area, with a paddy field to the right. Another 500 metres away is what we have come in s... | 1.925488 | 1,021 | 1,019 |
Containers have captured the imagination of the enterprise in recent months, and no one is more enthusiastic than VMware. The virtualization company, in fact, led some of the initial research into container technology way back when its virtual machine was “the next big thing” to hit the enterprise, and it is now tickle... | 1.941308 | 1,016 | 1,014 |
In 1991-1993 a series of 930 determinations of 222Rn concentration were performed in three rooms (kitchen, bedroom, living room) of private dwellings in Genoa and Savona, two neighbouring towns of Northern Italy.
Our aim was to study the major factors influencing 222Rn concentration in multi-storey residential building... | 1.308192 | 1,022 | 1,020 |
August 8th, 2012 at 11:25 am Dung Kai-cheung sets Atlas: The Archaeology of an Imaginary City in the long-lost City of Victoria (a fictional world similar to Hong Kong).
The novel, which fuses history and fiction is written from the unified perspective of future archaeologists struggling to rebuild a thrilling metropol... | 2.285707 | 993 | 991 |
The Mineral Resources Program (MRP) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is offering a grant and/or cooperative agreement opportunity, called the Mineral Resources External Research Program (MRERP) in Fiscal Year (FY) 2011. This opportunity is extended to universities, State agencies, Tribal governments or organization... | 1.372739 | 1,018 | 1,016 |
New York City voters who care about transit have two excellent choices on the ballot come November—but unfortunately, neither of them is running for mayor. Eliot Spitzer’s last-minute entry into the race upends Manhattan Borough President Scott Stringer’s easy slide into the city comptroller’s office, and makes the cho... | 1.734184 | 1,017 | 1,015 |
Policy Frameworks
Secure applications do not just happen – they are the result of an organization deciding that they will produce secure applications. OWASP does not wish to mandate a particular approach or require an organization to pick up compliance with laws that do not affect them - every organization is different... | 1.820559 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
outside the US.
ISO 17799 dates back to the mid-1990s, and some of the control objectives reflect this age – for example referring to administrative interfaces as “diagnostic ports”.
Organizations using ISO 17799 can use OWASP for detailed guidance when selecting and implementing a wide range of ISO 17999 controls, pa... | 1.70192 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
At a time when age-old political structures are crumbling, civil strife abounds, and economic uncertainty permeates the air, loyalty offers us security in our relationships with associates, friends, and family. Yet loyalty is a suspect virtue. It is not impartial. It is not blind. It violates the principles of morality... | 1.73964 | 1,004 | 1,002 |
Strategic Determinants of Partner Selection Criteria in International Joint Ventures
Prior studies are vague regarding determinants of criteria for selecting “complementary” partners for international joint ventures (IJVs). This paper first distinguishes task and partner-related dimensions of selection criteria. The pa... | 0.841906 | 955 | 953 |
The Key to Sustainable Development in 2015 and Beyond By Kim Lovell, Program Director, Sierra Club Global Population & the Environment ProgramAs Earth Month comes to a
close and we send off the last few packets of activist swag, it’s fitting that
our stack of factsheets on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) is rap... | 1.612161 | 1,011 | 1,009 |
Washington: It's no surprise that Friday sermons in India and Pakistan will “talk” about the anti-Islamic film crafted to incite and hurt. Its decidedly mysterious antecedents will add to the anti-American fervour – especially in Pakistan -- which works as a convenient lifeline against more pressing problems the maulvi... | 2.136873 | 1,024 | 1,023 |
Howard Davies: "Economics in Denial":
In an exasperated outburst, just before he left the presidency of the European Central Bank, Jean-Claude Trichet complained that, “as a policymaker during the crisis, I found the available [economic and financial] models of limited help. In fact, I would go further: in the face of ... | 1.510615 | 1,023 | 1,021 |
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