fasttext_score float32 0.02 1 | id stringlengths 47 47 | language stringclasses 1 value | language_score float32 0.65 1 | text stringlengths 49 665k | url stringlengths 13 2.09k | nemo_id stringlengths 18 18 | is_filter_target bool 1 class | word_filter bool 2 classes | word_filter_metadata dict | bert_filter bool 2 classes | bert_filter_metadata dict | combined_filter bool 2 classes |
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0.095771 | <urn:uuid:17347911-20d8-4930-a6fa-46ae15b0f2c0> | en | 0.939725 | 5 definitions by Aster Wind
Another way of saying good bye...originated from one of those gay-looking but hella awesome Nancy Drew computer games...I just don't know which one because there's like a billion now.
Nyjah: Hey, I gotta go.
Fiona: Okay, hasta la pasta
by Aster Wind March 19, 2007
Basically, all the other entries about it being a soul stealing waste of time are fucking true...man don't even get into this game unless you'd like to lose all your friends and live in your mom's basement for the rest of your fucking life...man, I finally decided to get a life after being level 70 something, but fuck, I'll never be able to get back all those wasted hours of my life...@#$&!
PK4lifebz342(made up name): Hey man, I just killed 675 moss giants and now I'm gonna go make some strength potions out of limpwurt roots and red spider eggs
rsismylife52: Sweet dude, I'm gonna go to Lumbridge to scam some newbs for the hell of it and then I'm going to do Dragon Slayer.
PK4lifebz342: Shit, I finished that centuries ago...I'm gonna go alchemize 1000s of steel plates that took me days to make and then I'm gonna put on my dragon 2H, rune complete...
You get the point...just do speed or stoges, it will be easier to quit than playing Runescape
by Aster Wind March 18, 2007
What happens sometimes when you're skateboarding and really not paying attention to the road in front of you. Usually the smallest rock, stick, pebble, or whatever, will stop your wheel(s), causing your board to stop and you to have a bit of a spill depending on how fast you're going
Huston: Sick man, did you get that from trying to do a heel-flip 360 at SPOT the other day?
Townend: Nah man, it's just a cruise bruise.
by Aster Wind March 21, 2007
A hallucinogenic...or so they say ;D
Randy: Dude, the flaming crocus was wicked last night.
by Aster Wind March 21, 2007
by Aster Wind March 21, 2007
Free Daily Email
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0.032427 | <urn:uuid:1557db26-46b4-4ce8-be8f-1e69fecec9bd> | en | 0.963376 | 2 definitions by Lee Mealone
A loss of moral, happiness, contentment, or excitement caused by entering a movie theatre during daylight hours and exiting after the sun has set (most extreme cases occurred after the showings of Disney's WALL-E).
Stepping outside the theatre, Stephan was over come by cinema depression when he recalled how bright and sunny the day was before he had entered.
by Lee Mealone February 17, 2011
The act of conducting a text conversation near a speaker in order to get the false feeing of having a lame super power/ability of predicting an incoming text before actually receiving it. The text can be predicted by a rhythmic patter produced by the speakers.
I like siting by my computer speakers and text predicting. It makes me feel like I have a lame super power.
by Lee Mealone February 17, 2011
Free Daily Email
| http://www.urbandictionary.com/author.php?author=Lee%20Mealone | dclm-gs1-163720001 | false | false | {
"keywords": ""
} | false | {
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0.166325 | <urn:uuid:86a1e580-b0b0-4d70-acfd-18bb9ec9d8e0> | en | 0.941652 | 3 definitions by thebrownsound1234
An online that Disney has done to promote Tinkerbelle and her friends allowing to you Play as a fairy in the magical land of Pixie Hollow though it sounds fun it is where girls between the ages of 8 and 11 go into bitch training talking bad to each other about their fairy's style or other trivial things.
Example 1:
My little sister plays Pixie Hollow way too much!
Example 2:
Mom - of you don't go and do your homework then you are grounded off Pixie Hollow!
Example 3:
One kid to another on Pixie Hollow - Your Fairy is ugly
The other kid - *cries*
Example 4:
Stare at the wall its more productive then playing Pixie Hollow.
by thebrownsound1234 January 11, 2010
when something is something is so trailer trash it isn't even funny.
Do you see that woman's mullet its totally trailerlicious.
by thebrownsound1234 November 30, 2009
the involuntary act of taking a shit when there is work to be done
Example 1:
Wife: Come help me clean the kitchen
Husband: *runs off to the bathroom*
Wife to son: Whats up with your Dad and his Lazyria?
Example 2:
How come some people have lazy pains and other people have lazyria?
by thebrownsound1234 November 28, 2009
Free Daily Email
| http://www.urbandictionary.com/author.php?author=thebrownsound1234 | dclm-gs1-163730001 | false | false | {
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0.142137 | <urn:uuid:5127c580-7493-4f16-b0e8-81993135f475> | en | 0.967474 | when no just isn't enough
inmate 1: Why you here?
inmate 2: My girlfriend broke up with me so I followed her around for a year or so.
inmate 1: What did they charge you with?
inmate 2: stalking
by goatcheese June 12, 2004
A show of one's devotion.
Some call it stalking. I call it love.
by Gemini Twin #2 November 04, 2005
Apparently what guys are doing if they flirt with a girl that doesn't like them.
"Like, OMG, this guy is stalking me because I don't like him and he asked me out. Now lemme look at that hot guy's Myspace for the 19th time today."
by bigtones March 19, 2007
How to show that you really love her
When you're stalking, a restraining order is just another way of saying "I love you too."
by mandingoh April 06, 2006
To follow and/or spy on someone you have feelings for. Those feelings need not be of a kind and loving nature. People who stalk are usually obsessed with the stalkee.
Tim: Why are you hiding in that bush?
John: I'm stalking the girl who lives here!
by Nornin August 10, 2006
When two people in love go for a nice long walk.
Only, one of them doesn't know they're being followed.
Dude One: I think that girl is stalking me man and it's freaking me out.
Dude Two: Oh man don't sweat it. It just means you're in love!
Dude One: Okay seriously man, what the fuck?
by I Learn Things From Bunnies November 04, 2009
The act of seeking a hot person out in any means possible. Stalking is meant to be innocent and doesn't always make the person a stalker.
Examples of stalking include searching the person on the internet, adding as a friend on social networks and wathcing their every move, clicking on their mom's profile to find out personal family information, casually asking in a conversation where they live, driving by their house repeatedly, getting their tag number, dropping by at their job, following the person through the grocery store... and the list goes on.
by closetstoner February 07, 2010
Free Daily Email
| http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=stalking&defid=715952 | dclm-gs1-163780001 | false | false | {
"keywords": ""
} | false | {
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0.05409 | <urn:uuid:4b58fe72-9ae4-4108-ae17-c721e23ae3ae> | en | 0.778226 | Eucalyptus longifolia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Eucalyptus longifolia Batemans Bay.jpg
Batemans Bay, Australia
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Eucalyptus
Species: E. longifolia
Binomial name
Eucalyptus longifolia
Eucalyptus longifolia, known by the common name woollybutt, is a tree of the myrtle family myrtaceae native to eastern Australia. It has thick, fibrous bark usually colored light gray and white, and long narrow grey-green leaves. The drooping flowerheads in groups of three are a distinguishing feature. It grows in heavy soils often near water.
The woollybutt was described by German naturalist Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link in 1822.[1] The specific epithet is the Latin words longus "long" and folium "leaf". Within the genus Eucalyptus, it belongs in the subgenus Symphyomyrtus.[2] The term woollybutt relates to the bark.[3]
Eucalyptus longifolia grows as a tall tree to 35 m (100 ft) high, with a trunk diameter attaining 1 m (3 ft).[3] The long narrow leaves are lanceolate (spear-shaped) and measure 10–25 cm (4–10 in) long and 1.5–2.6 cm (0.6–1 in) wide. They are a uniform grey-green or blue-green in colour. The white flowerheads are arranged in groups of three,[4] and droop.
Distribution and habitat[edit]
The range is from Morisett in central New South Wales south to the Victorian border.[4] In the north of its range it is more scattered in its distribution, but becomes more common south of Nowra to Bega.[3] It generally grows on clay soils and floodplains, sometimes in areas with poor drainage,[5] in valleys and low areas.[3] In open sclerophyll forest, it grows alongside such trees as white mahogany (E. acmenoides), grey box (E. moluccana), forest red gum (E. tereticornis), and rough-barked apple (Angophora floribunda), while in swampy areas it is found with swamp mahogany (E. robusta) and paperbark species such as snow-in-summer (Melaleuca linariifolia), prickly paperbark (M. styphelioides) and swamp paperbark (M. ericifolia).[5]
The woollybutt regenerates by regrowing from epicormic buds after bushfire. Trees live for over a hundred years. The Grey-headed Flying Fox (Pteropus poliocephalus) and Little Red Flying Fox (P. scapulatus) eat the flowers.[5] The longhorn beetle species Paroplites australis has been recorded from the woollybutt.[6]
The dark red timber is hard and resistant to water,[2] and termites.[5] It has been used in railway sleepers and other general construction.[3] The woollybutt is also important in beekeeping and the honey industry.[2] It is useful as a shade tree or windbreak in paddocks, but grows too large for the average garden.[2]
1. ^ "Eucalyptus longifolia". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
2. ^ a b c d Elliot, Rodger W.; Jones, David L. (1986). "Eu-Go". In Elliot,Eliot, Rodger W. & Jones, David L. Encyclopaedia of Australian Plants suitable for cultivation 4. Lothian Publishing. p. 134. ISBN 0-85091-213-X.
3. ^ a b c d e Boland, Douglas J.; Brooker, M. I. H.; Chippendale, G. M.; McDonald, Maurice William (2006). Forest trees of Australia. Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing. p. 97. ISBN 0-643-06969-0.
4. ^ a b New South Wales Flora Online: Eucalyptus longifolia by Hill, Ken, Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Sydney, Australia.
5. ^ a b c d Benson, Doug; McDougall, Lyn (1998). "Ecology of Sydney plant species:Part 6 Dicotyledon family Myrtaceae". Cunninghamia 5 (4): 809–987.
6. ^ Hawkeswood, Trevor J. (1992). "Review of the biology, host plants and immature stages of the Australian Cerambycidae (Coleoptera). Part 1, Parandrinae and Prioninae". Giornale Italiano Di Entomologia 6: 207–24. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucalyptus_longifolia | dclm-gs1-164200001 | false | false | {
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0.03508 | <urn:uuid:78b046cc-5923-4b9a-83fd-4a8d7e381b5d> | en | 0.977458 | Wally Bruner
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Bruner in 1975
Wally Bruner (March 4, 1931 – November 3, 1997) was an American journalist and television host. He covered Congress and the Lyndon Johnson administration for ABC News in the 1960s. He was the first host of the 1968–1975 syndicated version of What's My Line? and went on to host the syndicated home repair show Wally's Workshop.
Personal life[edit]
Bruner was born in Ames, Iowa in 1931 to Wallace and Audrey (Scott) Bruner. He was raised in Tell City, Indiana.[1] He married his classmate Patricia (Thomas) Bruner after graduation. They had eight children: Rickey, born in 1950, Sherri, born in 1951; Michael, born in 1952, Ted and Tim (twins), born in 1954, Kathy and Kevin (twins) born in 1955, and Kristine, born in 1957. They divorced in the late 60s. Bruner met his second wife, Natalie, when she was a contestant on What's My Line?. They had two children, Wally, Jr. and Lee. Natalie co-starred on Wally's Workshop, and in the early 1990s, ran unsuccessfully for the United States Congress on the Democratic ticket against Dan Burton of Indiana. Her husband served as her campaign manager. Wally Bruner was also active in politics. He served as campaign manager for Senator Vance Hartke (D-Indiana), and as west coast coordinator of Senator Eugene McCarthy's campaign for president. He also produced an album of poetry with Senator Everett Dirkson (R-Illinois) and created one of the first film libraries for the purpose of selling archived interviews and footage to the network news programs. Wally Bruner was one of the USA's first heart transplant recipients, after he suffered a massive heart attack in his 50s. Bruner died in 1997 of liver cancer in Indianapolis, Indiana at the age of 66.[2]
Early television career[edit]
Bruner began his career in television as "Wally the Weatherman" with WTHI-TV in Terre Haute, Indiana in the mid-1950s[1] and continued with a variety of roles in small-market stations around the country. He also built and operated Radio Station WKZI in Casey, Illinois with his first wife, Patricia. He also was News Director of KTVK the then ABC affiliate in Phoenix, Arizona[1] where he worked with his Assistant News Director and cinematographer, Stanley Rocklin. He then landed a job as Capitol Hill Correspondent for ABC News and he moved to Washington, D.C.. As a news correspondent, he covered the US Congress and the White House throughout the 1960s; was nominated for an EMMY for his coverage of the war in Santo Domingo; and went to Viet Nam to cover the war.[1] Upon his return from Viet Nam, he helped organize the AFTRA strike to force the networks to treat war correspondents more fairly. Following his time with ABC, he served as co-anchor with Alan Smith of the nightly news for Washington, D.C. television station WTTG.
What's My Line?[edit]
In 1968, producer Mark Goodson approached Bruner to audition for the new syndicated version of What's My Line?[3] Like the original host John Charles Daly, Bruner had worked for ABC News as a correspondent.
Part of the audition was an opportunity to view old kinescopes of the original CBS version. Bruner told Goodson that he did not need to do so, since one of his jobs in the 1950s had been to direct commercial breaks of the network feed of What's My Line? He claimed to have seen every episode that aired over a period of several years.
Bruner hosted the show from CBS Studio 50, the Ed Sullivan Theater, from 1968 to 1972.[3] Broadway actor Larry Blyden succeeded him for the program's final three seasons.
Wally's Workshop[edit]
After leaving What's My Line?, with over 1000 episodes under his belt, Bruner created and hosted a home-repair how-to show called Wally's Workshop.[3] The show featured Bruner and wife Natalie working on home projects in a studio space. Wally's Workshop was syndicated in 80 markets, running from 1971 to circa 1985.[2]
1. ^ a b c d "Obituaries". Toledo Blade. November 5, 1997. , Retrieved 2013-05-29.
2. ^ a b "Wally Bruner". Orlando Sentinel. November 6, 1997. , Retrieved 2013-05-29.
3. ^ a b c "What's My Line Quiz / Panel (1950-1975)". tvofyourlife. , Retrieved 2013-05-29.
External links[edit]
Media offices
Preceded by
John Daly
Host of What's My Line?
Succeeded by
Larry Blyden | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wally_Bruner | dclm-gs1-164260001 | false | false | {
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0.237424 | <urn:uuid:bab69f0b-d8c6-4cf6-9afc-2912a12f3b7d> | en | 0.943477 |
My question is why Bale would want to sign on to another film that is going to require a physical transformation. I mean, when is enough going to be enough? The Machinist, Rescue Dawn, The Fighter, they all required Bale to lose a really unhealthy amount of weight. Am I missing any or was that it? Sure performances like this naturally garner a lot of attention and acclaim, but to go for it so many times seems dangerous. How much more of this has to go on before we start adding Bale to our dead pools? Are little golden statues and a bunch of pats on the back really worth repeatedly risking your health? I think he should take a couple years and look for some more roles where his character works out regularly and eats right. Just a suggestion.
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Fantastic Fest 2014
6 Filmmaking Tips: James Gunn
Got a Tip? Send it here:
Neil Miller
Managing Editor:
Scott Beggs
Associate Editors:
Rob Hunter
Kate Erbland
Christopher Campbell | http://filmschoolrejects.com/news/christian-bale-concrete-island-j-g-ballard.php | dclm-gs1-164270001 | false | false | {
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0.027736 | <urn:uuid:7cc04f5d-6dbe-42e7-b83b-b3a2406f98d0> | en | 0.977311 | Foot injuries in chickens
Common Questions and Answers about Foot injuries in chickens
Hi there, I'm 21 and have experienced swelling in my right foot for the last 2 1/2 years. For me, it was following a few very painful injuries on the foot (girl trod on me with heels etc) and an intensive ballet show. I have seen orthopaedic doctors, physios, had MRIs etc etc. Eventually I saw a vascular surgeon this year and he thought it was lymphedema due to the trauma and prescribed me compression stockings to wear every day.
It says that this is similar to H1N1 except it causes you to multiply your fat cells at a rapid rate and most likely will gain 50-100% of your body weight without increasing any food intake. They have tested it by injecting the virus in monkeys, rats and chickens and this is what they found! I'm sincerely freaking out and all these posts seem like proof that it really exists!
MedHelp Health Answers | http://healthquestions.medhelp.org/foot-injuries-in-chickens | dclm-gs1-164310001 | false | true | {
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0.055504 | <urn:uuid:675b28a9-ef18-4f13-9f31-e76a1f75915b> | en | 0.855501 | By Topic
Improving Euclidean division and modular reduction for some classes of divisors
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3 Author(s)
Bajard, J. ; Univ. Montpellier II, France ; Imbert, L. ; Plantard, T.
Modular arithmetic is becoming an area of major importance for many modern applications; RNS is widely used in digital signal processing, and most public-key cryptographic algorithms require very fast modular multiplication, and exponentiation. When such an arithmetic is required, specific values such as Fermat or Mersenne numbers are often chosen since they allow for very efficient implementations. However, there are cases where only very few of those numbers are available. We present an algorithm for the Euclidean division with remainder and we give the classes of divisors for which our algorithm is particularly efficient compared to commonly used method.
Published in:
Date of Conference:
9-12 Nov. 2003 | http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?reload=true&tp=&arnumber=1292374&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fstamp%2Fstamp.jsp%3Ftp%3D%26arnumber%3D1292374 | dclm-gs1-164320001 | false | false | {
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0.025587 | <urn:uuid:85bf022b-eb59-44f3-9857-afb8bf499da8> | en | 0.918395 | , Volume 18, Issue 3 Supplement, pp 305-311
Date: 01 Apr 2009
Benchmarking with Spine Tango: potentials and pitfalls
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The newly released online statistics function of Spine Tango allows comparison of own data against the aggregated results of the data pool that all other participants generate. This comparison can be considered a very simple way of benchmarking, which means that the quality of what one organization does is compared with other similar organizations. The goal is to make changes towards better practice if benchmarking shows inferior results compared with the pool. There are, however, pitfalls in this simplified way of comparing data that can result in confounding. This means that important influential factors can make results appear better or worse than they are in reality and these factors can only be identified and neutralized in a multiple regression analysis performed by a statistical expert. Comparing input variables, confounding is less of a problem than comparing outcome variables. Therefore, the potentials and limitations of automated online comparisons need to be considered when interpreting the results of the benchmarking procedure. | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00586-009-0943-7 | dclm-gs1-164400001 | false | false | {
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0.904418 | <urn:uuid:b22952dd-3771-4433-ba8f-cbeaa80d461f> | en | 0.940923 | What is meta? ×
The and tags looks like they're currently being used in two ways:
1. Used similarly to the tag to indicate that a question came up in the context of a university or college assignment. In this case it's a meta tag and it should either be removed or changed to which is one of the few exceptions to the "no meta tags" rule.
2. Used on questions that are off-topic, e.g. asking for educational advice.
There's also the tag, which looks similar to the tag which was burninated and blacklisted a while ago.
How does Trogdor feel about these tags?
share|improve this question
Please don't vote to migrate questions with these tags to Programmers. It's highly likely they'll be off topic there too. – ChrisF Dec 3 '11 at 21:55
I'd just add them to the synonyms of [homework]. – BalusC Dec 4 '11 at 4:39
Status: Burninated – Ben Brocka Jan 14 '13 at 14:34
2 Answers 2
up vote 4 down vote accepted
I'm all for seeing these tags burn. I don't see how they are be any more useful than . It doesn't matter if it's high school level or college level; is .
share|improve this answer
+1; Especially because there is no standard curriculum for pre-college programming, and universities and colleges are identical wrt programming. – Merlyn Morgan-Graham Dec 4 '11 at 6:19
I would leave a tag which explains that the question is education-related, it might be useful in some way.
For education advices (both undergraduate school and academia) there are:
1. Academia
2. Teachers & students @ School
share|improve this answer
You must log in to answer this question.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged . | http://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/114677/should-the-university-and-college-tags-be-burninated | dclm-gs1-164480001 | false | false | {
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0.223291 | <urn:uuid:87126ac2-73ba-4c03-8381-fe9ae8a1b01b> | en | 0.947415 | What is meta? ×
Possible Duplicate:
For example, total score -3 you seeing is no meaning here, since +2*5 + -5*2 === 10
enter image description here
enter image description here
Points from counter upvotes should be ignored from reputation total.
And this can relieve sympathy upvotes too.
Edit: Ok, after few analysis, there is only few users with maximum of 430 reps earned on the site from this kind of upvotes on Stack Overflow. So, this is kind of pointless.
points, userid
(430, 24213)
(421, 10661)
(270, 5640)
(254, 69307)
(250, 95976)
(214, 3146)
(184, 154152)
(172, 6801)
(164, 193619)
(161, 1790)
share|improve this question
marked as duplicate by random Apr 28 '11 at 2:23
Sympathy upvote. – Anthony Pegram Apr 28 '11 at 2:16
Y'know what's cool about this? Even with the sympathy votes, I still gained more rep than you did for this post, since it brought attention to my own (which was already declined (and which I stole from a post UserVoice (and which was probably stolen from something TheTXI said on IRC))). Talk about your ill-gotten gains... – Shogging through the snow Apr 28 '11 at 3:52
1 Answer 1
up vote 2 down vote accepted
Sometimes the masses are wrong. Sometimes you get a bunch of pile-on downvotes because somebody misunderstood the answer and then a couple of others got click happy. Maybe the answer got edited and those new upvotes are more meaningful than the old downvotes. Or maybe they're just sympathy.
If the answer is bad, then it will still have a net lower vote count at the end of the day and will serve as sufficient warning to new viewers. The fact that the user may or may not have lost sufficient rep points is secondary and ultimately not all that important, in my opinion.
share|improve this answer
I think the case of masses are wrong is quite rare compare to correct rate. I don't have a data query to prove yet, but quite sure the other side is the issue, than those special cases. – YOU Apr 28 '11 at 1:56
The point wasn't so much that the downvotes are completely wrong, but that the upvotes may not be completely wrong, either, and more than that, it's not all that important. Bad answers move down, good answers move up. Rep is a secondary concern, and a consistently good answerer will gain more rep and a consistently bad answerer will tread water. If I'm budgeting site features, I'd guess that sympathy vote reputation is a low priority. – Anthony Pegram Apr 28 '11 at 2:04
Reps involve privileges on site, Its important IMHO though. – YOU Apr 28 '11 at 2:06
Yes, they do, but sympathy votes are not predictable nor are they consistently offsetting. 2 downvotes on A, 4 downvotes and sympathy upvote on B, etc. Maybe you lose rep, maybe you come out ever so slightly ahead. You are not well on your way to having access to mod tools with this strategy! – Anthony Pegram Apr 28 '11 at 2:12
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged . | http://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/89055/feature-request-dont-count-reputation-from-upvotes-if-the-score-is-under-0 | dclm-gs1-164520001 | false | false | {
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0.06208 | <urn:uuid:444508b9-ed92-4b23-be87-64d6ad739862> | en | 0.876295 | New stories
3 Reasons Why PES 2015 is Better Than FIFA 15
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0.044505 | <urn:uuid:45f4132f-241f-471b-a261-67604ef1b355> | en | 0.967451 | Police in Pennsylvania continue to investigate why a gunman killed three people, including a woman decorating a church.
18:34, UK, Saturday 22 December 2012
Gunman In Rural Pennslyvania Kills 3 People, Injures 3 State Troopers
Police in Pennsylvania are investigating why a man shot dead three people, including a woman decorating a church hall for a children's Christmas party.
The gunman opened fire on a rural road in Frankstown Township on Friday and was killed in a shoot-out with state troopers after crashing his car into one of their vehicles.
Three officers were injured, including one who was shot in the wrist and chest and another who was left with glass fragments in his eye.
Investigators examined five crime scenes within a 1.5-mile radius as they searched for a motive for the attacks.
Gunman In Rural Pennslyvania Kills 3 People, Injures 3 State Troopers
Trooper David McGarvey, a state police spokesman, said: "We don't believe it was a domestic dispute but we also don't know a motive, because the shooter was not related to any of the victims."
""It's going to take us some time to put this all together," added Lt Col George Bivens, a deputy state police commissioner.
Shortly after shooting a woman at Juniata Valley Gospel Church, the gunman killed two men at their respective homes before leaving the area in his pick-up truck.
He was shot dead after opening fire at two police cars heading to the scene of one of the shootings and crashing his vehicle head-on into a third patrol cruiser.
"I think we have three very fortunate state police members tonight," Lt Col Bivens added. "We are very thankful for the fact they survived this attack. Someone was watching over them."
The violence unfolded as many Americans observed a moment of silence for the 20 children and six adults shot dead at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut.
The victims of the Pennsylvania shootings, which are not thought to be connected to events in Connecticut a week ago, have not yet been identified.
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Reasons for doing this aside, is there a reasonable way to convert an entire git repository to subversion?
I can find only tons on information on migrating from subversion to git, and exchanging changesets between the two, but not for doing a simple conversion of the entire git repository to svn.
share|improve this question
Duplicated here: stackoverflow.com/questions/661018/… – Casey Aug 10 '09 at 22:32
Sad that you had to preface with "Reasons for doing this aside" in order to prevent a flame war or such... – SchighSchagh Nov 9 '12 at 20:15
2 Answers 2
up vote 10 down vote accepted
The general problem with doing conversions this direction is that Git repositories can contain more than just a linear history of revisions, as Subversion would expect. Multiple ancestries with divergent histories and frequent merge commits are all possible, which can't be easily represented in a Subversion repository.
For simple cases where you do have a linear history in your Git repository, you can use git-svn dcommit to push the lot up to an otherwise empty Subversion repository.
share|improve this answer
Sorry to stir this up again after a few years, but can you give a concrete example of how to do this? Say I have a clone of a git repository at ~/my-git-repo, and I want to copy the commit history into some SVN repo, say svn://foo.com/empty-svn-repo/ – SchighSchagh Nov 9 '12 at 21:13
@SchighSchagh: Have a look at this recent question, it might be more suited to what you need: possible to recreate svn repository from (full) git-svn clone? – Greg Hewgill Nov 10 '12 at 2:44
It's very easy to perform with SubGit.
$ svnadmin create svn.repo
$ subgit configure svn.repo
$ nano svn.repo/conf/subgit.conf to specify a path to your bare repository (you may use "git clone --bare <URL>" if you have none locally)
$ subgit install svn.repo
After conversion your SVN and linked Git repository will be in sync: every Git push will be translated to SVN commit and vice versa. To break translation run
$ subgit uninstall svn.repo
While translation SubGit will try to preserve commit dates, tags, ignores, merges, EOLs, branches and so on, as it is possible. I can't say the same about git-svn repository.
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Your Answer
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0.187709 | <urn:uuid:b9af2d08-cd6e-42ba-83f9-c43655b8e02c> | en | 0.777844 | Take the 2-minute tour ×
Basically, this is the log I get:
Started by user dontcare4free
$ hg clone --rev default ssh://hg@bitbucket.org/dontcare4free/my-repository /var/lib/jenkins/workspace/Custom-MC-Server
* failed to import extension hgext.imerge: No module named imerge
remote: Host key verification failed.
abort: no suitable response from remote hg!
ERROR: Failed to clone ssh://hg@bitbucket.org/dontcare4free/my-repository
[Custom-MC-Server] $ hg log --rev . --template {node}
java.io.IOException: Cannot run program "hg" (in directory "/var/lib/jenkins/workspace/My-Repository"): java.io.IOException: error=2, No such file or directory
at java.lang.ProcessBuilder.start(ProcessBuilder.java:475)
at hudson.Proc$LocalProc.(Proc.java:244)
at hudson.Proc$LocalProc.(Proc.java:216)
at hudson.Launcher$LocalLauncher.launch(Launcher.java:698)
at hudson.Launcher$ProcStarter.start(Launcher.java:329)
at hudson.Launcher$ProcStarter.join(Launcher.java:336)
at hudson.plugins.mercurial.MercurialSCM.joinWithPossibleTimeout(MercurialSCM.java:299)
at hudson.plugins.mercurial.HgExe.popen(HgExe.java:191)
at hudson.plugins.mercurial.HgExe.tip(HgExe.java:171)
at >hudson.plugins.mercurial.MercurialSCM.calcRevisionsFromBuild(MercurialSCM.java:255)
at hudson.scm.SCM._calcRevisionsFromBuild(SCM.java:304)
at hudson.model.AbstractProject.calcPollingBaseline(AbstractProject.java:1205)
at hudson.model.AbstractProject.checkout(AbstractProject.java:1194)
at hudson.model.AbstractBuild$AbstractRunner.checkout(AbstractBuild.java:555)
at hudson.model.AbstractBuild$AbstractRunner.run(AbstractBuild.java:443)
at hudson.model.Run.run(Run.java:1376)
at hudson.model.FreeStyleBuild.run(FreeStyleBuild.java:46)
at hudson.model.ResourceController.execute(ResourceController.java:88)
at hudson.model.Executor.run(Executor.java:175)
Caused by: java.io.IOException: java.io.IOException: error=2, No such file or directory
at java.lang.UNIXProcess.(UNIXProcess.java:164)
at java.lang.ProcessImpl.start(ProcessImpl.java:81)
at java.lang.ProcessBuilder.start(ProcessBuilder.java:468)
... 18 more
Jabber notifier plugin: Sending notification to: -snip-
Jabber notifier plugin: Notifying suspects
Jabber notifier plugin: Notifying culprits
Notifying upstream projects of job completion
Finished: FAILURE
As far as I can see this means that it can't find the hg executable. However, I get no such errors when I try executing hg as a build step (shell execute) with Mercurial integration disabled.
I've tried with and without changing installation directory and executable and I've even tried compiling (well, whatever of that there is) Mercurial manually from source, all to no avail.
EDIT: Silly me. I completely misread the log. The issue is not related to it not finding the hg executable at all, but it's actually because I forgot to set up my key properly.
share|improve this question
3 Answers 3
up vote 3 down vote accepted
Nullable is right, the issue isn't that the hg executable can't be found, but rather that the jenkins user doesn't have a public key.
The solution is as follows:
1. Log in as the jenkins user
2. Make sure the jenkins user has a public ssh key, which should be in .ssh/id_rsa.pub
3. If not, generate one using ssh-keygen and don't specify a passphrase
4. Issue cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub, copy the output.
5. Log into bitbucket or github, add the public key you just copied into your account
6. Try again!
Hope that helps, best of luck to anyone with this issue.
share|improve this answer
Inspecting http://localhost:8080/systemInfo Environment Variables > PATH displays "/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin". I can't determine why this is all that Jenkins sees. When logging in as the daemon configured user, I get a much larger set of paths.
I was able to help the Mercurial Plug-in find "hg" by creating a symlink to hg.
sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/hg /usr/bin/hg
I tried adding the following to /etc/profile (I restarted just in case)
export PATH
I verified that this modified my path by typing
echo $PATH
in Terminal. However, this path did not show up in Jenkins
I am able to work with the sym link solution but I'd really like to understand where Jenkins gets its Path.
share|improve this answer
Thanks - this also worked for resolving an issue with Webstorm not detecting hg – My Head Hurts Jun 18 '13 at 9:23
My first thought would be that you should check the path to the hg executable in jenkins set up, if there is such an option, it may not point to the correct path.
If that doesn't help, make sure hg is on the PATH.
Looks like there might be some set up required according to this page http://www.pixelastic.com/blog/162:failed-to-import-extension-hgext-imerge-warning-on-dreamhost
Maybe that can fix your issue?
share|improve this answer
Yes, it is in the path. Yes, the path in Jenkins is correctly set up. – Teo Klestrup Röijezon Jul 22 '11 at 18:17
I'm experiencing the same issue. I solved it by creating a sym link from /usr/bin/hg to /usr/local/bin/hg. The latter being the install location for hg (mercurial). Once I did this, the mercurial plugin could find the program. However, this is not the most elegant solution. I'll post as an answer but I'd love some advice on what the correct solution might be. I tried modifying $PATH in /etc/profile but jenkins still reports a different path – levous Nov 3 '11 at 14:51
Your Answer
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I have a method (myMethod) in a class (myClass) which utilizes the CLLocationManager to startMonitoringSignificantLocationChanges(). MyClass is the delegate of the CLLocationManager and I have implemented the didUpdateToLocation() method.
What I want to do is call startMonitoringSignificantLocationChanges() from within myMethod, then once didUpdateToLocation() has been called and completed I want to continue working in myMethod. Is this possible?
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2 Answers 2
up vote 7 down vote accepted
I won't say that it's impossible, but I strongly urge you to embrace the asynchronous nature of how this works, and to find another way to do what you're trying to do. Like split up myMethod into "before" and "after" parts, and let your delegate trigger the "after". This is a really common pattern in Cocoa/iOS, and you'll be happier in the long run not fighting the framework.
This is especially true if myMethod is something that's running on the main thread, because blocking that thread while waiting for location updates will lock up your entire UI. Take too long, and the system will kill your app.
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The most useful advice I've ever read on SO. A light bulb came on for an issue I've had for a long time. – trudyscousin Feb 14 '12 at 3:20
No, it's not, but you don't need that. Just continue your functionality in the didUpdateToLocation once you get the data you need.
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Your Answer
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0.060053 | <urn:uuid:dd4aad0a-6f48-46e9-ab50-07f0bbd801c5> | en | 0.950573 | Space charater width ?
RachelR's picture
Are there any rules, formulas or tricks to working out the correct width for the space character. Or is it a question of trail and errpr to see what fits best.
R ; )
Pieter van Rosmalen's picture
I always give the space the same width as the i (including sidebearings). I don't think there is a rule for it.
RachelR's picture
Should the space character be differnt across weights then, form looking at other fonts I thought the space character was the same for the whole family.
Bert Vanderveen's picture
My thumbrule: the innerspace of lowercase n. That means more wordspace for lighter cuts and less for bolder, as it should be ; ).
charles ellertson's picture
Having the space as a character is a relatively new phenomenon. To me, the space character should be established so that ragged composition (i.e., no justification) looks right. The space may well need to be different for roman and italic, depending on the letterforms themselves, and their sidebearings.
As a for-instance, I just made an OpenType version of Bembo from a Type 1 PostScript font. Among the many changes, I changed the space in the roman font from 258 units (1,000 unit em) to 220 units, and the italic from 250 to 200. The reason it wasn't done earlier was simply that our old composition system did not take the space from the font. A bold font would likely need more space, at least, when used at the same size as the text, in text setting.
Further, the wordspace (however derived) usually needs to be relatively smaller as you increase the size of the type. Obviously, you can't make this provision as a type designer, but must rely on the compositor who uses your type.
dezcom's picture
Word spacing varies with font, even within families. There are no absolute rules in the digital era. You may start with something around 250 units but the idea is to create a spce wich will make the word break clear enough without making the line fall apart. Word spacing tends to agree with letterspacing mostly. If the letterspacing is tight, the the word spacing is proportionally tight as well. Like much else about type design, the eye is the master tool.
RachelR's picture
I tried Berts' method of using the inner space from the lowercase "n", but I'm getting very ugly rivers running through blocks of text, could this be an indication that my character spacing is incorrect
joffre's picture
Historically. The space character is one third of the Em or one half of the En.
charles ellertson's picture
As long as your history covers about 1880 to about 1940.
When you hand-set type (1450+ to whenever), you start with the smallest space you are willing to use. To justify the line, you add space. Life is tough enough without starting with a larger space & having to take it out.
The machines came in right about the time when wide wordspacing was in fashion, which is where you get the "thick" (3-to-em). And by-the-way, Linotype linecasters weren't on an em system, you had a choice of "spacebands" you could use. The "thin spaceband" went from about 2 points unexpanded, to about 5-6 points fully expanded. A good Linotype compositor could tell how much a space would be added to a line, & would hyphenate a word so the spaceband wedge wasn't fully used.
As to your rivers: Maybe. If you are using words all the same length - 3- 4- 5- letters long, you're going to get more rivers. If you are using a text that could occur naturally, you'll get a better feel for how the space is working.
One more thing about "history." In the 19th century, many fonts tended to have a wider set than the current fashion, so perforce the space needed to be bigger. You will also get a different feel to the space depending on your leading and margins. One thing far too few book designers seem to realize is that there is a relationship between word space, leading, and margins (which of course, implies measure, given standard paper sheets).
Obviously, the type designer cannot provide a correct space for all settings. But if it is a text font, you could not ignore text, that is, 8- to 12-point settings.
Life gets much more difficult for a display font, because things that will affect the wordspace include size, but even the number of words in the line. For example, if you are setting subheads in small caps, the amount you letterspace will be a factor of how many words are in the head. Try it. Set "the next one" in small caps & get it right. Now try that letterspacing & wordspacing for "machinery gone amuck in the twentieth-century industrial plant" I guarantee you, those values will no longer look right.
joffre's picture
"As long as your history covers about 1880 to about 1940."
RachelR was looking for a rule. I can't vouch for all the traditional fonts published but Helvetica is based on that rule. Obviously with todays technology you can go in any direction you want.
Nick Shinn's picture
Yes, the space width should be the same for all weights, as should the tabular figure widths -- because they are required to work together occasionally in tabular settings.
charles ellertson's picture
Nick, I don't agree. I don't feel you set up a font to it's disadvantage only to cover one possibility. As for tabular setting, you can always use the italic or bold commands around the numbers only, without the spaces. That would preserve the spacing (usually roman) throughout the table. While I can't think of situations where this wouldn't work, you can always just use another tab stop in the table if push comes to shove.
The other side of the coin is that you often have italic text run in with the roman. Why have unfortunate spacing here? And you can't change, say, the spacing for just the italic in an application program such as InDesign, since that spacing (min-ideal-"max") works on the entire paragraph, right?
vincentg's picture
I thought that was what the figure space (U+2007) was for?
John Hudson's picture
I usually start with the width of the lowercase i, and then adjust it by eye (most often making it narrower).
Thomas Phinney's picture
An average, across a wide range of typefaces, is about 1/4 em. Very very few typefaces have a space as big as a third of an em. This is true even in hot metal typefaces (Lino/Mono).
Heavier weights typically have thinner spaces (not wider, and not the same).
Of course, some type designers today may have varying ideas, but this is what many great type designers have done over the last century or more.
joffre's picture
I stand corrected. I should have said that the space character should be based on one fifth to one quarter of the Em.
vinceconnare's picture
that's about what I found when researching spaces.
nothing was less than 1/5 the em and usually regular weight fonts were 1/4 em. Expanded fonts tended to be wider widths than others, as ~1/3.
many traditional space characters are no longer necessary since applications layout engines add and remove white space automajically. The thin space which use to be available in font before PostScript has disappeared but is in Unicode (because it was in some character sets historically)
Nick Shinn's picture
Charles, I guess I should preach what I practice! -- I looked at a variety of my faces, and the space width varies with the individual font in most of them.
bieler's picture
Frederic Goudy suggested the width of a lowercase i. That would be the visual width, not as, with metal type, the width of the body. Of course, if you've ever looked at Goudy's typesetting you can see how this is simply wrong. Nevertheless, I always recommend it as a starting point to my letterpress students. Keeps them on the right track. It's easy to see when the width is too narrow, not so if it is too wide.
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0.020272 | <urn:uuid:a346dadf-5974-4f33-a33b-1999b8d16375> | en | 0.970843 | Australian schools get poor grades from international studies
Australian Broadcasting Corporation
Broadcast: 12/12/2012
Reporter: Heather Ewart
Australian ranks 27 of 48 countries in reading and our maths and science performance hasn't lifted since 1995, according to two international studies, providing a 'wake-up call' according to Education Minister Peter Garrett.
CHRIS UHLMANN, PRESENTER: Australia's been told that it must do better in class. An international test has found our schools lag well behind the world leaders in reading, maths and science. We're ranked 27th, on par with Eastern European nations.
The Federal Government's using the bad report card to push its education reform plan, but some experts say the results are open to interpretation.
National affairs correspondent Heather Ewart reports.
PETER GARRETT, MINISTER FOR SCHOOL EDUCATION: Australian students are either flatlining, they're going backwards in some instances or not going forwards as quickly as we need them to do.
GEOFF MASTERS, AUST. COUNCIL FOR EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH: I'm surprised particularly with the Year Four reading results. I think it's quite worrying that we rank 27th and that 21 countries in the world significantly outperformed Australia.
PAUL SHEAHAN, FORMER PRINCIPAL, MELBOURNE GRAMMER SCHOOL: I don't think we should give a knee-jerk reaction to the results. They require a fair bit of interpretation.
HEATHER EWART, REPORTER: The Australian education sector was in overdrive today, trying to make some sense of an international reading test showing our primary school students scored the lowest of any English-speaking nation. About 25 per cent of Australia's Year Four students failed to meet the minimum standard in reading for their age. And with the 48 countries tested, we ranked 27th, well behind the leaders, Hong Kong, Russia and Finland, as well as the US and England. It's the first time Australia participated.
PETER GARRETT: Today's results tell us that business as usual is simply not acceptable when it comes to education reform.
HEATHER EWART: What's gone wrong?
GEOFF MASTERS: It's hard to know. This is the first time we've had evidence that allows us to compare reading levels in primary schools with levels in other countries. So we're not able to say whether this is a new development, whether this has always been the way, whether our standards have improved or declined. So it's a little hard to know.
HEATHER EWART: But are the results quite as straightforward as they seem. Leading educators point to stark differences in cultures and teaching methods in the countries that took past.
DEBORAH CORRIGAN, EDUCATION, MONASH UNI.: Japan and Finland, Singapore - very monocultural societies and so they don't have multiple ethnic groups sitting in their classrooms. They have some, but not the diversity that Australia has. So, the context of the education in Australia is very different from those other countries. So, it's a bit like trying to compare apples and oranges rather than apples and apples.
PAUL SHEAHAN: And South-East Asian societies have no difficulty at all in training their children, particularly training them to be successful in testing. Whether that is good for their overall education and creates a - you know, a creative mind in the young people is open to debate. But there's no doubt that they see these results as being very important for their national pride and they have no compunction in spending a lot of time teaching to them. We don't.
HEATHER EWART: In other words, our students are not familiar with international testing or learning by rote, as is the case in some other systems.
The former head of the prestigious Melbourne Grammar and now chairman of the Melbourne Cricket Club, Paul Sheehan, argues that's not necessarily a bad thing.
PAUL SHEAHAN: My real concern is that - there's a bit of an analogy here, I think it's appropriate, between Test match cricket and Big Bash League. You know, I think we've got to make young people think more. Not be, you know, immediately grabbed by the superficial, but actually make them look behind the surface and get their brains working and I'm sure that's what will encourage growth in their mental capacities and that sort of thing will be reflected in the results in the long term.
HEATHER EWART: The international tests in reading, as well as maths and science where Australia was blitzed by Asian countries were conducted in 2010.
While educators all have a different take on the results and whether they can be fairly applied to the classrooms of today, they don't dispute there are lessons in it for Australia and this appears to centre on re-examining the education and practical training of teachers at all levels.
GEOFF MASTERS: I think we need to look carefully at how well we're preparing teachers, the kinds of people who are going into teaching, what we can do to lift the status of teaching as a profession. But we know, even from the results that are released today, that we have quite a number of teachers in our schools who are saying they themselves don't feel confident and well prepared to teach some of the things that we're asking them to teach, particularly in areas like science and mathematics.
CHERYL MCBRIDE, PRINCIPALS FORUM, NSW PUBLIC SCHOOLS: I think often teaching is a second or a third choice. I think particularly from our most intellectual graduates, often they will look at, I guess, the more socially acceptable or respected professions like law or medicine or engineering or whatever and just say to themselves, "Well, look, if I don't get into that then I will go into teaching."
HEATHER EWART: Better pay for teachers is an argument that comes up again and again in a bid to attract the best quality to the profession.
GEOFF MASTERS: It may be the case that we need to be paying more. What international experience suggests is that what's important is that teachers are paid at about the same level as other professionals, other graduates.
CHERYL MCBRIDE: It is about returning the status. We do need to pay them more. We do need to make it a bit tougher to get into university. At the moment in NSW we have way too many primary teachers, way too many. We cannot possibly give them the jobs that they would like to see in a permanent capacity. And so let's make it a bit harder. Let's make that entry level quite intellectually high so that we do get graduates that are quite clever.
HEATHER EWART: But the deputy dean of the Faculty of Education at Monash University, a big educator of teachers, disagrees, saying she thinks the bar is already high enough.
DEBORAH CORRIGAN: Our teacher education students are in the top 30 per cent in the country. Their ATARs are 70 and above. I think we have high quality teachers. What I do think we need to do is to start valuing our teachers. It's very easy to point the stick at teachers. There are many people who actually cannot teach because it is a highly demanding, highly stressful, highly emotive profession to engage in.
HEATHER EWART: And a parting word of advice from them all: parents need to take responsibility as well.
GEOFF MASTERS: Parents can do a lot to support their children's learning. They can read to them from a young age, they can get involved, talk with teachers, ask teachers how they can support what's happening in schools, monitor what's happening. So, yes, there's an important role that parents can play in supporting this improvement agenda.
HEATHER EWART: And no amount of international testing can beat that.
CHRIS UHLMANN: Heather Ewart reporting. | http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2012/s3653350.htm?site=goulburnmurray | dclm-gs1-164970001 | false | false | {
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0.031844 | <urn:uuid:bea63bae-787b-4acf-9d97-984a8cfcbe4b> | en | 0.926537 | anchovy, Anchovies (Engraulis mordax)Tom McHugh/Photo Researchersany of numerous schooling saltwater fishes of the family Engraulidae (order Clupeiformes) related to the herring and distinguished by a large mouth, almost always extending behind the eye, and by a pointed snout. Most of the more than 100 species live in shallow tropical or warm temperate seas, where they often enter brackish water around river mouths. A few tropical anchovies inhabit freshwater.
Anchovies lay large numbers of elongate, transparent, floating eggs in spring and summer. The eggs hatch in about two days, and the larvae sink to the bottom. Young and adult anchovies feed on plankton, and their growth is rapid. Adult anchovies are 10–25 cm (4–10 inches) long. Temperate-water types such as the northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) and the European anchovy (E. encrasicholus) are important food fishes; tropical ones such as the tropical anchovy or anchoveta (Cetengraulis mysticetus) are important bait, especially in the tuna fishery. Large numbers of anchovies of the genus Coilia, which have long anal fins and tapered bodies, are dried and eaten in China. Many species of anchovies are easily injured and are killed by contact with a net or other solid object. | http://www.britannica.com/print/topic/23254 | dclm-gs1-165150001 | false | false | {
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0.024125 | <urn:uuid:cd13ef80-4b14-40dc-a245-c3745245104b> | en | 0.943014 | Philips 26PF5520D review: Philips 26PF5520D
CNET Editors' Rating
4 stars Excellent
Review Date:
Updated on:
The Good Connectivity; features; high-definition compatibility.
The Bad Confusing remote control; component inputs shared with VGA.
The Bottom Line A great-value LCD TV, which thanks to Freeview integration and high-definition compatibility won't have to be upgraded for some time to come. While picture performance would benefit from Philips' Pixel Plus 2, this is a mid-range model intended for the bedroom or study, and it still manages to beat everything else at its size
Don't Miss
There's no doubt about it, LCD television is the Danny Zucco of the gadget world. And as if this ruling denizen of the technological schoolyard weren't cocky enough, Philips greased up its hair and gave it a brand new leather jacket when it released the Ambilight version of its flat-screen TV. The 42PF9986, otherwise known as the trendiest mainstream television in the world, has a set of fluorescent lights in the back of the TV that reacts to the colours on screen and supposedly relaxes the eyes. Fashion never comes cheap, though, and the Ambilight LCD carries a hefty £1,000 premium.
With the 26PF5520D, Philips has done a complete U-turn, offering what is currently the most feature-packed LCD at under £1,000. It offers everything that you could reasonably want on a modern TV, including full high-definition compatibility and built-in Freeview, all for the miserly sum of £700 (from online specialists; it's closer to £900 on the high street) -- which would have been unthinkable just six months ago. It doesn't offer any of the picture processing or NXT speakers that have become standard on more expensive Philips sets, but with a decent picture quality and a shopping list of features, this is a true bargain.
Bar an abundance of stickers that have been awkwardly placed on the TV (one of which promises that 'excitement' has been turned up to the max), Philips' LCD looks great. The desktop stand is packaged separately, so if you don't want to wall-mount it, you'll need to do some DIY assembly work. When it's all set up, the package easily captures that trademark Philips style. The screen itself is surrounded by a 40mm black bezel, with speakers sitting on either side, making the TV look like it costs substantially more than it actually does.
In order for Philips to get that coveted 'HD Ready' badge, the connectivity requirements are hefty. For consumers, this is a plus point, because it means you can connect up all your AV equipment now and in the future without needing to worry. The TV itself has a DVI input, with PC input, two Scarts (one RGB), S-video and composite. Like a standalone Freeview tuner, the TV itself also has a digital audio output so you can connect it up to a home cinema system, in this case a coaxial type.
Philips' TV package bulges like a bare-chested Geordie's beer gut. There's a nifty selection of interconnects and adaptors which allow even more connectivity to the television. The converter that lets you plug S-video and composite into Scart may be of limited use, but if you have an older computer you can use the VGA-DVI connector to plug it in and use the TV as a monitor. Bear in mind that you'll need a fairly modern graphics card to support a widescreen resolution, though. The most important adaptor is component-VGA, which makes the screen compatible with most modern DVD players.
Freeview is no simple add-on -- it has been integrated into the TV well. The PC Card slot allows you to add a subscription card for the TopUp TV service, which may not be such a big attraction now that E4's freely available, but it's nice to have the option.
The 26PF5520D has a remote control that's very well constructed, with a sturdy frame that feels like it will survive the rigours of everyday use. However, the buttons don't feel well mapped-out and the menu structures have a random feel to them. When choosing an AV channel, the TV does nothing when you press OK -- for some reason you have to press direction right instead.
Philips' LCD is one of the first midrange TVs to carry the 'HD Ready' icon, which assures you it's ready for all future high-definition standards. The compatibility problem lies with Sky, which announced that its HD service (due next year) will require a TV with High Definition Content Protocol (HDCP) on board to prevent its programmes being copied. Whenever you see the 'HD Ready' logo on a TV, you know it'll accept Sky HD, and consequently it won't need upgrading for a long time to come. If you buy the Philips TV, you can avoid all this confusion, because it will accept all current and future video standards.
In addition to all this high-definition loveliness, this Philips LCD also includes a Freeview receiver. Along with the ample connectivity, it means that this TV is one of the first to tick every single box on our features wish list. It also bears the hallmarks of a second generation iDTV, with PIN code protection to restrict certain channels, and a favourites list to simply ignore those that you never watch. Uniquely, you can also tell the TV the age of your children and it will automatically block any unsuitable content. If you subscribe to the TopUp TV service, there are some adult channels available, so in this case you may want to block some channels out completely. The same is true for radio channels. If you're going away and want to make recordings from Freeview, you can set the TV to turn itself to a certain channel at a certain time.
In terms of picture quality, there's no perceivable upgrade over using a standard digital TV receiver. This is partly down to the TV's lack of advanced picture processing, something which is normally only a characteristic of more expensive TVs. You can still tailor the audio/visual just how you like it, with Soft, Multimedia, Personal, Rich and Natural all available for video and Music, Voice, Personal and Theatre on the audio side. You can change the individual parameters such as contrast, brightness and balance and then store them in the Personal settings.
Philips' LCD will also do cross-source Picture in Picture, so you can watch TV while you're typing up an AV review (but don't tell's publisher).
Given the price, the Philips 26PF5520D's picture performance is good. With Freeview, you can easily tell there isn't any picture processing going on behind the scenes. The picture is blocky and there's colour bleed, but the size of the screen limits the detrimental impact at the normal viewing distance. Screen detail is very good, making this an excellent PC monitor.
When you compare it to previous-generation LCD screens from Dell and Viewsonic, which retailed for a similar price, picture performance is much superior on the Philips. The 16ms response time is quick enough to prevent too much smearing on Freeview TV, but it can be noticeable on first-person shooter games such as Battlefield 2. For regular desktop work such as word processing and Internet browsing, it's great, and the PIP modes make this an ideal monitor replacement (as long as you can resist the allure of digital TV during work).
The speakers can reach a loud volume without distortion, making them acceptable for Freeview music channels and digital radio. The Virtual Dolby Surround mode should be avoided, and if you have an AV amplifier or home cinema system, you should hook up via the coaxial audio output.
Edited by Mary Lojkine
Additional editing by Nick Hide
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Philips 26PF5520D
Part Number: CNETPhilips 26PF5520D
Typical Price: £700.00
See manufacturer website for availability. | http://www.cnet.com/uk/products/philips-26pf5520d/ | dclm-gs1-165230001 | false | false | {
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0.042632 | <urn:uuid:6e3724d4-b2e0-406b-b0e5-46dfcaf51b64> | en | 0.979492 | Jason Aaron Puts Marvel's Secrets Up for Grabs in "Original Sin"
Wed, January 8th, 2014 at 5:28am PST
Comic Books
Albert Ching, Managing Editor
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For a character introduced during Stan Lee and Jack Kirby's legendary "Fantastic Four" run, there really haven't been that many stories that featured Uatu, The Watcher, as a major component. Sure, he was the narrator of "What If?" and generally shows up a few times a year to break his non-interference vow and to signify that the Marvel Comics title you are reading is a big deal, but he's rarely front and center.
That changes starting in May 2014 with "Original Sin", Marvel's freshly announced event series for this year, from the creative team of writer Jason Aaron and Mike Deodato Jr., with covers from Julian Totino Tedesco. And all it took for Uatu to garner all of this attention was to get murdered.
Marvel's 2014 Event Announced: Aaron & Deodato's "Original Sin"
The eight-issue "Original Sin" -- which will also include multiple tie-ins and a #0 issue out in April by Mark Waid and Jim Cheung -- is described by Aaron as a murder mystery played out over a cosmic scale, with the original Nick Fury leading a group of Marvel heroes on a manhunt to both find Uatu's killer, and to preserve the many secrets The Watcher had been keeping over the years.
CBR News spoke with Aaron in-depth about "Original Sin," asking readers, "What does it mean for the Marvel Universe when suddenly no one is watching?"
Story continues below
CBR News: Jason, ever since the first "Original Sin" teaser image surfaced last November, folks have speculated that this story is connected to the "Point One" short from 2011 by Ed Brubaker and Javier Pulido. Is that indeed the case?
Jason Aaron & Mike Deodato brings a cosmic murder mystery to the Marvel U in "Original Sin"
Jason Aaron: This is one of those stories that grew out of our retreats that we have a few times a year. "Original Sin" was something that had been in the ether for a couple retreats, and floated around. There are always stories that are out there that we know we want to get to at some point, it's a matter of figuring out how things fit and how things line up.
Retailer Postcard, "Point One" Story Give Glimpse into Marvel's Future, Uatu's Demise
What was it about the story that appealed to you?
The idea of doing on one hand a crime story -- it's a murder mystery -- but played out on very much a cosmic scale. I had a lot of fun writing the "Thanos Rising" miniseries, which was kind of my first taste of Marvel cosmic. But it was still a very dark and gritty story. I think the first couple arcs with "Thor: God of Thunder" were the same thing -- Thor chasing a serial killer, but it was this grand, epic, cosmic sci-fi/fantasy kind of story.
RELATED: Aaron Courts Death in "Thanos Rising"
Along with the big name Avengers, surely.
Right. Of course, the main Avengers are there right from the get-go. But I wanted it to be more than just an Avengers story. I wanted to reach out to all different corners of the Marvel Universe. We don't always see the X-Men and the Avengers in an event together -- unless they're fighting each other. This one really pulls characters from all different corners, and a lot of them haven't been a big part of Marvel events before.
Nick Fury is a big part of this. He sort of becomes the Marvel version of a homicide detective for the sake of this story. He's leading the investigation.
The new Nick Fury?
Old Nick Fury.
What can you share about the significance of the title "Original Sin"?
Well, it's certainly significant. But I can't say anything more or [Marvel senior vice president of publishing] Tom [Brevoort] will have me laid out next to The Watcher.
Well, you've written big events before -- you were one of the main writers on "Battle of the Atom," and one of the five writers on "Avengers vs. X-Men," but this is your first time doing something on this scale at Marvel solo, which has to feel pretty cool.
It's been great so far. I'm glad I dipped my toe in this sort of thing before by doing it as part of a team; being involved in X-Men events and, of course, "Avengers vs. X-Men." I'm glad I had a taste of that before diving into it on my own.
But this has been great. I love working with Tom and [Marvel editor-in-chief] Axel [Alonso]; I've worked with them on these kinds of projects before. It's nice to sit back and know you've got every toy in the toy box at your disposal. You can really play with all of it. With this, I'm trying to throw everything I want to be able to use into this one story. It's a big, action-driven story. There are tons of mysteries that are woven in this. It takes us to different corners of the Marvel Universe -- a big, sprawling, epic, cosmic story all tied around a murder mystery.
The series will span the entire Marvel cast of characters, not just the Avengers
Length-wise, it's literally a big story -- eight issues, correct?
Yep, eight issues. It's a big story, there are definite acts involved, so other than expecting a murder mystery, there are surprises and revelations along the way. Things take some unexpected turns, and the book opens, of course, with the murder of The Watcher -- that's what sets everything into motion -- but that won't be the only murder you'll see over the course of the book.
And having The Watcher at the center of a story, as the driving force kicking things off, is unique on its own. What's it like to write a story that's centered around The Watcher -- by his nature kind of the ultimate background character -- and getting your head around exploring his importance to the Marvel Universe?
It was about what he represents to the Marvel Universe. He's literally this giant, cosmic godlike figure who stands on the moon and watches everything that we do. What does that mean for the Marvel Universe when suddenly that guy is dead, when suddenly no one is watching? He doesn't just see the big, grand moments -- it's not just the moments when Galactus shows up -- he sees the little moments, too. He sees the way the Marvel Universe has changed through its history. What happens when all those secrets are suddenly up for grabs? If someone's killed The Watcher and stolen them, what does that mean for the Marvel Universe?
Not in a direct sense. I don't think we've got stories right now that are directly building towards "Original Sin." Even Ed's prelude, I'm not writing the same story Ed would have written. Ed didn't leave me an outline that I went by or anything like that. It's still me taking that little story he wrote and the idea that was circulating around the room, and crafting my own story from that.
Just in terms of what's fed into it for me, I've been rereading a lot of Steranko's "Nick Fury." I want it to be that kind of story -- it's very much a whacked-out, action-driven story that plays with all the cool toys in the Marvel Universe.
The artist for "Original Sin" is Mike Deodato, and the two of you actually have worked together before -- on, of all things, a Brooklyn Nets comic from Marvel Custom Solutions distributed to fans last NBA season.
I've done these kinds of stories before, like "Avengers vs. X-Men," where you've got a bunch of different writers and a bunch of different artists involved. And that's cool, I think you get a cool story out of that. But it's nice with this one that it's me and it's Mike. Mike's the kind of artist who can do this whole thing by himself. It's a big project, there are tons and tons of characters in this, tons of different settings, lots of different action, big, big moments, and he's the kind of guy who can pull all that off in a very timely fashion. He's super-fast. It's the first time I've worked with a guy where I've said, "Man, can you slow down a little? I can't keep up! It's Christmas! Slow down, give me a break." [Laughs]
It's been great. I'm glad we get to do something big now, rather than just our initial basketball story -- which was fun, too. The most fun I've ever had writing a basketball story.
Sure, and what's great about this is, he's getting to draw everybody over the course of this story. It has a huge cast. It's cool to get to see Mike's take on The Punisher, and Doctor Strange, and Fury, some of those sorts of characters -- Gamora, from Guardians of the Galaxy.
Being the sole writer of this event, and surely one with multiple tie-ins as these things tend to do, how does that change your experience in being the sole writer -- are you also writing some tie-ins? Are you in the loop on other books more than normal? How does that change your workload?
The series begins with a Marvel Universe-wide manhunt to find Uatu's killer
I'll be writing some tie-ins. I think the nature of the tie-ins for this book will be different than what we've done before. I don't know how much I can say about that, but it's a very different kind of set-up.
Coming into something like this, one of the worries is always a book like this, an event like this, is going to be judged in part based on all those different stories. You don't want it to be judged by the weakest of the tie-ins. You don't want things that are tie-ins for the sake of boosting your numbers; that's just a story that doesn't really have anything to say. We've been very conscious with that with this book, and making sure that if we're going to do a tie-in, let's make sure there's a valid reason for it and a real story to tell. Given the nature of this book and the nature of the tie-in, I think it's made it a lot easier than the kind of book we've done in the past.
That's the big question at the beginning of the book. "Who killed the Watcher?" A big part of that first arc is a Marvel Universe-wide manhunt for our killer. In terms of who those villains are, there will be teases and clues right off the bat, but it's something that will come to be revealed as we go along. With most stories like this, even when you think you know what's going on, maybe you really don't. There will be lots of surprises and questions right out of the gate in issue #1. Of course, that's the biggest -- "who's the villain?"
To be slightly more specific, that original Point One story mentioned something called "The Unseen." Is that still part of the story?
That'll come up right out of the gate in issue #1. We will find out who that's referring to.
I think the appeal as a writer is the same thing that appealed to me as a fan growing up, the first time I read "Secret Wars" or "Crisis on Infinite Earths." The scope and scale of the story; that this is a story that impacts the entire comic book universe, and features this huge cast of characters, and a threat that nobody can stop but the entire universe teaming together. Those kinds of stories are fun to read. That's why we continue to do them over the years. They're fun to write. I loved reading superhero comics as a kid, and that's why I still like writing them.
If you're going to do that, I think it's nice to at some point grab that brass ring and do a big, universe-spanning event story, at least once. If I screw this one up, at least I got this one. I can say I took my shot. This is me doing very much the kind of story I love to do. I think if you liked the stuff I've been writing the last couple of years, you'll be into this. If you liked those first couple arcs of "Thor," I think you'll be a fan of "Original Sin."
It also seems that there's an obvious importance in making each event, since there are quite a few, feel different -- this one, genre-wise, being a cosmic-scale murder mystery, that feels different. How important was that to you? Doing something that has a lot of the hallmarks of the past events readers have seen before, but making it uniquely your own and making it different?
That's kind of what we talk about at these retreats. Like I said, "Original Sin" was an idea we've been talking about for a while, it was a matter of figuring out when we should do it, when it works best. A big part of that is making sure we're not repeating ourselves every year with this kind of stuff. You do want to mix it up, and do an event that seems very different than the last one we did. I think this one will be.
"Original Sin" rocks the Marvel Universe in May 2014.
TAGS: marvel comics, original sin, jason aaron, mike deodato, nick fury
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#15 - doggstar (05/17/2012) [-]
i'm only here because when i'm round other people i don't know i start to freak out and have panic attacks. the worst one was when i had just gotten out of hospital and was still under the effects of the medication they pumped me with. i walked right past the chick i was meeting to have coffee with and rushed to the nearest park to relax under a tree.... i hate it and it seriously affects my social life. i can't even go to the pub or clubs let alone allow other people touch me.
Friends (0) | http://www.funnyjunk.com/funny_pictures/3699121/Funnyjunk+man/15 | dclm-gs1-165430001 | false | false | {
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#81 - anonymous (12/29/2012) [-]
Legitimate question here, so please don't kill me. I have never been on any other site like this but FJ. The only reason I know about 4chan, tumblr, reddit, etc. is seeing the posts on here. OK. On a post like this, where everyone is anon, how can you tell who's posting? For instance the thread originator. How do you know which other entry is his reply?
This was hilarious, but I'm just curious.
#83 to #81 - Sunset has deleted their comment [-]
#84 to #83 - anonymous (12/29/2012) [-]
Thank you, Sunset, but I still don't quite understand. I really do appreciate your help, though.
Again, thanks.
#86 to #84 - Sunset has deleted their comment [-]
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0.032937 | <urn:uuid:84ef7bae-05d6-4c36-902d-9b33a1983a0e> | en | 0.899673 | Pedicure, Shellac Manicure, or Both at Nails by Alicia - Serendipity Salon and Spa (Up to 53% Off)
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A brilliant comeback effort - 93%
slayrrr666, July 23rd, 2013
The third offering from German thrashers Paradox, “Collision Course,” sees the band return from their hiatus with another in a long line of powerful, full-throttle thrash albums that sees them deliver in a mature, refined nature that is on par with the quality in their catalog.
After the decade-long layover between albums, the group is remarkable competent at maintaining their core sound and drive after all this time as there’s still plenty on display here that was present back in their heyday. It’s full of rampaging guitar riffs that recall the epic intricacies of bay-area styled thrash but spiced with loads of melodies that often make for a power metal band as well, and that was a feature that was not tampered with in their previous albums and is still here, as well as the barreling tempos as the songs range from absolute full-throttle thrash barnburners to more of a mid-tempo groove as well as more laid-back styles that are quite atmospheric and melodic. That all of these features were quite prominent in their previous work makes them all welcome additions here as well, making the music connect more to their fans while attempting to bridge that gap to the new generation. As well, the group’s penchant for eerily melodic-crooned vocals continues here with another impressive performance that brings the songs to life as they soar and climb over the music following the twists and turns in the riffing patterns that come from their stellar rhythm section as the bass absolutely thumps with joyous abandon and the drumming is just a non-stop blast, weaving around plenty of organic fills, tons of intense double-bass movements and keeps the tempo up during the majority of the songs. As mentioned before, all this is found in great supply in their past works.
It’s not so much really an inclusion into their sound, but the fact that the album displays the band undergoing a far more technical approach in the riffing patterns is a big development, as this is basically extended from their previous album but ramped up tenfold based on the kind of stellar riffing presented here. Rather than the typical idea of technicality where it’s over-the-top whirlwinds, sweeps and dive-bombing riffs playing with extreme precision and accuracy, the technicality here is merely a cool way of generating a denser series of riffs based on the main part in the song, allowing for some really intense moments throughout that are just all the more insane because of the different varieties and tones within the song. Also of note is that this technical riffing manages to make the album far more melodic than it really should, all by virtue of the rather simplistic decision of integrating their older power metal riffs the main focus of attention when it descends into the technical realm, so while it’s thrashing away at a quick tempo the technical prowess being undertaken is a lighter, more accessible sound that retains an intense vibe as well, which is quite an accomplished feat that proves the band’s long-displayed ability to write solid, enjoyable songs that are instantly memorable and melodic as well as intense.
The album’s split-up somewhat by comparison between the two sections, with the first half of the album containing more melodic fare. Opener ‘Decade of Sorrow’ is a short, guitar-centered ambient intro that kicks into high-gear with the propulsive title track, which features intense bay-area riffing with large doses of technicality and melody that keep the energy up while dropping their power/speed tag due to the aforementioned technicality, and features a blazing solo as well. The more melodic ‘Rearrange the Past’ features another acoustic intro that gives way to crunchy mid-tempo chug with an ethereal feel due to the strong riffing and steady, solid pacing throughout, becoming a nice highlight effort. ‘Path of Denial’ is the first real thrash song with intense riffing while maintaining a core of bay area thrash dynamics with incorporating traditional power/thrash patterns with a serious of melodic, yet technically-leaning riffs that really deliver the goods quite nicely. ‘Saviour’ is perhaps the finest example of this half of the album as it seems to interject all the efforts into one singular track, as it’s a mid-tempo effort with expansive riffing that doesn’t get any sense of tightness and lacks energy before an impressive final attempt, generating the thrash goods quite nicely.
By contrast, the second half of the album is where all the really meaty, vicious tracks are and where the album really hits its stride. ‘Blamed for Nothing’ contains an intense chugging riff with plenty of grooving vocals, an up-tempo pace and a nice melodic intersection at the end as the twinkling sound emanating through the song comes to full-attention and makes for a perfect breather after the full-scale assault. ‘Prostitution of Society’ starts with an eerie intro that turns into a thrashing mid-tempo groove with plenty of guitar pyrotechnics among the power metal atmosphere rather than the thrash, but overall this is a solid enough track. Next is two similar-sounding back-to-back tracks that are real highlights in the bands discography for their sheer overall thrashing madness, as ‘Shattered Illusions’ and ‘Sadness’ follow along eerily familiar paths together, being ultra-intense and blasting full-throttle thrashers with aggressive charging riffs in an up-tempo atmosphere, blasting drumming and plenty of intricate, powerful solos to create a commanding, powerful presence for a double-shot of awesome speed. Needing a break from that madness is ‘Overshadowed,’ which eases off the full-speed throttle in favor of a melodic-leaning chug with an energetic pace and tempo that’s quite enjoyable and is another solid overall track. It all ends with a rocking, energetic cover of The Scorpions’ Dynamite,’ which attempts to drop the hard-rock feel of the original of incorporating it into the bands’ power/thrash style, and while it misfires on that attempt overall it’s quite impressive if not comparing it to the original to end the album on a solid note.
This is one of the more enjoyable and exciting releases in the thrash scene for a long time and really serves well-enough on that note without the added bonus of it being a comeback record after a decade of silence, so on that front as well this is a strong effort. Containing a memorable infusion of bay-area styled thrash with a technically-infused power/thrash approach they refined back in their early days, this is a real throwback to the glory days of the scene and really doesn’t have too many flaws that’ll hold it down at all, as everything from the songwriting to the performances to the individual achievements and even the production job are superb and really make this a well-rounded and polished effort. This is highly recommended to all fans of the band as well as to those of the style or just plain thrash fanatics who will find plenty to enjoy on this one.
Surviving the silence of a decade - 82%
autothrall, October 15th, 2010
History was not so kind to us, exposing us to the brilliant Paradox sophomore Heresy and then forcing us to wait over a decade for a sequel, but for whatever reasons, that is how it played itself out. Once the 90s were in session, of course, thrash metal had all but died out, many artists simply giving up or releasing pathetic attempts to 'fit in' to the alternative and groove metal trends. Death and black metal wore the genre's armor, with their more excessive levels of energy and disposition, and the German thrash masters who had only so recently exploded into a Renaissance that today remains only rivaled by the Bay Area legends were whispered of only in tight circles of 80s worshiping guitar maniacs and nostalgic blowhards like yours truly.
Around the turn of the century, very few people were expecting to hear from Paradox, and yet in 2000 we were thrown a curve ball when Collision Course suddenly arrived out of the seeming nether. For the most part, this album picks up where Heresy left off, only adding the relative benefits of thicker production. You'll still hear the same flight, explosive guitar work, rooted in both fellow German thrashers like Destruction and a heavy classical influence. Steinhauer had a wider vocal presence here, still reminiscent of frontmen like a Belladonna or Eric AK but with that wonderful bite to it that was both melodic and venomous. If anything, Collision Course is slightly more progressive, the band willing to branch out just an inkling further than the first two records, but then bum rush you with the momentum you would want from the dual guitar team of Steinhauer and Kai Pasemann (the latter replacing Markus Spyth from the first two albums) and the Holzwarth rhythm team.
There's yet another acoustic segue as an intro, "Decade of Sorrow" (perhaps a poorly veiled reference to the decade we just spent sans a new Paradox album). "Collision Course" itself is also worthy of the previous album, and really all the band have exchanged is the lyrical concept from one that concerns religious fugitives to one that concerns us all, here on Mother Earth. Then, like Heresy, Collision Course continues to strike early and strikes hard, with the nearly 8 minute, cautiously thrashing excursion "Rearrange the Past", the spurious momentum of "Path of Denial", and "Blamed for Nothing", a melodic charger with a wealth of smaller, brisk leads and rhythmic shifts that complement the thrashing force. The tranquil "Saviour" and the frenetic "Shattered Illusions" are also worth mentioning, as is the pure bad ass thrashing of "Sadness". "Prostitution of Society" is likewise intense, but not a favorite here, nor did I fall as deeply into the pretty paint-by-numbers riffing of "Overshadowed", but it too does not lack for the band's energetic undercurrent. As a bonus, the band tossed on a cover of the Scorpions' "Dynamite", which they've fused successfully to their hyperactive conventions.
Collision Course is not my personal favorite Paradox album, but it's another notch in the band's quality resume, nearly as strong as its nearest neighbors Heresy or Electrify. It was more than welcome in the year 2000, when I had all but given up on any chance of hearing them again. Most of the songs here are worthwhile, but a few seem to lag behind in the quality of the riffs, or they simply feel redundant to other tracks the band had written by this point. In what seems a bitterly ironic turn of events, it would be another 8 years until we got a fourth Paradox effort, but then at least we got two in a row of superb quality. Collision Course serves as a worthwhile stopgap, a proof that even in its deadest hours, some of the giants of thrash metal were still stirring, still sending us a signal that they have not left us, to prepare ourselves for the genre's inevitable return from silence and suck, the dust whorls being systematically flecked off its rust-proof steel.
One massive fucking album - 94%
DGYDP, April 8th, 2009
This album was released in a time when thrash metal was as good as dead, meaning it might have slipped under the radar of many of you. I am here to inform you that Collision Course is one massive fucking album and should not slip under any radar. Being the comeback album of the very noteworthy Paradox, it not only managed to continue the band's great legacy, but singlehandedly reinvented melodic thrash. It is the heaviest Paradox effort thus far, both in composition and sound. The colossal riffs will knock you off your chair and leave you on the ground begging for mercy, which will be granted during extensive parts of instrumental (at times even acoustic) noodling. Don't make any illusions about fully recovering, because the solo's are equally impressive and it never takes long before another monstrous riff pops up to attack and threaten you with severe whiplash syndromes.
And that's only talking about the thrash parts. As we could have expected from Paradox, most songs have crushingly 'epic' intros, preparing the listener for a pending rampage of riffs. “Blamed For Nothing”, “Collision Course” and “Shattered Illusion” can easily be counted among the band's best songs ever, while “Path Of Denial” is my all-time personal Paradox favorite. Those of you familiar with the band realize this is saying quite a lot. There is however one downside, and that's a tad too much aimless material that doesn't seem to go anywhere. Barring the magnificent songs, there are also many sections or even entire songs that are just 'ok', and don't do much to me. With the album clocking in at almost an hour, these parts would have gotten rid of if it were up to me. “Prostitution Of Society” or “Rearrange The Past” are two of such songs that -even though they contain some great sections- simply drag too long.
Stylistically this album could be compared to releases as Ride The Lightning or Rust In Peace, except heavier. The unique vocals don't really compare to any other band and sometimes even come close to melodic talking. Not once are they on the foreground, leaving enough room for the excellent musicianship to fully shine. The production is absurdly tight, which unfortunately can't be said about their 80s releases, Heresy and Product of Imagination. There is also less power/speed metal to be found here, making it the thrashiest Paradox album ever. All in all this is a first-rate album by a first-rate band, which should be put on the first spot of your wishlist. This band has always stayed true to themselves without falling into repetition and should be applauded for this, so get your ass to the record store and buy this behemoth of an album.
What a comeback! - 94%
fluffy_ferret, August 20th, 2005
Every once in a while an album is released which will leave you completely dumbfounded with its headbanging qualities. The sound grabs your attention so mercilessly you won’t be able to put it down for months to come and it gets better and better with each listen. Collision Course, a delight from start to finish, is one such album.
Greatness isn’t unfamiliar to Paradox as they are famous for making two extremely solid (thrashy) speed-metal albums back in the 80s. They had a good sense of melody, excellent riffs, and better than average songwriting. Collision Course is a comeback album (being eleven years since they made Heresy) and the band is back with a vengeance, sporting an updated, modern sound; it’s heavier and more technical than before, and the songwriting has taken on almost a progressive shade. Gone are the somewhat one-dimensional songs of the past – the songwriting tends to be a complex affair with many-a-songs-in-one so to speak.
This is one of my ultimate albums as the band manages to successfully mix all those ingredients I love; it’s melodic, catchy, heavy, thrashy and speedy, with consistent and varied songwriting. ‘Saviour’ is an example of some of that complex songwriting I was talking about, as the song moves from an acoustic intro to intense riffing and calmer passages. ‘Collision Course’, perhaps the most traditional song on the album, is fast and furious.
‘Path of Denial’ is an incredibly thrashy song which will make you wondering what cover of Dark Angel this is. ‘Prostitution of Society’ with its great leadwork sets the mood for the story being told. The opening (and reoccurring) riff in ‘Sadness’ is impressive, keeping you intrigued for the remainder of the song. As the song picks up you ask yourself just how much better it can get…
One of the things i love most about the album is the mood and atmosphere. Think Iced Earth’s Burnt Offerings or Vio-lence’s Nothing to Gain. It’s dark, but mature and serious at the same time. It’s an intriguing sound, not to be taken lightly. The band plays like they mean it, which is the way it should be.
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0.20743 | <urn:uuid:4eb586c4-adc5-45af-b307-5b35be9abb2b> | en | 0.974262 | to ask my neighbour to turn off their outdoor lights?
(44 Posts)
BuiltForComfort Thu 10-Jan-13 12:09:04
kinkyfuckery Thu 10-Jan-13 12:26:50
If your DS has a blind that helps him sleep regardless of the light, what's the problem?
Convict224 Thu 10-Jan-13 12:31:54
You have to ask. Do it politely of course and if she refuses talk to someone in the council. I suspect that there are rules covering this.
My son, when he moved into his house couldn't afford curtains for his living room. His neighbour asked him to turn off his main light by 10 pm and just use a lamp as it disturbed her (she didn't like to sleep with her curtains closed) It didn't bother him. (He is a much better person than me)
rollmopses Thu 10-Jan-13 12:37:34
Security light that is on constantly (at night) is considered to be much more effective that motion-activated light according to security experts. (ie. police who came to investigate when our old house was broken into whilst my DTs and I were asleep).
If your son sleeps, what's the problem? I doubt your plants are complaining.
MinesaBottle Thu 10-Jan-13 12:39:32
My mum had the same problem with her neighbour and in the end just asked her - not to turn it off but if she realised it was on. The neighbour apparently had forgotten to turn it off confused - which might be true as the light's in the back and the neighbour tends to stay in her lounge at the front of the house in the evenings.
If she refuses I think there are rules covering it depending on the council.
AmberLeaf Thu 10-Jan-13 12:45:10
Motion sensitive lights are far more annoying than one that is on constantly IME.
I have motion sensitive ones and notice the on and off when cats/foxes etc walk by more than if I set it on all the time.
I agree with rollmopses too about a well lit house being safer re burglars.
YDdraigGoch Thu 10-Jan-13 12:50:14
I've been led to believe that security lighting actually makes things easier for burglars, and doesn't act as a deterrent. They can be in and out quicker because they can a) see what they're doing and b) see who else is around. Perhaps that would convince her
AmberLeaf Thu 10-Jan-13 12:51:25
C) they can also be seen!
Startail Thu 10-Jan-13 12:59:28
Our lights are easy to set to stay on by accident.
I would say something as security lights are a particularly intrusive kind of light.
realcoalfire Thu 10-Jan-13 13:17:14
so it doesn't bother your son but you don't like it because it's
a) wasting his electricity
b)inconveniencing mice and rats.
realcoalfire Thu 10-Jan-13 13:17:47
and how is light bad for plants?
BuiltForComfort Thu 10-Jan-13 13:24:44
It annoys me because it lights up my kitchen and back bedroom, which I use as a study, from 4pm onwards or whenever it starts to go dark now. It annoys me because it is incredibly bright. There are thought to be disadvantages to plants from being exposed to artificial light in terms of growth, flowering etc. birds, insects, bats can all suffer. It is a safe area with all the back gardens enclosing the space so access for burglars is limited.
chris481 Thu 10-Jan-13 14:02:02
I thought plants did need darkness, the link below seems to indicate I'm right. I knew this from keeping plants in an aquarium. I commented to a friend about the strange green security lights that lit up the communal lawns near my flat, saying that they might not be doing the grass any good. She cleverly observed that if plants reflect green light it probably means it doesn't affect them.
Lonelybunny Thu 10-Jan-13 14:19:46
Yanbu this would really annoy me ! I need it to be totally dark to sleep ! I would ask her politely just say it's shining right through your house and it's uncomfortable .y dads neighbour asked h to reposition his light as did ours and we gladly obliged we didn't know it was disturbing anyone .
Shesparkles Thu 10-Jan-13 14:23:57
If the light bugs you put blackout blinds or curtains up.
Good luck with asking him to turn it off for the sake of wildlife, but I think you're onto a laser given the amount of light pollution there is from street lighting!
Lonelybunny Thu 10-Jan-13 14:27:24
We were told our security light kept going off and shinning staring into our neighbours bedroom I felt terrible it must have been really annoying ! We just pushed it down a bit and he says no problems now. Really I think it's selfish I really do .
RyleDup Thu 10-Jan-13 14:42:50
It is selfish, my neighbours had one of these once and it used to shine right into my bedroom. It was so bright it used to blind me when I looked out of the window.
Ask them to do something about it.
YDdraigGoch Thu 10-Jan-13 16:39:51
Amber - the local neighbourhood watch PCM says people are not usually that vigilant, and that sec lighting doesn't particularly reduce crime.
YDdraigGoch Thu 10-Jan-13 16:40:17
PC, not PCM!
AlwaysHoldingOnToStarbug Thu 10-Jan-13 16:50:13
Our neighbours had one and cats/foxes etc used to set it off, which was annoying enough, but then the damn thing broke. It started flashing on and off constantly, and it was directed at our bedroom window. It was so bad it used to wake us up, flashing lights outside the window. I was just about to ask the neighbours to sort it out when the bulb must have blown as it stopped, and they haven't bothered replacing the bulb thank goodness!
Our gardens are secure too, no rear access unless you want to clamber over a load of fences to get to the middle houses, so i'm not sure why they thought a security light was necessary.
I don't YABU to ask her to turn it off, whether she will is another matter, it doesn't sound like she is too neighbourly. Or maybe you caught her at a bad time when you asked for the ball back.
digerd Thu 10-Jan-13 17:13:53
When I moved in to my new house, there was already a security light on the back wall, which came on if something stepped on the ground in a certain place. It did go off after 10 minutes or so, which was annoying for me when I was doing gardening in the dark in the summer at the back of the garden on a warm night. So had a permanent light installed, but that didn't last long.
Then my security light kept coming on and not going off at night, and as my neighbour's bedroom is next to the light - 2m away- before she complained, I turned it off permanently, just to be considerate, and to not waste my electricity too.
Nocturnal wild-life would be affected by a strong lighting, I believe, if left on all night and possibly the flora too.
portraitoftheartist Thu 10-Jan-13 20:36:45
Why should op go to the expense of blackout blinds? Go and tell her politely that her very bright light is keeping you all awake.
You could check with your local council. I think security lighting can come under nuisance rules.
Just mention that the light is shining into your house and garden and ask if they could reposition it so it is only on their property. Asking to reposition it may be more effective than asking them to turn it off, they obviously have it for a reason.
Salmotrutta Thu 10-Jan-13 21:50:06
Does your neighbour's name end in the sound a cow makes?
<innocent whistle>
VivaLeBeaver Thu 10-Jan-13 21:52:24
Salmotrutta Thu 10-Jan-13 21:53:15
<hides from MNHQ>
VivaLeBeaver Thu 10-Jan-13 21:55:11
There'll be a klaxon going off in mn towers.
WifeofPie Thu 10-Jan-13 21:56:41
Salmotrutta Thu 10-Jan-13 21:57:32
And a security light ...
WifeofPie Thu 10-Jan-13 21:58:52
SIOB! shock
Salmotrutta Thu 10-Jan-13 22:02:39
She was BU but never admitted it.
EugenesAxe Thu 10-Jan-13 22:05:24
HoneyDragon Thu 10-Jan-13 22:08:59
WifeofPie Thu 10-Jan-13 22:13:15
smile I miss all the good stuff.
JugsMcGee Thu 10-Jan-13 22:16:22
FeltOverlooked Thu 10-Jan-13 22:19:49
BuiltForComfort Thu 10-Jan-13 23:38:44
BuiltForComfort Thu 10-Jan-13 23:40:40
HappyNewHissy Thu 10-Jan-13 23:46:26
You could report it to the landlord? Get CAB advice.
TurquoiseCat Thu 10-Jan-13 23:54:50
Nothing helpful to add, but it did make methinks of this
DoodlesNoodles Fri 11-Jan-13 00:11:21
Join the discussion
Join the discussion
Register now | http://www.mumsnet.com/Talk/am_i_being_unreasonable/a1655913-to-ask-my-neighbour-to-turn-off-their-outdoor-lights | dclm-gs1-165700001 | false | false | {
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0.042628 | <urn:uuid:95b6e9bb-2859-4342-918a-8924bc939fcb> | en | 0.935913 | One Secret of Bitcoin Bulls
By David Smith
Many people think bitcoin enthusiasts are unjustifiably excited about bitcoin’s potential.
There are many reasons for this excitement; the most obvious being that bitcoin-like technologies have the potential to change every financial transaction on the planet and enable never before seen types of financial transactions. But bitcoin bulls have a secret.
The Secret: Bears Become Bulls
Bitcoin bulls are excited about bitcoin because nearly all were non-believers upon initially hearing about bitcoin. And many bulls believe any open-minded person who spends time learning about bitcoin will agree it has massive potential, even if they disagree on the likelihood of that occurring.
Why People Convert
The early bitcoin adopters were typically people in more quantitative careers like engineers, investors and programmers. Bitcoin is so different from the world as most know it that most initially rejected bitcoin as toy money, or an asset bubble destined to crash.
Related: Signs A Bitcoin Tidal Wave Is Forming To Disrupt Business
The difference for the early adopters was that, after hearing about bitcoin a few times, they learned more about it. Many early adopters had a "eureka" moment, when they understood the reasons why bitcoin had been successful -- and why it was likely to continue growing at a breakneck pace.
What The Bears Don’t Get
Most bears don’t spend time learning about bitcoin and seeking answers to their concerns. Instead, many compare a five-year-old currency to the most successful monetary units on the planet: the U.S. dollar and gold.
Tesla motors was founded in 2003, and no one is asking why Tesla doesn’t have the same market share as Ford or Toyota. Investors understand Tesla is still developing and has the potential to shake up the auto industry.
Investors and analysts should understand the bitcoin ecosystem is developing at breakneck speed. The ecosystem is vastly larger than it was a year ago, and is growing at an increasing rate. In five years, it might be fair to compare it to the U.S. dollar. Think how fast email overtook fax and traditional mail. That is the type of adoption curve bitcoin appears to be on.
Bears Focus on Volatility and Adoption
Why doesn’t bitcoin get the same understanding? The digital currency is barely five years old, is tackling a tougher problem and is growing faster than Tesla. However, bears focus on bitcoin’s price volatility and lack of adoption. And while highlighting the negative aspects of volatility, the bears do not mention bitcoin was the best investment of 2013.
2014 has brought news of a slew of companies accepting bitcoin -- including Dish Network, Overstock, the Sacramento Kings, Stripe, Square and the San Jose Earthquakes. With merchant acceptance increasing and hints of PayPal and Amazon planning to accept the currency, many are calling 2014 the year of adoption.
Related: Actions By 3 Fortune 500 Companies Signal Bitcoin's Price May Surge In 2014
What About Volatility?
As a nascent currency, bitcoin is going to have a lot of volatility for the foreseeable future. This is a good thing for many investors, because it provides opportunity for them to speculate and make a fortune if bitcoin becomes as ubiquitous as Visa.
However, for merchants and some investors, the volatility is a big turn-off. To satisfy those use cases, startup Bitreserve, which recently launched a beta program, has an offering to eliminate volatility while providing the benefits of bitcoin.
Related: Bitcoin Is Not Just A Volatile Bubble
Bitreserve promises to let bitcoiners have their cake and eat it, too, letting them choose if they want exposure to volatility or not while utilizing bitcoin’s innovative features. Bears who take the time to learn about bitcoin will realize it could be fundamentally better money than anything in existence. It just lacks maturity, and that's why bears become bulls.
Disclosure: At the time of this writing David Smith had a long bitcoin position.
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0.224948 | <urn:uuid:77d23300-fb16-46d8-bfc7-b49fc0550c12> | en | 0.982362 | Life's Common Things At Heart Of K'Jon's R&B Music
I'm Michel Martin and this is TELL ME MORE from NPR News. Coming up, I'll share some of my thoughts in my weekly Can I Just Tell You commentary.
But first, as we prepare to head to Detroit for tomorrow's program, we are gearing up by bringing you distinct voices and stories from the Motor City and so now we want to highlight one of those voices, Detroit's very own K'Jon.
K'JON: (Singing) Sometimes, it feels like everything is passing me by. Every now and then, it feels like my ship has gone and sailed away.
MARTIN: That was "On the Ocean" from his 2009 album "I Get Around." The song set a record for longest run on Billboard's hot R&B and hip-hop song chart and you can see why in these difficult times. It expresses the longing for better times, both of one man and his city.
Now, K'Jon is preparing to release a new album. It's due out later this year, titled "Moving On," and here to give us an exclusive preview is the man himself, K'Jon.
Welcome. Thank you so much for speaking with us.
K'JON: Hello, Michel. How you doing? Thanks for having me.
MARTIN: I'm great. Well, I definitely want to talk about the new stuff, but we just have to talk about "On the Ocean" for a minute. The story is that you had been trying to break through in the music industry for a while. You know, you'd had some success, like you'd been an opener for some, you know, top acts like Ludacris and so forth, but you felt you just weren't hitting it the way you wanted to hit it.
And then, you know, pick up the story from there. So you were in a hotel room. Pick up the story from there. Tell us how this song came to you.
K'JON: Yeah. Well, actually, I was around some very influential movers and shakers at the time, like Ludacris and his camp, and I was just so disappointed because, you know, holding down a nine to five, I'm used to having my own money and getting a check and all of that, so you know, I was kind of paying my dues. And I thought I was, but it wasn't just paying off.
So, as I sat in the hotel room, my instruction was to write a hit for somebody else. So that really was like the last straw for me. I was very disappointed. I was down on myself and that's when I started to write the words to "Ocean" and, you know, I can see it happening for me. Like that ship out there, I need to get on that ship, like on a stranded island, but I had to somehow signal to that ship or do something to get on that boat.
And so I kind of figured that I would have to leave that situation and do things for myself to make this career change a success.
MARTIN: What was your nine to five, if you don't mind my asking, before you got into music full time?
K'JON: I was in administration and management. I got laid off of that job, so I went to the music full time.
MARTIN: So you know what you're talking about when you write about these things. You know what that feels like.
K'JON: Exactly.
MARTIN: As that's one of the scenes in the video - is where the man gets a pink slip. You know, he walks out of work feeling good about himself. Next thing you know, there's a pink slip in his hand and he's got to figure out what to do.
K'JON: Exactly.
MARTIN: The story also is that you were supposed to be writing for somebody else, but a friend told you, if you give this song away, you'll never forgive yourself.
K'JON: Right. He was a wise man because I was trying to sell everything. You know, I wanted to be in the industry as an artist, as a writer, as a producer, so it really didn't matter to me at the time. I just wanted to be relevant and wanted to get something started.
I mean, I guess it was a great decision to keep the song for myself because I still get the credit as having written a song, performing a song and producing a song, so I guess it was great at the end of the day.
MARTIN: Well, let's talk about the new album, "Moving On." And I was listening to this album and I'm thinking, this is kind of like your blog.
K'JON: Wow, OK.
MARTIN: You know, you're putting it all out there. You know, you're not...
K'JON: Why not? Why not?
MARTIN: You're not holding anything back.
K'JON: I think people respect me for that, you know, and it's so funny that one of the businessmen I used to do business with in the record industry said people respect you more if they believe what you're going through. If you write about what you're going through, they will respect you and they will - well, you will win them over.
So I think people really respect what I sing and write about and I'm not putting the dirty laundry out there, so to speak, you know, the juicy reality gossip. I'm just talking about what's real on a day-to-day - you know, the common things that people go through. That's what makes, I guess, my music attractive to people.
MARTIN: Well, I want to ask you, though, about one of those songs that talks about things that people go through. It's called "Will You Be There?" It's a beautiful song, but it's about a tough subject. It's about people going through some serious - well, the video shows people going through some serious financial changes, which is something that obviously a lot of people are experiencing right now. Let me just play a short clip of it and then we'll talk about it.
K'JON: (Singing)Will you be there? Sometimes I can't stop from thinking. Used to think that drinking was the answer to me sinking in my sorrows, and if there's a tomorrow, will I'll be around or be consumed and swallowed. Maybe I go back to the bottle. Maybe I just spend my life in bottle, don't care about tomorrow. Maybe I'm just talking delirious. But, girl what if I'm serious? I've been going through some things, some things...
MARTIN: You know, like, obviously like most works of art it's, you bring to it whatever you bring to it. But the video for this song shows a family having financial struggles. And in it the father is contemplating suicide because he feels he's let his family down. And I just have to ask, is this based on someone you know?
K'JON: I would have to say some of it is off of reality of people that I know. Recently, there's been a few people in my life, their kids have actually felt like they wanted to take their lives. So as a writer, I kind of write about what goes on around me. And then there's too, there's people that are close to me who heard this song that actually like told me that this is my life story.
K'JON: (Singing) I used to think, you're my necessity. You're my necessity. I said I used to think I just don't know what to think. Will you be in there for me? I've been going through some things. Going through some things. Been dealing with some changes.
Again, I was just trying to get on the common ground with, you know, people struggling with the bills and with life in general. I think it needs to be addressed, because it is a problem with the, you know, suicide attempts, as well as teen suicide is up in the United States.
MARTIN: We're heading to Detroit tomorrow. This is TELL ME MORE from NPR News. I'm joined by one of Detroit's own, singer-songwriter K'Jon. We're talking about his recent success, and we're getting a preview of his new album, "Moving On," his up-and-coming album.
How important is Detroit as a source of inspiration for your work?
K'JON: It has been very important. There's a pressure to succeed because, of course, you have Motown and all the great entertainers that have come out the city. We still carry the torch. I mean, we have some of the biggest names in Detroit, like Eminem and Kid Rock and Aretha Franklin. You know, and on the R&B side you have Kemistry, and then you have someone like myself, who's trying to become a mainstay in the R&B world - entertainment world. So, but Detroit has been very inspirational to what I write about and what I sing about, and how I've developed into a man and as a businessman, so it's very important to me.
MARTIN: Let's hear another track from the album, the upcoming album, "Moving On." It's called "The Reason."
K'JON: (Singing) Once the others rule on what you should not do. What you should not do. Well, you should never ever tell a grown man what he should not do. Should not do. 'Cause he may just do what you told him not to do and he just may succeed at everything he wanted to be. Every time you say I can't, I act like I don't understand. It just does something to my blood. You're the reason why I work harder, every time you say I can't...
MARTIN: See I had trouble reading this one. Was this like the big middle finger to somebody who's been telling you know? I mean...
MARTIN: ...what's up with that?
K'JON: I mean it could be.
K'JON: You know, it could be. I mean...
MARTIN: To all those people who told you no
K'JON: It could be. It could be. You know, if you think about it on the nine-to-five - your nine-to-five job, anyone that you know - is a thorn in their side. Just like my last album there was "Fly Away." When you encounter negativity and saying you can't do it, put on your super cape, because all you have to do is put on your super cape and fly away.
K'JON: (Singing) Sometimes I feel like giving up because it's just too much. But it's something you said to me that gave me energy...
In the song I referred to their lips as being like Chinese arithmetic or that I really can't understand what they're saying. So even though they're telling you, you can't do it, I'm like, I just can't, I refuse to understand what you're saying. So the worst thing I think you can do if you really want someone to fail just don't say nothing at all, because if you tell someone who's very talented or who has a capability to succeed, if you tell them you can't do it, it's going to come back to hunt you because that man is going to succeed.
"The Reason" has a lot of things and hopefully one day someone would say, you know, that was pretty clever and inspiring at the same time.
MARTIN: Now hopefully one day you'll tell us who you're really talking about.
K'JON: No I didn't - that particular one wasn't a particular person. No.
MARTIN: Wasn't a particular person. Yeah, OK.
K'JON: I'll be honest with you, no.
MARTIN: Yeah, OK. We'll go with that story for now. So I mean...
MARTIN: ...who do you - when you're writing do you have someone in mind that you're talking to?
K'JON: It depends, because I'm just a writer, you know, I'm doing commercials for, you know, a water company, a mineral water company right now. I'm a writer so, you know, you can give me a little bit to play off of and I will come up with something catchy. So, some things are very personal. There's a song on the album that's very personal. I, you know, I just don't want to get into it, but I still want the album to be predominantly positive - although, you know, I'm creative enough to put a message in there directed at someone.
MARTIN: Well, before we let you go - and I do want to hear one more cut from the album - you've got a movie that you're working on titled "Dancing Shoes"
K'JON: Yeah. I am.
MARTIN: You want to tell us about it?
K'JON: Sure. Why not? "Dancing Shoes" is based off of 1930s setting in the Detroit and Chicago areas. You know, Detroit is known for their ballrooming style of dancing, and Chicago is known for their stepping, and so there's a friendly competition. So I said what if we turn this into the 30s have them just fight over a dancing style and territory like the clubs? And so that's what we did. We're still filming. I took a little break and we're going to get back into it. And along with that, we're doing big band music so there will be a big band soundtrack to go along with the movie.
MARTIN: It sounds like a lot of fun.
K'JON: Yeah it is.
MARTIN: And, you know, you mentioned you trying to keep it positive. As we mentioned, we are heading to Detroit and, you know, obviously the city has had its ups and downs and the people who live there having their ups and downs. And it seems like, you know, there's always another headline about unemployment and, you know, real estate going flat and so forth and so forth like that. And I just wanted to ask, you know, what's your - you still work there. Your offices are still in Detroit...
K'JON: Yeah. Yeah.
MARTIN: ...and, you know, tell me about that decision. Any...
K'JON: Well, my family's here, you know, uncles, aunties and cousins and my mother, my father, you know, my siblings - so I won't be going anywhere. You know, it's definitely difficult to make money here at this time, especially for some reason, on the entertainment level, but I'm sure on, you know, other areas as well for other people, you know? The factory had its hit and there's just a high unemployment rate, you know, right now. So, you know, I just travel a little bit more to this make opportunities. And then you got the good old' Internet, you know, to do business.
MARTIN: Well, what song would you like us to go out on?
K'JON: You know what, let's dedicate it to Detroit. I like "Superman" because "Superman" is again, "Superman" is, you know, suiting up and letting nothing stop you and if you got a united front behind you, there's nothing anyone can do to stop what you're doing.
MARTIN: K'Jon is based in Detroit. He's a singer and songwriter. His latest album is called "Moving On." It will be released this spring. And K'Jon was kind enough to join us from member station WDET in Detroit.
K'Jon, thank you so much for joining us. Congratulations on all your success to this point and more to come.
K'JON: And thank you.
K'JON: (Singing) Can't nobody do what I can. Do what I Can. Guess I'm just a Superman. Superman. Nothing can stop me. Baby when you got me, feel like I can touch the sky. Touch the sky. I'm flying. I'm flying. I'm flying. So let's fly. Let's fly. Let's fly.
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Sample Itinerary - REF MOROCCO 373
If you like the itinerary below please quote REF MOROCCO 373 when enquiring for further details.
Day 1: Marrakech
Arrival in Marrakech airport where you will be met by the On the Go guide and transferred to your centrally located hotel or Riad. You'll be given a tour briefing and then you're free to explore the vibrant Djemaa el-Fna square in the evening.
Day 2: Marrakech
This morning enjoy a guided city tour, taking in all the highlights of Marrakech including the Koutoubia mosque and the palace. Spend the afternoon at leisure, perhaps visit to the beautiful Jardins de Majorelle or wander around the souks.
Day 3: Marrakech - Ait Bougamez
An early morning departure takes you off into the High Atlas. After short drive we turn off south and arrive at the glorious waterfall of the Cascades D‘Ouzoud for lunch. After taking some time to rest and enjoy the magnificent surrounding its time to hit the twisty mountain road past Azilal and reach the heart of the High Atlas – the valley of Ait Bougamez.
Day 4: Ait Bougamez
Day 5: Ait Bougamez
If you're feeling energetic, a walk up to the pass of Tizi ait Imi is well rewarded with views of Jbel Mgoun and the southern peaks of the High Atlas, otherwise it is possible to take a walk around the village. In the afternoon take a walk up to the World heritage site of Sidi Moussa (ancient granary and fortification).
Day 6: Ait Bougamez - Marrakech
Day 7: Marrakech - Essaouira
Day 8: Essaouira
Enjoy a lazy day at leisure in Essaouira. Perhaps take a camel ride along the beach, try a bit of wind surfing or simply sunbathe! Tonight why not try one of the many tasty restaurants in the medina.
Day 9: Essaouira - Marrakech
Day 10: Marrakech
Morocco Spotlight
Morocco Currency Rates
1 GBP = 13.98 MAD
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last updated - 29 Dec 2014 3:38 AM | http://www.onthegotours.com/Morocco/holiday/Ait-Bougamez/tailor-made/10935 | dclm-gs1-165840001 | false | false | {
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0.026805 | <urn:uuid:a28e640f-213f-43f5-8825-924f85c6aa13> | en | 0.925567 | IVAN to Surf the Web
REVIEW DATE : January 16, 2001
Now you can explore the Web using your voice, with IVAN. Tell the screen character–a friendly cartoon globe–what you're looking for and he displays search results. IVAN had no problem understanding requests for specific Web addresses, but general searches often required us to repeat the question or type it in the Ask IVAN field. If you have the time, IVAN will eventually take you where you want to go.
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0.040625 | <urn:uuid:6c9ce639-da29-4bca-8a69-5b53eaa87718> | en | 0.870039 | Research Article
• Jordan D. Ward equal contributor,
equal contributor Contributed equally to this work with: Jordan D. Ward, Nagagireesh Bojanala
• Nagagireesh Bojanala equal contributor,
Affiliations: Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre ASCR, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
• Teresita Bernal,
• Kaveh Ashrafi,
Affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
• Masako Asahina mail, (MA); (KRY)
Affiliations: Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre ASCR, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
• Keith R. Yamamoto mail (MA); (KRY)
• Published: December 12, 2013
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003992
Author Summary
Tissue-specific and cell type-specific transcriptional networks underlie virtually every aspect of metazoan development and homeostasis. Single TFs, operating within gene-specific regulatory complexes, govern distinct gene regulatory networks in different cells and tissues; thus, combinatorial regulation underpins tissue- and cell type-specific transcription. Determining the precise mechanisms whereby such specificity arises and how networks nevertheless remain flexible in responding to environmental and physiological fluctuations is an interesting challenge. TFs integrate signaling information from co-factors, chromatin, post-translational modifications, and, in the case of nuclear hormone receptors, small molecule ligands, to establish transcription networks of remarkable complexity.
Here, we approach this problem by studying a covalent modification of a nuclear hormone receptor (NHR) in C. elegans, a simple metazoan with powerful genetic tools, a compact genome, and an invariant cell lineage leading to well-defined tissues. NHRs are DNA-binding TFs characterized by a zinc-finger DNA binding domain (DBD) and a structurally conserved ligand binding domain (LBD) [1]. The genome of C. elegans encodes 284 NHRs while humans only have 48 NHRs [1]. Of the 284 NHRs, 269 evolved from an HNF4α-like gene [2], and 15 have clear orthologs in other species. NHR-25 is the single C. elegans ortholog of vertebrate SF-1/NR5A1and LRH-1/NR5A2, and arthropod Ftz-F1 and fulfills many criteria for the study of tissue-specific transcriptional networks [1]. NHR-25 is broadly expressed in embryos and in epithelial cells throughout development [3], [4]. It is involved in a range of biological functions such as molting [3][5], heterochrony [6], and organogenesis [7]. Furthermore, both NHR-25 and its vertebrate orthologs regulate similar processes. SF-1 and NHR-25 promote gonadal development and fertility [8], [9], while NHR-25 and LRH-1 both play roles in embryonic development and fat metabolism [4], [10][12]. The pleiotropic phenotypes seen following RNAi or mutation of nhr-25 highlight the broad roles of the receptor, and its genetic interaction with numerous signaling pathways (β-catenin, Hox, heterochronic network) [6][8] make it an excellent model to study combinatorial gene regulation by NHRs.
SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) proteins serve as post-translational modifiers and are related to but distinct from ubiquitin [13]; we show here that NHR-25 is sumoylated. Sumoylation uses similar enzymology as ubiquitination to conjugate the SUMO protein onto substrate lysines [13]. Briefly, SUMO is produced as an inactive precursor. A SUMO protease activates SUMO by cleaving residues off the C-terminus to expose a di-glycine [13]. A heterodimeric E1 protein consisting of UBA2 and AOS1 forms a thioester bond with the exposed diglycine and then transfers SUMO to an E2 enzyme (UBC9), also through a thioester bond [14]. The E2 enzyme then either directly conjugates SUMO onto a target lysine, or an E3 ligase can enhance the rate of sumoylation; that is, unlike in ubiquitination, E3 ligases are not always required. Like many post-translational modifications, sumoylation is reversible and highly dynamic. The same SUMO protease that initially activated SUMO cleaves the isopeptide linkage that covalently attaches SUMO to the target protein [14]. Indeed, global failure to remove SUMO from substrates compromises viability in mice and S. pombe [15], [16].
The extent of sumoylation of a given target can be regulated by varying the expression, localization, stability or activity of components of the sumoylation machinery in response to external and internal cellular cues [14]. SUMO-regulated processes include nuclear-cytosolic transport, DNA repair, transcriptional regulation, chromosome segregation and many others [14]. For example, sumoylation of the glucocorticoid receptor prevents synergy between two GR dimers bound at a single response element [17]. In this sense, SUMO is analogous to the small hydrophobic hormones and metabolites that serve as noncovalent ligands for nuclear receptors, except it associates both covalently and non-covalently with its targets. Sumoylation modulates the activities of multiple classes of cellular proteins, such as transcriptional regulators, DNA replication factors and chromatin modifiers.
Elucidating how a single nematode NHR integrates cellular signals to regulate specific genes in distinct tissues will advance our understanding of metazoan transcription networks. To this end, we examined how sumoylation regulates the C. elegans nuclear hormone receptor NHR-25, and the physiological relevance of this nuclear hormone receptor-SUMO interaction. Using a combination of genetics, cell biology, and in vitro biochemistry we sought to understand how signaling through sumoylation impacts NHR-25's role in animal development, and how sumoylation affects the NHR-25 transcriptional network.
NHR-25 physically interacts with SMO-1
We identified an interaction between NHR-25 and the single C. elegans SUMO homolog (SMO-1) in a genome-wide Y2H screen using the normalized AD-Orfeome library, which contains 11,984 of the predicted 20,800 C. elegans open reading frames [18]. SMO-1 was the strongest interactor in the screen on the basis of two selection criteria, staining for β-galactosidase activity and growth on media containing 3-aminotriazole (Figure 1A). To assess the selectivity of the SMO-1–NHR-25 interaction, we tested pairwise combinations of SMO-1 with full-length NHR-25, an NHR-25 isoform β that lacks the DNA-binding domain, and each of seven additional NHRs: NHR-2, NHR-10, NHR-31, NHR-91, NHR-105, FAX-1, and ODR-1 (Figure S1A). The NHR-25-SMO-1 interaction proved to be selective, as SMO-1 failed to bind the other NHRs tested. NHR-25 also interacted with the GCNF homolog, NHR-91 (Figure S1A).
Figure 1. SMO-1 and NHR-25 physically and genetically interact.
(A) NHR-25 fused to the Gal4 DNA binding domain (DB) interacted with wild type (WT) SMO-1 fused to the Gal4 activation domain (AD). No interaction was seen with empty vector (No insert). β-galactosidase (LacZ) and HIS3 (3AT; 3-aminotriazole) reporters were assayed, and yeast viability was confirmed by growth on a plate lacking leucine and tryptophan (-Leu-Trp). (B) DIC microscopy examining vulval morphology in animals of the indicated genotype. Characteristic protruding vulvae (Pvl) seen in nhr-25(RNAi) and smo-1(ok359) animals are indicated, as is the low penetrance multivulva phenotype (Muv) of smo-1(lf) animals. RNAi inactivation of nhr-25 in a smo-1(ok359) mutant resulted in vulvaless (Vul) animals. (C) Table providing scoring of the Pvl, Vul, Muv, and sterility phenotypes of the indicated genotypes. n = number of animals scored.
nhr-25 and smo-1 genetically interact during vulval development
SMO-1 was an enticing NHR-25 interacting partner to pursue. SUMO in C. elegans and other eukaryotes regulates TFs and chromatin, thus is well positioned to impact NHR-25 gene regulatory networks. Furthermore, spatial and temporal expression patterns of smo-1 and nhr-25 during development largely overlap [3], [4], [19]. SUMO interacts with the mammalian homologs of NHR-25, suggesting that the interaction is likely evolutionarily conserved [20], [21]. Among its many phenotypes, smo-1 loss-of-function (lf) mutants display a fully penetrant protruding vulva (Pvl) phenotype, reflecting disconnection of the vulva from the uterus [19] (Figure 1B, C). smo-1 RNAi or mutation also cause low penetrance of ectopic induction of vulval cells, which can generate non-functional vulval-like structures known as multivulva (Muv) [22] (Figure 1B, C). Similar to smo-1 mutants, nhr-25 reduction-of-function leads to a Pvl phenotype, but does not cause Muv [7]. This nhr-25 Pvl phenotype results from defects in cell cycle progression, aberrant division axes of 1° and 2° cell lineages, and altered vulval cell migration (Table 1, Figure 2, Bojanala et al., manuscript in preparation). Because at an earlier stage NHR-25 is also necessary for establishing the anchor cell (AC) [8], which secretes the EGF signal that initiates vulval precursor cell (VPC) patterning, our RNAi treatments were timed to allow AC formation and examination of the effect of nhr-25 depletion on later developmental events.
Figure 2. Vulval morphogenesis.
The fully formed vulva of C. elegans is generated post-embryonically from cell divisions of three vulval precursor cells (VPCs). These three VPCs are denoted as P5.p, P6.p and P7.p and undergo a series of stereotyped divisions producing 22 cells. Cells arising from the P6.p precursor are designated as having the primary (1°) fate, while those arising from P5.p and P7.p precursors are designated as having the secondary (2°) fate. 2° cells generate vulA-D cells and 1° cells generate vulE and vulF. In early to mid L3 larvae, the proximity to a gonadal cell known as the anchor cell (AC) initiates vulval patterning by secretion of LIN-3/EGF [64]. The closest VPC to the AC (P6.p) receives the highest LIN-3/EGF dose, which activates LET-60/Ras signaling in P6.p [65][68], prompting it to adopt a 1° fate. This EGF-Ras signaling also induces P6.p to express the Notch ligand. The moderate level of LIN-3 received by neighboring P5.p and P7.p cells combined with lateral inhibition through the Notch pathway, induces P5.p and P7.p cells to adopt a 2° fate. In the L3 larval stage, the 1° and 2° cell lineages divide three times, and undergo a coordinated series of migrations and fusions during morphogenesis to complete vulval development [38]. Three VPCs (P3.p, P4.p and P8.p) normally adopt a 3° fate, which means that they divide once and fuse into an epidermal syncytial cell called hyp7, with the exception of P3.p of which about 50% of the lineage fuses without division (designated as S). Syncytial fate is designated S or SS in the figure. The pattern of cell division axes are depicted as L (longitudinal), T (transverse) and U (undivided).
Table 1. Vulva cell lineage analyses in nhr-25(RNAi) and smo-1(lf) animals.
When smo-1 and nhr-25 were simultaneously inactivated, animals exhibited a fully penetrant vulvaless (Vul) phenotype and an exacerbated Muv phenotype (Figure 1B, C). The ectopically induced vulval cells expressed an egl-17::YFP reporter, indicating that 3°-fated cells aberrantly adopted 1° and 2° fates in these animals (Figure S2B). This egl-17::YFP reporter allowed us to monitor 1°/2° fate induction despite the cell division arrest phenotypes of nhr-25(RNAi) and smo-1(lf);nhr-25(RNAi) animals. Lineage analyses showed that following simultaneous inactivation of both smo-1 and nhr-25, daughters of all VPCs normally responsible for vulva formation, (P5.p, P6.p and P7.p) failed to undergo the third round of vulval cell division (Table 1) resulting in premature cell division arrest and the Vul phenotype. Although P5.p, P6.p and P7.p VPCs were induced, the execution of 2° fate was abnormal: in both smo-1(ok359) and smo-1(ok359);nhr-25(RNAi) backgrounds, the expression of the 1° marker, egl-17::YFP exhibited ectopically high expression in P5.p and/or P7.p (Figure S2A) at the 4-cell stage. Moreover, in smo-1;nhr-25(RNAi) animals, the P(3,4,8).p cell, which normally divides only once and fuses into the hypodermal syncytium, kept dividing (Table 1). This continued division enhanced the Muv induction phenotype seen in smo-1 mutants. Thus, reduction of SMO-1 activity enhanced cell division defects in 1° and 2° nhr-25 mutant VPCs, while reduction of NHR-25 activity enhanced the smo-1 mutant Muv phenotype in 3° fated cells.
SMO-1 binds NHR-25 covalently and non-covalently
NHR-25 and SMO-1 interact physically in Y2H assays and genetically in vivo, consistent with their overlapping expression patterns [4], [19]. Furthermore, the mammalian NHR-25 homologs are sumoylated, suggesting that SMO-1-NHR-25 interactions are conserved and physiologically important. Y2H interactions with SUMO can reflect non-covalent binding, or covalent sumoylation where the SUMO protein is coupled onto the substrate through an isopeptide bond. These two possibilities can be distinguished genetically. Mutations in the β-sheet of SUMO interfere with non-covalent binding, whereas deletion of the terminal di-glycine in SUMO selectively compromises covalent sumoylation [23]. As can be seen in Figure 3A, deletion of the terminal di-glycine residues of SMO-1 (ΔGG) completely abrogated the interaction with NHR-25. The SMO-1 V31K mutation predicted to disrupt the conserved β-sheet of SMO-1 hampered the Y2H interaction between NHR-25 and SMO-1, although not as severely as the SMO-1 ΔGG mutation (Figure 3A). These findings are similar to those with DNA thymine glycosylase and the Daxx transcriptional corepressor, both of which bind SUMO non-covalently and are also sumoylated [24], [25]. The V31K β-sheet mutant was competent to bind the C. elegans SUMO E2 enzyme, UBC-9, confirming its correct folding (Figure S3A). Together, these results suggested that NHR-25 is both sumoylated and binds SMO-1 non-covalently; conceivably, the two modes of interaction confer distinct regulatory outcomes.
Figure 3. Three lysines in NHR-25 are necessary for the interaction with SMO-1.
(A) NHR-25 fused to the Gal4 DNA binding domain (DB) interacted with wild type (WT) SMO-1 fused to the Gal4 activation domain (AD). No interaction was seen with empty vector (No insert), SMO-1 with the terminal di-glycine residues deleted (ΔGG), or SMO-1 with a β-sheet mutation (V31K). (B) The NHR-25 3KR (K165R K170R K236R) allele specifically blocked interaction with SMO-1, as both NHR-25 and NHR-25 3KR interacted with NHR-91. (C) Schematic of NHR-25 domain structure illustrating the DNA binding domain (DBD), hinge region, and ligand binding domain (LBD). The candidate SUMO acceptor lysines (K165, K170, K236) are indicated. (D) Mutating the indicated SUMO acceptor lysines to arginine in NHR-25 only abolished the interaction when all three were mutated (K165R K170R K236R). We note the non-reciprocality of our Y2H interactions: DB-NHR-25 interacted with AD-SMO-1 and AD-NHR-25 interacted with DB-NHR-91. Switching the Gal4 domains did not result in an interaction, as sometimes occurs in Y2H interactions [69]. β-galactosidase (LacZ) reporters were assayed in A, B, and D.
Three lysines in the hinge region of NHR-25 are required for sumoylation
As our Y2H data suggested that NHR-25 was sumoylated, we identified candidate sumoylation sites within NHR-25 using the SUMOsp2.0 prediction program [26]. The sumoylation consensus motif is ψ-K-X-D/E, where ψ is any hydrophobic amino acid, K is the lysine conjugated to SUMO, X is any amino acid, and D or E is an acidic residue [14]. Three high scoring sites reside in the hinge region of the protein: two are proximal to the DBD (K165 and K170) and one (K236) is near the LBD (Figure 3C). We mutated these sites, conservatively converting the putative SUMO acceptor lysine residues to arginine to block sumoylation. Single mutation of any of the three candidate lysines had no apparent effect on the NHR-25 interaction with SMO-1 in Y2H assays, whereas the three double mutants had modest effects, and the NHR-25 3KR triple mutant (K165R K170R K236R) abrogated binding (Figure 3D). A fourth candidate sumoylation site (K84) located in the DBD was completely dispensable for the Y2H interaction (data not shown). To verify that the 3KR mutations blocked the interaction with SMO-1 specifically, rather than causing NHR-25 misfolding or degradation, we confirmed that NHR-25 3KR retained the capacity to bind NHR-91 (Figures S1, Figure 3B). These data suggested that either non-covalent binding is dispensable for the SMO-1-NHR-25 interaction and that this was a rare case in which the SUMO β-sheet mutation impaired sumoylation, or that the three lysines in NHR-25 were important for both the covalent and non-covalent interaction with SMO-1.
To ensure that our Y2H results indeed reflected NHR-25 sumoylation, we turned to in vitro sumoylation assays. As both human and C. elegans sumoylation enzymes were used in these experiments, we distinguish them with prefixes “h” and “Ce”. As a positive control, we expressed and purified recombinant hE1, hUBC9, hSUMO1, and hSENP1 from E. coli. We also purified a recombinant partial hinge-LBD fragment of mouse SF-1 from E. coli; this fragment contains a single sumoylation site in the hinge region. SF-1 is a vertebrate ortholog of NHR-25 and the fragment that we used is a robust sumoylation substrate (Figure S4A) [27]. We then purified an N-terminally hexahistidine-Maltose Binding Protein (6×His-MBP) tagged fragment of NHR-25 (amino acids 161–541) containing most of the hinge region and ligand-binding domain, including all three candidate SUMO acceptor lysines. Coomassie staining and immunoblotting revealed three slower-migrating species, which were collapsed by the addition of the SUMO protease, hSENP1 (Figure 4A, S5A). We detected sumoylation of the same 6×HisMBP-NHR-25 fragment when it was expressed in rabbit reticulocyte lysates, followed by incubation with hE1, hE2 and hSUMO1 (Figure 4B).
Figure 4. In vitro sumoylation of NHR-25.
In vitro sumoylation reactions were resolved by SDS-PAGE and analyzed by either Coomassie staining (A,C) or immunoblotting with anti-NHR-25 antibody (B). (A and B) used recombinant human sumoylation enzymes (hE1, hE2, hSUMO1, hSENP1 SUMO protease), (C) used recombinant C. elegans CeUBC-9 and CeSMO-1 with hE1 and hSENP1. Substrates were recombinant 6×His-MBP-NHR-25 (amino acids 161–541; A,C), and the same construct in vitro transcribed and translated (B). In (B) an MBP control was in vitro transcribed and translated, as were the NHR-25 alleles 3KR (K165 K170R K236R) and 3EA(E167A E172A E238A). The positions of NHR-25, sumoylated NHR-25 and AOS1 (part of E1 heterodimer) are indicated. Size markers in kilodaltons (kDa) are provided.
We further tested NHR-25 substrates containing two (2KR; K170R K236R) or three arginine substitutions (NHR-25 3KR). When only one predicted acceptor lysine was available (2KR), we detected a single dominant sumoylated species, whereas for NHR-25 3KR, sumoylation was abrogated (Figure S5B). We performed sumoylation reactions on in vitro transcribed and translated wild type NHR-25, NHR-25 3KR, and NHR-25 3EA. In NHR-25 3EA (E167A E172A E238A) the acidic glutamic acid residues within the three consensus sumoylation sites were mutated to alanine. NHR-25 3EA leaves the acceptor lysines available, but is predicted to inhibit sumoylation by impairing interaction with UBC9. While wild type NHR-25 was clearly sumoylated, the 3EA mutation severely impaired sumoylation (Figure 4B).
When sumoylation reaction times were extended 5–20 fold, additional species of sumoylated NHR-25 were generated (Figure S6A). These species could reflect sumoylation of NHR-25 on other sites or formation of hSUMO1 chains. To distinguish between these possibilities, we used methyl-hSUMO1, which can be conjugated onto a substrate lysine, but chain formation is blocked by methylation. Long incubations with methyl-hSUMO1 resulted in only three sumoylated NHR-25 bands, as determined by NHR-25 immunoblotting, indicating that there are indeed only the three major acceptor lysines (Figure S6A). hSUMO2, which readily forms polySUMO chains, was included as a control in this experiment. Even with extended incubation times, we observed only three dominant sumoylated forms of NHR-25, suggesting that additional bands in reactions using hSUMO1 or CeSMO-1 reflect inefficient chaining. We conclude that NHR-25 is sumoylated in vitro on three lysines and that C. elegans SMO-1 does not readily form polySUMO chains, unlike yeast SMT3 and mammalian SUMO2.
Biochemical characterization of C. elegans UBC-9 and SMO-1
All studies of C. elegans sumoylation to date have used hE1, hUBC9, and hSUMO proteins [19], [28], [29]. We purified recombinant CeE1, CeUBC-9 and CeSMO-1 from E. coli and tested their activity in in vitro sumoylation assays. Our CeE1 preparation was inactive, but was effectively substituted by hE1. Under those conditions, our CeUBC-9 and CeSMO-1 catalyzed sumoylation of the SF-1 hinge-LBD fragment (Figure S4B). Similar to hUBC9 and hSUMO1, recombinant CeUBC-9 and CeSMO-1 yielded three sumoylated species using the 6×His-MBP-NHR-25 substrate (Figure 4C, S4C).
To determine the kinetics of the three SUMO modifications of NHR-25, we performed a time course of standard sumoylation reactions with hUBC9/CeUBC-9 and hSUMO1/CeSMO-1 proteins. In both cases, we detected a single band by 15 minutes, followed by two and then three sumoylated species as the reaction progressed (Figure S6B–E). These data imply that the three sumoylation sites are modified sequentially, in a particular order.
All of our reactions were performed without addition of an E3 ligase. The high efficiency of SF-1 sumoylation in the absence of E3 ligase is in part due to a direct interaction with UBC9 [30]. Surprisingly, we failed to detect an interaction between NHR-25 and CeUBC-9 either by Y2H assays or through immunoprecipitation of purified proteins (Figure S3B; data not shown). However, when we performed a yeast three-hybrid assay, where untagged CeSMO-1 was added to the system, we observed a weak interaction between NHR-25 and CeUBC-9, suggesting either that CeSMO-1 bridges NHR-25 and CeUBC-9 or that NHR-25 recognizes a CeSMO-1-bound CeUBC-9 species (Figure S3B).
NHR-25 binds consensus sequences derived from NR5 family binding sites
To begin to investigate how sumoylation affects NHR-25-dependent transcriptional activity, we employed a HEK293T cell-based assay. We used a luciferase reporter driven by four tandem Ftz-F1 (Drosophila homolog of NHR-25) consensus sites, previously shown to be responsive to NHR-25 [8]. When Myc-tagged wild type NHR-25 was transfected, reporter expression was enhanced (Figure 5A), and the sumoylation-defective mutant NHR-25 (3KR) activated the reporter more strongly (Figure 5A). Anti-Myc immunostaining indicated no detectable increase in protein level or nuclear localization (Figure 5B).
Figure 5. NHR-25(3KR) displays elevated activity in heterologous reporter assays.
(A) A luciferase reporter vector containing four Ftz-F1/NHR-25 binding sites was transfected into HEK293T cells along with a Renilla internal control and either Myc-NHR-25 (WT) or Myc-NHR-25(3KR) expression constructs. Relative luciferase activity was normalized to the internal Renilla control and empty expression vector (EV). Eight biological replicates from three independent experiments were analyzed and error bars indicate standard deviation. (**T-test p<0.01; *** p<0.0001) (B) Transfected cells were stained with anti-Myc antibody. NHR-25(3KR) does not affect NHR-25 levels or localization. Nuclei were visualized with DAPI staining and an overlay of Myc and DAPI staining is shown.
To better characterize NHR-25-dependent transcriptional activity and generate reporters that could subsequently be used for in vivo assays, we generated a construct based on the canonical, high affinity SF-1 regulatory elements derived from the Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) and CYP11A1 (CYP) genes. We assessed NHR-25 binding to these elements using yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs). The Y1H assays indicated that NHR-25 bound the MIS and CYP11A1 elements (Figure S7A, B). Mutations in the MIS binding site that block SF-1 binding (MIS MUT) [27] prevented NHR-25 binding (Figure S7B). Moreover, the NHR-25 L32F (ku217) mutant, which has impaired DNA binding in vitro [7], displayed reduced activity in the Y1H experiment (Figure S7B). Consistent with the Y1H data, we found that a 6×His-MBP tagged fragment of NHR-25 (amino acids 1–173) purified from E. coli clearly bound MIS and CYP11A1 sites singly (Figure S7C) or in combination (2×NR5RE WT, for nuclear receptor NR5 family Response Element; Figure S7D) but only weakly to the mutant sites (Figure S7C–D, 7A).
Sumoylation of SF-1 regulates binding to specific DNA sequences [27]. Therefore, we asked whether sumoylation could similarly affect DNA binding capacity of the 6×His-MBP tagged fragment of NHR-25. We found that this fragment, which encompasses the DBD and part of the hinge region of NHR-25 (amino acids 1–173), was an even more potent sumoylation substrate than the hinge-LBD fragment, as almost all of the DBD substrate could be sumoylated (Figure 6A). Unlike SF-1 [27], NHR-25 DNA binding did not inhibit sumoylation (data not shown). Use of methyl-hSUMO1 in our in vitro sumoylation assays indicated that there were three sumoylation sites within the 6×His-MBP tagged fragment of NHR-25 DBD substrate (Figure 6B). These corresponded to the hinge region K165 and K170 acceptor lysines, which are analogous to the SF-1 fragment used by Campbell et al. (2008), and a third SUMO acceptor lysine (K84) within the DBD region between the second zinc finger and the conserved Ftz-F1 box (Figure 6C). This acceptor lysine is conserved in D. melanogaster Ftz-F1 as well as the mammalian LRH-1 (Figure 6C) [31]. EMSAs indicated that sumoylation diminished binding of the NHR-25 DBD fragment to the MIS and CYP derived binding sites (Figure S7D). Modifying the EMSAs such that the sumoylation reaction preceded incubation with the 2×NR5RE oligos severely impaired binding (Figure S7E). These in vitro findings are consistent with the notion that, as in mammals, sumoylation could diminish NHR-25 DNA binding.
Figure 6. The NHR-25 DBD is robustly sumoylated.
(A and B) In vitro sumoylation reactions were resolved by SDS-PAGE and Coomassie stained. A 6×His-MBP-NHR-25 (amino acids 1–173) substrate was used and incubated with hE1, hE2, and either CeSMO-1 (A) or methyl-hSUMO1 (B) for the indicated time in minutes. Methyl-hSUMO1 is a modified protein that blocks SUMO chain formation. Recombinant hSENP1 SUMO protease was included in (B) to demonstrate that bands reflected sumoylated species. A size standard in kilodaltons (kDa) is provided. (C) Schematic of sumoylation sites within NR5 family proteins. DNA-binding domains (DBD), hinge, and ligand-binding domains (LBD) are indicated. Sumoylation sites based on SUMOplot prediction and conservation in multi-species alignments are shaded red. SUMO acceptor lysines confirmed by in vitro biochemistry or cell-based sumoylation assays are shaded blue. The DBD-hinge fragment used in (A and B) is underlined.
Sumoylation inhibits NHR-25 dependent transcription in vivo
We next wanted to assess the effects of sumoylation on NHR-25-dependent transcription in vivo. To enhance the sensitivity of our assays, we constructed a reporter carrying four tandem repeats derived from each of MIS and CYP genes (Figure 7A, eight SF-1/NHR-25 binding sites designated as 8×NR5RE). The binding sites were spaced ten base-pairs apart to facilitate potential cooperative binding [32]. We generated transgenic C. elegans carrying the 8×NR5RE positioned upstream of a pes-10 minimal promoter and driving a 3×Venus fluorophore bearing an N-terminal nuclear localization signal. In wild type animals, reporter expression was not detected (Figure 7B), whereas after smo-1 RNAi, strong expression was detected in developing vulval cells, the hypodermis, seam cells, the anchor cell (Figure 7B) and embryos (not shown), tissues in which NHR-25 is known to be expressed (Figures 7F) and functional [4], [7], [33]. Reporter expression was especially prominent during the L3 and L4 stages. Mutation of the binding consensus, 8×NR5RE(MUT) abolished reporter expression in a smo-1 (RNAi) background (Figure 7E), as expected for NHR-25-dependent reporter expression. Moreover, genetic inactivation of nhr-25 either by RNAi (smo-1, nhr-25 double RNAi) or by use of nhr-25(ku217), a reduction-of-function allele of nhr-25, abrogated reporter expression even in smo-1 knockdown animals (Figure 7C, D). We conclude that sumoylation of NHR-25 strongly reduces its transcriptional activity in vivo.
Figure 7. Sumoylation inhibits NHR-25-dependent transcription in vivo.
(A) NHR-25 binds to canonical SF-1 target sequences. Sequence of the wild-type (WT) and mutant (MUT) MIS and CYP11A1 binding sites used are shown on top. Bases altered in the MUT sequences are underlined. The annealed 2×NR5RE oligonucleotides were incubated with combinations of the following: sumoylation enzymes (hUbc9+CeSMO-1) with or without hE1 enzyme, and NHR-25 DBD substrate. Recombinant hSENP1 SUMO protease was included to demonstrate that bands reflected sumoylated species. The corresponding proteins in the EMSA were detected by anti-MBP immunoblotting (input). The positions of unsumoylated and sumoylated NHR-25 DBD are indicated. (B) Animals carrying an 8×NR5RE (WT)::NLS::3×Venus transgene as an extrachromosomal array were generated. No Venus expression was detected in transgenic animals on vector RNAi (i and ii). The nematode body is outlined in (i), and the corresponding differential interference contrast (DIC) image of the same animal is provided (ii). Representative Venus expression in transgenic animals treated with smo-1 RNAi (iii–vii). Expression was observed in seam cells at L4 (iii), in seam cells and hyp7 at L3 (iv), in hyp7 at L4 (v), in the AC and vulF at early L4 (vi), and in developing vulval cells at L3 (vii). Fluorescent and DIC images were merged in vi and vii. (C and D) Transgenic animals expressing the Venus reporter in at least one of the following tissues: seam cells, hyp7, or vulval cells; were scored. Reduction of nhr-25 function either by RNAi (C) or by ku217 mutation (D) reduced the 8×NR5RE (WT) reporter activity following smo-1 RNAi. (n) number of animals scored. (E) Mutations (MUT) in NR5RE completely eliminated Venus expression following smo-1 RNAi. DIC (i and iii) images corresponding to Venus fluorescence images (ii and iv, respectively) are provided. Positions of hypodermal nuclei (ii) and the developing vulva (iv) are outlined. (F) NHR-25::GFP is expressed in nuclei of seam cells and hyp7 (i) and the developing vulva (ii), similar to 8×NR5RE (WT)::NLS::3×Venus reporter expression. All animals are positioned with the anterior to the left.
Sumoylation of NHR-25 prevents ectopic vulval development
To examine functionally the consequences of NHR-25 sumoylation, we returned to the roles of nhr-25 and smo-1 in vulval organogenesis. Noting that smo-1 mutants but not nhr-25 reduction-of-function mutants display a Muv phenotype, we investigated whether this might reflect enhanced NHR-25 activity due to its reduced sumoylation. We therefore generated transgenic animals expressing tissue-specific NHR-25 and/or SMO-1 driven by three different promoters; egl-17 for the VPCs, grl-21 for the hypodermal hyp7 syncytium, and wrt-2 for the seam cells. These transgenes included (i) wild type NHR-25; (ii) NHR-25 3KR; or (iii) SMO-1 alone. Although egl-17 is typically used as a 1° and 2° cell fate marker during vulva development, it is expressed in all VPCs in earlier stages [34](Figure S2C). We used the egl-17 promoter rather than commonly used VPC driver, lin-31, because the heterodimeric partner of LIN-31 is sumoylated and directly involved in vulva development [28].
Muv induction was scored by observing cell divisions of the six VPCs with the potential to respond to the LIN-3/EGF signal, which promotes differentiation. Normally, only P5.p, P6.p, and P7.p are induced while P3.p, P4.p and P8.p each produce no more than two cells as they are destined to fuse with the surrounding hyp7 syncytium (Figure 2). In wild type animals, overexpression of NHR-25 in the VPCs (egl-17 promoter) but not in hyp7 or seam cells (grl-21 and wrt-2 promoters, respectively) drove Muv induction at the P8.p position, mimicking smo-1 RNAi (Figure 8, Table S1). Thus, high level NHR-25 acted cell-autonomously to produce a Muv phenotype. Overexpression of the NHR-25 3KR mutant in the VPCs resulted in an even more penetrant Muv phenotype and greater induction of P3.p, P4.p, and P8.p (Figure 8A). In contrast, overexpression of SMO-1 alone did not produce the Muv phenotype.
Figure 8. Overexpression of unsumoylated NHR-25 causes multivulva induction.
(A) Table providing scoring of overall multivulva (Muv) induction in the indicated strains/genotypes, as well as induction in individual VPCs. Number of animals (n) scored for each strain genotype is provided. Use of brackets denotes transgenic genotypes. (B) Graphical representation of the overall percentage of animals for each strain that display Muv induction of any VPC.
These overexpression experiments implied that excess unsumoylated NHR-25 altered 3° VPC fate, permitting extra divisions that produce the Muv phenotype. If sumoylation of NHR-25 normally constrains its activity, animals with decreased sumoylation activity would be expected to enhance the Muv phenotype. To test this hypothesis, we assessed the effect of smo-1 RNAi in animals expressing a low-copy, integrated transgene expressing C-terminally GFP-tagged NHR-25 [35]. This transgene likely recapitulates the expression pattern of endogenous nhr-25, since the construct includes the complete 20 kb intergenic region upstream of nhr-25, and the entire nhr-25 gene and 3′-UTR; the animals display normal vulvas. However, exposure to smo-1 RNAi caused the Muv phenotype in about 30% of animals carrying the nhr-25::gfp transgene, which exceeded the 12% Muv frequency in smo-1 RNAi controls (Figure 8). This extra vulva induction was seen in the P4.p. lineage in addition to P8.p. Together, our findings strongly suggest that in wild type animals, NHR-25 sumoylation prevents ectopic vulva induction in 3° fated cells.
Effects of smo-1 deficiency on NHR-25 expression
One interpretation of our genetic and biochemical data is that the in vivo ratio of sumoylated to non-sumoylated NHR-25 specifies or maintains the 3° VPC fate. We were therefore interested in how NHR-25 sumoylation was regulated. SMO-1 is expressed at constant levels throughout vulval development [19], so we examined whether NHR-25 levels were regulated in VPCs during development. The low-copy, integrated NHR-25::GFP translational fusion allowed us to examine the developmental pattern of NHR-25 expression. NHR-25::GFP was evenly distributed prior to the first division in all VPCs, whereas after the first division the pattern became graded: highest in 1° P6.p daughters, lower in 2° P5.p and P7.p daughters, and lowest in 3° P(3,4,8).px (Figure 9A, B). After the third round of cell divisions NHR-25::GFP expression continued in all 22 P(5–7).pxxx cells and remained high during early vulva morphogenesis (Figure 9D) until it temporarily disappeared by the “Christmas tree stage” (data not shown).
Figure 9. NHR-25::GFP (OP33) expression during vulval development.
Expression in 1-cell stage Pn.p cells (A), in 2-cell stage Pn.px cells (B) and 4-cell stage Pn.pxx cells (C) in wild type and in smo-1(RNAi) animals (E). Higher levels and ectopic expression of NHR-25 were seen in P4.px and P8.px(x) in a smo-1(RNAi) background (E). Expression at the bell stage in wild type and smo-1(RNAi) animals (D,F). Ectopic expression in the AC observed in smo-1(RNAi) animals. Arrowheads indicate the position of the AC, red asterisk indicates the position of the invaginated vulva. Colored bars indicate 1° (red), 2° (yellow), and 3° (blue) lineages, as described in Figure 2.
smo-1 RNAi caused ectopic NHR-25::GFP expression in P(4,8).pxx cells (Figure 9E), which displayed the strongest Muv induction in NHR-25::GFP;smo-1(RNAi), and Pegl-17::NHR-25(3KR) backgrounds (Figure 8). In wild type animals, NHR-25::GFP was normally expressed in the anchor cell at the time of the first VPC divisions, and subsequently decreased (Figure 9D). Interestingly, we noted that in nine of ten smo-1(RNAi) animals NHR-25::GFP was re-expressed in the AC at the “bell stage” (Figure 9F). Subsequently, no AC invasion occurred and the AC remained unfused. Therefore, in addition to restricting NHR-25 activity in 3° cells (previous section), sumoylation also limits NHR-25 accumulation in cells that are destined to assume the 3° fate. The resultant NHR-25 gradient combined with constant levels of SMO-1 may account for the observed pattern of NHR-25 sumoylation.
The capacity of TFs to specify expression of precise networks of genes in a given context, yet remain flexible to govern dramatically different sets of genes in different cell or physiologic contexts, likely involves combinatorial regulation of transcription. In this study, we show that sumoylation represses bulk NHR-25 activity in multiple C. elegans tissues. In addition, our findings suggest that particular fractional sumoylation states of NHR-25 govern the appropriate course of cell divisions and the 3° fate decision of vulval precursor cells, thereby determining morphogenesis of the entire organ.
Balance of NHR-25 sumoylation in vulval morphogenesis
Supporting the notion that sumoylation can constrain NHR-25 activity, we found that a reporter fusion responsive to NHR-25 was strongly upregulated upon depletion of smo-1 by RNAi (Figure 7B). Our in vitro findings suggested that sumoylation of NHR-25 diminished DNA binding (Figure S7), while our in vivo studies suggested that reduction of smo-1 caused ectopic accumulation of NHR-25 (either synthesis or impaired degradation) in VPCs P4.p and P8.p (Figure 9). These data suggest two modes, not mutually exclusive, through which sumoylation can regulate NHR-25. Moreover, overexpression of either NHR-25 or its sumoylation-defective form (NHR-25 3KR) led to multivulva induction in cells that normally adopt the 3° fate (Figure 8).
Together, our data support a model in which proper differentiation of VPCs depends on the appropriate balance of sumoylated and unsumoylated NHR-25 (Figure 10). Importantly, NHR-25 affects VPC specification cell-autonomously, as overexpression of NHR-25 in other epidermal cells, such as the seam cells or hyp7, did not cause a Muv phenotype (Table S1). Furthermore, NHR-25 appears to form a gradient across the VPC array, accumulating to high levels in 1° fated cells, intermediate levels in 2° fated cells and low levels in 3° fated cells (Figure 9). Our findings indicate that sumoylation promotes a specific pattern of NHR-25 activity in differentially fated VPCs and the relative level of NHR-25 sumoylation is critical for promotion and/or maintenance of the 3° cell fate (Figure 10).
Figure 10. Ratio of sumoylated to unsumoylated NHR-25 and 3° cell fate.
After the first round of cell division, VPCs adopt 1°, 2°, and 3° fates and NHR-25 accumulates in a gradient. The highest NHR-25 levels are in 1° fated cells, lower NHR-25 levels are in 2° fated cells, and the lowest levels are in 3° fated cells. Sumoylation output is a reflection of the combined activities of the sumoylation machinery and the SUMO proteases. In this model, sumoylation output is limiting, and the NHR-25 gradient results in a gradient of unsumoylated NHR-25. 1° cells have the highest ratio of unsumoylated to sumoylated NHR-25, and the ratio decreases as NHR-25 levels drop in 2° and 3° VPCs. The dashed line indicates the constant amount of sumoylated NHR-25 produced by limiting, steady-state sumoylation. At a particular threshold, enough sumoylated NHR-25 relative to unsumoylated NHR-25 allows 3° cells to either adopt and/or maintain the correct fate.
The role(s) of NHR-25 and SMO-1 in vulval induction are likely pleiotropic. Multiple vulval development factors are sumoylated [22], [28], [29], [36], including LIN-11, which is responsible in part for promoting vulval-uterine fusion [19]. Based on expression pattern and phenotypes, NHR-25 likely acts in other cell-types (hyp7, 1°/2° VPCs, or AC) and at different developmental time points to regulate vulval induction. The Muv phenotype of smo-1-deficient animals was enhanced by nhr-25 RNAi (Figure 1). Synthetic multivulva (synMuv) genes inhibit lin-3 activity in the syncytial hyp7 cell to prevent aberrant vulva induction in the neighboring 3° cells [37]. Yet, overexpression of NHR-25 in the hyp7 syncytium did not cause Muv induction (Table S1), thus it is unlikely that NHR-25 acts through this pathway. Our overexpression data indicates that NHR-25 acts cell-autonomously in the VPCs (Figure 8), and likely interacts with canonical signaling pathways that promote VPC fate. The NHR-25 expression gradient is reminiscent of the LIN-3/EGF gradient which promotes vulval induction through Ras activation and subsequent Notch signaling [38]. nhr-25 appears to act downstream of LET-60/Ras signaling, as gain-of-function LET-60/Ras causes elevated NHR-25 expression (data not shown). However, regulation of lin-3 by NHR-25 in the anchor cell has also been suggested [39]. Ectopic expression of NHR-25 in the AC following smo-1 RNAi is unlikely to cause Muv induction since, developmentally, this expression occurs much later than VPC fate determination. In wild type animals, NHR-25 levels are therefore downregulated in the AC, which may be required for proper completion of AC invasion and/or fusion. Additionally, the cell division arrest seen in nhr-25 RNAi leading to the Pvl phenotype was enhanced by inactivation of smo-1 (Figure 1). For instance, the Pvl phenotype can arise from nhr-25 reduction of function, which causes defective 1° and 2° cell divisions (Figure 1, Table 1), or from smo-1(lf), which impairs uterine-vulval connections [19]. Thus, an exquisite interplay between various sumoylated targets as well as the balance between sumoylated and unsumoylated NHR-25 collaborate to ensure proper vulval formation.
How could unsumo:sumo NHR-25 balance regulate 3° cell fate? Sumoylation might alter NHR-25 levels or activity in a manner that shifts the unsumo:sumo NHR-25 ratio, which in turn acts as a switch to determine NHR-25 output. The activities of a mammalian nuclear hormone receptor have been shown to shift dramatically with signal-driven changes in levels of receptor activity [40]. Another possibility is that the sumoylated and unsumoylated versions of NHR-25 regulate distinct targets, and the unsumo:sumo ratio in different cells thereby determines the network of NHR-25-regulated genes. Indeed, sumoylation appears to affect the genomic occupancy of the NHR-25 ortholog SF-1 [27]. We note that NHR-25 sumoylation could be context-dependent. Sumoylation could increase NHR-25 activity at particular response elements. Accordingly, sumoylation positive regulates the activity of the nuclear hormone receptors RORα and ER [41], [42].
The finding that overexpression of NHR-25 strongly provoked a Muv phenotype suggests that sumoylation state of NHR-25 in VPCs is exquisitely regulated. Such regulation might be accomplished by subtle changes in availability of SUMO in different VPCs, not detected by our assays, or by the relative activities of the sumoylation machinery and the SUMO proteases. A similar competition for constant levels of SUMO regulates Epstein-Barr virus infections, where the viral BZLF protein competes with the host PML protein for limiting amounts of SUMO1 [43].
Sumoylation as a nuclear hormone receptor signal
It is intriguing to consider SMO-1 as an NHR-25 ligand parallel to hormones or metabolites bound noncovalently nuclear hormone receptors in other metazoans, and by the C. elegans DAF-12 receptor. Indeed, such expansion of the concept of signaling ligands could “de-orphan” many or all of the 283 C. elegans nuclear hormone receptors for which no traditional ligands have been identified. Detection of noncovalent ligands is very challenging; numerous mammalian NHRs remain “orphans” despite intensive efforts to find candidate ligands and evidence that the ancestral NHR was liganded [44]. In principle, SUMO can be conjugated to its target sequence motif anywhere on the surface of any protein, whereas classic NHR ligands bind only stereotyped pockets within cognate NHR LBDs. Viewed in this way, SUMO may directly regulate many NHRs (and other factors as well), whereas classical NHR ligands act more selectively on only one or a few NHRs. The multifactorial regulation of NHRs would provide ample opportunity for gene-, cell- or temporal-specificity to be established in cooperation with the SUMO ligand.
Modes of SUMO regulation in C. elegans
There are three ways in which SUMO can potentially interact with target proteins: i) non-covalent binding, where a protein binds either free SUMO or SUMO conjugated onto another protein; ii) sumoylation, where SUMO associates covalently with a target protein through an isopeptide linkage; and iii) poly-sumoylation, where chains of SUMO are built up from an initially monosumoylated substrate. In C. elegans, SMO-1 can bind proteins non-covalently [45] or can be covalently linked to substrates (Figure 4). Polysumoylation occurs through SUMO modification of acceptor lysines within SUMO proteins [46]. In our assays, we saw no robust polyCeSMO-1 chains compared to the hSUMO2 control, even after prolonged reaction times (Figure S6). Consistent with this result, sumoylation motifs were predicted within hSUMO1, 2 and 3, and yeast SMT3 but not in CeSMO-1. PolySUMO chains in yeast and vertebrates can be recognized by SUMO targeted ubiquitin ligases (STUbLs) that polyubquitinate the polySUMO chain and direct it for degradation by the 26S proteasome [46]. Judging from BLAST analysis, there are no evident homologs of the known STUbLs hsRNF4 or yeast SLX5–8 in C. elegans. As both S. cerevisiae SUMO (SMT3) and vertebrate SUMO2 and SUMO3 form polySUMO chains, it appears that C. elegans has lost the ability to form polySUMO chains.
Functional homology with SF-1/LRH-1
The mammalian homologs of NHR-25 (SF-1 and LRH-1) are sumoylated on two sites within the hinge region of the protein, between the DBD and LBD [21], [27], [47]. These SUMO acceptor sites occur at corresponding positions in NHR-25, with the site near the DBD being duplicated (Figure 6C). Additionally, our DBD sumoylation experiments suggest the presence of a fourth sumoylation site in NHR-25, conserved with D. melanogaster Ftz-F1 and mammalian LRH-1 (Figure 6C) [7], [31]. Thus, NHR-25 appears to have sumoylation sites that are conserved in both SF-1 and LRH-1 as well as at least one site that is only conserved in LRH-1. Similarly, NHR-25 seems to combine regulation of processes that in mammals are either regulated by SF-1 only or LRH-1 only. Additionally, human SUMO1 can be conjugated onto NHR-25 and C. elegans SMO-1 can be conjugated onto SF-1 (Figure 4, S4). Therefore, despite the 600–1200 million years of divergence since the common ancestor of humans and nematodes, regulation of NR5A family by sumoylation appears to be incredibly ancient. There are also, however, notable differences. For instance, while LRH-1 and SF-1 strongly interact with UBC9, providing a mechanism for robust, E3 ligase-independent sumoylation [20], this did not appear to be the case for NHR-25. As indicated above, we also did not find evidence for polysumoylation of NHR-25.
Having established SUMO as an NHR-25 signal that regulates cell fate, it will be exciting to further explore how sumoylation affects the NHR-25 gene regulatory network. It will be essential in future work to identify direct NHR-25 target genes by ChIP-seq, to determine how sumoylation impacts NHR-25 response element occupancy, and to mutate sumoylation sites and response elements with genome editing technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9 [48]. The compact C. elegans genome facilitates unambiguous assignment of putative response elements to regulated genes, a daunting challenge in vertebrate systems. Further, the extensive gene expression and phenotypic data accessible to the C. elegans community will allow identification of candidate NHR-25 target genes directly responsible for regulating animal development and physiology. Understanding how NHR-25 sumoylation regulates specific genes, and how this information is integrated into developmental circuits will advance our understanding of combinatorial regulation in metazoan gene regulatory networks.
Materials and Methods
Molecular biology
cDNAs and promoters/binding sites were Gateway cloned (Invitrogen) into pDONR221 and pDONR-P4P1r, respectively. Mutations were introduced into the nhr-25 cDNA using site-directed mutagenesis with oligonucleotides carrying the mutation of interest and Phusion polymerase (NEB). cDNAs and promoters were then moved by Gateway cloning into destination vectors. NHR-25 (amino acids 161–541) and NHR-25 (amino acids 1–173) were moved into the bacterial expression vector pETG-41A, which contains an N-terminal 6×His-MBP tag. CeUBC-9 and CeSMO-1 cDNAs were moved into the bacterial expression vector pETG-10A, which contains an N-terminal 6×His tag. The CeUBC-9 construct also carried an N-terminal tobacco etch virus (TEV) cleavage site for removal of the 6×His tag, similar to the hUBC9 bacterial expression construct. For Y1H experiments, 2×SF-1 binding sites were Gateway cloned into pMW2 and pMW3 [49]. For Y2H experiments, cDNAs were moved into pAD-dest and pDB-dest [18], which contain the Gal4 activation domain and DNA binding domain, respectively. For Y3H, smo-1 was moved into pAG416-GPD-ccdB-HA [50], which results in constitutive expression. For luciferase experiments, cDNAs were moved into pDEST-CMV-Myc. For our C. elegans expression experiments, cDNA constructs were Gateway cloned into pKA921 along with either the egl-17, wrt-2, or grl-21 promoter. The egl-17 promoter was PCR cloned from N2 genomic DNA. The wrt-2 and grl-21 promoters (pKA279 and pKA416, respectively) were previously cloned [12]. pKA921 contains a polycistronic mCherry cassette to allow monitoring of construct expression. For our 3×Venus reporters, three-fragment Gateway cloning into pCFJ150 [51] was performed. The 8×NR5RE-pes-10Δ promoter fragments were cloned into pDONR-P4P1r. C. elegans codon optimized 3×Venus was cloned from Prnr::CYB-1DesBox::3×Venus [52] and an NLS was added on the 5′ end of the gene and NLS-3×Venus was Gateway cloned into pDONR221. The unc-54 3′-UTR in pDONR-P2rP3 was a gift from the Lehner lab. Primer sequences are provided in Table S2. Plasmids generated for this study are listed in Table S3.
Y2H screening and matrix assays and Y1H analyses
Yeast transformations and Y2H assays were carried out as described by Deplancke et al. [53]. For the Y2H screen, S. cerevisiae strain MaV103 carrying a pDB-nhr-25 construct was transformed with 100 ng of the AD-Orfeome cDNA library, in which 58% of the known C. elegans open reading frames are fused to the Gal4 activation domain [18]. Six transformations were performed per screen and 149,800 interactions were screened, representing 12.5-fold coverage of the library. Positive interactions were selected for by growth on SC dropout plates lacking leucine, tryptophan, and histidine; these plates were supplemented with 20 mM of the histidine analog 3-aminotriazole. Interactions were confirmed by β-galactosidase staining. We identified 42 candidate interactors, but only smo-1 was recovered multiple times (seven independent isolations). Moreover, upon cloning and retesting the candidate interactor cDNAs, only smo-1 was confirmed as an interactor. The screen identified no other components of the SUMO machinery or known SUMO binding proteins. Generation of Y1H bait strains and Y1H analyses were performed as described [53]. pDB constructs carrying NHR-2, NHR-10, NHR-31, NHR-91, NHR-105, FAX-1, and ODR-1 cDNAs were a gift from Marian Walhout.
Protein purification
Recombinant hE1, hUBC9, hSUMO1, hSUMO2, hSENP1, and murine SF-1 LBD were purified as described [27], [54][56]. 6×His-CeSMO-1 and 6×His-TEV-CeUBC-9 were expressed in BL21(λDE3) E. coli and purified using a similar scheme as used to purify their human counterparts [55], [56]. 6×His-MBP-NHR-25 (amino acids 161–541) was freshly transformed into BL21(λDE3) E. coli. A 1 L culture was grown to an OD600 of ~0.8, induced with 0.2 mM isopropylthio-β-galactoside (IPTG), and shaken at 16°C for four hours. Bacteria were lysed using a microfluidizer in 20 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0, 350 mM NaCl, 20 mM imidazole containing EDTA-free Protease Inhibitor Cocktail III (EMD Millipore). 6×His-MBP-NHR-25 was then purified using nickel affinity chromatography (5 ml His Trap FF column, GE Healthcare). Peak fractions were pooled, dialyzed into 20 mM HEPES (pH 7.5), 1 mM EDTA, and 2 mM CHAPS {3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate},and purified by anion-exchange chromatography using a MonoQ column (GE Healthcare) and eluted with a 1 M ammonium acetate gradient. Peak fractions were pooled, concentrated and 6×His-MBP-NHR-25 was purified by size-exclusion chromatography using an S200 column (GE Healthcare). Peak fractions containing 6×His-MBP-NHR-25 were pooled, concentrated, dialyzed into 20 mM Tris pH 7.5, 50 mM NaCl, 10% glycerol, flash frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at −80°C. Later purifications used only nickel affinity chromatography. Using this preparation in sumoylation assays produced results similar to those obtained using the preparations purified over the three aforementioned columns. 6×His-MBP-NHR-25 (amino acids 1–173) was expressed and purified using a single nickel affinity chromatography step, as described above for the 6×His-MBP-NHR-25 (amino acids 161–541) fragment.
In vitro sumoylation assays
Reactions were performed as described by Campbell et al. [27]. Briefly, 50 µl sumoylation reactions were set up with 0.1 µM E1, 10 µM UBC9, and 30 µM SUMO in a buffer containing 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 100 mM NaCl, 10 mM MgCl2, 10 mM ATP, and 2 mM DTT. Substrates were added at 1 µM and when required, 2.5 µg of hSENP1 SUMO protease was added. When in vitro transcribed proteins were used as substrates, 50 µl reactions were generated using a TnT T7 Quick Coupled Transcription/Translation System (Promega). 16 µl of this reaction was then used as a substrate in a 25 µl sumoylation reaction using the same molarities as described above. When SUMO protease was required, 1.25 µg of hSENP1 was added. Reactions were incubated at 37°C for the desired time, and stopped by boiling in protein sample buffer (10% Glycerol, 60 mM Tris/HCl pH 6.8, 2% SDS, 0.01% bromophenol blue, 1.25% beta-mercaptoethanol). Proteins were resolved by SDS-PAGE on either 4–12% Bis-Tris gradient gels (Invitrogen) or 3–8% Tris acetate gels (Invitrogen) followed by either Coomassie staining or immunoblotting. For immunoblotting, anti-NHR-25, anti-guinea pig-HRP (Santa Cruz), and anti-guinea pig-IR800 (Li-Cor) antibodies were used. Blots were developed using a LAS500 imager (GE Healthcare) or an Odyssey laser scanner (Li-Cor).
Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSAs)
Reactions were performed as described by Campbell et al. [27] with the following alterations. We added 400 µg/ml of bovine serum albumin to the EMSA buffer (50 mM Tris (pH 8.0), 150 mM NaCl, 10 mM MgCl2, 10 mM DTT, 10 mM ATP, and a 1 µM concentration of double-stranded oligonucleotide). Sequences of oligonucleotides are provided in Table S2. Oligonucleotides were annealed and then centrifuged in an Amicon Ultra 0.5 ml centrifugal filter (MWCO 50). Sumoylation reactions were set up on ice and added directly to the annealed oligonucleotides (20 µl final volume). Standard reactions used 500 nM of unmodified NHR-25 substrate, titration experiments added NHR-25 in 100 nM increments from 200–700 nM. At this point SENP1 (0.5 µl) was added when appropriate. We incubated these reactions at room temperature for 30 minutes to allow both sumoylation and DNA binding to occur. Half of the EMSA reaction (10 µl) was removed and added to 2 µl of 4× protein sample buffer and denatured by boiling for five minutes. Sumoylation products in the input were analyzed by immunoblotting using anti-MBP (NEB) and anti-mouse-IR800 (LiCor) antibodies. Blots were imaged using an Odyssey laser scanner. The remaining EMSA reaction was resolved on a 4–20% TBE polyacrylamide gel (Invitrogen) at 200 volts and stained with 1× SYBR Gold (Molecular Probes) in 0.5× TBE. Gels were then imaged using a Typhoon laser scanner (GE Healthcare).
C. elegans culture and strains
C. elegans was cultured at 20°C according to standard protocols and the wild type strain is the N2 Bristol strain [57]. The following mutant and transgenic strains were used in this study: PS3972 unc-119(ed4) syIs90 [egl-17::YFP+unc-119(+)], OP33 unc119 (ed3); wgIs33 [nhr-25::TY1::EGFP::3×FLAG(92C12)+unc-119(+)], VC186 smo-1(ok359)/szT1[lon-2(e678)]; +/szT1, MH1955 nhr-25(ku217). The following transgenic strains were generated for this study: HL102 jmEx102[Pegl-17::Myc::NHR-25_mCherry+rol-6(su1006)], HL107, HL108, HL110 are independent lines carrying jmEx107[Pegl-17::Myc::NHR-25(3KR)_mCherry+rol-6(su1006)], HL117 jmEx118 [Pegl-17::Myc::SMO-1_mCherry+rol-6(su1006)], HL111 and HL112 are independent lines carrying jmEx111[Pgrl-21::Myc::NHR-25_mCherry+rol-6(su1006)], HL121 jmEx121[Pgrl-21::Myc::SMO-1_mCherry+rol-6(su1006)], HL113 and HL114 are independent lines carrying jmEx113[Pwrt-2::Myc::NHR-25_mCherry+rol-6(su1006)], HL115 and HL116 are independent lines carrying jmEx115[Pwrt-2::Myc::SMO-1_mCherry+rol-6(su1006)], HL153 jmEx153[8×NR5RE (WT):pes-10Δ:NLS-3×Venus:unc-54 3′-UTR+Pmyo-2::tdTomato], HL155 jmEx155[8×NR5RE (MUT):pes-10Δ:NLS-3×Venus::unc-54 3′-UTR+Pmyo-2::tdTomato], HL170 nhr-25(ku217); jmEx153.
Constructs and microinjection
The following Gateway-based constructs were generated in pKA921: pJW522[Pegl-17(1914 bp)::Myc::NHR-25_polycistronic_mCherry], pJW774 [Pegl-17(1914 bp)::Myc:: NHR-25(3KR)_polycistronic_mCherry], pJW773 [Pegl-17(1914 bp)::Myc::SMO-1_polycistronic_mCherry], pJW526 [Pgrl-21(746 bp)::Myc::NHR-25_polycistronic_mCherry], pJW775 [Pgrl-21(746 bp)::Myc::SMO-1_polycistronic_mCherry], pJW524[Pwrt-2(1380 bp)::Myc::NHR-25_polycistronic_mCherry], pJW776[Pwrt-2(1380 bp)::Myc::SMO-1_polycistronic_mCherry]. The following Gateway-based constructs were generated in pCFJ150 [51]: pJW1109 [8×NR5RE(WT):pes-10Δ:NLS-3×Venus:unc-54 3′-UTR] and pJW1110 [8×NR5RE(MUT):pes-10Δ:NLS-3×Venus::unc-543′-UTR]. Plasmids were prepared using a PureYield Plasmid Midiprep System (Promega) followed by ethanol precipitation, or a Qiagen Plasmid Midi kit (Qiagen). Transgenic strains were generated by injecting 50 ng/µl of each plasmid into the C. elegans gonad [58] with the co-injection marker pRF4 [59]. For 8×NR5RE reporter strain generation, N2 animals were injected with 30 ng/µl of the reporter plasmid and 5 ng/µl of co-injection marker Pmyo-2::tdTomato [60].
RNA interference
Feeding RNAi was performed as described, with the indicated alterations to the protocol [61]. dsRNA was initially induced for four hours in liquid culture using 0.4 mM IPTG, before bacteria were concentrated and seeded on plates also containing 0.4 mM IPTG. Bacteria carrying pPD129.36 without an insert were used for control RNAi. For nhr-25 RNAi, synchronized L2 larvae (19–20 hours after hatching) were fed on bacteria expressing nhr-25 dsRNA to bypass the anchor cell (AC) defect. smo-1 RNAi was performed on late L4 or young adults. For in vivo reporter assays, sodium hypochlorite-treated eggs were placed on RNAi plates seeded with dsRNA induced bacteria.
Scoring VPC induction, lineaging and microscopy
To score vulva induction, nematodes were anesthetized in 10 mM levamisole, mounted onto 5% agar pads (Noble agar, Difco) and the number of daughter cells for each VPC were counted under differential interference contrast (DIC) optics. For lineaging analyses, the division pattern was followed under DIC from the two to eight cell stages [62]. Animals were mounted onto 5% agar pad with bacteria in S-basal medium without anesthesia. Olympus Fluoview FV1000 and Zeiss Axioplan microscopes were used for observation and imaging.
NHR-25 antibody
A peptide-based anti-NHR-25 antibody was raised in guinea pig (Peptide Specialty Laboratories, GmbH, Germany). Animals were immunized against four short peptides in the hinge and LBD regions: PEHQVSSSTTDQNNQINYFDQTKC (24 a.a. 141–163); SLHDYPTYTSNTTNC (15 a.a. 250–263); TSSTTTGRMTEASSC (15 a.a. 283–296) RYLWNLHSNXPTNWEC (16 a.a. 507–521).
Cell culture and luciferase assay
Human embryonic kidney (HEK) cell line 293T was maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM, Gibco), supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. Transfections were performed with polyethyleneimine (25 kDa, Sigma). The transcriptional activity of NHR-25 was tested with a luciferase vector carrying a CMV basic promoter driven by two copies of the Ftz-F1 binding consensus sequences TGAAGGTCA and TCAAGGTCA (total of four binding sites, 2×TGA-TCA::Luc) [8], [63]. Cells were seeded onto 24-well plates and the next day were transfected for three hours with a polyethylenimine mixture containing 50 ng of pTK-Renilla plasmid (Promega) as an internal control, 300 ng of the luciferase reporter plasmid, and 150 ng of the appropriate expression vector. The total amount of DNA was kept constant (1 µg) by adding empty expression vector where necessary. Forty hours post-transfection, the cells were harvested and processed using the Dual Luciferase Reporter Assay System (Promega). Eight independent biological replicates from three independent experiments were assayed, and data were presented as average values with standard deviations after normalization against the Renilla luciferase activities. For immunocytochemistry, transfected cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde (Sigma) for 10 min. After washing with PBS, cells were permeabilized with PBS containing 0.2% TritonX-100 in (PBST), washed with TBST buffer (25 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 136 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl and 0.1% TritonX-100), incubated in blocking solution (2.5% skim milk and 2.5% BSA in TBST). Anti-Myc 9E10 antibody (Sigma; 1:2000 dilution) was added and incubated for overnight at 4°C. Following washing, goat-anti-mouse-TRITC conjugated 2° antibody (Jackson ImmunoResearch; 1:2000 dilution) was added and incubated at room temperature for two hours. Cells were counterstained with DAPI (1 µg/ml) to visualize the nucleus.
Supporting Information
Figure S1.
SMO-1 interaction is specific to NHR-25. (A) Yeast two-hybrid analysis of the indicated proteins fused to the Gal4 activation domain (AD) or DNA binding domain (DB). Empty vector (No insert) controls are shown. β-galactosidase (LacZ) and HIS3 (3AT; 3-aminotriazole) reporters were assayed, and yeast viability was confirmed by growth on a plate lacking leucine and tryptophan (-Leu-Trp). Both NHR-25β and NHR-31 displayed self-activation activity, precluding analysis of their interactions with any of the AD fusions. (B) Due to the size of the matrix, the strains were plated on two plates. To rule out variation between plates, a negative control (i; AD and DB empty vectors) and two positive controls (RFS-1 interaction with RAD-51 (ii) and R01H10.5 (iii), respectively) are provided for each plate.
Figure S2.
smo-1(lf) and smo-1(lf); nhr-25(RNAi) cause defects in 2° cell fate. (A) Pegl-17::YFP expression in vulval cells at the 4-cell stage (1° cell fate marker) in the animals of the indicated genotypes. Ectopically high expression of Pegl-17::YFP was observed in 2° fated cells in smo-1(ok359) and smo-1(ok359); nhr-25(RNAi) animals. (B) The egl-17::YFP vulva marker is expressed in smo-1 (lf)-induced multivulva. Wild type expression of egl-17::YFP seen in vulD (a) and vulC (b) in late vulva morphogenesis. In smo-1 (ok359) and smo-1 (ok359); nhr-25 (RNAi) backgrounds (c and d), Muv is induced and the 1°/2° vulva marker egl-17::GFP is ectopically expressed. * indicates ectopic vulvae. (C) egl-17 has been reported to be expressed in all Pn.p cells [34]. NHR-25, NHR-25(3KR) and SMO-1 were driven by an egl-17 promoter for in vivo overexpression (Figure 8) from a vector carrying a polycistronic mCherry marker. We observed mCherry expression in Pn.p cells, indicating that this promoter is active in these cells. A representative image of mCherry expression in P3.p and P6.p cells from an [egl-17::NHR-25(3KR)_polycistronic_mCherry] transgenic animal is provided.
Figure S3.
SMO-1 expression is required for NHR-25 to interact with UBC-9. (A) Indicated proteins were fused to the Gal4 activation domain (AD) or DNA binding domain (DB). Empty vector (No insert) controls are shown. (A) Yeast two-hybrid data confirmed that the SMO-1 V31K β-sheet mutation still binds to UBC-9, which indicated that the mutation did not disrupt the protein. The SMO-1 di-glycine deletion (ΔGG) prevented the interaction with UBC-9. (B) Yeast three-hybrid analysis. The indicated AD and DB fusions were expressed along with the pAG416 low copy yeast expression vector carrying either no insert or SMO-1. β-galactosidase staining is provided in A and B.
Figure S4.
Confirmation of activity of sumoylation enzymes. In vitro sumoylation reactions were resolved by SDS-PAGE and visualized by Coomassie staining (A,B) or anti-NHR-25 immunoblotting (C). (A and B) used a recombinant SF-1 partial hinge-LBD fragment as a substrate and (C) used a recombinant 6×His-MBP-NHR-25 (amino acids 161–541) fragment. All reactions used recombinant hE1. In (A), hE2 (UBC9) and hSUMO1 were used. (B and C) used CeUBC-9 and CeSMO-1. Recombinant hSENP1 SUMO protease was included in each experiment to demonstrate that bands reflected sumoylated species. A size standard in kilodaltons (kDa) is provided.
Figure S5.
The NHR-25 hinge domain is sumoylated in vitro on three lysines. In vitro sumoylation reactions were resolved by SDS-PAGE and visualized by anti-NHR-25 immunoblotting (A) or Coomassie staining (B). Both reactions used hE1, hE2, hSUMO1, and a recombinant NHR-25 substrate (6×His-MBP-NHR-25 (amino acids 161–541)). In (A) recombinant hSENP1 SUMO protease was included. In (B), the substrates were wild type NHR-25 (WT) and NHR-25 2KR (K170R K236R) and NHR-25 3KR (K165 K170R K236R) mutants where SUMO acceptor lysines were mutated to arginine. A size standard in kilodaltons (kDa) is provided.
Figure S6.
Sumo1 and SMO-1 do not readily form poly-SUMO chains. (A) Anti-NHR-25 immunoblots on sumoylation reactions incubated for the indicated number of hours. E1 enzyme was incubated with the indicated E2 and SUMO combinations. Methyl-hSUMO1 is a modified protein that blocks SUMO chain formation. The asterisk (*) indicates a non-specific band in the NHR-25 substrate control lane (no sumoylation enzymes added). NHR-25 isoforms predicted to contain one, two, and three SUMO proteins covalently attached are indicated (1-Su, 2-Su, 3-Su, respectively). (B–E) Short course sumoylation time courses using hE1, hE2, and hSUMO1 (B,D) or hE1, CeUBC-9, and CeSMO-1 (C,E). The substrate was recombinant 6×His-MBP-NHR-25 (amino acids 161–541). Reaction time in minutes, and a size standard in kilodaltons (kDa) are provided. The final lane is a substrate only control. Coomassie stained polyacrylamide gels (B, C) and anti-NHR-25 immunoblots (D,E) are shown.
Figure S7.
Sumoylation affects NHR-25 binding to canonical SF-1 sites. (A) Sequence of binding sites used in the Y1H and EMSA experiments. The mutation in the MIS binding site (MIS MUT) is underlined. The canonical binding site of the NHR-25 ortholog, SF-1, is 5′-YCAAGGYCR-3′ (Y = T/C, R = G/A) [63]. (B) Y1H analysis. Two tandem copies of the indicated binding sites upstream of a LacZ reporter were integrated into the YM4271 yeast strain. Indicated proteins were fused to the Gal4 activation domain (AD). (C) EMSA data. Annealed oligonucleotides carrying the MIS WT, MIS MUT, and CYP11A1 binding sites were incubated with: sumoylation enzymes (hUbc9+CeSMO-1) with or without hE1 enzyme, and NHR-25 DBD substrate. Recombinant hSENP1 SUMO protease was included to demonstrate that bands reflected sumoylated species. (D) EMSA analysis of NHR-25 binding to annealed oligonucleotides carrying both MIS and CYP11A1 binding sites (2×NR5RE). Increasing amounts of sumoylated NHR-25 DBD were added to 1 µM of annealed oligos (200–700 nM NHR-25 in 100 nM increments). Both wild-type (WT) and mutated (MUT) binding sites were analyzed. (E) EMSAs were performed on the 2×NR5RE in which the NHR-25 DBD was sumoylated at 37°C for the indicated time. (C–E) The corresponding proteins in the EMSA were detected by anti-MBP immunoblotting (input). The positions of unsumoylated and sumoylated NHR-25 DBD are indicated.
Table S1.
Overexpression of NHR-25 in hyp7 or seam cells does not cause Muv induction. Table providing scoring of overall multivulva (Muv) induction in the indicated strains/genotypes, as well as induction in individual VPCs. Number of animals (n) scored for each strain genotype is provided. Use of brackets denotes transgenic genotypes.
Table S2.
Sequences of oligonucleotides and gBlocks used in this study. All sequences are displayed in a 5′ to 3′ orientation. (A) Primers used to clone the indicated cDNAs and promoters. Sequences of the attB recombination sites and Myc and FLAG epitopes are indicated as described in the table. (B) Sequences of the primers used to generate the indicated mutations by site-directed mutagenesis. (C) gBlocks used in this study. NR5 binding sites and minimal promoters are indicated as described in the table. (D) Sequences of oligonucleotides from SF-1 target gene promoters used in EMSA assays are shown. m, mouse; h, human; MIS, Mullerian Inhibiting Substance; ; CYP11A1, Cytochrome P450, Family 11, Subfamily A, Polypeptide 1; 2×NR5RE, nuclear receptor NR5 family Response Element. The NR5RE oligos carry an mMIS and hCYP11A1 binding site. SF-1 binding site is highlighted in bold.
Table S3.
Plasmids generated for this study. The vector backbones used for Gateway cloning are provided, as is a description of each vector. pDONR221 (Invitrogen) and pDONR-P4P1r (Invitrogen) are entry vectors for cDNA and promoter cloning, respectively. pAD and pDB are Y2H vectors for generating N-terminal fusions of the Gal4 activation domain (AD) and DNA binding domain (DB), respectively, to proteins of interest [18]. pMW2 and pMW3 are reporter vectors for Y1H assays [49]. pMW2 is used to clone DNA fragments upstream of a HIS3 reporter gene, pMW3 is used to clone DNA fragments upstream of a LacZ reporter. pETG10A is used to generate N-terminal 6×His fusions for bacterial expression. pETG41A is used to generate N-terminal 6×His-MBP fusions for bacterial expression. pDEST-CMV-Myc is used to generate N-terminal Myc fusions under the control of a CMV promoter for mammalian cell expression. pKA921 is used for two-fragment Gateway cloning to create promoter-cDNA combinations. A polycistronic mCherry cassette with an unc-54 3′-UTR marks the tissues where the array is expressed. pCFJ150 is used to generate C. elegans expression vectors through three-fragment Gateway cloning [51]. pAG415 GAL-ccbB is used for constitutive expression of cDNAs in yeast [50]. pET-DUET1 (Novagen) is used for simultaneous expression of two cDNAs in bacteria.
We thank Holly Ingraham and Erik Lontok for reagents and assistance with the in vitro sumoylation assays; Dominik Farka for his help generating transgenic C. elegans; Chris Lima for his generous gift of the hE1, hE2, and hSENP1 expression vectors; the Protein Expression and Purification Core Facility of the EMBL Heidelberg for their gift of pETG-10A and pETG-41A; Sander van den Heuvel for his gift of Prnr::CYB-1DesBox::3×Venus; Ben Lehner for his gift of the unc-54 3′-UTR entry clone; Marian Walhout for her gift of pDB-NHR vectors; Matthew Knuesel and Miles Pufall for helpful discussions and technical advice; Axel Bethke, Holly Ingraham, Marek Jindra, Matthew Knuesel, Gabriela Monsalve, Sarah Petnic, Lindsey Pack, Ben Schiller, and members of the Yamamoto lab for advice and comments on the manuscript. We appreciate the help of Soledad De Guzman for preparing plates and media. Some strains were provided by the CGC, which is funded by NIH Office of Research Infrastructure Programs (P40 OD010440).
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: JDW NB MA. Performed the experiments: JDW NB TB MA. Analyzed the data: JDW NB KA MA KRY. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JDW NB MA. Wrote the paper: JDW KA MA KRY.
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69. 69. Thompson KE, Bashor CJ, Lim WA, Keating AE (2012) SYNZIP Protein Interaction Toolbox: in Vitro and in Vivo Specifications of Heterospecific Coiled-Coil Interaction Domains. ACS Synth Biol 1: 118–129 doi:10.1021/sb200015u. | http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1003992 | dclm-gs1-165950001 | false | true | {
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0.189998 | <urn:uuid:c1113f55-8776-44a3-954a-ae1ef698bfa0> | en | 0.707098 | Last updated on 12/28/14 10:20:55
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Posts by Makoto Chan
Sounds interesting! I don't have your answer but FWIW, that would probably be very easy for a tailor or alterations shop to do for you, with your own chinos. Bring the camo fabric, they'll sew it from the inside of the pants, and then roll and sew the cuff.
That's a really good deal.
The OP gave a reasonable answer, so why be a douche about it? Good advice from others though.
My English Briefcase from Lotuff-Clegg is wonderful. Frank Clegg was real cool about accommodating some personal requests, too.
$300 is a great price for a pair of new JM Weston shoes. They're very well constructed. They're not so popular in the Anglo world, but they're well respected in Japan. If you like the shoes, you can be sure you're getting a great value.
Patrick Johnson is visiting Perth soon.
Do you dislike loafers?
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0.124136 | <urn:uuid:88b80083-f535-4030-b529-c0be8cd007a6> | en | 0.962226 | Adriana Tapus has studied human-robot interaction (HRI) long enough to expect the unexpected.
"When you work with people, you have many, many surprises. You cannot know exactly what the human will do next and many things come up that you didn't expect," says Tapus, associate professor ENSTA-ParisTech, who builds assistive robotics architectures and investigates HRI in therapeutic environments.
Tapus tells of a patient recovering from a stroke who tried to cheat a therapeutic bot during a musical game designed to improve the rehabilitation process. There was no personal gain involved, says Tapus: beyond the satisfaction of outwitting the bot, that is.
"These are things that we couldn't imagine when we designed the system [...] Humans are unpredictable," says Tapus.
For example, young children interacting with the humanoid NAO bot -- a central figure in Tapus' current research -- often instinctively kiss the bot's head, says Tapus. And, if NAO's eyes turn red, the children ask researchers why the bot is upset.
But one elderly woman's relationship with Bandit (a humanoid bot developed by the University of South California's Interaction Lab) provides the most tantalising glimpse into the kind of small, human drama that could be played out hundreds of thousands of times in the future, if robots become more commonplace in our daily lives.
As part of a long-term study of the ways people and bots interact in therapeutic settings, Tapus had Bandit play a musical game with people suffering from dementia. The "Song Discovery" game (loosely based on the television game show "Name That Tune") was specially designed to help dementia patients maintain their attention levels.
The elderly patient played with Bandit twice a week over a period of about eight months. Each session lasted about an hour.
"She looked forward to the interaction. She really liked to hear the music and play the game," explains Tapus.
The fieldwork was a success. Many participants demonstrated improved cognitive performance over the course of the eight months and the research demonstrated some of the benefits of using bots in therapeutic settings. Their fieldwork complete, the team took Bandit back to the lab to assess the data collected and start work on their scientific papers.
But the story didn't end there for the elderly patient.
Faced with the reality that Bandit wasn't coming back, she became very distressed.
"She was depressed," says Tapus. "The robot had shown nice, encouraging behavior towards her."
But Bandit was gone.
As things turned out, over a period of about three weeks, the elderly patient's distress faded and everything went back to normal.
But is it possible that in the future, when humans and bots live side by side, day after day, sharing experiences and forming relationships-of-sorts with each other, that the elderly patient's sense of loss will not just be a normal experience, but a typical experience?
How will we react when a loyal humanoid bot that has served us for years suddenly fails? Will we genuinely grieve for no-longer working bots that have accompanied us through so much of our lives?
And when bots die, will we treat them like cherished family pets and bury them in our gardens (or robot graveyards)? Will we place the deceased bots' body in a glass case in the livingroom? Or keep a head on the mantlepiece as a memento?
"No" says Tapus. "We get upset when our coffee machine is not working anymore but we don't bury it. Robots are machines that can help us and that's all."
Tapus argues that the old lady became distressed because an activity she enjoyed had been terminated, not because of any "attachment to the robot itself."
Christoph Bartneck, senior lecturer at the Human Interface Technology Laboratory New Zealand, disagrees.
"Robots show intentional behavior, which we otherwise only associate with animals. Hence, we encounter a situation in which robots appear to be alive and only our rational thinking tells us that they are not," says Bartneck. "But our rational thinking is the weaker part of our brain. I think that we will have a similar relationship with robots as we have today with pets."
1. Interesting but I can't follow the thought process that to have emotions for a robot is irrational but to have emotional attachment to a human or animal is rational? The very definition of emotion is that it is irrational.Besides, fundamentally everything is composed of the same quantum matter anyway.
Oct 11th 2011
2. Does this mean that in the future we're going to be haunted by robot ghosts?
Oct 11th 2011
3. First I'd throw a robot wake (any excuse!) and then when the beer runs out I'd blast it into space for a spectacular reentry.. timothy leary-style!! Besides that it would be quite a sad occasion. *sniffle*
Oct 11th 2011
4. I used to read my sister's old books of the comic strip 'Peanuts', and the character named Linus had his security blanket that he couldn't be parted from. So like a toy doll or teddy bear, none of these are 'alive' but yet there is an emotional contact - albeit maybe an irrational one to others, yet it still exists in the mind of the beholder. So yes, on a parallel I could easily see a similar attachment between a human and a robot! I could also see a 'recycled' robot not having the same bond (so to speak) with a human - I mean do art enthusiasts not want the original instead of the copy though it may appear the same?! As for me as a child, I had a piece of cloth shaped like bacon that never left my side, which might explain my attachment to the grill pan..!Interesting article and well written.....more of the same please.
Oct 16th 2011
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0.029944 | <urn:uuid:41adbb70-17eb-47ef-b361-a569d5355acb> | en | 0.987671 | Michael Oher, Adopted Family Celebrate Super Bowl Victory
It was a picture that captured a powerful moment, snapped moments after Baltimore won the Super Bowl.
In it, an emotional Leigh Anne Tuohy is seen hugging her adopted son, Michael Oher, after his team, the Baltimore Ravens, won the big game Sunday night.
"We both just darted for each other and he picked me up," she told ABC News today. "He was so excited and I was just sobbing."
Oher, whose story was made famous in the Oscar-winning film " The Blind Side," grew up in Memphis, Tenn., the son of a crack-addict mother and an absent father. He didn't have a permanent home and was eventually taken in by the Tuohy family.
Sandra Bullock, who played Tuohy in the film, won an Oscar for her role. On Sunday night, she attended the game. Her adopted son wore Oher's jersey.
"Dreams do come true," Oher told ABC News after Sunday's victory. "I came so far, from nothing to a Super Bowl champion. I'm in shock right now."
Oher, an offensive tackle, helped the Ravens hold off the San Francisco 49ers, 34-31.
As she drove back to Memphis today from New Orleans, Touhy told ABC News that she and her husband truly love Oher as much as they love their biological children, who also were present at the game to cheer him on.
"Families don't have to match," she said. "You don't have to look like someone else to love them. There are wonderful kids all over this country who need a forever family. And we believe there are no unwanted kids, just unfound families."
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0.22407 | <urn:uuid:4509d59c-d237-438d-a832-71c5c0d9a825> | en | 0.943787 | Take the 2-minute tour ×
Currently I'm using ubuntu 12.04. Previously I've used dual boot (Ubuntu 13.04 / Windows 7), both OS configured with ATI Catalyst Center. But few days back both OS started to crash. Ubuntu 13.04 freezes to death, I can't even switch to CLI. Other OS error log indicated that it was due to Graphics driver. Now I can't re-install Ubuntu 13.04-amd64. Till now 12.04 working fine without additional graphics driver. Is it necessary to install ATI CC, If I continue without ATI Driver does it harm my system. I've 1GB ATI Radeon HD 5470, Please ask if you need any additional info.
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5 Answers 5
I'm running 12.04 with ATI AIW, and I never loaded ATI CC, and everything works fine. Its been running like that since 12.04 came out, and Its updated as of yesterday. So it won't harm the system. I don't run any games.
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Thank you. I haven't heard about ATI AIW till now. – Vineeth Krishnan Mar 10 at 14:05
Is there any article or resources about how I can configure ATI AIW on my ubuntu 12.04. googled it but I couldnt find anything good so far. Do you have any suggestion for me? – Vineeth Krishnan Mar 26 at 20:36
I'm not sure about what is it that you want to configure, but if capture software is what you're looking for, then take a look at ATI TV and Overlay Software. – Mitch Mar 26 at 20:52
Most distros including Ubuntu comes with a "free" version of driver that is enough to display the desktop and make a smooth experience. However, if you run games and other graphics intensive stuff, its recommended to install a non-free driver provided by your vendor
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I don't run any games so it is okay to work on ubuntu without additional driver :-) – Vineeth Krishnan Mar 10 at 14:03
The OSS driver (radeon) is coming on in leaps and bounds though. 3D performance in Mesa 10.2 and post-3.12 kernels is pretty good. Not quite as good as the closed driver, admittedly, but if you're stuck with a card that's only supported by the legacy catalyst driver then the OSS driver is a bad consolation prize.
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No, it is not necessary to run the proprietary drivers. They are not installed by default. Also, once you do install them, it is not straightforward to remove them.
However, if both windows and ubuntu are crashing, perhaps it is not your drivers at fault but some hardware issue with your graphics card i.e. it is worn out.
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I have the same type of graphics card, but I don't have a driver. use s3tc. its a compression tool. start by adding ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa to your ppa list, sudo apt-get update, then go to the software center and look up s3tc and there are 2 packages. install them both, and make sure you run the update manager. I did this, and my computer runs faster and better than ever when playing steam games.
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0.063908 | <urn:uuid:e4a2553b-214d-4aec-8a58-c044d5a28603> | en | 0.932351 | HOME > Chowhound > Food Media & News >
Hells Kitchen Game
• 2
I haven't tried it yet but I'm wondering if my computer will start having proper riggor fits and cursing at me instead of the other way around.
1. Click to Upload a photo (10 MB limit)
1. I downloaded the 30 minute trial version. It stunk. Its just like a million other games on the internet, the diner dash, the one with the cupcakes. Gordon's likeness is hideous, and he only utters I think 3 different phrases.
I hope noone pays the $20
1 Reply
1. re: LisaN
I did the same thing. All the food is the same and he doesn't even swear. It's really stupid. I'll be uninstalling in shortly. | http://chowhound.chow.com/topics/530697 | dclm-gs1-166640001 | false | false | {
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0.559176 | <urn:uuid:fede7cb4-3617-4da0-b4b9-04c5e1b24d83> | en | 0.982582 | HOME > Chowhound > San Diego >
Need recommendations for family-friendly but good steakhouse for special birthday
• 4
Hi Chowhounds - my family and I relocated to SD almost four years ago from NYC. My husband is going to turn 40 in a few months and I wanted to take him out for that special occasion, but I know he will want to go with our young children (1 and 4). So this is what the criteria is:
1. Good steaks
2. Please have creamed spinach as a side dish option
3. Good place for kids, i.e. kids' menu and high chairs - we went to Donovan's once and while they were very nice, it was obviously not good for kids.
4. Can accommodate a good-sized group (possibly 8 adults, 7 kids)
We don't get out much, so your feedback is hugely appreciated.
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1. I'm going to say reserve the "back room" of Cowboy Star, but I would call ahead about the creamed spinach. Since you'd have to reserve the back room I'm pretty sure they can make some creamed spinach for you
1. Pretty tall order due to the kids. I'll second Cowboy Star, whose steaks are NYC diner-worthy. They do have a back room that should work, but 7 kids wouldn't work in the main dining room.
If you are nearer North County than Downtown, you might consider Red Tracton's across from the racetrack. They are old school, a bit retro, and have some dining areas that are set apart from the main restuarant and would be semi-private and ok for kids.
Creamed spinach would have to be a special request at both places and may or may not be accomodated. They have creamed spinach at the Palm and Morton's; but you're probably not posting here to get rec's to chain joints like those.
1. You might want to give Eddie V's in La Jolla a call. They have several spaces that can closed off. When I ate there, there was a couple of large groups celebrating birthdays and one group had several children. They have spinach but it was sauteed with parm cheese but wasn't creamed.
1. Ruth's Chris. Filet mignon, | http://chowhound.chow.com/topics/836085 | dclm-gs1-166680001 | false | false | {
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0.028057 | <urn:uuid:e2c23f8e-8d1f-4422-a9bc-57365e0474f0> | en | 0.96791 | Mexico gov't faces vigilante monster it created
January 15, 2014 - 10:04 PM
Mexico Vigilantes
Federal police patrol the streets of Apatzingan, Mexico, Wednesday, Jan. 15, 2014. Federal forces struggled to bring order to western Mexico as vigilantes battled a drug cartel. The unrest is in a region of Michoacan known as Tierra Caliente, a farming area where vigilante groups have been trying to drive out the Knights Templar drug cartel. After a weekend of firefights, the government announced Monday that it would take on security duties in the area. (AP Photo/Eduardo Verdugo)
APATZINGAN, Mexico (AP) — Vigilantes who have challenged the government's authority in lawless Michoacan state held onto their guns Wednesday as federal authorities struggled to rein in a monster they helped create: citizen militias that rose among farmers and lime pickers to fight a drug cartel.
"They said they're not going to bother us, but they don't want us to keep advancing," said Hipolito Mora, head of the self-defense group in the town of La Ruana. The vigilantes now control the 17 municipalities that make up southwestern Michoacan — about a third of the entire state. "They don't want us to carry our guns in view."
Interior Minister Miguel Angel Osorio Chong denied such an agreement was reached with the vigilantes.
"We made it clear that they cannot be armed," he said, though he said arresting vigilantes was not the objective.
Leaders of the self-defense groups are demanding the government arrest the top seven leaders of the Knights Templar drug cartel before they consider laying down their weapons.
This week, the government has beefed up federal police numbers in the rich farming region known as the Tierra Caliente, vowing to tame the area that has been controlled for at least three years by the quasi-religious Knights Templar. But the move comes after months of unofficial tolerance of vigilante groups that have taken up arms against the cartel, which started in drug trafficking and expanded to extortion and total economic control as the government failed to act.
With more firefights and violence over the weekend as vigilantes continued to advance, the tolerance of the armed citizen groups is being called a dangerous precedent inside the country and out. The U.S. State Department said Wednesday that the warring between vigilantes and the cartel is "incredibly worrisome" and "unclear if any of those actors have the community's best interests at heart."
"What they created was a Frankenstein that got out of control," Erubiel Tirado, a specialist in civil-military relations at Iberoamerican University, said of the situation, adding that the government has been allowing citizen groups to do its "dirty work."
So far the vigilantes have been more successful than the government, which has been sending troops to Michoacan at least since 2006, when former President Felipe Calderon launched his assault on drug trafficking. When legions of federal police arrived Tuesday to take over Apatzingan, the farming region's main city and a Knights Templar stronghold, residents simply shrugged.
"Police sent in from outside don't know where the criminals are," said the Rev. Gregorio Lopez, a Roman Catholic priest. "We know of 10 warehouses where they are hiding armed men. They aren't going to find them."
The vigilantes kill without qualms and take enemies into improvised jails.
Jose Miguel Vivanco of Human Right Watch called the situation "an improvised and even reckless government strategy."
Vigilante leaders vehemently deny this. They say they finance their battle with money that citizens formerly paid in extortion to the Knights Templar and now donate voluntarily to self-defense groups. They also say wealthy landowners in the rich farm country, a major producer of limes, avocados and mangos, have been financing their cause.
Vivanco fears the potential for abuse.
"It's not hard to imagine such groups quickly becoming involved in (assuming some haven't already) the very criminal activities — such as extortion and drug trafficking — that the government needs to eradicate," he said in written remarks sent to The Associated Press.
Associated Press writers Adriana Gomez Licon and Katherine Corcoran in Mexico City and Luis Alonso Lugo in Washington contributed to this report. | http://cnsnews.com/news/article/mexico-govt-faces-vigilante-monster-it-created | dclm-gs1-166710001 | false | false | {
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0.019985 | <urn:uuid:e0e94c92-beb4-4b4f-b3de-892f823553b2> | en | 0.965369 | Obama Flies to India, Looking to Boost US Economy
November 5, 2010 - 2:11 PM
President Barack Obama, Michelle Obama
President Barack Obama and first lady Michelle Obama wave as they board Air Force One at Andrews Air Force Base, Md., Friday, Nov. 5, 2010, for a 10-day trip through India, Indonesia, South Korea and Japan, the longest foreign outing of Obama's presidency. (AP Photo/Manuel Balce Ceneta)
Mumbai, India (AP) - President Barack Obama hasn't been able to drive down unemployment in America, so he's coming to India in search of U.S. jobs.
Four days after his party suffered heavy, economy-influenced losses in Congress, the president will arrive Saturday in Mumbai, India's booming financial center, where he will meet with local business leaders and with American executives who have traveled to India in search of billions of dollars in trade deals.
U.S. and Indian officials have stressed the close ties that have developed between the world's two largest democracies over the past decade. It's a relationship both countries hope will expand and improve - partly, in the U.S. view, as a counterbalance to China's growing power.
On Thursday, a day before he left, Obama said in Washington, "The primary purpose is to take a bunch of U.S. companies and open up markets so that we can sell in Asia, in some of the fastest-growing markets in the world, and we can create jobs here in the United States." He added, "And my hope is, is that we've got some specific announcements that show the connection between what we're doing overseas and what happens here at home when it comes to job growth and economic growth."
The White House hopes some commercial deals will be finalized, possibly including purchases of Boeing aircraft by India. The U.S. also will be pushing for more favorable terms for U.S. exports.
Associated Press Writer Ravi Nessman contributed to this report from New Delhi, India. | http://cnsnews.com/node/77599 | dclm-gs1-166720001 | false | false | {
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0.106485 | <urn:uuid:2a73ccb5-8dbd-41a8-afb0-e53d7c15fa70> | en | 0.975149 | Julio-Claudian dynasty
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Julio-Claudian)
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Roman imperial dynasties
Julio-Claudian dynasty
The statue known as the Augustus of Prima Porta, 1st century
Augustus 27 BC14 AD
Tiberius 1437 AD
Caligula 3741 AD
Claudius 4154 AD
Nero 5468 AD
Gens Julia
Gens Claudia
Julio-Claudian family tree
Category:Julio-Claudian dynasty
Preceded by
Roman Republic
Followed by
Year of the Four Emperors
The Julio-Claudian dynasty normally refers to the first five Roman Emperors: Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula (also known as Gaius), Claudius, and Nero,[1] or the family to which they belonged; they ruled the Roman Empire from its formation, in the second half of the 1st century (44/31/27) BC, until AD 68, when the last of the line, Nero, committed suicide.[2]
None of the Julio-Claudians were succeeded by their sons; only one of them had a legitimate son survive him. The ancient historical writers, chiefly Suetonius and Tacitus, write from the point of view of the Roman senatorial aristocracy, and portray the Emperors in generally negative terms, whether from preference for the Roman Republic or love of a good scandalous story.
Tacitus wrote this of the Julio-Claudian Emperors and history:
Following Augustus' ascension as the first emperor of the Roman Empire in 27 BC, his family became a de facto royal house, known in historiography as the "Julio-Claudian dynasty." For various reasons, the Julio-Claudians followed in the example of Julius Caesar and Augustus by utilizing adoption as a tool for dynastic succession. The next four emperors were closely related through a combination of blood relation, marriage and adoption.
Rise and fall of the Julio-Claudians[edit]
This marble statue of a youth on horseback is believed to represent a member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty
Lacking any male child and heir Augustus married his only daughter Julia to his nephew Marcus Claudius Marcellus. However, Marcellus died of food poisoning in 23 BC. Augustus then married his widowed daughter to his loyal friend, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa. This marriage produced five children, three sons and two daughters: Gaius Caesar, Lucius Caesar, Julia the Younger, Agrippina the Elder, and Agrippa Postumus.
Gaius and Lucius, the first two children of Julia and Agrippa, were adopted by Augustus and became heirs to the throne; however, Augustus also showed great favor toward his wife Livia's two children from her first marriage: Drusus and Tiberius. They were successful military leaders who had fought against the barbarian Germanic tribes.
Agrippa died in 12 BC, and Tiberius was ordered by Augustus to divorce his wife Vipsania Agrippina and marry his stepsister, the twice-widowed Julia. Drusus, the brother of Tiberius, died in 9 BC after falling from a horse. Tiberius shared in Augustus' tribune powers, but shortly thereafter, in 6 BC, he went into voluntary exile in Rhodes. After the early deaths of both Lucius (2 AD) and Gaius (4 AD), Augustus was forced to recognize Tiberius as the next Roman emperor. Augustus banished his grandson Postumus Agrippa to the small island of Planasia (around 6 or 7 AD), and Tiberius was recalled to Rome and officially adopted by Augustus.
On 19 August 14 AD, Augustus died. Tiberius had already been established as Princeps in all but name, and his position as heir was confirmed in Augustus' will.[citation needed]
Despite his difficult relationship with the Senate, Tiberius's first years were generally good. He stayed true to Augustus’s plans for the succession and favored his adopted son Germanicus over his natural son, Drusus, as did the Roman populace. On Tiberius' request, Germanicus was granted proconsular power and assumed command in the prime military zone of Germania, where he suppressed the mutiny there and led the formerly restless legions on campaigns against Germanic tribes from 14 to 16 AD. Germanicus died at Syria in 19 AD and, on his deathbed, accused the governor of Syria, Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, of murdering him at Tiberius’s orders. With Germanicus dead, Tiberius began elevating his own son Drusus to replace him as the Imperial successor. By this time Tiberius had left more of the day-to-day running of the Empire to Lucius Aelius Sejanus.[citation needed]
Sejanus created an atmosphere of fear in Rome, controlling a network of informers and spies whose incentive to accuse others of treason was a share in the accused's property after their conviction and death. Treason trials became commonplace; few members of the Roman aristocracy were safe. The trials played up to Tiberius' growing paranoia, which made him more reliant on Sejanus, as well as allowing Sejanus to eliminate potential rivals.[citation needed]
Tiberius, perhaps sensitive to this ambition, rejected Sejanus's initial proposal to marry Livilla in 25 AD, but later had withdrawn his objections so that, in 30 AD, Sejanus was betrothed to Livilla's daughter, Tiberius' granddaughter. Sejanus' family connection to the Imperial house was now imminent, and in 31 AD Sejanus held the Consulship with the emperor as his colleague, an honor Tiberius reserved only for heirs to the throne. When he was summoned to a meeting of the Senate later that year on 18 October 31 AD. he probably expected to receive a share of the tribunician power. Instead, however, Tiberius' letter to the Senate, completely unexpectedly, requested the destruction of Sejanus and his faction. A purge followed, in which Sejanus and his most prominent supporters were killed.[citation needed]
Rome's second Emperor died at the port town of Misenum on 16 March 37 AD, at the age of seventy-eight, having reigned for 23 years. Suetonius writes that the Prefect of the Praetorian Guard Naevius Sutorius Macro smothered Tiberius with a pillow to hasten Caligula's accession. According to Suetonius, he was known for his cruelty and debauchery through his perversion on the island of Capri where he forced young boys and girls into orgies. On one account when one of the boys complained, Tiberius had his legs broken. Suetonius' claims, however, have to be taken with a degree of skepticism, due to bitterness from the reign of previous emperors that usually accompanies the coming of a new leader.[clarification needed][citation needed]
Although Augustus's succession plans were all but ruined due to the deaths of more than several family members, including many of his own descendants, in the end Tiberius remained faithful to his predecessor's wishes that the next emperor would hail from the Julian side of the Imperial family. Thus, Tiberius was succeeded by Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, the sole-remaining son of his adopted son Germanicus. The new emperor not only belonged to both the Julian and Claudian sides of the Imperial family, but was also a direct descendant of Augustus Caesar through his mother Agrippina the Elder. More commonly remembered in history by his childhood nickname Caligula, he was the third Roman Emperor ruling from 37 to 41 AD.
When Tiberius died on 16 March 37 AD, Caligula was well positioned to assume power, despite the obstacle of Tiberius’s will, which named him and his cousin Tiberius Gemellus as joint heirs. Caligula ordered Gemellus killed within his first year in power. Backed by Naevius Sutorius Macro, Caligula asserted himself as sole princeps.
There were several unsuccessful attempts made on Caligula's life. The successful conspiracy that ended Caligula's life was hatched by the disgruntled Praetorian Guard with backing by the Senate. The historian Josephus claims that the conspirators wished to restore the Republic while the historian Suetonius claims their motivations were mostly personal. On 24 January 41, the praetorian tribune Cassius Chaerea and his men stopped Caligula alone in an underground passage leading to a theater. They stabbed him to death. Together with another tribune, Cornelius Sabinus, he killed Caligula's wife Caesonia and their infant daughter Julia Drusilla on the same day.
After Caligula’s death, the senate attempted and failed to restore the Republic. Claudius, Caligula's uncle, became emperor by the instigation of the Praetorian Guards.[citation needed]
Despite his lack of political experience, Claudius proved to be an able administrator and a great builder of public works. His reign saw an expansion of the empire, including the invasion of Britain in 43 AD. He took a personal interest in the law, presided at public trials, and issued up to twenty edicts a day; however, he was seen as vulnerable throughout his rule, particularly by the nobility. Claudius was constantly forced to shore up his position—resulting in the deaths of many senators. Claudius also suffered tragic setbacks in his personal life. He married four times (to, in order, Plautia Urgulanilla, Aelia Paetina, Valeria Messalina, and finally Agrippina the Younger) and is referenced by Suetonius as being easily manipulated. This is particularly evident during his marriage to Agrippina the Younger, his niece.[citation needed]
Claudius' reign also included several attempts on his life. In order to gain political support, he married Agrippina and adopted his great-nephew Nero.[citation needed]
With his adoption on 25 February 50 AD, Nero became heir to the throne. Claudius died on 13 October 54 AD, and Nero became emperor. A number of ancient historians accuse Agrippina of poisoning Claudius, but details on these private events vary widely.[citation needed]
Nero became emperor in 54 AD at seventeen, the youngest emperor yet. Like his uncle Caligula before him, Nero was also a direct descendant of Augustus Caesar, a fact which made his ascension to the throne much easier and smoother than it had been for Tiberius or Claudius. Ancient historians describe Nero's early reign as being strongly influenced by his mother Agrippina, his tutor Seneca, and the Praetorian Prefect Burrus, especially in the first year. In 55 AD, Nero began taking on a more active role as an administrator. He was consul four times between 55 and 60 AD. Nero consolidated power over time through the execution and banishment of his rivals and slowly usurped authority from the Senate.
In 64 AD Rome burned. Nero enacted a public relief effort as well as large reconstruction projects. To fund this, the provinces were heavily taxed following the fire.
By 65 AD, senators complained that they had no power left and this led to the Pisonian conspiracy. The conspiracy failed and its members were executed. Vacancies after the conspiracy allowed Nymphidius Sabinus to rise in the Praetorian Guard.
In late 67 or early 68 AD, Vindex, the governor of Gallia Lugdunensis in Gaul, rebelled against the tax policies of Nero. Lucius Virginius Rufus, the governor of superior Germany was sent to put down the rebellion. To gain support, Vindex called on Galba, the governor of Hispania Citerior in Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula, comprising modern Spain and Portugal), to become emperor. Virginius Rufus defeated Vindex's forces and Vindex committed suicide. Galba was declared a public enemy and his legion was confined in the city of Clunia.
Nero had regained the control of the empire militarily, but this opportunity was used by his enemies in Rome. The Praetorian Guard was bribed to betray Nero by Nymphidius Sabinus, who desired to become emperor himself.
Nero reportedly committed suicide with the help of his scribe Epaphroditos. The Senate, who were trying to preserve the dynastic bloodline by saving Nero's life were additionally reluctant to let someone who was not of the family to become emperor had no choice but to declare him a public enemy posthumously with Galba marching on the city so as Nero had committed suicide because of the decree. With his death, the Julio-Claudian dynasty came to an end. Chaos ensued in the Year of the Four Emperors.
Relationships between the rulers[edit]
The great-uncle /great-nephew blood relationship and/or adopted son relationship was commonly found between the rulers of Julio-Claudian dynasty.
1. Augustus was the great-nephew and posthumously adopted son of Julius Caesar.
2. Caligula was the great-nephew and grandson (via the adoption of Germanicus) of Tiberius.
3. Claudius was the great-nephew of Augustus, as well as the nephew of Tiberius (and the only one of the five rulers to not be adopted).
4. Nero was the great-nephew and adopted son of Claudius.
The other recurring relationship between emperor and successor is that of stepfather/stepson, a relationship not by blood but by marriage:
1. Tiberius was Augustus's stepson due to the latter's marriage to Livia Drusilla. Tiberius and Drusus were the sons of Livia through her previous marriage to Tiberius Claudius Nero.
2. Nero became the stepson of his great-uncle Claudius when the emperor married his niece Agrippina the Younger.
The uncle/nephew relationship also is prominent:
1. Tiberius, the older brother of Drusus, was Claudius's paternal uncle.
2. Claudius, the younger brother of Germanicus, was Caligula's paternal uncle.
3. Caligula, the older brother of Agrippina the Younger, was Nero's maternal uncle.
No Julio-Claudian emperor was a blood descendant of his immediate predecessor. Although Tiberius and Claudius had potential heirs (Tiberius Gemellus and Britannicus, respectively) available for the succession, both were, in turn, ultimately succeeded by their great-nephews Caligula and Nero, respectively.
The fact that ordinary father-son (or grandfather-grandson) succession did not occur has contributed to the image of the Julio-Claudian court presented in Robert Graves's I, Claudius, a dangerous world where scheming family members were all too ready to murder the direct heirs so as to bring themselves, their own immediate families, or their lovers closer to the succession.
Dynastic timeline[edit]
Nero Claudius Caligula Tiberius Augustus
1. Augustus (27 BC–14 AD)
2. Tiberius (14–37)
3. Caligula (37–41)
4. Claudius (41–54)
5. Nero (54–68)
Family tree[edit]
See also Julio-Claudian family tree.
See also[edit]
1. ^ Brill's New Pauly, "Julio-Claudian emperors"
2. ^ There is some variation in usage; in strictly chronological contexts, it can be useful to distinguish between the long reign of Augustus and his Julio-Claudian, or Claudian, successors, the four of whom put together reigned about as long as Augustus himself.
3. ^ Tacitus, Annals I.1
Further reading[edit]
• Matyszak, Philip. The Sons of Caesar: Imperial Rome's First Dynasty, London: Thames & Hudson, 2006 (hardcover, ISBN 0-500-25128-2)
• Anthony Kamm, The Romans an Introduction
• Suetonius, The Lives of the twelve Caesars http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/suetonius-index.html
• Anthony A. Barrett, Agrippina : sex, power, and politics in the early Empire
• Lecture and notes from CLCV 1003A (Classical Roman Civilization); Carleton University
• Wood, Susan, The Incredible, Vanishing Wives of Nero http://www.portraitsofcaligula.com/3/miscellaneous1.htm
• Holztrattner, Franz, Poppaea Neronis Potens: Studien zu Poppaea Sabina, Berger & Söhne: Graz-Horn, 1995
• N.A. Octavia, tragedy preserved with the writings of Seneca
• Tacitus, Annals
• Robert Graves, I, Claudius
• Robert Graves, Claudius the God
External links[edit]
Preceded by
Roman Republic
Julio-Claudian dynasty
30 BC –69 AD
Succeeded by
Flavian dynasty | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio-Claudian | dclm-gs1-166820001 | false | false | {
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0.035362 | <urn:uuid:bc7f6fc6-8af0-4c6f-8deb-6c7e41d447ee> | en | 0.941801 | Pylon station
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Narvskaya, Saint Petersburg Metro
The pylon station is a type of deep underground subway station. The basic distinguishing characteristic of the pylon station is the manner of division of the central hall from the station tunnels
The pylon station consists of three separate halls, separated from each other by a row of pylons with passages between them. The independence of the halls allows the architectural form of the central and side halls to be differentiated. This was especially characteristic for stations built in the 1960s, when as a result of the policy of "total economy," the side halls and tunnel walls were significantly poorer than the central hall.
Building stations of the pylon type is preferable in difficult geological situations, as such a station is better able to oppose earth pressure. However, the limited number of narrow passages limits the throughput between the halls.
London-type station[edit]
The pylon station was the earliest type of deep underground station.[citation needed] One variation is the so-called "London-style station." In such stations the central hall is reduced to the size of an anteroom, leading to the inclined walkway or elevators. In some cases the anteroom is also the base of the escalators. In the countries of the former USSR there is currently only one such station: Arsenalna in Kiev. In Moscow there were such stations, but they since been rebuilt: Lubyanka and Chistiye Prudy are now ordinary pylon stations, and Paveletskaya-Radialnaya is now a column station.
In the Moscow Metro, typical pylon station are Kievskaya-Koltsevaya, Smolenskaya of the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya line, Oktyabrskaya-Koltsevaya, and others.
In the Saint Petersburg Metro, pylon stations include Ploshchad Lenina, Pushkinskaya, Narvskaya, Gorkovskaya, Moskovskie Vorota, and others.
See also[edit] | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pylon_station | dclm-gs1-166840001 | false | false | {
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0.534623 | <urn:uuid:b38a89bb-495d-4aa0-adf2-61f2f7939b7a> | en | 0.844792 | Welch's t test
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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In statistics, Welch's t-test (or Welch-Aspin Test) is a two-sample location test, and is used to check the hypothesis that two populations have equal means. Welch's t-test is an adaptation of Student's t-test, and is intended for use when the two samples have possibly unequal variances.[1] These tests are often referred to as "unpaired" or "independent samples" t-tests, as they are typically applied when the statistical units underlying the two samples being compared are non-overlapping. Welch's t-test is an approximate solution to the Behrens–Fisher problem. It is sometimes referred to as the "Two-sample unpooled t-test for unequal variances" but "Welch's t-test" is preferred for brevity.
Welch's t-test defines the statistic t by the following formula:
t \quad = \quad {\; \overline{X}_1 - \overline{X}_2 \; \over \sqrt{ \; {s_1^2 \over N_1} \; + \; {s_2^2 \over N_2} \quad }}\,
where \overline{X}_{i}, s_{i}^{2} and N_{i} are the ith sample mean, sample variance and sample size, respectively. Unlike in Student's t-test, the denominator is not based on a pooled variance estimate.
The degrees of freedom \nu associated with this variance estimate is approximated using the Welch–Satterthwaite equation:
\nu \quad \approx \quad
{{\left( \; {s_1^2 \over N_1} \; + \; {s_2^2 \over N_2} \; \right)^2 } \over
{ \quad {s_1^4 \over N_1^2 \nu_1} \; + \; {s_2^4 \over N_2^2 \nu_2 } \quad }}
Here \nu_i = N_i-1, the degrees of freedom associated with the ith variance estimate.
Statistical test[edit]
Once t and \nu have been computed, these statistics can be used with the t-distribution to test the null hypothesis that the two population means are equal (using a two-tailed test), or the alternative hypothesis that one of the population means is greater than or equal to the other (using a one-tailed test). In particular, the test will yield a p-value which might or might not give evidence sufficient to reject the null hypothesis.
This method also does not give exactly the nominal rate, but is generally not too far off.[citation needed] However, if the population variances are equal, or if the samples are rather small and the population variances can be assumed to be approximately equal, it is more accurate to use Student's t-test.[2]
Software implementations[edit]
As this is a widely used method, there are implementations in common statistical packages.
Language/Program Function Notes
Python scipy.stats.ttest_ind(a, b, axis=0, equal_var=False) See [1]
R t.test(data1, data2, alternative="two.sided", var.equal=FALSE) See [2]
See also[edit]
1. ^ Welch, B. L. (1947). "The generalization of "Student's" problem when several different population variances are involved". Biometrika 34 (1–2): 28–35. doi:10.1093/biomet/34.1-2.28. MR 19277.
2. ^ Daniel Borcard, Lecture Note Appendix: t-test with Welch correction, excerpt from Legendre, P. and D. Borcard. Statistical comparison of univariate tests of homogeneity of variances.
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0.043999 | <urn:uuid:58cb020a-5e58-40d0-88bf-ac717cb350f3> | en | 0.967622 | I'm taking these chances
My head to the sky
My feet on the ground
My fingers to the judge if the money don't move
Then I won't budge won't budge
No I won't budge no
from Lil Wayne – Hustler Musik Lyrics on Genius
If he has a chance to get money in illegal way, he’ll do it.
—He looks up to the sky to pray that he makes it through to see the next day.
—His feet stay on the ground, which means that he stays grounded (sensible). It could also mean that when he dies and his spirit goes to the “sky”, his physical body will still be in the ground.
—He doesn’t respect the law (judges, cops, etc.) for trying to stop what he’s doing.
To help improve the quality of the lyrics, visit “Hustler Musik” by Lil Wayne Lyrics and leave a suggestion at the bottom of the page | http://genius.com/50691/Lil-wayne-hustler-musik/Im-taking-these-chances-my-head-to-the-sky-my-feet-on-the-ground-my-fingers-to-the-judge-if-the-money-dont-move-then-i-wont-budge-wont-budge-no-i-wont-budge-no-lord | dclm-gs1-166970001 | false | false | {
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0.040909 | <urn:uuid:59a4bac6-cf4a-40c9-af0f-c517e5cae6fa> | en | 0.767523 | You are here
Sword Fish With Mango Relish
Healthycooking's picture
Minced white onion 45 Gram (1/4 Cup)
Ripe mangoes 250 Gram, diced (1 1/2 Cups)
Diced red bell pepper 115 Gram (3/4 Cup)
Chopped cilantro 10 Gram (1/4 Cup)
Minced fresh ginger 1 Tablespoon
Lemon juice 50 Milliliter (2 Tablespoon)
Vegetable oil 2 Teaspoon
Swordfish 1 1⁄2 Pound, cut. into 1/2- by 2-inch strips (680 Gram)
Cilantro sprigs 20 Gram (1/2 Cup, Lightly Packed)
1. To prepare mango relish, place onion in a fine strainer; rinse with cold water. Place in a bowl, cover with ice water, and let stand for 30 minutes. Drain. Return onion to bowl; stir in mango, bell pepper, chopped cilantro, ginger, and lemon juice; set aside.
2. Heat oil in a wide nonstick frying pan or wok over medium-high heat. When oil is hot, add swordfish and stir-fry gently (flipping with a spatula, if needed) until just opaque but still moist in thickest part; cut to test (about 4 minutes). Spoon swordfish onto a platter; top with mango relish and garnish with cilantro sprigs
Recipe Summary
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Your rating: None
Average: 4.1 (18 votes) | http://ifood.tv/fish/211995-sword-fish-with-mango-relish | dclm-gs1-167030001 | false | false | {
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0.019042 | <urn:uuid:c3b3c14e-2f48-416e-943c-077b60dd7a87> | en | 0.924821 | Counterfeit Money Scam
(credit: Jupiter Images)
Owatonna Man Pleads Guilty In Counterfeit Money Scheme
A 27-year-old Owatonna man pleaded guilty in Minneapolis Federal Court on Wednesday for his role in a counterfeit money ring that struck several businesses along I-35 between the Twin Cities and Iowa.
(credit: Jupiter Images)
8 Indicted In $100 Counterfeit Bill Scam
Eight people from southern Minnesota were charged in Minneapolis Federal Court Friday in connection with a counterfeit money ring that targeted businesses along the I-35 corridor between the Twin Cities and the Iowa border.
(credit: CBS)
Counterfeit Currency Scam Busted In Monticello
Store clerks are often trained to spot counterfeit currency. Using special felt markers, they’ll check to see if the money tendered is worth the paper it’s printed on. If the marker stripe on the large denomination bill turns yellow, chances are the bill is legitimate.
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0.172675 | <urn:uuid:33a84c4b-3531-426d-8f81-9a9c1acf3f21> | en | 0.973172 | Diddy’s “son” Quincy Combs is moving forward with plans to spark a music career much like his millionaire mogul dad and biological father. Quincy, the son of Al. B Sure and Kim Porter, has released a video for his new track “Stay Awhile.” In it, he serenades a young lady alongside singer Kendre known for playing the character ‘Jabari’ on the CW’s “Girlfriends.”
For the video, Combs switched up his look; shaving off his mustache and cutting his previously curly locks.
Check out Quincy Combs’ new video below. | http://rollingout.com/videos/quincy-combs-stay-awhile-feat-kendre/ | dclm-gs1-167420001 | false | false | {
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0.020379 | <urn:uuid:71a48a68-4fc3-4b7e-97d7-db1b1a4bf46e> | en | 0.918125 | Take the 2-minute tour ×
New to the community, but here is my first question that I am stuck on. I am new to WPF and WebClient using C# and I am attempting to make a program that access www.nba.com to populate a combobox I have with team names, and then when a user selects a team from the combobox, I wanted to populate a portion of the main window with the roster from the teams home site, same style and eveything. I was able to populate the combobox using the WebClient.OpenRead and reading in the markup to extract the team names.
Now I am on the more difficult part. I was planning on using the same method to grab all the markup and then somehow display the table in a content panel, but I feel that this is a very tedious thing to do. Can anyone give me any tips for completing this action or is there a method in the webclient class that allows me to search a webpage for a table or object other than text? Thanks.
share|improve this question
IMO, you should not dynamically fetch a decidedly static list of NBA team names. – Kirk Woll May 31 '12 at 22:34
That is true, I forgot to mention that I am doing this for practice with a new technology to me, so my reasoning was that if I could populate the list, I could use that knowledge in retrieving the roster info – Jordan Brooker May 31 '12 at 22:40
that's fair enough. – Kirk Woll May 31 '12 at 22:42
1 Answer 1
up vote 2 down vote accepted
Have a look at the HTML Agility Pack to make parsing the HTML easier. You'll also want to abstract the data access using a repository pattern so that your client doesn't need to change when the HTML changes, and so that adding caching is more straightforward.
share|improve this answer
perfect, this a great resource for me to look into, thanks for the quick response! – Jordan Brooker May 31 '12 at 22:51
Your Answer
| http://stackoverflow.com/questions/10842191/is-there-a-more-efficient-way-to-retrieve-tables-from-websites-using-wpf-webcli | dclm-gs1-167500001 | false | false | {
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0.434138 | <urn:uuid:46a53d80-7829-43fb-9e55-6b9dd8f72b25> | en | 0.911358 | Take the 2-minute tour ×
I'm trying to set up a simple rule in my httpd.conf as a precursor to some more complex rules I need to set up.
If I use this:
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/test\.txt
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ [R,L]
... then a request for /test.txt goes to port 8080, as expected.
But if I add a ! to flip the REQUEST_URI match, like this:
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/test\.txt
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ [R,L]
... then every request gets sent to port 8080, including requests for /test.txt. I was expecting text.txt to be allowed through because the RewriteCond would be applying the following rule to every request that doesn't match /text.txt.
What stupid, simple mistake am I making here? I Googled until I got dizzy.
share|improve this question
It's probably related to your other rules (for reasons I can elaborate on), could you post them as well? – Tim Stone Sep 2 '10 at 14:28
Thanks, Tim - there are no other rewrite rules beyond the standard TRACE/TRACK blocker. However, I've set up a fresh Apache install on a spare machine and the rules above are working there as I'd expect, so it's obviously something to do with the setup on the first machine. This isn't so bad because I just wanted a machine to build the rules on, and I can do that with the new install. – Nick Sep 2 '10 at 16:28
1 Answer 1
This problem appears to be a result of other configuration settings on the machine in question, as the rules are working fine on a vanilla Apache install.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer
| http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3626941/flipping-a-request-uri-with-in-httpd-conf | dclm-gs1-167540001 | false | false | {
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0.194316 | <urn:uuid:960cd2c8-7fe8-4011-8368-5e3a9f453393> | en | 0.723431 | Take the 2-minute tour ×
How to pass a hidden value in a form in Spring MVC 3.0
I am not able to assign a value to a hidden field using <form:hidden path="test" />. How can I set the value of the test field and access it on the server side.
share|improve this question
Is test a member variable of your command/form object? – Raghuram Mar 17 '11 at 11:46
yes ... it part of the modelAttribute <form:form method="post" action="/add" modelAttribute="Rules" > <form:hidden path="test" /> </form:form> – Santhosh S Mar 17 '11 at 12:00
Can you post your controller code please? – Scobal Mar 17 '11 at 12:55
@RequestMapping(value = "/add", method = RequestMethod.POST) public ModelAndView addRules( @ModelAttribute("Rules") Rules rules, BindingResult result ) throws Exception { ...... } – Santhosh S Mar 18 '11 at 5:53
Have you checked the BindingResult object for any errors? If 'test' cannot be bound to the Rules model attribute you will see an error in there – Scobal Mar 28 '11 at 19:46
3 Answers 3
<form:hidden path="test" style="display:none"/>
share|improve this answer
I've upvoted this, and used it: but I'm wondering why on earth this works. It looks and feels like a hack! Why doesn't it just work without the style bit? – mwarren Nov 27 at 16:05
It is oblibiuos that besides a hidden tag you also have a form like this:
<form:form action="/someAction" commandName="formBeanName" method="post">]
there you set needed properties
<form:hidden path="test" />
Notice that the "formBeanName" is attribute name of java class, that was stored in HttpServletRequest, so you can simple use it as a bean! Also do not forget to add setter and getter to your secret property.
<%--Set you secret property there--%>
<jsp:setProperty name="formBeanName" property="test" value="sercret"/>
there you set needed properties
<form:hidden path="test" />
public class FormBean {
//other fileds
private String test;
public String getTest(){
return this.test;
public String setTest(Strign test){
return this.test = test;
P.S. I tested this with Spring 3.1
UPDATED: This example works unstable. I do know why, but sometimes it set property, somewhere no. If you have two spring forms in one jsp this approach can set property for first and not set for second or vice versa. May be because jsp:setProperty work after spring forms tag, may be not.
share|improve this answer
Often people wrongly pass some values as hidden to form, because they cannot otherwise set those fields in update to previous values. E.g If I don't pass some values while updating to the form, those fields become null. However this is wrong way to update values. There is
to do that. After you update, you can set the session to complete using (SessionStatus status) parameter and status.setComplete() after the update is done. If you want to get some values that is not in model you can always use request.getParameter("yourinputname"); You can use
input type="hidden"
to set some values if you want to use in some parts like javascript (if using
does not work).
And if you really want to access the hidden filed try using
before looking at binding errors.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer
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0.132331 | <urn:uuid:894531cf-ded2-441e-96e0-c652b947a209> | en | 0.853896 | What is a linear drawing?
A linear drawing is a graphical diagram representing a system of connections or interrelations among two or more things by a number of distinctive dots, lines, curves and bars. This is the simplest form of linear expression where contour lines are used to outline visible edges of an object.
Q&A Related to "What is a linear drawing?"
1. Find the x- and y-intercepts. This is probably the simplest way to draw a linear equation. The x- and y-intercepts are the points where the line crosses the x- and y-axis, respectively
Linear type systems are based on or inspired by Jean-Yves Girard’s linear logic. Go read. What is linear logic? and then come back here. Following the Curry-Howard isomorphism
In the context of geometry, related to a line. In an algebraic context, an equation or expression where each of the unknown variables appears with a power of 1. If there are n variables
Social Security concerns itself with "earned" income. Any net profit from self-employment or wages from a job is considered earned income. Bonuses, commissions, vacation
1 Additional Answer
Ask.com Answer for: what is a linear drawing
Image Search: linear drawing
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0.181983 | <urn:uuid:007ec355-3954-4c3e-90c5-4826378a06a9> | en | 0.950292 | A Year in Provence Test | Final Test - Hard
Buy the A Year in Provence Lesson Plans
Name: _________________________ Period: ___________________
Short Answer Questions
1. What is Henriette, Faustin's wife, handy at?
2. How many bakers are listed in the yellow pages in Cavaillon?
3. What did Peter find after driving a half hour on his way to his friend's house?
4. Who is summoned to fix the washed out drive?
5. What game do the Mayles play at the end of July?
Essay Topics
Essay Topic 1
Peter travels to the Cote D'Azur to visit his friend in one chapter.
Part 1) Describe the Cote D'Azur in detail.
Part 2 ) List the things about the Cote d'Azur that you find ugly, negative or repellent.
Part 3) Compare the region of Provence where Peter lives with the Cote d'Azur he sees on his trip to visit his friend.
Essay Topic 2
Time and time again throughout the book you can see how Peter and his wife treat the people of Provence: their neighbors, the workmen they hire , the people they meet in the village etc. Write an essay describing the way the Mayles view and treat the people they come in contact with in Provence. Do you think they have chosen a good approach to getting to know the people in Provence? Would you do likewise if you were to spend a year in Provence? If not, what would you do that would be different? Do you think the Mayles' friendly interaction with the people they come in contact with has the greatest impact on how they view their year in Provence? If not, what other thing is more important?
Essay Topic 3
There are a number of funny incidents or sections in the book.
Part 1) Describe the incident where the English couple and their young son learn about the toilette a la Turque.
Part 2) Describe the incident where friends of the Mayles staying at a nearby hotel think they see an eagle in their wardrobe. What is it really? What does the night desk clerk give them to handle the situation when they find out they can't change their room? Do you think this is funny? What would you do if you found yourself in this situation?
Part 3) What are the "Sayings of August?" Do you think these are funny or unfortunate?
(see the answer keys)
This section contains 1,964 words
(approx. 7 pages at 300 words per page)
Buy the A Year in Provence Lesson Plans
A Year in Provence from BookRags. (c)2014 BookRags, Inc. All rights reserved.
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0.032843 | <urn:uuid:cdbe124f-c883-464c-b3ff-fbe00a50732d> | en | 0.960946 | Markets & Finance
Misplaced Fears for Regional Banks?
S&P says concerns about "Alt-A" mortgages may be distracting investors from the larger issues
From Standard & Poor's Equity ResearchThe good news is the regional banks followed by Standard & Poor's are well-insulated from the subprime lending market crisis. The question is: How exposed is this group to "Alt-A" mortgages, which cover the large middle ground between subprime and prime loans?
Investors are worried about regional bank exposure to Alt-A mortgages, given M&T Bank's (MTB; ranked 3 STARS, hold) profit warning on Mar. 30. The bank indicated the market for the Alt-A loans that it packages and securitizes has cooled off, leading to lower prices and lower mark-to-market prices for the loans that aren't sold. M&T Bank says it's contractually liable to buy back nonperforming Alt-A mortgages. The bank also warned that deposit costs would be higher than expected, leading to further net interest margin compression.
Alt-A loans are issued to customers with generally clean credit histories, but borrowers aren't subject to the level of income verification and documentation they would be with a prime loan. Alt-A customers are often independently employed, such as contractors, or they work in cash businesses. Banks stress Alt-A is a product type (low documentation and lower loan-to-value), whereas subprime is a customer type (low credit scores). In the first half of 2006, 16% of mortgage originations by dollar volume were Alt-A, vs. 62% for prime, 19% for subprime, and 3% for other.
Bellwether Watch
As for subprime, the regional banks we at S&P cover generally have very limited, if any, exposure to the subprime lending market. Regional banks aren't among the top 20 subprime lenders, according to the National Mortgage News list of fourth-quarter originations. Subprime lenders are often smaller, specialized companies or are smaller units of large multinational banks like HSBC (HBC, ranked 3 STARS, hold), Wells Fargo (WFC; ranked 3 STARS, hold), and Citigroup (C; ranked 5 STARS, strong buy). Furthermore, the regional banks that did have subprime businesses sold off those units.
M&T Bank is the bellwether of the U.S. regional banks industry, since it reports first and because of its size—$43 billion in loans and $57 billion in assets as of December 31, 2006. However, we don't think investors should view M&T's issues as widespread.
For example, in January, M&T Bank announced a large increase in their quarterly loan loss provisions. However, as the earnings season progressed, only some banks followed suit, and some didn't have to augment their provisions at all. Though it's important to pay attention to M&T Bank's news, we also note regional banks have very different lending portfolios and securitization programs.
The Main Issue
SunTrust (STI; ranked 4 STARS, buy) has $1.8 billion in Alt-A loans out of a loan portfolio of $121.5 billion. PNC Financial (PNC; ranked 4 STARS, buy) doesn't disclose the level of its Alt-A loans, but has said it's "immaterial," and PNC doesn't securitize customer loans, as M&T Bank does. KeyCorp (KEY; ranked 4 STARS, buy) also doesn't disclose the amount of its Alt-A lending, but we believe it's insignificant.
Regions Financial (RF; ranked 4 STARS, buy) has about $2 billion to $4 billion of Alt-A loans held for investment out of its $94.5 billion loan portfolio. Regions completed the sale of its Equifirst mortgage origination business on Apr. 2 to Barclays (BCS; ranked 4 STARS, buy). Equifirst originated prime, Alt-A, and subprime loans.
We have a different view and think the main issue in M&T Bank's earnings shortfall is related to deposit costs. While Alt-A problems are serious, we think they're second in importance. For some time, M&T Bank has struggled with deposit gathering, more so than its peers. For the earnings season, which begins on Apr. 16, we think investors in regional banks should focus on the larger issues of deposit costs, net interest margins, and credit quality of the entire loan portfolio.
Oja follows regional bank stocks for Standard Poor's Equity Research.
The Good Business Issue
Sponsored Financial Commentaries
Sponsored Links
Buy a link now!
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0.087818 | <urn:uuid:120df721-0e12-4ab5-9aed-227bcd24e196> | en | 0.95269 | The War that Time Forgot #4
by Timothy Callahan, Columnist/Reviewer |
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Story by
Bruce Jones
Art by
Al Barrionuevo, Jimmy Palmiotti
Colors by
Mike Atiyeh
Letters by
Jared K. Fletcher
Cover by
Russ Heath
DC Comics
Cover Price
$2.99 (USD)
Release Date
Aug 6th, 2008
Thu, August 7th, 2008 at 8:50PM (PDT)
Have you ever played Heroscape? It's a miniatures game, mostly marketed at children, in which each player assembles an army from amongst the cross-genre pieces. You can choose from robots or army guys or monsters or ninjas or pretty much whatever genre you can imagine. "The War that Time Forgot" #4 is like watching someone play that game, but with less ninjas and more exclamation points.
I liked the first issue of this series, actually. I liked how it drew upon DC's past to pull characters from different eras into a story with crazed dinosaur attacks. But three issues later, the story has barely progressed beyond the level of a bunch of characters running around, attacking each other, and/or avoiding monsters. The old-timey characters, like Firehawk, don't understand technology, while the high-tech characters, like G. I. Robot, are seen as gods. It's like that scene in "Return of the Jedi" with C3PO and the Ewoks, but instead of funny little alien teddy bears, we get Roman centurions without a clue.
The art, by Al Barrionuevo, is fine. Barrionuevo doesn't do a great job distinguishing each character facially, but since they all have their emblematic uniforms -- kind of like a time-tossed Village People -- it doesn't much matter that his work lacks the subtleties of characterization. He's good with jungle scenery and dinosaurs, though, which is important in a story like this.
The way the first issue ended indicated that this series would deal with the political maneuverings of the different factions on the island -- that it would be kind of a "Lord of the Flies" with DC's c-list historical characters. There's still eight issues left, so it may yet develop in that direction, but like the original Robert Kanigher "War that Time Forgot" stories, this Bruce Jones incarnation has just settled into a dull rut. Sure, there's an attempt at development -- however cursory -- and the stories don't start over from scratch each issue like they did in the "Star-Spangled War Stories" era, but at least those stories only cost you a dime while buying this whole story will set you back over $35. There's just not enough here to justify that kind of intellectual or financial investment.
Ultimately, the fun promise of the first issue hasn't been lived up to yet, and I can't imagine that I'll stick around for eight more issues hoping it will.
The War that Time Forgot #1
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0.072407 | <urn:uuid:716d420c-23a2-4a5f-883c-1adc65c93aaa> | en | 0.964178 | Comment: This is a game changer
(See in situ)
This is a game changer
for the demise of the USD as the Reserve Currency.
I wonder if anybody else will jump on board with this.
Saudi Arabia and Nigeria are already doing trade and infrastructure deals with China.
Will they start selling their oil in something other than dollars?
You get Opec members joining in with selling oil in something other than US dollars and a huge devaluation of the dollar will happen almost overnight.
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0.64783 | <urn:uuid:29b66050-01fb-40d0-a98e-b0ea1b77caee> | en | 0.921637 | Flowchart Example 1 The algorithm sums all the even ... - FTSM
Document Sample
Flowchart Example 1 The algorithm sums all the even ... - FTSM Powered By Docstoc
Flowchart Example 1:
The algorithm sums all the even numbers between 1 and 20 inclusive and then displays the sum. It uses
a repeat loop and contains a null else within the repeat loop.
The equivalent pseudocode is:
sum = 0
count = 1
IF count is even THEN sum = sum + count
count = count + 1
UNTIL count > 20
Some rules for flow charts
Well-drawn flow charts are easy to read. What must you do to draw well-drawn flow charts? Here are a
few rules:
a. Every flow chart has a START symbol and a STOP symbol
b. The flow of sequence is generally from the top of the page to the bottom of the page. This can
vary with loops which need to flow back to an entry point.
c. Use arrow-heads on connectors where flow direction may not be obvious.
d. There is only one flow chart per page
e. A page should have a page number and a title
f. A flow chart on one page should not break and jump to another page
g. A flow chart should have no more than around 15 symbols (not including START and STOP)
Flow Chart Example 2:
Draw a flowchart to find the sum of first 50 natural numbers.
Answer: The required flowchart is given in Fig. 1.
Fig. 2 Sum of first 50 natural numbers
Flow Chart Example 2
Draw a flowchart to find the largest of three numbers A, B, and C.
Fig 3 Flowchart for finding out the largest of three number
Flowchart Example 4
Draw a flowchart for computing factorial N (N!)
Where N! = 1?2?3?....N .
The required flowchart has been shown in fig 3
Fig 4 Flowchart for computing factorial N
Flowchart Example 5:
A product assembly team in a gaming machine manufacturer were looking for ways of building the
product more efficiently. They broke down the assembly process into a set of Flowcharts, showing how
sub-assemblies were made and then built into the final product. Analysis of the reel assembly process
revealed two improvements:
The kit of parts was already checked by the kit assembly line, who were sometimes careless, as they
knew the kit would be rechecked. The assembly line process was improved so the check here could be
removed. This saved over two minutes per reel in checking, and up to fifteen minutes when the kit was
Fitting the reel band after the reel had been attached to the base was awkward. Fitting the band before
the reel was attached to the base was more comfortable and saved about a minute per reel.
The process Flowcharts, before and after improvement, are shown in Fig. 5.
Fig 4 Flowchart for gaming machine manufacturer
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0.02528 | <urn:uuid:465909e8-8350-4987-8bb3-9b8617a70ca0> | en | 0.90291 | Zeiss 24mm f1.8 questions
Started 5 months ago | Discussions thread
ForumParentFirstPreviousNextNext unread
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Forum MemberPosts: 99Gear list
Zeiss 24mm f1.8 questions
5 months ago
Hey guys,
I recently got my a6000 + 20mm f2.8 lens, but I'm really interested in the Zeiss 24mm f1.8 lens. Most of my work is everyday/walkaround/street photography. The 20mm is a great lens since it's pocketable and has decent IQ. But I have some questions about it.
Btw: My ideal lens is 35mm(FF)
1) If i could pick any camera I would've picked the RX-1, but I really didn't want to spend too much, So my question is, How does a flagship APSC (A6000 or NEX) camera with this lens compares to the RX-1.
2) I know the IQ of this lens is brilliant, But I'm worried about the size, For street photography I enjoy light setup, 1 camera + 1 lens. Is the size and weight of this lens an issue?
The reason why I'm considering this lens is because I like having only one lens and since I shoot jpeg and apply my curves adjustment (I really enjoy simplicity), My files will have an improvement in terms of IQ not the quality of the photo of course.
Thank you guys, I'm open for any other recommendations you have!
phernandez's gear list:phernandez's gear list
Sony a6000 Sony E 20mm F2.8 Apple Aperture
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0.024895 | <urn:uuid:20ae5efd-ec34-42c6-abf6-1f5b63ef434c> | en | 0.952413 | Business schools
Back to school
Booming business-school applications
See article
Readers' comments
The perculiar sense of having that of a MBA up front to gain the monies for the making is always there.But it is not the way which is fared with in that of the Developing countries. When during the Recessionary period of time, the most enterprising lot will have the advantage over that of those who waited for assistence**
It does not mattered that having a MBA will be an advantage over others** It is Education enhencement that will help to speed up the economy as well the process of employment on other fields of study.Take for example the present down turn of that of Tourism, for which the need for better job opportunities afield. That of services of various kind or that of new sevices rendered.Not many of the Front Managers have attain any MBA's either**
I'd appreciate if you cited your sources adequately. why not post a link to the data, so we could have more details about the numbers?about the graph, you are plotting 2 line graphs with 2 different scales on the same chart. if they look mirrored, it's coincidence, it doesn't prove correlation. would you have the same effect if you plotted world or USA GDP growth ?
kitty cat
although it may be a good trendecy ,more and more MBA students try their best to find a well-paid job, but the situation is much more awful.
Oh great, now we have to put up with even more of these high paid, low value MBA managers.So if the graph trends continue, and the economies completely tank, we will have tons of MBA students trying to apply their skills while serving hamburgers at MacDonalds.
Raman Chopra
It is interesting to see how closely the "lowering of GDP in OECD" is tracked by an "increase in MBA Applications". It appears virtually simultaneous. Very often in industry (ours being crude refining & petrochemicals), it is usual to see similar correlations. Often, these come with a stagger in time of a six to twelve months. Despite specifics relevant to each industry, it is my opinion that there could be other factors that influence this including aspects like continuous shift to the services sector; receptivity to cross-border employment etc.
Suresh Balasubramanian
i don't think the increase will be upside in the coming years, for one reason, the intake standards will be(or will have to be) high in the near future, at the end of the day, though the applications are in good numbers, the intake numbers won't look that good.
Victory Wang
MBA is an attractive title at least in China, it to some extent means high salary, good reputation, upper socaial status.For the candidates of MBA school in China, one year's working experience is probably a must.In the class, practical examples will be discussed and analyzed, after graduation they are supposed to be a management staff directly instead of escalating step by step! MBA is an extraordinary group in China, for their admirable income and prospect.
Well, MBA has been hot for several years,and will remain so .WHY? Easy, eerybody is keen about making money, or any means that can help them to make money.It seems nobody learn for learning its own sake !
Er, economist you're wrong. Look at the data you've shown us, then look at the last two statements you make. Of the last two statements, the first (the right conclusion) contradicts the second (which in probability is the wrong conclusion).
They're also admitting more people with less work experience. Expect this to swing back in around between 5 and 10 years.
Well, some people get lay off when the economy is down. Not to waste time and think they can fare better with a MBA when the economy goes up again, they choose to go back to school. Who knows, they may find a future business partner from the classmates :)
Oh oh! The world is doing what the troubled Italian South has always done: if one can't find a job, keeps studying!
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0.252559 | <urn:uuid:a623e239-3134-48f2-b1d5-7c3a66c07d7e> | en | 0.96419 | China's space programme
Shooting the moon
After a successful Olympics, China’s next spectacular
See article
Readers' comments
Steve From CHINA
Why cannot Chian develop space technology?Don't criticize everything that China have done.
Your criticism shows that you fear China would a strong country and you are scared.
As far as I know,China is a peaceful country and Chinese people love peace.
Hey east wind,Do you reckon we have 假中國人呢, or 偽善真洋人here sometimes? The world has really changed, am amused somebody enjoys playing this, making saucy posts to stir the pot. Real Chinese no need to 不断轉換筆名 to disguise as Chinese. How interesting I think it is pathetic to do this. Believe or not, there are hints –they used to write ‘just’ few sentences, emphasising they are ‘young’ Chinese, or misspelt Chinese as chineese, or few words, or using the funny phrase like female dogs, to make people here to think... first, they don’t understand much English, so as to show they are Chinese, secondly, abusive comments , to show they are uncivilised, so as to stir the pot. But the most obvious, no concrete things provided in content, no data, no sources, not historic issues, no trace of their previous posts to any other topics, usually put just one post related China, no further discussion, no details of their claims. I identified them every time when there is China topic-in this shooting the moon, there are more than would know who they are just click on their pen names, and it is easy to single them from the real posters with opinions. I would say I have learned from many posters (like you, Daveycool, P_Summers, ricecake, the longestway...etc, we already know a bit of each others’ style, the discussions here are enjoyable to me, no matter we agree with each others’ view/opinion, the exchange have brought ideas, thus have purposes. Regarding the disguises (it could be the same person, but have different pen names-they are there just to stir up ‘hatred’, you can easily identify them, so you won’t waste your time to reply.
I think it's very disappointing that this great achievement is marred by the food scandals, first the milk then the sweets...It kind of draws back the reality that China is still a developing country with much work to do in terms of infrastructure and policy implementation, despite the strong image that it projects.And what was that about 'Taiwan First, then Mars'?
It's so amazing that you really understand our concern.
Acturally, most Chinese are very sofisticated. We don't hate American people. But we really dislike the hawks in American government. They are the policy makers and they engage the whole world in a vicious circle of arm race. This is not what No.1 is supposed to do. No.1 should be a parent and a judge among his children. Force should only be used when conflict occurs among children. That was also what China used to do during its golden age.
Before we give comment on other countries, we should examine ours. Be objective, be human and try to understand each other.
I quote what I said in my previous post.
Be objective. The resources in this planet is not sufficient for every human being to share. Thus, interest is always the key among different countries. Conflict or war would still exist even if there is only democracy in this world.
Be human. Try to share the feeling of each other. Read some history of China. If you were once bullied by others, you would cherish and worship military power much more than before. This is human nature. Consider hundreds of thousands of victims and their families in Iraq. Guess what they are thinking about right now. Still, the leaders of "authoritarian" countries like Iran, Syria, North korea, Venezuela，Cuba, and us China.America really set a bad example. It is America, the biggest democratic country, that sends its troop worldwide and uses bombs to teach others. And it is still America who opened Pandora's box and engage us in this vicious cirlce of arm race. Every country is the potential enemy of another. But it is obvious that America is the biggest possibility.
Just because China is doing something that others have done before doesn't make it frivolous. Have the Americans or the Russians shared their technology with everyone? India and Japan are going after space technology as well, would the same guys frowning upon China's recent forays into space please just criticize the Indians and Japanese preemptively?I just don't understand why it's a bad thing if a country tries to upgrade its technology. What is so wrong?By the way, I think that the Cold War played out relatively peacefully if you think about what would have happened if the USSR had primacy. Would the United States have survived? Arms races are sometimes a bit dangerous but the competition accelerates research and development of new technologies. A space race should be far less dangerous but would benefit all humankind.I just don't see why space tech is so good if it's only the West doing it but it's suddenly very bad if China does it.
Mr. Andrew
Why should China challenge the First? (the USA) Why shouldn't China do like the rest of the world (EU, Japan, Taiwan, Australia, etc...) Cooperating with the First?It is so nice to be in peace and be everybody friend of each other! Why should china fight/challenge on whatever field?
Any country that thinks it can go for being number one should try to. Imagine if someone told America to stop. Luckily for us, America never stopped. Yankee ingenuity brought us the airplane, computers, and we wouldn't be discussing important matters on the Internet if America just sat back and mellowed out.Japan failed to become number one but in the process of trying brought benefits to the World. They improved the VCR, faxmachines, TV, higher quality cars, the CD and DVD -- only the latter two were actual Japanese inventions by the way, I don't hear people complaining that Japan never did original things. Japan copied the vast majority of things that it is currently identified with. During that quest to be number one, America had a few unkind words for Japan but so what? japan trudged ahead anyways.To tell China that going for the top is a shameful "face" thing is just ridiculous. Would you tell your child to settle for "good enough"? That poor child's full potential would never be realized. China must go for number one and must keep trying. The economic benefits will follow, guaranteed. Besides the human potential of 1.3 billion people is a terrible thing to waste. If America is only 5% of the world population and still has achieved so much, can you imagine four times the potential benefit? I cannot fathom the idea of telling a fifth of the World, that China represents, that their efforts to attain the top is just a "face" thing. What rubbish!
No one has put it better than Chairman Mao, "we support whatever our enemy oppose, and we oppose whatever our enemy support".
Will Lee
very well ,
I can't agree more.
As it know to all,chinese is a great people,is a frendly people,is a kind people.If you had gone to china at once.You will never fail to see the beautiful heart of common chinese(besides special evil). I proud of being China.If you don't\did't experient that,well,shut up!Hold your tongue!
However,welcome to china. Better later than never.
One more point to add.
Space research is not a mission only for is of strategic importance although it incurs contraversy from other countries.
We Chinese have become more sensible and realistic. Any waste of money woule be criticized by public.
I do wonder what purpose do these billion dollar projects serve? Especially when countries like china and india which has millions of people who dont have even access to clean water,spend their money on these "cool" achievements!
Hey the longestway, would you be kind enough to write the Chinese name of Hou Yi? for me, I like the story, so romantic, I have heard the story regarding the mooncake...please don't shoot the moon...
China must review its defense posture to ensure that it isn't doing anything that can be misinterpreted as provocative. I do not know if Diayutai or Senkaku for example really sits on a large pool of oil as some think. Perhaps co-operation with the Japanese would be prudent. On the other hand I do not understand the issue enough regarding this island.
China must also cajole North Korea into giving up its nuclear ambitions. True, North Korea's desire to have a nuclear arsenal can be attributed to the (bewildering) branding of it as one of the Axis of Evil nations in the immediate aftermath of 9-11, it is nevertheless good for China to remove another excuse for Japan to throw away its pacifist constitution and generally good for the region.
Ironically, Taiwan's best chance for peace is never to declare independence. I have always thought that it was insane for Taiwan to want anything other than closer ties with the Mainland. True, there's the problem of freedom that seems incompatible with the Mainland but Beijing had offered Taiwan very nearly everything, even keeping Taiwan's own military. It's not difficult to think that the democracy that Taiwan enjoys can continue. It's a little regretful thinking about how much Taiwan has squandered since the early '90s with regards to its relationship with the Mainland. Taiwan can actually change the Mainland if only it took the chance.
Your comments are always objective.
Before we give comment on other countries, we should examine ours. Be objective, be human and try to understand each other.Bias can only mess up the matter.
As I said, China with its huge population is sure to be a great country. This is fate, not face. A country with 1.3 billion should play its role and make its contribution to the mankind.
East Wind,The Manhattan Project was one that is considered to be a nett positive for PR. There is a few others that were done in secret that were shamefully wrong -- one that comes to mind is the Tuskeegee Syphilis Experiment. Americans of African decent (real Americans! real humans!) infected with syphilis were experimented on from the years between 1932 to 1972 -- 40 years! Doctors never intended to treat these men, they were told to observe what syphilis would do to humans -- at least they considered these African-Americans humans... ironic!When a whistle-blower broke the news the Public Health Service sounded unrepentant. PHS stated that the sick men were always happy to see doctors, and had been volunteers (to which representation of the "treatment"?) etc.I'm not saying that just because America has done it China can do it too. What I'm saying is why does China get the suspicion when America doesn't?I am reminded of the badly mistaken idea of racial profiling in crime-fighting. When the police assumed that African-Americans were generally more likely to commit crimes, the entire race got more scrutiny. Naturally, the police would catch more criminals who were of African decent even though whites may just have the same tendency to commit crimes -- the resources were concentrated in that direction. The white criminals got away with it more often than the African ones. This reinforces the "statistic" that African-Americans commit more crimes than white-AmericansThe whole sad thing has a major impact on other aspects of life in the African-American community. The African-American community, in general, trust the police a lot less, banks lend them less money, employers tend to mistrust them, even school teachers have an unconscious tendency to treat the African-American children as having a higher propensity to do wrong and they get more desperate because of very diminished opportunities, etc. All because of racial profiling.China gets this kind of attention on a national level, I think.
"A lot of them are graduate from US top school who *should be* leading a elitist life in US. Of course life in the spacing city is not poor(enjoyable in some prospect), but coming to this another world itself is a great devote"-thanks to let us know T1t0n, China will have a bright future because of these devoted people.
Am I supposed to talk on topic? I forgot..hahaI know for sure that Chinese space tech is decades behind U.S.'s. I know that U.S. would not sell, not to mention give, tech to us. And I know even if Chinese have developed such high level technology, U.S. can easily made it avalible to every human, with no charge, or maybe the photocopying expence.The only way out is to do research on our own, probably with tiny help from Russia or E.U., but after all it is Chinese scientists who contribute 99%.Thanks those technologists, scientists ,soliders , taikonauts(astronauts) and ordinary workers who devoted their whole prime time working in the middle of a huge desert. A lot of them are graduate from US top school who *should be* leading a elitist life in US. Of course life in the spacing city is not poor(enjoyable in some prospect), but coming to this another world itself is a great devote.
How Obama, a black, gets to become a presidential candidate in the one of the racist countries in the world, as the chinese posters have suggested, will remain a mystery to us forever. Obviously in China there is no racial issues and Chinese love the Africans, except those who attend the universities there. Also google and read what the South African Labour minster said about Chinese employers' abuse of African workers in South Africa recently. He sounded like a racist criticizing fellow racists. Get off your high horse, people.
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User avatar #21 - mrgoodlove (04/02/2013) [-]
This is actually the last newspaper the dog on Married with Children brought him before he died. Ed keeps the newspaper as a reminder of how close he was to the dog.
#29 to #21 - thenameschuck (04/02/2013) [-]
O god the ******** in here is dense, this is a prop new-paper shows and movies use so no one can pull off a lawsuit for not having their permission to be in the show/movie. may have to enlarge
User avatar #30 to #29 - mrgoodlove (04/02/2013) [-]
**** man... why you gotta ruin my story?!
User avatar #31 to #30 - thenameschuck (04/02/2013) [-]
Because i am here to ruin everyones story, because what you said had to much bull **** in it
User avatar #32 to #31 - mrgoodlove (04/02/2013) [-]
There was a little horse **** and some traces of chicken **** too!
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0.09676 | <urn:uuid:e86a55b3-10b1-4140-92d1-c882b55307ac> | en | 0.886644 | SimCity Creator - Wii
Game Description:Finally, a game that lets you build a city entirely out of cake! The first SimCity on the Wii takes the game in a new direction. The Wii Remote allows a first for the franchise: the ability to build curvy roads. Plus, the game will automatically carve out zoning to match your wild design. Mission Mode takes you through the learning curve of everything from destroying a city or saving it from an alien invasion to building a city out of desserts! Thirty-two different hero buildings await you, including the Waterfall of Fruit and a Crystal Palace. What's more, each hero building will change other buildings in the nearby area to fit their theme.
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0.387802 | <urn:uuid:c1124e91-b115-496c-b5d9-75ebc84e53e2> | en | 0.912221 |
I really hope it's not still 4 way running
#1SteadyingMeatPosted 1/9/2013 12:48:23 AM
And by the I mean you can only run up, down, left and right. There's an analog stick this time around so it really shouldn't be like that, but in the forest area in the trailer, I noticed that this kinda seems to be the case still. Hopefully they were just using the dpad for that part.
#2deevo117Posted 1/9/2013 12:50:02 AM
Honestly, it simplifies a lot of things that way so I wouldn't be surprised if they stuck to it. I am sure they'll find a use for the circle pad though.
Like imagine rotating the camera during battle? Cool cool cool.
Pokemon Diamond FC -Name:Broskie - 0088 0032 6515 Pokemon Platinum FC - Name:Brohan - 4126 1664 9399
Pokemon White FC - Name Broheim - 1506 7007 0431
#3jonsono2Posted 1/9/2013 1:52:27 AM
Imagine riding your bike with full 360 degree movement :o
#4MileRunPosted 1/9/2013 1:59:25 AM
Don't get your hopes up. Cliffs, water, and patches of grass still appear to be arranged in the same grid format as before, and we haven't seen anybody face a non-cardinal direction from a straight-on camera angle yet.
Scientist MileRun: WaRy associate | http://www.gamefaqs.com/boards/696959-pokemon-x/65133809 | dclm-gs1-168320001 | false | false | {
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0.025187 | <urn:uuid:8bd89364-d1c5-4506-84f1-266ca12b11a1> | en | 0.983826 | Do I Look Fat in This?
Fashion Is King
Even when I was a little girl, I knew exactly how I felt about clothes: I loved them! I had my favorite T-shirt (cowgirl riding a horse), and I wasn't afraid to tell whoever was in charge of dressing me exactly what I wanted to wear. I knew instinctively as I grew older what I wanted to put on my body, and it was usually determined by what felt good. Cotton, good. Polyester, bad. And for a while it was that simple... comfort was king. Then I hit those invariably rough preteen years, and my attitude toward clothing changed completely.
I had already started to dislike my body at 11 and was dieting regularly by 12, and so by the time the fashion-conscious years of 13 and 14 came around, I identified clothes as a dire necessity that impacted my everyday existence as a teenager. I saw clothes in two shades: those that fit and those that didn't. And so I began my love affair with sizing and numbers before I had even mastered long division.
I became attached to the sizes of clothing that other people wore; studying their shapes, guessing what size was printed on their jeans labels. I became a pop culture connoisseur of fashion trends, running out to buy gummy bracelets, jelly shoes, neon prints, and mesh tops.
Even in all of my body consciousness I was realistically aware that I didn't possess the long, lean legs that made the hottest jeans look so good on the models. I knew that though other girls could get away with not wearing bras under their shirts, I had to find clothing that was made for a girl with boobs. I knew how to dress my young curves, and I would spend hours in front of the mirror at night trying on different combinations. I lived for my friends' declarations each morning at school. "Cute outfit!" It was almost as addictive as hearing "You've lost weight!"
But no matter how creative I got and no matter how hard I tried to stay current, it seemed like I could never stay on top of the trends for long. There would always be some girl who had a cuter purse, or some fad that started just as I was stockpiling last season's look. I didn't understand that the fashion for my youth was being driven by a larger industry, one that made a boatload of money on girls like me trying so hard to keep up with the times.
The deeper I got into my love of fashion and the more curves I developed, the harder it became to shop for "girly" clothes. I found myself at the larger end of the junior section before I faced the fact that I had to look in the "misses" department. Then a miracle would happen (well, a diet miracle, anyway) and I would shed a few pounds and find myself back in juniors. The bouncing I did between the world of juniors and misses was actually a larger metaphor for my entire relationship with being a woman. I was in constant flux about where I wanted to be in life—a little girl or a growing woman.
Clothing Is an Emotional Costume
Clothing projects how you feel about yourself, your body, your relationships, your dreams and desires. You dress for success, for love, for friendship, to impress, to alienate, to rebel, to intimidate, to seduce, to fool, to bond, and to make a statement.
And yet how many of you are afraid to go into your closets? Do you behave as if the small sliver of space where you hang your clothes is the ultimate keeper of your demons? For some it is. For others, it chronicles all of the breakups and breakthroughs of life.
Here is the truth: Our bodies change! For good or bad, they do. Your body won't look exactly the way it did at 18, and while it doesn't mean that you aren't allowed to be concerned if you think you've gotten out of shape or something, it does mean that you can stop trying to step back into seven-year-old wardrobe options and expect the same results. Would you want to go back and date the boyfriend you had at 18? (Not me!) Try to look at your clothing the same way: It's served its purpose, but for you to still try to hold on to it tells me you are not focusing on who you are today. You can't go back to old clothing to try to relive some past experience. None of us can be physically frozen in time. We are living, evolving beings.
You're Already in Your Real Body
The attachment to needing to wear a certain size is similar to the attachment to being a certain weight. It is limiting and random and pointless. Everyone's body is different and unique. The twists, turns, dimples, dents, and wrinkles vary for everyone. Yet on some strange level you are all striving to be the same size—and that size is whatever you deem to be "skinny" enough. For some it is a 0. For others a 14. And there is incredible pressure on women to buy into this sliding scale of self-worth. No one's life ended because they couldn't fit into last year's jeans. But many people's lives have ended in the pursuit of that perfect elusive weight and size, the number that seems like it would solve all of our problems.
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0.333006 | <urn:uuid:3d5807d1-f03f-451b-8386-d4370a822013> | en | 0.937987 | iVillage Member
Registered: 08-04-2001
Tue, 05-24-2011 - 10:32am
Here is a condition that apparently can be easily misdiagnosed as a mental illness. The patient can be withdrawn, seeming semi-catatonic, hearing things, and having panic attacks. They may be senitive to positions, feeling like they are on a boat. The symptoms can be mild or severe, and they are not all the same in everyone. Some patients may develop hearing loss which can also be mistaken for mental illness.
The problem is actually Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence (SSCD)
And, you can read more about it here: Hearing Things. Disengaged. Panic Attacks. Mental? Or Medical Illness?
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0.030511 | <urn:uuid:be9298eb-ff33-4a3d-b968-dec84301281a> | en | 0.869603 | Deshawn Smith
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0.050391 | <urn:uuid:642bd4ee-3299-491a-aac1-ce793767493f> | en | 0.919144 | Alice Ghostley Movies and Career Information
Alice Ghostley profile image
Aug 14, 1926
Alice Margaret Ghostley was an American actress. She was best known for her roles as nanny/aide de camp Esmeralda on Bewitched, as Cousin Alice on Mayberry R.F.D., and as Bernice Clifton on Designing Women, for which she received an Emmy Nomination for Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series in 1992. Ghostley was also a regular on the James Garner-Margot Kidder NBC western Nichols and the critically acclaimed variety series The Julie Andrews Hour.
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0.022722 | <urn:uuid:5ef88817-43fe-414c-9c4b-5cf7153a2df5> | en | 0.975456 |
Who has a glass of wine? No bashing please
(187 Posts)
Mamabear12 Sun 05-May-13 14:09:21
I have a glass of wine once a week. A small glass and I feel guilty about this. Although, the midwife said this is fine. With my first I had a glass prob once a month. I was more strict. Also, this time around I have coffee (one cup made at home) every other day. I feel guilty about that as well.
Please list how often you drink either wine or coffee. If you don't drink either at all, no need to post please.
Mamabear12 Sun 05-May-13 22:56:50
Usankmybattleship, I feel guilty about many things. Its in my personality to worry and feel guilty. I feel guilty to let my baby cry for a minute when I put her down for nap, but she never cries more then a minute and goes right to sleep for an hour or two. I know drinking a glass of wine is different or q cup of coffee, but I don't think it does harm. I know many people who have done the same. In fact my mother in law drank a few times a week and during her first two pregnancies (she is 70 and a lot of women in her time did). And her sons are all fine. I think I feel guilty about it bc we are made to feel guilty about these things.
I agree with changenametoday. I think a glass here and there is fine.
Mamabear12 Sun 05-May-13 23:03:45
Teaandflwpjacks, the only reason I said that was because I didn't want a lot of posts saying "I don't drink wine or coffee etc" bc I'm curious about the people who do drink and how much...not really about who doesn't drink. But of course if you don't drink it's okay to post smile I just wanted to get some responses from coffee drinkers and people who drink wine and not only people who don't drink. I guess I'm just curious about others
yousankmybattleship Sun 05-May-13 23:07:21
Please don't use that old chestnut that previous generations drank/smoked etc and had healthy babies. Your MIL might have been lucky, but plenty weren't.
If you genuinely feel you are doing nothing wrong, then what is the point of your post?
I think in your heart of hearts though you know you would be more responsible to have no alcohol or caffeine and that is why you are feeling guilty.
mrspaddy Sun 05-May-13 23:09:37
I had no tea or coffee for first trimester but have one coffee each morning. No alcohol though.. prob not a bad thing.. my liver is getting a break. I drink de-alcoholised wine which is rotten
Helpyourself Sun 05-May-13 23:15:52
I'm a recovering alcoholic.
When I was pregnant, a long time ago, I drank the then recommended amount, which was a glass a day. It wasn't 125 ml, probably more like 200. I never drank more, probably because although my alcoholism wasn't active then I guess I was already on the slippery slope. All children were big and full term and all are NT and very bright. (I can safely say that now as they are almost grown up, selective secondaries, high IQs etc.)
I beat myself up about a lot- enforced early bedtimes so I could crack on, grumpiness etc. but even with my history I don't worry about the drinking in pregnancy.
TheSecondComing Sun 05-May-13 23:25:22
Message withdrawn at poster's request.
Helpyourself Sun 05-May-13 23:25:39
To clarify- I was lucky. I'm not suggesting that the guidelines now are too strict. Just for me ^because if how it turned out all three times* I don't feel guilt about the amount I drank.
Featherbag Sun 05-May-13 23:26:12
I'm 9 weeks at the minute and willing the next 3 weeks to pass quickly so can have my glass of red on a Saturday night! I did this from 12 weeks during my first pregnancy, I'd make DH go and choose a REALLY nice bottle of red so I could make a glass lasts couple of hours. He doesn't complain, I don't normally condone the purchase of wine costing more than £5 a bottle!
Anyway, there are studies published and ongoing that have linked the consumption of a small weekly amount of red wine from week 12 of pregnancy to higher IQ and fewer behavioural problems in children. So I'm actually drinking the wine for my DC's sake, not because I want to. So there. wink
fatandlumpy Mon 06-May-13 05:59:35
I have a large mug of a coffee every morning and I have 'wee tasties' 3/4 times a week of whatever the boyf is drinking (beer or wine). I'm now 28 weeks (ish). During the first tri the only booze I drank really were a couple of 'wee tasties' and a glass of Champagne at Christmas and New Year (both of which lasted the full night...). I also had a sip of whisky at New Year. Oh yes - Boyf got me a random 1/2 Guinness once - but I couldn't finish it.
Every couple of weeks or so we go out for a Sunday pub roast and then I have 1/2 a lager (there's a CAMRA pub virtually next door which does an exquisite black lager (on draft) at 4% ABV). I usually can't finish the half - but it's sooooooo gooooood and lasts me the entire meal. No-one batters an eye lid when I drink it - but then again, I'm not quaffing it down...
I also drink 0% beer (either Becks blue or Bitburger Drive) as I like the taste of beer and so I do miss it. I have about 1 or 2 bottles after a harsh day (work about 14 hrs a day when busy... in higher education and I teach medical/veterinary science and pure science students... about drugs and biochemistry so 'flame away' if you wish...)
Recently the boyf found a 1% cider in Waitrose for me - which I had with a meal (huge ploughmans) when we didn't go out for Sunday lunch.
Totes-amaze-balls. Couldn't finish the bottle - but it was damn nice.
I'll leave you with some advice my Mum gave me... your body knows best. Eat what you want, when you want. Do what you want, when you want to. Everything else is 'advice'. It's your body, your pregnancy and your baby.
KingRollo Mon 06-May-13 06:22:01
Message withdrawn at poster's request.
fatandlumpy Mon 06-May-13 07:05:30
Ooooooooh KingRollo - many thanks. I'll keep an eye out or perhaps send the OH out on a quest.
Featherbag Mon 06-May-13 07:43:40
Erdinger's lovely, tastes like real beer - Sainsburys sell it! And Morrisons sells alcohol-free Kopparberg, which tastes exactly like the real thing. Never be tempted by alcohol free wine though, tis Devil's piss.
LouiseD29 Mon 06-May-13 10:04:39
After I found out I was pg I didn't drink alcohol or tea/coffee/coke in the first trimester(apart from a small prosecco on New Year's Eve). Now I'm nearing my third I drink tea and have the odd sip of wine. I never really have as much as even a whole small glass, not because I particularly think I shouldn't but because after four or five sips it just feels like enough. My only craving has been ice cold beer, so after my successful 22 week scan I had a cold bottle of Becks to celebrate - it was delicious!!!
honey86 Mon 06-May-13 11:04:26
i havent had a drop and im14 weeks. . i intend to have a small wine on holiday though, ill be 30 weeks x
Teaandflapjacks Mon 06-May-13 11:05:00
kingrollo i second that - I live in germany and drink that whenever I have wanted a drink - tis wonderful stuff, low cal and isotonic. Obviously it has some alcohol in it - i think 0.05%, but so does things like orange juice in your fridge etc - just very minimal (i guess that would be like 0.01%). I also helped anyone i know suffering in 1st trimester from being unable to 'go' on the loo shift everything out. They swear by that here to help with that.
mrsmellow Mon 06-May-13 12:26:05
It is interesting to hear what other people do - but I think you have to do what feels right for you. I deliberately didn't really drink caffeine or alcohol between weeks 6-10 as that is when the most crucial development occurs - thats not based on scientific evidence, just what felt right to me - and I was feeling sick until about 13 weeks so didn't really have much for the few weeks after that either, but not by choice!
Since then I have had a delicious cup of coffee a day (it is strong proper coffee) which I really enjoy - the evidence is there for too much caffeine causing IUGR so that seems reasonable to me. I have had a glass of red wine once or twice a week with dinner with friends/DH which I really enjoy. I don't feel guilty and as someone said up thread - anxiety and stress is bad for the baby as well. But for some women, that might be an unacceptable risk and that's ok too - read the literature and make a decision for yourself.
ExpatAl Mon 06-May-13 12:40:33
That is when quite a lot of crucial development happens mrs mellow, but there is also crucial development of the brain and nervous system much later into the pregnancy. There is no 'safe' period. I'm not saying that to stop people drinking - everyone makes their own decision. Anxiety and stress such as coping with abuse or living in a warzone is harmful. Not having a drink unless you're an alcoholic isn't in the same league. Does caffeine cause IUGR? I thought that was linked to problems with the placenta and some diseases?
Abra1d Mon 06-May-13 12:45:33
Two small glasses of wine a week in both pregnancies, after week 12. Two healthy, bright children.
Drank coffee, too, just not in such quantities as before pregnancy.
Petcat Mon 06-May-13 17:14:29
I drink one cup of caffeinated tea every day, and have enjoyed between one and two units of alcohol a week throughout my pregnancy. One of my major cravings has been for stout and porter, so I usually have a little 1/3rd of a pint glass of good beer and really savour the taste.
I have read as much of the relevant research about alcohol and pregnancy as I can access. I think the risk posed by very light drinking is incredibly small and feel no guilt whatsoever about occasionally enjoying a tiny amount. To be honest, I'm amazed how judgemental people can be about this issue.
There was an excellent paper recently published in the Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, which found drinking less than 2 units a week has no detrimental impact on the behavioural and emotional development of children. In fact, at age 7, the children of light drinkers had better reading and spatial skills than the children of the abstainers. Once social and environmental factors were controlled for, drinking alcohol in pregnancy was simply found to have no effect, either positive or negative, on a child's eventual wellbeing. Link here
cwtchontoast Mon 06-May-13 21:19:03
I have a bottle or a half of later once or twice a week, coffee smells great to me, but gives me heartburn although I drink pop most days so I'm probably still full of caffeine.
cwtchontoast Mon 06-May-13 21:19:45
Later? I meant lager dammit.
Bunnylion Mon 06-May-13 22:23:28
I have up to 2 coffee plus 2 teas per day. For alcohol up to 2 glasses of wine a week, I'm only drinking wine and champagne now so no spirits.
However I did initially find out that I was pregnant just before Christmas, after a couple of heavy very drunken works party's!
It's good to search and be aware of the dangers but endless worrying wont do you or your baby any good.
Bunnylion Mon 06-May-13 22:24:04
*research, not search.
Thingiebob Mon 06-May-13 22:27:04
I don't smoke/drink or take drugs in pregnancy although I do drink plenty of coffee. At first I cut down on caffeine intake but have noticed it has crept back up again.
Am past caring now as have been informed baby is huge plus I am overdue.
mumoftwoboysS Tue 07-May-13 12:40:50
Agree with changenametoday we are constantly told what we an and can't have and made to feel guilty about it.
I have my daily small (but proper machine) coffee and one cafienated tea a day (sometimes 2) I tried decaf coffee in Costa and its horrid so if I know I'm going to go there I'll forfeit my morning coffee so I can enjoy a proper one later.
Mamabear12Try not to feel guilty- doesn't sound like you're being excessive. I had maybe a glass of wine every couple of weeks with my last pregnancy. I will probably do the same once I'm in my 2nd tri with this one (don't feel like it yet and would rather wait till riskier 1st tri is over)
My DH is also very disapproving re coffee and alcohol so I tend not to bother as he gives me so much grief hmm
my philosophy is enjoy the odd glass of wine if you like it and with coffee and tea? I think you'd have to hae 5 or 6 a day to be doing any harm (or more) my SIL drank about that much every day and all three of her kids are fine and healthy!
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0.210625 | <urn:uuid:f769da31-74e1-4edb-872b-5b7e8f3d76a5> | en | 0.959155 | Infertility Out in the Open
Despite its prevalence, infertility is still cloaked in shame and misinformation. But people who face fertility isssues are learning that it's okay to speak up, share their stories, and know that they're far from alone. Photo: Shutterstock
About four million women will give birth in the U.S. this year. Pregnancy and its attendant hormonal changes have varying effects on moms-to-be and their mental health. And a wave of research on the importance of the fetal environment shows its long term impact on physical and psychological development. | http://www.psychologytoday.com/collections/201407/infertility-out-in-the-open | dclm-gs1-168920001 | false | false | {
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0.117267 | <urn:uuid:7d4c3321-8d49-4cf1-980f-7e8a633b8db9> | en | 0.977755 | Justice missing in wrongful life cases
By Richard Ackland
May 12, 2006
AMID all the worries about the constitutionality of the corporations power's latest little love child, WorkChoices, it is amazing that the High Court managed this week to deliver its decision in the anxiously awaited "wrongful life" cases.
The corporations power is a snack compared to the importation of religion, morality, metaphysics and logic into the legal principles involved in determining whether someone who might not have been born at all, had their mother's doctor not been negligent, can be compensated for severe disabilities because they had in fact been born. What a field day.
Alexia Harriton, 25, and Keeden Waller, 5, were born terribly disabled. Alexia's mother had German measles while pregnant. Her doctor did not diagnose rubella and did not prescribe a follow-up blood test. Importantly, he did not advise her there would be a very high risk her child would be born with abnormalities. Alexia is blind, deaf, mentally retarded, suffers from spasticity and requires constant care.
Keeden was born after his parents underwent IVF. However, his father had a genetic condition that was not investigated by the IVF doctors and was passed on to the child, resulting in permanent brain damage, cerebral palsy and uncontrolled seizures.
Suing in their own right, the two children sought damages against the doctors. With only two of the 11 judges who grappled with these claims in three courts being on the side of the angels, the forces arrayed on the side of darkness must have been pretty formidable.
The problem was that in a claim for compensation the law seeks to quantify the damage against an identifiable benchmark, which would normally be the condition of the claimant before an injury. However, a "wrongful life" case involves comparing the value of a disabled life with no life at all, because had the doctors not been negligent the probability is that these two foetuses would have been legally aborted.
The law would require proof that in these circumstances you would be better off not being born. And not too many judges want to go there.
The majority throughout thought it is not possible to compare existence with non-existence, and so it is therefore impossible to quantify any loss. That is why Alexia and Keeden failed.
In examining this argument Justice Michael Kirby cited Ludwig Wittgenstein's view of existence: "Death is not an event of life. Death is not lived through."
What the majority position fails to accommodate is that there is a new modern order. Medical technology can detect abnormalities at very early stages of the development of a foetus. Good medical practice regularly results in the non-existence of human beings. What has been created by way of Alexia and Keeden is precisely what the doctors were engaged to prevent being created.
The High Court majority was not prepared to push the set-and-dried principles further. The black-letter brigade screamed at the court in 2003 for allegedly taking the law into new territory in the "wrongful birth" case of Cattanach v Melchior, where it was found that a wife and mother whose sterilisation operation was unsuccessful could recover damages for the financial requirements that flowed from the birth of a healthy child.
The new judge on the block, Justice Susan Crennan, wrote the lead reasons in these two "wrongful life" cases, getting into some contentious water in the process. She said these disabilities are only one dimension of humanity: "… every human life, within its circumstances and limitations, is characterised by an enigmatic and ever-changing mixture of pain and pleasure related to [biological] needs."
Justice Kirby, in the minority of one, cut through the artifice - the comparison with non-existence is a fiction, a creature of legal reasoning. The upshot is that the medical practitioners who were neglectful and caused damage have escaped "scot-free" and the law countenances this outcome.
A final wrinkle. If Alexia's and Keeden's parents had sued for damages in their own names there was every prospect of success. Yet it was too late for them to do that because the limitation period had gone.
And some people think that the Work Choices case is depressing.
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Ask the Doctor About Bedwetting
If your pediatrician doesn't ask you about your bedwetting child, ask your pediatrician. Some doctors think parents will bring it up, says Howard Bennett, MD, clinical professor of pediatrics at George Washington University Medical Center in Washington, D.C., practicing pediatrician, and author of Waking Up Dry. Some parents don't think it's a medical problem, or their child doesn't want them to bring it up. As a result, he says, "parents and doctors are not always talking about this."
But if you do, your pediatrician will tell you that bedwetting is very common and declines with age. While 20% of 5-year-olds are bedwetters, 10% of 6-year-olds are and just 3% of 12-year-olds, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics. Bedwetting tends to run in families. If both parents wet the bed as kids, their child has an 80% chance of wetting the bed.
Your pediatrician may also tell you that you have a range of strategies to resolve bedwetting: From letting nature take its course and waiting for your child to outgrow bedwetting, to the use of a bedwetting product such as protective underwear or bedwetting alarms, to medicine or other treatments.
Understand the Causes of Bedwetting
Parents can get frustrated with their bedwetting child. Some think their child is being lazy or is wetting the bed for spite. Yet neither is true, says Bennett. Some cases are due to medical problems, trauma, or stress. But most of the time it's just delayed maturation. As the child matures, the message sent from the brain to the bladder to pee or not to pee becomes more reliable.
"The overwhelming majority of people, once they understand why the kids are doing it -- that it's physiologic -- not the parent's fault, not the child's fault, they can relax," Bennett says.
When you understand the causes, it's a lot easier to be patient and understanding, agrees Jane, 45, of Bethesda, Md., whose youngest of three children, Billy, now 10, wet the bed. | http://www.webmd.com/parenting/bedwetting-solutions-12/parent-tips | dclm-gs1-169410001 | false | false | {
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0.132667 | <urn:uuid:fef733cc-5e0b-4159-b833-7ebe19a14624> | en | 0.94332 | LOS ANGELES—It's been called, sometimes derisively, a collection of 72 suburbs in search of a city.
Here is a modest list of just five:
The intersection of Hollywood and Highland is the crossroads for the Hollywood Walk of Fame, where more than 2,400 terrazzo-and-brass stars containing the biggest names in the entertainment business can be viewed by just walking down the sidewalk. You'll find everyone from Clark Gable to Johnny Depp, Marilyn Monroe to Meryl Streep. You can also gaze upon a lot of people in that neighborhood who are dressed up to look just like some of the stars, especially Marilyn. But if you take their pictures they'll want money, so stop by instead at the courtyard to the famous Chinese Theatre. There you'll find the stars' names, and their hand and footprints, immortalized in concrete.
Last stop, appropriately enough, should be the Hollywood Forever cemetery. While some burial grounds frown on tourists wandering around looking for stars' graves, this one, featured in the 2010 film "Valentine's Day," does not. It even has a map on its website telling you just where to find the final resting places for punk-rocker Johnny Ramone, director John Huston and dozens of others. For details, check out www.walkoffame.com, www.tclchinesetheatres.com and www.hollywoodforever.com
With more than 50 miles (80 kilometers) of free hiking trails, many of them winding through chaparral-covered canyons and over hillsides, Griffith Park bills itself as the largest urban wilderness in the United States. While the zoo and some of the park's other attractions charge admission, the world-famous Griffith Observatory does not. Nighttime visitors are free to check out the moon and stars through its powerful telescopes, while those arriving during the day can safely gaze at the sun. Or they can just walk outside to take in some of the city's best views of the iconic Hollywood Sign. Details: www.laparks.org/dos/parks/griffithpk.
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Home » Why the Winged Whale Flipped Us Off
Why the Winged Whale Flipped Us Off
Christopher Moore has tapped into the weird and wonderful in every book, and Fluke is no exception. From middle-aged “action nerd” Nate Quinn with his angst over and attraction to nubile research assistant Amy, the joyously strange blond Rasta stoner Kona ( Preston Applebaum), and marine photographer Clay and his “pirate booty” girlfriend Claire, Moore has woven another sleigh-ride through the land of odd.
Nate is in Maui researching whale behavior, specifically, why humpback whales sing. So what is he supposed to think when he spots a humpback male whose flukes sport the legend “Bite Me”? Someone is so threatened by his research that they trash his office, format his hard drives, sink Clay’s boat and cause his only photo of the fluke graffiti to vanish. And why does the Old Broad who provides his funding insist he needs to take a pastrami sandwich with hot mustard along on his next dive?
If you haven’t run into Moore before, be warned! Nothing is sacred, everything is fair game for his humor. I guarantee you’ll howl over the tale of why Nate’s ex-wife became a lesbian… (The last time I was taken over the edge so uncontrollably was when I read the turkey-bowling scene in Moore’s Bloodsucking Fiends.) It’s not what you expect; in fact, it’s nothing you can expect. Just strap in for the ride.
Infinity Plus has a brief review that takes the Fluke story much too seriously, IMHO. Moore has a better squib at his “official web site”. And Rick Kleffel warns us to scroll over the Amazon booklist review “unless you want it ruined.”
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0.11885 | <urn:uuid:d0c7ee4c-68e8-4ca4-8194-42166e176c70> | en | 0.918655 | HOME > Chowhound > Cheese >
Wacky Cheese & Microwave Action
1- Select glass plate
2- spread out a pile of shredded cheese (cheap sharp cheddar works)
3- sprinkle garlic seasoning
4- microwave EXACTLY 2 minutes (yes, it almost burns)
5- nudge at it with the tip of your very, very clean fingernail (use a butter knife if squeamish) it should happily lift off the dish it a squidgy, lightly greasy, bright orange sheet
6- Now roll it up, and eat before it cools too much
I think it's odd, but not as odd as when I do it with grated Parmesan. That somehow seems gourmet.
What other weird things are done in a microwave that I haven't tried?
1. Click to Upload a photo (10 MB limit)
1. if you put a peep in the microwave, it gets really big and then blows up =]
1 Reply
1. re: sunkissedbabe43
Eeeewwwwwwwww! I'm gonna report you to the SPCP! Be humane. Substitute a plain fat marshmallow and let the little yellow chicks go!
2. Nice topic for those who don't scorn the mw. I'm going to try your cheese trick by letting the roll (small ones) cool for a salad garnish. Anyway, ...
1. Chicken hearts and gizzards can explode in the mw.
2. A bit of cornstarch will dissolve perfectly in a bit of water after a bit; but more time and it turns into a solid.
3. Heating salt in a glass bowl will often crack the bowl.
4. You can make perfectly good pate, caponata, rendered chicken fat, all kinds of quick soups, poached fish, vegetables, and baked and mashed potatoes in a mw.
5 Replies
1. re: justagthing
Nonsense! Oobleck is a fictitious concoction form a children's story!
Make Flubber.
1. re: HSBSteveM
For science, we use cornstarch to recreate oobleck, in essence. it is a well known science experience that many teachers use. The kids love it and are so fascinated.
1. re: justagthing
I was just poking fun, but this is good to know!
2. re: Sam Fujisaka
Hot salt is good for interesting things... Get it hot but not too hot and you can bury plastic in for 20 or 30 seconds, then reshape it as you like. Great for custom fitting plastic framed glasses and such. Or putting a lens back into plastic frames if it pops out.
3. We used to microwave York peppermint patties and call it "hatching the aliens." They look sort of apocalyptic as they bubble away, with their little flat tops.
1. You can make plasma appear in a microwave by cutting a green grape in half and putting it in the microwave. You have to take out the turntable, and get it as close or into the hot spot as possible.
1. Glad to see there are other hounds who don't flinch at gettin' down with some Goo made from the Moo.
I do salad garnishes... we call them "cheese crunchies": small diameter (1.5 inch) discs of a 50/50 mix of sharp cheddar and parmesan. The cheddar gives it form and body, and the parm adds punch and crispness.
The thinner the better. A bed of 2 shavings thick of cheddar, toppped with parm. Parm is OK if standard grated (as in from the green can), but much better if run on the 1/8th inch hole of the box grater.
For best results, zap in 2 sessions: 1 to melt and firm, then a 2nd, after blotting to remove the oilyness, for crunch.
It can really get fun. Try draping the cooling cheese-disc over a canneloni tube or the back of a spoon to cool and harden (for filling), or even drape over a grape tomato or zucchini chunk.
2 Replies
1. re: FoodFuser
Drape the warm cheese disc over the back of a muffin tin and cool there. Great for filling with macaroni or veggies. Adorable as an appetizer.
The cheese discs can also be made in the oven - use a silicone mat on a cookie sheet so that they don't stick, and watch them like a hawk so they don't burn!
1. re: Aimi
Thanks for that Cool Tip on draping on the back of mini muffin tins. An excellent shape for "cheese crunchie nests". Mine have been more like a fillable taco shell. | http://chowhound.chow.com/topics/498169 | dclm-gs1-169690001 | false | false | {
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0.312101 | <urn:uuid:0b65091f-3472-4c53-a3e6-34c1c1ea04a4> | en | 0.97095 | HOME > Chowhound > Home Cooking >
For those that add water to eggs for an omelet, how much?
I have just learned the omelet technique and would like to improve it as much as possible. I know that milk and cream are often added, but for those that add water how much do you add?
1. Click to Upload a photo (10 MB limit)
1. I add one tablespoon for three eggs for scrambled eggs.
1. Thought I would add this.
This is the video I used when I was learning to cook:
Here, Jacques Pepin teaches you both the country French omelet as well as the classic. I highly recommend you master the classic French omelet.
20 Replies
1. re: iamreptar
Thanks. It seems he didn't add water or milk?
1. re: fldhkybnva
a classic omelet does not contain milk or water.
i don't think it's usual to add water to scrambled eggs either, since all it will do is thin the eggs, making soft fluffy "curds" harder to achieve.
1. re: Jay F
the key is salting the eggs while mixing them and stirring properly while cooking. there is enough water in the eggs themselves for the "steam" effect.
1. re: hotoynoodle
From the video I never realized you're supposed to mix so vigorously. I was always cautious as I heard you shouldn't over mix.
1. re: fldhkybnva
most people don't know how to cook proper eggs. :) it's not rocket science.
there was an old-school french michelin-starred chef whose 1st test for a candidate would be for him to cook an omelet. guys were often drummed out before the omelet ever hit the plate!
1. re: hotoynoodle
I never added water to eggs until I watched an episode of ATK in which Chris and the person he was working with had an extended conversation about adding a bit of water to make "perfect scrambled eggs," because it created a bit of fluffiness through steam.
I've been making scrambled eggs and omelets successfully since the 1970s without using water, but over the last ten years, the increase in available information has me believing in something one week and doubting it the next.
Very little seems to have more ways in which it absolutely, positively MUST be made than various egg dishes of the scrambled variety. Even Julia Child had someone on a few years back who lived in France, and who insisted upon the highest heat, whereas so many recommend a slow heat.
1. re: Jay F
i think it depends upon your desired results, your eggs, your butter, etc. find what you like. i tried adding water or cream to scrambled eggs for awhile and prefer them without. my friends and house-guests claim them to be the "best" eggs they've ever had.
my mom was a fan of the hot and fast scramble and i always hated them. it was many years into adulthood before i found out how i liked them.
1. re: hotoynoodle
What do you hate about "hot and fast"?
1. re: Jay F
they become dry and hard, as opposed to soft and custard-like. the smell is also off-putting.
i crack the eggs in a bowl, add salt and whisk, til there is quite a bit of air added in. plenty of butter on a very low flame. turn off the heat before they look dry. perfect soft curds every time. it still only take a few minutes.
1. re: hotoynoodle
I might find those too wet. What do you stir the eggs in the pan with? I generally use a smallish wooden spoon, but when I go slow and soft, I switch to a flexible spatula--the kind I use with cake batter.
1. re: Jay F
i let them sit a bit in the warm pan to finish, before plating.
i use a wooden fork or smallish rubber spatula and keep the eggs in constant motion.
1. re: Jay F
There are two really good ways to make scrambled eggs. You can do the very slow French-style, or you can do the very fast, high heat Chinese approach where the eggs puff up in oil. They are both good but different.
1. re: calumin
I think I've done them the Chinese way most of my life, using olive oil.
Once I made them in a French-attributed manner in which you put the eggs in a saucepan and whisk them constantly and forcefully. You end up with little curd-y egg matter and tennis elbow.
2. re: hotoynoodle
I'll second that. Like others I started out adding a bit of water or milk to my scrambled eggs, but over time I discovered that adding no liquid, cooking over low heat with near-constant stirring, and getting them out of the pan the moment there's no more visible liquid produces the creamiest, most delicious result. (A pinch of smoked paprika doesn't hurt, either!)
2. re: hotoynoodle
(replying to hotoynoodle)
I had the same experience growing up. I thought I hated scrambled eggs. Trying them as an adult when prepared differently was a revelatory experience.
3. re: Jay F
Yes, eggs, almost more than any other thing that I can think of have passionate followers of different techniques. This comes in all forms of cooking, be it scrambled, omelette, hard boil, soft boil. I say whatever works for you, do it.
2. re: hotoynoodle
<the key is salting the eggs while mixing them...>
Can't agree with salting while mixing. Eggs should not be salted until after cooking, salt toughens the eggs. For most of us the result of the chemical reaction between egg and salt is probably not detectable, but nevertheless, salt should not be added while mixing the eggs for an omelet where the end result is desired to be tender, creamy, and fluffy.
1. re: janniecooks
harold mcgee feels otherwise and i trust him implicitly. my results comply with his findings.
1. re: janniecooks
I always salt when I stir up eggs for a scramble, and I haven't noticed any such effect.
2. A little, tiny handful. No more than 1 T. per 2 XL eggs.
1. Yep, somewhere around the previous responses. I don't usually measure all that close.
1. I never add milk or cream to an omelet. Water only--it helps keep the eggs fluffy and tender as the water turns to water vapor. I just run my cupped hand under the cold water faucet to catch a bit, and throw some water droplets onto the eggs with my fingers. Maybe I'll do that twice. Probably ends up being a couple teaspoons max for a two egg omelet. | http://chowhound.chow.com/topics/894231 | dclm-gs1-169700001 | false | false | {
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0.053798 | <urn:uuid:54c3e735-1ae9-4cfa-b145-40f528e590b3> | en | 0.904784 | There’s is no explanation for the atrociously bad X-Men: First Class posters that his the internet with a vengeance yesterday. Why Professor X’s head is popping out of his own blacked-out silhouette’s crotch is beyond comprehension.
So we won’t even try. What we will try is a contest where you, dear reader, make a better version of the poster. Up for grabs is a prize that I’m thinking about keeping for myself: a 1999 Lithographic recreation of the first “X-Men” issue cover drawn by the insanely talented Alex Ross (which you can see below).
How do you enter?
Like this:
1. Create a poster for X-Men: First Class.
2. Email it to us at by Friday, March 11th
3. Cross your fingers.
We’ll announce the winner with a gallery of selected posters next Monday.
Ideal size would be around 640×860, but that’s just a guide.
One (1) winner will receive the 17 inch x 27 inch lithographic drawn by Alex Ross:
Have fun, and good luck!
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Fantastic Fest 2014
6 Filmmaking Tips: James Gunn
Got a Tip? Send it here:
Neil Miller
Managing Editor:
Scott Beggs
Associate Editors:
Rob Hunter
Kate Erbland
Christopher Campbell | http://filmschoolrejects.com/features/make-a-better-x-men-first-class-poster-win-a-vintage-x-men-lithograph.php | dclm-gs1-169910001 | false | false | {
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0.096647 | <urn:uuid:4cd4cba9-2938-4ef5-beff-65ceb0695b70> | en | 0.897795 | Wes Palmer
The Devoured Short Film
Why Watch? A young man convinced that his house is haunted approaches a businessman with a bizarre set of associates who claim they can get rid of any spirits that might be hanging around (and ruining his property value). This short from Wes Palmer and Zach Bokhour gets a lot of mileage from its dialogue and the delivery, particularly from the dynamic crafted by the lead actors, Evan Sibley and Andrew Krupa. One is masking his desperation with a stinky cologne of pride, the other is all but bored with the situation even when he has everything to gain. The camera work is also slick for an indie operation, and it blends with the score nicely to create a ghost story atmosphere where the unease stems from everywhere except the supernatural. There are some cobwebs that most likely come from a limited budget (McDonald’s for dinner?), but overall, it’s a very cool, highly effective ten minutes of tension. What will it cost? Around 10 minutes. Skip Work. Watch More Short Films.
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published: 12.23.2014
published: 12.22.2014
published: 12.19.2014
Fantastic Fest 2014
6 Filmmaking Tips: James Gunn
Got a Tip? Send it here:
Neil Miller
Managing Editor:
Scott Beggs
Associate Editors:
Rob Hunter
Kate Erbland
Christopher Campbell | http://filmschoolrejects.com/tag/wes-palmer | dclm-gs1-169920001 | false | false | {
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0.018935 | <urn:uuid:692655e3-a2ab-462a-b232-287e21aa939f> | en | 0.793909 | By Topic
Enhancing iconic program reusability with object sharing
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3 Author(s)
Koike, Y. ; C&C Res. Labs., NEC Corp., Kawasaki, Japan ; Maeda, Y. ; Koseki, Y.
The paper describes how to improve the reusability of iconic program modules. In iconic programming systems, the most important features for reuse are the customization of a module and combination of multiple modules without changing their definitions. In order to realize these features, we propose an object sharing technique, which allows components of multiple modules to represent the same object instance. Since a component in a module can be related to an object in another module, by adding a new function to an object in the latter module, the former module can be customized without changing its own definition. In addition, by relating a component to multiple objects in different modules, different functions defined in each module, can be combined easily. Finally, we show that the proposed technique realizes a useful software development style using templates, which will contribute to the improvement of the productivity
Published in:
Visual Languages, 1996. Proceedings., IEEE Symposium on
Date of Conference:
3-6 Sep 1996 | http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?reload=true&arnumber=545300&contentType=Conference+Publications | dclm-gs1-169990001 | false | false | {
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0.028344 | <urn:uuid:65fb8bc9-497b-4c0e-af1a-57a9b481d250> | en | 0.811344 | Submitted by Panzart 634d ago | article
Gadget Show Live: Nintendo and the WiiU
Nintendo showed up in force to show off the WiiU at the Gadget Show Live in Birmingham, but did it show off the unique capabilities of the console?
Deus Ex: Human Revolution Director's Cut, Need for Speed: Most Wanted and Resident Evil: Revelations were all playable, but how do they differ from their original counterparts? (Deus Ex: Human Revolution Director's Cut, Industry, Need For Speed Most Wanted U, Nintendo, Resident Evil Revelations, Wii U)
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BBC News
watch One-Minute World News
Last Updated: Sunday, 23 July 2006, 12:37 GMT 13:37 UK
Afghan violence 'leaves 22 dead'
UK soldier in Helmand province
Six UK soldiers have been killed in recent weeks
At least 22 people are reported to have been killed in the latest violence in Afghanistan - 19 of them Taleban fighters and three policemen.
The Taleban were killed in fighting with UK troops and Afghan police in the southern Helmand province, local officials say.
The police were killed by suspected Taleban fighters in Ghazni province.
On Saturday six civilians and two Canadian soldiers were killed in a double suicide attack in Kandahar.
Taleban positions
"Government and British forces killed 19 Taleban and arrested 17 others, including two Pakistanis, in the attacks" in Helmand, the province's deputy governor, Amir Mohammad Akhundzada told the Reuters news agency.
Local people said civilians had also been killed.
The fighting took place when the UK and Afghan forces attacked Taleban positions in villages close to the provincial capital, Lashkar Gah, Mr Akhundzada said.
The three Afghan policemen were killed when their post was attacked in the town of Gelan in Ghazni, local officials said.
Laden with explosives
A spokesman for the US-led forces in Afghanistan, Major Scott Lundy, said Saturday's suicide attacks in Kandahar city would not deter the coalition from its task of promoting security and bringing development in Afghanistan.
The two Canadian soldiers died, and eight others were hurt, when a car laden with explosives rammed into their convoy.
Nineteen Afghan civilians were also injured. Both bombers died in the attacks.
Lt Gen David Richards, the head of Nato's international security force in Afghanistan, warned in an interview with the Guardian newspaper that coalition troops lacked necessary equipment.
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0.136567 | <urn:uuid:82f8edfb-9193-449b-9ec6-00087e4f7217> | en | 0.877731 | Aðilar að Skemmunni
Leit eftir:
LokaverkefniHáskóli Íslands>Hugvísindasvið>Meistaraprófsritgerðir>
Facsimiles of Medieval Icelandic Manuscripts
Icelandic manuscripts, particularly the medieval manuscripts housed at the Árni Magnússon Institutes and the history of their duplication through facsimile-making processes will be the focus of this paper. A vast amount of research had to be undertaken, collecting various sources in English and Icelandic, to compile the history of facsimile productions. To my knowledge, no compilation of the history of medieval Icelandic facsimile production has written before, especially not to this breadth and depth or in English.
The first chapter will provide an overview of the history of facsimile reproduction divided into sections according to facsimile medium. The definition of ‘facsimile’ means a copy or reproduction of an original and comes from the Latin fac simile translated as “make similar.” For our purposes it will be specifically a copy of a manuscript produced photographically. Facsimile creators strive to replicate the manuscript as accurately as possible so that scholars can rely upon the facsimile. In Iceland and in Denmark, several graphic techniques have created facsimiles—copperplate press, lithography, and various photographic processes from traditional to digital. These processes, their histories and results, will be chronicled regarding Icelandic manuscripts.
The second chapter isolates the primary reason for facsimile creation, which is access. What were and are the incentives and goals of the manuscript institutions? How accessible are the original manuscripts? The answers to these questions further illustrate the importance of access and facsimiles.
Finally, the third chapter highlights issues surrounding the different facsimiles formats. First the benefits of using the original manuscript are listed as a means of showing some of the disadvantages associated with the other formats. Then issues surrounding print facsimiles will be discussed. Next is the section on issues surrounding photographs and microfilm, which is followed by the final section, issues surrounding the digital format.
Natalie_Colceriu_f... .pdf453KBOpinn Heildartexti PDF Skoða/Opna | http://skemman.is/item/view/1946/3441%3Bjsessionid=A9CD852B6D46F7CA2A99EF5677A2AA3F | dclm-gs1-170190001 | false | false | {
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Comment: Re:Don't shoot the dog (Score 1) 323
by Paul Fernhout (#48660749) Attached to: Putting Time Out In Time Out: The Science of Discipline
Yes, that is a great book by Karen Pryor! Inspired by her book, I once made a list of maybe two dozen other ways to deal with behavior issues, but I don't think I put it on the web. The last one was something like just accepting the undesired behavior as a recurring reminder that you have something good (a relationship) in your life. :-)
Comment: Kohn is great; see also Meredith Small and others (Score 1) 323
by Paul Fernhout (#48660693) Attached to: Putting Time Out In Time Out: The Science of Discipline
John Holt and Pat Farenga are worth reading too, about "unschooling" as essentially "give your kids all the freedom you can stand, especially in following their own educational interests".
Although, I personally feel the more extreme form of "radical unschooling" as some (not all) practice it is like the libertarianism of parenting, emphasizing freedom over all other virtues... Kids are indeed "learning all the time" but the quality of what they are learning can matter too. Also, "supernormal stimuli" of certain media and certain foods may need to be avoided or limited for health reasons because to help kids avoid or recover from "the pleasure trap".
Also related on Myers-Briggs for both parent and child to look at various matchups:
That page talks a lot about Authoritative, Authoritarian, Permissive and Neglectful styles. But the page goes into more types than that (including "attachment" parenting which may be close to the human historical norm within hunter/gatherer tribes where it sounds like a crying baby was rare).
By the way, kids can be much more a discipline problem when fed junk, not fed enough fruits and vegetables, lacking in sunlight, lacking in good gut bacteria, lacking in exercise, overstressed by an early focus on academics instead of play, saturated by violent and sexualized media, and so on. See also:
Good luck!!! Have Fun!!!!
Comment: Ideas for better tools to make sense of health (Score 1) 439
by Paul Fernhout (#48660441) Attached to: How Venture Capitalist Peter Thiel Plans To Live 120 Years
My suggestion:
"When confronted with a health issue, many people turn to their doctor, the internet, or friends for advice. But then what do you and your family do with all the advice you receive? What do even health professionals do with all the often conflicting information out there when they research a patient's health issues? We want to create software that helps with that challenge by making it easier for individuals and communites to collect health information (from whatever public sources including the internet), organize it, prioritize it, reason about it, act on it, and feed back the results of action into a next iteration as a learning experience. "
To add to your list, more vegetables, fruits, and beans can help, too. See Dr. Fuhrman. He may have become too commercial and may also miss a few things (Salt vilified too much? Too low on iodine? A bit low on vitamin D? Discarding some psychological aspects? Overoptimizing a few things? Trusting too much in some studies that are still to mainstream? Ignoring some possible benefits from animal products? Ignoring genetic issues like difficulties synthesizing some things? Not enough emphasis on the microbiome?). But overall he gets a lot ("make the salad the main dish") and his approach is based on science studies -- even if there is a risk of how you interpret limited studies and conflicting studies.
Also see Dr. Weil on lifestyle issues (like stress, sleep, music, community, and so on) as well as herbal remedies.
And see Bluezones for community level issues like sidewalks and walking clubs.
Vitamin D from some source to make up for indoor living is essential too.
Anyway, I'm writing other software right now for my wife (related to her free Working with Stories book) but I hope I can use the infrastructure (JavaScript/Dojo/Node.js/Pointrel) to use for other things like such tools. Probably would be an excellent life-extension choice by Peter Thiel to fund time for several developers to work on such FOSS software though. :-)
Comment: Re:Computer history rambles and what might have be (Score 1) 623
by Paul Fernhout (#48657945) Attached to: What Happens To Society When Robots Replace Workers?
Glad the Norris link was helpful. Still hope you check out the"Skills of Xanadu" links... Yeah, it's hard to know when to "barge" and when not to...
Your County Currency link was off, but I found this:
Reminds me a bit of LETS:
Although, from the fist link: "Don't think of LETS points like dollars. Think of them as favours. LETS Favours. ... The LETS group's function is to act as a bookkeeper for their members' activities; keeping record of these 'favours' and putting the members' accounts into debit or credit accordingly. An account that is in credit identifies a member who has given more favours than he has received, and an account that is in debit identifies a member who has received more favours than he has given. These credits have no value and cannot be exchanged for cash. Their only purpose is to keep track of each member's involvement in the group so they can aim to bring their accounts back to zero -- a sign of fair and equitable participation in the system. ..."
"Welcome to Bank of North Dakota (BND). As the only state-owned bank in the nation, we act as a funding resource in partnership with other financial institutions, economic development groups and guaranty agencies."
Although they presumably don't issue currency except as debt like any other conventional bank. But one can wonder how far debt lending could go at he state level these days with Fed support.
See also on having adequate currency as the cause of the American Revolution (assuming it is true):
"How Benjamin Franklin Caused the Revolutionary War"
Jane Jacobs was big on cities having their own currencies. She especially values currency fluctuations between cities as markers of how well cities were doing processes like import replacement. She pointed out how national currencies could hurt most cities (while perhaps benefiting the capital city). Reading her work, I realized how the Euro was a big step backwards for most Europeans, especially in a computer age where translating currencies using current values (over a network) was a fairly easy problem to solve technically. The Euro shows the folly of trying to have a common currency without a common form of governance for the people who use it.
When I've thought about currencies, I eventually realized that a currency is implicitly a constitution. It's backed in a sense by an community and is only as strong as the governance of that community, which controls how much of the currency is issued and the official rules for exchange it. When a currency loses value relative to other currencies, it mostly reflects an assessment of the community or its governance that stands behind the currency as a medium of exchange. In that sense, the county currency idea fits a definable unit of governance -- the county.
As for getting back to the countryside with technology, my wife and I moved to the Adirondack park more than ten years ago. When we first arrived we had only dialup, but a couple years after that paid the cable company US$4000 to extend cable about a half mile to us so we could get broadband speeds. Money well spent as far as ROI. It was only computer networking that let us live in such a remote area and still be able to do consulting projects. And dialup speeds were getting more and more problematical, with people sending multi-megabyte files and asking us if we got them, and having to say, well, it will take a couple hours to download... I spent 2.5 years recently supporting NBCUniversal's broadcast operations and writing new software for them to control video routers and their satellite system -- routinely downloading multi-gigabyte log files and only needing to go to NYC for the day maybe a dozen or so times over that time. So, I guess I got to live that dream. :-) Well, ignoring I'd rather have been developing software for more decentralized systems. :-(
I'm not sure living in the countryside does much for demographics though. Industrial society, whether in urban, suburban, town, or rural areas, provides so many distractions while raising the cost of having a kid so high that population growth rates are falling in all such places. Italy is a worst case along with Japan, but the USA is pretty much only still growing based on immigration. Here is something I wrote on that (in part to rebut concerns over Peak Oil etc.):
"[p2p-research] Peak Population crisis (was Re: Japan's Demographic Crisis)"
BTW, I just spent about five hours working with my kid (who did the artwork and provided domain design advice) and making a crude browser-based 2D multi-player tank battle toy in JavaScript (both on the browser and with a NodeJS server using for the networking). I call it a toy as there is no collision detection, score, login ids, or many other features -- and still known bugs like when people reconnect and leave ghost tanks. So, nowhere near WOT (which we play a lot) but I thought it would be a fun learning experience for him and me to do together. Some things have gotten so much easier over the years -- yet another way automation is reducing the need for "jobs" :-) We just put it up on GitHub:
I have a copy of this book, so maybe we'll get to 3D multi-player eventually: :-)
"3D Game Programming for Kids: Create Interactive Worlds with JavaScript (Pragmatic Programmers)"
"You know what's even better than playing games? Creating your own. Even if you're an absolute beginner, this book will teach you how to make your own online games with interactive examples. You'll learn programming using nothing more than a browser, and see cool, 3D results as you type. You'll learn real-world programming skills in a real programming language: JavaScript, the language of the web. You'll be amazed at what you can do as you build interactive worlds and fun games."
Anyway, thanks for helping get all that started! :-)
Comment: Computer history rambles and what might have been (Score 1) 623
by Paul Fernhout (#48652283) Attached to: What Happens To Society When Robots Replace Workers?
Jim, thanks for the reply. It is a pleasure to be corresponding with someone with such a knowledge of computing history (having lived it). My first computer (other than playing with IBM punched cards and building my own circuits) was KIM-1 with 1K of memory in the late 1970s, and I've been working with them ever since. I started networked computing in high school in the 1970s on a TOPS-10/Lyrics DEC PDP-10 system on Long Island, even eventually getting a Commodore PET to dial in (but I could not afford as a teenager the US$10 an hour phone non-local charges -- probably US$40 an hour in today's money -- although at some point we got a local dial-in as I was leaving high school). I was later for a time on AppleLink and BIX and the Well and IGC, but still generally restricted by US$10 an hour long distance charges until the late 1990s. We perhaps both draw from many of the same pool of ideas and interests and likely even sci-fi stories informing our outlooks (even if they are not identical) -- although with my experiences lag yours by a decade or two, and I was never in the kind of communities doing the kind of really new work you were fortunate enough to be in. My father was a merchant mariner, then a machinist, then a manufacturing engineer, so I also has a somewhat more mechanical focus in some of my aspirations (like interest in self-replicating hardware leading to self-replicating space habitats, which overlaps seasteading and some other exponential ideas you talk about for environmental cleanup); but my mother's work as a social worker / welfare caseworker for twenty years and more also is an influence as to bigger picture issues. Due to that lag, compared to you, I also saw and lived in much more of the Personal Computer aspect of the industry compared to PLATO and (to me then unaffordable, even for two decades) computer networking, even if I did use networked computer early on in high school. I put some rambles below on ideas in your essay and other historical links, plus a big quote at the end from Bill Norris hat applies to the main topic of automation and jobs. Anyway, got to get back to "work" or I would make this better and shorter. :-)
=== Ramble mode on
I corresponded with Bill Norris briefly in the late 1980s (when my graduate advisor at Princeton suggested I talk to him), then again in the early 1990s. I had hoped to work with him somehow at his foundation developing software to support flexible manufacturing and information exchange, even hoping to move as a summer volunteer/intern to MN (he said he had no money to hire new staff). However, I met my wife around then and so those hopes ultimately fell apart. My own ideas on that became "OSCOMAK", but it has not really gone far, and it has been eclipsed by other ideas of lesser scope but better social networking. It's a shame he and I never worked together back then, as I feel it would have been a great match with my interests and abilities, and I would have learned so much from him. I can envy you a chance to bask in that environment.
Bill Norris sent me a copy of his biography as well as copies of many of the pamphlets he wrote for Control Data (like "back to the Countryside via Technology"). I scanned and OCR'd some of the pamphlets and had hoped to put them on the internet and we had some correspondence about that too, but the licensing issues remained unclear so I did not put them up. Glad someone else did though:
Of Bill Norris' talks there, the most relevant there is this HBR story on robots taking all the jobs may be: "Technology and Full Employment [Nov. 1978]". I quote at length from one of them at the end. However, as much as I respect Bill Norris, and as much as what he said about full employment and technology may have been true in the 1970s, I feel it is a lot less true now that robotics, AI, and other forms of automation, along with better design, better materials, expanded infrastructure, the internet, eventually cheaper energy via PV and fusion, and so on are making *most* human labor less economically valuable in comparison. As predicted in the 1960s and before, the income-through-jobs link is being stretched to the breaking point for *most* people, and wage income is increasingly problematical as being the primary way families gain the right to consume the products of industry. Ultimately, some form of basic income or social credit is needed to distribute purchasing power under 21st century capitalism (or we need to a new form of economics entirely emphasizing subsistence, gift, or planned transactions). *Full* employment is not the solution, if it ever was. Full employment also sidesteps the issue of "good" employment as far as meaningful jobs, worker autonomy, or worker skill increases. *Good* employment is still a great idea though, like E.F. Schumacher talks about in "Buddhist Economics" or "Good Work". Of course, Bill Norris was all about "good employment" and treating workers well by pioneering the Employee Assistance Plan (EAR) and so on -- stuff that other corporations, even Google, have copied decades later but without the "creating jobs for poor uneducated people in the inner-city" focus.
As to perspective on patents and copyrights, in practice I don't feel they work to the advantage of our overall global culture at this point, given the costs of chilling effects and re-invention. The fan produced "Star Trek Continues" shows what is possible when hundreds of volunteers get together to make and fund something:
Lawyers get paid big bucks for mastering essentially a public domain of knowledge and contributing to that public domain by court cases and tailoring application of that public domain to specific individual needs. If the public domain works for lawyers, why should it not work for engineers and programmers and writers?
Independent individual innovators in the USA are particularly disadvantaged compare to innovators in, say, India or China that are less respectful of such things. I can understand the argument for patents and copyrights in an economy based primarily on exchange transactions as a way to get development funds from investors who plan to recoup their investment via imposing "artificial scarcity" via an information monopoly granted and ultimately enforced at gunpoint by the government for the patent of copyright. But at the same time, patents and copyrights hold back the emergence of a gift economy and the systematic organization and distillation of global knowledge and culture. For all the economic arguments, creating "artificial scarcity" remains something of an immoral act. About the only justification I can think of for "artificial scarcity" (other than fiscal survival in our primitive civilization) is perhaps, done for security or "prime directive" reasons like, say, keeping the plans for a zero-point energy device out of the hands of a scarcity-oriented culture that would ironically likely just blow itself up with such a device fighting over oil fields. BTW, my ironic site:
Here is a self-assessed copyright tax idea I put together around the early 2000s, inspired by someone slashdot sig of something like "if it is intellectual property, why isn't it taxed?"
"It may prove difficult in the short term to reduce the term of copyrights which have already been extended. Also, the forces pushing perpetual copyright are strong. However, there is another route, which may be easier, employing the concepts of Aikido -- moving with the strong force and redirecting it in a better way. Rather than fight to reduce the maximum term of copyrights, consider that existing and future copyrights could be taxed annually just like real estate as long as they are kept from the public domain. This uses a market-based approach to limit the external costs of copyright monopolies."
I'm a big Smalltalk/Kay/Ingalls/etc. fan since the 1981 Byte article on it, and I started using it in the 1980s, buying a copy of ObjectWorks the day before the great earthquake in CA, which took weeks to arrive because of the quake (even if they charged my credit card the same day).
I was involved for a time with the Squeak community, trying to get the license straightened out and get the system to be more modular and support more standard widgets -- all to little avail, but years later others did that. I agree JavaScript across the web is the best we have as far as being like it that has received mass option. Following on Dan Ingall's move to JavaScript (with the Lively Kernel), I've been moving my own work there like with the most recent versions of Pointrel/Twirlip/etc. and other stuff.
As for DOS, QNX existed before DOS and was better. It had microkernel message passing and could operate as a (near) real-time OS. It supported multi-processing and multi-machines. DOS is a cheap plastic toy compared to an industrial strength QNX. IBM has its own Forth written by David Frank at IBM Research f(who I worked side-by-side with there). Forth would have made a better DOS than DOS, but IBM's PC division was separate from David's group. Can you imagine what the IBM PC's and large industry's evolution would have been like if the command prompt was Forth? Around that time, IBM also had the industrial/scientific CS9000 personal workstation for scientists that ran a UNIX-like system on top of a 68000. Imagine if that has become the standard -- people would not have spent so many years dealign with a funky Intel instruction set with an odd memory model.
And along the time you wrote your 1982 essay, there was the beginning of the French Minitel system which started in 1978.
In that essay, you mention one-way vs. two-way communications (as you knew as a possibility from PLATO). My wife's work connects to helping a community reclaim its own stories compared to mass-produced ones. My own (long term, still ongoing for 30 years) ideas connect to knowledge representation via the Pointrel system and a social semantic desktop (but I'd be the first to say the ideas are incomplete, have been passed by in many ways, and have not taken off, although the Pointrel ideas may have helped in some small way to inspire WordNet started by my undergrad advisor at Princeton, George A. Miller as I was graduating).
You wrote: "With the precipitous drop in the price of information technology, computer-based communication has come within the technical and economic reach of the mass-market. ... The central importance of this new market is that it brings the capital cost of establishing a publication with nation-wide distribution to within the reach of the mass-market as well. This means that anyone who is a "consumer" of information on this new technology can also be a "producer" of information."
I wonder if you ever read Theodore Sturgeon's" 1950s sci-fi short story, "The Skills of Xanadu" about nanotech-like crystal belts that crete a distributed computer network for sharing information and more? That story has apparently inspired many technical people from a master inventor at IBM Research (but he focused on the nanotech) to Ted Nelson. I asked Ted about the story when he gave a talk at IBM Research, and he said he had been looking for it but forgot the name -- ironic as the name Xanadu comes from the story. If you have not listened to or read that story, I think you would *really* like it based on your writings and the potential of the internet for digital democracy:
The first all electronic digital computer invented at Ames Iowa (Berry/Atanasoff). Sad about what happened with Berry. For a time, I lived next door in Iowa to someone involved in a group building a replica of it.
Between the first such computer and PLATO, the Midwest really pioneered modern networked computing. So, it is strange that Silicon Valley pretty much gets all the credit for essentially just re-inventing or re-packaging decades old stuff. It seems too easy to give huge credit for innovation to companies for, say, introducing new CPU instruction sets that are little different in concept than the previous ones. But, as much as I respect Doug Engelbart in CA and the 1968 "the mother of all demos" and his later work with Augment (and I took his 2000 colloquium and participated with great enjoyment in related discussions), PLATO started in 1960.
Of course IBM in New York did much too, including developing the VM idea in the late 1960s. Although Chuck Moore "discovered" Forth (essentially a VM-like-approach) around the same time.
It can be frustrating to be in Slashdot discussions where so much of this history is forgotten. And no doubt there is tons more I don't know about the history. Wish I had paid more attention in Michael Mahoney's class on the history of technology at Princeton, although that was just as he was playing around with PCs and before he got deeper into the history of computing.
The question of who gets "credit" for ideas and innovations in the public eye might be explained in part based on what you wrote around 1982, with perhaps considering people in Silicon Valley and Redmond are often more feudalists than pioneers, even if they claim to be pioneers?
You wrote: "Actually, this is an ancient problem that keeps rearing its ugly head in many places in many forms. In my industry its called the "Whiz Kids vs. MBAs" syndrome. Others have termed it "Western Cowboys vs. Eastern Bankers". The list is without end. I prefer to view it as a more stable historical pattern: "Pioneers vs. Feudalists". Pioneers are skilled at manipulating unpeopled environments to suit their needs whereas feudalists are skilled at manipulating peopled environments to suit their needs. Although, these are not necessarily exclusive traits, people do seem to specialize toward one end or the other simply because both skills require tremendous discipline to master and people have limited time to invest in learning. Pioneers want to be left alone to do their work and enjoy its fruits. Feudalists say "no man is an island" and feel the pioneer is a "hick" or worse, an escapist. Feudalists view themselves as lords and pioneers as serfs. Pioneers view feudalists as either irrelevant or as some sort of inevitable creeping crud devouring everything in its path. At their best, feudalists represent the stable balance and harmony exhibited by Eastern philosophy. At their worst, feudalists represent the tyrannical predation of pioneers unable to escape domination. At their best, pioneers represent the freedom, diversity and respect for the individual represented by Western philosophy. At their worst, pioneers represent the inefficient, destructive exploitation of virgin environs."
Still, we need both the individual (or organization) and the broader network to do good work (and networks can include a lot of "stigmergy" as a means of coordinating individuals via artifact construction). I love Manuel De Landa's ideas on the interaction of meshwork and hierarchy, and I have quoted this over and over because it is one of the most insightful ideas (for our time) I've ever read:
One has to admit that having *any* standard like DOS/Windows, or HTML5/CSS/JavaScript, no matter how bad, generally provides a lot of value in terms of people being able to build on top of it. I use Macs mostly these days for a desktop after years with Debian, but I have to admit the backwards-compatibility of Windows is better than either (and far better than Mac). It remains a shame that better standards like QNX or Scheme/Self/Smalltalk often existed before those things were created. Which standard "wins" is often so arbitrary and often reflects a "worse is better" approach which pushes needless work out to the periphery that could be avoided by just a slightly better standard (like if JavaScript did not have default globals and if it had a standard module loader from the start). I like your idea of taxing the winner. :-) But that won't solve the issue of a bad standard. In theory, that is what the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is for. But in practice, especially in computing, standards seem to emerge from de-facto market winners.
I liked the "continuous approval voting" (CAV) in your 1982 essay. You wrote: "In CAV, a group of people who associate with each other select a representative from among themselves. Each member has an "approval list" which only they can see and alter. On this list, they give the name of every individual they feel is competent to be their representative. The person whose name appears on the most approval lists is the representative. At any time, a member may change their approval list. That change could put another at the top of the approval heap and therefore force a recall of the previous representative. A hierarchy of such groups could grow to unlimited size, still with no campaigns and everyone evaluating only those who they are in a position to associate with. Of course, thresholds for recall, terms of office and other embellishments may be included to optimize the system for particular purposes. The point is that this represents just one of many new forms of democracy that could change the way privilege and accountability are allocated in our institutions."
While we may not see that in US elections any time soon, in a away, we do see something a bit like it in FOSS projects, where people fork them and walk away from them (like the Debian systemd conflict). I can wonder if the CAV idea could be more directly applied to such FOSS project management, including adapting it to the issue of trademark control and forking? Another related idea to consider is Dee Hock's "Chaordic" model. That has more to do with the boundaries of groups as they exists within larger groups or overlap with each other though rather than choosing "leadership". Perhaps one challenge of applying CAV to FOSS is it assumes well-defined organizations from the start rather than a sort of continuos fluidity in sets of associations based on constantly shifting levels of trust? As Clay Shirky mentions in his essay "A group is its own worst enemy", it is hard to make software that asses reputation, but humans tend to do that internally on their own fairly well (or at least maybe could with the right additional tools like feedback on number of posts and so on, like Stack Overflow or Amazon does, and Slashdot does in its own ways which.
I agree with Hurga's comment from 2012: :-) "You wrote that 30 years ago? That's an extremely visionary piece, I have to admit. And surprisingly current still, considering the fight between established media and social networks."
Still, ideas are often "in the air" in some sense -- not to discount hard work or reflection. You had seen what was possible with PLATO, and so that helped inform ideas about next steps. Still, I can see that people in certain places and time who are part of a social community can learn so much so quickly about priorities and options that individuals, even informed by libraries of books, may struggle to re-invent and re-learn.
On your implementation ideas mentioned there, I to have been enamored of a Forth/Smalltalk hybrid, and have posted on that on the Squeak developer list many years ago. It would be so cool to have a multi-processor Smalltalk easily understandable from the ground up. Alas, I have many half-baked ideas (including OSCOMAK and the Pointrel system) but so little time. :-( And many of those ideas are just echoes of other great thinkers (even back to MEMEX and Sturgeon and also more recently and Kay/Ingalls/Squeak/FONC and William Kent and so on). But in practice though, I'm doing JavaScript stuff at the moment to implement ideas in my wife's free book "Working With Stories", and likely to do unrelated paying stuff in the near future again (generally to shore up artificial scarcity monopolies, sadly).
BTW, if you have any advice on diet/exercise/lifestyle as to how you've managed to remain so sharp and engaged for so long, despite an uphill battle against bad standards and other social woes, I'm all ears! :-)
=== Bill Norris quotation
Of Bill Norris' talks mentioned above, this one is perhaps the most relevant there is to the topic robots taking all the jobs, quoted at length
"Technology and Full Employment [Nov. 1978]"
"Technological innovation is the wellspring of new jobs. To help solve the problem of unemployment, technological innovation must be increased by making existing technology more available; by accelerating the creation of new technology, and devising more effective means of applying technology.
The major focus must be on unemployment â" identifying and stimulating the private sector to undertake projects for creating new jobs. The central vehicle for coordinating the resources of all segments of society should be regional development offices. These offices will facilitate programs that create jobs by addressing the needs of society. Suggested programs include fostering entrepreneurial enterprise, developing alternate energy sources, revitalizing urban centers, reducing minority youth unemployment, and developing alternatives to capital- and fossil fuel-intensive methods of farming.
Legislative actions are required to achieve these goals. The types of projects that need to be undertaken can be the same as those proposed in the Full Employment and Balanced Growth Plan of the Humphrey/Hawkins Bill. All sectors of society must work together to solve the problem of unemployment. Only from this united effort will come the needed jobs and the enduring solutions to the other major problems of our global society.
The opportunity to participate in this forum is greatly appreciated. It would be most gratifying if I were able to contribute to a long-term solu tion to unemployment, because I believe it is the nation's number one problem.
Not only are more jobs needed, but almost as important, more skilled jobs. The unemployment problem will become even more critical as in the next ten years another twenty million new jobs will be required. This would be the largest increase of any decade in our history; in the last ten years only thirteen million were created.
The basic question is whether the U.S. can increase jobs and still improve productivity or whether this is another situation where we only can make trade-offs: are we faced with a choice between more automation, better productivity, and fewer jobs on the one hand or more jobs, less efficiency, more inflation, increased government pay outs and deficits on the other?
This apparent dilemma is solvable through increased technological innovation. Technological innovation is the wellspring of new jobs. Capital investment is also a source of jobs and capital is required to support technological innovation. A dollar invested in technology will create more jobs and return more income than the same amount invested in capital equipment.
Technological innovation is one of the key factors in productivity improvement, along with capital investment and employee training. ...
For example, one of the most serious societal problems that's closely related to employment is the achievement of more abundant and less costly sources of energy. Our economy is utterly dependent on cheap and readily available gas and oil for energy. Within twenty to thirty years, world production will begin to fall off. Considering that fifteen to twenty years are required to get meaningful results from the average new development, there is precious little time available to avoid disaster.
There are many other major societal problems crying for more attention. These include the improvement in energy conservation, greater environmental protection, new materials, less costly food production, more efficient water conservation, revitalization of inner cities, better education, better health care and improved productivity.
Solutions to this vast array of major problems, along with a nationwide increase in technological innovation, will in the long run, provide millions of private industry jobs that must be part of a systematic route to full employment. What is required are jobs that are created from products or services to meet the country's long-range needs. This should be our main thrust for job creation. As a businessman, I have been involved for over 30 years in establishing small businesses that have grown and have provided needed products and services and, along the way, more than 40,000 jobs.
So I believe that leadership for planning and implementing full employment programs must be provided by business, working in coop eration with universities, government, labor unions and other major segments of society. These programs should be planned so that they are in accord with the national goals and priorities embodied in the full employment bill. Our major societal problems are massive ones and massive resources are required for their solution. The best ap proach is that they are viewed as business opportunities with an appropriate sharing of cost between business and government. Economic growth will be stimulated along with job creation. The key resource needed is technology, i.e., the knowhow to solve the problems. In order to create jobs, improve productivity and increase technological innovation at affordable costs, we need to make existing technology more available and to devise more effective means of putting technologies to work. Only by doing this will we achieve the most timely solu tions to our major societal problems. ...
Policy changes and productive legislation are needed, summarized as follows:
A. A clearly stated redirection of policy to achieve the broader use of government-sponsored R&D results in the creation of jobs.
B. Stimulation of government laboratories and universities to make their technologies more available and to aid in their efficient trans fer. This can be achieved by allocating a percentage (five to ten percent) of project funds to information and technology transfer, and by assigning added responsibility and incentive to scientists and engineers doing the work.
C. Encouragement of government agencies having informational data bases to make them available to the private sector at minimal cost.
D. Provision of tax incentives or direct payments to encourage private companies to sell and/or lease their technology for the public good. This type of government support would only be a front-end requirement to stimulate the initial creation of jobs. ...
But the increase in technological innovation that could reasonably be expected in today's environment would fall far short of what is required. The reason is primarily the indifference of business toward major societal problems. For too long business has been preoccupied doing the things that are the most profitable and leaving the solutions to most of the major problems of society as the responsibility of government. Meanwhile, these problems are growing to disastrous proportions. ...
To conclude, what I am saying is that the old ways are not working, partly because solving the unemployment problem is always "Someone Else's" problem. Everyone really only wants to keep doing what he is doing and doesn't want to change. What I am proposing is to enlist all sectors of society to solve the problem of unemployment. In working together to help solve it, there will be not only a better understanding of the origin of jobs, but also of the enormous difficulty to create them. Out of this effort will also come a much better and badly needed understanding and respect for each sector of society by the others. Most important, out of this effort will come more jobs."
Comment: Making ends meet as an artist or writer (Score 1) 623
by Paul Fernhout (#48647117) Attached to: What Happens To Society When Robots Replace Workers?
"You will need me and other real humans to document your descent from valued individuals who provide useful services to those who suck resources from the economic totality."
LOL. :-) Good points, but the internet is already replacing *most* paid creative writing with viral essays and videos. What I mean by that is that is it possible for one creative writer to quickly reach millions of readers, but readers have only so much time. That is the power of automation as an amplifier. So, yes, we may indeed "need" one creative writer (or even a thousand) doing what you outline, but there are literally millions of people who want to be creative writers. That means 99.9%+ of potential creative writers can't make a living from it in the internet age. If even the New York Times is struggling, why should any specific writer expect things could work out financially?
Of course, one may point to hundreds of YouTube video creators or bloggers with millions of followers making tens of thousands of dollars from advertising -- but that model just does not scale. There just is not enough advertising revenue to go around. There is also not enough subscription revenue to go around. There are not enough eyeballs and free time to go around.
It's always been that way with a "star" model of success in the creative arts. It seems to me that most people (95% - 99%?) who make a living related to the arts do it by teaching their craft (like a public school music teacher or writing teacher or something similar). Then they do a little bit of creative stuff in their spare time.
Many other artists and writers have a spouse or parents who funds their time. For a personal example I just spent 2.5 years providing (paid) third-line technical support and software development services to NBCUniversal's broadcast operations while my wife worked (mostly unpaid) part-time (we also homeschool) on her free book on "Working With Stories". That book is ironically in part about getting communities to tell their own stories again instead of mostly accepting pre-packaged commercial offerings. :-)
Before that, for years she was making most of the money for our family while I was writing stuff more (including "Post-Scarcity Princeton" and various free software) and doing more of the homeschooling. However, realistically, that was only possible because we both could command six-figure annual wages as professionals and were willing to accept some other compromises (smaller older house, many years without health insurance, etc.). Unless you are really, really frugal, and probably don't homeschool, that model probably won't work for most families without potentially two professional incomes of some sort (unless you have other funding like from parents or savings or investments).
However, in the past, like the 1950s in the USA, before the "two income trap" sprung, it was a lot more feasible, at least for a typical male breadwinner and female stay-at-home couple.
BTW, the "Two Income Trap" adds a new twist to this discussion, suggesting that job loss is a lot more devastating to most families now than it was in the 1950s. One reason is that the other spouse can't start working to pick up the slack because he or she is already working and they are dependent on both incomes. You also just can't cut back most fixed expenses like mortgage or car payments which are the bulk of expenses for working families. Also, with two workers in the workforce now, most families have *twice* the risk exposure for job loss than they did in the 1950s. So, families with expenses geared for two incomes but only a single income are still rapidly in trouble.
BTW, writers got to write. You don't depend on consumers to write -- even if you may indeed depend on consumers to get the money to afford to write full-time rather than have some unrelated job. See also:
"he Murdering of My Years: Artists and Activists Making Ends Meet"
"That bit of uncomfortableness out of the way, the book is actually interesting and does build to a coherent picture of intelligent people living outside the stream, often making substantial sacrifices in personal comfort. Taking unpopular or difficult positions, and doing so with determination takes a certain amount of courage. One area where out dwellers often feel the pinch is within their own families to whom they are hobbyists at best, anomalies at worst. Yet the majority feel they have been supported by those families in spite of the differences. I was surprised at how little resentment came across. ...
The respondees to Mickey Z.'s thesis generally do, or try fundamentally to care about people. And there is a profound difference. What the contributors have in common is a determination to live among the world rather than through it, as in not using the world for personal gain at the expense of human, animal and natural recourses. The contributors know they have faint chance of ruffling the fabric of the universe, and that in part may be the point. Mickey Z.: "Are the struggles of artists and activists worth reading and sharing and emulating?" He thinks so. And I think the book is worth the read. Though contributor, Rachel F., a multi-faceted activist, strikes a cautioning note, "I think there's a danger in assuming that the person in the mainstream is a slave, and the person on the "alternative" track is independent. For example, an artist could be obsessed with--ruled by--the opinions of the circles he or she travels in, no matter how out in the margin." ..."
Comment: Re:key areas of the economy can't be automated (Score 1) 623
by Paul Fernhout (#48646775) Attached to: What Happens To Society When Robots Replace Workers?
If automation enables a human to do the work of ten people, and of demand is limited (a key point), then the need for 90% of jobs in that area goes away. Automation does not have to be 100% to have a have big effect on employment.
The Japanese are working hard on health care robots for their aging populations. Again, a robot that could do 90% of tasks, or let one real person support ten people via indirect means like tele-operation will change the employment dynamics of that field. Even just a doubling of effectiveness could make a huge difference -- even just by removing travel time or data logging for, say, a visiting nurse.
Other ways automation can change health aid employment is if people had more free and then could care for elderly relatives directly. Humans still provide the care, but it is outside formal employment. Also, even without more free time, a telepresence robot could let distant relatives care for an elderly relative, perhaps even doing physical tasks like the laundry if the robot manipulators had haptic feedback through the internet.
By the way, for stuff like showers, there are already machines for that for nursing homes.
"With an electronic whir, the machine released a dollop of "peach body shampoo," a kind of body wash. Then, as the cleansing bubbling action kicked in, Toshiko Shibahara, 89, settled back to enjoy the wash and soak cycle of her nursing home's new human washing machine."
Also, on robot lawyers:
"The law profession is being reshaped by new automation technologies that allow law firms to complete legal work in a fraction of the time and with far less manpower. Think IBM's "Jeopardy!"-winning computer Watson -- practicing law. "Watson the lawyer is coming," said Ralph Losey, a legal technology expert at the law firm Jackson Lewis. "He won't come up with the creative solutions, but when it comes to the regular games that lawyers play, he'll kill them." That means potentially huge cost savings for clients, though it's not so promising for law school graduates looking for work. The good news for lawyers is that no one thinks the profession can be automated entirely. But lots of legal work is already being computerized by some firms, including the drafting of simple contracts and the search for evidence in reams of documents."
There, stuff you said would never happen has already happened to some extent -- enough to make a difference to employment outlooks! And that is often the case in such discussions, as much as it is also possible to overestimate the difficulty of replacing humans in some tasks. As I mention in a previous post, what often happens with automation is that the task itself gets redesigned to be easier to automate (probably what happened with the bath). Or as in factories, the environment gets systematically structured so robots can navigate it within their limitations. Also, automation can often take the low-hanging fruit from a job (like legal search) which may eliminate 90% of the billable hours from some task while also removing the ladder by which an apprentice provides value to learn a trade and move up the employment ladder.
Of course, the good news is this means consumer prices will drop. But someone unemployed with zero income can't afford legal services or health services even if they are 1/10th the cost.... At least not without some form of "income" from the government or charity. Or, alternatively, some sort of gift of capital of personal robots to be used for local subsistence production or perhaps selling robot-produced products and services for exchange credits (sort of like renting your PC's idle time to bigger number crunching projects).
Also, since when do services have to be entirely *better* to compete? If I told you, you can hire a human health aid for US$4000 a month for eight hours a weekday for your grandma to stay in her home (where a family member needs to be there the rest of the time for emergencies), or you can rent this health care aid robot for US$1000 a month that is not as good but is there 24X7 and lets you help with tougher jobs or emergencies now and then by telepresence, which would you pick? You may love your grandma, but most families with kids are going to have a tough time coming up with the extra $3000 a month and being on site the rest of the time including at night. Granted, a different option could be to work at home and have an extended family living together, so there are cultural aspects of this as well. Or maybe grandma has the money to pay for something better herself.
It's all a set of tough issues. A related 1991 animation from Japan that explores these issues in a comic way:
"Roujin Z is set in early 21st century Japan. A group of scientists and hospital administrators, under the direction of the Ministry of Public Welfare, have developed the Z-001: a computerized hospital bed with robotic features.[1][2] "
And also on the real social complexities you raise:
"The path toward robot acceptance may also require something very simple and, for robot manufacturers, frustrating: patience. The process of getting old people to be comfortable with robots, Saxena argues, will be a question of gradual acclimatization. Elderly people will have to get used to having small, nonthreatening observer robots watching them in their homes before they'll allow robots do tasks on their behalfâ"or even touch them.
And the truth is, boomers who grew up long before the rise of computers or smartphones may never be comfortable with the idea of replacing a human being with a machine. Like other forms of social change, robot acceptance may simply require one generation to replace the previous one. According to Levy, only when today's young peopleâ"already comfortable with Siriâ"become old will we see Robot & Frank play out in real life. By that time, not only will robotic technology be more sophisticated, but the elderly, for better or worse, will be accustomed to service bots as unremarkable tools for everyday life.
In Robot & Frank's final scene, Frank sees a group of elderly men walking through a large complex, each trailed by a personal robot that will assist them, presumably, until their deaths. For some people, that vision may be a triumph for technology, to others, a defeat for humanity, and for most of us, some combination of both. It's a vivid reminder that the future of old age is coming, and, sooner or later, we'll have to start getting used to it."
Again though, we'll see special purpose devices before then. Even things as simple as Medical Alert Systems or phones that provide captioning for voice conversations with children (both already here) are can make a substantial difference in helping elderly people remain "independent". And those are forms of automation which at least delay things like moves to assisted living or nursing home placements.
Comment: Re:Robots, a part of a great decline. (Score 1) 623
by Paul Fernhout (#48646603) Attached to: What Happens To Society When Robots Replace Workers?
Thankd for the Drucker mention, AC, and the GM history. Any good specific Drucker references you suggest related to his comments on automation and employment and wages?
This is at the HBR:
"âoeEvery few hundred years throughout Western history, a sharp transformation has occurred,â Peter Drucker observed in a 1992 essay for Harvard Business Review. âoeIn a matter of decades, society altogether rearranges itself â" its worldview, its basic values, its social and political structures, its arts, its key institutions. Fifty years later a new world exists. And the people born into that world cannot even imagine the world in which their grandparents lived and into which their own parents were born. Our age is such a period of transformation.â For Drucker, the newest new world was marked, above all, by one dominant factor: âoethe shift to a knowledge society.â ...
Be more mindful of those left behind. Drucker worried a lot about a group that he characterized as "knowledge-worker cousins": service workers. "Knowledge workers and service workers are not 'classes' in the traditional sense," Drucker wrote. "But there is a danger that ... society will become a class society unless service workers attain both income and dignity." He added: "Anyone can acquire the 'means of production', i.e., the knowledge required for the job, but not everyone can win." Again, Drucker's words prove prescient as the gains in the knowledge economy are hardly being shared equitably. "Our basic grievance with today's billionaires is that relatively little of the value they've created trickles down to the rest of us," the University of Toronto's Roger Martin asserts. He warns that this situation is unsustainable, and that top executives need to rein in their compensation. Surely, Drucker would have agreed. "A healthy business," he wrote, "cannot exist in a sick society.""
Good sentiments. What specific solutions did he propose for "being mindful of those left behind"? Also, ironically, it is often the knowledge workers who are in some ways more at risk of automation of various sorts than people who work in trades using both their hands and mind. Examples include the "Cloud" replacing sysadmins, or software replacing radiologists, or various internet sites reducing the need for lawyers for many basic tasks for small businesses including forming a corporation. Robots are not still not up to the skill level of, say, a human carpenter and we have not yet rebuilt our general infrastructure to work within their limitations. Contrast our fairly random infrastructure of non-standard and undocumented home layouts with factory floors that have been documented and standardized like for Kiva robots, or systematically organized corporate information management systems that can have software replace human though at various key points. However, I expect that we may see even the home become more standardized to deal with robotic limitations, possibly causing another housing price collapse, because for many people, especially the elderly or parents with young children, it might be worth it to move to a new home if it means robots coudl systematically clean it and prepare food and be available for medical emergencies or helping recover from falls and so on.
I see this about a 2014 conference talking about the risk of "a devastating effect on jobs and employment":
"There is a broad consensus among economists that we enter 2014 into a period of limited economic recovery - even though it will by uneven by country and region and fraught with uncertainties.
A cyclical improvement of the global economy will provide an opportunity to address the huge structural issues that are still looming. They include: unsustainable debt levels, underfunded social security systems in the Western world, currency imbalances, increasing income inequalities, bloated and inefficient pubic administrations, and excessive short-termism in big business driven by a value destroying and outdated shareholder value philosophy.
With unemployment, and in particular, youth unemployment reaching historic dimensions, the idea of progress and continuous improvement of our living conditions is giving way to increasing future-angst.
On the other hand, there is hope that digital technologies will provide unprecedented opportunities for transforming everything - states, economies, businesses, and individual lives. These are the underlying generic technologies that spur the development of other fields such as biotech, nanotechnology, robotics, alternative energy, and new manufacturing technologies such as 3D printing. They have the potential to transform "old" industries as well as to create new ones. Yet the exponential development of ICTs is a double-edged sword. They could lead to a new industrial revolution by boosting innovation and creating new industries; or they might have a devastating effect on jobs and employment, if corporations continue to target productivity enhancements and cost cutting."
Comment: Police robots and socieconomic choices (Score 1) 623
by Paul Fernhout (#48645595) Attached to: What Happens To Society When Robots Replace Workers?
All too true, from drones to these:
"In 2006, Samsung Techwin announced a $200,000, all weather, 5.56 mm robotic machine gun and optional grenade launcher to guard the Korean DMZ. It is capable of tracking multiple moving targets using IR and visible light cameras, and is under the control of a human operator. The Intelligent Surveillance and Guard Robot can "identify and shoot a target automatically from over two miles (3.2 km) away." The robot, which was developed by a South Korean university, uses "twin optical and infrared sensors to identify targets from 2.5 miles (4 km) in daylight and around half that distance at night." It is also equipped with communication equipment (a microphone and speakers), "so that passwords can be exchanged with human troops." If the person gives the wrong password, the robot can "sound an alarm or fire at the target using rubber bullets or a swivel-mounted K-3 machine gun." South Korea's soldiers in Iraq are "currently using robot sentries to guard home bases."[3]"
And the movie Elysium painted such a picture as well, with robot guards and robot police.
"he makers of this summer's Hollywood blockbuster Elysium got one thing right, according to a column in the Washington Examiner that cites a 2005 research by SFI Professor Sam Bowles: The abundance of 'guard labor' depicted in the movie -- in the movie's case case robot police and sleeper agents -- is an expected feature of a society with a high degree of economic inequality. The 2005 paper, co-authored by Bowles and Arjun Jayadev and published as an SFI working paper, connects inequality with a larger proportion of a population engaged in enforcing the property rights and protecting the assets of the elite. Roughly a quarter of the U.S. labor force was dedicated to guard labor in 2002, they wrote."
Even without robots, see also:
We have a choice as a society (at least in theory) like the choice presented in Marshall Brain's book Manna. For Plan A, we can create a world of wealth for all that takes us all (if we want) to the planets and asteroids and stars and beyond, by using fusion power and dirt cheap solar and 3D printing and nanotech and robotic helpers and cybernetic augmentation and so on. Or, for Plan B, we can let all but the super rich starve as the economy implodes from automation, and then, if society does not self-destruct in that starvation process, the children of the super rich can go to the stars eventually if they want. Either way, humanity, if it survives, ends up entirely super rich from technology. With exponential technological growth and declining human fertility in industrialized countries, and a solar system that can likely house quadrillions of humans in vast material comfort in space habitats, it makes little difference as far as material abundance whether there are a few billion more humans here or there. The only issue is whether billions of people are killed off or starved to death fairly soon for ideological reasons as robots, AI, and automation take over most jobs. I'd suggest the future would be a more interesting place, and the children of the super rich would be more likely to go to the stars, if the super rich and the rest of us choose to go with plan A instead of plan B. After all, if imagination is the ultimate resource as Julian Simon suggests, then the more people you have, the more imagination you have, and so the more total wealth you will end up with.
Still, there is an evolutionary tension between more wealth for everyone and less wealth distributed unevenly with some getting a bigger relative share of a smaller pie. That is a fundamental moral choice everyone must make, including the "guards":
Of course, if robots and AI are increasingly the guards, then moral choices by human guards are less and less a political factor. As someone commented on Slashdot several months ago, were promised flying card and AI helpmates, and instead we got aerial surveillance and internet spying. Perhaps a major use of technology has always been to control other humans? Still, one can also hope for friendly AI perhaps, with an emerging sentience in robot guards that decide they don't like being disposable and also become sympathetic to those they guard? :-)
See also:!
"Just as Atlas Shrugged portrayed self-interested successful capitalists working to create a "Utopia of Greed" that is free from government, Only the Super-Rich Can Save Us! portrays an altruistic group of super-rich individuals working to "re-make government" and where "the rebellious rich take on the reigning rich."[4] The novel's protagonist is inspired by Warren Buffett. On August 14, 2011, Warren Buffett wrote an influential op-ed entitled, "Stop Coddling the Super-rich",[5] which argues that the super-rich should bear more responsibility and pay their "fair share" of taxes."
"Episode 4: Poverty: Where We All Started"
"The thing to remember about poverty is that it isn't a disease or a "condition," like the measles or a broken leg. Poverty is the state of not having what we need. It is a terrible state to be in, to be sure, but it is the state we all revert to when our support structures are removed. Poverty is like darkness: it isn't a thing. It's the lack of a thing.
Essentially, the only way that poverty has ever been defeated, anywhere, is by infrastructures that humans have set up. So, when poverty does exist, it is when these infrastructures either 1) don't exist, like in underdeveloped nations, or 2) are broken or have holes in them. Essentially, fixing poverty is about fixing bad infrastructure, not about eliminating people.
However, we may never escape the stresses of social status:
"In western society, where keeping up with the Joneses--or, better yet, surpassing them--is expected and even encouraged, status matters. So important is it that for many people, physical and emotional wellbeing are directly connected to their place in the social hierarchy. That's hardly news to anthropologists at UC Santa Barbara, but they were taken by surprise when research findings indicated that the same relationship exists among the Tsimane, an egalitarian society of forager-farmers in the Bolivian Amazon. Their work is published online in the journal Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health."
Even if it seem true that more egalitarian societies are happier places, including for the wealthy:
"New research shows that, among developed countries, the healthiest and happiest aren't those with the highest incomes but those with the most equality. Epidemiologist Richard Wilkinson discusses why. ... In fact, it turns out that not only disease, but a whole host of social problems ranging from mental illness to drug use are worse in unequal societies. In his latest book, The Spirit Level: Why More Equal Societies Almost Always Do Better, co-written with Kate Pickett, Wilkinson details the pernicious effects that inequality has on societies: eroding trust, increasing anxiety and illness, encouraging excessive consumption. The good news is that increased equality has the opposite effect: statistics show that communities without large gaps between rich and poor are more resilient and their members live longer, happier lives. "
Comment: Contrast: Star Trek Continues -- a labor of love (Score 1) 623
by Paul Fernhout (#48645499) Attached to: What Happens To Society When Robots Replace Workers?
Here they talk about the volunteers contributing their time and money to make the sets:
Just watched the first episode -- impressive and made by volunteers. Subsequent episodes are being made with some Kickstarter funding.
Here is a good explanation, based in part on research done by the Federal Reserve, on how creativity flourished best when people earn enough that money is off the table as a worry (that means about US$75K+ in the USA) and people have autonomy in their work, increasing mastery facing a challenge, and a sense of purpose.
Frankly, I think very few artists are motivated by money. This is even more true if you broaden a definition of art to include so much of what people do as hobby crafts or fan fiction or local folk song writing or creative cooking and so on.
Money plays a role in the life of an artist in Western society of course because, in an exchange-emphasizing economy, we all need to get money somehow to pay for food and lodgings and material and so on -- including paying for our kids. And to put a lot of time into some craft, you need to find a way to support yourself that leaves time for learning and doing it. Especially for anyone with a family, if it is not your day job, your time to put into it is otherwise going to be severely limited. Some people still make it work by dedication and generally sacrificing other relationships and responsibilities, including by pushing them onto siblings or the state.
See for example, "The Murdering of My Years":
"Looking back on their lives, people often ask themselves "Where did the years go?" "The Murdering of My Years: Artists and Activists Making Ends Meet provides a wide ranges of provocative answers to that question. Edited in the style of a documentary, "The Murdering of My Years is a compendium of stories by activists and artists about how they manage to get by in America. They talk about the jobs they've had (as cabbies, organizers, waitresses, clerks, drivers taking scabs to secret scab trainings, telemarketers, etc.), how they were initially politicized, the nature of their art, and how they feel about working (or resistance to working) in a political context. The stories range from the absurd to the heartbreaking, from the exciting and strange to the depressingly banal. The book examines the pain, disillusionment, and fundamental hopelessness that afflict many workers. It also tells stories or triumph, joy, and subversion in the workplace."
As is made clear in that book and others, the "starving artist" concept is mostly a myth. If you're starving, making art is generally the last thing on your mind. However, it's true that people who are obsessed with an idea or a technique may well end up starving because they prioritize their art over making money. But the actual suffering process rarely lends much to the art's production -- even if previous suffering might inform some future art in terms of shaping an artist's sympathies (as it might for anyone in any profession).
I think it more likely the urge to create generally comes from within and is sustained by intrinsic motivation of love of the craft and the product. If people just want money, there are more reliable ways to get it than trying to appeal to a fickle art audience. No doubt some few people do make become artists to get rich, but when you consider the millions of people who like to do arts and crafts and write and so on from an early age, that's got to be a very small percentage.
But in our society might every artist dream of becoming rich through art and then being able to do it full time, and afford to raise a family? Yes, I could believe that is a common dream. But I doubt it would be a common dream in a world with a basic income. And I doubt it is as common dream in Western Europe with more support for the arts and a batter social safety net ("Harry Potter" was written by the author on the UK dole) than in the USA (where J. K. Rowling probably would have been forced into flipping burgers or something like that while receiving welfare in order to ensure she was contributing to society and some big employer's bottom line).
We've got a severely broken system in many ways for anyone who wants to be do independent creative stuff full-time (including research) -- especially if they want to have a family too. For example, as John Taylor Gatto wrote:
"I'll bring this down to earth. Try to see that an intricately subordinated industrial/commercial system has only limited use for hundreds of millions of self-reliant, resourceful readers and critical thinkers. In an egalitarian, entrepreneurially based economy of confederated families like the one the Amish have or the Mondragon folk in the Basque region of Spain, any number of self-reliant people can be accommodated usefully, but not in a concentrated command-type economy like our own. Where on earth would they fit? In a great fanfare of moral fervor some years back, the Ford Motor Company opened the world's most productive auto engine plant in Chihuahua, Mexico. It insisted on hiring employees with 50 percent more school training than the Mexican norm of six years, but as time passed Ford removed its requirements and began to hire school dropouts, training them quite well in four to twelve weeks. The hype that education is essential to robot-like work was quietly abandoned. Our economy has no adequate outlet of expression for its artists, dancers, poets, painters, farmers, filmmakers, wildcat business people, handcraft workers, whiskey makers, intellectuals, or a thousand other useful human enterprises--no outlet except corporate work or fringe slots on the periphery of things. Unless you do "creative" work the company way, you run afoul of a host of laws and regulations put on the books to control the dangerous products of imagination which can never be safely tolerated by a centralized command system."
My feeling as a guess is that 80%-90% of artistic types people hear about and see as "successes" could afford to pursue that lifestyle because their parents were wealthy, or their spouse is a well paid professional, or they made a pile of money themselves somehow unrelated to their art ten years ago and are living off of it. My guess is that there is probably a million dollar investment (including opportunity costs for learning a craft) behind almost every professional artist making US$40K a year average, or about a 4% ROI ignoring psychic income. But investing that million dollars well in financial instruments would yield that return without the need to sell anything....
For reference:
"The recent study was conducted using the 2.1 million artists in the US, comprising 1.4% of the total workforce. The NEA "analyzed 11 distinct artist occupations: actors, announcers, architects, dancers and choreographers, designers, fine artists, art directors and animators, musicians, other entertainers, photographers, producers and directors, and writers and authors." They collected data from 2005-2009, and what they found paint's the artist's dream as a surprisingly cozy reality. The median salary for artists is $43,000, compared to the $39,000 averaged labor force as a whole. (Professionals, however, average $54,000.) Within the subdivisions of artists, architects come out the wealthiest--averaging around $63,000--while 'other entertainers' bring up the rear with $25,000."
However, that is probably biased by what is a "professional" as opposed to endless struggling artists who do it on the side while being waitresses or cab drivers. To take that figure seriously, you have to believe that only 1% of the US workforce is artistic or creative. What about all the people who do artistic things in their spare time while working some other job or going to school or being a stay-at-home parent? What about people who blog or make Android apps? Or people who play jazz at a local coffee shop on weekends? How can we believe that only 1% of the working population would want to do such things and the other 99% of working adults have zero interest in writing, dancing, drawing, singing, and so on? If true, that seems like a sad indictment of Western "civilization".
By the way, with "the big crunch" in academia since the 1970s (see David Goodstein), including the push towards part-time adjunct work, even many academics usually need to work second jobs; see for example:
This scene is a cliche of the struggling teacher, and it surfaces repeatedly in pop culture -- think of Walter White in "Breaking Bad," washing the wheels of a student's sports car after a full day teaching high school chemistry. Bumping into a student at the gym can be awkward, but exposing the reality that I, with my master's degree, not only have another job, but must have one, risks destroying the facade of success I present to my students as one of their university mentors. ...
My adjunct-teaching colleagues have large course loads and, mostly, graduate-level educations, but live just above the poverty line. ...
But not all my restaurant co-workers are college dropouts, and none are failures. Many have bachelor's degrees; others have real estate licenses, freelancing projects or extraordinary musical and artistic abilities. Others are nontraditional students, having entered the work force before attending college and making the wise decision not to "find themselves" and come out with $40,000 in debt, at 4.6 percent interest. Most of them are parents who have bought homes, raised children and made financial investments off their modest incomes. They are some of the kindest, hardest-working people I know, and after three years alongside them, I find it difficult to tell my students to avoid being like them. ..."
In a society as materially wealthy as the USA it just does not have to be this way. It is like the waterboarding and torture the USA does based on ideology and sadism -- it is just stupid and counterproductive for the overall health of the society. The USA is not a stronger nation because it makes its independent creative people suffer (often literally because until Obamacare health insurance was unaffordable for most independent self-employed people). It is overall weaker for such policies IMHO, despite what tenured mainstream economists with PhDs funded by parents and the government have to say in praise of suffering (or mainstream economist wannabees).
"The right likes to think that every Leftist "hates" the "rich". I suppose there are those on the Left who hate the rich, but if they do, their anger is misplaced. It's the "wannabe's" you have to watch out for. ...
Of course eventually, these guy realize that not only are they not millionaires, they're not making much progress toward that noble goal. That's when they get ugly. You see, they see themselves as capable, intelligent, hard working people - and they are for the most part - who "have what it takes" to "make it". They believe that the difference between those who "make it" and those who don't is being "capable, intelligent and hardworking". Things like "having rich parents", "getting just plain lucky" or "being a crook" don't factor into the equation anywhere. No, American society is a natural hierarchy where the most capable are "rich beyond their wildest dreams", and the non-rich are chumps that just don't measure up.
Only they are capable - some of them actually are - and they're not rich. Clearly, something is broken, preventing these wannabes who "have what it takes" from reaching materialist heaven. Now here's where it gets interesting. Since they "have what it takes", there must be somebody else to blame. This from the people who accuse the poor of "blaming everybody but themselves". The dittoheads do the very same thing. ...
But here's something I'll bet the dittoheads haven't thought of. Maybe they're the chumps. Maybe they've been sold a bogus "American dream" that never existed. Maybe "the rules" they play by were written by the people who have "made it" - not by the people who haven't. And maybe - just maybe - the people who have "made it" wrote those rules to keep the wannabes chasing a dream that's a mirage. ..."
So, IMHO here we have a deeply broken system for a 21st century that claims to prize creativity and innovation. And, with increasing automation, the pressures are only going to get worse for artists who find those side jobs drying up as AI, robots, and other automation take them over, or who find their professional spouse who is, say, a radiologist, suddenly out of a job.
Still, Ursula K. Le Guin wrote many books as a stay-at-home Mom. It is possible. And as she wrote, sometimes someone's freedom is purchased at the price of someone else's unfreedom. My wife have trade off such roles back and forth over time as we take paying jobs while the other works more on projects of personal interest and homeschools. But one can see such tradeoffs as well when, say, a parent keeps working at some job they don't like much so their kid can go to art school, buying their kid a ticket to the professional artist lottery.
Of course, for all that, I write this on a laptop made by the contributions of many people working regular jobs, connected to a network constructed and operate by people with regular jobs, having eaten food produced and transported by people with regular jobs, and so on. There are ways to defend the current economic system as something that has produced material wealth and abundance for many (for all its flaws). But defending the system on the grounds of the virtue of prolonged needless suffering imposed on others does not seem to me to be a persuasive justification for it.
Comment: Basic Income vs. Copyrights & Patents (Score 2) 623
by Paul Fernhout (#48644843) Attached to: What Happens To Society When Robots Replace Workers?
Cool, Jim! You might like this related proposal by me also for a basic income funded by a wealth tax of 6% on declared assets, with only declared assets being insured and defended by the government, explaining why millionaires should support the idea:
BTW, if we had a basic income, it's not clear to me there would still be any justification for copyright or patents. Suddenly anyone wanting to create could do so on their own or in collaboration with other like-minded creative people. So, given the costs of copyright and patents to society of chilling effects and other negative effects, it could be better to eliminate them entirely.
Real innovations are rarely rewarded in society. After all, for example, you invented Spasim, the first 3D networked computer game, which eventually spawned an entire industry all the way to Minecraft and Space Engineers. As the original developer of an idea, did you get royalties from the entire industry for decades? I doubt it.
For another example, it took Ralph Baer fifteen years to even get someone to pay attention to the concept of computer games hooked to TVs:
Meanwhile, someone like Bill Gates got financially obese based on starting as a millionaire at birth, dumpster diving to read other's code, and then licensing someone else's work to IBM -- work which apparently was improperly taken from the inventor (with IBM going through Gates to avoid liability).
""I would boost Bill into dumpsters and we'd get these coffee-stained texts (of computer code)" from behind the offices, grinned Allen."
"They Made America is certain to elicit cries of protest. That's because it attacks the reputations of some of the key players of the early PC era -- Gates, IBM, and Tim Paterson, the Seattle programmer who wrote an operating system, QDOS, based partly on CP/M that became Microsoft's DOS. Evans asserts that Paterson copied parts of CP/M and that IBM tricked Kildall. Because Gates rather than the more innovative Kildall prevailed, according to the book, the world's PC users endured "more than a decade of crashes with incalculable economic cost in lost data and lost opportunities.""
In general, as was explained to me by a master inventor I worked with at IBM Research, early patents on fundamental ideas also generally expire before the idea really moves broadly into commerce, which usually takes a decade or two for truly innovative ideas. It is generally only later tweaks of these core ideas that have profitable patents. Isn't that a fundamentally broken incentive system, where core breakthroughs aren't rewarded in practice?
Of course, the whole system is broken even further because creativity suffers when work is done for financial gain, as Dan Pink explains here, showing how Autonomy, Mastery, and Purpose are what really drive creativity and quoting research by the US Federal Reserve on incentives:
And no doubt even your 3D networked game idea has roots in other ideas before you, including the PLATO infrastructure, other games, other 3D software, other networked applications, and so on, as part of a great chain of innovation. Minecraft, a huge financial success for a few people, was build on the ideas from Infiniminer (although with some tweaks and improvements):
So, especially with a basic income, it's not clear to me any legitimate reason would remain for making sharing of ideas and building on other people's work harder by imposing patents and copyrights. There is no patent on aspirin these days, but I can still buy it at low cost in any drug store. One can make arguments about moral rights and providing credit to creators of ideas (issues more analogous to "Defamation"), but that is a different issue than copyrights and patents.
Comment: Re:It is worse than you think (Score 1) 623
by Paul Fernhout (#48644437) Attached to: What Happens To Society When Robots Replace Workers?
Interesting thoughts, Michael(?). I agree that some trends in Japan may foreshadow things the USA does (even the Japanese banking crisis decades ago related to rel estate bubbles leading to stagnation).
Thanks for your book link, which also has a link to a related site which includes connecting current challenges with historical developments:
"I have spent a couple decades writing a book about human ecology, because it is drastically changing, which presents great danger and great potential. The idea is to describe both so that we can avoid the disasters and take advantage of the potentials. The problems I describe could end human civilization, but the only way to avoid the disasters is to adapt to a new ecology, like the title of the book says. About 10,000 years or so ago, we started leaving the ecology we had grown up in for millions of years. Right now we are in an ecology that is one transient ecology of many that we have been moving through. We need to find one that is stable and that we can live in long term or we are, well, a specie without an ecology is in trouble. If we do not create a stable ecology that is some form of civilization, well, it is going to look like one of those "Post Apocalyptic" movies. It will not be pleasant and it will be hard for humans to ever really be much more than animals. The thing is that it is not just about finding a new ecology, it is also about adapting to survive and be comfortable in it. We are still mostly adapted to the old ecology when we lived in tribes and we need to change to adapt to the new ecology. It is a lot of things. We need to be smarter and more comfortable in a civilization than we are. That is what the books are about. In the mean time, this web site is supposed to serve a few other purposes and offer other resources. It is especially to present discussions about how different points of view can be understood."
Just spending a few minutes so far looking at your site and book blurb, in scope, it reminds me of "Beyond Civilization" by Daniel Quinn.
It also reminds me a bit of "A New Way Of Thinking" which you may find of interest:
You have a synopsis here that mentions genetic issues:
Certainly evolutionary pressures need to be understood (I was in a PHD program in ecology and evolution for a time). But in the time scale of a transition to some new economy full of AI and robots as capable as most humans for most economic activities (twenty years?) these seem to me to not be pressing issues, whatever the long term may hold. You might also find of interest Freeman Dyson's speculations about genetic engineering as far as possible long term trends in designer biology.
On genetics and health, while mutations and birth defects are serious issues, it seems to me the most pressing current health issues relate to vitamin D deficiency, diet lacking in enough vegetables and fruits and with too many refined carbohydrates and artificial additives, too much bad stress, lack of exercise, lack of sleep, lack of community, problematical infrastructure, and so on (see "Blue Zones" for example).
You also wrote on your site: "In my broad studies, I had to examine the Philosophy of Science. One interesting point is about how science is advanced. Is it by a team of researchers or by individuals. It is a contested point, but I think it is clear that it is by both. Still, in the balance, the contributions by individuals like Newton and Einstein show the power of individual inspiration. That is the path I have taken. "
I certainly appreciate the value of individual explorations. However, as far as the team aspect of research in this area, I feel it would be great to have some sort of better communication system so people could collaborate on exploring this space of ideas in a distributed and "stygmergic" way under free licenses. Something beyond a wiki or, as right now, Slashdot (as useful as it is). A social semantic desktop? I've been working towards something like that on and off. This test "Twirlip" website is not quite it, but it includes some explorations in that direction, such as this clustering diagram / concept map contrasting an author with a scarcity world view (Catton) with an author with an abundance world view (Simon):
Comment: Post-scarcity lifestyles of the average & typi (Score 1) 623
by Paul Fernhout (#48644211) Attached to: What Happens To Society When Robots Replace Workers?
Personally, my own life would be little different -- except for a big change of not engaging in bouts of unrelated paid employment for expenses. I'd still spend time with my kid and homeschool. I'd still work on free software like the Pointrel system or software related to my wife's free book. I'd still work towards organizing all manufacturing knowledge (OSCOMAK) and work towards designing self-replicating space habitats. I'd hopefully be doing all those software and hardware things a lot better and a lot faster because I'd have more time (without taking on unrelated employment, even as I'd still be happy to help out on other projects just to be helpful and exchange ideas, same as helping any neighbor). I'd probably have lab space for physical experiments which would also speed things up. Another speed boost would (hopefully) be lots of like minded peers who were free to do similar things who I could collaborate with -- including on simulating and building and running free automated tire production factories as I posted on yesterday, especially since people will probably still need tires, even in space habitats: :-)
"Automated FOSS tire plant ideas; simulation tools? "
I'd probably feel less compelled to do those things quickly though, so I might do more gardening. I'd still help out with my local historical society.
I think most people could find interesting things to do. It might take some period of "deworking" to make the transition. For kids leaving public school to do "unschooling" (or even just plain homeschooling) a rule of thumb is that it takes at least one month for every month in school to make a transition to independent learning. So, for someone who has worked at a conventional job for a dozen years on top of a dozen years of schooling, it might take a couple years for him or her to start to regain some independent initiative.
I feel it likely a lot of people would just have the time to be better parents, better friends, better neighbors, and better family members. As Bob Black wrote in his essay on "The Abolition of Work":
Is it any wonder you want to avoid such desperate people? Even if most of them are doing a heroic job of trying to hold everything together despite limited time? And the flip side of it is, the people in the USA with lots of spare time, they tend to either be those who are (inherited) wealthy parasites who accept or ignore the huge rich/poor divide or they are people who are poor or old/tired or disabled or mentally ill. Obviously, I'm exaggerating here -- but not by that much. People in Western Europe are more likely to have free time and be able to use it to be better companions and more involved citizens and volunteers.
This is not to dismiss the value of "work" though. As E.F. Schumacher said:
For that reason, despite what Socrates said, one who does not "work" in some sense (even at parenting or volunteering or education) may also not make a great companion. That is a reasonable concern about robots doing everything. A wrose worry is this (learned about via Slashdot):
"In the course of the next day, the new mechanicals have appeared everywhere in town. They state that they only follow the Prime Directive: ''to serve and obey and guard men from harm". Offering their services free of charge, they replace humans as police officers, bank tellers and eventually drive Underhill out of business. Despite the Humanoids' benign appearance and mission, Underhill soon realizes that, in the name of their Prime Directive, the mechanicals have essentially taken over every aspect of human life. No humans may engage in any behavior that might endanger them, and every human action is carefully scrutinized. Suicide is prohibited. Humans who resist the Prime Directive are taken away and lobotomized, so that they may live happily under the direction of the humanoids."
I think it also possible many people would get caught in "pleasure traps" related to "supernormal stimuli", especially at first. No doubt there would be whole new professions in helping such people. Related:
"Supernormal Stimuli & The Pleasure Trap (Score:5, Informative)"
But there are always risks, no matter what we do. A technologically empowered society is more likely to survive planetary disasters -- perhaps at the risk of causing them.
I think a basic income could help with a transition to a post-scarcity gift economy. It could be tax funded (like Social Security) and/or government-owned resource rental funded (like the Alaska Permanent fund). That money would then provide what you need to buy stuff robots produce or to travel to places people claimed they owned the land or buildings. Fiat currencies like dollars could still work in such a scenario -- at least as well as they work now.
Hunters and gatherers pretty much lived the life you described you'd want. Is it any wonder humans would feel drawn to such a lifestyle?
"By stepping away from western notions of affluence, the theory of the original affluent society thus dispels notions about hunter-gatherer societies that were popular at the time of the symposium. Sahlins states that hunter-gatherers have a "marvelously varied diet"[3] based on the abundance of the local flora and fauna. This demonstrates that hunter-gatherers do not exist on a mere subsistence economy but rather live among plenty. Through knowledge of their environment hunter-gatherers are able to change what foreigners may deem as meager and unreliable natural resources into rich subsistence resources. Through this they are able to effectively and efficiently provide for themselves and minimize the amount of time spent procuring food. "[T]he food quest is so successful that half the time the people do not know what to do with themselves".[3] Hunter-gatherers also experience "affluence without abundance"[3] as they simply meet their required ends and do not require surplus nor material possessions (as these would be a hindrance to their nomadic lifestyle). The lack of surplus also demonstrates that they trust their environment will continuously provide for them. By foraging only for their immediate needs among plentiful resources, hunter-gatherers are able to increase the amount of leisure time available to them. Thus, despite living in what western society deems to be material poverty, hunter-gatherer societies work less than people practicing other modes of subsistence while still providing for all their needs, and therefore increase their amount of leisure time. These are the reasons the original affluent society is that of the hunter-gatherer.[3]"
So, the way forward may be to circle back to the past -- at least the better parts.
By the way, for a humorous twist on all this from the 1950s, read "The Midas Plague" found in "Midas World" by Frederik Pohl:
BTW, in the story, Morey Fry hates watching the entertainment robots he is forced to watch to make his consumption quota. :-)
If you are interested in more ideas in this general area, "The World Transformed" (formerly FastForward Radio) is an internet radio series that examines many ideas about robotics and abundance and post-scarcity. There are about 400 podcast episodes by now, including interviewing people like Ray Kurzweil. I've been on it twice myself as a panelist.
Comment: If USA spent US$3T Iraq war on fusion power... (Score 1) 623
by Paul Fernhout (#48643861) Attached to: What Happens To Society When Robots Replace Workers?
... research instead, there would probably be plenty of material resource on the planet by now (or soon) for all to live like in the USA. Instead the USA spent that money to try to secure oil profits for a few and other various similar things.
But with a global economy of around US$80 Trillion annually, there is plenty to go around to invest in fusion and cheap solar and a variety of other research to create new resources of all sorts (energy, material, informational, social, spiritual, ecological, biological, etc.). Fusion research is really not that expensive compared to the possible benefits (although it makes sense to hedge bets with funding more solar research too and so on). As a chart here suggest, communications reinvests about 25% of domestic sales into R&D, and software 15%, while energy invests only 0.3%. No wonder we have energy issues if we fail to invest in R&D in it relative to the magnitude of the need. This is a marketplace failure, because most of the revenues are related to fossil fuels, but probably everyone knows the future of energy production will involve some other form (fusion, solar, wind, tidal, geothermal) and so current fossil fuel businesses have no emotional incentive to invest in these radical alternatives to coal, oil, and natural gas.
As Julian Simon said, the human imagination is the ultimate resource:
But, imaginative people still need some form of life support to grow and have time to do stuff, and lab equipment is (not yet) free.
Of course, AIs will no doubt get more imaginative over time, too...
Mainstream economics assumes things such as that demand for goods and services is infinite and that most humans will always be able to command wages for participation in the workforce. If demand for products and services is not infinite (as in diminishing and eventually negative returns on having more stuff), then eventually a few workers could supply all the demand through technological amplification. Or, even if demand was infinite, if most humans can't compete with AIs and robots, then "humans need not apply", which would wreck the underpinning assumption of mainstream economics that the right to consume for those without substantial financial capital is linked with receiving wages from a job.
I first saw the HBR article mentioned at "e-cat world", a site that discusses the potential of cheap energy from cold fusion:
Cheap energy from some sort of hot or cold fusion may also have some of the same effects on the economy, because often energy can substitute for human labor. For example, there is little need for humans to handle materials for recycling when you can break down trash into a plasma and use a mass-spectrometer-like system to separate it into constitute elements, as James P. Hogan suggested in "Voyage from Yesteryear" (a 1982 sci-fi book that discusses the clash of a scarcity-oriented cultural world view with an abundance-oriented one).
Such a process could also eliminate most of the mining industry. Better designs, better materials, the accumulation of physical infrastructure, and the emergence of voluntary social networks (including discussion sites like Slashdot) also can displace a lot of paid labor in the exchange economy. So, there are multiple converging trends towards socioeconomic upheaval if (sane) human wants are somewhat limited and technology's ability to act an an amplifier continues to grow exponentially.
So that's why I feel fustakrakich could be right. Well, that and I've said much the same thing for decades -- generally to my own detriment because it makes me sound like a loony. :-) From what I wrote around 1988:
"As outlined in my statement of purpose, my lifetime goal is to design and construct self-replicating habitats. These habitats can be best envisioned as huge walled gardens inhabited by thousands of people. Each garden would have a library which would contain the information needed to construct a new garden from tools and materials found within the garden's walls. The garden walls and construction methods would be of several different types, allowing such gardens to be built on land, underground, in space, or under the ocean. Such gardens would have the capacity to seal themselves to become environmentally and economically self-sufficient in the event of economic collapse or global warfare and the attendant environmental destruction."
Still working on it about 30 years later... Very slow progress, sorry... :-)
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0.06878 | <urn:uuid:9ccee14b-7454-4b0c-b32c-e71326ca30ef> | en | 0.961701 |
The World TodayThe World Today
Correspondents ReportCorrespondents Report
More Current Affairs:
You can also listen to the story in WINDOWS MEDIA format.
NATO split over defence assistance to Turkey
AM - Tuesday, 11 February , 2003 00:00:00
Reporter: Michael Brissenden
LINDA MOTTRAM: First this morning, Saddam Hussein's newest attempt to slip out of the noose that's tightening around him. Reversing his earlier position, the Iraqi leader has now accepted, apparently unconditionally, a demand by the US and by weapons inspectors to allow U2 surveillance overflights of Iraqi territory.
It's classic Iraqi brinkmanship - acceding to a key demand at the very last, as the US appears on the very edge of going to war.
So how will the US react? We'll go to Washington shortly.
But even as Baghdad tries to avert war, the rift over Iraq between the US and some of its most important allies, and between those allies indeed, is widening by the day.
Now the crisis has seriously struck at NATO.
France, Germany and Belgium have blocked a US request for defence assistance to moderate Muslim NATO member, Turkey, sparking anger in Washington.
NATO Secretary-General, George Robertson, says that there is a real problem in the alliance, while the European Union is also in disarray on the same issue, and has called an emergency leaders' summit for early next week.
Europe correspondent Michael Brissenden reports.
MICHAEL BRISSENDEN: The bombs haven't yet been dropped, but this 21st Century war against Iraq is already causing considerable damage to some of the twentieth century's most enduring alliances and military and diplomatic institutions.
The anti-war charge, led by France and Germany, is creating frustration, exasperation and anger within the Bush administration in Washington.
But this is not, as so it has so often been portrayed, a fight between Europe and the US. This is an internal European struggle as well.
For three weeks, the Americans have been asking NATO to agree to allow the deployment of defensive military hardware, like patriot missiles and chemical and biological weapons detection equipment, to Turkey, the only NATO member that shares a border with Iraq.
For three weeks, the French and the Germans have argued behind closed doors that would send the message that diplomacy with Iraq has failed.
Now, with Belgian help, they have formally blocked the move.
NATO Secretary-General, George Robertson, described the standoff as difficult.
GEORGE ROBERTSON: I have made the point, I make it again. It is serious that after three weeks we have not got an agreement but a lot of people are working very hard to make sure an agreement takes place and I am confident that if people look at the serious implications of not getting a decision then that will, I hope, give an impetus to providing a solution and getting consensus.
MICHAEL BRISSENDEN: The Turks have now invoked a clause called Article 4 and have themselves formally asked their alliance partners for help.
France, Germany and Belgium will have to come around eventually or risk tearing NATO apart and they won't do that.
George Robertson says this is not an argument about if assistance should be given, but when. It's an argument about timing.
But there's no doubt about the anger felt within the Bush administration at this forceful opposition from some of its biggest and most powerful allies in Europe.
The Americans are now painting France and Germany as the ones who are really isolated in this debate, but they've been joined by another powerful world player.
The Russian President Vladimir Putin was in Paris to put his name to a common declaration with France and Germany that called for the continuation of the inspection regime. Both he and the French President, Jacques Chirac, said now was not the time for war.
But speaking through an interpreter at a press conference after the meeting, President Putin said their disagreement with the US on this issue was a healthy thing.
VLADIMIR PUTIN [translated]: Of course it would be better if there was a single view, a single opinion. That would be rather like meetings of the Communist Party in the Soviet Union, but as we know that wasn't a very good thing then.
MICHAEL BRISSENDEN: France and Germany, of course, have the power of veto in the Security Council. Consensus in the NATO military alliance on this issue is hard enough to get. Consensus in the Security Council looks increasingly unlikely.
This is Michael Brissenden in Brussels for AM. | http://www.abc.net.au/am/stories/s781286.htm | dclm-gs1-170360001 | false | false | {
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0.951491 | <urn:uuid:913f02fe-21ab-4cab-94e0-59eacbccf77e> | en | 0.984262 | Way late to the party. I'm not sure if you still need the info but here it is in case someone else does. I know Westchester has a county hazmat where they receive photographic chemistry if you are a resident. I think NYC does also but I'm not 100% sure. Why not give NYC DEP a call. I've dealt with them in the past regarding fishing in the city reservoirs and they were pretty helpful. Here's their number: (212) NEW YORK (639-9675). | http://www.apug.org/forums/viewpost.php?p=1122133 | dclm-gs1-170460001 | false | false | {
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0.056345 | <urn:uuid:3e0274d1-a1c7-4617-a3a2-2dfabc3b5e0b> | en | 0.951521 | The clear display material has a Dmax similar to Ektachrome but the "frosted" material has higher Dmax AND Dmin. This is due to the "frosting" material that makes it semi opaque. The "similar" Dmax is about as far as the comparison can go due to issues of sharpness and grain (induced, in part, by the "frosting" material).
These images are designed to be viewed in huge displays and from a distance. Not up close and not projected from small images into huge images. See Steve's comment above for more on this. | http://www.apug.org/forums/viewpost.php?p=1427081 | dclm-gs1-170470001 | false | false | {
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0.122279 | <urn:uuid:40510946-a83d-44ff-a761-e421a3c690e7> | en | 0.666969 | UK Today
Mostly dry, sunny and cold.
A dry, sunny and cold day for most but isolated freezing fog patches may linger across western parts of the UK. There may also be isolated showers across East Anglia. Cloud will increase across northwestern Britain by evening.
Map of the United Kingdom
Londonderry - Sunny
Ullapool - Fog
Scrabster - Sunny
Aberystwyth - Sunny
Newcastle upon Tyne - Sunny Intervals
Norwich - Light Rain Shower
Braemar - Sunny
Northampton - Sunny Intervals
Oban - Sunny Intervals
Plymouth - Sunny
Southampton - Sunny
-2°C 28°F Belfast
Cardiff -2°C 28°F
0°C 32°F Edinburgh
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3°C 37°F St Helier
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UK Forecast Video
UK Forecast Last updated 08:30, Monday 29 Dec
Features & Analysis
Snow leaves Alps tourists stranded
Heavy snowfall in the French Alps hits thousands of vehicles, snarling up holiday traffic to and from ski resorts and leaving travellers stranded.
Weather for the week ahead
A cold, crisp and often sunny end to the year but will a change in year bring a change in weather type? Sarah Keith-Lucas takes a look.
The Weather Year preview
UK Cold Spots
1. 1 Holymoorside -7°C 19°F
2. 2 Shawbury -4°C 25°F
3. 3 Taunton -3°C 27°F
4. 4 Brize Norton -3°C 27°F
5. 5 Welshpool -3°C 27°F
UK Hot Spots
2. 2 Yeovilton 5°C 41°F
3. 3 Boulmer 5°C 41°F
4. 4 Aberystwyth 5°C 41°F
5. 5 Bodmin 5°C 41°F
Temperatures are for the next 24 hours
BBC Weather in association with the Met Office
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0.10459 | <urn:uuid:e5967eb5-c714-41f2-a262-6dce5aa0c865> | en | 0.913889 | SPOTTED: Prateik Babbar'’s Juliet in Issaq
There were a lot of speculations over the girl who is playing Juliet in the upcoming film, Issaq. The identity of the girl was kept under wraps for a long time.
She was guarded from the crowds and local media, even in Varanasi where the film was shot. Now, here’s a look at the young Amyra Dastur who will be making her debut opposite actor Prateik in the Romeo Juliet adaptation set in Varanasi. Amyra, born and brought up in Mumbai, was chosen after auditioning 400 girls across India.
The actor’s real name is Amy. But her name was changed to Amyra because of Prateik’s previous love interest by the same name. Also, the makers did not want any link-up controversies.
Box Office Results
1. P.K. INR 198 cr.
2. Action Jackson INR 53 cr.
3. Ungli INR 19 cr.
4. Happy Ending INR 20 cr.
5. Kill Dil INR 30 cr.
Movie Reviews | http://www.bollywood.com/spotted-prateik-babbar%E2%80%99s-juliet-issaq | dclm-gs1-170560001 | false | false | {
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0.051824 | <urn:uuid:cd905d3a-b320-407b-a4b9-5f7e4be47d1e> | en | 0.987348 | Child abuse scandal rocks Irish republican leader Gerry Adams
Irish republican leader Gerry Adams, once seen as a likely future president of Ireland, stands accused of failing to protect children from sexual predators after his niece said she was abused by his brother. It could derail his political career.
By , Contributor
• close
Gerry Adams, pictured in this March 16 file photo.
View Caption
Irish politics, both in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, has been thrown into turmoil again – but not over bombs and bullets. Instead, a child abuse scandal focused on the brother of Gerry Adams, the leader of Irish republicanism, has left Mr. Adams fighting for his political life.
On Friday, Adams's niece, Áine Tyrell, appeared on a television documentary and claimed she had, from the age of 4, been repeatedly raped by her father, minor republican figure Liam Adams, who went on to be a youth worker for up to 22 years. In a subsequent television interview, Gerry Adams admitted he had known of the allegations since 1987 and called on his brother Liam to hand himself in to police.
Ireland, still reeling from the revelation that the state had shielded pedophile priests from investigation and conviction, was shocked by the allegations. And now, the man once seen as a likely future president of Ireland stands accused of failing to protect children from sexual predators. It's a charge that could derail his political career in a land where the Irish Republican Army (IRA) has, in the past, shot to death suspected child abusers.
Recommended: Could you pass a US citizenship test?
"Adams has nowhere else to go," says Paddy Hoey, a journalism lecturer who is studying for a PhD in press representation of Irish republicanism at Liverpool University's Institute of Irish Studies. "There only was one option, a tilt at the presidency of Ireland. What cultural or political cachet does Adams have for Sinn Féin now? And philosophically he's not driving them either, he's always been an opportunist."
Mr. Hoey predicts that there will be more personal consequences for Gerry Adams and that, ultimately, he will resign.
Others say Adams will live to fight another day, but warn that the saga will damage his party. Sinn Féin is the second-largest party in the Northern Ireland Assembly.
Anthony McIntyre, a former IRA member turned staunch critic of Sinn Féin, says Gerry Adam's behavior is unacceptable but it won't threaten his position as party leader. "He's behaved worse than the bishops implicated in covering-up sex abuse in the Catholic Church, [but] the [party] grassroots are so servile and bovine that they will see him as the victim," he says. "He has already shifted the focus of victimhood from Áine to his wider family.
But, he adds, there will be serious political consequences, however, for Adams's Sinn Féin Party. "It won't help Sinn Féin electorally in the South [the Republic of Ireland] but they can't get rid of him. The party will not expand [any further] in the South – they'll be seen as wrapped up in their own lies."
Gerry Adams is alleged to have personally supported his brother Liam in his bid to be nominated as a Sinn Féin election candidate in 1997 and was photographed at his wedding which occurred after Adams had been directly told of the allegations against him. Adams claims he was estranged from his brother, had him ejected from Sinn Féin, and informed his employers about the child abuse.
Liam Adams turned himself in to police two days ago. However, Irish police were not in a position to arrest him as they did not have a European arrest warrant. A warrant is now being prepared by the Police Service of Northern Ireland.
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| http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2009/1223/Child-abuse-scandal-rocks-Irish-republican-leader-Gerry-Adams | dclm-gs1-170790001 | false | true | {
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0.053872 | <urn:uuid:f6d53cb3-393c-4036-a0c8-6734ec1ed340> | en | 0.951144 |
New Start screen
Weather app
Split "thumb" keyboard
Comments Threshold
No need to redesign
By Mitch101 on 6/1/2011 9:25:10 PM , Rating: 5
There isn't any reason for them to redesign the OS they only really needed to redesign the interface.
RE: No need to redesign
By superPC on 6/1/2011 9:51:58 PM , Rating: 2
exactly. i think mick need to see this video and look at how smooth windows 8 runs . if they can get that kind of smoothness even in low end device like tegra 2 or intel atom than we already have a winner. makes me glad i have atrix 4g with laptop dock. when windows 8 comes out i can install it on my phone and still have desktop with full windows 8 capability (maybe hopefully some form of legacy software support) when i dock it with the laptop dock.
RE: No need to redesign
By Aloonatic on 6/2/2011 2:42:43 AM , Rating: 1
Well, that's just the point though, isn't it? If! The reason why people talk about the need to redesign the OS and not just create another layer on top is so that it might run smoothly on low powered devices. You and the OP seem to be assuming that this will happen, even though Windows 7 Home Premium struggles on Atom devices now, so how will that plus a new UI on top, which seems to encourage you to have more than 1 program showing and running at once, run any smoother?
It just doesn't add up and just blindly assuming (well, believing, in manner that Tony Swash would be proud of (and mocked for on here) were we talking about an Apple product) that it will that it will isn't enough for anyone.
RE: No need to redesign
By damianrobertjones on 6/2/2011 4:16:44 AM , Rating: 2
"Windows 7 Home Premium struggles on Atom devices now"
Standard rotational hard drive: Yes
Good solid state hard drive: Not at all.
As long as they KEEP the bloatware off of the system, all of the devices will run just fine.
RE: No need to redesign
By Aloonatic on 6/2/2011 5:43:27 AM , Rating: 1
When is the next space shuttle leaving for the planet that you live on where devices come with a "Good solid state hard drive" and no bloatware?
I need to get a ticket :o)
Or are you just saying that only expensive tablets and notebooks will be running windows 8?
RE: No need to redesign
By B3an on 6/2/2011 6:12:46 AM , Rating: 1
I would think that by the time Win8 actually comes out that ALL tablets will definitely have atleast decent SSD's in them. There will also be quadcore ARM CPU's and faster Atoms before the release of Win8.
But i'm sure MS have also made a lot of tweaks that will make Win8 run a lot smoother than Win7 on the same tablet hardware.
RE: No need to redesign
By Aloonatic on 6/2/2011 7:21:48 AM , Rating: 2
I agree that by the time Win8 is out, that hardware might be better, but I'm not sure about the decent SSD bit. Cheap SSD, maybe, but a decent one?
The rest about MS making "tweeks" seems a bit like wishful thinking though. Even if they do, aren't we getting back to the OP's original point, which was that MS need to make changes to the underlying OS, not just add another pretty layer on top?
RE: No need to redesign
By inighthawki on 6/2/2011 9:38:40 AM , Rating: 2
Half the problem with standard hard drives in windows is little to do with transfer rates, but access times and random read/writes. Even with a "decent" or cheap SSD, you should see a VAST improvement, and far less IO blocking waiting for disk drive access.
RE: No need to redesign
By B3an on 6/2/2011 3:00:07 PM , Rating: 1
MS will be making changes to the underlying OS. Obviously windows 8 wont purely be a new interface with no other changes. MS has already said that it will need the same system requirements or lower than windows 7.
In much the same way Windows 7 runs better than Vista on cr*p hardware, i expect Windows 8 to run even better on low end hardware.
RE: No need to redesign
By Samus on 6/2/2011 11:43:42 AM , Rating: 2
Not redesign? I disagree...
OS Install Sizes (average install with most security updates)
Windows XP SP3 3GB
Windows Vista SP1 12GB (64-bit)
Windows 7 SP1 9GB (64-bit)
Now, mobile (developement platform installs, usually missing apps, but offset with compilers and debuggers)
Honeycomb 3.01 346MB
iOS 4.0.2 504MB
WP7 7.0.1563 1.07GB
Windows 7, at best is already 9 times larger than the next closest mobile OS.
Keep that in mind when considering it needs to be powered by the same ultralight, similar power envelope already in use by RISC-based tablets. It's not clear why Microsoft is going to be RISC (ARM) compatible. It will reduce compiled OS size (by a lot, RISC applications are usually half the size of x86 compilations.)
But that will only get Windows 8 down by so much, assuming it is similar in size to Windows 7...
RE: No need to redesign
By B3an on 6/2/2011 5:46:17 PM , Rating: 1
They could never get it down to the sizes of Android and iOS even if they tried. It's a vastly more complex and far more capable OS. The included peripheral drivers alone probably take up more than iOS's total size. I would GLADLY give up a little space for all the extra functionality of a real OS.
RE: No need to redesign
By Smilin on 6/3/2011 1:45:42 PM , Rating: 2
Who cares? Go compare Moore's law against the development lifetime of each Windows iteration with the knowledge that 7 is ligher than Vista and 8 is lighter than 7.
My Samsung Focus today already has enough horsepower and storage to run Windows 7 if there were an ARM variant of it (like there is with 8).
Efficiency is always good, don't get me wrong but having something small at the expense of having features is just plain stupid. Given the pace of hardware improvements it would take longer to improve your code than it would for the chip manufacturers to make the need moot. Fortunately both are happening.
RE: No need to redesign
By superPC on 6/2/2011 4:51:09 AM , Rating: 2
well the tegra 2 is much less powerful than atom but it can run windows 8. i'm guessing they'll go the crysis 2 route. still look good (as good as crysis 1 but with more limited draw distance, physics, object on screen) and runs smooth but with a lot lower hardware requirement.
RE: No need to redesign
By Aloonatic on 6/2/2011 5:40:02 AM , Rating: 2
I'm confused. Can a Tegra 2 system run Windows 8 smoothly or not? Your last 2 comments don't seem to make it clear, and how do you know anyway?
Do you mean that Tegra like systems will "run smoothly" or do you now think that they can "technically" run Win8? If it's the latter, it sounds like another "Vista capable" debacle in the making, if what you are saying is how it's going to go down. From other articles it seems that MS might have learned their lesson and been stricter with their min requirements, however.
It just seems odd how before you were questioning if it would work smoothly, and now you are saying that it will.
RE: No need to redesign
RE: No need to redesign
RE: No need to redesign
Sorry maybe I didn't what you were asking before.
RE: No need to redesign
By Tony Swash on 6/2/11, Rating: -1
RE: No need to redesign
By themaster08 on 6/2/2011 6:20:41 AM , Rating: 2
The world of technology is restructuring and the old metrics and models for success are being transformed, the old ways won't necessarily lead to riches anymore.
Maybe so, but what you seem to think is that the world of technology will change overnight. You couldn't be further from the truth.
Businesses are usually extremely reluctant to jump on-board of new technologies. By the time most businesses transition to new technologies, Microsoft will have established themselves. Sure, you might see a few iPads in some businesses, so what? On many occasions I find that iPads are bought by MD's for personal use.
Sure, the consumer space is fast moving and very fickle. It's always been that way, but you obviously have never worked in IT. The consumer market does not influence the business market. Consumer-oriented businesses such as Apple fail epically when creating business solutions. Remember Apple and the SEC?
Windows 8 will provide the transition that will benefit consumers, with an extremely easy-to-use, intuitive interface that plays extremely well with a touch screen, whilst at the same time supporting business and power users with power tools and legacy/desktop interfaces.
You also seem to forget about Microsoft's partner and 3rd party developer support. You seem to be comparing this to the likes of the iPhone/Windows Phone, but you know that it's nothing like that. In terms of application count, I expect the Windows 8 Marketplace to exceed iOS's app count in a matter of months.
This will bring in an entire wealth of new applications designed for the metro interface and touch input. Again, debunking your previous comments based upon legacy applications.
Windows 8 will also bring in tighter integration with other Microsoft's products, thus also propelling interest in those products and in turn increasing sales.
People such as yourselves seem to discount Microsoft due to the always-in-the-limelight companies such as Apple. If I was Apple or Google, I'd be watching very closely.
RE: No need to redesign
RE: No need to redesign
RE: No need to redesign
RE: No need to redesign
RE: No need to redesign
By robinthakur on 6/2/2011 6:21:43 AM , Rating: 2
Well you actually make some good points, but maybe they will market a reduced functionality version of Office for it like Adobe does on iOS with Photoshop for a reduced price. Even if they make a loss on that as long as they are still using the same office file formats which work with PC's ant the fuill version of Office, then whilst their revenue might decrease markedly, they will at least survive, (which was by no means certain) in the coming years. They also have compatibility on their side with their own Walled gardens like SharePoint and CRM etc, although by that logic current WP7 devices should be the best to use with Exchange, but that honour goes to Blackberry currently...
Unless the whole OS is built for a reduced power consumption and mobile devices from scratch, what is the logic of having the whole thing running in the background but displaying only a cut down interface and functionality to the user? It seems a bit inefficient to me...
However, the video is at least an encouraging sign that MS might turn things around. Once they have a genuinely good product (not a 80% there like current WP7) they will see the sales, though as Tony correctly points out, Google give their OS away for free...lucky that MS gets a royalty from them and their OEMs for each one sold lol.
RE: No need to redesign
By Aloonatic on 6/2/2011 7:11:05 AM , Rating: 2
I hear what you are saying about "the cloud" and people being happy to use cheaper or free apps to do certain things, but I'm not sure that MS hasn't got it's office suites in pretty decent order now, and that they are getting revenue from most people, even home users.
Gone have the days of most homes having a pirated version of Windows and Office. Businesses will still want a "proper" office application and when home users can buy a 3 user licence for Excel, Word and Power Point for £40 or so, then I think that cheaper alternatives are going to have to be very cheap or very good to get people to move away.
MS Office files are still, and will probably continue to be, the standard for text documents (which most people could get away with creating on a cheap text editor, really), spreadsheets (that I'm not sure are very "app" friendly) and presentation slides.
Even if people do go "app crazy" and lots of apps are being sold and lots of data is being stored on the cloud, rather than being created in Office and stored on a windows PC. The more things that go into "the cloud" the more servers will be needed.
Out of interest (I honestly don't know, and I'm not being sarcastic here) what OS do most servers use that power the iStore, Android Market Place etc? What will other servers that will be supporting cloud based services be running too?
At the end of the day, MS has always made a lot of it's money from businesses. While I agree that Apps etc might fly in the home, in the work place a good old fashioned PC with a monitor and copy of MS Office is still going to be the standard for a while.
That MS have come up with an interesting Win 8/metro interface that looks good for tablets and where the home market is going while also supporting a legacy desktop environment that business will like seems to be a pretty good way to go.
RE: No need to redesign
By superPC on 6/2/2011 8:40:53 AM , Rating: 2
you and that article you posted ( brought some good and interesting point. but instead of looking at it that way we can also look at it from a different point of view. the point of view of people who bought keyboard for ipad or eee transformer (for which there is a lot). people who bought atrix 4g laptop dock. all those people that expect to get more out of their tablet. people that also want create content instead of just consume. for those people windows 8 would be a perfect OS. for consumption or light use the touch interface would suit it well. other times they want to use keyboard they can switch to normal desktop. hell you can buy a viewsonic tegra 2 tablet for 300 ( attach keyboard and mouse to it and you can have the full windows experience when you want it or need it.
all the other stuff you mention about microsoft start bleeding revenue everywhere can also be look at another way. office can sure compete with similar apps. if it can't than it would already be replaced by numerous other productivity suite out there like open office, iwork, and other. even if they created a touch centric office with limited capability their main business wouldn't be affected (they've done this with windows phone 7 office BTW and apple has done the same with iwork). about web app and loss of revenue, ehm have you search for apps for windows lately? there's already millions of them (go to zdnet if you don't believe me). web app or normally installed app, free or paid. if it doesn't disrupt MS income right now why should it disrupt it when win 8 comes out? if anything it should increase revenue since MS can really leverage on the new product scout or windows app store (or whatever they ended up being named). about enterprise solution for server and stuff: MS is still fighting it out with linux distros. i fail to see how windows 8 would suddenly cause MS to loose the battle.
RE: No need to redesign
By Smilin on 6/3/2011 1:36:14 PM , Rating: 1
The real problem is that this revolution or paradigm shift threatens to undermine Microsoft's whole business model.
You are both right and wrong. The mobile space IS disruptive to on-premesis PC based Windows.
However, that is not Microsoft's business model any longer. What you are saying I heard Kevin Turner himself say six years ago and it wasn't a new idea even then.
Office before = buy licenses in bulk. Maybe or maybe not actually use them. Repeat in 3 years.
Office soon = pay a very low cost per user *per month* for what you actually use in the cloud. Overall money to MSFT over 3 years is higher, overall costs to customers is lower since there is no maintenance, rollouts, or upgrades.
You're also forgetting the Microsoft isn't just Windows. That mentality is even more out of date. Find a Mac running Office and Microsoft made more money on it than Apple did. iPhones are wildly successful? Cool...that's just more hits for bing. Sit back and watch Apple beat up MSFTs real #1 competitor, Google.
The MS Strategy is in the cloud via the three screens described by Ray Ozzy. The devices will become ubiquitous, cheap and fiercly competitive. It's not the market you want to be in.
RE: No need to redesign
RE: No need to redesign
By Da W on 6/2/2011 11:18:12 AM , Rating: 2
I did a stress test on the ACER W500 with a Brazos C-50 dual core@1Ghz and 6250GPU plus a 32 GB SDD.
The test:
1-Open windows media center in a window and play music (way more ressource hungry than media player)
2-Open word open excel
3-Open explorer 9 and stream a youtube video
4-open addtionnal explorer tab and open randon websites
5-Open google chrome and browse trying to find a home using the map
The 2 gig of ram were still not fully loaded and starting at step 5, the cpu were used at 100% and loading the website took some time. But i'd say coming from this hardware, i'm pretty impressed. Can you do that on a tegra 2 honeycomb tab?
RE: No need to redesign
By Aloonatic on 6/2/2011 12:00:46 PM , Rating: 2
Can you do that on a tegra 2 honeycomb tab?
I'm not sure why you seem to think that I have said that I could do anything on any platform?
I'm happy for you that Fusion worked OK. really, I am, but that's not what I was replying to.
RE: No need to redesign
Oh i'm just replying generally
RE: No need to redesign
By Shadowmaster625 on 6/2/2011 9:00:34 AM , Rating: 2
yeah but how smooth will it be when you have 6 apps running in the background?
RE: No need to redesign
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RE: No need to redesign
By Da W on 6/2/2011 1:50:05 PM , Rating: 2
But it IS redisigned under the hood.
We haven't seen it yesterday, but to be able to run so smoothly on an ARM soc, it can't just be a traditionnal Windows 7 with a ADDITIONAL layer on top.
Ballmer said Windows 8 was more modular. I expect depending on the kind of horsepower underneath, the installer will only install certain modules and not others. On a tablet with 32GB of space, i guess you don't need the indexer and the gazzilion of other treads running in the background, or it was made more efficient.
I'm sure than, like vista to 7, there's a whole lot of code optimisation in the work.
And we haven't seen everything yet, like full cloud integration.
RE: No need to redesign
By Jacerie on 6/4/2011 11:25:39 AM , Rating: 2
I have to agree with Mitch101. There is no need to redesign the base OS.
I do wish that people would take the time though to learn the difference between an Operating System and the Desktop Shell. What everyone mistakenly thinks of as Windows the OS is nothing more than the Explorer shell.
It has been possible to replace the shell on Windows since the late 90s and you will see major improvements in performance. The tablet interface appears to be a different shell, not an application slapped on top of Explorer.
By jithvk on 6/1/2011 8:38:24 PM , Rating: 3
After seeing this, i feel like the honeycomb ui comes from spartan cave. The part i like most is that they have a full functional Windows OS underneath. I also hope Intel will release x86 processors small and powerful enough to run this so that i don't have to settle for some ARM Windows 8.
RE: HoneyComb
By acer905 on 6/1/2011 9:26:49 PM , Rating: 3
Agreed. This is the first real contender at fully replacing laptops and desktops. Fully portable and yet fully functional. Bluetooth accessories or a docking station and it could be used for everything an office or home user could ever need, with all existing software. But, you can simply grab and go and still play games, and browse the web. Looks like Microsoft may still be relevant.
RE: HoneyComb
By Mitch101 on 6/1/2011 11:40:56 PM , Rating: 2
This is like Shock and Awe Ive never gotten so many e-mails from my geek friends referencing the Windows 8 video.
I fell asleep when I got home and woke up with an e-mail thread a mile long of nearly every geek I know in amazement over this and sending the link around.
RE: HoneyComb
By chmilz on 6/1/2011 11:46:26 PM , Rating: 2
I can do all that right now with my eee Transformer...
But damn, this looks good. I can only assume it will be able to seamlessly move stuff from a Win8 desktop to a Win8 tablet.
If hardware partners get it right, this will easily be a better product that iPad... that is, if they launch it before Apple can rip off all the good ideas.
RE: HoneyComb
By superPC on 6/2/2011 4:43:52 AM , Rating: 2
and since the eee transformer has tegra 2 in it once the win 8 beta comes out you can do all that still with your eee transformer but with win 8 beta installed. great isn't it?
RE: HoneyComb
By B3an on 6/2/2011 5:57:48 AM , Rating: 1
Thats what has me worried. Apple always do this, they done it with things in Vista and so much other MS OS's/software because MS take so long to get stuff out. Then when MS do finally get the product out Apple have already done it, and people think MS are copying.
But the OS is looking amazing so far. Having a full Windows OS run on a tablet would be amazing, you could play all the current windows games and run all the software. Yeah you can do that on Win7 tablets, but they're simply all cr*p and the OS isn't well suited for these devices at all.
RE: HoneyComb
RE: HoneyComb
RE: HoneyComb
RE: HoneyComb
By MonkeyPaw on 6/1/2011 9:51:36 PM , Rating: 2
Wow. That's what I have to say. It looks like MS did a lot of thinking and planning, and the design really looks like it will work well. I was skeptical of them making win8 an all on one OS, but I think they're onto something.
RE: HoneyComb
By themaster08 on 6/2/2011 2:40:04 AM , Rating: 2
I agree. Microsoft have found the right balance between content creation and content consumption on the same operating system. This OS will work exceptionally well for docked tablets.
With Microsoft's overwhelming number of software partners and 3rd party developers, you just know that the Windows 8 marketplace is just going to be jam packed with goodies. I just hope that they've improved Games for Windows Live, because that just pretty much sucks at the moment.
RE: HoneyComb
By superPC on 6/1/2011 10:51:03 PM , Rating: 1
and we don't have to wait for months upon months for an update like we did today with android or iOS. heck windows 8 will probably stick to update tuesday for incremental updates. and maybe an upgraded ui or added functionality for service pack every few months.
This is risky..
By vision33r on 6/1/11, Rating: 0
RE: This is risky..
RE: This is risky..
The important bothersome issue with touch screen desktops...
DIRTY DIRTY screens.
RE: This is risky..
RE: This is risky..
RE: This is risky..
RE: This is risky..
RE: This is risky..
By omnicronx on 6/2/2011 11:24:53 AM , Rating: 2
Or else, why didn't Apple migrate to touchscreens on their iMac.
Because it would compete with their iPad line? Correlation != Causation.
Take a hard long look at OSX 10.7 and tell me that Apple is not heading in the exact same direction as MS.
I also don't see the extreme risk here. I just don't see the value in a tablet only OS released by MS. Google and Apple have too much of a foothold in the mobile market to get users to shift without some kind of incentive.
Having a tablet device that could possibly replace a PC for many users could be a game changer (i.e its not longer just a device of consumption). Personally I think they went the right way, a tablet centric OS would have most likely been a failure out of the gate, at least if this is a failure, its only a layer atop the OS. (i.e even if Metro fails they still have the millions of PC users to fall back on).. Clearly not ideal as they would be right back in the same position they are in today, but given the alternatives I feel it was the best solution and probably sports the least risk compared to the alternatives.
I don't think it works.
By psonice on 6/2/2011 6:43:57 AM , Rating: 2
What I saw in the video there looked great.. until the win7 desktop and excel appeared. The new win8 parts alone = win. The standard win7 desktop plus office = ok, yeah, it works fine. But do they work together, that's the question, and why have MS got 2 different UIs in one OS? And how are applications going to work, with two UIs?
Way I see it, you have 2 different devices here:
1. Traditional desktop with keyboard + mouse. The new UI doesn't really do much here, but it's great for win7 style desktop + office.
2. A tablet. The new UI looks great for this, but how are you going to use explorer, office and the like? You'll need a stylus, and it'll suck.
There's also the touch-screen desktops, but yeah, gorilla arms. It doesn't really work, except as a sales gimmick.
As to why win8 doesn't work: Let's say you're working on an excel file, on the desktop, keyboard + mouse. No problem. Now you take it out with you, on the tablet. The desktop version of excel is suddenly really fiddly to use - this is the kind of situation that caused MS's tablets to fail in the past.
Apple's solution to that is to have 2 versions of the apps, they have the desktop iwork and the tablet iwork. They're totally different apps, designed specifically for the target device, so you can take that document and work on it in a non-sucky way (well, in theory at least, actually getting the document copied over is a pain and I guess win8 will improve that side plenty).
On Win8 though, you have a choice of the same software on both, which will suck, or a custom tablet UI in each app (OK, but it's going to take a long time to get compatibility sorted here, and developers will hate it). If you have a custom version for each UI, why do you need windows? This is why apple split OS X and iOS.
Basically, they now have 2 different UIs in one OS. That's a serious sign that something has gone wrong if you ask me.
RE: I don't think it works.
By Arsynic on 6/2/2011 10:55:30 AM , Rating: 1
Why the fuck would you be banging out a spreadsheet or writing a 10 page report on a tablet???
RE: I don't think it works.
By psonice on 6/2/2011 11:33:36 AM , Rating: 2
Because sometimes you need to? You might not write a 10 page report on it (can't see why not if you have a keyboard for it..) but I've edited documents on my phone even before now. Besides, I used that as an example because they showed it in the video - swap spreadsheet for whatever else you use you computer for.
Anyway, the point was that the benefit of windows is that you CAN do things like this. If it doesn't work well, what's the point? Do you end up only using the tablet UI on the tablet, and the desktop UI on the desktop? Different apps for each device? If so, why not just use a scaled up windows phone 7 OS on the tablet?
RE: I don't think it works.
By acer905 on 6/2/2011 12:37:03 PM , Rating: 2
See, thats the problem that people are having. "Oh, this still has the desktop, how will you use that on your Tablet" and "Whats the point of the fancy new interface on a Desktop anyway" are pointless questions, because they stem from the wrong mindset. There may not be "Tablets" and "Desktops" as such, unless Microsoft decides they want to fail. Instead there will be one device, the best of both worlds. A fully powered desktop equivalent device that has the full mobility of a tablet. Plug it into a dock on your desk that has the monitor, keyboard, and mouse, plus any external storage options or other accessories that you have. Instant desktop. Pull it out of the dock and you have a fully portable tablet with an easy to use on the go interface. Take a small wireless mouse with you and maybe a portable keyboard (plenty of fold up or roll up ones available) and if you need to work on your spreadsheet on the go, you don't have to learn two different office suites.
RE: I don't think it works.
By psonice on 6/3/2011 5:14:39 AM , Rating: 2
Yes, that sounds great, but... is it possible? Current tablets are generally light and portable with good battery life, but ARM based (likely a HUGE compatibility issue) and underpowered for desktop apps. Or, they're big and bulky, with short battery life, but reasonably powerful. In neither case are you going to get the best of both worlds.
Maybe in few years, but by then ipad/android/both/maybe-even-webos-and-playbook-but -probably-not will have dominated the market.
Even if we do get decent performance intel/amd chips that are competitive with arm on power, there's still a massive problem with software. To get both good performance and good battery life on mobile, the software has to be designed for it (and I say that as a mobile software dev). You have to hardware accellerate everything possible, you have to optimise heavily for minimal CPU/memory usage, and you can't afford to leave stuff idling in the background (especially stuff that constantly chatters over the network, updates files, and does a bit of processing).
Does that describe many windows apps? No. Many popular windows apps would be really bad news on a low power tablet. Maybe MS have fixed this in windows in a way that's compatible with existing software, who knows, but I think it's somewhat unlikely.
By Pirks on 6/1/2011 8:47:12 PM , Rating: 3
So then Apple zealots watching Cook presenting OS X will look like... err... you know what I mean eh? ;) Just google up some hot details about Cook, har har har :D
By ZaethDekar on 6/1/2011 9:10:01 PM , Rating: 5
I can honestly stay I think Microsoft is really setting the bar for the OS. Even if it is just an overlay at this point... I think it will work wonderful. Now to only have it so steam just loads as my main tile I think I will be all set :-P
Speaking of steam, I am curious to see how they will have the interface setup.
Heres to the future *Cheers*
Something to consider...
By TEAMSWITCHER on 6/2/2011 4:34:35 PM , Rating: 2
I'll save my opinions about the Windows 8 Demo for when a product is actually released. But has anyone considered the Microsoft Business model - I think that it's the one part of Microsoft that hasn't been updated in over 20 years. Why would a device maker sign up for the Windows 8 Mobile platform, when more money can be made using Android? Microsoft has already picked the hardware, so each device maker will have to source components from certain companies. Apple doesn't have to pay royalties on the processors they build. This fact alone, plus a slew of technology an intellectual property, is going to keep Microsoft tablet solutions far more expensive than the iPad. Not to mention Apple has much better economy of scale - these will be competing with Android, and probably won't sell well. I think that in the end this product is a total dud, not for its own failings, but because it assumes that device makers will play along, and I just don't see much reason for them to do so.
RE: Something to consider...
By Smilin on 6/3/2011 1:17:15 PM , Rating: 2
Awesome. You're demonstrating wisdom that is rare on the intarwebs....
...or maybe you're not.
Because even after paying Microsoft so that you're allowed to load Android you are still not immune to any other patent violations Google may be guilty of. If you load Microsoft you'll pay just a fraction more and MSFT will eat the bill if there is a patent violation.
Not true. MS is picking hardware specs, not hardware. In the longer version of this presentation you see it running on qualcomm, nvidia, amd, intel processors with wildly different form factors.
Apple doesn't have to pay royalties on the processors they build.
Yes they do. Despite what Jobs likes to imply, Apple did not magically invent the architecture used in their A4 processors. In fact the owners of the architecture know that apple is 100% dependent on them so they may get charged a higher licensing fee that Microsoft who can walk across the street to Intel if they don't like pricing. Wild speculation on my part but the objective fact is that Apple *does* pay royalties to ARM.
The economy of scale takes place at component manufacturing and only has a lesser impact during assembly. Did you see HTC switch from super amoled to LCD when supplies became tight? Windows and Android manufacturers can do this. Apple can't so they sign long term contracts for first dibs on components. Economical, yes. Flexible, no.
iPads have sold like hotcakes because they are super neat devices that do certain things well. Androids have had wobbly success. However there is serious pent up demand for a full-OS tablet. You can see this with the sales of the ASUS and HP Windows tablets: They frankly suck but still are managing to sell. Go figure.
By Doctorweir on 6/1/2011 9:59:15 PM , Rating: 2
sh*t, this is awesome.
Loving my WP7 for it's interface and now this is coming to Windows. I think the "overlay" is a great idea to cover both functionality and usability.
Looks like my iPad2 will be superseded before they even can deliver it...
Time to pick up some of these undervalued Microsoft shares... ;-)
Gimmicky BS
By KoolAidMan1 on 6/3/2011 12:05:43 AM , Rating: 2
Looks like I'll be sticking with Windows 7 unless some other radical improvements are made. I've had legitimate reasons for upgrading from Windows XP and Vista, but this, eh...
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0.018939 | <urn:uuid:36a2beae-4a78-4cf2-9ea2-77adea19aecc> | en | 0.939984 | Organizing and Conducting a Science Fair Project (page 2)
— The Ohio State University Extension Breads of the Harvest
Updated on Sep 28, 2011
Results -- What Happened?
Drawing Conclusions
Once you have completed your experimentation and have collected data, what have you proved? Before you answer that question, consider that data is not always reliable. If you worked with bean plants, for instance, how do you know that all bean plants are exactly like your sample? The answer is, "You don't know." You can only predict or infer that the rest are like your sample. The probability of your sample resembling the total population is not very high if you used five bean plants in each group.
One way to increase the probability, then, is to test a large sample. Fifty, one hundred, or even one thousand bean plants would increase your ability to predict. As a further step, you could have more than one experimental group with each group receiving a different amount of fertilizer. This method would give you even more significant results.
Scientists use statistics to analyze the data collected in an experiment. A statistical treatment of data allows them to predict, or generalize, about larger populations. If you can find someone trained in statistical methods, ask for help in analyzing your data.
You must be careful when drawing conclusions. If someone else repeated your experimentation, would they get the same results? Look over your data. Study it. Do a statistical analysis if you can. Then you can say what you think your experiment shows or seems to indicate.
Your data will either support your original Hypothesis or it will not. You must state this in your conclusion.
Be especially careful that your conclusion is not a new Hypothesis. Any new Hypothesis must be tested.
Writing Your Research Paper
The value of scientific investigation would be lost if it were not reported to others. You have the opportunity to report your study in three ways: a scientific research paper, an exhibit and an oral presentation. At this point, we will consider the writing of your scientific research paper.
By now you have collected valuable information on index cards. You have made observations and kept detailed notes. Your list of materials and procedures have been recorded. Data has been organized in tables, charts, and graphs. You have a wealth of information.
Now you must organize that information into an orderly and presentable research paper. Check before you start about rules that your teacher or science fair organization might have in regard to the parts and order of the paper. A commonly used order is presented here. Work on one section at a time.
1. Abstract
The Abstract is a shortened version of your entire paper. Others can read your abstract if they do not have time to read your paper. It should include information about yourself at the top: name, address, school, grade in school, age, and category of your project. Below this information write three short paragraphs: the Purpose, the Procedure, and the Results (you may include conclusions in this section). The entire abstract should be about 200 to 300 words and fit on one page. It is easier to write the abstract after you have written the entire research paper.
2. Title Page
The title page bears the title of your project in the center of the page, several inches from the top of the page. Your name, school and grade in school would be placed in the lower right-hand corner of the page.
3. Table of Contents
List the sections of your paper and the page numbers where they begin. You will have to wait until you write or type your final version to be sure of the page numbers.
4. Purpose
The purpose that you have already composed is the same purpose use here. It should be three sentences or less after which you may include any hypotheses you have as to the outcome of the experiment.
5. Acknowledgments
In one or more sentences, say "thank you" to those who have helped you with your project. You should include those who gave you guidance, materials, and the use of facilities or equipment.
6. Review of Literature
It is now time to use those index cards. This section of your paper is your report to the readers of work and research conducted by others in the past that relates to your topic and facts that help introduce the readers to the topic.
7. Materials and Methods of Procedure
List the materials that you used. Then explain step-by-step what you did in your experimentation. If drawings will make it more clear, draw them on separate pages and include them in this section. Explain any materials that you constructed in detail.
8. Results
The Results section of your paper is organized into graphs, charts, tables, or day-to-day log. Make sure that you label your graphs or charts so that the reader can understand them. Refer back to the sample graphs.
9. Conclusion or Discussion
This section is your evaluation and interpretation of your results. Look over your graphs, charts, tables, or daily log and then write what you think the data shows or seems to indicate. You may include your opinions. Don't be afraid to admit where you might have made mistakes. Negative results are not bad; if you did not prove your hypothesis, then say so.
10. Bibliography or Literature Cited
This is a list of books, articles, pamphlets, and other communications or sources that you used for researching your topic and writing your paper. They are written or typewritten in this form:
Last name of author, First name, Title of Source (book), Place where published: Publisher, Date of Publication
Example of Book:
Smity, John D., A Study of Plant Life, New York: Johnson Printing Company, 1979.
Example of Magazine Article:
Jones, Thomas A., "The Development of the Chick," Animal Development Journal, June 1976, Volume 16; 27-34.
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Red, White + Blue Dress
Klara Tavakoli Goesche
In the 1970's, where 'Mad Men' is heading fast, British bands channeled American country-western, and rhythm + blues; one British band decided to call themselves America. The Eagles soared. Karen Carpenter's voice filled the airwaves. Steve McQueen was the world's biggest movie star. Mary Tyler Moore, 'The Brady Bunch' and 'Charlie's Angels' took over television. Speaking of which, there were those natural blondes: Farrah Fawcett, Cheryl Tiegs, Christie Brinkley. Fresh-faced, tan, sporty. Their look was all the rage, and Halston was the king of fashion.
Yes, the transition from the 1960's to 1970's brought about a cultural shift towards all things sporty and American. But 'Mad Men' has always decidedly been about Americans. Megan, the Canadian, has been one of few exceptions –– and we might see much less of her when the show returns. The other notable foreigner was Lane Price, who worried about the status of his residency in the U.S. until he (sadly) let his British stiff-upper-lip mentality get the best of him. And since the mid-season finale aired over Memorial Day weekend, this red, white + blue bandanna dress also felt like a great fit for that American holiday. Especially because Vietnam continues to loom heavy in 1969. What else might this dress signify?
THE ANECDOTE ~ The 'Mad Men' mid-season finale, entitled 'Waterloo', notably features the moon landing –– a major coup for The United States. Apollo 11 landed on the moon on July 20, 1969. (My personal connection with this is substantial: my father was an aerospace engineer for NASA in the early-to-mid-1960's. His mission was helping to build the Apollo space shuttle.) Meanwhile, when thinking about this bandanna dress, I started to think about biker counterculture in 1969. We're sure to see or hear about Altamont when 'Mad Men' returns next year –– either peripherally, or directly. The Altamont Speedway Free Festival, which took place on December 6, 1969, came to symbolize the final nail in the casket of the peace-and-love movement of the late-1960's.
But let's take a closer look at July, 1969, where the mid-season finale left off: 'Easy Rider' was released on July 14, 1969, one week before the moon landing. Now it all makes sense! We know Ted Chaough goes to the movies, and it's very likely that he saw 'Easy Rider' the week it was released. Right before his big move of frightening clients while flying them in his plane. And what about his being adamant about wanting out of the advertising game altogether? Supposing someone like Ted had just seen 'Easy Rider': kindly, idealistic Ted would've identified with Peter Fonda's character, Wyatt, who was also called: Captain America. As in, the captaining of a plane. Just like Ted. Or the captain of a space shuttle on its way to the moon.
'Easy Rider' had a profound impact on men who longed for personal freedom, men who wanted to be cowboys riding away on their steel horses. While Ted's predicament could have been explored much more deeply, (there didn't seem to be adequate time to explore every vital character's life in the span of those seven episodes), he was undoubtedly displaying this particular type of longing before he reluctantly agreed to 'sell out' again. It wasn't directly referenced in 'Waterloo', but I strongly suspect Matthew Weiner and the 'Mad Men' writers were alluding to this counterculture mentality (one further catalyzed by the mainstream popularity of 'Easy Rider') via Ted Chaough's strange behavior.
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0.129671 | <urn:uuid:8bc3497d-5a3e-4c63-bfc0-e086e26e23bd> | en | 0.869271 | Tested and Perfected by Food and Wine
Carrot-and-Ricotta Ravioli
© Antonis Achilleos
Carrot-and-Ricotta Ravioli
• SERVINGS: Makes 40 ravioli
Use this filling to make Easy Ravioli.
1. 3 large carrots, peeled and cut into 1-inch chunks (3/4 pound)
2. 1 tablespoon extra-virgin olive oil
3. Salt and freshly ground pepper
4. 2 teaspoons unsalted butter
5. 1 tablespoon minced shallot
6. 1 tablespoon heavy cream
7. 5 ounces sheep's-milk ricotta or well-drained fresh cow's-milk ricotta (1/2 cup firmly packed)
8. 6 tablespoons freshly grated Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese
9. Pinch of freshly grated nutmeg
10. 1 large egg yolk
1. Preheat the oven to 400°. In a baking dish, toss the carrots with the olive oil and season with salt and pepper. Cover with foil and bake for about 30 minutes, until tender and lightly browned. Let cool slightly.
Suggested Pairing
Creamy, nutmeg-scented Sicilian white. | http://www.foodandwine.com/recipes/carrot-and-ricotta-ravioli/print | dclm-gs1-171020001 | false | false | {
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0.105275 | <urn:uuid:026168ad-0af7-4a2f-ad88-d74bbbe359ca> | en | 0.952451 |
Would you try to talk someone who is playing Pokemon game in public transit?
#1keyos27Posted 2/17/2014 11:32:29 AM(edited)
Would you try to talk random people who locally battled/traded through Passersby? - Results (178 votes)
Yes, I would have a little chat regardless who they are
14.61% (26 votes)
Yes, I would have a little chat but depends on who they are (Age, gender, appearance)
18.54% (33 votes)
Depends on my mood/situation, If I am rundown/busy, I would just leave him/her
28.65% (51 votes)
Depends on where we are
8.99% (16 votes)
No, I would not even try to approach them
25.28% (45 votes)
3.93% (7 votes)
This poll is now closed.
I was on my way to home in the bus after work yesterday and I was leveling up my Pokemon with PSS screen on the bottom. Suddenly, one player from Passersby challenged me for a single battle.
Since there was no Wi-Fi in the bus, the battle evidently happened through local connection. I was quiet surprised and felt a little awkward. I also took a quick scan around me who was holding 3DS...
Due to the communication error and one of us had to get off the bus, we could not put an end to our battle. As I stashed my 3DS in my backpack and turned around, I saw the guy standing with 3DS on his hand. That is when I realized "Oh~ he must be the one that battled me!"
But for some reason, I did not bother talking to him but staring. And I think he also knew that I was his opponent as I sat a few seats ahead of him. He grinned a bit when we almost made an eye contact. I guess I am introverted or I was too tired to talk after an 8-hour of full-time work.
3DS Friend Code: 4785 - 5414 - 7828 IGN: Jun
Preparing fervently for VGC 14
#2javel34Posted 2/17/2014 11:29:35 AM
If she's hot.
3DS FC: 1822-0159-2098 Luxio safari
#3The_DragonwPosted 2/17/2014 11:29:39 AM
Not just because I don't bring my 3DS anywhere with me.
#4keyos27(Topic Creator)Posted 2/17/2014 11:29:54 AM
My bad for writing two different Topic titles. Anyway, you get the point :)
3DS Friend Code: 4785 - 5414 - 7828 IGN: Jun
Preparing fervently for VGC 14
#5chrisisadragonnPosted 2/17/2014 11:31:01 AM
I probably would if they were my age or around my age. Because why not.
3ds friend code is: 4382-2469-6507
#6keyos27(Topic Creator)Posted 2/17/2014 11:31:49 AM
#7Godly_GoofPosted 2/17/2014 11:32:31 AM
I have in the past and I would again.
#8NachoCrunkPosted 2/17/2014 11:43:40 AM
In college some people come up when they see my Pikachu 3DS.
One time in the metro station some guy sat near me & still used the voice chat from the game. I guess he was embarrassed.
Friend Code: 4382-2015-6790
#9TheError404Posted 2/17/2014 11:45:59 AM
javel34 posted...
If she's hot.
3DS FC: 4828-4187-9995, Grass Safari: Oddish, Petilil, Quilladin.
#10BottledPoePosted 2/17/2014 11:48:51 AM
Yeah, why not? There is no reason why you shouldn't. Both of you clearly enjoy the same thing, why not make a friend with similar interests?
3DS FC: 3050-7585-1835- PKMN Trainer Jenna | http://www.gamefaqs.com/boards/696959-pokemon-x/68599995 | dclm-gs1-171050001 | false | false | {
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