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You are attempting to delete a valid link on the Anti-forensic techniques page. Can you please explain why you feel this link should not be on the page? Your reasons could help see your point of view. Jessek 18:47, 11 September 2009 (UTC) | http://www.forensicswiki.org/w/index.php?title=Residual_Data&oldid=9786 | dclm-gs1-464205528 | false | false | {
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20 Amazing places of the World…
Image Gallery » You are here
If you ask me, I would prefer to go each and every places in the list…
Really amazing!!!!
1.Amazon (South America)
It accounts for approximately one-fifth of the total world river flow and has the biggest drainage basin on the planet. Not a single bridge crosses the Amazon.
2. Angel Falls (Venezuela)
Angel Falls is the highest waterfall in the world, at 1,002 m, and is located in the Canaima National Park in Bolivar State, along Venezuela’s border with Brazil. It is more than 19 times higher than Niagara Falls. The uninterrupted descent of water falls 807 m
3. Bay of Fundy (Canada)
The Bay of Fundy is renown for having the highest tides on the planet (16.2 metres or 53 feet). One hundred billion tonnes of sea water flows in and out of the Bay of Fundy twice daily – more water than the combined flow of all the world’s fresh water rivers. Fundy’s extreme tides create a dynamic and diverse marine ecosystem.
The Bay is renown for its coastal rock formations, extreme tidal effects (vertical, horizontal, rapids and bores) and sustainable coastal development. It is also a critical international feeding ground for migratory birds, a vibrant habitat for rare and endangered Right whales, one of the world’s most significant plant and animal fossil discovery regions.
The Bay of Fundy is located between the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia on North America’s east coast.
4. Black Forest (Germany)
Black Forest (Schwarzwald) is a wooded mountain range in southwestern It is bordered by the Rhine valley to the west and south.
The highest peak is the mountain Feldberg with an elevation of 1,493 meters. The region is almost rectangular with a length of 200 km and breadth of 60 km.
5. Cliffs of Moher (Ireland)
Located in county Clare, the Cliffs of Moher are amongst the most impressive places to see in Ireland. The cliffs consist mainly of beds of Namurian shale and sandstone, with the oldest rocks being found at the bottom of the cliffs. One can see 300 million year old river channels cutting through the base of the cliffs.There are many animals living on the cliffs, most of them birds.
6. Dead Sea (Israel, Jordan, Palestine)
7. El Yunque (Puerto Rico)
El Yunque National Forest, formerly known as the Caribbean National Forest, is located on the island of Puerto Rico. It is also the name of the second highest mountain peak in the Forest. El Yunque is the only tropical rain forest in the United States National Forest System.
8. Galapagos (Ecuador)
The Galapagos Islands are an archipelago of volcanic islands distributed around the equator, 965 kilometres west of continental Ecuador in the Pacific Ocean. The islands are all part of Ecuador's national park system. They are famed for their vast number of endemic species
9. Grand Canyon (United States)
The Grand Canyon, created by the Colorado River over a period of 6 million years, is 446 km long, ranges in width from 6 to 29 km and attains a depth of more than 1.6 km. During prehistory, the area was inhabited by Native Americans who built settlements within the canyon and its many caves.
10. Great Barrier Reef (Australia, Papua New Guinea)
11. Halong Bay (Vietnam)
Several of the islands are hollow, with enormous caves, other support floating villages of fishermen, who ply the shallow waters for 200 species of fish and 450 different kinds of mollusks.
Another specific feature of Halong Bay is the abundance of lakes inside the limestone islands, for example, Dau Be island has six enclosed lakes. All these island lakes occupy drowned dolines within fengcong karst.
12. Iguazu Falls (Argentina, Brazil)
Iguazu Falls, in Iguazu River, are one of the world's largest waterfalls. They extend over 2,700 m (nearly 2 miles) in a semi-circular shape. Of the 275 falls that collectively make up Iguassu Falls, "Devil's Throat" is the tallest at 80 m in height.
13. Kilimanjaro (Tanzania)
With its three volcanic cones, Kibo, Mawensi, and Shira, Mount Kilimanjaro is an inactive strato-volcano in north-eastern Tanzania.
It is the tallest free-standing mountain in the world, rising 4,600 m from its base, and includes the highest peak in Africa at 5,895 meters
14. Milford Sound (New Zealand)
Milford Sound, located in the southwest of New Zealand’s South Island, is located within the Fiordland National Park. It runs 15 km inland from the Tasman Sea and is surrounded by sheer rock faces that rise 1200 m or more on either side.
Among its most striking features are Mitre Peak, rising 1,692 m above the sound, the Elephant at 1,517 m and resembling an elephant’s's head, and Lion Mountain, 1,302 m, in the shape of a crouching lion. Lush rain forests cling precariously to these cliffs, while seals, penguins and dolphins populate the water.
15. Puerto Princesa Underground River (Philippines)
16. Sundarbans (Bangladesh, India)
The Sundarbans delta, at the mouth of the Ganges river, is the largest mangrove forest in the world, spreading across parts of Bangladesh and West Bengal, India.
The Sundarbans features a complex network of tidal waterways, mudflats and small islands of salt-tolerant mangrove forests.
The area is known for its wide range of fauna, with the Royal Bengal tiger being the most famous, but also including many birds, spotted deer, crocodiles and snakes.
17. Table Mountain (South Africa)
Table Mountain is a flat-topped mountain forming a prominent landmark. It is next to the city of Cape Town in South Africa.
Table Mountain is a important tourist attraction, with many visitors using the cableway to take a ride to the top. The mountain forms part of the Table Mountain National Park.
18. Uluru (Australia)
Uluru (Ayers Rock) is one of Australia's most recognisable natural icons.
The world-renowned sandstone formation stands 348 m high above sea level with most of its bulk below the ground, and measures 9.4 km in circumference. Uluru appears to change color as the different light strikes it at different times of the day and year.
19. Vesuvius (Italy)
Mount Vesuvius is a volcano east of Naples, Italy. It is the only volcano on the European mainland to have erupted within the last hundred years, although it is not currently erupting.
20. Yushan (Chinese Taipei)
Yushan, part of Yushan National Park, is a central mountain range in Chinese Taipei and it also the name of the highest point of the range. It is also called Jade Mountain and its height is 3,952 m above sea level.
The park is also known for its diverse wildlife and ecology. The environment around Yushan itself spans from sub-tropical forests at its base to alpine conditions at its peak.
jaikumar (chennai) [ Reply ] 2012-10-03 11:45:39
super places i like it
ahmadyar (pakistan) [ Reply ] 2012-10-07 21:00:07
beautfull thanks
suraj(nepal (nepal) [ Reply ] 2012-10-26 11:04:31
wow so beautiful places,really earth is also a heaven
dawit (Ethiopian) [ Reply ] 2012-10-27 01:22:09
Wow it is the most interest place in this world i love living in this place forever
ashton (new hampshire) [ Reply ] 2012-12-03 05:24:04
please take me there every place
chuck (Pensacola) [ Reply ] 2012-12-13 16:20:32
Ethiopia also has many beautiful locations. I visited your country in 1970 and have wonderful memories of a very place on this planet
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0.430772 | <urn:uuid:fcbcaaa6-15c0-4dae-9d51-5378ab0ff285> | en | 0.926216 |
hide menu
#303 - ozydaeus (10/24/2012) [-]
It's like he was running toward the car, aiming to get hit. If he just stood still he woulda been fine (assuming the driver wasn't intentionally aiming for him)
User avatar #309 to #303 - captainromance (10/24/2012) [-]
the car was obviously not under control by the driver
#312 to #309 - heartlessrobot (10/24/2012) [-]
This image has expired
Who says it wasn't?
#315 to #312 - captainromance (10/24/2012) [-]
why would he hit the only white guy then?
User avatar #316 to #315 - heartlessrobot (10/24/2012) [-]
Maybe the white guy dated a black chick.
User avatar #306 to #303 - dehfurk (10/24/2012) [-]
I think from his perspective, the car was still on the road, driving straight so he started running for the curb, however, the car followed suit.
Friends (0) | http://www.funnyjunk.com/channel/morbid-channel/My+people+need+me/ydohGlq/317 | dclm-gs1-464285528 | false | false | {
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#14 - waffies (04/21/2013) [-]
I don't believe ANY of my music is in the top 40 charts....
User avatar #19 to #14 - phoeniz (04/24/2013) [-]
I know that feel :(
http:// www.youtube. com/user/HospitalRecords?feature=watch
If you might be interested in my music.
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0.047057 | <urn:uuid:162a6407-35f6-4176-932f-3d95b189fea8> | en | 0.961867 | Ozy and Millie by Dana Simpson
Ozy and Millie
Comments (14) (Please sign in to comment)
1. Bruno Zeigerts
Bruno Zeigerts said, over 1 year ago
Sounds like Johnny Fever, ‘By the way, booger!’
2. Nabuquduriuzhur
Nabuquduriuzhur said, over 1 year ago
The First Amendment guarantees that a person can say dumb things. It’s also been held by supreme court after supreme court to include the intrinsic right to not listen to a speech by a person.
3. Happy, Happy, Happy!!!
Happy, Happy, Happy!!! GoComics PRO Member said, over 1 year ago
Carefull. The nanies might ban you…
4. Simon_Jester
Simon_Jester said, over 1 year ago
Try calliing you MOM thos things, and see how much freedom of speech you got, kid
5. Veteran
Veteran GoComics PRO Member said, over 1 year ago
Sometimes Nabu you can be off the wall but today you made perfect sense.
One has the right to say what they want. Another has the right to just walk away and not listen.
6. Carl
Carl GoComics PRO Member said, over 1 year ago
“Reality” shows on TV…….now there’s an example of questionable use of freedom of speech! :)
7. Veteran
Veteran GoComics PRO Member said, over 1 year ago
Just wish folks would do that.
Had to form a Police line for some haters one time in Jasper Texas. We had to defend their rights to preach hatred. The counter group was there shouting back. The counters kept getting angry and angry. Finally one asks me “How can you let them say that?” I responded “Why are you here listening to them?” “If they have no audience. Then it is just sounds in the wilderness.” He smiled. “Good point” The counter group folded tents and moved off leaving us and those haters.
Of course all that remained was the MEDIA and the haters still had their circus. But boy did the noise level drop,
I have worked around jet aircraft and that rally made it like on an aircraft carrier deck and all the jets at full song. My ears rang for days.
8. Simon_Jester
Simon_Jester said, over 1 year ago
I have always liked the way Dana draws Millie with her fangs showing, any time she gets excited.
9. JanCinLV
JanCinLV said, over 1 year ago
Millie needs to learn that with freedom comes responsibility. Just because you CAN do something does not mean you SHOULD in all circumstances. For instance, yelling “FIRE” in a crowded theater.
10. PoodleGroomer
PoodleGroomer said, over 1 year ago
Can you yell “THEATER” in a crowded fire house.
11. Night-Gaunt49
Night-Gaunt49 said, over 1 year ago
Freedom comes with irresponsibility too. Like Millie getting all that stupid taboo stuff out of the way.
12. ujean
ujean said, over 1 year ago
That pretty much covers my opinion of hateful people. I’ve got better things to waste my time on. Of course just standing around that sort, quietly, with silly signs could be fun. Not that they need help to look like idiots, it’s just that sometimes proper punctuation helps.
13. Veteran
Veteran GoComics PRO Member said, over 1 year ago
How true, how true.
The town of Jasper is over in East Texas predominately black but all good folks. K’s showed up for some rabble rousing after that terrible racial dragging. It was really pitiful. They would just shout racial slurs without an agenda. It was really sad and really really silly.
I remember those guys from way back when they were a formable force in daily life especially in the south. Found out later in life after my granddad died (and I adored that man) I found out he was K man. The town of Smithfield NC where he lived and was a Sgt of the PD was the last town in America to tear down the K’s billboard and that was in the 70’s.
I never grew up with color. I grew up with people. Their actions were what moved me one way or the other.
14. Abigail Shoemake
Abigail Shoemake said, over 1 year ago
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0.036872 | <urn:uuid:259b3919-dc8c-4eff-9105-2a111d433b20> | en | 0.74042 | HZ travel tools > Distance calculator > From Dubai to Adelaide
Distance from Dubai to Adelaide is: 6824.1 Miles
(10982.4 Kilometers / 5926.1 Nautical Miles)
Approximate flight duration time from Dubai, UAE to Adelaide, Australia is: 14 hrs, 10 mins
Hotels and Restaurants in Dubai Hotels and Restaurants in Adelaide Distance from Dubai Distance from Adelaide
Cities near Adelaide:
Travel distance from:
Time difference between Dubai and Adelaide Distance from UAE to Australia
Dubai coordinates:
latitude: 25° 13' North
longitude: 55° 17' East
Adelaide coordinates:
latitude: 34° 56' South
longitude: 138° 36' East | http://www.happyzebra.com/distance-calculator/Dubai-to-Adelaide.php | dclm-gs1-464645528 | false | false | {
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0.02116 | <urn:uuid:750287ec-153b-498d-8146-f6e924e3bef5> | en | 0.990288 | b p
The consensus is that more than two years into her position as secretary of state, Clinton has found her groove. Although she occupies the world's most prominent and challenging diplomatic post, she seems almost ... relieved. "This is a nonpolitical job," she explains. "I'm not in the fray the way that I was, and that gives you a certain sort of safe haven, even though much of what I do is by nature difficult and in some quarters controversial, because how you deal with China, how you deal with Russia ..." Do you smile at Hugo Chávez or not? She nods. "Do you smile at Chávez or not."
So often vilified during her time as first lady of the United States, Clinton is now often cited as the country's most admired woman. This is gratifying to her staff, who collectively feel something like vindication that the American public is finally getting what they knew all along. "The caricature of her was that she was frosty, calculating, unfeeling," says Reines. "But what was so surprising to me was not how wrong it was but how quickly you see that it's wrong." "I could never understand it," says Capricia Penavic Marshall, U.S. chief of protocol. "People had preconceived notions about her. But I think she is now seen for more of the person that she is." Adds Mills, "You are grateful when people you believe in get positive recognition for who they are."
Clinton herself must have noticed this sea change. "You know, I don't think about it because I've always been the same person, but I've been in different situations," she says. "And the way I've either been judged or criticized has as much to do with what I was doing. Like, for example, as we've seen recently with President Obama, when you take on health care, you are going to be heavily criticized. I took it on as first lady," she says, recalling the 1993 Clinton health-care plan, which died in Congress. "It was a very difficult experience, but it was the right thing to do. It laid the groundwork for what I hope will be a lasting, major accomplishment of this administration. But it had so much less to do with me than the fact that I was willing to take on a hard issue."
She seems resigned to gender being an issue in politics. "Being a serious candidate for president as a woman brought out all the stuff that still exists about that," she says. "Some of it was personal, some of it was gender based, and you kind of accept it. I think that if you live long enough, you realize that so much of what happens in life is out of your control, but how you respond to it is in your control. That's what I try to remember."
Indeed. While Clinton has taken to her role like a duck to water, 2010 had its challenges. The release of a cache of U.S. embassy cables by WikiLeaks, in which confidential and sometimes critical observations of foreign officials and policy were made public, was an embarrassment to the American government. Clinton approached the issue the way she approaches everything: pragmatically. Over many "long days," she made call lists and methodically worked her way through them. "I told somebody, 'You know how rock groups go on these global tours? I should have a jacket that says THE APOLOGY TOUR because everywhere I go, I'm apologizing for any embarrassment,'" she says wryly.
Clinton says WikiLeaks "just added multiple additional layers of responsibility and outreach. The diplomats were doing their jobs. You get unvarnished opinions, but they are just opinions. They are not policy, and they should not be in any way confused with policy. But some of the judgments made, the opinions that were offered, were embarrassing to people."
She continues, "Then there were people who said, 'How can I ever have a candid conversation with you again if these things are going to be reported?' Which were never meant to be exposed until maybe 50 years from now. So we've had to really work hard to maintain that candor that is critical to diplomacy."
The real danger of WikiLeaks, Clinton argues, is "a third category where, because of what was exposed, people are physically at risk. They are sources for us, they are human-rights advocates, they are whistle-blowers around the world. So that's been the most long-lasting damage, and it's serious damage."
The stresses of Clinton's position are hard to imagine ("Sometimes I get very upset and angry if I think that people are doing things that are stupid, or put other people at risk, or are breaking agreements"), but she deals with it in her own way. She loves to swim "in pools, in oceans, in lakes." When she heads home to Chappaqua, in upstate New York, on the weekends, she does yoga with a teacher. She's also fond of putting her house in order: "Clean out a closet, a kitchen drawer, anything that has a beginning, a middle, and an end, because much of what I do goes on and on and on."
She and President Clinton clear their heads with long walks. "We go off with the dogs and have a good walk through the woods, then usually a movie, out to dinner," she says. Thanks to their friends in the entertainment industry, the Clintons have a pile of Oscar screeners at home: "The King's Speech, that's on the top of my list. I want to see True Grit, The Kids Are All Right ..."
On television, Clinton tries not to miss Grey's Anatomy. "I am fascinated by the incidents they manufacture. It's just amazing to me. The guy has a bomb in his belly. Oh, okay. ..." Also, thanks to her 91-year-old mother, Dorothy Rodham, she is regularly briefed on Dancing with the Stars. "My mother was pulling for [last season's winner] Jennifer Grey. I mean, she was so empathetic with the cancer and the screws and the plates and the back, the whole deal." And what of Bristol Palin? "I'm speaking for my mother here; my mother thought it was very nice that she competed but that she was not up to Jennifer by any means."
Clinton's knowledge of popular culture is on a higher level than that of most in the governmental set. Senior adviser Lona Valmoro remembers briefing her on a meeting with Angelina Jolie in 2005. "She was like, 'Oh, Tomb Raider.'"
On fashion, Clinton is self-deprecating and often hilarious. She's known for her pantsuits, but her staffers say nothing makes her happier than a good handbag. "I do love a good handbag," she agrees. Can accessories be the great uniter of women? "I think they could be either a great divider or uniter," she replies. "I'm on the uniter side. I think no one should make fun of anyone else's handbag choices." She warms to the topic. "I think we should be united in our support of one another. Because this is like a deep psychological need. It's a desire to kind of organize and contain that which is important to you in your daily life. I have a philosophical view about this, and I have this Ferragamo hot-pink bag that I adore. My view was that I would carry it around only in spring, but it makes me so happy, I'm even now lugging it around in January. I mean, how can you be unhappy if you pick up a big pink bag?"
In her 2003 memoir, Living History, Clinton was equally amusing on the topic of her "lifelong hair struggles." She is bemused by the press she received last September during the UN General Assembly in New York, a fateful day when she put her hair up with a butterfly clip. "It was a Sunday," she says, "a day of rest! I had actually lost track of time, to be honest, and I'd gone swimming, and then I realized I had to get moving, and I didn't have time to do anything else, so I really just did the best I could." She starts to laugh. "I didn't think it looked that bad, but ... what do I know?"
Clinton is often surprised when people tell her she is so much prettier in the flesh. "It's nice, but on the other hand, you think, Oh, my God, most people never see me in person; what do they think I look like? I do not take pictures well, I know that." Ironically, on meeting Chávez in Brazil in January, Clinton looked radiant, like she couldn't wait to have a beer with him. "Really?" She asks one of her staff to pull up the picture. "Huh. Well, that's the only way to deal with him, I think."
Bill Clinton once said of his wife that she was "going to live to be 110. She might have three husbands after me." Clinton laughs and says, "Well, I doubt that very much. I'm not going to do this forever. I want to teach. I want to speak. I want to travel." She also wants to spend more time with her family, with her newly married daughter, Chelsea, who is clearly the delight of her life. Ask Clinton if she looks forward to being a grandmother one day and she replies, "Well, no pressure, because I don't want to be one of those kinds of mothers. But obviously, someday, I'd love it." What kind of grandmother would she be? "Probably an unbearable one, the kind who is saying, 'Oh, my gosh, I'll take the child, I'll do whatever you need to get done.'"
She says that Chelsea has not expressed an interest in politics, but should she change her mind, "I have such confidence in her, she'll do what she thinks is right for her. I'm really only wanting her to follow whatever course makes her happy."
As for Clinton's own postsecretary course, she says, "I'd probably teach international relations, current events, something involving women's roles and rights around the world. I have no idea what I'm going to do, but I have a lot of interests that I hope to fulfill. And then an occasional beach, an occasional time-out."
And what of 2016, the next date Clinton could conceivably run for president? "I have no thoughts for 2016," she says with a benevolent smile. "Beaches ... speeches."
Douglas Friedman
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0.114073 | <urn:uuid:75248321-c345-4e06-b5fe-8bd1c7d9d84d> | en | 0.980979 | Report a Review
Review:AlexFan says:
So, I'm here to do your review for ya! Now, I have a lot of things to mention so this will most likely end up being a really long review.
What I noticed when I started reading was that in the first paragraph it said "anything about to change," but it doesn't really make any sense because of how it's worded. You could try re-writing that bit so that it makes it easier for the reader to understand. It confused me a whole lot that's for sure.
You also had a little bit of a habit (in that same paragraph) with starting your sentences with the word "and". It's okay to start a sentence with the word "and" sometimes but technically speaking, you should avoid starting sentences with words like "and," "so."
Trust me, I've done it too.
My suggestion would be to change one of the sentences to something like this."
"And by a lot, I mean a lot; it would also give me an edge over Katelyn Wallace, my arch rival."
It makes the writing flow more and it's not as choppy. But, this is just a suggestion of mine so you don't have to take it.
I was going to ask why Cassie is so excited about getting engaged at sixteen but then she dumped her boyfriend for cheating on her and it didn't become such a problem for me.
Now, I do have some good things that I like about her. I like the fact that even though she's rich, she still has her own real problems. She lost her mother, and she'd always have to visit her wearing too much make-up. I like the fact that she also admits that she's not perfect.
She knows that she's skinny but she doesn't really see it as something to be proud of because she knows that she's underweight. She has feelings like a normal person because she hates being told she's too fat and I have a feeling that it hurts her feelings.
And judging by the end of this story, she also has a habit of falling for guys too hard and too fast.
Moving on.
These are just a couple of facts that you might want to know about so that it helps your story be more correct fact-wise (and trust me, readers hate it when a story is correct). Nothing major though.
First, Albus' name is Albus POTTER, not WEASLEY (and to be really exact, his name is Albus Severus Potter but I'm guessing [or hoping] that you already knew that). He's James' brother (as I'm sure that you know).
Second, Hogwarts only accepts students from Great Britain and Ireland so Cassie wouldn't get a letter from Hogwarts. She'd probably go somewhere like The Salem Witchs' Institute (which I'm pretty sure is in America). But other than that, you basically got everything right.
One last few things, the conversation at the end of the chapter was a little awkward and forced. Last thing, I promise, Cassie just met Albus, why is she in love with him? Understandable if she found him attractive but in love?
You punctuation was pretty good and overall the story flowed nicely. Good job.
You probably don't want me reviewing the rest of your chapters after reading this ridiculously long review do you? At least, I'm assuming.
Author's Response: WOW! Thanks so much. this was an insanely great review. I will work on that sentence structure stuff. Thanks for noticing that! :)
Also, with the fact stuff you're totally right. I'll try and figure out a way for cassie's acceptence to work out and still be realistic. Salem's Insitute for witches. hahaha. I should use that!
To be honest, I already caught that error w/ Albus' last name being Weasley. I remedy it in the next chapter. (that sentence was definitely not gramatically correct!!!)
That little habit with "and" is really annoying! thanks for pointing it out! I'm glad you noticed it-- i'll start checking for that more in my writing.
Any-hoo, I'll get to work editing it and fixin' it up! You have no idea how much I appreciate all the edits!
Have a great weekend/ week! I'd love it if you had the extra time to review my other chapters, but certainly don't feel pressured or obligated!
You ROCK!! :)
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0.037949 | <urn:uuid:98979df3-6431-4396-b05d-6d30042c4b48> | en | 0.977126 | AT&T Sucks, and So Does Your Carrier
Among the dull roar of criticisms about iPhone I have to endure, one in particular stands out as the most irritating and unfounded - the attack against AT&T. I hear these slanderous indictments all the time..."Why did Apple choose AT&T?", "AT&T sucks! They should have gone with Verizon or Sprint", "AT&T is evil". Blah blah blah.
Here's a bit of schooling for you numbskulls - What you don't understand is that the quality and reliability of wireless service in the U.S. is subjective and varies from one location to another. For example, in my specific locale, Sprint offers the worst reliability and coverage of any major carrier. T-Mobile is practically non-existent. Verizon offers great service, but their selection of handsets is abysmal. So, for all practical purposes, AT&T is the "best" wireless carrier for me. Your experience will vary. A friend of mine who lives in Redmond Washington (no, it isn't Bill Gates) says that T-Mobile offers the best coverage and voice quality in his area, while Sprint is teh suck. So which one of us is right? We both are.
Unlike other parts of the world like Asia and Europe, wireless infrastructure in North America is less ubiquitous and unevenly distributed. This is the reason why we suffer through so many dropped calls, poor voice quality, and latency.
So yes, AT&T does suck. And so does Verizon. So does Sprint. So does T-Mobile. And so on. There is no "best" wireless carrier, only best in your location. Live it, learn it, be it.
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AT&T Sucks, and So Does Your Carrier
Right On! Finally someone who gets it. I've been on AT&T in Detroit for years. It's been very good for me.
Now if someone would challenge the "It's so expensive" myth. They talk about the iPhone as the cost of phone + service. (It's &1500.00!!). Why don't they talk about other phones this way.
I'm one of those switchers. ATT sucks, Verizon sucked. They all suck. As you say it just depends on where you happen to be standing.
In my personal usage so fare the ATT service has been comparable to VZ. Some dropped call, but I also dropped calls on VZ.
To those still bitching about ATT I say get over it. Apple had to pick someone. And to those on VZ they offered it to you them and VZ turned it down.
I'm glad they didn't go with Verizon. I'd quit using cellular if they were the only choice left. The only thing worse than their coverage is their customer service. I switched to Cingular last year and it's been great. I'm not happy about them being bought back by AT&T again and changing the name. If I hadn't already signed up with Cingular, I don't think I would have switched to AT&T but since I'm already here, it's been fine. I'd pick T-Mobile if they had better coverage because they have good plans and notoriously good customer service.
But you're right...they all pretty much suck.
Me, I likey T-Mobile, so I'm going to hold out and see what happens with them and the iPhone. I've heard conflicting info on the Apple-ATT iPhone service contract, everything from a 5-year exclusive to only thru Dec. 2007.
Anyhoo, T-Mo does have awesone CS (at least in my experience), and their service plans are, as a whole, the best and cheapest. Sure, their network coverage could be better, but for the most part my reception has been 99% glitch-free. Will be interesting to see where the iPhone lands next.
I love my iPhone, but...
I traveled to India recently to teach a course in Banglaore. When I landed in Bombay, I turned on my phone and it promptly connected to an EDGE network and downloaded 2MB of Yahoo! and other e-mail that I didn't want. The resulting charge was about $70 for that sync.
There is currently no way to disable EDGE when roaming outside of the U.S.. I managed to trick it into not kicking in by keeping my Wifi turned on to a site that I didn't have access to. However, this was a poor hack...
Apple and AT&T need to provide the ability to disable EDGE Roaming. I would like to be able to enable it when needed, but most of the time, I can wait to download my latest batch of junk e-mail to a time when I am in a WIFI zone.
I would guess that most folks who can aford an iPhone also travel extensively. Many of those people even have a passport and dare to venture outside of the U.S.. I hope that AT&T and Apple can understand that their current approach to mobille data is untenable outside the U.S.. They need to come up with an International Roaming plan for data and SMS that makes sense. Until then, I taking my old RAZR along and leaving my iPhone shut off...
Good point about how wireless quality varies throughout the US. But AT&T "service" does suck.
They took weeks to troubleshoot my landline/broadband install--checking on my building's wiring. They then "billed" me for said installation and one month non-existent "service" even though I never even went online with them. AT&T's online service must suck so much that my MacAfee spam guard was blocking the AT&T software from being installed.
The kicker? I just found out they put me into collection for a bill I never received for service that was never used. Their call center sucks too: they work when you're at work and have limited hours on Sat--it's the reason why I stayed home last night and why I got up at 8 am today! I just hope the good folks at Cingular don't go the way of their AT&T parent.
The right thing for AT&T to do is to refund people (something that other vendors practice) within the first month's experience--but oh wait, that would be fair treatment of the customer, leading to AT&T not wrongfully charging people. I can see why this would be distasteful to AT&T.
Well then, pretty much everyone here is right. AT&T sucks, Verizon sucks, Sprint sucks, Alltel imo really sucks, and T-mobile sucks.
I work as a tech for Sprint/Nextel. What people don't seem to understand is that CELLULAR IS NOT A PERFECT TECHNOLOGY. Considering the fact that 10 years ago NONE of us carried a mini computer in our pocket, that was able to make phone calls, and take pictures, and surf the web, oh and play music. I find it a small wonder that any of this crap works at all. Cellular companies are no different then the old Ma Bell system of yesterday with the exception of the fact that they are using nearly unproven equipment and technology. I am not saying that people shouldn't feel the need to complain when the services they are spending their hard earned money on isnt working. Im just siding with those that understand things are not perfect. Customer service reps work sad shitty jobs where people yell at them all day long. Really whens the last time you called your cell provider when your phone was working right. In store techs (like me) and sales staff deal with some of the most charming people on the planet who yell at us because they refused insurance when they bought the phone and they ran it over with their car. Honestly if you have a legit complaint then you should be heard and handled with respect. Thats what I do anyway. But in all reality all big companies kinda suck. My Comcast internet blows, but what are you going to do thats life. We could after all still be running around like cave men.
Odd that this apologist for AT&T ends up on a page with two advertisements for AT&T. Live it, learn it, be it. Gimme a break. AT&T's customer service stinks. Anybody who has dealt with them knows that. The problem starts with the stupid telephone interface you must traverse to get to a customer representative. Punch in your number. Pick your option. You may have to give your number again. What the last four digits of your Social Security number. Whoops, you'll have to call back and go through the entire process again. It's amazing and infuriating. AT&T has designed the perfect system for enraging customers. A government psychologist really needs to look at it, figure out the principles and apply them to the war on terror. Who needs torture when you have AT&T?
Come on guys, you can do better than this.
Uh...those are Google Adsense ads, not advertisements by AT&T. I have as much control over that as I do the weather.
So, while accepting what you say is correct, then in the regions where at&t does suck, people must opt out of the iPhone? NOT!
Your logic "AT&T is the “best” wireless carrier for me" (in your region) has more justified the reason for iPhone to be unlocked to all the unfortunate people not so lucky as to live in your "best" at&t region.
I am very disappointed to see the 3G coverage be limited and impact my ability to make calls. I have to turn off the 3G in most locations on my IPhone 16G system when not surfing or performing data related tasks. This is ridiculous. We pay top dollar to drive a Porsche and all AT&T delivers is UGO (car) performance.
I moved to a new address last month and asked ATT to transfer my phone number to
my new address. After moving, ATT claimed they had to give me a temporary number
and proceeded to charge me for it and then charge me for CHANGING the temporary
number to my old existing number. I'm not paying for something I didn't ask for. I did
NOT ask for the temporary number nor did I ask for a number change. I simply asked
them to TRANSFER my existing number to a new address.
That's the first problem. The second problem is with the quad package I ordered. I
ordered landline service, wireless cellphone service, dishnetwork tv, and DSL for about
$180 a month. So far, ATT has billed me separately for the landline service and a
whopping $343 for cellphone service that doesn't even work half the time!!
The third problem is that ATT is preventing my ISP from giving me the SAME EXACT DSL
service I had before I ordered the quad package. After telling me I would have to pay a
$100 deposit to get DSL, ATT cancelled the DSL part of the quad package and reduced
it to a triad package so that I could continue with my ISP's DSL service. But my isp says
that ATT refuses to let them give me the DSL service I had before I moved. (My isp
orders DSL through ATT.) ATT told my ISP that DSL wasn't in my area even though I
moved just two blocks away. I called ATT to ask why, and they said DSL IS indeed
available in my area, that I don't have to pay a $100 deposit anymore, and that they
put in an order for me. I believe this violates FCC Rules since they are preventing my
ISP from giving me service that i had and want to continue to use.
I am not paying this outrageous bill. They're charging me a month in advance for things
I DON’T have, CAN’T use, and apparently CAN'T have.
Whoever heard of a $343 cellphone bill?? I only had it since July 12th or something??
Good article. Very true what he points out. Here's my situation: I have only ever dealt with Verizon and Att wireless. I had Verizon when I lived in the southeastern US and it generally worked fine. When I moved to CA I switched to Cingular (before it was ATT) and got the new amazing RAZR (which sucks). I now live in WA state and have since upgraded to an iPhone (1st Gen). What I have noticed is ATT service seems to be fine for me all up and down the west coast but the coverage can be a bit shoddy at times in the South eastern united states whenver I go back to visit. My mom used to have Verizon in Sacramento where we lived and said the service was horrible. Right now I am thinking about breaking my contract with ATT and switching to T-mobile because they have a pre-pay or pay as you go service with their sidekick. I'd be paying about 30 bucks a month as opposed to the 70-75 bucks (w/tax) I'm paying right now with my iPhone. To a broke college kid thats a huge difference! Now I also realize that the iPhone beats the sidekick anyday which is why I'll probably hang on to it and just use it as an iPod Touch. Anyways hopefully all goes well. Cheers.
AT&T realy sucks. The phone service is ok. The coustomer service sucks big time. I purchaced an iphone that froze up when i tryed to use it. I brought it back to the store 16 hours later and they told me I could not exchange it. After arguing with them they told me they could exchange it, but they would charge me a 10% restocking fee. I called Apple they wanted to charge 39.00 to exchange the phone. I spent 3 hours with Apple tech suport just for them to tell me there was a hardware problem. The Apple rep called At&t and asked them to give me a credit for the restocking fee. They did. The AT&T rep told me to go back to the store and exchange the phone. When I returned to the store it was the same bull. They told me they would not exchange the phone. I told them to call there coustomer service line. I left the store about 2 hours later with another phone. It took about seven hours of my time. I miss cingulare. AT&T sucks.
The phone service is lousy. I can't use the phone in my own house (a highly populated suburb). None of my friends can get service in their homes - we all need to go outside. And I can't get service in my office as well as two of our branch offices. And Apple is supposed to be leading edge? I'll take Verizon service any day. Why would anyone buy the new phone???!!
I agree. They all suck depending on where you are. I live on Long Island, NY. I cannot get a signal in my house. My carrier is Verizon.
I had tmobile service I got what I paid for. Now I have Att SERVICE [with my new IPhone, yes, the software is updated and yes, I have all the really cool stuff disabled so my battery will work and yes, I now have had to dumb it down to Edge so I can talk on the phone] and I am paying for 3G which doesn't work at all. I took my phone into an apple store to talk intelligently about the issues. They looked at my phone and I had 24 % dropped calls. This I believe is systematic and not the exception. So, why doesn't Att just admit that the 3G is not ready for prime time yet and give me a plan where I get what I pay for? Then all of us might stop calling and they could get on with things.
So I continue my quest to identify the fact that ATT should not be charging for a call plan specific to the Iphone that does not work.
There is a minor storm over NJ and my iPhone isn't receiving a signal. No bars at all for at least an hour. My Verizon phone (which I pay for as a back up) is working just fine.
agree with the author. AT&T is has been totally awesome for me, and their customer service is really the best i've EVER encountered. i applaud AT&T for a job well done out here in Arizona
All I can say is in the NYC tri-state area AT&T is beyond awful! I can't wait for the day to arrive when their exclusive deal with Apple finally runs out! The day that happens, I will be waiting at a Verizon Wireless store at 8am to finally get reliable service back.
at&T SUCKS!!!! I was an employee there, they refused to pay me!!!! I wrote to the president, and he ignored my email! I worked for their corporate division, they sold bulk cell phones to corporations!! the service SUCKS!! the Bulk rates are a rip off!! and they refuse to pay their employees! that's why you all receive shitty service..they dont' even provide clean drinking water for thier employees
An AT&T salseman came to our door. We said no thanks. He called a supervisor, I said no I didn't want AT&T. Then AT&T shutoff my current service provider saying I had agreed. AT&T sent installers to my home which I refused. I protested and AT&T cancelled the order I never made. Now my provider says I have to pay for instalation and I will lose the number I've had for years. What can I do?
I guess every person whose having difficultieswith their manhood should read this great post. Will spread your post to my blog readers too. thanks
It's all about location, location, location. That is why Apple's (previous) exclusivity deal with AT&T was bad for ALL consumers of cell phones and cell phone infrastructures. The simple fact is that AT&T sucked enough in enough areas to raise enough issues that people complained, but mostly switched networks (mainly non-iPhone users), due to horrible call quality and connection issues. If that was not a fact then why was there a court decision for breach of contract?
AT&T is so desperate at this point that they have reduced average cell phone bills (look at new rates and tiers of text messaging, anytime minute plans) by 25% to keep customers aboard (ESPECIALLY those whose contract are up (as I am one, they will do anything for me such as give me 2,000 anytime roll-over minutes)). In their desperation they have also over paid for the acquisition of T-Mobile to help their failing infrastructure. The merger will NOT be seamless. Time to switch away from AT&T and T-Mobile (unless you don't have many iPhone users in your coverage area) as their technologies are not compatible nor will they be for the next 1-1.5 years. I respect you die-hard fans that are willing to wait that long just to get a "cooler" phone.
Njoy! :)
Well At&t has been amazing to me for almost 6 years now and out of no where they explain that? Did the coverage change? I get dropped calls constantly something I never ever experienced before and only heard of from friends.
I'm with ATT and recently downloaded the app. 'ASK ZIGGY' I had it for over a week and it worked fine. Tried to use it today and it said I was no longer authorized to use it and contact my service. Did ATT take this their list of apps. I can utilize? | http://www.imore.com/comment/632 | dclm-gs1-464875528 | false | true | {
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0.268203 | <urn:uuid:ef64c992-27d5-406c-915b-79684e868192> | en | 0.971899 |
It is also a terrible calumny; cops are not murderers. No officer goes out in the field wishing to shoot anyone, armed or unarmed. And while they're unlikely to defend it quite as loudly during a time of national angst like this one, people who work in law enforcement know they are legally vested with the authority to detain suspects -- an authority that must sometimes be enforced. Regardless of what happened with Mike Brown, in the overwhelming majority of cases it is not the cops, but the people they stop, who can prevent detentions from turning into tragedies.
Working the street, I can't even count how many times I withstood curses, screaming tantrums, aggressive and menacing encroachments on my safety zone, and outright challenges to my authority. In the vast majority of such encounters, I was able to peacefully resolve the situation without using force. Cops deploy their training and their intuition creatively, and I wielded every trick in my arsenal, including verbal judo, humor, warnings and ostentatious displays of the lethal (and nonlethal) hardware resting in my duty belt. One time, for instance, my partner and I faced a belligerent man who had doused his car with gallons of gas and was about to create a firebomb at a busy mall filled with holiday shoppers.
Sometimes, though, no amount of persuasion or warnings work on a belligerent person; that's when cops have to use force, and the results can be tragic. We are still learning what transpired between Officer Darren Wilson and Brown, but in most cases it's less ambiguous -- and officers are rarely at fault. When they use force, they are defending their, or the public's, safety.
Even though it might sound harsh and impolitic, here is the bottom line: if you don't want to get shot, tased, pepper-sprayed, struck with a baton or thrown to the ground, just do what I tell you. Don't argue with me, don't call me names, don't tell me that I can't stop you, don't say I'm a racist pig, don't threaten that you'll sue me and take away my badge. Don't scream at me that you pay my salary, and don't even think of aggressively walking towards me. Most field stops are complete in minutes. How difficult is it to cooperate for that long?
I know it is scary for people to be stopped by cops. I also understand the anger and frustration if people believe they have been stopped unjustly or without a reason. I am aware that corrupt and bully cops exist. When it comes to police misconduct, I side with the ACLU: Having worked as an internal affairs investigator, I know that some officers engage in unprofessional and arrogant behavior; sometimes they behave like criminals themselves. I also believe every cop should use a body camera to record interactions with the community at all times. Every police car should have a video recorder. (This will prevent a situation like Mike Brown's shooting, about which conflicting and self-serving statements allow people to believe what they want.) And you don't have to submit to an illegal stop or search. You can refuse consent to search your car or home if there's no warrant (though a pat-down is still allowed if there is cause for suspicion). Always ask the officer whether you are under detention or are free to leave. Unless the officer has a legal basis to stop and search you, he or she must let you go. Finally, cops are legally prohibited from using excessive force: The moment a suspect submits and stops resisting, the officers must cease use of force.
But if you believe (or know) that the cop stopping you is violating your rights or is acting like a bully, I guarantee that the situation will not become easier if you show your anger and resentment. Worse, initiating a physical confrontation is a sure recipe for getting hurt. Police are legally permitted to use deadly force when they assess a serious threat to their or someone else's life. Save your anger for later, and channel it appropriately. Do what the officer tells you to and it will end safely for both of you. We have a justice system in which you are presumed innocent; if a cop can do his or her job unmolested, that system can run its course. Later, you can ask for a supervisor, lodge a complaint or contact civil rights organizations if you believe your rights were violated. Feel free to sue the police! Just don't challenge a cop during a stop.
An average person cannot comprehend the risks and has no true understanding of a cop's job. Hollywood and television stereotypes of the police are cartoons in which fearless super cops singlehandedly defeat dozens of thugs, shooting guns out of their hands. Real life is different. An average cop is always concerned with his or her safety and tries to control every encounter. That is how we are trained. While most citizens are courteous and law abiding, the subset of people we generally interact with everyday are not the genteel types. You don't know what is in my mind when I stop you. Did I just get a radio call of a shooting moments ago? Am I looking for a murderer or an armed fugitive? For you, this might be a "simple" traffic stop, for me each traffic stop is a dangerous encounter. Show some empathy for an officer's safety concerns. Don't make our job more difficult than it already is.
Sunil Dutta, a professor of homeland security at Colorado Tech University, has been an officer with the Los Angeles Police Department for 17 years. The views presented here are his own and do not represent the LAPD. | http://www.insidebayarea.com/opinion/ci_26372864/sunil-dutta-im-cop-if-you-dont-want | dclm-gs1-464935528 | false | false | {
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0.114432 | <urn:uuid:582c229e-bdcd-4614-a6c3-cf4b2bfac489> | en | 0.879935 | Price Discrimination
DEFINITION of 'Price Discrimination'
A pricing strategy that charges customers different prices for the same product or service. In pure price discrimination, the seller will charge each customer the maximum price that he or she is willing to pay. In more common forms of price discrimination, the seller places customers in groups based on certain attributes and charges each group a different price.
INVESTOPEDIA EXPLAINS 'Price Discrimination'
Price discrimination allows a company to earn higher profits than standard pricing because it allows firms to capture every last dollar of revenue available from each of its customers. While perfect price discrimination is illegal, when the optimal price is set for every customer, imperfect price discrimination exists. For example, movie theaters usually charge three different prices for a show. The prices target various age groups, including youth, adults and seniors. The prices fluctuate with the expected income of each age bracket, with the highest charge going to the adult population.
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A single entity that charges different prices, which are not ...
2. Demand
An economic principle that describes a consumer's desire and ...
3. Price Skimming
A product pricing strategy by which a firm charges the highest ...
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A fundamental economic concept that describes the total amount ...
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An amendment passed by the U.S. Congress in 1914 that provides ...
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4. Days Payable Outstanding - DPO
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0.03384 | <urn:uuid:55a57dfe-f5b2-4555-ad90-cd2268699ae6> | en | 0.892064 | | Home | Interview Guides | Interviews by Job | Interviewer
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Rehabilitation Counselor
Review the job description for the Rehabilitation Counselor position. The underlined keywords link to interview questions for that keyword or job function.
Description: Rehabilitation Counselor children ages 10-20 years who have a difficult time functioning in society. The position will be assigned to assist children who are suffering from psychological disorders. Responsibilities include creating a structured program for the children to learn to function appropriately and working effectively with a large team consisting of social workers and other counselors.
• Learn how to practice right for the interview.
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• How to answer and how not to answer
• Questions to ask the interviewers
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• Identify possible interview questions
Review these critical interview tips before your interview:
Search for current trends and subject areas for your Rehabilitation Counselor interview.
Practice Rehabilitation Counselor Interview
1. Tell us about yourself.
Tips on your interview opening.
2. What is your experience with this population?
3. What was your most difficult experience with this population and how did you deal with it?
4. How do you feel about physical restraints?
5. What is the definition of teamwork?
Follow-up: Why would I want you on my team?
1. What would you do if you have a conflict with a team member?
2. Tell us about a situation in your current job that would demonstrate your ability to work effectively on a team.
3. Do you have any personal reservations about working with this population?
4. Is there any part of this population that you would rather not be with?
5. Do you think it is possible to rehabilitate?
6. Do you consider yourself a role model? Why?
7. Is there anything else?
Summarize by emphasize your qualifications as they apply to this job. Also cover anything you missed from your opening. Tips on your interview closing.
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0.040981 | <urn:uuid:19ef3dca-f466-4bb2-af22-00a8dd4491cb> | en | 0.912779 | We got the definition wrong
When I was in grad school, I had a course in Banach spaces with Haskell Rosenthal. One day he said “We got the definition wrong.” It took a while to understand what he meant.
There’s nothing logically inconsistent about the definition of Banach spaces. What I believe he meant is that the definition is too broad to permit nice classification theorems.
I had intended to specialize in functional analysis in grad school, but my impression after taking that course was that researchers in the field, at least locally, were only interested in questions of the form “Does every Banach space have the property …” In my mind, this translated to “Can you construct a space so pathological that it lacks a property enjoyed by every space that anyone cares about?” This was not for me.
I ended up studying differential equations. I found it more interesting to use Banach spaces to prove theorems about PDEs than to study them for their own sake. From my perspective there was nothing wrong with their definition.
Related post: Remembering Ted Odell
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Sensitive dependence on initial conditions
The following problem illustrates how the smallest changes to a problem can have large consequences. As explained at the end of the post, this problem is a little artificial, but it illustrates difficulties that come up in realistic problems.
Suppose you have a simple differential equation,
y'' - y = 0
where y(t) gives displacement in meters at a time measured in seconds. Assume initial conditions y(0) = 1 and y'(0) = -1.
Then the unique solution is y(t) = exp(-t). The solution is a decreasing, positive solution. But a numerical solution to the equation might turn around and start increasing, or it might go negative.
Suppose the initial conditions are y(0) = 1 as before but now y'(0) = -1 ± ε. You could think of the ε as a tiny measurement error in the initial velocity, or a limitation in representing the initial velocity as a number in a computer.
The following graph shows the solutions corresponding to ε = 10-6, 0, and -10-6.
plot of 3 solutions, epsilon positive, negative, zero
The exact solution is
y(t) = \left(1 \mp \frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\exp(-t) \pm \frac{\varepsilon}{2}\exp(t)
If the initial velocity is exactly -1, then ε = 0 and we only have the solution exp(-t). But if the initial velocity is a little more than -1, there is an exponentially increasing component of the solution that will eventually overtake the exponentially decreasing component. And if the initial velocity is a little less than -1, there is a negative component increasing exponentially in magnitude. Eventually it will overtake the positive component and cause the solution to become negative.
The solution starts to misbehave (i.e. change direction or go negative) at
t = \frac{1}{2} \log\left( \frac{2}{\varepsilon} \mp 1 \right)
If ε is small, 2/ε is much larger than 1, and so the final 1 above makes little difference. So we could say the solution goes bad at approximately
whether the error is positive or negative. If ε is ±0.000001, for example, the solution goes bad around t = 7.25 seconds. (The term we dropped only effects the 6th decimal place.)
On a small time scale, less than 7.25 seconds, we would not notice the effect of the (initially) small exponentially growing component. But eventually it matters, a lot. We can delay the point where the solution goes bad by controlling the initial velocity more carefully, but this doesn’t buy us much time. If we make ε ten times smaller, we postpone the time when the solution goes bad to 8.41, only a little over a second later.
[Looking at the plot, the solution does not obviously go wrong at t = 7.25. But it does go qualitatively wrong at that point: a solution that should be positive and decreasing becomes either negative or increasing.]
Trying to extend the quality of the solution by making ε smaller is a fool’s errand. Every order of magnitude decrease in ε only prolongs the inevitable by an extra second or so.
This is a somewhat artificial example. The equation and initial conditions were selected to make the sensitive dependence obvious. The sensitive dependence is itself sensitive: small changes to the problem, such as adding a small first derivative term, make it better behaved.
However, sensitive dependence is a practical phenomena. Numerical methods can, for example, pick up an initially small component of an increasing solution while trying to compute a decreasing solution. Sometimes the numerical sensitivity is a reflection of a sensitive physical system. But if the physical system is stable and the numerical solution is not, the problem may not be numerical. The problem may be a bad model. The numerical difficulties may be trying to tell you something, in which case increasing the accuracy of the numerical method may hide a more basic problem.
Related post: Approximating a solution that doesn’t exist
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Relating Airy and Bessel functions
The Airy functions Ai(x) and Bi(x) are independent solutions to the differential equation
y'' - xy = 0
For negative x they act something like sin(x) and cos(x). For positive x they act something like exp(x) and exp(-x). This isn’t surprising if you look at the differential equation. If you replace x with a negative constant, you get sines and cosines, and if you replace it with a positive constant, you get positive and negative exponentials.
The Airy functions can be related to Bessel functions as follows:
\mathrm{Ai}(x) = \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \frac{1}{3}\sqrt{\phantom{-}x} \left(I_{-1/3}(\hat{x}) - I_{1/3}(\hat{x})\right) & \mbox{if } x > 0 \\<br /><br /><br /><br />
\frac{1}{3}\sqrt{-x} \left(J_{-1/3}(\hat{x}) + J_{1/3}(\hat{x})\right) & \mbox{if } x < 0 \end{array} \right.
\mathrm{Bi}(x) = \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \sqrt{\phantom{-}x/3} \left(I_{-1/3}(\hat{x}) + I_{1/3}(\hat{x})\right) & \mbox{if } x > 0 \\<br /> \\<br /> \sqrt{-x/3} \left(J_{-1/3}(\hat{x}) - J_{1/3}(\hat{x})\right) & \mbox{if } x < 0 \end{array} \right.
Here J is a “Bessel function of the first kind” and I is a “modified Bessel function of the first kind.” Also
\hat{x} = \frac{2}{3} \left(\sqrt{|x|}\right)^3
To verify the equations above, and to show how to compute these functions in Python, here’s some code.
The SciPy function airy computes both functions, and their first derivatives, at once. I assume that’s because it doesn’t take much longer to compute all four functions than to compute one. The code for Ai2 and Bi2 below uses np.where instead of if ... else so that it can operate on NumPy vectors all at once. You can plot Ai and Ai2 and see that the two curves lie on top of each other. The same holds for Bi and Bi2.
from scipy.special import airy, jv, iv
from numpy import sqrt, where
def Ai(x):
(ai, ai_prime, bi, bi_prime) = airy(x)
return ai
def Bi(x):
return bi
def Ai2(x):
third = 1.0/3.0
hatx = 2*third*(abs(x))**1.5
return where(x > 0,
third*sqrt( x)*(iv(-third, hatx) - iv(third, hatx)),
third*sqrt(-x)*(jv(-third, hatx) + jv(third, hatx)))
def Bi2(x):
third = 1.0/3.0
return where(x > 0,
sqrt( x/3.0)*(iv(-third, hatx) + iv(third, hatx)),
sqrt(-x/3.0)*(jv(-third, hatx) - jv(third, hatx)))
There is a problem with Ai2 and Bi2: they return nan at 0. A more careful implementation would avoid this problem, but that’s not necessary since these functions are only for illustration. In practice, you’d simply use airy and it does the right thing at 0.
Related links:
Diagram of Bessel function relationships
Bessel functions in SciPy
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Hilbert space methods for PDE
When I was in grad school, my advisor asked me to study his out-of-print book, Hilbert Space Methods in Partial Differential Equations. I believe I had a photocopy of a photocopy; I don’t recall ever seeing the original book. I pored over that stack of copies line by line while preparing for my qualifying exams.
Then this evening I was browsing a used book store and was shocked to find a copy of the book, a Dover reprint.
It was an odd feeling to find what was once a precious and mysterious book available for $5.99 as part of a rag-tag assortment of mostly elementary/popular used math books.
Related posts:
Odd little bookshops
Nonlinear is not a hypothesis
Mathematical genealogy
Read More
Mean residual time
If something has survived this far, how much longer is it expected to survive? That’s the question answered by mean residual time.
For a positive random variable X, the mean residual time for X is a function eX(t) given by
e_X(t) = E(X - t \mid X > t) = \int_t^\infty \frac{1 - F_X(x)}{1-F_X(t)} \, dx
provided the expectation and integral converge. Here F(t) is the CDF, the probability that X is less than t.
For an exponential distribution, the mean residual time is constant. For a Pareto (power law) distribution, the mean residual time is proportional to t. This has an interesting consequence, known as the Lindy effect.
Now let’s turn things around. Given function a function e(t), can we find a density function for a positive random variable with that mean residual time? Yes.
The equation above yields a differential equation for F, the CDF of the distribution.
If we differentiate both sides of
e(t) (1 - F(t)) = \int_t^\infty 1 - F(x)\, dx
with respect to t and rearrange, we get the first order differential equation
F'(t) + g(t)\, F(t) = g(t)
g(t) = \frac{e'(t) + 1}{e(t)}
The initial condition must be F(0) = 0 because we’re looking for the distribution of a positive random variable, i.e. the probability of X being less than zero must be 0. The solution is then
F(t) = 1 - \frac{e(0)}{e(t)} \exp\left( -\int_0^t \frac{dx}{e(x)} \right)
This means that for a desired mean residual time, you can use the equation above to create a CDF function to match. The derivative of the CDF function gives the PDF function, so differentiate both sides to get the density.
Read More
Pulp science fiction and vibrations
This morning I ran across Pulp-o-mizer and decided my series of posts on mechanical vibrations could use a little sensational promotion.
The posts are
• Part I: Introduction and free, undamped vibrations.
• Part II: Free, damped vibrations (under-damping, critical damping, over-damping)
• Part III: Forced, undamped vibrations (beats, resonance)
• Part IV: Forced, damped vibrations (excitation frequency, response frequency, steady state solutions)
Read More
Free damped vibrations
This is the second post in a series on vibrations determine by the equation
m u'' + γ u' + k u = F cos ωt
The first post in the series looked at the simplest case, γ = 0 and F = 0. Now we’ll look at the more realistic and more interesting case of damping γ > 0. We won’t consider forcing yet, so F = 0 and our equation reduces to
m u'' + γ u' + k u = 0.
The effect of damping obviously depends on the amount of damping, i.e. the size of γ relative to other terms. Damping removes energy from the system and so the amplitude of the oscillations goes to zero over time, regardless of the amount of damping. However, the system can have three qualitatively different behaviors: under-damping, critical damping, and over-damping.
The characteristic polynomial of the equation is
m x2 + γ x + k
This polynomial has either two complex roots, one repeated real root, or two real roots depending on whether the discriminant γ2 – 4mk is negative, zero, or positive. These three states correspond to under-damping, critical damping, and over-damping.
When damping is small, the system vibrates at first approximately as if there were no damping, but the amplitude of the solutions decreases exponentially. As long as γ2 < 4mk the system is under-damped and the solution is
u(t) = R exp( –γt/2m ) cos( μt– φ )
μ = √(4mk – γ2) / 2m.
The amplitude R and the phase φ are determined by the initial conditions.
As an example, let γ =1, m = 1, and k = 5. This implies μ = √19/2. Set the initial conditions so that R = 6 and φ = 1. The solid blue line below is the solution 6 exp(-t/2) cos(t– 1), and the dotted green lines above and below are the exponential envelope 6 exp(-t/2).
And here is a video of the mass-spring-dashpot system in action made using the code discussed here.
Note that the solution is not simply an oscillation at the natural frequency multiplied by an exponential term. The damping changes the frequency of the periodic term, though the change is small when the damping is small.
The factor μ is called the quasi-frequency. Recall from the previous post that the natural frequency, the frequency of the solution with no damping, is denoted ω0. The quasi-frequency is related to the natural frequency by
μ = √(1 – γ2/4mk) ω0 ≈ (1 – γ2/8mk) ω0.
The approximation above holds for small γ since a Taylor expansion shows that √(1 – x) ≈ 1 – x/2 for small x.
This says that the quasi-frequency decreases the natural frequency by a factor of approximately γ2/8mk. So when γ is small there is little change to the natural frequency, but the amount of change grows quadratically as γ increases.
Critical damping
Critical damping occurs when γ2 = 4mk. In this case the solution is given by
u(t) = (A + Bt) exp( – γt/2m).
The position of the mass will asymptotically approach 0. Depending on the initial velocity, it will either go monotonically to zero or reach some maximum displacement before it turns around and goes to 0.
For an example, let m = 1 and k = 5 as before. For critical damping, γ must equal √20. Choose initial conditions so that A = 1 and B = 10.
When γ2 > 4mk the system is over-damped. When damping is that large, the system does not oscillate at all.
The solution is
u(t) = A exp(r1 t) + B exp(r2 t)
where r1 and r2 are the two roots of
m x2 + γ x + k = 0.
Because γ > 0, both roots are negative and solutions decay exponentially to 0.
Coming up
The next two posts in the series will add a forcing term, i.e. F > 0 in our differential equation. The next post will look at undamped driven vibrations, and the final post will look at damped driven vibrations.
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Fourier series before Fourier
I always thought that Fourier was the first to come up with the idea of expressing general functions as infinite sums of sines and cosines. Apparently this isn’t true.
The idea that various functions can be described in terms of Fourier series … was for the first time proposed by Daniel Bernoulli (1700–1782) to solve the one-dimensional wave equation (the equation of motion of a string) about 50 years before Fourier. … However, no one contemporaneous to D. Bernoulli accepted the idea as a general method, and soon the study was forgotten.
Source: The Nonlinear World
Perhaps Fourier’s name stuck to the idea because he developed it further than Bernoulli did.
Related posts:
Fourier’s personal heat problem
Generalized Fourier transforms
Read More
Mechanical vibrations
My favorite topic in an introductory differential equations course is mechanical and electrical vibrations. I enjoyed learning about it as a student and I enjoyed teaching it later. (Or more accurately, I enjoyed being exposed to it as a student and really learning it later when I had to teach it.)
I find this subject interesting for three reasons.
1. The same equations describe a variety of mechanical and electrical systems.
2. You can get practical use out of some relatively simple math.
3. The solutions display wide variety of behavior as you vary the coefficients.
This is the first of a four-part series of posts on mechanical vibrations. The posts won’t be consecutive: I’ll write about other things in between.
Read More
Differential Equations and the City
This afternoon I got a review copy of X and the City: Modeling Aspects of Urban Life by John A. Adam. It’s a book about mathematical model, taking all its examples from urban life: public transportation, growth, pollution, etc. I’ve only skimmed through the book so far, but it looks like most of the applications involve differential equations. Some depend on algebra or probability.
The book looks interesting. I hope to say more about the book once I’ve had a chance to read it. The examples are all short, so it may be any easy book to read a little at a time.
I also got a review copy of The Book of Inkscape today, and I’m expecting several other books soon. It may take a while to get through these since this is a busy time for me. When it rains, it pours.
Read More
Castles and quantum mechanics
How are castles and quantum mechanics related? One connection is rook polynomials.
The rook is the chess piece that looks like a castle, and used to be called a castle. It can move vertically or horizontally, any number of spaces.
A rook polynomial is a polynomial whose coefficients give the number of ways rooks can be arranged on a chess board without attacking each other. The coefficient of xk in the polynomial Rm,n(x) is the number of ways you can arrange k rooks on an m by n chessboard such that no two rooks are in the same row or column.
The rook polynomials are related to the Laguerre polynomials by
Rm,n(x) = n! xn Lnm-n(-1/x)
where Lnk(x) is an “associated Laguerre polynomial.” These polynomials satisfy Laguerre’s differential equation
x y” + (n+1-x) y‘ + k y = 0,
an equation that comes up in numerous contexts in physics. In quantum mechanics, these polynomials arise in the solution of the Schrödinger equation for the hydrogen atom.
Relations between special functions
Read More
Easiest and hardest classes to teach
I’ve taught a variety of math classes, and statistics has been the hardest to teach. The thing I find most challenging is coming up with homework problems. Most exercises are either blatantly artificial or extremely tedious. It’s hard to find moderately realistic problems that don’t take too long to work out.
The course I’ve found easiest to teach has been differential equations. The course has a flat structure: there’s a list of techniques to cover, all roughly the same level of difficulty. There are no deep analytic or philosophical issues to skirt around as there are in statistics. And it’s not hard to come up with practical applications that can be worked out fairly easily.
Related post:
Impure math
Read More | http://www.johndcook.com/blog/tag/differential-equations/ | dclm-gs1-465155528 | false | true | {
"keywords": "vector, envelope"
} | false | null | false |
0.030419 | <urn:uuid:1a17a106-041a-4499-a4b8-d64fa74ab0f6> | en | 0.865044 | xem phim lenh truy na online, download Lệnh Truy Nã 15/15 (Uslt) hd online
Lệnh Truy Nã 15/15 (Uslt) - phim hong kong
lenh truy na
Lệnh Truy Nã 15/15 (Uslt)
15 episodes | Luot Xem: 411765 | 0 |
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cham bi Description - Thong tin them ve phim
English Title: ICAC (I Can't Accept Curruption)
Broadcast Year: 1997
Number of Episodes: 15
Country: Hong Kong
Original Network: TVB
Langauge: US Long Tieng
Louis Koo Tin-Lok
Eddie Chueng Siu-Fei
Monica Chan Fat-Yung
Fennie Yuen Kit-Ying
Timmy Hor Bo-Sang
Plot Summary:Fennie Yeun Kit Ying does her old job again, a tomboy and who can do that better than her? Louis Koo Tin Lok is finally showing some emotion in his acting. I don't like the part of Monica Chan Fat Yung though, she is playing the 'madam' of the ICAC-action team. I'm not saying she can't act, but she certainly act as a tough leader. Monica is better at playing the weak women rolls (as always...)
Overall the serie is an normal detective serie. Some kids enter the ICAC training school, each with their own reasons. One wants to become tougher, the other to fullfill his childhood dreams. And when they finally passed their exams they'll solve cases together (Only thing that I didn't understand is why their bossess will let them do such complicated jobs at the very start..)
This is a very enjoyable serie. Not really worth to get it taped though. It could be much better if it had more episodes, after finishing it, it gave me a feeling that TVB was rushing it. The cases needs to be further developed.
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0.019907 | <urn:uuid:ed44497d-8a98-4404-a138-9ae07d11e6d3> | en | 0.869902 | Twin Falls - 43.0 F (6.1 C)
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• Safety In Schools
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Twin Falls, Idaho ( KMVT- TV / KSVT- TV ) - When parents send their kids to school safety is a primary concern. So how do schools prepare for the worst possible situations? District representatives said that the Twin Falls School District is extremely safe and they plan to keep it that way. | http://www.kmvt.com/video?sec=767459 | dclm-gs1-465225528 | false | false | {
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0.040154 | <urn:uuid:9d34f945-556b-4c56-829c-fdf019ceccf9> | en | 0.966079 | Foreign issues complicate Obama's efforts to focus on economy
Foreign issues complicate Obama's efforts to focus on economy
In this Aug. 23, 2013, file photo, President Barack Obama greets patrons at Bingham's Family Restaurant, where he stopped to buy pie, in Lenox, Pa. Obama still calls shoring up the middle class his “No. 1 priority,” but recent events overseas and at home are overshadowing the U.S. economy as a political issue. (AP Photo/Jacquelyn Martin, File
WASHINGTON (AP) — President Barack Obama still calls shoring up the middle class his "No. 1 priority," but recent events overseas and at home are overshadowing the U.S. economy as a political issue.
The civil war in Syria and alleged use by Damascus of chemical weapons, political turmoil in Egypt and revelations about the extent of the National Security Agency's surveillance programs are complicating Obama's efforts to keep the focus on the economy.
The eclipsing of the U.S. recovery by other pressing events could be a factor in next year's midterm election campaigns and in the presidential contests two years later. Also, as Obama slips more and more into lame-duck territory, his ability to shape the national agenda seems diminished.
Obama has been making campaign-style speeches around the country focusing on longer-term growth, education, housing affordability, infrastructure jobs and lifting the battered middle class. Republicans dismiss Obama's rhetoric as standard Democratic big-government fare and continue to emphasize what they see as government overspending.
"I think it's a hard moment, not just for the Obama administration but the whole sense we have of how we can conduct government right now," said Wayne Fields, a professor who studies political rhetoric at Washington University in St. Louis. "Both foreign policy and domestic policy are interacting in really complicated ways around these issues."
In recent months, the economy has looked "pretty good" for Obama, suggests Douglas Brinkley, a presidential historian at Rice University. "Not home-run good, but there's been incremental improvement in the economy."
The first is a possible partial government shutdown if Congress fails to pass legislation to keep the government functioning beyond the Sept. 30 fiscal-year end. The other is an expected new battle over increasing the government's borrowing authority. The Obama administration last week said that it would hit its borrowing limit in mid-October without a higher debt ceiling — earlier than widely anticipated.
Republican lawmakers say they'll support a higher debt ceiling only with offsetting spending cuts.
House Speaker John Boehner told a GOP fundraiser last week he'll push for "cuts and reforms that are greater than the increase in the debt limit."
"We're going to have a whale of a fight," said Boehner, R-Ohio.
Some conservative Republicans, including those in tea party factions, are even threatening to use the debt-ceiling battle to defund parts of Obama's health care law.
The administration is pushing back hard against the GOP threats.
"Our position is unequivocal," says White House press secretary Jay Carney. "We will not negotiate with Republicans in Congress over Congress' responsibility to pay the bills that Congress has racked up — period."
Thomas Mann, a congressional scholar at the Brookings Institution who studies governance, says control of the national agenda by any president is fleeting at best. Lyndon Johnson only exercised it early on, as did Ronald Reagan; Bill Clinton "never fully" had control and Obama did only "during the first two years with strong Democratic majorities."
"Foreign policy events often overtake presidential ambitions, as do opposition parties that manage to win control of one or both chambers of Congress," Mann said. "I don't think the economy is less important to Americans. It's more that they have come to doubt that anything constructive can emerge from Washington."
"Clinton and the people around him were good," said GOP strategist Rich Galen, who once worked for Gingrich and who sees peril ahead for Republicans if they can't get together on budget issues. "I remember saying at the time that a White House that is aggressively on message is unstoppable."
Galen said there's no Republican "opposite" to Obama and that it's hard to blame former President George W. Bush any longer.
"You could say 'Boehner' a hundred times and, out of 300 people, two would know who you were talking about," Galen said. "If you held my head under a water faucet and said, 'Tell me what the Republican economic plan is,' I couldn't tell you. I think what we've got to do is come up with an alternative that's easy to explain and where people go, 'Oh, yeah. Well, that makes sense. Let's go do that.'" | http://www.kpic.com/news/national/Foreign-issues-overshadowing-Obamas-on-economy-221793551.html | dclm-gs1-465265528 | false | false | {
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0.032735 | <urn:uuid:01f88a98-e906-42a4-b076-90ba09034ee7> | en | 0.90462 | California Democratic Party Disses Fracking, Still Loves Money
burton pelosi
Disclose Act: Save This Bill, Get a Rush
california disclose act
stephen colbert
Separation Anxiety
obama congress
Wendy Block: My worst long-range political nightmare is watching the next Republican president appoint even one Supreme Court justice (Go Ralph Nader for President in 2000!).
ALEC, AT&T But Not My Credo
mobile phone
Save Libraries? Tax Oil Producers? Stop Pay to Play?
Wendy Block: Here is one conglomerated guide, the result of studying the few remaining newspapers, endorsements from the LA County Democratic Party, DPSFV, the League of Women Voters, the Courage Campaign and LA Progressive; plus analysis from several progressive Dem clubs and recommendations from electeds.
Devil vs Details
frank luntz
Wendy Block: Frank Luntz gets paid big bucks, by the right, to play these linguistic tricks on the rest of us; it’s our job to catch his sleight-of-hand and call him on it, and to encourage all the non-political junkies we know to recognize his misdirection for what it is.
Ferial Masry: Surprised Political Legend
Ferial Masry and Barbara Boxer
Guess Who Could Be Funding Those Attack Ads
kitten teacup
Wendy Block: The Citizens United decision doesn’t address the homeland of donors. So what would stop multi-national companies or even foreign countries from procuring such potential winners as Sharron Angle, Joe Miller, or Christine O’Donnell? Who are the people/corporations behind these mysterious ads? Could Osama bin Laden be a donor? After all, the Supreme Court did rule in favor of free speech for all money.
Courage Awards: What You Missed
Elizabeth Warren You Rock
The New Sheriffs Of Wall Street
Wendy Block: I don’t know if the world would improve if women ran it. Our decision-making and problem-solving brain centers are proportionally larger than men’s. Same with emotions, perhaps a mixed blessing. And anxiety tends to lead women to reach out to others, often at their own expense, whereas men generally get all “fight or flight.”
Honorees Revolutionize Progressive Communications
wendy block
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0.027203 | <urn:uuid:25a995ac-6e85-477e-8027-c522a41833f7> | en | 0.941393 | New! Read & write lyrics explanations
• Highlight lyrics and explain them to earn Karma points.
And as it gets dark in this house of hallways
And no corridor leads to the stairs
With still wet black paint on all the windows
We got no clocks cause time don't care here
So tell me your name young noble stranger
And tell me just what we're doing here
Have you painted walls with all the answers
Have you hidden doors with all our fears
Cause the soul's rock hard but the heart's trapped underneath
And the weight of it all gets enough just to crush the best out of you and me
But I swear that there's someone who cares here enough to set us free
And if the world don't turn just enough to bring her honest
Then I guess we're better off forgotten
The walls stay too thin in this house of hallways
They let through the echoes and the stares
And they'll bleed bright red with scribbled riddles
Scratched out of their panels by angered air
Cause God knows I've made all my own choices
And if I drown alone it's cause I choose
To spend my time drinking in the stairwells
When we've both got way too much to prove
What he said is
Lyrics taken from
Correct | Report
Please input the reason why these lyrics are bad:
• U
UnregisteredFeb 8, 2012 at 6:43 pm
I think that they are referring to the house as life in a way. Like maybe they are going through a bad time and the windows (the only ways out) are painted black because the only way out is death. There are no stairs to this house because he's not going anywhere he's just stuck in these dark, angry, hallways, trapped in his own mind. That's probably all wrong but its what I thought of it.
Write about your feelings and thoughts
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Explanation guidelines: | http://www.lyricsmode.com/lyrics/g/go_radio/house_of_hallways.html | dclm-gs1-465525528 | false | false | {
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0.02597 | <urn:uuid:0214f63b-9143-4dfb-addd-f106b0007974> | en | 0.954487 |
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Start Saving Today For Tomorrow’s College Expenses
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How expensive will college be tomorrow? The Department of Education projects that by 2030, the tuition cost of obtaining a four-year degree at a public university will surpass $200,000. Staggering? Indeed, but college is plenty expensive already. In 2012, tuition averaged $15,100 a year at public colleges and $32,900 a year at private colleges.1
A Sallie Mae study finds that today’s students, on average, can only pay for 24% of their college expenses. It is little wonder that student loan debt exceeds credit card debt today.
How can you start saving to meet those costs today? With interest rates being what they are, don’t look to a garden-variety savings account. Even if current interest rates soon ascend to 2% or 3%, you would be at a disadvantage even if the bank account was large as tuition costs are climbing more significantly than inflation.
The message is pretty clear: to meet college costs, you need either a prepaid tuition plan or a savings vehicle that taps into the power of equity investing. Let’s look at some options.
Prepaid 529 plans. Offered by states and public colleges, these plans let you buy tomorrow’s tuition with today’s dollars. You purchase X dollars of tuition today, and that is guaranteed to pay for an equivalent amount of tuition in the future.
You can do this in two different ways. Some of these prepaid plans are unit plans, in which you pay for X number of college credits or units now with a promise that the same amount of credits will be covered in the future. In other words, you’re locking in tuition at current rates.
As an example, let’s say a year of college at Hypothetical State University requires 36 units. Mom and Dad use a unit plan to pay $7,500 for those 36 units now for their 6-year-old daughter. In turn, the plan promises to pay whatever those 36 units cost when she starts her first semester at Hypothetical State 12 years from now, even though it might be much more.
The other prepaid 529 plan variant is the contract plan, or guaranteed interest plan. In these prepaid plans, you make a lump sum contribution (or arrange recurring contributions), essentially buying X number of years of tuition. In turn, the plan guarantees to cover this predetermined amount of tuition expenses in the future.
Usually, beneficiaries of prepaid tuition plans must be residents of the state offering the plan, or prospective students of the college offering the plan. In the wake of the recession, some of these plans are not accepting new investors as some states are worried about underfunding.
529 college savings plans. These state savings plans allow you to invest to build college savings rather than simply prepay them. Plan contributions are typically allocated among funds, and possibly other investment classes; the plan’s earnings grow without being taxed. The withdrawals aren’t taxed by the IRS either, as long they pay for qualified education expenses.
You can contribute up to six-figure sums to these 529 plans – there’s a lifetime contribution limit that varies per state. Most of them are open to out-of-state residents. If the market does well, you can harness the power of equity investing through these plans and potentially make a big dent in college costs.
There are two caveats about 529 plans. Should you elect to withdraw money from a 529 plan and use it for non-approved purposes, that money will be taxed by the IRS as regular income – and you will pay a penalty equal to 10% of the withdrawal amount. 529 balances can also negatively affect a student’s chances for need-based financial aid. In a given school year, that eligibility can be reduced by up 5.64% of your college savings.
Coverdell ESAs. Originally called Education IRAs, Coverdell Education Savings Accounts offer families some added flexibility: the withdrawals may be used to pay for elementary and secondary school expenses, not just college costs. These are tax-deferred investment accounts, like 529 savings plans. Unfortunately, the current annual contribution limit for a Coverdell is $2,000. Any remaining account balance must generally be withdrawn within 30 days after the beneficiary’s 30th birthday, with the earnings portion of the balance being taxable.
Roth IRAs. Yes, it is possible to use a Roth IRA as a college savings vehicle. While the IRA’s earnings will be taxed, withdrawals used to pay for qualified college expenses will not be taxed and will face no IRS penalty. Additionally, if your son or daughter doesn’t go to college or comes into some kind of windfall that pays for everything, you end up with a retirement account. While Roth IRA balances don’t whittle away at a student’s chances to get need-based financial aid, the withdrawal amounts do come under the category of untaxed income on the FAFSA.
Life insurance. Some households look into so-called “cash-rich” life insurance – whole or universal life policies – as a means to fund a college education. This requires a big head start, as when you buy one of these policies the bulk of your premiums go toward the life insurance part of the contract for several years and you have yet to build up much cash value. The big feature here is that most colleges don’t consider life insurance when evaluating financial aid applications.
Would a trust be worth the expense? Rarely, families set up tax-advantaged trusts for the purpose of college savings. In the classic model, the family is incredibly wealthy and the kids are “trust-fund babies” bound for elite and very expensive schools. Unless you have many children or your family is looking at potentially exorbitant college costs, a trust is probably overdoing it. The college savings vehicles mentioned above may help you save for education expenses just as effectively, all without the administrative bother associated with trusts and the costs of trust creation. | http://www.pacificawealth.com/start-saving-today-for-tomorrows-college-expenses/ | dclm-gs1-466335528 | false | false | {
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0.034108 | <urn:uuid:74284cc1-9e33-4e2f-83c6-d747369d263c> | en | 0.939604 | You are here
Top 10 Most Dangerous Cities in America
• Courtesy of Tim Kiser / Wikipedia (CC Licensed)
The recent economic recession hit cities hard. According to the Justice Department, by the end of 2011 nearly 12,000 police officers lost their jobs making it harder to keep peace and order in cities already struggling to fight high crime rates. The highly publicized shooting of Trayvon Martin recently brought to light Florida's controversial “stand your ground” law which allows people to shoot first and ask questions later when defending their home turf, which makes you wonder at Florida's heavy appearance on our worst cities for safety:
1. Wilmington, Delaware
A short drive from South Philly and Camden and midway between New York and Washington, Wilmington managed to snag the number one spot on our list for highest rate of violent crimes per 100,000 people. And while the overall state of Delaware ranked moderately well in the peace index (which looked at factors such as police per capita, percentage of population behind bars and access to small arms), Wilmington came in the top spot for sex offenders per capita.
2. St. Louis, Missouri
It's tough to label a city as 'dangerous' because many factors go into creating crime rates, including how a city defines a crime and the population included in the calculations. But when we looked specifically at the number of violent crimes per 100,000 people, the city of St. Louis city ranked near the top of our list. Unfortunately, it didn't fare much better when it comes to sex offenders per capita.
• Courtesy of Bill Dickinson / Wikipedia (CC Licensed)
3. Orlando, Florida
It may be shocking that the home to Disney and Universal Studios also holds the distinction of having the highest crime rate among Florida's 10 biggest cities. The city also witnessed a 4.8 percent increase in crime since 2010. One possible reason? Crime rates are measured per capita and Orlando sees millions of visitors every year but the resident population is less than 250,000—which means a large influx of non-residents could be adding to the number of crimes without balancing out the per capita math.
• Courtesy of Fbvabe / Wikipedia (CC Licensed)
4. St. Petersburg, Florida
The second of three Florida cities to make it to this list, St. Pete has its fair share of violent crime and sex offenders per capita. Unfortunately, the overall state of Florida ranks poorly according to the Institute for Economics & Peace, which looks at several factors including the availability of small arms and police officers per capita.
• Courtesy of Urbanplanet / Wikipedia (CC Licensed)
5. Baton Rouge, Louisiana
While Baton Rouge's violent crime rate took a slight dip since 2010, the rate is still comparatively high. Unfortunately, Baton Rouge shares the burden with New Orleans of belonging to the one of the least peaceful states on our list for the Institute for Economics & Peace's index measuring access to weapons and percentage of incarcerated citizens.
• Courtesy of Iracaz / Wikipedia (CC Licensed)
6. Baltimore, Maryland
Baltimore has the unlucky distinction of ranking sixth when it comes to violent crime and sixth place on the list overall. It also has a relatively high number of sex offenders per capita. Adding to their woes, Baltimore witnessed a terrifying year when a spate of makeshift firebombs randomly hit the city, creating a sense of fear and paranoia among residents.
• Courtesy of Leprecub / Wikipedia (CC Licensed)
7. Kansas City, Missouri
The Associated Press recently reported that Kansas City police have been averaging two or three arrests per week related to the drug PCP, a hallucinogen that makes users violent and unpredictable. This disturbing trend is likely one of the reasons that KC ranked as one of the worst cities for violent crime.
• Courtesy of Zach Klein / Wikipedia (CC Licensed)
8. Fort Lauderdale, Florida
The good news about Fort Lauderdale is the city's strict sex offender residency law, which prevents offenders from moving within 1,000 feet of schools, parks, playgrounds, day care centers and public school bus stops. The bad news is that sex offenders have so few housing options (only about 10 percent of the city is open to them) that they have clustered together, or worse, disappear off the grid making it hard for families to know what their risk truly is. Fort Lauderdale ranked fairly poorly when it came to both sex offenders per capita and violent crime.
• Adrian Pingstone / Wikipedia (CC Licensed)
9. New Orleans, Louisiana
Referred to by the press as the ‘murder capital’ of the U.S., New Orleans is still fighting to restore a sense of safety post-Katrina. According to the police superintendent, it could take 7 to 10 years to reform the police department and restore order to the city. Additionally, the state of Louisiana ranked as the one of the very worst on our list for the Institute for Economics & Peace's index.
• Courtesy of Larry Donald / Wikipedia (CC Licensed)
10. Memphis, Tennessee
According to the Memphis police department, the rise in homicides in the city may be linked to gang violence. Out of 147 homicides in 2011, 36 were gang affiliated and 68 percent of the murders involved people related or acquainted to one another. The police director recently acknowledged that youth crime and gang violence is a big problem in Memphis. In addition to a high violent crime rate, the entire state of Tennessee scored poorly on the Peace Index from the Institute for Economics & Peace, which measured access to weapons and percentage of citizens who are behind bars.
Now that you've seen the most dangerous, check out the 10 Best Cities for Families. | http://www.parenting.com/gallery/most-dangerous-cities-in-america-2012?pnid=559440 | dclm-gs1-466365528 | false | false | {
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0.025453 | <urn:uuid:cd96f159-3d53-463d-9e36-4feb30db7a54> | en | 0.950152 | Ask a doctor
Is there anyway to fix breathing problems without surgery?
is there anyway to fix breathing problems without surgery? has been really irritating me for some time. there is days where i breathe fine through the nose feeling nice cool air and most of the time im really congested.This was never a problem before surgery, and its getting in the way of my life. I justwant to feel the same again myself like i used to. i dont know what it could be and i dont think its an obstruction because ifit was then i wouldnt beable to breathe normally somedays, right?
Doctor Answers (3)
Rhinoplasty and breathing problems
There are many treatments to help you breathe better through your nose. The best option is going to depend on your situation. You mentioned that you have had some type of surgery, but I don't know what kind. Without more information, photos, etc.I can't be more specific with respect to your individual case.
In broad terms, allergy and sinus medications can help many breathing problems. Over the counter remedies like sinus rinses and breathe-right strips may also help your breathing.
Surgery is an option to improve the breathing only other options fail to help.
Rhinoplasty is used to reshape the nose and we call it a functional rhinoplasty when the main goal of the operation is to improve breathing. It is important that your rhinoplasty surgeon pay attention to both form as well as function. Older rhinoplasty techniques will create a nice looking nose at the cost of functional support. This can result in a nose that droops with time or which collapses even with gentle breathing.
Seek on consultation with a local rhinoplasty expert to get a thorough evaluation and customized treatment plan (which may or may not include surgery)
Yours in good health, MKB
Montgomery Facial Plastic Surgeon
5.0 out of 5 stars 9 reviews
Breathing problems after surgery
It would be helpful to know what surgery was performed and how long ago it was performed. The function of the nose is usually impaired for several months after nose surgery and this improves with time. There may be ways to improve the breathing without surgery using nasal sprays to humidify the nose or decongestants. There may also be anatomical changes after surgery that are contributing and could be fixed by surgery. The only way to answer your question properly requires a physical examination and evaluation.
Kristina Tansavatdi, MD
Los Angeles Facial Plastic Surgeon
5.0 out of 5 stars 14 reviews
Is there anyway to fix breathing problems without surgery?
There may not be a solution based upon your description, but you should at least be examined.
Kenneth Hughes, MD
Los Angeles, CA
Kenneth B. Hughes, MD
Los Angeles Plastic Surgeon
5.0 out of 5 stars 218 reviews
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0.723934 | <urn:uuid:1f4bbbfe-7d2a-46a5-a395-eaa8956de557> | en | 0.973045 | They’re collectivists not liberals
The history of the term liberalism and how it's applied and misapplied
I always get sick and tired that people always misidentify leftists as liberals. They’re not liberals, they’re either progressives or collectivists. Or they can just be called leftists as I always do. Liberalism by its dictionary definition is “a theory in economics emphasizing individual freedom from restraint and usually based on free competition, the self-regulating market, and the gold standard”. Though then again there are also definitions pointing to the left. More specifically this is called classical liberalism. That’s not what the left stands for at all; rather completely opposite of that which government running all/most things and controlling our lives. I think liberalism by its modern interpretation first came about with FDR who identified himself as a liberal. It’s partially why people so often identify leftists as that so often as opposed marxist or collectivist (either would be more accurate). Or you could even call them progressives since that’s a term they actually invented themselves.
It’s not just the historical context that gives me a problem, but also how it’s used in different varieties in western countries. For example, there’s the Liberal Democrat party in UK and the Liberal party in Canada which are left-of-center, but there’s also the Liberal party in Australia which is conservative. There’s also the Liberal Democratic party in Japan which is right-of-centre. I guess I can concede that the term liberal can be loosely applied to identify the right or left, but I still don’t feel comfortable in using it myself. In my eyes, people like Michael Moore are what they are which is either marxist, collectivist or just leftist.
Classical liberalism in essence is libertarianism which is what the founders were as well as other figures like John Locke or Adam Smith. It’s especially incorrect to refer Barack Obama as a liberal. He’s anything but that and more accurately a socialist or even marxist. I can understand if people are simply use to calling these low life scums liberals since it’s what they’ve traditionally called. The left has always shifted labels around since the late 19th century. First they were progressives, then they were liberals. Then went back to progressive for awhile and now they’re “no-labels” or “moderates” since those terms have a negative stigma attached to them. Best to identify them as leftists if not anything else. Just keep that in mind. Type in the comments below what you think.
Get Alerts | http://www.redstate.com/diary/thelibertarian01/2013/08/08/theyre-collectivists-not-liberals/ | dclm-gs1-467025528 | false | false | {
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0.481622 | <urn:uuid:a1fc80a9-9ef8-4151-8c1d-6ccb44c974c9> | en | 0.948071 | J.K. Rowling Will Write A Harry Potter Film Without Harry Potter, Because Screw Him
Thursday, September 12 by
Ugh. Summer reading.
J.K. Rowling, who had gone from making over $100 million a year with her Harry Potter books to now only like, I don’t know, $25 million a year with her Harry Potter books, perhaps realized that people out there still really like Harry Potter.
So, she will begin a screenplay for Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, which is the name of a textbook the Hogwarts kids read in the first year, or probably just skimmed and asked kids who took an earlier period of the class if there was going to be a quiz that day.
The book exists in a largely separate universe (My headline was misleading to get you to read this far. Welcome to journalism on the Internet), taking place in New York seventy years before the events of Potter, and follows Newt Scamander, the textbook’s author.
This film will gross $400 million domestically. | http://www.screenjunkies.com/movies/movie-news/j-k-rowling-will-write-a-harry-potter-film-without-harry-potter-because-screw-him/ | dclm-gs1-467335528 | false | false | {
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0.065919 | <urn:uuid:eee34e6d-aad0-48b2-9e59-3b12bae874e7> | en | 0.950412 | Los Angeles natives Danl Goodman and Ian Johnson, known together as gLAdiator, return to San Francisco for a show at DNA Lounge on August 30. Their complementary eclectic tastes are essentially a twist of trap, electro and house.
We spoke with the duo about the trap music, what they have planned for their San Francisco show and the history of Danl’s beard.
What memory sticks out most from your last visit to San Francisco?
Danl: The Ciopino, for sure.
Ian: Last time we came was back in March. We went up with our buddy who is from San Francisco and before the show we had a really nice Italian dinner at a his grandma’s house. The show was pretty crazy at 1192 Folsom. The green room was really trippy with all the mirrors and stuff.
Danl: It was pretty chill.
How long have you had your beard, Danl?
Danl: I’ve had it on my face since the beginning of college. This iteration started growing September 22, 2011, the date of my last cool, clean-shaven face. Since then it’s been consistently growing for gLAdiator as part of the brand. Knowing the beard’s birthday is good for social media.
Is trap music here to stay or just a passing fad?
Danl: I think trap is a jumping off point. First of all, I don’t think there’s really anything that’s a passing fad—just points of evolution. Trap was a good jumping off point for hip-hop based electronic music. There’s so many iterations of trap now, you can’t call it trap anymore but it all happened because of trap.
Ian: I agree with everything Danl said. As long as people keep integrating and pushing the scene forward—you know, do something different and don’t get stagnant—I don’t think it will go anywhere. There will always be a core audience who wants that kind of music.
Do you agree that trap music is moving to ‘twerk’ (from 140 bpm down to 100 bpm) to make it more club friendly and easier to mix top 40 tracks?
Ian: I think it’s a little bit of both. Things are trending in that way, but I feel likes its just an offshoot or happened because of the trap explosion. I think it’s great—it’s just more good music to play. There are a lot of people like DJ Snake, for example, who can get their shine because of it.
Danl: In all the evolutions, the person evolves the sound, they become the face of that movement. It’s important that new faces sprout up because of the movement. For twerk in general, there’s a lot of moombah[ton] influence as well because of the speed. It’s a good combination.
Is there a new genre you’ve discovered recently or other genres that you’re interested in producing other than what you’re already currently doing?
Danl: I would definitely be down to do some juke shit, no lie.
Ian: We’re open to other stuff and all kinds of music. On our our upcoming EP, we have one uptempo house track that is different from anything we’re making right now. Also, a lot more chill uptempo stuff, like Dada or Philly club. Their shit is fun.
Danl: We have stuff like that in the works…
Ian: The big thing with something like that is to not get pigeon-holed into making that one kind of specific sound all the time. Especially if you want to have longevity in your career.
Danl: There’s a reason that Dillon Francis is still popular. Diplo is undoubtedly the greatest pacemaker in the game.
Ian: 100 percent true. Honestly, he sets the trend for sure.
What’s your ideal performance environment or venue (indoor vs. outdoor, large or small, festival or one-off)?
Danl: What a question!
Ian: Festival and club shows are very different for many reasons. For me, the dream house festival is most ideal.
Danl: …that or the main stage of Tomorrowland, the biggest festival in the world.
Ian: Playing outside, you have that huge open air thing where you can see the whole crowd. Being up on the stage is the reason you want to be a musician. In terms of an indoor club venue, it depends—playing a huge one can be fun, but sometimes smaller ones can be more fun.
Danl: If they’re there to have fun and you are there to have fun, you just have a clear understanding that it’s a good time in this bitch. There could be less than 100 people in the room, but 100 percent of people freaking out at every track, feedback from the crowd. I’d much rather play in that small room of people going ape-shit.
What live on-stage elements and/or special guests do you plan to bring to DNA Lounge?
Danl: Well, I will say this—Ian is gonna bring infinite amounts of swag. I’ll definitely bring the beard. It’s just going to be our boys and a shit-ton of energy. | http://www.sfstation.com/2013/08/26/gladiator-bring-trap-and-bass-to-dna-lounge/ | dclm-gs1-467435528 | false | false | {
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0.047924 | <urn:uuid:a6cc4c3e-cbca-43a7-97de-900caac6eefb> | en | 0.91028 | • Save
Fundamentals Of Nursing
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Fundamentals Of Nursing Document Transcript
Calling that requires special knowledge, skill and preparation.
Generally distinguished from other kinds of occupation by:
Its requirement of prolonged, specialized training to acquire a body of knowledge pertinent to the role to be performed.
An orientation of the individual toward service , either to a community or to an organization
Critical attributes of professionalism in nursing:
Gaining a body of knowledge in a university setting and a science orientation at the graduate in nursing.
Attaining competence derived from the theoretical base wherein the “diagnosis and the treatment of human responses to actual or potential health problems ” can be accomplished.
Delineating and specifying the skills and competencies that are the boundaries of expertise.
Growth of professionalism:
specialized education
body of knowledge
Professional behaviours of nurses:
Assesses, plans, implements and evaluates theory, research and practice in nursing.
Accepts, promotes and maintains the interdependence of theory, research and practice. These 3 elements make nursing a profession and not a task-centered activity.
Communicates and disseminates theoretical knowledge, practical knowledge and research findings to the nursing community.
Upholds the service orientation of nursing in the eyes of the public. This orientation differentiates nursing from an occupation pursued primarily for profit.
Many consider altruism (selfless concern for others)
Nursing has a tradition of service to others
Preserve and promotes the professional organization as the major referent
A process in which a person learns the ways of a group or society in order to become a functioning participant
a reciprocal learning process that occurs through interaction with other people
Types of Nursing Knowledge:
Carper(1978)- identified 4 “patterns of knowing” that make up the basic core of nursing knowledge
Nursing science
scientific knowledge
Is the “cognitive brain” of nursing and includes knowledge obtained through nursing research and research done in other disciplines.
Nursing esthetics
the way in which nursing knowledge is expressed
it is the art or the “heart of nursing”
involves feelings gained by subjective experience
it is through the art of nursing that nurses express caring
Esthetics includes
Sensitivity and empathy
enable the nurse to be aware of the client’s perspective and to be attentive to verbal and nonverbal cues to the clients psychologic state
Nursing ethics
refers to the knowledge of accepted professional standards of conduct
concerned with matters of obligation , or what ought to be done
consist of information about basic moral principles and processes for determining “right” actions
e.g. Nurses are accountable to consumers and each other for the ethical performance of their work.
A personal knowledge
Concerned with knowing oneself
having a conscious awareness of one’s own values, beliefs, attitudes and abilities
Involves knowing of self in relation to another and interacting on a person-person, rather than a role to role basis.
Five levels of proficiency:
a nursing student or any nurse entering a clinical setting where that person has no experience.
Ability is extremely limited, inflexible and governed by structures rules and protocols.
Advanced beginner
Can demonstrate marginally accepted performance.
Has had experience with enough real situations to be aware of the meaningful aspects of a situation
The ability to recognize a client’s readiness to learn how to manage a treatment plan.
Competence is manifested by the nurse who has been on the job in a similar situation for 2 or 3 years.
Competence develops when the nurse consciously and deliberately plans nursing care and coordinates multiple complex care demands
At this stage the nurse demonstrate organizational ability but lacks the speed and flexibility of the proficient nurse.
Knows how to prioritize care requirements for an individual or groups of client’s
The competent nurse will ensure that intravenous infusions are running , that clients are receiving required medications, and that client’s are receiving required medications
The proficient nurse perceives a situation as a whole rather than just its individual aspects.
The nurse focuses on long-term goals and is oriented toward managing the nursing care of a client rather than performing specific tasks
Uses maxims as guides but applies then only after acquiring a deep understanding of the situation.
The nurse makes the decision according to the demands of the situation and the lessons of past experiences
The expert performer no longer relies on rules , guidelines or maxims to connect an understanding of the situation to an appropriate action
The expert nurse intuitively grasps each situation and focuses on the accurate area of the problem without wasteful consideration of large ranges of unnecessary alternative diagnoses and solutions
Expert nurses have highly developed perceptual acuity or recognitional ability , flexible and highly proficient
The nurse’s highly skilled analytic ability can be transferred to situations with which the nurse has had no previous experience.
Roles of professional nurse:
Each role is describe as a separate entity for the sake of clarity
Care provider
Caring involves knowledge and sensitivity to what matters and what is important to clients.
The nurse supports the client by attitudes and actions that show concern for client welfare and acceptance of the client as a person, not merely mechanical being.
Caring Is central to most nursing interventions and an essential attribute of the expert nurse
The nurse communicates to other health care personnel the nursing interventions planned and implemented for each client
Nurses communicate pertinent information verbally at change of shift reports , when clients are transferred to another unit and when clients are discharged to another health care agency.
Teaching -activity by which the teacher helps the students to learn
-it is an interactive process between a teacher and one or more learners in which specific learning objectives are achieved
Is the process of helping a client to recognize and cope with stressful psychologic or social problems, to develop improved interpersonal relationships, and to promote personal growth.
It involves providing emotional, intellectual and psychologic support.
The nurse focuses on helping the person develop new attitudes , feelings and behaviors rather than on promoting intellectual growth.
The nurse encourages the client to look at alternative behaviors , recognize the choices and develop a sense of control
Counseling requires therapeutic communication skills.
e.g.The nurse must be a skilled leader able to analyze the situation, synthesize the information and experiences and evaluate the progress and productivity of the individual or group
client advocate
pleads for a cause or proposal
Advocacy- involves concern for and defined actions in behalf of another person or organization to bring about a change
Promoting what is best for the client
CLIENT ADVOCATE- An advocate of the client’s rights.
Social Advocacy- Entails advocating on behalf of a population or a community to effective positive change.
Change agent
A person or group who initiates changes or who assists others in making modifications in themselves or in the system.
One who identifies the problem
assess the clients modifications capacities for change
Determines alternativeness
Assess resources
Determines appropriate nursing roles
Maintains a helping relationship
Leadership role can be applied at many different levels
Nursing Leadership:
A process of interpersonal influence through which the nurse helps a client make decisions in establishing and achieving goals to improve the client’s well being.
Leadership validates the professional nurse’s practice and enhances professional growth.
Improving the health status and potential of individuals and families
Increasing the effectiveness and level of satisfaction among professional colleagues providing care
Raising citizens and legislators attitudes toward and expectations of the nursing profession
Nursing Management:
planning, giving direction , developing staff , monitoring operations giving rewards fairly , representing both staff members and administration as needed
occurs within an organizational environment
delegates nursing activities to ancillary workers and other nurses and supervises and evaluates their performance
According to the standards of clinical nursing practice ,all nurses should select nursing interventions that are substantiated by research and further that all nurses may participate in research activities based on their level of education, their position and their practice setting
Four major attributes of human being:
The capacity to think or conceptualize on the abstract level
Family formation
The tendency to seek and maintain territory
The ability to use verbal symbols as language, a means of developing and maintaining culture
Nursing concepts of man:
Man is a biopsychosocial and spiritual being who is in constant contact with the environment
Biologic being- All men have the same basic human needs.
Psychologic being- Man is unique, irreplaceable, one-time being. No two persons are exactly alike. Man is rational but at times irrational; mature with core of immaturity; with limited and unlimited nature; a being of contradictions; a being who is usually at the crossroads of indecisiveness.
Social being- man is like some other men. Group of people have some common attributes.
Culture, age,a groups, social status, educational status, etc
Spiritual being- All men are spiritual in nature; all men are endowed with virtues of faith, hope and charity. Men believe in the existence of Supreme Power who guides our fate and destiny.
Man is an open system in constant interaction with a changing environment.
An open system is one that allows input and output.
Foods, energy, microorganism
Man is a unified whole
Composed of parts which are interdependent and interrelated with each other
To have adequate oxygenation, there should be normal functioning of the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, and nervous system
Man is composed of parts which are greater than and different from the sum of all its parts.
Man is greater than the sum of all its parts because man is simply a composite of physiologic body parts. Man is endowed with intellect, will, judgment ability, decision-making ability, talents, strengths, etc.
Man is different from the sum of all his parts because at times his responses are predictable but at times unpredictable. Sometimes he responds favourably to some factors (food, medications, treatments) but at times he responds unfavorably.
Man is an individual with vital reparative processes to deal with disease and desirous of health. (Nightingale)
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Basic Needs
Physiologic- oxygen, food, fluids, body temperature, elimination, rest and sleep, sex
Sex is not necessary for individual survival but it is necessary for survival of mankind
Safety and security- physical safety, psychological safety, freedom from harm and danger
Love and belongingness- the need to love and be loved; the need to care and be cared for; the need for affection, to associate or to belong; the need to establish fruitful and meaningful relationship with people, institution or organization
Self-esteem- self-worth; self-identity; self-respect; body image
Self-actualization- the need to learn, create and understand or comprehend; the need to be self-fulfilled; the need for spiritual fulfilment
Characteristics of basic human needs:
Needs are universal- all human beings have the same basic human needs
Needs maybe met in different ways
If a person is unable to eat through the mouth, nutrition may be administered through nasogastric tube or intravenous route
Needs maybe stimulated by external and internal factors
Smelling a seemingly delicious food will trigger hunger in person. Internal factors such as low blood glucose level will stimulate sensation of hunger.
Needs maybe deferred
A person who is confined in the hospital has to forego his need for independence and privacy
Needs are interrelated
When the needs of an infant are adequately met, he associates this with satisfaction of his needs for love and belongingness.
When a person has self-esteem, he is more capable of loving and appreciating other people
Characteristics of self-actualized person:
Is realistic, sees life clearly, and is objective about his or her observations.
Judges people correctly
More decisive
Has clear notion to what is right or wrong
Is usually accurate in predicting future events
Understands art, music, politics, and philosophy
Possesses humility, listens to others carefully
Is dedicated to some work, task, duty or vocation
Is highly creative, spontaneous, courageous, and willing to make mistakes
Is open to new ideas
Is self-confident and has self-respect
Has low degree of self-conflict; personality is integrated
Respects self
Is highly independent, desires privacy
Can appear remote and detached
Is friendly, loving, and governed more by inner directives than society
Can make decisions contrary to popular opinion
Is problem-centered than self-centered
Accepts the world for what it is
Health is a fundamental right of every human being
Across the lifespan, man moves from the health spectrum to the illness spectrum.
Health and illness are highly individualized perceptions.
Meanings and descriptions vary among people in relation to geography and culture.
Health is being well and using one’s power to the fullest extent. Health is maintained through prevention of disease via environmental health factors. (Nightingale)
Illness is a personal (physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental or spiritual) state in which the person feels unhealthy.
Disease is an alteration in body functions resulting in reduction of capacities or shortening of normal life span.
1. Heredity- family history for diabetes mellitus; hypertension; cancer
2. Behavioral factors- cigarette smoking; alcohol abuse; high animal fat intake
3. Environmental factors- overcrowding; poor sanitation; poor supply of potable water
1. Biologic agents- microorganisms
2. Inherited genetic defects- cleft palate
3. Developmental defects- imperforate anus
4. Physical agents- hot and cold substances; radiation; UV rays
5. Chemical agents- lead; emissions from smoke-belching cars
6. Tissue response to irritation/injury- inflammation
7. Faulty chemical/metabolic process- inadequate insulin in diabetes mellitus; inadequate iodine causing goiter.
8. Emotional/physical reaction to stress- anxiety or fear
1. Symptom Experience- the person believes something is wrong
Experiences some symptoms
3 aspects:
Physical- fever; muscle aches; malaise; headache
Cognitive- perception of having “flu”
Emotional- worry on consequence of illness
2. Assumption of the Sick Role- acceptance of the illness
Seeks advice, support for decision to give up some activities
3. Medical Care Contact- seeks advice of health professionals for the following reasons:
: validation of real illness
: explanation of symptoms
: reassurance or prediction of outcomes
4. Dependent Patient Role- the client becomes dependent on the health professional for help
Accepts/rejects health professional’s suggestions.
Becomes more passive and accepting
5. Recovery/Rehabilitation- gives up the sick role and returns to former roles and functions.
Any situation, habit, social or environmental condition, physiological or psychological condition, developmental or intellectual condition, or spiritual or other variable that increases the vulnerability of an individual or group to an illness or accident.
Presence of risk factors does not mean that a disease will develop, but risk factors increases the chances that the individual will experience a particular dysfunction.
1. Genetic and Physiologic- heredity or genetic predisposition
2. Age- age increases or decreases susceptibility to certain illnesses (e.g. the risk of heart diseases increases with age for both sexes; the risk of birth defects and complications of pregnancy increases in women bearing children after age 35.
3. Environment- can increase the likelihood that certain illnesses will occur. (e.g. when workers are exposed to certain chemicals or when people live near toxic waste disposal sites.
4. Lifestyle- behaviors and practices can have positive or negative effects on health.
e.g. risk for illness include tobacco use, alcohol or drug abuse
e.g. threat to injury such as skydiving or mountain climbing
Stress can threaten mental & physical health
What is the importance of identifying these risk factors?
“The goal of risk factor identification is to merely assist the clients in visualizing the areas in their life that can be modified or even eliminated to promote wellness and prevent illness”
Disease- disturbance of structure or of function of the body or its constituent parts.
Morbidity- condition of being diseased.
Morbidity rate- the proportion of disease to health in a community.
Mortality- condition or quality of being subject to death
Ecology- the science of organisms as affected by factors in their environment; deals with the relationship between disease and geographical environment
Epidemiology- study of patterns of health and disease, its occurrence and distribution in man, for the purpose of control and prevention of disease.
Susceptibility- the degree of resistance the potential host has against the pathogen.
Etiologic agent- one that possesses the potential for producing injury or disease
Virulence- degree of pathogenicity; ability to produce poison that repel or destroY phagocytes.
Symptomatology- study of symptoms
Symptom- manifestation of perceptible changes in the body which indicate the presence of a disease or disorder. It is subjective in nature.
Sign- an objective symptom or objective evidence or physical manifestation made apparent by special methods of examination or use of senses.
Syndrome- a set of signs and symptoms, which when considered together characterize a disease
Pathology- branch of medicine which deals with the cause, nature, treatment and resultant structural and functional changes of disease
Pathogenesis- method of origin and development of a disease
Diagnosis- art or act of determining the nature of a disease; recognition of a diseased state
Sequela- consequences that follows the normal course of an illness
Complication- a condition that occurs during or after the course of an illness
Prognosis- prediction of the course and end of a disease process. Good prognosis means that there is great possibility to recover from the disease and poor prognosis means that there is great risk for morbidity or mortality
Recovery- implies that there is apparent restoration to the pre-illness state
A. According to Etiologic Factors
B. According to Duration or Onset
C. Others
According to Etiologic Factors
Hereditary- due to defects in the genes
Congenital- due to defect in the development, hereditary factors, prenatal infection; present at birth (e.g. cleft lip, cleft palate)
Metabolic- due to disturbances or abnormality in the intricate processes of metabolism (e.g. diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism)
Deficiency- results from inadequate intake or absorption of essential dietary factors.
Traumatic – due to injury (e.g. fractures)
Allergic- due to abnormal response of the body to chemical or protein substances or to physical stimuli (asthma, skin allergy)
Neoplastic- due to abnormal or uncontrolled growth of cells
Idiopathic- cause is unknown; self-originated (e.g. cancer)
Degenerative- results from degenerative changes that occur in tissue or organ (osteoporosis, osteoarthritis)
Iatrogenic- results from the treatment of a disease (e.g. hypothyroidism after thyroid surgery; alopecia after chemotherapy)
B. According to Duration or Onset
Acute- has short duration and usually severe; s/sx appear abruptly, are intense and subside after a relatively short period
Chronic- persists usually longer than 6 months
Client may fluctuate between maximal functioning and serious relapses
Remission– dse is controlled and exacerbation– dse becomes more active again
e.g. hypertension
Familial- occurs in several individuals of the same family (e.g. hypertension and cancer)
Venereal- acquired through sexual relation
Epidemic- attacks a large number of individuals in a community at the same time (e.g. SARS)
Endemic- recurs in a community (e.g. malaria in Palawan; goiter in mountain province)
Pandemic- extremely widespread involving entire country or continent
Sporadic- dse in which only occasional cases occur (Dengue during rainy seasons, leptospirosis during floods)
To encourage optimal health and to increase the person’s resistance to illness
Seeks to prevent a disease
To stop something from ever happening
Health promotion
Specific protection
Also known as health maintenance
Seeks to identify specific illnesses or conditions at an early stage
Early diagnosis/ detection/ screening
Prompt treatment to limit disability
To support client towards successful adaptation to known risks, optimal reconstitution, and/or establishment of high-level wellness
Occurs after a dse or disability has occurred and the recovery process has begun
Intent is to halt the dse or injury process
Communication- The interchange of information between 2 or more people; the exchange of ideas and thoughts.
Transmission of feelings or a more personal and social interaction between people.
Any means of exchanging information or feelings between 2 or more people.
Intent of communication is to elicit a response.
Communication is a process.
Has 2 purposes
To influence others
To obtain information
May be helpful and unhelpful
Communication can occur in an intrapersonal level within a single individual as well as interpersonal and group levels.
Intrapersonal communication
-communication that you have with yourself(self talk)
Communication process
Face to face communication involves a sender, a message, a receiver and a response, or feedback.
Communication is a 2 way process involving the sending and receiving the message.
A person or group who wishes to convey a message to another, considered the source –encoder.
Encoding- involves the selection of specific signs or symbols (codes)to transmit message, such as which language and words to use, how to arrange the words, and what tone of voice and gestures to use.
The second component of the communication process is the message itself—what is actually said or written ,the body language that accompanies the words and how the message is transmitted.
The 3rd component of communication process is the listener who must listen, observe and attend. The person is the decoder, who must perceive what the sender intended(interpretation)
To decode– to relate the message perceived to the receiver’s storehouse of knowledge and experience and to sort out the meaning of the message.
The 4th component of the communication process, the response, is the message that the receiver returns to the sender.
Also called the feedback
Can either be verbal or nonverbal or both
Modes of communication
Verbal communication- uses the spoken or written word.
Largely conscious because people choose the words, they use.
Pace and intonation
Clarity and brevity (briefness)
Timing and relevance
nonverbal communication-
Sometimes called body language.
Nonverbal communication
Uses other forms,such as:
Facial expressions
Posture, gait
General physical appearance
Mode of dress and grooming
Therapeutic communication
Promotes understanding and can help establish a constructive relationship between the nurse and the client
It is client and goal oriented
Nurses need to respond not only to the content of the client’s verbal message but also to the feelings expressed
Nurses have to understand the client views to the situation and feels about it before responding
Active listening-
Listening actively, using all the senses as opposed to listening passively with just one ear.
Most important technique in nursing and basic to all other techniques
An active process that requires energy and concentration.
Involves paying attention to the total message , both verbal and non verbal and noting whether these communications are congruent.
Means absorbing both the content and the feeling the person is conveying without selectivity.
S – Sit facing the client
O – Open Posture
L – Lean forward towards client
E – Establish eye contact
R- Relax!!
Barriers to communication:
Agreeing and disagreeing-
Being defensive-
Changing topics and subjects
Unwarranted reassurance
Passing Judgments
Giving common advice
Helping relationships:
Helping- a growth-facilitating process that strives to achieve 2 basic goals.
1. Help clients manage their problems in living more effectively and develop unused or underused opportunities more fully
2. Help clients become better at helping themselves in their everyday lives
Phases of helping relationship
PREINTERACTION PHASE- try to learn as much as possible about your client, including reasons for seeking care
Review medical record and nursing notes
Note hx of previous hospitalizations as well as procedures that he had undergone in the past
Note cc (chief complaint)
Speak with other healthcare who may have cared for the client
The nurse must also examine self’s culturally-based beliefs and values.
INTRODUCTORY/ ORIENTATION PHASE- it is important to show the client respect and to establish trust and rapport (understanding/ connection)
Therapeutic Technique
1. Offering Self
making self-available and showing interest and concern.
“I will walk with you”
2. Active listening
paying close attention to what the patient is saying by observing both verbal and non-verbal cues.
Maintaining eye contact and making verbal remarks to clarify and encourage further communication.
3. Exploring
“Tell me more about your son”
4. Giving broad openings
What do you want to talk about today?
5. Silence
Planned absence of verbal remarks to allow patient and nurse to think over what is being discussed and to say more.
6. Stating the observed
verbalizing what is observed in the patient to, for validation and to encourage discussion
“You sound angry”
7. Encouraging comparisons
· asking to describe similarities and differences among feelings, behaviors, and events.
· “Can you tell me what makes you more comfortable, working by yourself or working as a member of a team?”
8. Identifying themes
asking to identify recurring thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
“When do you always feel the need to check the locks and doors?”
9. Summarizing
reviewing the main points of discussions and making appropriate conclusions.
“During this meeting, we discussed about what you will do when you feel the urge to hurt your self again and this include…”
10. Placing the event in time or sequence
asking for relationship among events.
“When do you begin to experience this ticks? Before or after you entered grade school?”
11. Voicing doubt
voicing uncertainty about the reality of patient’s statements, perceptions and conclusions.
“I find it hard to believe…”
12. Encouraging descriptions of perceptions
asking the patients to describe feelings, perceptions and views of their situations.
“What are these voices telling you to do?”
13. Presenting reality or confronting
stating what is real and what is not without arguing with the patient.
“I know you hear these voices but I do not hear them”.
“I am Lhynnelli, your nurse, and this is a hospital and not a beach resort.
14. Seeking clarification
asking patient to restate, elaborate, or give examples of ideas or feelings to seek clarification of what is unclear.
“I am not familiar with your work, can you describe it further for me”.
“I don’t think I understand what you are saying”.
15. Verbalizing the implied
Rephrasing patient’s words to highlight an underlying message to clarify statements.
Patient: I won’t be bothering you anymore soon.
Nurse: Are you thinking of killing yourself?
16. Reflecting
Throwing back the patient’s statement in a form of question helps the patient identify feelings.
Patient: I think I should leave now.
Nurse: Do you think you should leave now?
17. Restating
Repeating the exact words of patients to remind them of what they said and to let them know they are heard.
Patient: I can’t sleep. I stay awake all night.
Nurse: You can’t sleep at night?
18. General leads
Using neutral expressions to encourage patients to continue talking.
“Go on…”
“You were saying…”
19. Asking question
using open-ended questions to achieve relevance and depth in discussion.
“How did you feel when the doctor told you that you are ready for discharge soon?”
20. Empathy
Recognizing and acknowledging patient’s feelings.
“It’s hard to begin to live alone when you have been married for more than thirty years”.
21. Focusing
Pursuing a topic until its meaning or importance is clear.
“Let us talk more about your best friend in college”
“You were saying…”
22. Interpreting
Providing a view of the meaning or importance of something.
Patient: I always take this towel wherever I go.
Nurse: That towel must always be with you.
23. Encouraging evaluation
Asking for patients views of the meaning or importance of something.
“What do you think led the court to commit you here?”
“Can you tell me the reasons you don’t want to be discharged?
24. Suggesting collaboration
Offering to help patients solve problems.
“Perhaps you can discuss this with your children so they will know how you feel and what you want”.
25. Encouraging goal setting
Asking patient to decide on the type of change needed.
“What do you think about the things you have to change in yourself?”
26. Encouraging formulation of a plan of action
Probing for step by step actions that will be needed.
“If you decide to leave home when your husband beat you again what will you do next?”
27. Encouraging decisions
Asking patients to make a choice among options.
“Given all these choices, what would you prefer to do.
28. Encouraging consideration of options
Asking patients to consider the pros and cons of possible options.
“Have you thought of the possible effects of your decision to you and your family?”
29. Giving information
Providing information that will help patients make better choices.
“Nobody deserves to be beaten and there are people who can help and places to go when you do not feel safe at home anymore”.
30. Limit setting
Discouraging nonproductive feelings and behaviors, and encouraging productive ones.
“Please stop now. If you don’t, I will ask you to leave the group and go to your room.
31. Supportive confrontation
acknowledging the difficulty in changing, but pushing for action.
“I understand. You feel rejected when your children sent you here but if you look at this way…”
32. Role playing
practicing behaviors for specific situations, both the nurse and patient play particular role.
“I’ll play your mother, tell me exactly what would you say when we meet on Sunday”.
33. Rehearsing
asking the patient for a verbal description of what will be said or done in a particular situation.
“Supposing you meet these people again, how would you respond to them when they ask you to join them for a drink?”.
34. Feedback
Pointing out specific behaviors and giving impressions of reactions.
“I see you combed your hair today”.
35. Encouraging evaluation
Asking patients to evaluate their actions and their outcomes.
“What did you feel after participating in the group therapy?”.
36. Reinforcement
Giving feedback on positive behaviors.
“Everyone was able to give their options when we talked one by one and each of waited patiently for our turn to speak”.
Avoid pitfalls:
Giving advise
Talking about your self
Telling client is wrong
Entering into hallucinations and delusions of client
False reassurance
Giving approval
Asking WHY?
Changing subject
Defending doctors and other health team members.
Non-therapeutic Technique
1. Overloading
Talking rapidly, changing subjects too often, and asking for more information than can be absorbed at one time.
“What’s your name? I see you like sports. Where do you live?”
2. Value Judgments
giving one’s own opinion, evaluating, moralizing or implying one’s values by using words such as “nice”, “bad”, “right”, “wrong”, “should” and “ought”.
“You shouldn’t do that, its wrong”.
3. Incongruence
sending verbal and non-verbal messages that contradict one another.
The nurse tells the patient “I’d like to spend time with you” and then walks away.
4. Underloading
remaining silent and unresponsive, not picking up cues, and failing to give feedback.
The patient ask the nurse, simply walks away.
5. False reassurance/ agreement
Using cliché to reassure client.
“It’s going to be alright”.
6. Invalidation
Ignoring or denying another’s presence, thought’s or feelings.
Client: How are you?
Nurse responds: I can’t talk now. I’m too busy.
7. Focusing on self
responding in a way that focuses attention to the nurse instead of the client.
“This sunshine is good for my roses. I have beautiful rose garden”.
8. Changing the subject
introducing new topic
inappropriately, a pattern that may indicate anxiety.
The client is crying, when the nurse asks “How many children do you have?”
9. Giving advice
telling the client what to do, giving opinions or making decisions for the client, implies client cannot handle his or her own life decisions and that the nurse is accepting responsibility.
“If I were you… Or it would be better if you do it this way…”
10. Internal validation
making an assumption about the meaning of someone else’s behavior that is not validated by the other person (jumping into conclusion).
The nurse sees a suicidal clients smiling and tells another nurse the patient is in good mood.
Other ineffective behaviors and responses:
Defending – Your doctor is very good.
Requesting an explanation – Why did you do that?
Reflecting – You are not suppose to talk like that!
Literal responses – If you feel empty then you should eat more.
Looking too busy.
Appearing uncomfortable in silence.
Being opinionated.
Avoiding sensitive topics
Arguing and telling the client is wrong
Having a closed posture-crossing arms on chest
Making false promises – I’ll make sure to call you when you get home.
Ignoring the patient – I can’t talk to you right now
Making sarcastic remarks
Laughing nervously
Showing disapproval – You should not do those things.
Defecation: expulsion of feces
Feces enters the rectum
Local distention and pressure pressure gives rise to sensory impulses
Internal anal sphincter relaxes
Feces moves into the anal canal
External sphincter relaxes voluntarily
Fecal expulsion
Valsalva maneuver: contraction of the abdominal muscles by forceful expiration with the glottis (The middle part of the larynx, the area where the vocal cords are located) closed. This increases abdominal pressure and thus facilitates defecation.
100-400 grams of feces are produced daily.
Feces consist of 75% water and 25% solid.
If the feces are moved rapidly through the large intestine, less water is absorbed and the stool is liquid.
If the movement of feces and elimination are delayed, an excessive amount of water is absorbed and the stool becomes hard and dry.
Normal Characteristics of Stool:
Color: brown (adult)—due to bile and yellow (infants)
Consistency: formed, soft, semisolid, moist
Shape: cylindrical
Odor: aromatic
Constituents: small amounts of undigested roughage; sloughed dead bacteria; inorganic matter (calcium and phosphates)
Alterations in the characteristics of stool:
Hematochezia- passage of stool with bright red blood. Due to lower GI bleeding
Melena- black, tarry stool due to upper GI bleeding
Steatorrhea- greasy, bulky, foul-smelling stool due to undigested fats
Factors that affect defecation:
Age and development- control of defecation starts at 1 ½ to 2 years of age (children learned to walk and nervous and muscular systems are sufficiently well-developed to permit bowel control)
Daytime control is normally attained by age 2 ½.
Desire to control daytime bowel movement starts when the child becomes aware of a discomfort (a) discomfort caused by a soiled diaper (b) sensation that indicates the need for a bowel movement.
Diet- sufficient bulk (fiber) is necessary
Spicy foods can produce diarrhea and flatus
Gas-producing foods: cabbage, onions, cauliflower, bananas, apples
Laxative-producing foods: prunes, chocolate and alcohol
Constipation-producing foods: cheese, pasta, eggs, lean meats
Fluid: healthy fecal elimination usually requires a daily fluid intake of 2000-3000 ml
When fluid intake is inadequate or output is excessive, the body continues to absorb fluid from the chyme (the semi fluid mass into which food is converted by gastric secretion and which passes from the stomach into the small intestine.) as it passes along the colon—resulting in hard feces.
Activity: it promotes muscle tone and peristalsis
Psychologic factors: anxiety and feelings of anger may increase peristalsis; depression may slow intestinal motility
Lifestyle: postponing defecation, schedule, availability of toilet facilities
Medications: tranquilizers, morphine and codeine may cause constipation; laxatives stimulate bowel activity and assist fecal elimination
Diagnostics procedures: cleansing enema; barium (contrats medium used in radiologic exams) can cause constipation
Anesthesia and surgery: general anesthesia causes decreased peristalsis; surgery that involves direct handling of intestines cause temporary cessation of intestinal movement (called paralytic ileus lasts 24-48 hours)
Listening to bowel sounds (intestinal motility) is an important nursing assessment following surgery
Pathologic conditions: spinal cord injuries and head injuries can decrease sensory stimulation for defecation
Irritants: spicy foods, bacterial toxins, poisons can irritate intestinal tract and produce diarrhea and large amount of flatus
Pain: clients who experience discomfort when defecating often suppresses the urge—constipation results
Common fecal elimination problems:
Constipation: passage of small, dry, hard stool or the passage of no stool for a period of time.
Nursing Interventions:
Adequate fluid intake
High fiber diet
Establish regular pattern of defecation (routine, rituals)
Respond immediately to the urge of defecation
Minimize stress
Adequate activity and exercise
Assume sitting or semi-squatting position
Administer laxatives (see types below) as ordered
Chemical irritants- provide chemical stimulation to intestinal wall thereby increasing peristalsis; eg Dulcolax (Bisacodyl), castor oil, Senokot (Senna)
Stool lubricants- lubricates feces; eg mineral oil
Stool softeners- softens stool; eg Colace (Na docusate)
Bulk formers- increase bulk of feces, increasing pressure and distention of the intestines; eg Metamucil (Psyllium hydrophilic)
Osmotic agent- they attract fluids from intestines; eg Duphalac (lactulose)
Fecal Impaction: mass or collection of hardened, puttylike feces in the folds of rectum (large, hard, dry stool in the rectum)
Absence of BM for 3-5 days
Passage of liquid fecal seepage
Hardened fecal mass can palpated in the rectum during digital examination
Anorexia, body malaise
Subjective feeling of abdominal fullness or bloating
Nausea and vomiting
Nursing interventions:
Increase fluid intake
Sufficient bulk in the diet
Adequate activity and exercise
Diarrhea: frequent evacuation of watery stools; associated with increased GI motility and rapid passage of fecal contents to the lower GI tract
Nursing Interventions:
Replace fluid and electrolyte lossess
Provide good perineal care (diarrheal stools are often acidic—this can cause anal soarness)
Diet: small amount of bland food (nonirritating); low fiber diet; BRAT diet (banana, rice, apple, toast)
Avoid excessively hot or cold fluids (these are stimulants)
Potassium-rich foods (banana, Gatorade)
Caution: Do not administer anti diarrheal at the start of diarrhea. Diarrhea is the body’s protective mechanism to rid itself of bacteria and toxins
Flatulence: presence of excessive gas in the intestines
Common causes:
Rapid food or fluid ingestion
Improper use of drinking straw
Excessive drinking of carbonated beverages
Gum chewing, candy sucking, smoking
Abdominal surgery. This causes decreased peristalsis
Nursing Interventions:
Avoid gas-forming foods
Provide warm fluids to drink
Early ambulation among post-op clients
Limit carbonated beverages, use of drinking straws, and chewing gum
Rectal tube insertion as ordered:
Place client in left lateral position
Insert 3-4 inches of lubricated rectal tube, gently in rotating motion
Use rectal tube Fr. 22-30
Retain rectal tube for maximum of 30 mins.
Carminative enema as ordered
Fecal incontinence: loss of voluntary ability to control fecal and gaseous discharges; often associated with neurological, mental, or emotional impairments
To relieve constipation and fecal impaction
To relieve flatulence
To administer medications
To evacuate feces in preparation for diagnostics procedure or sugery
Protection: consider your contact with body fluids
Tube: lubricate insertion tube 3-4 inches
Position: left lateral
Administration: deliver slowly to minimize discomfort
Height of container:
Retention enema: 12” above the rectum
Non retention: 18: above the rectum
Temperature: not more than 42 degrees Celsius
Types of Enema:
Cleansing enema: height of the container is 18 inches from the point of entry; instruct the client to hold the fluid for 10-15 minutes or as long as he possibly can
High enema- to clean as much of the colon as possible 1000 ml of solution is introduced to an adult
Low enema- to clean the rectum and the sigmoid colon; 500 ml of solution is introduced to an adult
If client complains of cramping, clamp the tube for 30 seconds
Carminative enema: to expel gas; it distends the rectum and colon and stimulates peristalsis; uses about 60-180 ml of fluid
Retention enema: introduces oil into the rectumand sigmoid colon; oil (mineral or cotton seed oil) is retained in 1-3 hours; softens the stool
Non-retention enema:
Solutions used:
Tap water: 500-1000ml
Soap suds: 20 ml of soap to 500-1000ml of water
Normal saline solution: 9 ml of NaCl to 1000ml of water
Hypertonic solution/Fleet enema: 90-120 ml of solution
Nursing Interventions in Enema Administration:
Check doctor’s order
Provide privacy. To prevent feeling of embarrassment.
Position the client:
Adult- left lateral
Infants and small children- dorsal recumbent
Sizes of tube:
Adults- Fr 22-32
Children- Fr 14-18
Infants- Fr 12
Lubricate 5 cm (2 inches) of rectal tube
Allow air to flow through the connecting tube and rectal tube to expel air before insertion. This prevents introduction of air into the colon.
Insert 7-10 cm (3-4 inches) of rectal tube in a rotating motion. This is to prevent irritation of anal and rectal tissues.
If abdominal cramps occur during introduction of solution, stop the flow by clamping the tube until peristalsis relaxes.
After introduction of solution, press buttocks together to inhibit the urge to defecate.
Do perianal care.
Make relevant documentation.
Nursing Diagnoses: Clients with Fecal Elimination problem
Constipation related to:
inadequate fiber in diet
immobility/ inadequate physical activity
inadequate fluid intake
pain on defecation
change in routine (diet intake)
delaying defecation when urge is present
Diarrhea related to:
Dietary alteration
Inflammation/irritation of the bowel
Spoiled foods
Potential fluid volume deficit related to:
Excessive fluid loss in stool
Potential for impaired skin integrity related to:
Prolonged diarrhea
Bowel incontinence
Main fxn of urinary system is to maintain homeostasis by maintaining body fluid composition and volume
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra
Review of Anatomy and Physiology:
Kidneys- nephrons are its functional units
Through the formation of urine, kidneys remove waste products from the body, regulate fluid volume, and maintain electrolyte concentration, blood pressure and pH within the body.
About 1,200 ml of blood flows to the kidneys per minute which is 20-25% of the cardiac output.
The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is 125 ml/minute. From this, the kidneys form 0.5 to 1 ml/minute, 60 ml/hour, approximately 1,500 ml per day
Ureters- 2 small tubes about 25 cm long
They transport urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder
Urinary bladder- reservoir for urine
Contraction of detrusor muscles expels urine from the bladder
Approximate maximum capacity of the bladder is 1,000ml
Urethra- passageway of the urine into the external environment
Internal urethral sphincter is an involuntary muscle, while the external urethral sphincter is a voluntary muscle
Female: 1 ½ to 2 ½ inches in length (the shorter urethra among females increase their susceptibility to urinary tract infection)
Male: 5 ½ to 6 ½ or up to 8 inches in length
Micturition- the act of expelling urine from the bladder (also urination or voiding)
Parasympathetic nervous system initiates voiding
Sympathetic nervous system inhibits voiding
Normal Characteristics of the Urine:
Color: amber/straw
Odor: aromatic upon voiding
Transparency: clear
pH: slightly acidic (range 4.6 to 8; average of 6)
Specific gravity (ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water): 1.010-1.025
Factors Affecting Voiding:
Growth and Development:
Fetus: excrete urine between 11th and 12th week of development
Infant: ability to concentrate urine is minimal; therefore, urine appears light yellow
Children: full urinary control is not gained until age 4 or 5 years; daytime control is usually achieved by age 2 years
Adults: kidneys reach maximum size between 35 and 40 years of age
After age 50, the kidneys begin to diminish in size and function
Elderly adults: renal blood flow decreases because of vascular changes and a decrease in cardiac output
Residual urine may increase due to diminished bladder muscle tone and contractibility, which increases the risk of bacterial growth and infection and increases voiding frequency
Psychosocial conditions: privacy, normal position, sufficient time, and occasionally running water
Fluid and food intake:
Fluids that contain caffeine (eg coffee, tea and cola drinks) increase urine production
Foods high in fluid content (eg lettuce, milk and cooked cereals) also increase fluid output
Food and fluids high in sodium can cause fluid retention.
Foods containing carotene can cause urine to appear yellower than usual
Diuretics (eg furosemide), which are commonly taken for HPN and cardiac disease, increase urine formation.
Muscle tone and activity:
People who exercise regularly will like have good muscle tone, increased body metabolism, and good urine production.
Poor muscle tone can lead to impaired bladder muscle contraction and poor urination control.
Presence of an indwelling catheter can lead to poor bladder muscle tone; the bladder does not fill and stretch; and external sphincter does not completely close--- thus when the catheter is removed, client may have difficulty in regaining urinary control.
Pathologic conditions:
Diabetes insipidus increase urine formation
Diseases that impair blood flow to the kidneys (eg atherosclerosis—plaque builds up on the inside of arteries) can decrease urine formation
Altered Urine Production:
Polyuria/ dieresis- production of excessive of urine such as 100ml/hr or 2500ml/day (maybe due to excessive fluid intake, ingestion of substances containing caffeine and alcohol, or deficiency of ADH)
Oliguria- production of decreased amount of urine such as less than 30ml/hr or less than 500 ml/24 hours (may sometime accompany fever and heavy perspiration—because excessive fluid is lost via the skin, urine production may also decrease)
Anuria- the absence of production of urine by kidneys such as a 0-10ml/hr or less than 100ml/day.
Altered Urinary Elimination:
Frequency- voiding at frequent intervals
Maybe due to increased fluid intake, cystitis (inflammation of the bladder), stress, or pressure on the bladder (because of pregnancy for example)
Nocturia- increased frequency at night
Not a result of increased fluid intake
Can occur if kidneys cannot concentrate urine normally or having a different 'body clock', which causes a normal daytime urination pattern to occur at night.
Urgency- the strong feeling that the person wants to void.
May accompany psychologic stress
Common in young children who have poor external sphincter urine control
Dysuria- voiding that is painful or difficult
Due to the irritation of the urethra
Enuresis- repeated involuntary urination in children beyond 4-5 years of age.
Voluntary bowel control is normally acquired by 4-5 years of age
Total incontinence- continuous and unpredictable loss of urine
Constant flow of urine at unpredictable times or uninhibited bladder contractions/spasms
Functional incontinence- the involuntary unpredictable passage of urine
Urge to void or bladder contractions sufficiently strong to result in loss of urine before reaching an appropriate receptacle
Stress incontinence- leakage of less than 50 ml of urine as a result of sudden increase in the intra-abdominal pressure eg when one coughs, sneezes, laughs or exerts physically
Urge incontinence- follows a sudden strong desire to urinate and leads to involuntary detrusor contraction
Retention- accumulation of urine in the bladder with associated inability of the bladder to empty itself
250-450 ml of urine in the bladder triggers micturition reflexes
Clinical signs of urinary retention:
Discomfort in the pubic area
Bladder distention
Smooth, firm, ovoid (shape like an egg) mass at the suprapubic area
Inability to void or frequent voiding of small volumes 25-50 ml at a time
Increasing restlessness and feeling of need to void.
Pelvic Muscle Exercise (Kegels):
Helps strengthen pelvic floor muscles and can reduce or eliminate episodes of incontinence.
Done as if by stopping urination midstream or by tightening the anal sphincteras if to hold a bowel movement.
Sit or lie in a comfortable position.
Contract your pelvic muscles whereby you pull your rectum, urethra and vagina up inside, and hold for 3 to 5 seconds. Then relax the same muscles for a count of 3 to 5 seconds.
Initially perform each contraction 10 times, three times daily. Gradually increase the count to a full 10 seconds for both contraction and relaxation.
To control stress incontinence, perform this when initiating any activity that increases intra-abdominal pressure, such as coughing, laughing, sneezing, or lifting.
Maintaining skin integrity:
Skin that is continuously moist becomes macerated (softened).
Urine that accumulates on the skin is converted in to ammonia, which is very irritating to the skin.
Incontinence requires meticulous skin care.
Wash client’s perineal area with mild soap and water. Rinse thoroughly. Dry gently. Provide clean, dry clothing or bed linen.
Managing Urinary Retention:
Clients who have flaccid bladder (weak, soft and lax bladder muscles) may use manual pressure on the bladder to promote bladder emptying.
This is known as Crede’s , maneuver or Crede’s method.—not advised without a physician’s order.
Nursing interventions to induce voiding:
Provide privacy. This is the most effective measure to induce voiding.
Provide fluids to drink.
Assist the patient in anatomical position of voiding; male—standing; female—squatting or slightly leaning forward
Allow the patient to listen to sound of running water
Dangle fingers in warm water.
Pour warm water over the perineum
Promote relaxation
Provide adequate time for voiding
Last resort- urinary catheterization—one of the most common cause of nosocomial infection
Measuring urinary output:
Wear clean gloves to prevent contact with microorganism.
Ask client to void in a clean urinal, bedpan, or commode.
Instruct client to keep urine separate from feces
Pour the voided urine in a calibrated container
Hold the container at eye level and read the amount on the container.
Calculate and document total output at the end of each shift and at the end of 25 hours on the client’s chart.
Measuring urinary output from a client with urinary catheter:
Put on clean gloves.
Take the calibrated container to the bedside.
Place container under the urine collection bag so that the spout of bag is above the container but not touching it. The calibrated container is not sterile, but the inside of the collection bad is sterile.
Open the spout and permit urine to flow to the container.
Close the spout. Document.
Measuring residual urine:
Residual urine- urine remaining in the bladder following the voiding is normally 50 to 100ml
Urinary stasis and urinary tract infection are possible consequences of incomplete bladder emptying.
To measure the residual urine, the nurse catheterizes the patient per doctor’s order.
Urinary Catheterization:
Introduction of catheter into the urinary bladder.
Single catheterization: straight catheter
Retention catheter: two-way Foley catheter
Continuous bladder irrigation (Cystoclysis: 3-way Foley catheter)
Purposes of urinary Catheterization:
Relieve bladder distention
Instill medications into the bladder
Irrigate the bladder
Measure hourly urine output accurately
Collect urine specimen
Measure residual urine
Maintain continence among incontinent clients
Promote healing of the genito-urinary structures post-operatively
Empty the bladder in preparation for diagnostic procedure and surgery
Nursing Interventions in urinary Catheterization:
Verify doctor’s order and identify client
Explain procedure and purpose to client
Provide privacy. Invasive procedures cause feelings of embarrassment
Promote relaxation to relax urethral sphincter
Practice strict asepsis to prevent ascending UTI
Do perineal care before the procedure. To minimize microorganisms at the external genitals.
Use appropriate size of catheter. To prevent trauma to the mucous membrane:
Male: Fr 16-18
Female: Fr 12-14
Have adequate lighting. To visualize urethral meatus properly.
Position of the patient during urinary catheterization:
Male: supine, legs adbducted and extended
Female: dorsal recumbent
Don sterile gloves. Inflate the balloon of the catheter with air to check that it is intact and deflate.
Locate urinary meatus properly.
Male: at the tip of the glans penis
Female: between clitoris and the vaginal orifice
Cleanse urinary meatus with antiseptic solution using downward stroke.
Lubricate catheter with water-soluble lubricant before insertion, to reduce friction and to prevent trauma.
Insert catheter gently, in rotating motion. Instruct the client to take slow deep breaths to relax sphincter, or strain as if attempting to void to open urinary meatus.
Length of catheter insertion:
Male: 6-9 inches
Female: 3-4 inches
During insertion of the catheter in male, hold the penis at 90 degrees angle or perpendicular to the body. This is to straighten the urethra and facilitate catheter insertion.
If the purpose of catheterization is to relieve bladder distention, practice gradual decompression to prevent shock, hemorrhage or bladder atony. Gradual decompression maybe done by the following actions:
Empty the bladder slowly by pinching the catheter to reduce the size of the lumen.
Elevate urine receptacle at the level of symphysis pubis to slow down expulsion of urine.
Do not remove more than 1,000 ml of urine at a time.
For retention catheterization, inflate the balloon with 5 ml sterile NSS
Gwently pull on the catheter. If resistance is felt, the catheter balloon is properly inflated in the bladder.
Anchor catheter properly.
Male: laterally or upward over the lower abdomen tp prevent penoscrotal pressure
Female: inner aspect of the thigh
Attach drainage bag to the bed frame ensuring that tubing does not fall into dependent loops. Dependent loops fill with urine and can prevent free drainage of urine.
Keep client comfortable
Do after care of the equipments and articles.
Make relevant documentation.
Nursing Interventions for clients with retention catheter:
Practice asepsis. Proper handwashing should be done before and after manipulating the device eg emptying the urinary drainage bag. To prevent infection.
Increase fluid intake to enhance excretion of microorganisms.
Acidify the urine (diet: meat, fish, eggs and cereals). Acidic urine prevent proliferation of microorganisms.
Maintain closed drainage system. Do not detach catheter from the connecting tubing, unnecessarily.
Meticulous perineal care. To prevent ascending UTI.
Ensure patency of urinary catheter. Avoid kinks.
Ensure that gravity drainage of urine is maintained. Hold the urinary drainage bag below the level of the bladder when ambulating.
Monitor I and O.
Change urinary catheter, tubing and urinary bag when sediment accumulates, if leakage is present or if a strong odor is evident.
Nursing Interventions for Clients with Urinary Incontinence:
Bladder retraining program. Determine the client’s voiding pattern or establish a regular voiding time eg every 1-2 hours during the day and evening before retiring at night; every 4 hours at night
Lengthen the intervals of voiding once the client’s voiding can be controlled.
Regulate the fluid intake, particularly before the client retires. To prevent nocturia.
Avoid large amounts of fruit juices and carbonated beverages. Fruit juices produce alkaline urine which enhances proliferation of microorganisms. Carbonated beverages irritate the bladder wall.
Avoid stimulants at bedtime.
Schedule diuretics in the morning. To prevent nocturia.
Adequate fluid intake in the morning. To produce adequate urine and to prevent UTI.
Kegel’s exercise. This is done by alternate tension and relaxation of the pubococcygeal muscles. It helps regain control of voiding.
Removal of indwelling catheter:
Check doctor’s order.
Wash hands. Remove the tape that has secured the catheter to the client’s body.
Don clean disposable gloves. Handwashing and use of gloves prevent transfer of microorganisms.
Insert hub of the syringe into balloon inflation port and draw out all liquid (NSS). The balloon must be completely deflated to prevent trauma to the urethra as the catheter is removed.
Instruct the client to inhale, and then pinch and remove the catheter slowly and carefully as the client exhales. Breathing provides distraction and exhalation prevent tightening of abdominal and perineal muscles as catheter is withdrawn. Pinching the catheter prevents urine from dribbling onto the bed linens.
After removal of the catheter, allow the urine to drain into collection bag. Measure and record amount of urine.
Assess client’s perineum and meatus for any signs of redness or irritation.
Assist client to do perineal care and dry genitals. To ensure client comfort.
Discard contaminated equipments and articles in appropriate container. To prevent contamination of the environment.
Make relevant documentation.
Voiding should be expected within 6 to 8 hours from the time of removal of catheter. Some dribbling of uirne maybe experienced.
Continue to assess I and O.
If client has not voided in 8 hours, assess for urinary retention.
If client has difficulty establishing voluntary control of voiding, notify the physician. It maybe necessary to reinsert the catheter.
Four Basic Elements of Normal Movement:
Body alignment (posture)
Joint mobility
Coordinated movement
Body Alignment/Posture:
Brings body parts into position that promotes optimal balance and body function
Joint Mobility
ROM is maximum movement possible for joint
ROM varies and determined by:
Genetic makeup
Developmental patterns
Presence or absence of disease
Physical activity
Smooth, purposeful movement
Result of proper functioning of:
Cerebral cortex
Initiates voluntary movement
Coordinates motor activity
Basal ganglia
Maintains posture
Coordinated Movement
Complex mechanisms
Awareness of posture, movement, changes in equilibrium
Knowledge of position, weight, resistance of objects in relation to body
Isotonic (Dynamic) Exercise
Muscle shortens to produce muscle contraction and active movement
Increase muscle tone, mass, and strength
Maintain joint flexibility and circulation
HR and CO quicken increase
Isometric (Static or Setting) Exercise
Muscle contraction without moving the joint (muscle length does not change)
Involve exerting pressure against a solid object
Produce a mild increase in HR and CO
No apparent increase in blood flow to other parts of the body
Isokinetic (Resistive) Exercise
Muscle contraction or tension against resistance
Can either be isotonic or isometric
Person moves (isotonic) or tenses (isometric) against resistance
An increase in blood pressure and blood flow to muscles occurs
Aerobic Exercise
Activity during which the amount of oxygen taken in the body is greater than that used to perform the activity
Improve cardiovascular conditioning and physical fitness
Anaerobic Exercise
Activity in which the muscles cannot draw enough oxygen from the bloodstream
Anaerobic pathways are used to provide additional energy for a short time
Used in endurance training for athletes
Effect on Musculoskeletal System
Maintain size, shape, tone, and strength of muscles (including the heart muscle)
Nourish joints
Increase joint flexibility, stability, and ROM
Maintain bone density and strength
Disuse osteoporosis
Disuse atrophy
Contractures (shortening of muscles)
Stiffness and pain in the joints
Effects on the Cardiovascular System
Mediates harmful effects of stress
Diminished cardiac reserve (The work that the heart is able to perform beyond that required of it under ordinary circumstances)
Increased use of the Valsalva maneuver
Orthostatic hypotension (abnormal decrease in blood pressure when a person stands up)
Venous vasodilation and stasis
Dependent edema
Effect on the Respiratory System
Increase ventilation and oxygen intake improving gas exchange
Prevents pooling of secretions in the bronchi and bronchioles
Decreased respiratory movement
Pooling of respiratory secretions
Atelectasis (collapse of lunds)
Hypostatic pneumonia (a type seen in the weak or elderly, due to excessive lying on the back.)
Effects on the Metabolic/Endocrine System
Elevates the metabolic rate
Decreases serum triglycerides and cholesterol
Stabilizes blood sugar and make cells more responsive to insulin
Decreased metabolic rate
Negative nitrogen balance
Negative calcium balance
**nitrogen balance-- the relationship between the amount of nitrogen taken into the body, usually as food, and that excreted from the body in urine and feces. Most of the body's nitrogen is incorporated into protein. Positive nitrogen balance, which occurs when the intake of nitrogen is greater than its excretion, implies tissue formation and growth. Negative nitrogen balance, which occurs when more nitrogen is excreted than is taken in, indicates wasting or destruction of tissue
Effects on the GI System
Improves the appetite
Increases GI tract tone
Facilitates peristalsis
Effect on the Urinary System
Promotes blood flow to the kidneys causing body wastes to be excreted more effectively
Prevents stasis (stagnation) of urine in the bladder
Urinary stasis
Renal calculi
Urinary retention
Urinary infection
Effect on the Immune System
Pumps lymph fluid from tissues into lymph capillaries and vessels
Increases circulation through lymph nodes
Strenuous exercise may reduce immune function
Leaving window of opportunity for infection during recovery phase
Effect on the Psychoneurologic System
Elevates mood
Relieves stress and anxiety
Improves quality of sleep for most individuals
Decline in mood elevating substances
Perception of time intervals deteriorates
Problem-solving and decision-making abilities may deteriorate
Loss of control over events can cause anxiety
Effect on Cognitive Function
Positive effects on decision-making and problem solving processes, planning, and paying attention
Induces cells in the brain to strengthen and build neuronal connections
Other Effects of Exercise and Immobility
Evidence that certain types of exercise increase spiritual health
Immobility causes reduced skin turgor and skin breakdown
Body Mechanics- is the efficient, coordinated and safe use of the body to produce motion and maintain balance during the activity. Effective use of body mechanics prevents injury to self and clients.
Principles of Body Mechanics
Balance is maintained and muscle strain is avoided as long as the line of gravity passess through the base of support.
Start body movement with proper alignment
Stand as close as possible to the object to be moved
Avoid stretching, reaching and twisting
The wider the base of support and the lower the center of gravity, the greater the stability. Before moving objects, put your feet apart, flex the knees, hips and ankles.
When pulling an object, enlarge the base of support either by moving the rear leg back if facing the object or moving the front foot forward when facing away from the object
Objects that are close to the center of gravity are moved with least effort. Adjust the working are to waist level and keep the body close to the object.
The greater the preparatory isometric tensing or contraction of muscles before moving an object, the less the energy required to move it and the less the likelihood of musculoskeletal strain injury.
Before moving objects, contract your gluteal, abdominal, leg and arm muscles to prepare them for action.
The synchronized use of as many large muscle groups as possible during the activity, increases overall strength and prevents muscle fatigue and injury.
Face the direction of the movement to prevent twisting of the spine.
The closer the line of gravity to the center of the base of support, the greater its stability.
Pull an object toward self whenever possible rather than pushing it away.
The greater the friction against the surface beneath an object, the greater the force required to move an object. Provide a firm, smooth foundation before moving the client in bed.
Pulling creates less friction than pushing.
Use own body weight to counteract the weight of the client.
Obtain the assistance of other person or use mechanical device to move objects that are too heavy.
Moving an object along a level surface requires less energy than moving an object up an inclined surface or lifting it against the force of gravity.
Pull, push, or turn objects instead of lifting them
Of all the signs and symptoms of illness, PAIN is perhaps the most common form of discomfort.
People differ remarkably in their ability to tolerate pain.
Ability to withstand pain varies according to mood, personality, and circumstances.
Pain Threshold- the amount of pain stimulation a person requires before feeling pain (also pain sensation)
Generally fairly uniform among people
Pain Tolerance- the maximum amount and duration of pain that an individual is willing to endure
Varies greatly among people
Pain perception- the actual feeling of pain
Hyperalgesia- excessive sensitivity to pain
Cutaneous or Superficial- occurs over the body surface or skin segment
Somatic- occurs in the skin, muscles or joints
Visceral- pain in the abdominal cavity and thorax
Referred- pain is perceived other than the site of injury
Intractable- resistant to cure or relief
Phantom- actual pain that is felt in a body part that is no longer present.
Radiating- felt at the source and extends to surrounding tissues.
Psychogenic- primarily due to emotional factors.
Intermittent- stops and starts again.
Acute- lasts for less than 6 months
Chronic- lasts for more than 6 months
Whatever description the client gives, accept it as it is!
Use scale of 0-10
1-3 mild pain
4-6 moderate pain
7-10 severe pain
Applying the Nursing Process
Obtain the pain history (P,Q,R,S,T)
P - Provocation / Palliation
what were you doing when the pain started? What caused it? What makes it better? worse? What seems to trigger it? Stress? Position? Certain activities? Arguments? Does it seem to be getting better, or getting worse, or does it remain the same? What relieves it: changing diet? changing position? taking medications? being active? resting? What makes (the problem) worse?
Q – Quantity/ Quality
What does it feel like? Is it sharp? Dull? Stabbing? Burning? Crushing? throbbing? nauseating? shooting? twisting? stretching? Other? (The person who is suffering the pain should describe the pain, rather than saying what they think you would like to hear.) How does it feel, look or sound? How much of it is there?
R - Region / Radiation
Where is the pain located? Does the pain radiate (i.e. spread to another location, eg. pain source is from thumb but pain spreads to elbow)? Where does it radiate? Is it all in one place? Does it go anywhere else? Did it start elsewhere and now localised to one spot? Does it feel like it travels/moves around?
S - Severity Scale
How severe is the pain on a scale of 0 - 10, zero being no pain at all and 10 being the worst pain ever? Does it interfere with activities? How bad is it when it's at its worst? Does it force you to sit down, lie down, slow down? How long does an episode last?
Pain Scale
Wong/Baker Faces Rating Scales
T - Timing
When did the pain start, at what time? How long did it last? How often does it occur? Is it sudden or gradual? What were you doing when you first experienced or noticed it? How often do you experience it: hourly? daily? weekly? monthly? When do you usually experience it: daytime? night? in the early morning? Are you ever awakened by it? Does it lead to anything else? Is it accompanied by other signs and symptoms? Does it ever occur before, during or after meals? Does it occur seasonally?
For infants and preschoolers, assess nonverbal cues
Rest and Sleep
rest – condition in which the body is in a decreased state of activity, with the consequent feeling of being refreshed
sleep – state of rest accompanied by altered consciousness and relative inactivity
- complex rhythmic state involving progression of repeated cycles, each a different phase of body and brain activity
- sleep loss that results in fatigue and decreased competence may be a contributing factor in accidents
- discomfort produced by illness and need for hospitalization and treatment my interfere dramatically with a patient’s ability to sleep | http://www.slideshare.net/bheb1283/fundamentals-of-nursing | dclm-gs1-467545528 | false | true | {
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0.029299 | <urn:uuid:d5fa989a-33b3-4d54-a5e8-effc7ae7271f> | en | 0.934085 | Tel: 0845 838 0936
Exterminate 5 – Google Search Queries That Prove Mankind Is beyond Salvation
by Chris Fielden on May 31, 2013
Google: the brand name might sound familiar. For anyone who has spent the last decade shipwrecked or in a coma, Google is an innovative internet search tool that enables the populace of the planet easy access to documentation on all conceivable subject matters.
Google is the Aston Martin DB5 of search engines. It should be cherished, respected and driven carefully. Sadly, Google is a DB5 that’s owned by everyone on Earth. Everyone gets to drive it. As fast as they like. For free.
When certain individuals (AKA most people) don’t have to deal with the insurance claim resulting from driving a DB5 a tad too quickly into a tight bend, certain individuals might be tempted to exceed the speed limit, just to see what will happen.
This is the mentality I’ve chosen to study with the Exterminate blog series.
The History of the Exterminate Investigations to Date
My interest in the strange suggestions search engines will return when they attempt to predict what you might be searching for started when I was presented with these Google search queries:
Allow your eyes to digest the fourth result.
Sweet Jesus.
The situation becomes worse when we remind ourselves that these predictions are based on the most popular search queries related to the words you are typing; the search results other people have searched for the most.
The Orangutan Prostitute query was impossible to ignore. It’s why I felt compelled to start my Exterminate investigations. While this particular query turned out to be people searching for a spoof video, I discovered many other disturbing search habits that were not spoofs. You can study the history of my research to date in 4 previous posts:
1. Exterminate 1
2. Exterminate 2
3. Exterminate 3
4. Exterminate 4
Like Die Hard 5: A Good Day to Die Hard, I didn’t think Exterminate 5 would be necessary. Unlike, Die Hard 5: A Good Day to Die Hard, it turns out I was wrong.
The Questions Humans Expect Google to Answer
Exterminate 4 looked at statements people place into Google. Statements like:
Like an aging rock band, Exterminate 5 returns to its roots. It looks at questions. Questions people ask of Google when researching things that interest them. Things that impact their lives. I have picked two questions in this instance:
1. Why am I…?
2. Why do I…?
I have then followed those questions with each letter of the alphabet. Below are the results I was presented with.
Why am I?
Why do I?
It’s not often I find myself lost for words. What is there to say? One word springs to mind:
Image Source: Tom Margie on Flickr
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About the Author
Chris is Operations Director at Strategy Digital Towers and oversees many of our client’s creative projects. He has had humorous short stories published through various competitions and magazines both on and offline, hence some of his blog posts are of a fictional nature.
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0.288903 | <urn:uuid:46edbae1-38e9-48f6-8aff-1e9fe280a635> | en | 0.939391 | Crysis developer releases free-to-play FPS browser game Warface
By Justin Kahn
Oct 22, 2013
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1. Crytek is well known for its graphically impressive and visually stunning games on PC and console, but now the developer is taking its expertise down another path, browser games.
Read more
2. dunebeetle
dunebeetle TS Rookie Posts: 16
Why do developers keep wasting money on games that we've already played before?
3. davislane1
davislane1 TS Evangelist Posts: 1,399 +540
Can't seem to get it to work in Chrome. No matter what I try, it keeps asking for the extension (which is already installed).
4. EEatGDL
EEatGDL TS Booster Posts: 278 +48
Finally!! Me and other friend have been in the BETA for months just imagining what it would be to play it with the rest of our friends. Co-op is challenging and well accomplished, teamwork in versus is very important and with the given and unlockable weapons is enough to be balanced.
Graphically is not that demanding, I'm sure any decent DX 9 capable PC can play it just fine. Depending on the co-op mission of the day, even in normal difficulty it may be impossible.
5. davislane1
davislane1 TS Evangelist Posts: 1,399 +540
Because people keep buying/playing them.
6. JC713
JC713 TS Evangelist Posts: 7,018 +912
I played this game in the Alpha and beta, it sucked.
7. cliffordcooley
cliffordcooley TechSpot Paladin Posts: 6,090 +1,519
Because it takes less effort to optimize a preexisting game, than it does to create a new one. And making it browser based might entice a new audience, that has never played the game. Short answer is more money for less effort.
8. seanp789
seanp789 TS Enthusiast Posts: 113
I played a couple rounds of coop and it was pretty boring. Graphics are ok but the game feels like something you would play on your ipad not your pc.
9. St1ckM4n
St1ckM4n TS Evangelist Posts: 3,473 +622
Wow, this kinda 3D game can run inside a browser? That's what I'm most impressed about. :D
10. FPS developers should hire me give them ideas on new stuff. Seems they hired all the technical people but forgot to hire the creative ones.
11. cliffordcooley
cliffordcooley TechSpot Paladin Posts: 6,090 +1,519
It is funny how everyone thinks this, but then when given the opportunity what happens? They become the very ones they were talking about.
12. super204
super204 TS Rookie
This case was packed so nice and while a little awkward to slide cover in, it is beautiful once hanging. Great value for the price.
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0.03464 | <urn:uuid:44e41598-692d-4406-93fc-cf73c552fbf1> | en | 0.966946 | Our Eyes Have Adjusted ...
Hundreds of messages and photos have arrived, in response to two previous items (one, two) about the transformation in the physical types Americans have gotten used to seeing in daily life. I will start with these two.
First, a reader who was raised in America but now lives in Australia (and has changed citizenship) sends this image from a record jacket. It's a scene from pre-WW II America:
An image from the Library of Congress, 'Race, 4th of July, 1941, Vale, Oregon' (the last stop on the Oregon Trail). Note uniformity of physiques of children.
The people in this photo, if they're still alive, would now be in their 80s. Apart from the racial diversity, I wonder how photos of their grandchildrens' (or great-grandchildrens') school races would compare.
For what it's worth, Australia has its version of the same problem. The urban(e) young population of Sydney tends to be super-fit; Australians as a whole are getting very heavy.
2) A reader who is very familiar with Hawaii sends this cautionary tale:
In my youth [Baby Boomer era], poor people were skinny because they couldn't afford enough to eat. That's part of how we recognized them. Not so today. If you see a skinny poor person today, you may think - as I initially do, fairly or not - that drugs are the explanation, not hunger... Obesity has become a matter of economic class - but with rich and poor having switched positions at the over-weight vs. under-weight poles.
A book published in 1971, by a Japanese-American living in Hawaii, tries to explain why Japanese-Americans have done so much better fitting in (and even dominating) Hawaiian society than on the Mainland. One of his arguments is that Japanese people tend to have body types that approximate the Hawaiian ideal - which he illustrates, with a slender muscular man and a curvaceous but by no means Rubenesque beauty. This was in 1971!
Today it is an article of faith that Native Hawaiians are just naturally "heavy." [JF note: the same assumption obviously is now made for Pacific Islanders as a whole.] This always amazes me. The traditional Hawaiian queens were heavy, because they were not allowed to walk and they were fed all day. But apart from that one exception, every Captain Cook-era engraving, every 19th Century photograph, and every 20th Century photograph up until the 1980s or even the 1990s shows the Hawaiians as slender, well-built people. Obesity in Hawaii is an overnight phenomenon, something that has occurred within a few decades - surely someone has written about it; it is just so appalling that the mythology can so quickly spring up and condition people to believing the opposite.
As it happens, I know the book being referred to here. It is Jan Ken Po, by Dennis Ogawa. And the reader's recollection of an image in that book from 40-plus years ago is correct. Here is how the "local image of what is beautiful" -- with the "slender, muscular man and the curvaceous but by no means Rubenesque beauty" -- was conveyed at that time. (Via a photo I took of a page in the book just now.)
More in the queue.
Presented by
The Blacksmith: A Short Film About Art Forged From Metal
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0.024248 | <urn:uuid:c34cfbc8-bbc5-4004-a364-005f9a98f34c> | en | 0.958183 | Why the Press Loves Jon Huntsman but Ignores Ron Paul
The media is fascinated by protest candidates who critique their own parties, but it marginalizes those who attack the establishment
huntsman full with fam.jpg
Jon Huntsman won't win the GOP nomination, or so pundits assure us. But he is getting press attention anyway because he decided to start telling his fellow Republicans truths that they don't want to hear. In quick succession, he trumpeted his belief in evolution, said climate change is caused by humans, and insisted that it was essential to raise the debt ceiling. Says James Fallows, "I'm relieved to see someone in the party trying to pull it back from the abyss." (Me too.) Andrew Sullivan goes even farther. "Huntsman has a prophetic role in this campaign if he chooses to adopt it: the truth-teller," he writes. "His chances are so slim, he loses nothing by speaking this candidly."
In a Vogue spread on the former Utah governor, Jacob Weisberg gives the fullest articulation of why so many journalists are covering a campaign that, by their own estimation, almost certainly won't succeed: "Huntsman looks like a protest candidate -- less a figure of the current Republican Zeitgeist than a canny challenger to his party's orthodoxy. But his lack of traction thus far doesn't feel exactly like failure," he writes. "Running from behind brings a freedom to speak one's mind, which can affect the political conversation for the better. Like Eugene McCarthy in 1968, Bruce Babbitt in 1988, and John McCain in 2000, Huntsman seems already to have become a media darling -- a thinking person's candidate whose candor shines a light on the evasions of his rivals, even if it fails to change the outcome of the race." Persuasive, no?
And refreshing, in a way. Rather than obsess over the horse race 15 months before a presidential election, broadcast, Web and print journalists are self-consciously covering a campaign for its substance, even speculating that doing so might have a positive effect on the national conversation. As much as I agree with Sullivan, Fallows, Weisberg, and all the other journalists praising Huntsman for challenging orthodoxies of thought in the GOP, however, I am struck by the very different standards that govern coverage of two other candidates, Ron Paul and Gary Johnson.
Neither Huntsman nor Johnson nor Paul is likely to win. All three are challenging orthodoxies of thought in their party. In doing so, all have an opportunity "to affect the political conversation for the better" and to "shine light on the evasions of his rivals, even if it fails to change the outcome of the race."
Here is the difference.
Huntsman is challenging orthodoxies of thought that afflict the GOP alone, and taking positions that reflect the conventional wisdom in the media: evolution is a fact, so is climate change, and the debt ceiling had to be raised. In contrast, Johnson and Paul are challenging orthodoxies of thought that are bi-partisan in nature and implicate much of the political and media establishment.
There is a strong case to be made that their libertarian voices are more vital. The debt ceiling was already raised. Embracing evolution has some political costs in a GOP primary, but matters very little when it comes to the vital policy questions that the next president is going to face. Huntsman nonetheless wins praise for those stances. For questioning America's aggressive, interventionist foreign policy and its failed War on Drugs, policies that are tremendously costly, consequential, and executed in ways that are immoral and demonstrably damaging to our civil liberties, Paul and Johnson aren't given points for speaking uncomfortable truths, shining light on evasions, or affecting the political conversation for the better.
They're ignored, and the excuse given is that they can't win.
In fact, lots of candidates who can't win have garnered more coverage -- Donald Trump, Herman Cain, and Newt Gingrich, for starters. But the Huntsman example shows most clearly how the political press unconsciously reinforces the establishment's orthodoxies of thought. Some "protest candidates" are lauded as truth-tellers virtuously speaking against their political interests, so long as they're critiques reinforce rather than undermine centrist-consensus positions.
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Riding Unicycles in a Cave
Carrot: A Pitch-Perfect Satire of Tech
An Ingenious 360-Degree Time-Lapse
Watch the world become a cartoonishly small playground
The Benefits of Living Alone on a Mountain
"You really have to love solitary time by yourself."
The Rise of the Cat Tattoo
How a Brooklyn tattoo artist popularized the "cattoo"
More in Politics
Just In | http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2011/08/why-the-press-loves-jon-huntsman-but-ignores-ron-paul/243910/ | dclm-gs1-468075528 | false | false | {
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0.047144 | <urn:uuid:b5f4709e-eeb9-4489-9ce9-f0f6ff65b23c> | en | 0.981844 | COVINGTON, KY—Expressing a deep sense of regret regarding his decision to take a chance on jalapeño, local 36-year-old Mike Willhite told reporters Wednesday that he now sees all too clearly his folly in straying from his beloved sour cream and onion potato chips. “Jeez, what was I thinking?” said a fiercely tormented Willhite, admitting that while the label’s tempting promise of “screamin’ southwestern flavor” seemed like an exciting departure from his customary fare, he never should have forsaken his loyalty to the smooth and savory flavor that, time and again, has faithfully sated him. “These ones aren’t as good. You just can’t go wrong with sour cream and onion.” Willhite stated that, though he made a grave and unforgivable error, he would bravely soldier forward, resigned to his fate, and eat all five servings contained in the bag in a single sitting. | http://www.theonion.com/articles/man-regrets-straying-from-sour-cream-and-onion-pot,36399/ | dclm-gs1-468225528 | false | false | {
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0.031785 | <urn:uuid:868c099d-2dd4-4d39-bdeb-54fa48655057> | en | 0.969998 | No Phone
I was born in 1982, so I'm in the strange position of remembering what it was like living with just a landline phone, and yet still being young enough to have transitioned smoothly into the use of smartphones. For most of my young adult life I was a poor student and could not justify owning even a basic mobile phone. When I was 22 I still only had a voicemail on my home phone and if I wasn't there - you just couldn't reach me.
I think about how my boss(es) would call me in on short notice because someone had gotten sick or quit on the spot and I was guilt-tripped into coming in to cover for them because I had accidentally answered. I lived a bit in fear of that ringing phone, but as long as I didn't pick it up during certain times of day then I was off the hook (no pun intended). I was obviously not contactable and I was only forced to listen through a message which I could ignore. I mean, I could be anywhere right? Who was to know why there was no answer. Certainly no one expected you to.
Think about that for a moment. In the late 90s and early 2000s even calls among friends were still a hopeful dial, not a sure thing. Probably like many of you, by 2003 I was slowly bullied into getting a cell simply because everyone claimed I was aloof and un-contactable, and workplaces began exclusively requiring you to have a pager, if not a work mobile. Today, I have joined the growing majority who rely on their smartphone alone, and use their landline only for a speedy internet connection.
Everyone knows that your phone is in your pocket or your purse, usually checked every half-hour when not at work, but I'd guess you've probably got your personal mobile sitting next to your keyboard during the day. Personal calls still ruffle office etiquette, but replying to personal texts is easily accepted. If we are called on a day off, a supervisor simply knows we are ignoring them (and may even draw conclusions about our lack of ambition and commitment) when calls go unanswered. If you put them off long enough, maybe even on vacation, that frustration turns to worry. Has there been an accident? Are you out of range? Does anyone have Jim or Jen's personal mobile - I mean... just to be sure they're ok?
When I consider the multitude of social nuances in this new constantly connected environment, I find I'm quite literally despondent and frustrated. I don't want to be concerned people in my life might take my radio silence personally. If there are two immediate replies exchanged between friends, they may be anticipating another quick response (unless maybe you've had a sudden stroke in the two minutes between our texts) and find themselves waiting expectantly for an answer. I know, it's happened to me as to the majority of you and it's a natural reaction based on previous mediums of communication, but it also happens exactly because we understand the dynamics of texting and use of smartphones. We can't mix and match old expectations to new technology. To begin with, it's going to become necessary to re-assess how we react to the perils of seemingly instant connection.
It's all too easy to come to absurd and unnecessary assumptions about the reasons for not hearing back from a friend or colleague (for matters of the heart multiply this effect at least ten-fold) These imagined slights can undermine all types of relationships. I surely wouldn't want it assumed for a second that I were specifically avoiding someone, becoming a shut-in, a flake or that I might even be upset due to the time I take to respond.
Occasionally we should be entitled to day(s) where we put our phone away, turned off, upstairs in a drawer. No phone. There was a time when this was possible without social or professional discomfort. Taking breaks and only checking your phone once or twice a day might also dial down the risk of other issues related to constant connection that are being considered, such as slipping into a dependence on the notification validation that it brings to our naturally fragile egos. The amazing potential in mobile technology should be working for us, not feeding neuroses and wasting our time or wreaking havoc on our relationships.
This is not to say that all the other aspects of the device haven't done huge favours for us, but the benefits are often from the apps; the maps, music, Kindle and of course, games. I also like the convenience of the camera, but I find I take much fewer photos than I used to as I started to get tired of seeing my life through the screen. After a deciding to explore Instagram, I also now feel distinctly ridiculous and vapid taking a "selfie" unless there is something significantly outstanding and unusual about my appearance or surroundings at that particular moment.
I know all about the 'emergency' argument for the use of mobiles, and checking our phones regularly during the day. It is frustrating when you need an answer, and you know you might be ignored, or the dreaded waiting-for-a-text-from-your-crush butterflies hinging on that next chirp or vibration. I'm willing to forgo that frustration for choosing to use the phone almost exclusively to organize IRL meetings with friends or actual phone calls. Hearing a voice, and at minimum, being able to gauge tone, whether they really want to hang out, how they're doing, and actually having a clear determination of where and when we intend to find each other.
I also have recently adopted a policy of not (well, almost never) discussing any emotionally loaded topic via text. There is too much margin for grievous error when it is simpler to let them know that depending on the urgency of the problem, you will talk to them when you see them, or to when they are free to take a phone call. It's tempting to fire off those quickly tapped replies, able to say things that seem so much easier to put into words than be forced to speak. But while might work once or twice, but when it goes bad - it's devastating, and one person is usually left in silence. I can almost guarantee you won't regret having the patience to wait to truly see, or at least hear, how you both feel.
Considering all of this, I go back to the beginning to note my place in time and feel deeply glad that I did not grow from a child into a teen during during the last fifteen years. It's well known that interconnected social media and smartphones are now often used to amplify and increase the ease of bullying, I can't begin to get my mind around that kind of hell. At least home after school used to be the last safe haven for those who suffered most. Likewise I'd hate to navigate the ambiguity of making your first tentative moves in the realm of young love by deciphering text shorthand ackronyms, 'x's, and instant photos. Multiplying the emotional intensity of puberty with an instant message system connected to your fingertips at the slip of a thumb to the "send" button just sounds like an equation for disaster.
At this point any kids I might have will probably be beyond my advice in those areas when they become teenagers. By that time perhaps we will be able to connect directly by sending a real-life emoticon, a whole physical sensation. Maybe that would help clear up all our communication problems entirely? I won't begin to think about that yet, but right now I do continue to feel very fortunate to be one of the last who will be able to talk about when we were really free, before the phones.
Not So Smart Phone - Psychology Today
Original Study on Effect of Social Media - ScienceNewsline
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0.049452 | <urn:uuid:66544ca8-e808-4653-816a-082a94c0a026> | en | 0.918463 | Cambodia Now:
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Introduction - Kampong Thom, Cambodia
Kampong Thom is Cambodia's second largest province by area. Its capital is named Kampong Thom, a picturesque town on the banks of the Stung Saen River.The Sambor temple and Prei Kuk temple are the two main temples in Kompong Thom as well as other less significant Angkorian sites. Kompong Thom was a very powerful capital in Southeast Asia during the Funan period. Later on, during the French rule, the province was home to a large group named the Stieng, but they have long been assimilated into Khmer society.Kampong Pos Thom was the original name of the present called Kampong Thom. Because originally long time ago, at the dock of the Sen River next to a big natural lake, there was a big cave with a pair of big snakes inside. The people living around this area usually saw these big snakes every Buddhist Holiday.
Time after that, the snakes disappeared, and the people of that area called it Kampong Pos Thom. Then, only short words Kampong Thom. During the French colony in Cambodia, the French ruled and divided Cambodian territory into provinces, and named them according to the spoken words of the people Kampong Thom Province.The provincial capital Kampong Thom is another bustling town on the banks of the Stung Sen River. The town itself is strategically located on the National Highway No 6 between Phnom Penh and Siem Reap. Its more a stopover to have a break from driving long distances or to eat something on the way to Siem Reap or Phnom Penh, than a very touristic place. Despite the town itself people come to explore the pre-Angkorian Chenla capital Sambor Prei Kuk, the remote temples of Preah Khan and Prasat Preah Vihear.
Tourist Attractions in Kampong Thom
Phnom Santuk (Santuk Mountain)
Phnom Santok is a cultural and natural site located in Ko Koh village, Ko Koh commune, Santuk district, about 17 kilometers south of Kampong Thom provincial town. details...
Prasat Andet Temple
Prasat Andet is located about 27 kilometers northwest of Provincial Town of Kampong Thom, in Prasat Village, Sankor Commune, Kampong Svay District, Kampong Thom details...
Prasat Kok Rokar (Preah Theat)
Prasat Kuhak Nokor
Prasat Kuhak Nokor is located in Trodork Poung Village, Pong Ror Commune, Baray District, Kampong Thom Province and is in the complex of Wat Kuhak Nokor (Buddhist details...
Preah Bat Chan Tuk or Buddha statue
Preah Bat Chan Tuk or Buddha Statue, Kampong Thom serves as major tourist attractions of Kampong Thom. The Preah Bat Chan Tuk or Buddha Statue, Kampong Thom is a details...
Prey Pros
The Prey Pros, Kampong Thom is a must visit for travelers planning to visit Kampong Thom Tourist Attractions. The place is filled with the numerous Tourist details...
Sambo Prey Kuk
Sambo Preykuk is a cultural and historical site located in Sambo village, Sambo commune, Prasat Sambo district, about 25 kilometers northeast of Kampong Thom details...
Wat Kampong Thom
Wat Kampong Thom, also known as Wat Indrisamavora, is located in Kdei village, Preykahu commune, Stung Sen district, about 1 kilometer from the provincial town. details...
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0.547469 | <urn:uuid:5678be04-64bf-4a9a-a09e-0a131b02ebb5> | en | 0.878663 | look up any word, like eiffel tower:
1. When you get slaughted online from a fucking noob.
2. When your a frag god and you get fucked up by a pack of noobs.
3. When you carry a Noobcannon or a NoobLauncher and are taken down with a pistol.
4. When you are playing so bad that you kill even yourself.
I was fucking outnoobed on all fronts
by Bud Wise May 21, 2004
See Outnoobed
To see the definition, go to Outnoobed
by Bud Wise May 15, 2004 | http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Outnoobed | dclm-gs1-468585528 | false | false | {
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0.06305 | <urn:uuid:a64390a7-76c7-4d9a-bd30-b45ed1f76e61> | en | 0.963495 | look up any word, like the eiffel tower:
The Queensbridge housing projects of Europe. Located in east walworth "the estates" is the biggest housing project in europe with 10,000 residents, it's not fun to live in, heat went off constantly, rats acted as if they payed rent in the house too, and there were huge holes in the walls. It's the most notorious estate in the UK (yes more notorious than angell town) and tony blair did his speech their once......not much changed.
The bill (cop show) filmed there ALOT i don't know if they still do, because of how it looked, but they are knocking it down soon and gentrifying, oh sorry i mean "regenerating" the area and it's gonna take about 15 years in all...... my old block is last to get knocked down, lots of basketball courts tho.
brixton dude:"where you from bruh? I'm straight from the hood! i'm from the streets son!"
Me: aylesbury estates fam.
Brixton dude: Oh i'm so sorry! are you ok? you must be starving! did you have to fight the rats to get out and visit us?
Me: yeah it was a hell of a fight fam, but i got a wicked jump shot now!
by aylesbury nigga January 30, 2009
Words related to aylesbury estate
aylesbury basketball estate uk walworth | http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=aylesbury%20estate | dclm-gs1-468595528 | false | false | {
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0.029369 | <urn:uuid:e1f4d37c-625f-4aa9-85be-721d35442465> | en | 0.97532 | Recent Stories
By Ed Payne and Katie Hunt CNN
Hong Kong protests: Can talks end stalemate?
Hong Kong Chief Executive C.Y. Leung says he will not step down
UPDATED 9:31 AM EDT Oct 21, 2014
Hong Kong talks
Hong Kong talks
Conflicting visions of how to bring about change marked the first meeting of pro-democracy protesters and Hong Kong government representatives Tuesday.
While Chief Secretary Carrie Lam, Hong Kong's second in command, called on the protesters, led by the Hong Kong Federation of Students, to work within the system, student leaders said they had no choice but to work outside it.
"We should work within the system and enhance the transparency and competitiveness of the system as a whole," Lam said. "This is a good opportunity and a meaningful dialogue. I hope the community will stay united."
Marking just over a month of pro-democracy demonstrations, Alex Chow, one of the student leaders, called for a timetable for political reform.
"Why did people come out?" he asked. "People felt like they had no choice. They had to come out and make their voices heard."
Lam assured the student leaders that they were listening.
"The voices of students have been heard by Hong Kong government, the people and even the central government," she said. "But no matter how lofty the sentiments, you must take legal means."
It was a message echoed by several members of the government panel. Hong Kong police at different times have cleared groups of pro-democracy demonstrators by force.
"Why are we willing to be arrested? Why are we willing to camp out for 24 days? Why are we willing to bear the risk of being tear gassed, smashed on the head with batons?" asked Lester Shum, Chow's deputy. "We just want the right for democracy."
Poles apart
Lam said the Hong Kong government would convey the views of the Occupy movement to Beijing by submitting a report to the Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office reflecting events in the city since August 31.
But Chow questioned what effect such a report would have.
"What concrete change will this report lead to?" he asked. "Would it help lead to adjustment of the framework or the future direction of legislative council elections?"
In her closing comments, Lam said a step-by-step approach could help Hong Kong move toward universal suffrage in 2017 and 2020.
She said she hoped the occupation of parts of the city would end soon, adding that "Hong Kong has been torn apart" by the protests.
"Relationships between people in Hong Kong are also becoming very strained. The current occupation has moved away from the initial occupation, which was inspired by love and peace," she said.
Five representatives from the Hong Kong Federation of Students, including Chow, the group's secretary general, and Shum, met Tuesday with Lam, Justice Secretary Rimsky Yuen and three other senior government officials or advisers.
All of the students were wearing "Freedom Now" T-shirts.
While the talks present the best chance for a peaceful resolution to the chaotic demonstrations that have convulsed the city and divided its 7 million residents, they are unlikely to yield major concessions, given that the government and protest leaders remain poles apart.
But this seems unlikely.
Beijing unlikely to budge
Hong Kong Chief Executive C.Y. Leung has said repeatedly that he will not step down -- a key demand of protesters.
Nor, Leung has said, is Beijing likely to budge on its proposal for electoral reform in the city and offer the kind of democracy protesters are seeking.
Even the moderator of the talks, Lingnan University President Leonard Cheng, warned not to expect too much.
"I'm not going to speculate at all about whether there will be a resolution," he said Monday, adding that this would not be the only round of talks.
The talks were broadcast live from the Hong Kong Academy of Medicine. Some residents said they would hold viewing parties, and the talks were live-streamed to crowds on big screens set up in some areas -- including Mong Kok, a busy commercial district that has seen some of the most violent confrontations between demonstrators, police and residents who oppose the protests.
Poor can't be trusted?
On Monday, Leung offered a controversial defense of Beijing's plan for elections in the financial capital, telling foreign media that an open nomination process would give the city's poorest residents greater influence over the political system.
"You have to take care of all the sectors in Hong Kong as much as you can," he said, according to The New York Times. "And if it's entirely a numbers game and numeric representation, then obviously you would be talking to half of the people in Hong Kong who earn less than $1,800 a month.
His comments are likely to rankle the protesters and their sympathizers, given Hong Kong's huge wealth gap and a widespread perception that the current system of government is stacked against ordinary citizens.
Wiggle room
One possible concession the government could make to immediately defuse tensions would be to reopen Civil Square, a fenced-off courtyard outside central government headquarters that students stormed at the end of September, triggering the unprecedented protests.
There is also still some possibility of give-and-take on electoral reform, such as allowing more Democrats on the nomination committee or by promising to introduce greater democracy in elections slated for 2022.
Currently, the chief executive is elected by a specially appointed 1,200-member election committee.
There are several protest groups, and it's not always clear who calls the shots or whether Hong Kong's young protesters will listen.
"I would want C.Y. to step down and for the government to show that they are sincere," protester Janice Tung told CNN.
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By Frank Pallotta
'Simpsons' go streaming: Al Jean talks new site
'Simpsons World' debuts Tuesday
UPDATED 9:27 AM EDT Oct 21, 2014
The Simpsons
The Simpsons
FOX Broadcasting
Almost every episode of "The Simpsons" (556 and counting!) has started with Springfield's favorite family running home to watch TV.
Now we don't even need a TV to watch.
On Tuesday, 21st Century Fox is debuting "Simpsons World," a website that lets fans stream every single one of those episodes. "The Simpsons," which in season No. 25 is the longest-running sitcom of all time, is embracing a mobile and on-demand world that was scarcely imagined when the show came onto the airwaves in 1989.
All that's needed is a subscription to a participating cable or satellite provider.
Fox's cable channel FXX bought the cable and online rights to past episodes of "The Simpsons" from Fox's studio division last year. The price tag was reported to be $750 million.
First FXX held a popular "Every Simpsons Ever" marathon in August. And now it's rolling out "Simpsons World," which will exist at and through FXX's app.
The new site will go beyond binge-viewing or cherry-picking of favorite episodes. It will also allow fans to interact with the show in multiple ways -- from cutting and sharing clips to getting behind the scenes information.
Ahead of the site's debut, we spoke to "Simpsons" executive producer and showrunner Al Jean about the new site, the marathon and a potential ending to the series.
So now, with "Simpsons World," will the show's famous couch gags have the Simpson family rushing home to watch shows on their computers and tablets?
I guess we'll do one. That's a good idea. (laughs)
It's so funny because, honest to god, this show predated Google. It kind of predated Word processing. The fact that now we're on this app where you can just access everything, cross-reference everything, it's boggling my mind.
Speaking of, the site goes live Tuesday.
Yeah, but we warned everybody it's not complete -- but I think it's very good. It will be updated and improved continually. It should be pretty final next year.
There are a lot of streaming TV sites now, so what makes "Simpsons World" stand out?
It offers, to my knowledge, much more than any other. Most sites will give you episodes of (a) show, and maybe some background, or additional material. This gives you everything.
The whole run of the show, the information from our various books and research that we've done. Every script page can be accessed.
When the app is fully complete there's going to be cross-referencing, so if you want to see every appearance of Moleman, you can do that. I don't think there's anything now that remotely approaches what this is going to do. I definitely think it's a window into the future.
What's your favorite aspect of the site?
It's two things. It's the ability to research. I mean, we already can do an amazing amount through YouTube or Google, but this will really be the ultimate for finding out about "The Simpsons." Then the ability to cut and paste clips I think is something. It's just so funny, we can be having a debate on did Homer strangle Bart when he was a baby? Now we can find the answer very quickly.
Also, it's a two-way experience. It gets feedback and input from the users and the whole point of it is to make this something people feel a part of.
Did you ever expect these older episodes would be shown in this type of format on-demand?
Nothing I would expect ever corresponds with what happens with "The Simpsons." I hoped it would run for five years back in the early 90s (laughs).
The fact that we're on 25 years later, we just did our 25th Halloween show, we had a movie, we just did a show at the Hollywood Bowl, we had a short that was nominated for an Oscar.
The show just seems to me to be on a huge ... I don't know if you'd call it a second wind? Fifth wind? Whatever. It's all amazing. Hollywood loves a comeback, especially for something that never vanished (laughs).
What does it mean to have such a popular and highly lucrative on-demand library after decades as a simply linear TV show?
Well, I can't really speak to the term "lucrative," because a lot of this has been a huge development with money they've poured into the website.
Also, when FXX aired the marathon, they had very few commercials because they wanted to really show everybody it was on FXX.
Of course, "The Simpsons" makes money and of course "The Simpsons" originated as something that was designed to be a business as well as entertaining, but a lot of it, I swear to god, is trying to give people what they want, trying to encourage the fan base.
FXX's "Every Simpsons Ever" marathon was very social with #EverySimpsonsEver all over Twitter. Did you feel it was the first social media event for "The Simpsons?"
Yeah, it was definitely the first time it really succeeded. If you tweet a scripted show you tend to do it with something like "Mad Men," which has revelations and hidden details which we generally don't. So, in that sense, yeah the marathon was the first thing.
I've been here 25 years, so it was literally like seeing my life flash before my eyes. It was amazing that people who hadn't worked here but just watched the show could have a similar feeling.
Since we've been looking back, let's instead look forward. Have you ever imagined an ending to the show?
Well, the first thing I should say is I think we're one of the highest-rated shows on the network, so it's not like there's an ending coming soon. (laughs)
However, there is an ending I've always had in mind, which was, I thought it would be cool if in the last episode they're getting ready to go to a Christmas pageant, and they go to the Christmas pageant that opens up the first episode, "Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire," so the entire series is a loop with no end.
That would be my way of concluding the run, but nobody has asked me for it yet.
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1 injured in Edgewood kitchen fire
Officials: Unattended cooking led to fire on Arum Court
Published 9:23 AM EDT Oct 21, 2014
An Edgewood man was injured early Tuesday morning during a house fire that was started when something that was cooking was left unattended, fire officials said.
Thirty firefighters from several companies were called to a two-story home in the 500 block of Arum Court shortly before 1 a.m.
It took crews about 10 minutes to put the kitchen fire out.
The state Fire Marshal's Office said a man inside the home was taken to the Bayview Burn Center for treatment of second-degree burns to his hands and feet.
Fire officials said smokes alarms in the home were working and that the blaze caused about $75,000 in damage.
The family in the home was displaced by the fire and is being helped by other family members.
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By Kathryn Vasel
Wealth is outpacing income -- and that's a scary sign
Ratio of wealth to income has hit recent record
UPDATED 9:20 AM EDT Oct 21, 2014
More household wealth in America sounds like good news, but it could also mean economic trouble.
The ratio of wealth to income has hit a recent record, according to Credit Suisse.
The last time it was this high was during the Great Depression. And it came close two other times: 1999, the year before the dotcom bubble burst, and leading up to 2007, before the housing market crash.
Wealth has skyrocketed, driven mainly by the soaring stock market, and that has mostly benefited the rich. Income for the average person, meanwhile, hasn't been growing much.
Credit Suisse analysts found that the ratio of wealth to income is 6.5. For more than 100 years, it has typically fallen between 4 and 5.
"This is a worrying signal given that abnormally high wealth income ratios have always signaled recession in the past," the Credit Suisse report said.
Wealth per adult in the U.S. has risen every year since 2008. In fact, average wealth is now 19 percent above the pre-crisis peak hit in 2006, the report stated. And $31.5 trillion household wealth has been added to the U.S. since 2008.
While experts said it's normal for wealth to outpace income, especially after a recession, it becomes a problem when it rises so fast that people feel overly optimistic about their wealth.
Tim Yeager, chair of the Arkansas Bankers Association, said when wealth inequality increases, the likelihood of asset bubbles also rises.
"Stock market and financial industry wealth are always moving around looking for the highest returns and makes bubbles more likely," he said. "When the stock market gets hot, more people pour in and that amplifies the creation of a pending bubble."
Russell Price, senior economist at Ameriprise, is hopeful the income side of the equation will balance out soon. "The pockets of slack in the labor market are evaporating and job growth is very encouraging -- both are needed to increase wages."
The fact that there's been three periods of high wealth to income ratios in 15 years has Yeager concerned. "These asset bubbles are becoming more frequent and that causes financial instability."
Federal Reserve Chair Janet Yellen said in a speech Friday the increasing inequality could dampen the economy. "It is no secret that the past few decades of widening inequality can be summed up as significant income and wealth gains for those at the very top and stagnant living standards for the majority," she said.
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Weather Ventures
Wild Photos of Freedivers 'Face to Face' with Sharks
By Nicole Bonaccorso
Christina and Eusebio Saenz de Santamaria have swam with many breeds of sharks, including Caribbean reef sharks. (
Show Thumbnails
Professional freedivers and photographers Christina and Eusebio Saenz de Santamaria intensified their sport in a rare way off of the island of Roatan in Honduras. The couple swam with more than 20 Caribbean reef sharks.
Caribbean reef sharks can grow to up to 10 feet in length, but Christina Saenz de Santamaria insists that she never once felt in danger while freediving on the appropriately named dive site, “Cara a Cara,” or “Face to Face.”
“Sharks are not the man-eaters that many would have us believe, however, they are animals that act on pure instinct alone, and it is very important that we respect that we have entered their environment and territory,” Saenz de Santamaria told
The two have more than 10 years of freediving experience and have swam with many different shark species worldwide, including bull sharks, black-tip and white-tip sharks, leopard sharks and oceanic white-tips. The Saenz de Santamarias are aware of sharks’ warning signs, such as an arched back, a lowered pectoral fin and rapid swimming patterns. If a shark displays any of these signs, the freedivers would promptly surface and leave the water.
The Saenz de Santamarias also seek information from local shark experts before a dive. They need to know local shark species and their behaviors.
As for their decision against using equipment, Saenz de Santamaria explained, “Scuba equipment can be cumbersome and noisy, which normally discourages underwater marine life from approaching closely and can even scare them away. While freediving, we are more free to move around--we are silent and more fish-like-- which means that marine life, such as sharks, approach us very closely and with more curiosity.”
Freediving has developed a negative reputation as a daredevil’s sport, especially since New York diver Nicholas Mevoli died late last year. However, the above photos create an air of peace and communion with nature.
“Sharks are beautiful and powerful creatures of the sea and it is a very cool experience to share the ocean with them,” Saenz de Santamaria said.
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The concept of a refugee was expanded by the Conventions’ 1967 Protocol and by regional conventions in Africa and Latin America to include persons who had fled war or other violence in their home country. A person who is seeking to be recognized as a refugee is an asylum seeker. In the United States a recognized asylum seeker is known as an asylee.
Refugee was defined as a legal group in response to the large numbers of people fleeing Eastern Europe following World War II. The lead international agency coordinating refugee protection is the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), which counted 8.4 million refugees worldwide at the beginning of 2006. This was the lowest number since 1980.[1] The major exception is the 4.3 million Palestinian refugees under the authority of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), who are the only group to be granted refugee status to the descendants of refugees according to the above definition.[2] The U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants gives the world total as 12,019,700 refugees and estimates there are over 34,000,000 displaced by war, including internally displaced persons, who remain within the same national borders. The majority of refugees who leave their country seek asylum in countries neighboring their country of nationality. The "durable solutions" to refugee populations, as defined by UNHCR and governments, are: voluntary repatriation to the country of origin; local integration into the country of asylum; and resettlement to a third country.[3]
Refugees arrive in Travnik, central Bosnia, during the war, 1993. Photo by Mikhail Evstafiev
As of December 31, 2005, the largest source countries of refugees are the Palestinian Territories, Afghanistan, Iraq, Myanmar, and Sudan. The country with the largest number of IDPs is Sudan, with over 5 million. According to UNHCR estimates, over 4.2 million Iraqis have been displaced since the US-led invasion of Iraq in 2003, with 2 million within the Iraq and 2.2 million in neighbouring countries.[4][5] At least 60,000 Iraqis are losing their homes and becoming refugees every month.[6] This has become the largest refugee crisis in the Middle East since the upheaval that greeted the creation of Israel nearly 60 years ago.[7] A May 25, 2007 article notes that in the past seven months only 69 people from Iraq have been granted refugee status in the United States.[8]
Refugees prior to World War II
See also: right of asylum and sanctuary
The concept of sanctuary, in the meaning that a person who fled into a holy place could not be harmed without inviting divine retribution, was understood by the ancient Greeks and ancient Egyptians. However, the right to seek asylum in a church or other holy place, was first codified in law by King Ethelbert of Kent in about 600 A.D. Similar laws were implemented throughout Europe in the Middle Ages. The related concept of political exile also has a long history: Ovid was sent to Tomis and Voltaire was exiled to England. Through the 1648 Peace of Westphalia, nations recognized each others' sovereignty. However, it was not until the advent of romantic nationalism in late eighteenth century Europe that nationalism became prevalent enough that the phrase "country of nationality" became meaningful and people crossing borders were required to provide identification.
The term "refugee" is sometimes applied to people who may have fit the definition, if the 1951 Convention was applied retroactively. There are many candidates. For example, after the Edict of Fontainebleau in 1685 outlawed Protestantism in France, hundreds of thousands of Huguenots fled to England, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Norway, Denmark and Prussia. Various groups of people were officially designated refugees beginning in World War I.
The first international coordination on refugee affairs was by the League of Nations' High Commission for Refugees. The Commission, led by Fridtjof Nansen, was set up in 1921 to assist the approximately 1,500,000 persons who fled the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the subsequent civil war (1917–1921), most of them aristocrats fleeing the Communist government. In 1923, the mandate of the Commission was expanded to include the more than one million Armenians who left Turkish Asia Minor in 1915 and 1923 due to a series of events now known as the Armenian Genocide. Over the next several years, the mandate was expanded to include Assyrians and Turkish refugees.[9] In all of these cases, a refugee was defined as a person in a group for which the League of Nations had approved a mandate, as opposed to a person to whom a general definition applied.
In 1930, the Nansen International Office for Refugees was established as a successor agency to the Commission. Its most notable achievement was the Nansen passport, a passport for refugees, for which it was awarded the 1938 Nobel Peace Prize. The Nansen Office was plagued by inadequate funding, rising numbers of refugees and the refusal by League members to let the Office assist their own citizens. Regardless, it managed to convince fourteen nations to sign the Refugee Convention of 1933, a weak human right instrument, and assist over one million refugees. The rise of Nazism led to such a severe rise in refugees from Germany that in 1933 the League created a High Commission for Refugees Coming from Germany. The mandate of this High Commission was subsequently expanded to include persons from Austria and Sudetenland. On 31 December 1938, both the Nansen Office and High Commission were dissolved and replaced by the Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees under the Protection of the League.[9] This coincided with the flight of several hundred thousand Spanish Republicans to France after their loss to the Nationalists in 1939 in the Spanish Civil War.
World War II and UNHCR
Polish civilians fleeing eastwards during the German invasion of Poland in 1939
The conflict and political instability during World War II led to massive amounts of forced migration. In 1943, the Allies created the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) to provide aid to areas liberated from Axis powers, including parts of Europe and China. This included returning over seven million refugees, then commonly referred to as displaced persons or DPs, to their country of origin and setting up displaced persons camps for one million refugees who refused to be repatriated.
After the defeat of Germany in World War II, the Potsdam Conference authorized the expulsion of German minorities from a number of European countries (including Soviet- and Polish-annexed pre-war East Germany), meaning that 12,000,000 ethnic Germans were displaced to the reallocated and divided territory of Allied-occupied Germany. Between the end of World War II and the erection of the Berlin Wall in 1961, more than 3,700,000 refugees from East Germany traveled to West Germany for asylum from the Soviet occupation.
Also, millions of former Russian citizens were forcefully repatriated (against their will) into the USSR.[10] On 11 February 1945, at the conclusion of the Yalta Conference, the United States and United Kingdom signed a Repatriation Agreement with the USSR.[11] The interpretation of this Agreement resulted in the forcible repatriation of all Soviets regardless of their wishes. When the war ended in May 1945, British and U.S. civilian authorities ordered their military forces in Europe to deport to the Soviet Union millions of former residents of the USSR, including numerous persons who had left Russia and established different citizenship many years before. The forced repatriation operations took place from 1945-1947.[12]
At the end of the World War II, there were more than 5 million "displaced persons" from the Soviet Union in the Western Europe. About 3 million had been forced laborers (Ostarbeiters)[13] in Germany and occupied territories.[14][15] The Soviet POWs and the Vlasov men were put under the jurisdiction of SMERSH (Death to Spies). Of the 5.7 million Soviet prisoners of war captured by the Germans, 3.5 million had died while in German captivity by the end of the war.[16][17] The survivors on their return to the USSR were treated as traitors (see Order No. 270).[18][19] Over 1.5 million surviving Red Army soldiers imprisoned by the Germans were sent to the Gulag.[20][21]
Poland and Soviet Ukraine conducted population exchanges - Poles that resided east of the established Poland-Soviet border were deported to Poland (ca. 2,100,000 persons) and Ukrainians that resided west of the established Poland-Soviet Union border were deported to Soviet Ukraine. Population transfer to Soviet Ukraine occurred from September 1944 to April 1946 (ca. 450,000 persons). Some Ukrainians (ca. 200,000 persons) left southeast Poland more or less voluntarily (between 1944 and 1945).[22]
At the time, UNRRA was shut down in 1949 and its refugee tasks given to the International Refugee Organization (IRO).[23] The International Refugee Organization was a temporary organization of the United Nations (UN), which itself had been founded in 1945, with a mandate to largely finish the UNRRA's work of repatriating or resettling European refugees. It was dissolved in 1952 after resettling about one million refugees.[24] The definition of a refugee at this time was an individual with either a Nansen passport or a "Certificate of Eligibility" issued by the International Refugee Organization.
Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (established December 14, 1950) protects and supports refugees at the request of a government or the United Nations and assists in their return or resettlement. All refugees in the world are under the UNHCR mandate except Palestinian Arabs who fled the future Jewish state between 1947 and 1948 (see below). However, Palestinians who fled the Palestinian territories after 1948 (for example, during the 1967 six day war) are under the jurisdiction of the UNHCR.
UNHCR provides protection and assistance not only to refugees, but also to other categories of displaced or needy people. These include asylum seekers, refugees who have returned home but still need help in rebuilding their lives, local civilian communities directly affected by the movements of refugees, stateless people and so-called internally displaced people (IDPs). IDPs are civilians who have been forced to flee their homes, but who have not reached a neighboring country and therefore, unlike refugees, are not protected by international law and may find it hard to receive any form of assistance. As the nature of war has changed in the last few decades, with more and more internal conflicts replacing interstate wars, the number of IDPs has increased significantly to an estimated 23.7 million worldwide.
It succeeded the earlier International Refugee Organization and the even earlier United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (which itself succeeded the League of Nations' Commissions for Refugees).
Many celebrities are associated with the agency as UNHCR Goodwill Ambassadors, currently including Angelina Jolie, Giorgio Armani and others. The individual who has raised the most money in benefit performances and volunteer work on behalf of UNHCR is Luciano Pavarotti[1].
UNHCR's mandate has gradually been expanded to include protecting and providing humanitarian assistance to what it describes as other persons "of concern," including internally-displaced persons (IDPs) who would fit the legal definition of a refugee under the 1951 Refugee Convention and 1967 Protocol, the 1969 Organization for African Unity Convention, or some other treaty if they left their country, but who presently remain in their country of origin. UNHCR thus has missions in Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Serbia and Montenegro and Côte d'Ivoire to assist and provide services to IDPs.
As of January 1, 2006 there are 20,751,900 refugees in the world. Asia - 8,603,600 Africa - 5,169,300 Europe - 3,666,700 Latin America and Caribbean - 2,513,000 North America - 716,800 Oceania - 82,500
Asylum seekers
Power lines leading to a rubbish dump hover just overhead in El Carpio, a Nicaraguan refugee camp in Costa Rica
Refugees are a subgroup of the broader category of displaced persons. Environmental refugees (people displaced because of environmental problems such as drought) are not included in the definition of "refugee" under international law, as well as internally displaced people. According to international refugee law, a refugee is someone who seeks refuge in a foreign country because of war and violence, or out of fear of persecution "on account of race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group" (to use the terminology from U.S. law).
Until a request for refuge has been accepted, the person is referred to as an asylum seeker. Only after the recognition of the asylum seeker's protection needs, he or she is officially referred to as a refugee and enjoys refugee status, which carries certain rights and obligations according to the legislation of the receiving country.
The practical determination of whether a person is a refugee or not is most often left to certain government agencies within the host country. This can lead to abuse in a country with a very restrictive official immigration policy; for example, that the country will neither recognize the refugee status of the asylum seekers nor see them as legitimate migrants and treat them as illegal aliens.
On the other hand, fraudulent requests in an environment of lax enforcement could lead to improper classification as refugee, resulting in the diversion of resources from those with a genuine need. The percentage of asylum/refugee seekers who do not meet the international standards of special-needs refugee, and for whom resettlement is deemed proper, varies from country to country. Failed asylum applicants are most often deported, sometimes after imprisonment or detention, as in the United Kingdom.
A claim for asylum may also be made onshore, usually after making an unauthorized arrival. Some governments are relatively tolerant and accepting of onshore asylum claims; other governments will not only refuse such claims, but may actually arrest or detain those who attempt to seek asylum.
Non-governmental organizations concerned with refugees and asylum seekers have pointed out difficulties for displaced persons to seek asylum in industrialized countries. As their immigration policy often focusses on the fight of irregular migration and the strengthening of border controls it deters displaced persons from entering territory in which they could lodge an asylum claim. The lack of opportunities to legally access the asylum procedures can force asylum seekers to undertake often expansive and hazardous attempts at illegal entry.
Displaced women and children
An estimated 80% of refugees are women and children. They often carry the heaviest burden of survival for themselves and their families. Women and adolescent girls in refugee settings are especially vulnerable to exploitation, rape, abuse and other forms of gender-based violence.
Children and youth constitute approximately 50 percent of all refugees worldwide. They are the deliberate targets of abuse, and easy prey to military recruitment and abduction. They typically miss out on years of education. More than 43 million children living in conflict-affected areas don’t have a chance to go to school.
Girls in particular face significant obstacles accessing education. Families who lack funds for school fees, uniforms, books, etc. are often influenced by cultural norms to prioritize education for boys over girls. Girls are typically pulled out of school before boys, often to help with traditional care-giving/work roles including care for younger siblings, gathering firewood and cooking. Early or forced marriage can also derail a girl’s education.
Without an education, refugee women and youth often struggle to support themselves and their families. With refugees displaced for longer periods of time than ever before (68% of all refugees are now displaced for an average of 17 years), the ability for refugees—particularly women and youth— to earn a living and sustain themselves and their families (“livelihoods”) is becoming even more critical. Livelihoods are vital for the social, emotional and economic well-being of displaced persons and are a key way to increase the safety of displaced women and adolescents. Lack of education, minimal job prospects, and disproportionate responsibility at home all limit the livelihood opportunities of women and youth.
On occasion, people who have been uprooted from their homes come to the United States in search of safe haven. They may be detained by the U.S. government, often until their asylum cases are decided—which can amount to days, weeks, months or even years. Many of those detained are women and children who seek asylum in the United States after fleeing from gender- and age-related persecution. Sometimes the children are alone, having fled abusive families or other human rights abuses. Detained women asylum seekers are also particularly vulnerable to abuse in detention. Women and children asylum seekers who reach the United States are often imprisoned and at times subjected to inhumane conditions, abuse and poor medical care, and denied legal representation and other services.
Refugee advocacy organizations, including the Women’s Commission For Refugee Women and Children, focus their programs and advocacy specifically on the needs of refugee women, children and youth.
Refugee law
Main article: Refugee law
Under international law, refugees are individuals who:
• are outside their country of nationality or habitual residence;
• are unable or unwilling to avail themselves of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.
Refugee law encompasses both customary law, peremptory norms, and international legal instruments. These include:
Refugee camps
Main article: Refugee camps
A refugee camp is a place built by governments or NGOs (such as the ICRC) to receive refugees. People may stay in these camps, receiving emergency food and medical aid, until it is safe to return to their homes or until they get supposned by other people outside the camps. In some cases, often after several years, other countries decide it will never be safe to return these people, and they are resettled in "third countries," away from the border they crossed.
However, more often than not, refugees are not resettled. Rather, they are "warehoused"-they are denied their basic human rights including the right of movement, employment, and ownership of property.
For 10, 20 or 40 years, men, women, and children have been confined to their camps-often arrested and deported to their native countries if they stray too far.
Camps are the breeding ground for disease, child soldiering, terrorist recruitment, and physical and sexual violence. And these camps are often funded by UNHCR and United States.
Globally, about 17 countries (Australia, Benin, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Canada, Chile, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, the Republic of Ireland, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States [2]) regularly accept quota refugees from places such as refugee camps. Usually these are people who have escaped war. In recent years, most quota refugees have come from Iran, Afghanistan, Iraq, Liberia, Somalia, and Sudan, which have been in various wars and revolutions, and the former Yugoslavia, due to the Yugoslav wars.
According to Agence France-Presse, Japan accepted just ten people into the country as refugees in 2003, the lowest number since it let in just one in 1997. Despite denying them refugee status, Japan accepted 16 more people on special humanitarian grounds during the year -- also the lowest figure since 1997, when it accepted three. In contrast, 336 people applied for refugee status in Japan over the year, the highest figure in two years. Various international organisations, including the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, have asked Japan to accept more refugees. [citation needed]Japan accepted just 16 refugees in 1999, while the United States took in 85,010 for resettlement, according to the UNHCR. New Zealand, which is smaller than Japan, accepted 1,140 refugees in 1999. Amnesty International Japan said in January [citation needed] that the country is violating international refugee and anti-torture conventions, citing the case of an Iranian applicant who was arrested days after being deported in October. A Japanese court rejected the asylum request from a gay Iranian who faced the death penalty if his sexual orientation was discovered in his homeland.
Boat people
Main article: Boat people
The term "boat people" came into common use in the 1970s with the mass exodus of Vietnamese refugees following the Vietnam War. It is a widely used form of migration for people migrating from Cuba, Haiti, Morocco, Vietnam or Albania. They often risk their lives on dangerously crude and overcrowded boats to escape oppression or poverty in their home nations. Events resulting from the Vietnam War led many people in Cambodia, Laos, and especially Vietnam to become refugees in the late 1970s and 1980s. In 2001, 353 asylum seekers sailing from Indonesia to Australia drowned when their vessel sank.
The main danger to a boat person is that the boat he or she is sailing in may actually be anything that floats and is large enough for passengers. Although such makeshift craft can result in tragedy, in 2003 a small group of 5 Cuban refugees attempted (unsuccessfully, but un-harmed) to reach Florida in a 1950s pickup truck made buoyant by oil barrels strapped to its sides.
Boat people are frequently a source of controversy in the nation they seek to immigrate to, such as the United States, Canada, Italy, Spain and Australia. Boat people are often forcibly prevented from landing at their destination, such as under Australia's Pacific Solution, or they are subjected to mandatory detention after their arrival.
Historical and contemporary refugee crises
Refugee situations in the Middle East
Palestinian refugees
For more details on this topic, see Palestinian refugees.
Following the 1948 proclamation of the State of Israel, the first Arab-Israeli War began. Many Palestinians had already become refugees, and the Palestinian Exodus (Nakba) continued through the 1948 Arab-Israeli War and after the armistice that ended it. The great majority have remained refugees for generations as they were not permitted to return to their homes or to settle in the Arab countries where they lived. The refugee situation and the presence of numerous refugee camps continues to be a point of contention in the Arab-Israeli conflict.
The final estimate of refugee numbers was 711,000 according to the United Nations Conciliation Commission. Palestinian refugees from 1948 and their descendants do not come under the 1951 UN Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, but under the UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, which created its own criteria for refugee classification. From the UNRWA web site:
As such they are the only refugee population legally defined to include descendants of refugees, as well as others who might otherwise be considered internally displaced persons.
As of December 2005, the World Refugee Survey of the U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants estimates the total number of Palestinian refugees to be 2,966,100.
Jewish refugees
For more details on this topic, see Jewish refugees.
Over 20 centuries, no people has embodied the hardship of forcible displacement better than the Jews. One could argue that the state of Israel is a large refugee camp. Yet, the UN does not recognize the status of refugee to Jews, in Israel or elsewhere. The term "Jewish refugee" is simply not used at the UN. In theory, the UNRWA definition for Palestinian refugees (see above) does not specify the race, religion or side of the conflict. In practice, however, there are no Jews amongst Palestinian refugees. For example, in May 1948 thousands of Jews were forcibly expelled from East Jerusalem by the Jordanian army. These Jews and their descendants should be eligible to Palestinian refugees status but have not been recognized by the UNRWA.
In Europe, the Nazi persecution culminated in the Holocaust of European Jews. The Bermuda Conference, Evian Conference and other attempts failed to resolve the problem of Jewish refugees from Europe. Between the two wars, Jewish immigration to Palestine was encouraged by the nascent zionist mouvement but severely restricted by the British mandate government in Palestine. Soon following independence of Israel in 1948, the state adopted the law of return granting Israeli citizenship to any Jew immigrant. With the gates of Palestine now opened, some 700,000 refugees flooded this small, young and dry country at a time of war. This human flood was housed in tent cities called Ma'abarot. More recently, following the dissolution of the USSR, a second surge of 700,000 Russian Jews fled to Israel between 1990 and 1995.
In the East, Jews have lived in what are now Arab states at least since the Babylonian captivity (597 BCE). In 1945, there were about 800,000 Jews living in communities throughout the Arab world. After the creation of the state of Israel and the 1948 Arab-Israeli War that ensued, conditions for Jews in the Arab world deteriorated. The situation worsened following the 1967 Six-Day War. Over the next few decades, most would leave the Arab world, most (about 600,000) finding refuge in Israel. Today, in all the Arab countries except Morocco, the Jewish population has disappeared or shrunk below survival levels. A significant number of Jews also live currently in Iran.
In 2007, similar resolutions (H.Res.185 and S.Res.85) were proposed to the US Senate and Congress, to:
These resolutions were discussed on July 19th 2007 at the bicameral Congressional Human Rights Caucus in preparation for voting.
For more details on this topic, see Jewish exodus from Arab lands.
Refugees from the Iraq wars
Main article: Refugees of Iraq
The Iran-Iraq war from 1980 to 1988, the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, the first Gulf War and subsequent conflicts all generated hundreds of thousands if not millions of refugees. Iran also provided asylum for 1,400,000 Iraqi refugees who had been uprooted as a result of the Persian Gulf War (1990–91).
The current Iraq war has generated millions of refugees and internally displaced persons. As of 2007 more Iraqis have lost their homes and become refugees than the population of any other country. Over 4,200,000 people, more than 16% of the Iraqi population, have become uprooted. Of these, about 2.2 million have fled Iraq and flooded other countries, and 2 million are estimated to be refugees inside Iraq, with nearly 100,000 Iraqis fleeing to Syria and Jordan each month.[25][26][27]
Roughly 40% of Iraq's middle class is believed to have fled, the U.N. said. Most are fleeing systematic persecution and have no desire to return. All kinds of people, from university professors to bakers, have been targeted by militias, insurgents and criminals. An estimated 331 school teachers were slain in the first four months of 2006, according to Human Rights Watch, and at least 2,000 Iraqi doctors have been killed and 250 kidnapped since the 2003 U.S. invasion.[28] Iraqi refugees in Syria and Jordan live in impoverished communities with little international attention to their plight and little legal protection.[29] In Syria alone an estimated 50,000 Iraqi girls and women, many of them widows, are forced into prostitution just to survive.[30][31]
According to Washington based Refugees International, out of the 4.2 million refugees fewer than 800 have been allowed into the US since the 2003 invasion. Sweden had accepted 18,000 and Australia had resettled almost 6,000.[32] As many as 110,000 Iraqis could be targeted as collaborators because of their work for coalition forces.[33]
As of September 2007 Syria had decided to implement a strict visa regime to limit the number of Iraqis entering the country at up to 5,000 per day, cutting the only accessible escape route for thousands of refugees fleeing the civil war in Iraq. A government decree that took effect on 10 September 2007 bars Iraqi passport holders from entering Syria except for businessmen and academics. Until then, the Syria was the only country to had resisted strict entry regulations for Iraqis.[34][35]
Religious minorities in the Middle East
Although Christians represent less than 5% of the total Iraqi population, they make up 40% of the refugees now living in nearby countries, according to U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees.[36][37] In the 16th century, Christians were half the population of Iraq.[38] In 1987, the last Iraqi census counted 1.4 million Christians.[39] But as the current war has radicalized Islamic sensibilities, Christians have seen their total numbers slump to about 500,000 today, of whom 250,000 live in Baghdad.[40]
The US government position on refugees states that there is repression of religious minorities in the Middle East and in Pakistan such as Christians, Hindus, as well as Ahmadi, and Zikri denominations of Islam. In Sudan where Islam is the state religion, Muslims dominate the Government and restrict activities of Christians, practitioners of traditional African indigenous religions and other non-Muslims[3]. The question of Jewish, Christian and other refugees from Arab and Muslim countries was introduced in March 2007 in the US congress[4].
In the Islamic republic of Iran, Iranian Christians decry minority religions' lack of freedom in Islamic countries [5], while Bahais are also fleeing religious persecution [6].
Refugee movements in Asia
From the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 through the early 1990s, the Afghan War (1978–92) caused more than six million refugees to flee to the neighboring countries of Pakistan and Iran, making Afghanistan the greatest refugee-producing country. The number of refugees fluctuated with the waves of the war, with thousands more fleeing after the Taliban takeover of 1996. The U.S. invasion of Afghanistan in 2001 and continued ethnic cleansing and reprisals also caused additional displacement. Though there has been some repatriation sponsored by the U.N. from Iran and Pakistan, a 2007 UNHCR census identified over two million Afghan refugees still living in Pakistan alone.
Since late April 2007, the Iranian government has forcibly deported back to Afghanistan nearly 100,000 registered and unregistered Afghans living and working in Iran. The forceful evictions of the refugees, who have lived in Iran and Pakistan for nearly three decades, are part of the two countries' larger plans to repatriate all Afghan refugees within a few years. Iran says it will send one million by next March, and Pakistan announced that all 2,400,000 Afghan refugees, most living in camps, must return home by 2009. Experts say it will be 'disastrous' for Afghanistan.[41][42]
The Partition of 1947
The partition of the Indian subcontinent into India and Pakistan in 1947 resulted in the largest human movement in history: an exchange of 18,000,000 Hindus and Sikhs (from Pakistan) for Muslims (from India). During the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, owing to the West Pakistani Army's Operation Searchlight, more than ten million Bengalis fled to neighboring India.
Bengali refugees in India in 1971
As a result of the Bangladesh Liberation War, on 27 March 1971, Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, expressed full support of her Government to the Bangladeshi struggle for freedom. The Bangladesh-India border was opened to allow the tortured and panic-stricken Bengalis safe shelter in India. The governments of West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Meghalaya and Tripura established refugee camps along the border. Exiled Bangladeshi army officers and voluntary workers from India immediately started using these camps for recruitment and training of freedom fighters (members of Mukti Bahini).
As the massacres in East Pakistan escalated, an estimated 10 million refugees fled to India, causing financial hardship and instability therein.
There are between 126,000 and 159,000 Biharis who have been living in camp-like situations in Bangladesh ever since the war, whom Pakistan has been unwilling to accept.
The Himalayas
There are more than 150,000 Tibetans who live in India, many in settlements in Dharamsala and Mysore, and Nepal. These include people who have escaped over the Himalayas from Tibet, as well as their children and grandchildren. In India the overwhelming majority of Tibetans born in India are still stateless and carry a document called an Identity Card issued by the Indian government in lieu of a passport. This document states the nationality of the holder as Tibetan. It is a document that is frequently rejected as a valid travel document by many customs and immigrations departments.
In 1991-92, Bhutan expelled roughly 100,000 ethnic Nepalis, most of whom have been living in seven refugee camps in eastern Nepal ever since. Talks are ongoing to resettle them in third countries, most notably the U.S.
Meanwhile, as many as 200,000 Nepalese were displaced during the Maoist insurgency and Nepalese Civil War which ended in 2006.
Sri Lankan Tamils
The civil war and ethnic cleansing in Sri Lanka (1983 to the present) has generated millions of internally displaced as well as refugees. Sri Lanka Tamils, predominantly Hindu, have fled to India, Europe (mostly France, Denmark, the United Kingdom, and Germany), and Canada (over 300,000 people).
Southeast Asia
Following the communist takeovers in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos in 1975, about three million people attempted to escape in the subsequent decades. With massive influx of refugees daily, the resources of the receiving countries were severely strained. The plight of the boat people became an international humanitarian crisis. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) set up refugee camps in neighboring countries to process the boat people. The budget of the UNHCR increased from $80 million in 1975 to $500 million in 1980. Partly for its work in Indochina, the UNHCR was awarded the 1981 Nobel Peace Prize.
• Large numbers of Vietnamese refugees came into existence after 1975 when South Vietnam fell to the communist forces. Many tried to escape, some by boat, thus giving rise to the phrase "boat people." The Vietnamese refugees emigrated to Hong Kong, Israel, France, the United States, Canada, Australia, and other countries, creating sizable expatriate communities, notably in the United States.
• Survivors of the Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia fled across the border into Thailand after the Vietnamese invasion of 1978-79. Approximately 300,000 of these people were eventually resettled in the United States, France, Canada, and Australia between 1979 and 1992, when the camps were closed and the remaining people repatriated.
• The Mien or Yao recently lived in northern Vietnam, northern Laos and northern Thailand. In 1975, the Pathet Lao forces began seeking reprisal for the involvement of many Mien as soldiers in the CIA-sponsored Secret War in Laos. As a token of appreciation to the Mien and Hmong people who served in the CIA secret army, the United States accepted many of the refugees as naturalized citizens (Mien American). Many more Hmong continue to seek asylum in neighboring Thailand[7].
• Due to the persecution of the ethnic Karen, Karenni and other minority populations in Burma (Myanmar) significant numbers of refugees live along the Thai border in camps of up to 50,000 people.
• Muslim ethnic groups from Burma, the Rohingya and other Arakanese have been living in camps in Bangladesh since the 1990s [8] [9].
East Asia
Refugee movements in Africa
Since the 1950s, many nations in Africa have suffered civil wars and ethnic strife, thus generating a massive number of refugees of many different nationalities and ethnic groups. The division of Africa into European colonies in 1885, along which lines the newly independent nations of the 1950s and 1960s drew their borders, has been cited as a major reason why Africa has been so plagued with intrastate warfare. The number of refugees in Africa increased from 860,000 in 1968 to 6,775,000 by 1992 (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2004). By the end of 2004, that number had dropped to 2,748,400 refugees, according to the United Nations High Commission for Refugees [10]. (That figure does not include internally displaced persons, who do not cross international borders and so do not fit the official definition of refugee.)
Many refugees in Africa cross into neighboring countries to find haven; often, African countries are simultaneously countries of origin for refugees and countries of asylum for other refugees. The Democratic Republic of Congo, for instance, was the country of origin for 462,203 refugees at the end of 2004, but a country of asylum for 199,323 other refugees.
Countries in Africa from where 5,000 or more refugees originated as of the end of 2004, arranged in descending order of numbers of refugees are listed below. (UNHCR, 2004 Global Refugee Trends, Table 3.) The largest number of refugees are from Sudan and have fled either the longstanding and recently concluded Sudanese Civil War or the Darfur conflict and are located mainly in Chad, Uganda, Ethiopia, and Kenya.
Great Lakes refugee crisis
In the aftermath of the 1994 Rwandan Genocide, over two million people fled into neighboring countries, in particular Zaire. The refugee camps were soon controlled by the former government and Hutu militants who used the camps as bases to launch attacks against the new government in Rwanda. Little action was taken to resolve the situation and the crisis did not end until Rwanda-supported rebels forced the refugees back across the border at the beginning of the First Congo War.
Refugee movements within Europe
File:Serb refugees.jpg
Serb refugees from Croatia after Operation Storm in 1995.
Beginning in 1991, political upheavals in the Balkans such as the breakup of Yugoslavia, displaced about 2,700,000 people by mid-1992, of which 700,000 of them sought asylum in Europe. In 1999, about one million Albanians escaped from Serbian persecution.
Today there are still thousands of refugees and internally displaced persons in the Balkan Region who cannot return to their homes. Most of them are Serbs who cannot return to Kosovo, and who still live in refugee camps in Serbia today.
From 1992 ongoing conflict has taken place in Chechenya, Caucasus due to independence proclaimed by this republic in 1991 which is not accepted by the Russian Federation. As a consequence about two million people have been displaced and still cannot return to their homes.
A phenomenon referred to as 'secondary movement' describes the travelling of asylum seekers from one country of the European Union to another.
Refugee movements in the Americas
More than one million Salvadorans were displaced during the Salvadoran Civil War from 1975 to 1982. About half went to the United States, most settling in the Los Angeles area. There was also a large exodus of Guatemalans during the 1980s, trying to escape from the Civil War and genocide there as well. These people went to Southern Mexico and the U.S.
From 1991 through 1994, following the military coup d'état against President Jean-Bertrand Aristide, thousands of Haitians fled violence and repression by boat. Although most were repatriated to Haiti by the U.S. government, others entered the United States as refugees. Haitians were primarily regarded as economic migrants from the grinding poverty of Haiti, the poorest nation in the Western Hemisphere.
See also: Mariel boatlift
The victory of the forces led by Fidel Castro in the Cuban Revolution led to a large exodus of Cubans between 1959 and 1980. Dozens of Cubans yearly continue to risk the waters of the Straits of Florida seeking better economic and political conditions in the U.S. In 1999 the highly publicized case of six year old Elián González brought the covert migration to international attention. Measures by both governments have attempted to address the issue; the U.S. instituted a wet feet, dry feet policy allowing refuge to those travelers who manage to complete their journey, and the Cuban government have periodically allowed for mass migration by organizing leaving posts. The most famous of these agreed migrations was the Mariel boatlift of 1980.
It is now estimated by the U.S. Committee on Refugees and Immigrants that there are about 150,000 Colombians in "refugee-like situations" in the United States, not recognized as refugees or subject to any formal protection.
During the Vietnam War, many U.S. citizens who were conscientious objectors and wished to avoid the draft sought political asylum in Canada. President Jimmy Carter issued an amnesty
As estatized in the Canadian Inmigration and Refugee board, in the mid 1970 a large group of evangelists from MEXICO sought refugee asylum in Canada.a few years after that a Catholic priest at the state of Hidalgo forced violently a group of baptist missionaries whom lived there to leave the state saying to the media "this town is ours".
Refugees as security threats
Refugees have been used and recruited as refugee warriors.[43] and the humanitarian aid directed at refugee relief has been utilized to fund the acquisition of arms.[44] Support from a refugee-receiving state has often been used to enable refugees to mobilize militarily, causing conflict to spread across borders. As a result, that insecurity has been extended to humanitarian workers in the field as psychopathic war criminals, often using child soldiers and/or refugees, have targeted relief personnel.[45]
Common refugee medical problems
World Refugee Day
World Refugee Day occurs on June 20. The day was created in 2000 by a special United Nations General Assembly Resolution. June 20 had previously been commemorated as African Refugee Day in a number of African countries.
1. Refugees by Numbers 2006 edition, UNHCR
2. Publications/Statistics, UNRWA, update as of 31 March 2006
3. Framework for Durable Solutions for Refugees and Other Persons of Concern, UNHCR Core Group on Durable Solutions, May 2003, p. 5
4. UN warns of five million Iraqi refugees
5. Iraq: Refugee Crisis Could Become Regional Security Threat
6. UNHCR says 4.2 million Iraqis are displaced in, outside Iraq
7. Displaced Iraqis running out of cash, and prices are rising
8. Ann McFeatters: Iraq refugees find no refuge in America. Seattle Post-Intelligencer May 25, 2007
9. 9.0 9.1 [ Nansen International Office for Refugee: The Nobel Peace Prize 1938],
10. The United States and Forced Repatriation of Soviet Citizens, 1944-47 by Mark Elliott Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 88, No. 2 (Jun., 1973), pp. 253-275
11. Repatriation -- The Dark Side of World War II
12. Forced Repatriation to the Soviet Union: The Secret Betrayal
13. Final Compensation Pending for Former Nazi Forced Laborers
14. Forced Labor at Ford Werke AG during the Second World War
15. The Nazi Ostarbeiter (Eastern Worker) Program
16. Soviet Prisoners of War: Forgotten Nazi Victims of World War II
17. Soviet Prisoners-of-War
18. The warlords: Joseph Stalin
19. Remembrance (Zeithain Memorial Grove)
20. Patriots ignore greatest brutality
21. Joseph Stalin killer file
22. Forced migration in the 20th century
23. [ "United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration," The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, © 1994, 2000-2005, on Infoplease, © 2000–2006 Pearson Education, publishing as Infoplease. (accessed 13 October 2006)
24. "International Refugee Organization %u2014" The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, © 1994, 2000-2005, on Infoplease, © 2000–2006 Pearson Education, publishing as Infoplease. (accessed 13 October 2006)
25. Iraq refugees chased from home, struggle to cope
26. U.N.: 100,000 Iraq refugees flee monthly. Alexander G. Higgins, Boston Globe, November 3, 2006
27. Anthony Arnove: Billboarding the Iraq disaster, Asia Times March 20, 2007
28. 40% of middle class believed to have fled crumbling nation
29. Iraq's middle class escapes, only to find poverty in Jordan
30. '50,000 Iraqi refugees' forced into prostitution
31. Iraqi refugees forced into prostitution
32. US in Iraq for 'another 50 years', The Australian, June 2, 2007
33. Ambassador wants more visas for loyal Iraqis.
34. Syria moves to restrain Iraqi refugee influx
35. Syria to restricts Iraqi refugee influx
36. Christians, targeted and suffering, flee Iraq
37. Terror campaign targets Chaldean church in Iraq
38. UNHCR |Iraq
39. Christians live in fear of death squads
40. 'We're staying and we will resist'
41. Iranian Deportations Raise Fears of Humanitarian Crisis in Afghanistan
42. To root out Taliban, Pakistan to expel 2.4 million Afghans
43. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) 1999 “The Security and Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Refugee Camps and Settlements.” UNHCR EXCOM Report
44. Crisp, J. 1999 “A State of Insecurity: The Political Economy of Violence in Refugee-Populated Areas of Kenya.” Working Paper No. 16, “New Issues in Refugee Research.”
45. Weiss, T. G. 1999 “Principles, Politics, and International Affairs,” Ethics &International Affairs, 13: 1-22.
50. Fazel M, Wheeler J, Danesh J. Prevalence of serious mental disorder in 7000 refugees resettled in western countries: a systematic review. Lancet. 2005 Apr 9-15;365(9467):1309-14.
See also
Look up Refugee in
Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
• Michael Robert Marrus, The Unwanted: European refugees in the 20th century, Oxford University Press 1985
• Mark Bixler, "The Lost Boys of Sudan: An American Story of the Refugee Experience," University of Georgia Press 2005 resources with many links
• Matthew J. Gibney, "The Ethics and Politics of Asylum: Liberal Democracy and the Response to Refugees," Cambridge University Press 2004
• Tony Waters, Bureaucatizing the Good Samaritan, Westview Press, 2001.
• Aristide R. Zolberg et al.,"Escape from Violence," Oxford University Press, 1989.
• Refugee number statistics taken from 'Refugee', Encyclopaedia Britannica CD Edition 2004.
External links
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az:Qaçqın bg:Бежанец cs:Uprchlík da:Flygtning de:Flüchtlingeo:Rifuĝintoko:난민 id:Pengungsi it:Rifugiato he:פליט nl:Vluchtelingno:Flyktning nn:Flyktningsimple:Refugee sr:Избеглица fi:Pakolainen sv:Flykting uk:Біженці | http://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Refugee | dclm-gs1-469025528 | false | true | {
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0.031583 | <urn:uuid:5bbf24f5-ce5f-41fa-bdae-895824ee2a61> | en | 0.896905 | Edit Article
• 5 Editors
• Edited
Here is how-to make an old fashion broom. Great for decorating your house.
1. 1
Go the forest and search for birch branches. Branches of the birch are beautiful and strong and its even said that they have special forces.
2. 2
Let the branches dry for a while.
3. 3
Search for a long, straight, thick branch with the fewest possible side branches. It must be long enough that you can lean with your chin on it. Let it dry too, then after awhile, you can cut of the base.
4. 4
Put the branches on a table.
5. 5
Cut them with a garden scissor to an equal length.
6. 6
With a rope, make a knot on a branch, twirl the rope around the rest of the branches.
7. 7
Make sure that the rope is tight around the branches.
8. 8
Do the same thing 3 times so that it is extra tight.
9. 9
Place the steel between the branches.
10. 10
Hit with a rubber hammer on the steel so that it slides further between the branches. If that doesn't help you can use another rope to tie everything together, just the same way like you tied up the branches.
11. 11
Your broom is ready now.
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Things You'll Need
• Birch branches
• A straight long branch
• Rope
• Rubber hammer
• Garden scissors
Article Info
Categories: Basketry Wicker and Rattan | Nature Crafts
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0.04019 | <urn:uuid:85ed76cc-323a-430a-a410-07f673f7a0a3> | en | 0.956853 | Libertarian Candidate, Barr, Says War On Drugs Is A Failure
Libertarian Presidential candidate Bob Barr recently wrote about the war on drugs for the Huffington Post, saying "when government attempts to solve our societal problems, it tends to create even more of them, often increasing the size and depth of the original problem. A perfect example of this is the federal War on Drugs."
He continued, saying that he could argue that America’s drug problem is larger today than it was when Richard Nixon first coined the phrase, “War on Drugs,” in 1972.
He provided an example of a free-market solution:
While it is clear the War on Drugs has been a failure, it is not enough to simply acknowledge that reality. We need to look for solutions that deal with the drug problem without costly and intrusive government agencies, and instead allow for private industry and organizations to put forward solutions that address the real problems.
Barr served as a four-term Republican Congressman from Georgia and has also served as an adjunct professor at Kennesaw State University in Georgia. He is the Libertarian nominee for President of the United States and is running against John McCain and Barack Obama
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Applying for a Board Position
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Provide a list of all other boards on which you currently serve.
Specifically outline why you are interested in the board position being applied for and what you intend to accomplish if selected for this appointment.
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0.055497 | <urn:uuid:22bead3c-21a7-4ce8-a364-0ea410590da8> | en | 0.903962 | Heatwave continues to sizzle North India, mercury to hover around 45°C
North Indians are expected to bear the scorching heat for a few more days as the temperature has gone up by 45 degrees, as per Meteorological Department.
Heat wave remains defiant in North India
Heat wave in North showed no signs of ebbing and large swathes of the region bore the brunt of hot spell.
Simmering heat continues, Delhi records 45°C
Heat wave conditions intensified on Friday in most parts of the country with temperatures hovering around 45 degrees Celsius, affecting normal life. | http://zeenews.india.com/tags/India-temperature.html | dclm-gs1-469465528 | false | false | {
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0.038419 | <urn:uuid:a1148fde-ee35-4d54-a41c-7e4f4fab9e34> | en | 0.895957 | Zen Living: 3 Easy Steps To Effortlessly Master Zen Living
Based on Teachings of Shunryu Suzuki - One of The original Zen Masters
Express Yourself Through Your Posture
Your posture is the expression of your self. It is where everything begins. You should not seek to master posture as a means to attain a particular state of mind. Your posture is the purpose itself of practice of zen living.
One of the most important aspects of zen posture is a straight spine. Relax your shoulders, push up towards the ceiling with the back of your head. Press your diaphragm down towards your lower abdomen - this will help you breathe deeply. Deeper breathing creates more oxygen in your blood stream, thereby increasing your brains alertness.
Do not tilt sideways, backwards, or frontwards. Accessing your true nature through your posture is the key here. If you own your own physical body, you would be able to create presence effortlessly. Being present in their body is how athletes & performers create miracles.
Enlightenment is not some good feeling or some particular state of mind. The state of mind that exists when you sit in the right posture is, in and of itself, enlightenment.
Focus On Your Breathing
Breathing is synonymous to swinging the door - the door that connects the outer world with your inner world. There is no limit to your inner world, neither is the outer world limited. The air comes in and goes out like someone passing through a swinging door. When you practice Zen, the idea of time and space melts away, just the way there difference between inside and outside air disappears when you breathe.
Focusing your mind on your breathing is one of the key zen activities. Breathing is a fundamental activity of the universal being. When we focus on our breathing, we become the swinging door, and create instant presence...
Give Up The Control
"The greatest meditation is the mind that lets go" - Zen Philosopher.
Whatever we see changes with every passing moment. Whatever we see is changing, loosing its balance. Although everything is going out of balance, the background is in perfect harmony. That's the essence of zen nature - keeping the perfect balance in background while in midst of constantly changing foreground.
The give your sheep or cow a large, spacious meadow is the way to control him. To find perfect balance of your mind, to find the calmness that you are constantly seeking, you should learn to ignore the various thoughts and images you find in your mind. The true purpose of zen practice and living so to open up our small minds so we can see things as they are, to observe things as they are, and to let everything go as it goes. Be like water, not the rock. When water flows through a bamboo fountain in traditional Japanese gardens, the zen practitioners are reminded of how water is free to acquire any form. This is where true zen'ism exists.
About The Author: Amy C.
Amy is passionate about helping others create a healthy, fulfilling and successful life filled with harmony and love.
She has a backyard garden in which she plants her herbs and vegetables to create a healthy and balanced lifestyle for herself and her family.
Amy puts her business knowledge into application through a self-owned retail business in the niche of indoor fountains. She is an indoor fountain expert and she offers valuable advise on every aspect of indoor fountains, ranging from its design to decoration.
Mini Moonshadow Tabletop Fountain
This fountain is the ultimate way to create zen lifestyle - it helps you melt away your stress instantly as you focus on the soft flow of water and it's mild ambient sounds as it splashes on the river stones.
Brought to you by http://www.TabletopFountainStore.com - To learn more about it, browse the Mini Moonshadow Tabletop Fountain page | http://zenliving.weebly.com/ | dclm-gs1-469475528 | false | false | {
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0.028953 | <urn:uuid:faf733c2-1b74-4e9f-9859-29c0831b65b6> | en | 0.974397 | About your Search
Search Results 0 to 6 of about 7
of plastic bags and what they have on our environment and wildlife. the ban will apply in all county retail outlets, including grocery stores, convenience stores and pharmacies as well as other shops. the ban does not include restaurant food take-out or bags used for produce, meat, bulk foods and prescription meds. now, if you don't have those reusable bags, the city of menlo park says they will be offering free reusable bags at places likely bay area's or recreation or senior centers. live in menlo park, cate caugiran, kpix 5. >> thank you. in california, we use a total of 20 billion plastic bags and the majority of them end up landlls oras litter. and speaking of trash, an annual unofficial pot party at golden gate park in san francisco left quite the mess for the city to clean up. according to the "chronicle," this weekend's 420 party at the park drew nearly 15,000 people and they left behind a mountain of trash. the clean-up tab for the city, $10,000. >>> speaking of tabs, the town of atherton is asking the white house to pay up. atherton was a fundraising stop for the president earlier
october. we found fire pits and a rest room structure. the environment was being impacted drastically. they realize that cleanup is a short-term solution. >> some people will reencamp. we live in a beautiful community and the weather is very nice. we're working to manage the issue as best we can. >> reporter: outreach workers have been trying to build a rapport with the 200 or so homeless at this sight. so far some have entered a homeless program. the challenge is those who refuse. the city plans on putting up roadblocks to prevent the homeless from bringing in rv's and cars and setting up camp. they also plan on bringing in private security to patrol the area. >>> a new housing development in san francisco's central market area held a groundbreaking celebration today. they joined together to make the $200 million project a reality. the plans are to transform the former automobile association into a new area. >> in the intersection of market and van ness, it can use help as well. >>> california senator dianne feinstein is pushing for lawmakers to move forward with immigration reform.
... are polluting our environment. [ sniffing ] [ seagulls squawking ] is it wrong to buy to match your mani-pedi? shop like a fashionista. not if you find something amazing for less than the price of it. save like a maxxinista. designer brands at t.j. prices. t.j.maxx. [ male announcer ] a car that can actually see like a human, using stereoscopic cameras. ♪ and even stop itself if it has to. ♪ the technology may be hard to imagine. but why you would want it... is not. the 2014 e-class. it doesn't just see the future. it is the future. made the way you say at subwa. with our oven roasted chicken, now a $3 six-inch select. make it your own with melty monterey cheddar or creamy ranch. and during april, the black forest ham is also a $3 six-inch select. subway. eat fresh. >>> 7:23. if you're just joining us this morning, we are following the breaking news in the boston marathon bombing case. these are live pictures from watertown massachusetts. everyone in the boston area, they're being told stay home. stay indoors, don't go to school. don't go to workment don't open businesses. that's bec
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Terms of Use (10 Mar 2001) | http://archive.org/details/tv?time=20130416-20130424&q=environment&fq=topic:%22oakland%22&fq=topic:%22russia%22 | dclm-gs1-469745528 | false | false | {
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0.430702 | <urn:uuid:043cdbb5-1601-425c-b97e-55c864c80280> | en | 0.780827 | ▲ Belyst †
▲ That verse is like a key
That opens a thousand doors.
A leaf falls, something goes flying;
The eyes look is created,
And the listener's soul remains trembling.
Invent new worlds and watch your word;
The adjective, when it gives life, it kills.
We are in the cycle of nerves.
The muscle hangs
As I recall, in museums;
But why not have less strength:
The real force
Resides in the head.
Why do you sing the rose, oh Poets!
Make it bloom in the poem;
Only for us
They live all things under the sun †
/ In "El espejo de Agua", 1916.
▲ Belyst †
▲ Nas ft. Amy Winehouse - Cherry Wine
▲ Azealia Banks †
▲ dance in different way †
▲ Atlantis †
▲ You know i spit slick game slick game to the brothas †
▲ Couture †
▲ All are Welcome †
▲ Lil’uminati meeting in progress †
▲ All Monsters are Human † | http://belyst.tumblr.com/page/2 | dclm-gs1-469975528 | false | false | {
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0.047782 | <urn:uuid:438e740e-f7e3-4a24-925b-af9aec957a56> | en | 0.801066 | търсене на която и да е дума, например eiffel tower:
An AR platform rifle in the .308 caliber. Far more powerful than the standard .223 round, the .308 is suitable for taking large game at far distances. If an AK47 is a chopper, a .308 M.B.R. is a fucking disintegrator.
Billy: Holy dog shit, that AR-10 just chopped that dude with the bullet proof vest in half!
Timmy: I know, I can't wait to get a .308 mbr so I can fuck shit up too!
от The coyote 22 юли 2013 | http://bg.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=AR-10&defid=7121060 | dclm-gs1-470015528 | false | false | {
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0.831997 | <urn:uuid:1cb90d23-0331-4ad2-b4ff-6277a451bb52> | en | 0.728066 |
When you're high and suddenly nothing is more important than this!
"Dude, I just thought of an awesome word! It's so arnke!"
"Oh man! I was watching Conan and suddenly I remembered South Park was on. Arnke!!
от Mad Arnke 04 декември 2006
Думи, свързани с arnke
wank arse arnk arse arse wank bad beast lousy sucky wank weak | http://bg.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=arnke | dclm-gs1-470025528 | false | false | {
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0.02109 | <urn:uuid:9736e2a3-a355-4628-bc77-97a41e0f093a> | en | 0.951408 | A.M. Roundup: A new schools chancellor
Carol Ash has become a parks advocate. (TU)
Kristin Davis is off probation. (NYP)
And here are some national headlines…
A ranking of potential presidential candidates. (NJ)
And below, an interview with Senator-elect David Carlucci:
1. woo says:
re; ‘Rev. Al Sharpton rages at Gov.-elect Andrew Cuomo: Transition team is lacking in diversity’
Al is all the rage — how many white folks does Mr. Diversity have working for him? Are they window dressing?
2. ObliqueAngles says:
So, Daines sees himself as some sort of visionary? What a flaming narcissist. Sugary drinks are the root of all evil? Sounds more like religious crusading than rational thinking. If that’s not the definition of “nannyism”, I don’t know what is. Let’s hope Andrew appoints someone who thinks with brain cells instead of glands.
3. gecannonphd says:
It appears to be a done deal on taxes v.cuts.
The surcharge on the wealthy expires,and the Gov.-elect will not agree to continue it. And it appears Congress will extend the Bush tax cuts for the wealthy.
If you cut $2 billion+ in state school aid,and combine it with a local property tax cap, there will be a real fiscal crisis at the local level.
The state income tax is generally regressive,with the top rate kicking in at a middle class income level.
Sales taxes are always regressive.
Downsizing of state government is the mantra nationwide.
But there are serious consequences.
There should be a serious evaluation of all taxes,and how progressive they are.
Perhaps a serious consideration of eliminating local property taxes altogether,and paying for education with a progressive state income tax.
The sales taxes capture the 20th century industrial transactions,but very little of the 21st service economy,like internet sales.
The state already has a stock transfer tax in place,but it is quickly rebated back to the Street..$16 billion this year. Keeping even a small portion of this revenue would not be a tax increase,as the tax is already in place.
4. floydianslip says:
“Assemblyman Mark Schroeder doesn’t support Sheldon Silver for speaker.”
Looks like SOMEBODY is getting a closet office this year.
Is that fair? Nope. Could it happen? Yes
5. Bob says:
@gecannonphd: great post. You nailed it!
6. CarlGottsteinJr. says:
Kudos to Mark Schroeder!
Way to stand up and FIGHT for your people Assemblyman!
Shelly is SOOOOOOO outa touch, Shelly needs this wake up call.
I request and suggest everyone call their assembly person and ask they show support for Assemblyman Mark Schroeders BRAVE stand!
Bob and Floyd?
Disgusting and insightful.
Silent no more.
7. Andrew says:
gecannonphd and Bob:
Sorry, but spending twice the national Average and having the 40th most educated school kids in the nation isn’t working…
But I’m guessing your answer is to spend more huh?
8. billywill says:
Does anyone realize that we have the lowest tax rates in something like 50 years? If we want education, Medicare, SS and other government distributions to remain effective, we all will have to pay more taxes. As Fareed Zakaria said, “This is not poliitics, this is math”. Not any happier than you are, it’s just the case.
The question becomes, do you still provide those entitlements to people that don’t put into the coffer as much as a person that works and pays taxes for 30 years. I say no f’n way!
9. BARBARANNY says:
GE et al, what we need is an across the board evaluation not only of the tax system, but , also review where and how state monies are spent. Then, we can make sure we are getting sufficient “bang” for our “Buck.”
That is how I handle my money when there isn’t enough. We, the average joes, have to live within the limits of our income, as should the state.
Ahhhh, but this will never happen!
10. twopondsnorth says:
If the cost of health care was not part of a teacher’s salary (or of anyone’s salary) we’d be paying far less as taxpayers. same thing goes for the cost of cars, refrigerators, building, etc. Too bad we don’t have national health care like all other developed nations.
11. woo says:
Quote the source!
Where did you pull the ’40th most educated school kids in the nation’ line from, never mind I think I may know …..
12. Nassau Nell says:
looks like Mark Schroeder will have latrine duty all session….
13. woo says:
re: ‘Cuomo said we can’t tax the wealthy any more and instead must cut spending for education, health care and government operations.’
David H. Koch (Mr. Tea Party) sure is getting his moneys’ worth for his and his wife’s campaign contributions for Andy.
14. gecannonphd says:
Bob, thanks for the support on the post above.
Andrew, I don’t have a knee jerk support for more spending.
There are other factors in student success than money…parental involvement,family supports and encouragement,good teachers,and adequate classroom resources.
We also have a segregated public school system,in many cases far worse than the Southern de jure school segregation.
Consolidation of school districts can save money.
Gov.-elect Cuomo supports this.
Paladino suggested county-wide school systems,eliminating many of the urban,suburban and rural school districts. Nice in theory,impractical in the real world. This would involve the redistribution of money from affluent,mostly white suburban schools to urban,mostly non-white,schools.
It will not happen.
The entire tax system in the state needs to be reviewed.
The property taxes are the highest,perhaps,in the nation.
And this tax,based on real estate, is regressive.
Why not open the discussion on lifting the property tax off the locals entirely, and moving to school aid solely on a progressive state income tax?
And re that stock transfer tax…it already exists and the state,for a very brief time, has $16 billion from the tax. It sends it back quickly to the Street.
If the state kept say,$2-3 billion of this,would the Street pack their terminals and move to NJ/Ct.?
Well, why not test it out?
15. chumley says:
Cuomo’s school aid cuts need to be followed up by local school board cuts, instead of massive property tax increases. That’s the problem. Most school board members are unable or unwillingly to budget.
Gov-elect Cuomo should start by slashing the State Education Department. Less mandates would help everyone-no one would miss the bureaucrats.
16. Mike says:
You know, every time the question of school costs vs.test results comes up, I think the main point is being missed. The truth is, Amercians hate smart people and only pay lip service to the concept of a good quality educational system. Once intelligent, educated people are held in the same high regard as professional athletes and celebrities, then we’ll see progress. But when the GOP swept into power by characterizing our president as an out of touch east coast Ivy league elite, well, that kind of spells it out. You want smarter kids? Shut of the damn Xbox and see if they did their homework! Oh, and BTW, stop blaming teachers for all the ills; it’s just a transparent ploy by the GOP to do some more union busting.
17. Jan says:
Those that want the Bush tax cuts to expire, I’m not wealthy and I enjoyed having more money in my paycheck, didn’t you? We’ll be the ones losing money. I see an article of prices going up, already see gas prices rising, what are you going to do without? I hear Albany County wants to raise the sales tax, more money I’ll be losing if I purchase anything in Colonie or Glenmont..A few more months and hope I’ll be outta this hellhole.
18. Andrew says:
twopondsnorth you act like a national health care plan would be free???
What color is the sky on your planet?
woo, our Governor elect said it…the man you voted for.
19. Andrew says:
Americans do want a smart population… but we hate when educated people act better than everyone else… IE the liberal Elite…
20. maggie says:
Dr Daines continues to babble “investment banking speak.” You never hear him talk about how to improve access to high quality health care for the poor and lower middle class in NYS. He is very detached from the needs of the people who he’s supposed to be serving. Keep in mind he was a Spitzer appointee. His departure as NYS DOH commissioner cannot come soon enough. How about tomorrow?
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0.280495 | <urn:uuid:b6002807-3175-4719-b0ad-d73aba2b74c0> | en | 0.898148 |
6. Duelin' Fates
Doesn't matter who you're voting for, you probably feel like you're on the right side, battling the forces of evil. Good for you. You should feel pretty epic right about now, hence this "Duel of the Fates" tune. Just please don't cut anyone in half; save that for the movies.
5. What's Going On?
Let a comedic reinterp of '90s top 40 radio carry you through this hectic day. Who's judging you for knowing every word of 4 Non Blondes only hit? Not us.
4. Rewrite History
Life is like a hurricane here in Florida! With flip-flopping politicians and a tanking economy, it can be a duck-blur. Just grab on to some ducktails and keep your chin up.
3. Be an Opportunist
Chances are you might be waiting for a fair amount of time with a lot of other people. When that happens, well, the mind tends to wander. Whether similar ideologies turn you on, or you're into that really kinky/rough/argumentative type sex, never forget: Anytime is the right time to score some digits.
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Cramer's 'Mad Money' Recap: Building Long-Term Wealth
NEW YORK (TheStreet) -- "Tonight is all about the big picture," Jim Cramer said on "Mad Money" as he dedicated the entire show to building wealth and learning how to augment your income, not just for a year or two but for the rest of your life.
Cramer said it's fruitless to think you can invest in stocks without a solid foundation for building long-term wealth beforehand. Having a good foundation is essential in a culture that doesn't teach financial literacy, he said.
Before investing in stocks, Cramer said there are three things all investors must do. First, they must pay off all their credit card debt. Even the best of stock market gains will have a hard time competing with the 15%, 20% or 30% you're paying in credit card interest.
Second, Cramer said every investor must have health insurance. Starting in 2014, Obamacare mandates penalties for not having health insurance, so every investor needs to get on board.
Last but not least, Cramer said that every investor must have disability insurance. Without both health and disability insurance, he said, investors can get wiped out in an instant. That's why all three of these items are must-haves before considering investing in the stocks.
Get Prepared
Cramer's next step for building long-term wealth is preparing for retirement, preferably if you're in your 20s and have just started working. He said that planning for retirement involves a lot more than just blindly putting a little money away in an Individual Retirement Account or a 401(k) -- it involves having an active hand in both how much you save and where it goes.
That's not to say investors shouldn't invest in an IRA and 401(k), he said. They should, but there's a lot more to it than just having an automatic deduction from your paycheck. Cramer one again preached the values of staying diversified, at least as much as your 401(k) will allow you to be.
Cramer also warned that 401(k) savings should never be concentrated in your employer's stock. As anyone from the dot-com collapse will tell you, investing only in your own company can be deadly. The collapse of Enron is another perfect example of what can go wrong if you're not paying attention. | http://business-news.thestreet.com/daily-freeman/story/cramers-mad-money-recap-building-long-term-wealth/12015267 | dclm-gs1-470295528 | false | false | {
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0.731138 | <urn:uuid:736f6979-b4e5-48fd-b2d2-bf2c7178ca65> | en | 0.778534 | 1. Been drawin 💥
2. (Source: now-youre-cool, via tastemysad)
3. spraygirlcrime:
Date night.
(via tastemysad)
4. are you going to Treasure ISland tomorrow? i still haven’t decided…
5. tantonio-bandanas:
Andre Nickatina X Equipto
6. kampblood:
7. hatchbackmatt:
Andre Nickatina - Crack Raider Razor
8. waxfang:
Movements are systems and systems kill
Movements are expressions of the public will
Punk became a movement cos we all felt lost
Leaders sold out and now we all pay the cost”
9. (Source: fayejay)
10. neone in san jose interested in setting up a show for Jeffrey Lewis? hmu | http://c0ncrete-dream.tumblr.com/ | dclm-gs1-470325528 | false | false | {
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0.109453 | <urn:uuid:b099ac25-2706-46d4-ae1f-329a6bcfa75d> | en | 0.956839 | Saturday, July 30, 2011
Why Did the Law of Moses Exist?
I've been listening to a very good talk on Galatians 2-5 given by Christendom College's Professor Eric Jenislawski called “Saint Paul's Galatians: Are You Saved?” That talk, and countless others, are available free on the Institute of Catholic Culture's website.
In it, he poses the question: Given how emphatically St. Paul denies that the Law of Moses can save us, why did God bother with the Mosaic Law at all? Prof. Jenislawski does a great job of explaining the three answers Paul gives in Galatians 3. Here are the three in a nutshell, taken from the handout (which is worth reading, by the way):
1. To prevent sin
Gal 3:19: “lt was added because of transgressions...
The most obvious rationale: God forbids certain behaviors in order to check evil.
2. To put to death self-righteousness
Gal 3:22: “But the scripture consigned all things to sin, that what was promised to faith in Jesus Christ might be given to those who believe.
Only when one knows just how sick one is, does one desire the physician.
Understanding the radical nature ofsin is an essential prerequisite to understanding the redemption that is offered in Jesus Christ.
3. To chaperone Israel during its youth
Gal 3:24: “the law was our custodian (paidagōgos = disciplinarian) until Christ came.
That's a great summary, and the rest of the handout serves as a good overview of Galatians 2-5 in general. Following those three major points, here's what Jenislawski said in his talk:
The next question is, “Why then the Law?” That’s Galatians 3:19. Because I imagine the Jews, the Jewish Christians, a little bit like the elder brother of the Prodigal Son, saying, “We’ve served you all these years, and now you’re telling us that to be justified before God you don’t have to keep the Law of Moses? What gives? What was its purpose? Just for nothing? Is God some kind of weird tyrant who says, ‘Today, if you want to be saved, stand on your left leg, and wear a funny hat. Tomorrow, three turtledoves’ It’s clearly not capricious or arbitrary, so what’s the purpose of the Law, if the Law doesn’t save?”
Do you see how that could be a natural question for Paul’s audience, who had previously been so Law-observant? So Paul gives three arguments for the Law. All of them show a sort of positive relationship between the Law, and the New Covenant of Jesus Christ. But all of them do this in a way that makes perfectly clear that it’s not like the Law begins to justify, and Christ finishes the job, or that the Law is sort of half of justification, or that justification is about the Law and Christ is a “plus One” on top of that, like cherry on the cake. There’s a certain relationship, but the Law does not justify. It only prepares for justification.
Paul steps through this in three steps. First argument for “why, then, the Law?” [is Galatians 3:19.] It was added because of transgressions. Why did God make so much Law? The same reason almost anybody makes law: people are doing stuff they shouldn’t be doing. That’s sort of a simple argument: since we’re pressed on time, I probably don’t have to further elaborate. If people weren’t sinning so much, God wouldn’t have to say “now, don’t do that, and don’t do that and don’t do that…” and there’s a lot of that in the Law of Moses. You can see that condemnation of people for doing bad things is important for getting them to ultimately do good things, but it’s not the same. Is that good?
Second, [Galatians 3:21], “is the Law against the promises of God? Certainly not.” So they’re not opposed. This is [Galatians 3:21-22]. “For if a law had been given which could make alive, then righteousness would indeed be by the Law. But the Scripture consigned all things to sin, that what was promised to faith in Jesus Christ might be given to those who believe.”
Now that’s a pretty radical statement. The Scripture consigned all things to sin, and by Scripture, he means the written Law of Moses, that’s what he’s talking about here, because this is an answer to “why, then, the Law?” So that’s pretty radical. What’s the purpose of the Law? To consign – RSV says “all things,” you could even read it “all” to sin. The second purpose of the Law is to say to Israel: SINNER! No, take it to heart, hear it one more time: SINNER! Sinner here, sinner there, that’s sin, that’s sin, that’s sin.
To be mean? No. Because only when Israel learns the radical nature of sinfulness can it appreciate what is offered in God’s grace. How often does Jesus in the Gospels attack self-righteousness? Not righteousness, but self-righteousness. “Because he wished to justify himself, he asked, ‘who is my neighbor?’” because that man wanted to come off squeaky clean, even though he hated Samaritans. Part of what Jesus does, constantly in the Gospel, is to teach people about the radical nature of sin. We can make the make the mess, and we can owe the debt, but we can’t pay it off by our own power. Only God’s grace can do that. God’s been trying to teach the human race that since Adam. And so an essential component leading up to understanding what is offered to you in the Cross of Christ, which is remission of your sins, and Redemption, justification, is understanding that it comes through grace and faith, and not by one’s own power.
Because a fallen man can do nothing to get himself out of the hole. And to do that, Israel had to be made constantly aware of its sinfulness. Because how often are the Jews, even with the sacrificial system, and the Ten Commandments, cheating on the Law and falling into this payoff mentality? “Ehhh, today not so good, extorted a bunch of poor people. Three oxen… done!” Kind of like you might do with MasterCard. $400 in debt, but okay, the bill comes, I cover it, I’m back to zero. That is not the relationship between a man’s sin and his power to get out of sin. It’s like stroking a check for $10 million on MasterCard, and the bill comes, and it’s like “Oh my gosh.” That’s why the Lord loves parables of crushing debtors. Remember the parable about the man who owes $10,000, and then he’s forgiven, and he throttles the guy who owes him a hundred? Or why Jesus who loves people who are in positions of medical infirmity who cannot be cured. Or prostitutes: once you’ve given yourself over to that kind of scarlet life, you can’t just do a series of actions, and get back to purity. Once you have leprosy, nothing under the sun can cure you (at least at that time). You have to have a certain kind of understanding that only God can make you whole. Or Augustine puts it this way: “Only once you know how sick you are do you ardently desire the physician.”
It’s a common mentality. Some people don’t like to go to the doctor: “ehhh, what’s he going to tell me? I don’t want to hear it.” And when the doctor tells you, “I’m sorry, you have cancer,” oh boy, do you sit up and take notice and love that physician. Because if you don’t, you’re dead. So the Scripture consigns all things to sin, lets people know the radical nature of sin, so that what was promised to faith in Christ may be given to those who believe.
So do you see how there’s kind of a dialectical relationship between the Law and Christ? The Law condemns precisely so Christ might bring justification. It’s not like one starts the process in a positive way, and the Other does the other 25%. The first one’s entirely negative: condemnation, so that once one’s on one’s knees, one can receive salvation from Christ.
Third argument gets us into what it means to be a good son or daughter of God, and the value of our human works. Paul says [Galatians 3:23-24], “before faith came, we were confined under the law, kept under restraint until faith should be revealed. So that the law was our ‘custodian,
” (says RSV, literally paidagōgostrainer of children, chaperone, you could say), “until Christ came, that we might be justified by faith.”
Third argument is that the Law was fitted for Israel in its infant and adolescent stage of covenant history. Now “pedagogy” means “the art of teaching,” that’s not what it means in ancient Greece. It’s literally “disciplinarian.” Somebody who’s Johnny’s chaperone. Didn’t teach him, but brought him to school each day, carried his books, made sure he didn’t play hookie, didn’t hang out with the other Greeks who were drinking too much wine, gave him a slap when he stepped out of line. Kept him on the right path so that in adolescence, he might grow to maturity one day, internalize virtue, and not need the chaperone anymore. So too was ancient Israel under the Law. All kinds of rules and regulations, and Israel chafed under it sometimes, as a teenager does his father’s rules and regulations. But the purpose of that is that someday, you wouldn’t say, “Dad, please come tell me it’s ten o’clock and time to go to bed.” The purpose is that someday you’d be without that chaperone and disciplinarian because the Law is written in your heart. You don’t need the artificial enforcements about what’s right and wrong. You do what’s right, and avoid what’s wrong. So the third argument is covenant-historical.
For whatever it's worth, the last of this arguments, the idea that the Law was our paidagōgos, is something I've talked about before.
1. Great recommendation!
I've just finished listening to talk there on Calvinism.
There's a really interesting bit during the Q&A where Dr. Marshner explains why so many Calvinists from New England became Universalists.
Hmmm...reminds me of a blog entry I read recently... ;-)
2. "Why Did the Law of Moses Exist?"
To act as a hedge for our protection (civil righteousness) and to act as a mirror to show us our sinfulness and great need of a Savior.
That's my Lutheran 2 cents.
3. Restless Pilgrim, do you remember the name of the talk?
Right on. The two reasons you cite are the first two of the reasons St. Paul and Prof. Jenislawski talk about (although his first point is a bit broader than "civil righteousness", it certainly includes that). In addition to those two, Galatians 3:24 says that the law was our paidagōgos. Actually, I imagine you'd get a lot out of the talk, since you're a guy who clearly loves the doctrine of justification by faith. I'm sure there are parts you'll disagree with, but for most of the talk, I think you'll come out seeing eye-to-eye.
In Christ,
4. I listened, Joe.
Not bad but not quite there.
We do have disagreements. The main one is that we believe the law is any demand which our existence places upon us and not merely the Mosaic Law.
This understanding changes everything. and when you have been freed of the demands of the law(in Christ)...there is no going back (to any demands).
Thanks, my friend. | http://catholicdefense.blogspot.com/2011/07/why-did-law-of-moses-exist.html | dclm-gs1-470375528 | false | false | {
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0.044713 | <urn:uuid:31e3b736-e4fa-4e3c-927a-7abb088d7b47> | en | 0.949598 | HOME > Chowhound > Dallas - Fort Worth >
Selling Bento containers in Dallas/Ft. Worth
• 9
As the popularity of bento lunches grows, I'm beginning to wonder if selling bento containers in the Dallas/Ft. Worth area would be worthwhile. There is really no good asian store that sells the fashionable bento boxes that are made in Japan - I had to go online to order mine and would have preferred to go somewhere local? A thought my husband and I had was that we could try it tupperware-party-style - have private parties to offer wares for sale while providing a demonstration of usage. Thoughts?
1. Click to Upload a photo (10 MB limit)
1. Did you try Shop Minoya in Plano? (Parker/Independece) They sell typical bento containers used in Japan.
1. How do you demo a bento box? I believe it would be self explanitory. What esle can you use a bento box for? A bento box does not hold wet things very well (soup or curries). In otherwords I see several drawbacks already. I might not be a connoisseur of bento boxes but I just don't see a big market in them. I will just stick with the lunchbox or Tupperware container for now.
I would think Minoya, Kazy's, and Super H Mart as wells as several others in town have bento boxes. I am not sure if they would be fashionable of course that is in the judgment of the person buying it.
3 Replies
1. re: LewisvilleHounder
Some bento boxes in Japan hold liquid very well (some are made specially for soup.) Many bento boxes are basically tupperware. Japanese bento boxes look like these (not something you might have seen at restaurants here).
Some are thermo and keep the food warm.
People take these to work, picnic, etc. Everyone in Japan took home-made bentos to school at one point in their childhood.
1. re: kuidaore
I think there might be a market or bento meals stylized more like the homemakers in japan might do for their children. kuidaore has shown a delightful site that gives nice elaborate examples of the kyarben, or culinary artistic renditions of their favorite cartoon characters in the form of rice and other delicious goods in the bento. A true art form. As noted in my url added below, you can see the hours involved in creating these hyper lunch boxes to please their children.
I would think these would go over HUGE in a place like Dallas. Start by visiting the American Girl store at the Galleria where you have high dollar lunches with your even higher dollar doll, followed by an even higher dollar make over for the doll. You will see hairstylists for these dolls, amazing. PT Barnum said it right about the sucker.
1. re: kuidaore
If you had/have ever worked for a Japanese Company (as I have many years ago), a Bento Box is an oval or rectangular box with a full meal portioned off inside. These boxes are different than what we American's are typical "separate compartment" boxes.
All Japanese workers are delivered a lunch - from a restaurant usually - and they eat their "boxed" lunch at their desk in a minute or two and get back to work. Some women in these companies are not entitled to receive the free luncheon delivery and they bring their own lunches in an oval box for themselves... Sort of like preparing your childrens' lunch, adult style, to take to school. Us gringo's were allowed to bring our own lunch or go out for 1/2 an hour.
Most of the Bento boxes we see are, I imagine Americanized for us.
2. Kazy's has a very large bento collection on the second floor - that where I got mine. They do have boxes from Japan, but they're mixed with ones made in China or elsewhere so you have to check the stickers on them.
I thought they would be fun to use as well, but I have to admit they sit barely used. When I feel for bento, I've been going to Sushi Robata.
1. Wanted to find real0314 to discuss her biz venture in May '09 post
1. This is way late but here's a cool place to shop....
CPAPC Restaurant Supply
3212 East Belt Line Road
Farmers Branch, TX 75234-2345
(972) 620-3030
1. CPAPC actually moved and is now called Lonestar. They have two locations that sell bento boxes. One in Arlington:
And the other in Carrollton: | http://chowhound.chow.com/topics/623831 | dclm-gs1-470415528 | false | false | {
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0.12274 | <urn:uuid:b28012a5-2c4d-42a1-a3f0-0e8ac81d3d85> | en | 0.982207 | HOME > Chowhound > Greater Boston Area >
Konditor Meister
Friends brought individual pastries (small canolis, cream puffs, a chocolate layered sin) from here the other day, and I was pleasantly surprised at the excellence of each one. So often those which are pretty to look at are disappointingly tasteless, but these were crave-worthy. In searching for Konditor Meister in Chowhound, I was astonished to see it only mentioned twice. These pastries and goodies were exceptional.
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1. Got another special-occasion cake from these folks recently; very pleased as always.
1 Reply
1. have worked many events where these cakes are brought in. indeed pretty, but i find the frostings achingly sweet. cake texture quite nice though, unlike many bakery cakes.
1. Their cakes are wonderful. A friend always gets the mocha-chocolate cake with chocolate dipped strawberries topping it on his birthday. Moist, many-layered, delicious.
1 Reply
1. re: Boston_Otter
I've always liked everything from here. Aesthetically beautiful and delish.
2. There are 49 results using Advanced Search.
1. Our strawberries-and-Grand-Marnier wedding cake from KM was both delicious and -- because it didn't have fondant, which has somehow become the wedding cake go-to despite the fact that it tastes like spackle -- quite lovely to look at.
1. I ordered my wedding cake here as well. It was not only delicious but beautiful too. Forgot they did pastries, worth checking them out when I'm out that way.
1. I'm not a fan. Find their frostings distinctly waxy, but it's been a while.
1. They made my Daughter's wedding cake, which at first I was a little against, but it turned out fabulous. Not one piece left, and I noticed no one left it on their plates. We've had very good luck with them.
1. These have been long known in my family as the best cakes for events. The whipped cream frosting is best for anyone who hates sickly sweet buttercream.
8 Replies
1. re: Bugsey34
It's the sickly sweet butter cream that I have had from KM and has always turned me off.
1. re: MC Slim JB
Their version of the strawberry shortcake with whipped cream "frosting" (not sure what they call it) is OUTSTANDING! Vanialla cake isn't one of my favorites, but I make an exception for this!
I also like the "non-traditional" version of strawberry shortcake they do at Guarino's in Norwood - they use chocolate cake instead of vanilla.
1. re: MC Slim JB
Coincidence of coincidences, someone brought one of these in for work today. MUCH better than the other KM cakes I have had in the past. A bit too sweet for my taste, but I must say pretty darned good. I stand corrected.
1. re: StriperGuy
How does one get a job at a place where people bring in cakes like this? My line of work is entirely cakefree.
1. re: FoodDabbler
My work is nuts, three employees bake FREQUENTLY and donuts at least 3 times a month. Miracle I don't weigh 400 pounds.
2. re: StriperGuy
You have to take their cakes out of the refig for at least 30 minutes before eating. Otherwise you will think it is waxy. The cakes are great and they sell smaller ones at decent prices.
1. re: libertywharf
Sorry, on the butter creams I beg to differ. An hour out of the fridge and they are still waxy,
2. Konditor Meister is just down the street from my office so we have their cakes/pastries fairly frequently. I'm not a fan of most of their frostings and so don't care too much for some of their cakes, but I love their carrot cake with cream cheese frostings, and their pastries, as they're not heavy with frosting. My preference for bakery products is actually O'Briens in the vicinity of the BJ's in Quincy. Their mocha cakes are worth a drive.
1. We tasted cakes at three bakeries when my son was getting married. Konditor Meister was at the bottom. We went with Dreamworks in Norwood. The cake was beautiful - ask about the chocolate butterflies-- and so delicious that guest were coming back for seconds! Also the tasting experience was so wonderful at Dreamworks and not so much at Konditor because ultimately it is a "cake factorY. I don't think it deserves its reputation.
4 Replies
1. re: melachap
I've never been to dreamworks but I know norwood is full of great mom and pop eateries. Guarano's bakery is great. Spell check. The tasting experience at konditor meister is wonderful. I had coffee next door for years with a large group from my gym. Someone was always getting a cake from konditor and all were great. I've dealt with many brides who got their cakes from there, and again all happy. They're not cheap but they deliver on their quality.
1. re: libertywharf
FYI, Mrs. Guarino is originally from "God's county" - like me! ; )
1. re: southie_chick
I went to guarino's a few Mondays ago and it was closed. Bummer. Went to the mug and muffin and it was great.
1. re: libertywharf
Sorry liberty, maybe I shoulda mentioned they're closed on Mondays (& close early on Sunday too).
2. I'm probably the only person in Massachusetts who despises KM cakes.
9 Replies
1. re: typhoonfish
I am not a fan of their butter cream in particular. Recently had their whipped cream frosting and found it WAY too sweet, and they had clearly stabilized it with something, which I don't care for either.
I'm with you. I do not think their stuff is really quality baking. Gloppy, too much frosting, waxy buttercreams that are fine on a wedding table for 4 hours on a hot day, but they don't actually TASTE that good.
Generally when someone offers me a KM cake, buttercream in particular, I won't even taste a slice.
1. re: typhoonfish
I wouldn't say I despise them, but years ago I did a pretty extensive tasting of cakes to be a vendor for an event facility I was managing and KM was not at all impressive.
1. re: Chris VR
Well, they're not for everyone and at times I'll admit theyre too sweet. Another nice alternative is Fratelli's in Quincy behind the police station.
1. re: libertywharf
As much as I really like Fratelli's, and go there all the time for coffee, they are not in the same league as KM when it comes to specialty cakes. Each place has its pluses and minuses and I like them both.
1. re: CocoDan
Yes you are right about the specialty cake part. But km also does a walk in business. My comment earlier about having cakes with coffee next door, was always with just buying a cake at the counter. Fratelli's cakes are on par to this end of km's business. Fratelli's half moons are only second to lyndell's IMHO
1. re: libertywharf
Gotta +1 you there on Fratelli's liberty - haven't tried the half moons yet, but I do like their eclairs (both regular & French, which have BOTH the custard & real whipped cream in the middle).
My hubby, who's not a big cake fan, will usually only request a cake from 3 places - Fratelli's, Guarino's, or Rebecca's chocolate mousse cake (he doesn't like their other cakes). He thought the strawberry shortcake from KM I had for my bridal shower was OK, but he said the chocolate nightmare cake from Fratelli's was better. He said the presentation from KM was better, but the crumb / texture & frosting for the Fratelli's cake was better.
1. re: southie_chick
Southie chick: funny and true story. The old golds gym in Braintree was having a customer appreciation party. In come the pastries from Montillios and I said too bad they weren't from fratelli's. Turns out the women delivering the pastries were the Montillio twins and my foot was in my mouth. I lived in Quincy for several years and fratellis was a regular visit.
2. re: typhoonfish
No you're not. I love how their cakes are decorated, but everything else is overrated IMO.
1. re: xo_kizzy_xo
Agree that the decorations are very cool, just wish they tasted better.
3. We use KM for our wedding (12 years ago) and were well pleased. A word of warning, however: We had a morning tasting appointment, didn't have breakfast first, and spent a pleasant hour tasting samples and drinking coffee. By the time we got out of there, I was so wired I could barely drive. | http://chowhound.chow.com/topics/859808 | dclm-gs1-470435528 | false | false | {
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0.029869 | <urn:uuid:57901320-af7f-45df-a162-82003f387b07> | en | 0.796054 |
Man snacks are snacks eaten by men, usually while watching sport and/or drinking beer.
To be defined as a man snack, the foodstuff must be either a) salty, b) fatty and/or c) meaty.
Women are forbidden from eating man snacks.
Chips, nachos, nuts, bacon are all examples of man snacks.
af The Day The Music Died 24. juni 2008
Words related to mansnack
snack food item man manly man snack man-snack random
Another name for a girl's boyfriend, lover or toy.
Noun: "WHOA! Check out that chick's mansnack!"
Adjective: "Yes, I'm her mansnack now."
af LewsTherin12 14. januar 2008
When two (Heterosexual) men have each simultaneously eat a separate piece of food. It must be done at a place of work during a break. Only men may do this.
Bob I'm hungry, Let's have a man snack
af Bob2011 22. februar 2011
(Noun) A snack that is considered more "manly" than other snacks.
Jared: Dude look at that beef jerky!
Eric: I know right! It's such a Mansnack!
af RedMelon 7. april 2010
A straight male who sometimes indulges in "man snacks" or homosexual activity. Can also be woman snacks.
David is Harrison your daily man snack?
af Lashanique 23. juni 2007 | http://da.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=mansnack | dclm-gs1-470645528 | false | false | {
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0.024036 | <urn:uuid:17f6de95-df09-4ed4-bc58-1fbef58433d5> | en | 0.948055 | John Samples | All Articles
John Samples
John Samples
Director, The Cato Institute's Center for Representative Government
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John Samples
Blame campaign finance crusaders for IRS mess
In early 2010, the U.S. Supreme Court decided Citizens United, which prevents the federal government from suppressing speech by businesses and other groups. The decision freed up so-called “super PACs,” which are widely regarded as having had a pernicious influence on the last several political cycles.
Is there a libertarian case for Rick Santorum?
4:29 PM 02/08/2012
Rick Santorum had a somewhat super Tuesday on February 7th. He won all three Republican presidential primaries, thereby reviving a campaign that had failed to follow up on his victory in Iowa. Santorum could become the sole alternative to Romney for the Republican nomination. If that happens, he could become the GOP nominee in 2012. Should libertarians vote for him?
The non-war war in Libya
1:27 PM 06/17/2011
The war in Libya is starting to be a political mess for the Obama administration. Speaker John Boehner has sent the White House a letter demanding some justification for the war in light of the War Powers Resolution (but not, unfortunately, in light of Article I of the Constitution).
Why the Libyan war is unconstitutional
6:40 PM 03/22/2011
War is commonly defined as “a state of usually open and declared armed hostile conflict between states or nations.” By that definition, the United States and its allies have been at war with Libya since late last week. “At my direction,” President Obama told Congress, “U.S. military forces commenced operations” in Libya.
DISCLOSE will chill speech
12:00 AM 04/27/2010
| http://dailycaller.com/author/jsamples/ | dclm-gs1-470655528 | false | false | {
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0.026042 | <urn:uuid:81c20382-ebd8-443e-852b-81e2055acb83> | en | 0.953446 |
First, let’s dispense with the idea that America can’t lead. The American economy is more than one-third larger than the second- and third-largest, China’s and Japan’s, combined. The dollar is the world’s currency. When they get nervous, central bankers all over the globe buy U.S. Treasuries, no matter how low the yield is. America, and only America, can lead.
But we didn’t and we haven’t. Our last G-20 initiative, to fight government intervention in currency markets, went nowhere. One reason it went nowhere was suspicion that the real American goal was not to uphold the principle of open competition but rather to devalue the dollar. This suspicion turned into open accusation when the Federal Reserve moved to dump yet more dollars into the international system.
So the U.S. switched from exchange rates to demanding limits on trade imbalances, as measured by the current account. This at least was mentioned by the G-20, but not a single action was taken by the group or any individual member. Nor should action be expected. Again, a key reason is lack of American leadership.
Global imbalances stem first from imbalances in the U.S., as by far the largest economy. We haven’t saved enough. The economic crisis spurred ordinary Americans into saving, but the federal government immediately spent more to make up for it. Efforts to limit global imbalances run headlong into huge American budget deficits and extremely loose money that are explicitly intended to increase the American demand that is the single biggest factor in imbalances in the first place.
Statists in the U.S. cling to the argument that, someday, huge budget deficits and wildly loose money will bring unemployment down. Even if you think the jury’s still out on that one, the verdict has come in another count: America has chosen to put aside its mantle of global economic leader.
To add insult to injury, the U.S. apparently can’t even lead in a bilateral context. The anticipated trade agreement with South Korea, known as KORUS, didn’t materialize either. KORUS would have been a signal to the world that America can move forward on trade. But either President Obama doesn’t want to lead or he’s so politically dependent on protectionists at home that he can’t. In any case, vague statements out of Seoul don’t obscure the clear picture of self-inflicted American weakness. | http://dailysignal.com/2010/11/12/america-declines-to-lead/ | dclm-gs1-470675528 | false | false | {
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0.298017 | <urn:uuid:bd5d40a6-bebe-4319-80c7-d4ecc0991895> | en | 0.715439 | How Good Is This?
>> a = 79.99 * 100
=> 7999.0
>> a.floor
=> 7998
>> b = 7999.0
=> 7999.0
>> b.floor
=> 7999
I’ll tell you. It’s not good. I hate floating point calculations. Happy new year!
18 Comments (Closed)
Wow! That’s a problem. Also, a == b returns false. This seems like a Ruby bug to me.
WyattWyatt at 02.01.08 / 13PM
When I try this in the Firebug console, I actually get a value of 7998.999999 for the first calculation, which explains the weird a.floor result… Doesn’t make things any better though.
RonRon at 02.01.08 / 13PM
No, this is not a bug. It’s just the nature of floating point math. If you need to compare floats, then you need to use a delta (Google for “ruby floating point compare” or something like that).
JeremyJeremy at 02.01.08 / 13PM
No, you’re right. It’s not a bug. It’s what most languages do with floating points. It’s more of a gotcha.
The thing that I thought was odd was that Ruby shows the result of the first calculation as you’d like rather than doing what JavaScript does (7998.999999) but the underlying number is actually more like 7998.99999 than the 7999.0 that Ruby tells you it is. I just found that misleading.
DanDan at 02.01.08 / 14PM
I can’t try this out right here, but can you tell me what happens when you do this? >> c = 79.99 * 100.0 => ? >> c.floor => ?
JaapJaap at 02.01.08 / 14PM
Yup… good gotchas indeed! In the same vein: require 'math' =>true (log(1000)/log(10)+1).to_i =>3 1000.to_s.size =>4 :(
BlackPignoufBlackPignouf at 02.01.08 / 15PM
Jaap: you get 7998 again but if you do 799.9 * 10.0 and floor that you get 7999. This kind of thing is what always happens though. Its just Ruby’s inspect looking correct that confused me.
DanDan at 02.01.08 / 16PM
If you need closer to exact floating point calculations without the rounding error, try the ruby BigDecimal library. It appears to use an internal string representation of floating point numbers, and uses them for calculation, so there is no ‘machine delta’ problem. It is a bit slower than straight floating point math, but if the result being accurate is more important…
korishevkorishev at 02.01.08 / 17PM
Hola, soy Herzeleyd y estoy buscando diseñadores para crear un logo de mi web, todo lo que pido y ofrezco lo podreis encontrar aquí
Espero que no os incomode el mensaje.
Cualquier diseñador, amigo, blogger o lo que sea que conozcais, que pudiera estar dispuesto a presentar un logo, sería de gran ayuda. Cuanta más gente lo sepa y pueda ayudar, mucho mejor.
Muchas gracias a tod@s.
HerzeleydHerzeleyd at 03.01.08 / 20PM
Hi Dan, I get the same thing in python:
import math a = 79.99 * 100 math.floor(a) 7998.0 b = 7999.0 math.floor(b) 7999.0
Gary Stidston-BroadbentGary Stidston-Broadbent at 05.01.08 / 14PM
Go with BigDecimal.
ynwynw at 07.01.08 / 23PM
Hi there, same happens in matlab, which is meant for technical computing. a = 79.99*100 b = 7999 floor(a) = 7998 floor(b) = 7999 When I subtract both number (b-a) I get a difference of 9.094947017729282e-013 which is 2^12 times the machine precision. I know its a gotcha in floating point arithmetic but it would be cool if someone could give a thorough explanation of what exactly “goes wrong” here.
JeroenJeroen at 09.01.08 / 10AM
Jeroen, Wikipedia is your friend And they can explain floating point accuracy problems much better than I.
korishevkorishev at 13.01.08 / 06AM
And, confirming what Wikipedia states, Perl (actually the POSIX math library so this affects C as well) has the same rounding trouble. Cranking up the precision here to expose it:
$ perl -e ‘use POSIX qw(floor); $a=79.99*100; printf “a=.22f\nfloor(a)=.22f\n”, $a, floor($a);$b=7999.0; printf “b=.22f\nfloor(b)=.22f\n”, $b, floor($b);’
Outputs: a=7998.9999999999990905052982 floor(a)=7998.0000000000000000000000 b=7999.0000000000000000000000 floor(b)=7999.0000000000000000000000
SteveSteve at 17.01.08 / 21PM
Great :). Happy new year too you. Greetings
NoclegiNoclegi at 19.01.08 / 16PM
Thanks korishev, interesting stuff …
JeroenJeroen at 21.01.08 / 12PM
For what it’s worth, some microprocessors have had BCD (binary coded decimal) modes. The 6502 was one.
timothytoetimothytoe at 01.02.08 / 21PM
Floating points are approximations, always have been. You need to do some magic to compare them, but it’s possible. There is a short book floating around somewhere called “what every computer science major should know about floating points” or something like that. It’s helpful if you can find it.
Xac StegnerXac Stegner at 24.03.08 / 23PM
About This Article | http://danwebb.net/2008/1/2/how-good-is-this | dclm-gs1-470695528 | false | false | {
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0.018669 | <urn:uuid:698133f2-080a-4118-a506-fc76adb978fc> | en | 0.937436 | Stories We Like: Novels For Language Lovers
heavy going
Also, heavy weather.
Difficult, as in Tom found calculus heavy going, or It's going to be heavy weather for us from here on. The first expression originally referred to a road or path that was hard to negotiate; the variant alludes to bad weather at sea. [ Mid-1800s ]
make heavy weather of. Make hard work or a fuss over something, especially unnecessarily. For example, They made heavy weather of the differences between their proposals, which actually seemed much alike. This use of weather likens a commotion to a storm. [ Mid-1900s ]
The American Heritage® Idioms Dictionary
Cite This Source
Word of the Day
Word Value for heavy
Scrabble Words With Friends | http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/heavy%20going | dclm-gs1-470795528 | false | false | {
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0.031591 | <urn:uuid:f9e3c9c8-b380-48cc-bbf7-48ef57535bb6> | en | 0.882964 | Peak uranium
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Peak uranium is the point in time that the maximum global uranium production rate is reached. After that peak, according to Hubbert peak theory, the rate of production enters a terminal decline. While uranium is used in nuclear weapons, its primary use is for energy generation via nuclear fission of the uranium-235 isotope in a nuclear power reactor.[1] Each kilogram of uranium-235 fissioned releases the energy equivalent of millions of times its mass in chemical reactants, as much energy as 2700 tons of coal, but uranium-235 is only 0.7% of the mass of natural uranium.[2] Uranium-235 is a finite non-renewable resource.[1][3] However, the current reserves of uranium have the potential (assuming breeder reactor technology) to provide power for humanity for billions of years, until the death of our sun, so nuclear power can be termed sustainable energy.[4] Observers contend that idea of "energy independence" is an unrealistic concept in relation with Liquid metal fast breeder reactor.[5]
M. King Hubbert created his peak theory in 1956 for a variety of finite resources such as coal, oil, and natural gas.[6] He and others since have argued that if the nuclear fuel cycle can be closed, uranium could become equivalent to renewable energy sources as concerns its availability.[7] Breeding and nuclear reprocessing potentially would allow the extraction of the largest amount of energy from natural uranium. However, only a small amount of uranium is currently being bred into plutonium and only a small amount of fissile uranium and plutonium is being recovered from nuclear waste worldwide. Furthermore, the technologies to completely eliminate the waste in the nuclear fuel cycle do not yet exist.[8][dead link] Since the nuclear fuel cycle is effectively not closed, Hubbert peak theory applies. The rate of discovery and the rate of production which initially increase must reach a maximum and decline. The rate at which uranium can be bred and the rate at which fuel can be reprocessed cannot indefinitely suffice to meet the growing gap between demand and the rate that uranium can be mined.
Pessimistic predictions of future high-grade uranium production operate on the thesis that either the peak has already occurred in the 1980s or that a second peak may occur sometime around 2035.
In 2011, the identified Uranium resources recoverable at USD 130/kg were 5.3 million tons [9] and annual consumption was 65,000 tons, providing sufficient reserves for 81 years ignoring growth. Nuclear reactors provided 375 GWe of electricity capacity.
Optimistic predictions are based upon 3 factors: 1) Light Water Reactors only consume about half of one percent of their uranium fuel while fast breeder reactors will consume closer to 99%, 2) current reserves of U are about 5.3 million tons, however 4000 million tons of Uranium are available from sea water at about twice the current price of Uranium OECD Redbook 2011 (doubling the price of Uranium would increase the price of nuclear electricity by about 5%), 3) Thorium (3-4 times as abundant as Uranium) can be used when supplies of Uranium are depleted. These three factors increase the supply of nuclear fuel by about 500,000 times (2 * 99 * 4000/5.3 * 3.5). Given that the current supply of Uranium will fuel 375 reactors with 1 GWe capacity for about 81 years, these three factors imply that 900,000 reactors (375 * 2500) could be fueled for 16,000 years (81 * 200). Thus even though we are limited to running 900,000 reactors for 16,000 years, many people would regard nuclear as a sustainable fuel source given that an alternative, perhaps fusion, could be developed some time in the next 16,000 years.
Optimistic predictions claim that the supply is far more than demand and do not predict peak uranium. Peak uranium is not about running out of uranium, but the peaking and subsequent decline of the production rate of uranium.[citation needed]
Uranium depletion is the result of extracting and consuming uranium, a non-renewable resource. The availability of high-grade uranium ore will deplete over time meaning the fuel will become more environmentally and economically expensive to extract.[10]
Hubbert's peak and uranium[edit]
Uranium-235, the fissile isotope of uranium used in nuclear reactors, makes up about 0.72% of uranium from ore. It is the only naturally-occurring isotope capable of directly generating nuclear power, and is a finite, non-renewable resource. It is believed that its availability follows M. King Hubbert's peak theory, which was developed to describe peak oil. Hubbert saw oil as a resource which would soon run out, but he believed that uranium had much more promise as an energy source,[6] and that breeder reactors and nuclear reprocessing, which were new technologies at the time, would allow uranium to be a power source for a very long time. The technologies Hubbert envisioned would substantially reduce the rate of depletion of uranium-235, but they are still more costly than the "once-through" cycle, and have not been widely deployed to date.[11] If these and other more costly technologies such as seawater extraction are used, the Hubbert peak would be extended into the very distant future.
According to the Hubbert Peak Theory, Hubbert's peaks are the points where production of a resource, has reached its maximum, and from then on, the rate of resource production enters a terminal decline. After a Hubbert's peak, the rate of supply of a resource no longer fulfills the previous demand rate.[12] As a result of the law of supply and demand, at this point the market shifts from a buyer's market [13] to a seller's market.[14]
Many countries are not able to supply their own uranium demands any longer and must import uranium from other countries. Thirteen countries have hit peak and exhausted their uranium resources.[15][16]
Uranium demand[edit]
World consumption of primary energy by energy type in terawatts (TW)[17]
The world demand for uranium in 1996 was over 68 kilotonnes (150×10^6 lb) per year,[18] and that number is expected to increase to between 80 kilotonnes (180×10^6 lb) and 100 kilotonnes (220×10^6 lb) per year by 2025 due to the number of new nuclear power plants coming on line.[19]
According to Cameco Corporation, the demand for uranium is directly linked to the amount of electricity generated by nuclear power plants. Reactor capacity is growing slowly, reactors are being run more productively, with higher capacity factors, and reactor power levels. Improved reactor performance translates into greater uranium consumption.[20]
Nuclear power stations of 1000 megawatt electrical generation capacity require around 200 tonnes (440×10^3 lb) of uranium per year. For example, the United States has 103 operating reactors with an average generation capacity of 950 MWe demanded over 22 kilotonnes (49×10^6 lb) of uranium in 2005.[21] As the number of nuclear power plants increase, so does the demand for uranium.
Another factor to consider is population growth. Electricity consumption is determined in part by economic and population growth. According to data from the CIA's World Factbook, the world population currently (July 2012 est.) is more than 7 Billion and it is increasing by 1.167% per year. This means a growth of about 211,000 persons every day.[22] According to the UN, by 2050 it is estimated that the Earth's population will be 9.07 billion.[23] That's 37% increase from today. 62% of the people will live in Africa, Southern Asia and Eastern Asia.[24] The largest energy-consuming class in the history of earth is being produced in world’s most populated countries, China and India. Both plan massive nuclear energy expansion programs. China intends to build 32 nuclear plants with 40,000 MWe capacity by 2020.[25] According to the World Nuclear Association, India plans on bringing 20,000 MWe nuclear capacity on line by 2020, and aims to supply 25% of electricity from nuclear power by 2050.[26] The World Nuclear Association believes nuclear energy could reduce the fossil fuel burden of generating the new demand for electricity.[27]
As more fossil fuels are used to supply the growing energy needs of an increasing population, the more greenhouse gases are produced. Some proponents of nuclear power believe that building more nuclear power plants can reduce greenhouse emissions.[28] For example, the Swedish utility Vattenfall studied the full life cycle emissions of different ways to produce electricity, and concluded that nuclear power produced 3.3 g/kWh of carbon dioxide, compared to 400.0 for natural gas and 700.0 for coal.[29] However, more recent studies have shown that coal produces closer to 1000 g/kWh of carbon dioxide, and that nuclear powers emissions are comparable to conventional renewable energy sources, with both being in the range of ~16 g/kWh.[citation needed]
As world oil is expected to peak early this century,[citation needed] alternatives for gasoline and diesel for powering transportation are being sought. One of the promising solutions is hybrid and electric vehicles. Some experts believe that these vehicles will require 160 new power plants.[30] Others believe none.[citation needed] The true figure lies somewhere between.[31]
As countries are not able to supply their own needs economically from their own mines have resorted to importing better grades of uranium from elsewhere. For example, owners of U.S. nuclear power reactors bought 67 million pounds (30 kt) of uranium in 2006. Out of that 84%, or 56 million pounds (25 kt), were imported from foreign suppliers, according to the Energy Department.[32]
Uranium supply[edit]
Main article: Uranium market
Uranium occurs naturally in many rocks, and even in seawater. However, like other metals, it is seldom sufficiently concentrated to be economically recoverable.[33] Like any resource, uranium cannot be mined at any desired concentration. No matter the technology, at some point it is too costly to mine lower grade ores. One highly criticized[34] life cycle study by Jan Willem Storm van Leeuwen suggested that below 0.01–0.02% (100-200 ppm) in ore, the energy required to extract and process the ore to supply the fuel, operate reactors and dispose properly comes close to the energy gained by burning the uranium in the reactor.[35] Researchers at the Paul Scherrer Institute who analyzed the Jan Willem Storm van Leeuwen paper however have detailed the number of incorrect assumptions of Jan Willem Storm van Leeuwen that led them to this evaluation, including their assumption that all the energy used in the mining of Olympic Dam is energy used in the mining of Uranium, when that mine is predominately a copper mine and uranium is produced only as a co-product, along with gold and other metals.[34] The report by Jan Willem Storm van Leeuwen also assumes that all enrichment is done in the older and more energy intensive gaseous diffusion technology, however the less energy intensive gas centrifuge technology has produced the majority of the world's enriched uranium now for a number of decades.
An appraisal of nuclear power by a team at MIT in 2003, and updated in 2009, have stated that:[36]
Most commentators conclude that a half century of unimpeded growth is possible, especially since resources costing several hundred dollars per kilogram (not estimated in the Red Book) would also be economically usable...We believe that the world-wide supply of uranium ore is sufficient to fuel the deployment of 1000 reactors over the next half century.
In the early days of the nuclear industry, uranium was thought to be very scarce, so a closed fuel cycle would be needed. Fast breeder reactors would be needed to create nuclear fuel for other power producing reactors. In the 1960s, new discoveries of reserves, and new uranium enrichment techniques allayed these concerns.[37]
Mining companies usually consider concentrations greater than 0.075% (750 ppm) as ore, or rock economical to mine at current uranium market prices.[38] There is around 40 trillion tons of uranium in Earth's crust, but most is distributed at low parts per million trace concentration over its 3 * 1019 ton mass.[39][40] Estimates of the amount concentrated into ores affordable to extract for under $130 per kg can be less than a millionth of that total.[15]
Uranium Grades[41]
Source Concentration
Very high-grade ore - 20% U 200,000 ppm U
High-grade ore - 2% U 20,000 ppm U
Low-grade ore - 0.1% U 1,000 ppm U
Very low-grade ore - 0.01% U 100 ppm U
Granite 4-5 ppm U
Sedimentary rock 2 ppm U
Earth's continental crust (av) 2.8 ppm U
Seawater 0.003 ppm U
According to the OECD Redbook, the world consumed 67 kilotonnes (150×10^6 lb) of uranium in 2002. Of that, 36 kilotonnes (79×10^6 lb) was produced from primary sources, with the balance coming from secondary sources, in particular stockpiles of natural and enriched uranium, decommissioned nuclear weapons, the reprocessing of natural and enriched uranium and the re-enrichment of depleted uranium tails.[42]
Economically extractable reserves of uranium (0.01% ore or better)[43]
Ore concentration tonnes of uranium Ore type
> 1% 10000 vein deposits
0.2% - 1% 2 million pegmatites,unconformity deposits
0.1% - 0.2% 80 million fossil placers, sandstones
0.02% - 0.1% 100 million lower grade fossil placers, sandstones
100 - 200 ppm 2 billion volcanic deposits
The table above assumes the fuel will be used in a LWR burner. Uranium becomes far more economical when used in a fast burner reactor such as the Integral Fast Reactor.
Main article: Uranium mining
10 countries are responsible for 94 % of the global uranium extraction.
World production of uranium 1995-2006[44]
Peak uranium refers to the peak of the entire planet's uranium production. Like other Hubbert peaks, the rate of uranium production on Earth will enter a terminal decline. According to Robert Vance of the OECD's Nuclear Energy Agency, the world production rate of uranium has already reached its peak in 1980, amounting to 69,683 tonnes (150×10^6 lb) of U3O8 from 22 countries. However, this is not due to lack of production capacity. Historically, uranium mines and mills around the world have operated at about 76% of total production capacity, varying within a range of 57% and 89%. The fact that production has never matched capacity is largely attributable to the uranium industry having to lower output to match demand for primary supply. Slower growth of nuclear power and competition from secondary supply significantly reduced demand for freshly mined uranium, until very recently. Secondary supplies include military and commercial inventories, enriched uranium tails, reprocessed uranium and mixed oxide fuel.[45]
According to data from the International Atomic Energy Agency, world production of mined uranium has peaked twice in the past: once, circa 1960 in response to stockpiling for military use, and again in 1980, in response to stockpiling for use in commercial nuclear power. Up until about 1990, the mined uranium production was in excess of consumption by power plants. But since 1990, consumption by power plants has outstripped the uranium being mined; the deficit being made up by liquidation of the military (through decommissioning of nuclear weapons) and civilian stockpiles. Uranium mining has increased since the mid-1990s, but is still less than the consumption by power plants.[46]
The world's top uranium producers are Canada (28% of world production) and Australia (23%). Other major producers include Kazakhstan, Russia, Namibia and Niger.[47] In 1996, the world produced 39 kilotonnes (86×10^6 lb) of Uranium.[48] In 2005, the world produced a peak of 41,720 tonnes (92×10^6 lb) of uranium,[44] although the production continues not to meet demand. Only 62% of the requirements of power utilities are supplied by mines. The balance comes from inventories held by utilities and other fuel cycle companies, inventories held by governments, used reactor fuel that has been reprocessed, recycled materials from military nuclear programs and uranium in depleted uranium stockpiles.[49] The plutonium from dismantled Cold War nuclear weapon stockpiles will be exhausted by 2013. The industry is trying to find and develop new uranium mines, mainly in Canada, Australia and Kazakhstan. However, those under development will fill only half the current gap.[50]
Of the ten largest uranium mines in the world (Mc Arthur River, Ranger, Rossing, Kraznokamensk, Olympic Dam, Rabbit Lake, Akouta, Arlit, Beverly, and McClean Lake), by 2020, six will be depleted, two will be in their final stages, one will be upgrading and one will be producing.[51]
World primary mining production fell 5% in 2006 over that in 2005. The biggest producers, Canada and Australia saw falls of 15% and 20%, with only Kazakhstan showing an increase of 21%.[52] This can be explained by two major events that have slowed world uranium production. Canada's Cameco mine at Cigar Lake is the largest, highest-grade uranium mine in the world. In 2006 it flooded, and then flooded again in 2008 (after Cameco had spent $43 million—most of the money set aside—to correct the problem), causing Cameco to push back its earliest start-up date for Cigar Lake to 2011.[53] Also, in March 2007, the market endured another blow when a cyclone struck the Ranger mine in Australia, which produces 5,500 tonnes (12×10^6 lb) of uranium a year. The mine's owner, Energy Resources of Australia, declared force majeure on deliveries and said production would be impacted into the second half of 2007.[54] This caused some to speculate that peak uranium has arrived.[55]
Primary sources[edit]
About 96% of the global uranium reserves are found in these ten countries: Australia, Canada, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Namibia, Uzbekistan, USA, Niger, and Russia[56] Out of those Canada (28% of world production) and Australia (23%) are the major producers.[47] In 1996, the world produced 39,000 tonnes of Uranium.[57] And in 2005, the world produced a peak of 41,720 tonnes of uranium,[44] although the production continues to not meet demand.
Various agencies have tried to estimate how long these primary resources will last, assuming a once-through cycle. The European Commission said in 2001 that at the current level of uranium consumption, known uranium resources would last 42 years. When added to military and secondary sources, the resources could be stretched to 72 years. Yet this rate of usage assumes that nuclear power continues to provide only a fraction of the world’s energy supply. If electric capacity were increased six-fold, then the 72-year supply would last just 12 years.[58] The world's present measured resources of uranium, economically recoverable at a price of 130 USD/kg according to the industry groups Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), are enough to last for "at least a century" at current consumption rates.[59][60] According to the World Nuclear Association, yet another industry group, assuming the world's current rate of consumption at 66,500 tonnes of Uranium per year and the world's present measured resources of uranium (4.7 Mt - 5.5 Mt[59]) are enough to last for some 70 – 80 years.[61]
Reserves are the most readily available resources. Resources that are known to exist and easy to mine are called "Known conventional resources". Resources that are thought to exist but have not been mined are classified under "Undiscovered conventional resources".[62]
The known uranium resources represent a higher level of assured resources than is normal for most minerals. Further exploration and higher prices will certainly, on the basis of present geological knowledge, yield further resources as present ones are used up. There was very little uranium exploration between 1985 and 2005, so the significant increase in exploration effort that we are now seeing could readily double the known economic resources. On the basis of analogies with other metal minerals, a doubling of price from price levels in 2007 could be expected to create about a tenfold increase in measured resources, over time.[63]
Known conventional resources[edit]
Known conventional resources are "Reasonably Assured Resources" and "Estimated Additional Resources-I".[62]
In 2006, about 4 million tons of conventional resources were thought to be sufficient at current consumption rates for about six decades (4.06 million tonnes at 65,000 tones per year).[64] In 2011, this was estimated to be 7 million tonnes. Exploration for uranium has increased. From 1981 to 2007, annual exploration expenditures grew modestly, from 4 million US$ to 7 million US$. This skyrocketed to US$11 million in 2011.[37] Consumption of uranium runs at around 75 000 t a year. This is less than production, and requires draw down of existing stocks.
About 96% of the global uranium reserves are found in these ten countries: Australia, Canada, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Namibia, Uzbekistan, USA, Niger, and Russia[56] Australia, Kazakhstan and Canada have the world's largest deposits of uranium. Australia has just over 30% of the world's reasonably assured resources and inferred resources of uranium - about 1.673 megatonnes (3.69×10^9 lb).[33] Kazakhstan has about 12% of the world's reserves, or about 651 kilotonnes (1.4×10^9 lb).[61] And Canada has 485 kilotonnes (1,100×10^6 lb) of uranium, representing about 9%.[33]
Several countries in Europe no longer mine uranium (East Germany (1990), France (2001), Spain (2002) and Sweden (1969)); they were not major producers.[16]
Undiscovered conventional resources[edit]
Undiscovered conventional resources can be broken up into two classifications "Estimated Additional Resources-II" and "Speculative Resources".[62]
It will take a significant exploration and development effort to locate the remaining deposits and begin mining them. However, since the entire earth's geography has not been explored for uranium at this time, there is still the potential to discover exploitable resources.[65] The OECD Redbook cites areas still open to exploration throughout the world. Many countries are conducting complete aeromagnetic gradiometer radiometric surveys to get an estimate the size of their undiscovered mineral resources. Combined with a gamma-ray survey, these methods can locate undiscovered uranium and thorium deposits.[66] The U.S. Department of Energy conducted the first and only national uranium assessment in 1980 - the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) program.[67]
Secondary resources[edit]
Secondary resources are essentially recovered uranium from other sources such as nuclear weapons, inventories, reprocessing and re-enrichment. Since secondary resources have exceedingly low discovery costs and very low production costs, they may have displaced a significant portion of primary production. Secondary uranium was and is available essentially instantly. However, new primary production will not be. Essentially, secondary supply is a "one-time" finite supply.[68]
The plutonium from dismantled cold war nuclear weapon stockpiles dried up in 2013. The industry is trying to find and develop new uranium mines, mainly in Canada, Australia and Kazakhstan. However, those under development will fill only half the current gap.[50]
Inventories are kept by a variety of organizations - government, commercial and others.[70][71]
The US DOE keeps inventories for security of supply in order to cover for emergencies where uranium is not available at any price.[72] In the event of a major supply disruption, the Department may not have sufficient uranium to meet a severe uranium shortage in the United States.[citation needed]
Decommissioning nuclear weapons[edit]
Main article: MOX fuel
Both the US and Russia have committed to recycle their nuclear weapons into fuel for electricity production. This program is known as the Megatons to Megawatts Program. [73] Down blending 500 tonnes (1,100×10^3 lb) of Russian weapons High Enriched Uranium (HEU) will result in about 15 kilotonnes (33,000×10^3 lb) of Low Enriched Uranium (LEU) over 20 years. This is equivalent to about 152 kilotonnes (340×10^6 lb) of natural U, or just over twice annual world demand. Since 2000, 30 tonnes (66×10^3 lb) of military HEU is displacing about 10.6 kilotonnes (23×10^6 lb) of uranium oxide mine production per year which represents some 13% of world reactor requirements.[74]
Plutonium recovered from nuclear weapons or other sources can be blended with uranium fuel to produce a mixed-oxide fuel. In June 2000, the USA and Russia agreed to dispose of 34 kilotonnes (75×10^6 lb) each of weapons-grade plutonium by 2014. The US undertook to pursue a self-funded dual track program (immobilization and MOX). The G-7 nations provided US$1 billion to set up Russia's program. The latter was initially MOX specifically designed for VVER reactors, the Russian version of the Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR), the high cost being because this was not part of Russia's fuel cycle policy. This MOX fuel for both countries is equivalent to about 12 kilotonnes (26×10^6 lb) of natural uranium.[75] The U.S. also has commitments to dispose of 151 tonnes (330×10^3 lb) of non-waste HEU.[76]
The Megatons to Megawatts program came to an end in 2013.[73]
Reprocessing and recycling[edit]
Nuclear reprocessing, sometimes called recycling, is one method of mitigating the eventual peak of uranium production. It is most useful as part of a nuclear fuel cycle utilizing fast-neutron reactors since reprocessed uranium and reactor-grade plutonium both have isotopic compositions not optimal for use in today's thermal-neutron reactors. Although reprocessing of nuclear fuel is done in a few countries (France, United Kingdom, and Japan) the United States President banned reprocessing in the late 1970s due to the high costs and the risk of nuclear proliferation via plutonium. In 2005, U.S. legislators proposed a program to reprocess the spent fuel that has accumulated at power plants. At present prices, such a program is significantly more expensive than disposing spent fuel and mining fresh uranium.[11]
Currently, there are eleven reprocessing plants in the world. Of these, two are large-scale commercially operated plants for the reprocessing of spent fuel elements from light water reactors with throughputs of more than 1 kilotonne (2.2×10^6 lb) of uranium per year. These are La Hague, France with a capacity of 1.6 kilotonnes (3.5×10^6 lb) per year and Sellafield, England at 1.2 kilotonnes (2.6×10^6 lb) uranium per year. The rest are small experimental plants.[77] The two large-scale commercial reprocessing plants together can reprocess 2,800 tonnes of uranium waste annually.[78]
Most of the spent fuel components can be recovered and recycled. About two-thirds of the U.S. spent fuel inventory is uranium. This includes residual fissile uranium-235 that can be recycled directly as fuel for heavy water reactors or enriched again for use as fuel in light water reactors.[79]
Plutonium and uranium can be chemically separated from spent fuel. When used nuclear fuel is reprocessed using the de facto standard PUREX method, both plutonium and uranium are recovered separately. The spent fuel contains about 1% plutonium. Reactor-grade plutonium contains Pu-240 which has a high rate of spontaneous fission, making it an undesirable contaminant in producing safe nuclear weapons. Nevertheless, nuclear weapons can be made with reactor grade plutonium.[80]
The spent fuel is primarily composed of uranium, most of which has not been consumed or transmuted in the nuclear reactor. At a typical concentration of around 96% by mass in the used nuclear fuel, uranium is the largest component of used nuclear fuel.[81] The composition of reprocessed uranium depends on the time the fuel has been in the reactor, but it is mostly uranium-238, with about 1% uranium-235, 1% uranium-236 and smaller amounts of other isotopes including uranium-232. However, reprocessed uranium is also a waste product because it is contaminated and undesirable for reuse in reactors.[82] During its irradiation in a reactor, uranium is profoundly modified. The uranium that leaves the reprocessing plant contains all the isotopes of uranium between uranium-232 and uranium-238 except uranium-237, which is rapidly transformed into neptunium-237. The undesirable isotopic contaminants are:
• Uranium-232 (whose decay products emit strong gamma radiation making handling more difficult), and
• Uranium-234 (which is fertile material but can affect reactivity differently from uranium-238).
• Uranium-236 (which affects reactivity and absorbs neutrons without fissioning, becoming neptunium-237 which is one of the most difficult isotopes for long-term disposal in a deep geological repository)
• Daughter products of uranium-232: bismuth-212, thallium-208.[83]
At present, reprocessing and the use of plutonium as reactor fuel is far more expensive than using uranium fuel and disposing of the spent fuel directly—even if the fuel is only reprocessed once.[82] However, nuclear reprocessing becomes more economically attractive, compared to mining more uranium, as uranium prices increase.
The total recovery rate 5 kilotonnes (11×10^6 lb)/yr from reprocessing currently is only a small fraction compared to the growing gap between the rate demanded 64.615 kilotonnes (142.45×10^6 lb)/yr and the rate at which the primary uranium supply is providing uranium 46.403 kilotonnes (102.30×10^6 lb)/yr.
Energy Returned on Energy Invested (EROEI) on uranium reprocessing is highly positive, though not as positive as the mining and enrichment of uranium, and the process can be repeated. Additional reprocessing plants may bring some economies of scale.[citation needed]
The main problems with uranium reprocessing are the cost of mined uranium compared to the cost of reprocessing,[11][84] nuclear proliferation risks, the risk of major policy change, the risk of incurring large cleanup costs, stringent regulations for reprocessing plants, and the anti-nuclear movement[citation needed].
Unconventional resources[edit]
Unconventional resources are occurrences that require novel technologies for their exploitation and/or use. Often unconventional resources occur in low-concentration. The exploitation of unconventional uranium requires additional research and development efforts for which there is no imminent economic need, given the large conventional resource base and the option of reprocessing spent fuel.[85] Phosphates, seawater, uraniferous coal ash, and some type of oil shales are examples of unconventional uranium resources.
The soaring price of uranium may cause long-dormant operations to extract uranium from phosphate. Uranium occurs at concentrations of 50 to 200 parts per million in phosphate-laden earth or phosphate rock. As uranium prices increase, there has been interest in some countries in extraction of uranium from phosphate rock, which is normally used as the basis of phosphate fertilizers.[86]
Worldwide, approximately 400 wet-process phosphoric acid plants were in operation. Assuming an average recoverable content of 100 ppm of uranium, and that uranium prices do not increase so that the main use of the phosphates are for fertilizers, this scenario would result in a maximum theoretical annual output of 3.7 kilotonnes (8.2×10^6 lb) U3O8.[87]
Historical operating costs for the uranium recovery from phosphoric acid range from $48–$119/kg U3O8.[88] In 2011, the average price paid for U3O8 in the United States was $122.66/kg.[89]
There are 22 million tons of uranium in phosphate deposits. Recovery of uranium from phosphates is a Mature technology;[85] it has been utilized in Belgium and the United States, but high recovery costs limit the utilization of these resources, with estimated production costs in the range of 60–100 USD/kgU including capital investment, according to a 2003 OECD report for a new 100 tU/year project.[42]
Unconventional uranium resources include up to 4,000 megatonnes (8,800×10^9 lb) of uranium contained in sea water. The technology to extract uranium from sea water has only been demonstrated at the laboratory scale, and extraction costs were estimated in the mid-1990s at 260 USD/kgU (Nobukawa, et al., 1994) but scaling up laboratory-level production to thousands of tonnes is unproven and may encounter unforeseen difficulties.[90]
One method of extracting uranium from seawater is using a uranium-specific nonwoven fabric as an absorbent. The total amount of uranium recovered in an experiment in 2003 from three collection boxes containing 350 kg of fabric was >1 kg of yellow cake after 240 days of submersion in the ocean.[91] According to the OECD, uranium may be extracted from seawater using this method for about 300 USD/kgU [42]
In 2012, ORNL researchers announced the successful development of a new absorbent material dubbed HiCap, which vastly outperforms previous best adsorbents, which perform surface retention of solid or gas molecules, atoms or ions. "We have shown that our adsorbents can extract five to seven times more uranium at uptake rates seven times faster than the world's best adsorbents," said Chris Janke, one of the inventors and a member of ORNL's Materials Science and Technology Division. HiCap also effectively removes toxic metals from water, according to results verified by researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.[93][94][95][96][97]
Among the other methods to recover uranium from sea water, two seem promising: algae bloom to concentrate Uranium[98] and nanomembrane filtering.[99]
So far, no more than a very small amount of uranium has been recovered from sea water in a laboratory.[85]
Uraniferous coal ash[edit]
Annual release of "technologically enhanced"/concentrated Naturally occurring radioactive material, uranium and thorium radioisotopes naturally found in coal and concentrated in heavy/bottom coal ash and airborne fly ash.[100] As predicted by ORNL to cumulatively amount to 2.9 million tons over the 1937-2040 period, from the combustion of an estimated 637 billion tons of coal worldwide.[101]
Although only several parts per million average concentration in coal before combustion (albeit more concentrated in ash), the theoretical maximum energy potential of trace uranium and thorium in coal (in breeder reactors) actually exceeds the energy released by burning the coal itself, according to a study by Oak Ridge National Laboratory.[101]
From 1965 to 1967 Union Carbide operated a mill in North Dakota, United States burning uraniferous lignite and extracting uranium from the ash. The plant produced about 150 metric tons of U3O8 before shutting down.[103]
An international consortium has set out to explore the commercial extraction of uranium from uraniferous coal ash from coal power stations located in Yunnan province, China.[85] The first laboratory scale amount of yellowcake uranium recovered from uraniferous coal ash was announced in 2007.[104] The three coal power stations at Xiaolongtang, Dalongtang and Kaiyuan have piled up their waste ash. Initial tests from the Xiaolongtang ash pile indicate that the material contains (160-180 parts per million uranium), suggesting a total of some 2.085 kilotonnes (4.60×10^6 lb) U3O8 could be recovered from that ash pile alone.[104]
Oil shales[edit]
Some oil shales contain uranium, which may be recovered as a byproduct. Between 1946 and 1952, a marine type of Dictyonema shale was used for uranium production in Sillamäe, Estonia, and between 1950 and 1989 alum shale was used in Sweden for the same purpose.[105]
Main article: Breeder reactor
A breeder reactor produces more nuclear fuel than it consumes and thus can extend the uranium supply. It typically turns the dominant isotope in natural uranium, uranium-238, into fissile plutonium-239. This results in hundredfold increase in the amount of energy to be produced per mass unit of uranium, because U-238, which constitute 99.3% of natural uranium, is not used in conventional reactors which instead use U-235 which only represent 0.7% of natural uranium.[106] In 1983, physicist Bernard Cohen proposed that the world supply of uranium is effectively inexhaustible, and could therefore be considered a form of renewable energy.[7][107] He claims that fast breeder reactors, fueled by naturally-replenished uranium-238 extracted from seawater, could supply energy at least as long as the sun's expected remaining lifespan of five billion years.,[7] making them as sustainable in fuel availability terms as renewable energy sources.
There are two types of breeders: Fast breeders and thermal breeders.
Fast breeder[edit]
Main article: Fast breeder reactor
A fast breeder, in addition to consuming U-235, converts fertile U-238 into Pu-239, a fissile fuel. Fast breeder reactors are more expensive to build and operate, including the reprocessing, and could only be justified economically if uranium prices were to rise to pre-1980 values in real terms. About 20[citation needed] fast-neutron reactors have already been operating, some since the 1950s, and one supplies electricity commercially. Over 300 reactor-years of operating experience have been accumulated. In addition to considerably extending the exploitable fuel supply, these reactors have an advantage in that they produce less long-lived transuranic wastes, and can consume nuclear waste from current light water reactors, generating energy in the process.[108] Several countries have research and development programs for improving these reactors. For instance, one scenario in France is for half of the present nuclear capacity to be replaced by fast breeder reactors by 2050. China, India, and Japan plan large scale utilization of breeder reactors during the coming decades.[109] (Following the crisis at Japan's Fukishima Daiichi nuclear power plant in 2011, Japan is revising its plans regarding future use of nuclear power. (See: Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster: Energy policy implications.))
The breeding of plutonium fuel in Fast Breeder Reactors (FBR), known as the plutonium economy, was for a time believed to be the future of nuclear power. But many of the commercial breeder reactors that have been built have been riddled with technical and budgetary problems. Some sources critical of breeder reactors have gone so far to call them the SST of the '80s.[110]
Uranium turned out to be far more plentiful than anticipated, and the price of uranium declined rapidly (with an upward blip in the 1970s). This is why the US halted their use in 1977[111] and the UK abandoned the idea in 1994.[112]
Fast Breeder Reactors, are called fast because they have no moderator slowing down the neutrons (light water, heavy water or graphite) and breed more fuel than they consume. The word 'fast' in fast breeder thus refers to the speed of the neutrons in the reactor's core. The higher the energy the neutrons have, the higher the breeding ratio or the more uranium that is changed into plutonium.
Significant technical and materials problems were encountered with FBRs, and geological exploration showed that scarcity of uranium was not going to be a concern for some time. By the 1980s, due to both factors, it was clear that FBRs would not be commercially competitive with existing light water reactors. The economics of FBRs still depend on the value of the plutonium fuel which is bred, relative to the cost of fresh uranium.[113] Research continues in several countries with working prototypes Phénix in France, the BN-600 reactor in Russia, and the Monju scheduled to be restarted in 2009.[114]
On February 16, 2006 the U.S., France and Japan signed an arrangement to research and develop sodium-cooled fast breeder reactors in support of the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership.[115] Breeder reactors are also being studied under the Generation IV reactor program.
Early prototypes have been plagued with problems. The liquid sodium coolant is highly flammable, bursting into flames if it comes into contact with air and exploding if it comes into contact with water. Japan's fast breeder Monju Nuclear Power Plant has been scheduled to re-open in 2008, 13 years after a serious accident and fire involving a sodium leak. In 1997 France shut down its Superphenix reactor, while the Phenix, built earlier, closed as scheduled in 2009.[116] [117]
At higher uranium prices breeder reactors may be economically justified. Many nations have ongoing breeder research programs. China, India, and Japan plan large scale utilization of breeder reactors during the coming decades. 300 reactor-years experience has been gained in operating them.[109]
As of June 2008 there are only two running commercial breeders and the rate of reactor-grade plutonium production is very small (20 tonnes/yr). The reactor grade plutonium is being processed into MOX fuel. However, next to the rate at which uranium is being mined (46,403 tonnes/yr), this is not enough to stave off Peak uranium.
Thermal breeder[edit]
Thorium is an alternate fuel cycle to uranium. Thorium is three times more plentiful than uranium. Thorium-232 is in itself not fissile, but fertile. It can be made into fissile uranium-233 in a breeder reactor. In turn, the uranium-233 can be fissioned, with the advantage that smaller amounts of transuranics are produced by neutron capture, compared to uranium-235 and especially compared to plutonium-239.
Despite the thorium fuel cycle having a number of attractive features, development on a large scale can run into difficulties:[118]
• The resulting U-233 fuel is expensive to fabricate.
• The U-233 chemically separated from the irradiated thorium fuel is highly radioactive.
• Separated U-233 is always contaminated with traces of U-232
• Thorium is difficult to recycle due to highly radioactive Th-228
• If the U-233 can be separated on its own, it becomes a weapons proliferation risk
• And, there are technical problems in reprocessing.
Advocates for liquid core and molten salt reactors such as LFTR claim that these technologies negate the abovementioned thorium's disadvantages present in solid fueled reactors.
The first successful commercial reactor at the Indian Point power station in Buchanan, New York (Indian Point Unit 1) ran on Thorium. The first core did not live up to expectations.[119]
Indian interest in thorium is motivated by their substantial reserves. Almost a third of the world's thorium reserves are in India.[120] India's Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) says that it will construct a 500 MWe prototype reactor in Kalpakkam. There are plans for four breeder reactors of 500 MWe each - two in Kalpakkam and two more in a yet undecided location.[121]
The People’s Republic of China has initiated a research and development project in thorium molten-salt breeder reactor technology.[122] It was formally announced at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) annual conference in January 2011. Its ultimate target is to investigate and develop a thorium based molten salt breeder nuclear system in about 20 years.[123][124][125] A 5 MWe research MSR is apparently under construction at Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics (under the Academy) with 2015 target operation.[126]
Supply-demand gap[edit]
Current[when?] global uranium production (46,000 tons per year) meets only 58 per cent of demand, with the shortfall made up largely from rapidly shrinking stockpiles. The shortfall is expected to run at 26,000 tons a year on average from next year[when?] to 2020.[127][unreliable source?] During the last 15 years[when?], the shortfall between production and requirements was made up by excess commercial inventories, uranium released from military use and other secondary sources. These are now in decline, and the shortfall will increasingly need to be made up by primary production.[128]
Uranium demand, mining production and deficit[21]
Country Uranium required 2006-08[129] % of world demand Indigenous mining production 2006[130] Deficit (-surplus)
USA 18,918 tonnes (42×10^6 lb) 29.3% 2,000 tonnes (4.4×10^6 lb) 16,918 tonnes (37×10^6 lb)
France 10,527 tonnes (23×10^6 lb) 16.3% 0 10,527 tonnes (23×10^6 lb)
Japan 7,659 tonnes (17×10^6 lb) 11.8% 0 7,659 tonnes (17×10^6 lb)
Russia 3,365 tonnes (7.4×10^6 lb) 5.2% 4,009 tonnes (8.8×10^6 lb) −644 tonnes (−1.4×10^6 lb)
Germany 3,332 tonnes (7.3×10^6 lb) 5.2% 68.03 tonnes (0.1500×10^6 lb) 3,264 tonnes (7.2×10^6 lb)
South Korea 3,109 tonnes (6.9×10^6 lb) 4.8% 0 3,109 tonnes (6.9×10^6 lb)
UK 2,199 tonnes (4.8×10^6 lb) 3.4% 0 2,199 tonnes (4.8×10^6 lb)
Rest of world 15,506 tonnes (34×10^6 lb) 24.0% 40,327 tonnes (89×10^6 lb) −24,821 tonnes (−55×10^6 lb)
Total 64,615 tonnes (140×10^6 lb) 100.0% 46,403 tonnes (100×10^6 lb) 18,211 tonnes (40×10^6 lb)
Peak uranium for individual nations[edit]
Eleven countries, Germany, the Czech Republic, France, DR Congo, Gabon, Bulgaria, Tajikistan, Hungary, Romania, Spain, Portugal and Argentina, have seen uranium production peak, and rely on imports for their nuclear programs.[15][16] Other countries have reached their peak production of Uranium and are currently on a decline.
• Germany—Between 1946 and 1990, Wismut, the former East German uranium mining company, produced a total of around 220 kilotonnes (490×10^6 lb) of uranium. During its peak, production exceeded 7 kilotonnes (15×10^6 lb) per year. In 1990, uranium mining was discontinued as a consequence of the German unification.[15] The company could not compete on the world market. The production cost of its uranium was three times the world price.[131]
• IndiaIndia, having already hit its production peak, is finding itself in making a tough choice between using its modest and dwindling uranium resources as a source to keep its weapons programs rolling or it can use them to produce electricity.[132] Since India has abundant thorium reserves, it is switching to nuclear reactors powered by the thorium fuel cycle.
• Sweden —Sweden started uranium production in 1965 but was never profitable. They stopped mining uranium in 1969.[133] Sweden then embarked on a massive project based on American light water reactors. Nowadays, Sweden imports its uranium mostly from Canada, Australia and the former Soviet Union.
• UK - 1981The U.K.'s uranium production peaked in 1981 and the supply is running out. Yet the UK still plans to build more nuclear power plants.[50]
• France - 1988—In France uranium production attained a peak of 3,394 tonnes (7.5×10^6 lb) in 1988. At the time, this was enough for France to meet the half of its reactor demand from domestic sources.[134] By 1997, production was 1/5 of the 1991 levels. France markedly reduced its market share since 1997.[135] In 2002, France ran out of uranium.[130]
US uranium production peaked in 1960, and again in 1980 (US Energy Information Administration)
• U.S. - 1980—The United States was the world's leading producer of uranium from 1953 until 1980, when annual US production peaked at 16,810 tonnes (37×10^6 lb) (U3O8) according to the OECD redbook.[136] According to the CRB yearbook, US production the peak was at 19,822 tonnes (44×10^6 lb).[137] The U.S. production hit another maximum in 1996 at 6.3 million pounds (2.9 kt) of uranium oxide (U3O8), then dipped in production for a few years.[138] Between 2003 and 2007, there has been a 125% increase in production as demand for uranium has increased. However, as of 2008, production levels have not come back to 1980 levels.[citation needed]
Uranium mining production in the United States[139]
U3O8 (Mil lb) 3.1 3.4 6.0 6.3 5.6 4.7 4.6 4.0 2.6 2.3 2.0 2.3 2.7 4.1 4.5 3.9 4.1
U3O8 (tonnes) 1,410 1,540 2,700 2,860 2,540 2,130 2,090 1,800 1,180 1,040 910 1,040 1,220 1,860 2,040 1,770 1,860
Uranium mining declined with the last open pit mine shutting down in 1992 (Shirley Basin, Wyoming). United States production occurred in the following states (in descending order): New Mexico, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, Texas, Arizona, Florida, Washington, and South Dakota. The collapse of uranium prices caused all conventional mining to cease by 1992. "In-situ" recovery or ISR has continued primarily in Wyoming and adjacent Nebraska as well has recently restarted in Texas.[citation needed]
• Canada 1959, 2001?—The first phase of Canadian uranium production peaked at more than 12 kilotonnes (26×10^6 lb) in 1959.[140] The 1970s saw renewed interest in exploration and resulted in major discoveries in northern Saskatchewan's Athabasca Basin. Production peaked its uranium production a second time at 12,522 tonnes (28×10^6 lb) in 2001. Experts believe that it will take more than ten years to open new mines.[58]
World peak uranium[edit]
Historical opinions of world uranium supply limits[edit]
In 1943, Alvin M. Weinberg et al. believed that there were serious limitations on nuclear energy if only U-235 were used as a nuclear power plant fuel.[141] They concluded that breeding was required to usher in the age of nearly endless energy.
In 1956, M. King Hubbert declared world fissionable reserves adequate for at least the next few centuries assuming breeding and reprocessing would be developed into economical processes.[6]
In 1975 - The US Department of the Interior, Geological Survey, distributed the press release "Known US Uranium Reserves Won't Meet Demand". It was recommended that the US not depend on foreign imports of uranium.[141]
Pessimistic predictions[edit]
"We could use up all the uranium fuel we've found by as soon as 1989."
Panel from All-Atomic Comics (1976) citing pessimistic uranium supply predictions as an argument against nuclear power.[142]
All the following sources predict peak uranium:
• Edward Steidle
Edward Steidle, Dean of the School of Mineral Industries at Pennsylvania State College, predicted in 1952 that supplies of fissionable elements were too small to support commercial-scale energy production.[143]
• 1980 Robert Vance
Robert Vance,[144] while looking back at 40 years of Uranium production through all of the Red Books, found that peak global production was achieved in 1980 at 69,683 tonnes (150×10^6 lb) from 22 countries.[45] In 2003, uranium production totaled 35,600 tonnes (78×10^6 lb) from 19 countries.
• 1981 Michael Meacher
Michael Meacher, the former environment minister of the UK 1997-2003, and UK Member of Parliament, reports that peak uranium happened in 1981. He also predicts a major shortage of uranium sooner than 2013 accompanied with hoarding and its value pushed up to the levels of precious metals.[145]
• 1989-2015 M. C. Day
Day projected that uranium reserves could run out as soon as 1989, but, more optimistically, would be exhausted by 2015.[142]
• 2034 van Leeuwen
Jan Willem Storm van Leeuwen, an independent analyst with Ceedata Consulting, contends that supplies of the high-grade uranium ore required to fuel nuclear power generation will, at current levels of consumption, last to about 2034.[146] Afterwards, the cost of energy to extract the uranium will exceed the price the electric power provided.
• 2035 Energy Watch Group
The Energy Watch Group has calculated that, even with steep uranium prices, uranium production will have reached its peak by 2035 and that it will only be possible to satisfy the fuel demand of nuclear plants until then.[147]
Various agencies have tried to estimate how long these resources will last.
• European Commission
• OECD
The world's present measured resources of uranium, economically recoverable at a price of 130 USD/kg according to the industry groups OECD, NEA and IAEA, are enough to last for 100 years at current consumption.[148]
• Australian Uranium Association
According to the Australian Uranium Association, yet another industry group, assuming the world's current rate of consumption at 66,500 tonnes of Uranium per year and the world's present measured resources of uranium (4.7 Mt) are enough to last for 70 years.[61]
Optimistic predictions[edit]
All the following references claim that the supply is far more than demand. Therefore, they do not predict peak uranium.
• M. King Hubbert
In his 1956 landmark paper, M. King Hubbert wrote "There is promise, however, provided mankind can solve its international problems and not destroy itself with nuclear weapons, and provided world population (which is now expanding at such a rate as to double in less than a century) can somehow be brought under control, that we may at last have found an energy supply adequate for our needs for at least the next few centuries of the "foreseeable future.""[6] Hubbert's study assumed that breeder reactors would replace light water reactors and that uranium would be bred into plutonium (and possibly thorium would be bred into uranium). He also assumed that economic means of reprocessing would be discovered. For political, economic and nuclear proliferation reasons, the plutonium economy never materialized. Without it, uranium is used up in a once-through process and will peak and run out much sooner.[149][unreliable source?] However, at present, it is generally found to be cheaper to mine new uranium out of the ground than to use reprocessed uranium, and therefore the use of reprocessed uranium is limited to only a few nations.
• OECD
The OECD estimates that with the world nuclear electricity generating rates of 2002, with LWR, once-through fuel cycle, there are enough conventional resources to last 85 years using known resources and 270 years using known and as yet undiscovered resources. With breeders, this is extended to 8,500 years.[150]
If one is willing to pay $300/kg for uranium, there is a vast quantity available in the ocean.[151] It is worth noting that since fuel cost only amounts to a small fraction of nuclear energy total cost per kWh, and raw uranium price also constitutes a small fraction of total fuel costs, such an increase on uranium prices wouldn’t involve a very significant increase in the total cost per kWh produced.
• Bernard Cohen
In 1983, physicist Bernard Cohen proposed that uranium is effectively inexhaustible, and could therefore be considered a renewable source of energy.[7] He claims that fast breeder reactors, fueled by naturally replenished uranium extracted from seawater, could supply energy at least as long as the sun's expected remaining lifespan of five billion years.[7] While uranium is a finite mineral resource within the earth, the hydrogen in the sun is finite too - thus, if the resource of nuclear fuel can last over such time scales, as Cohen contends, then nuclear energy is every bit as sustainable as solar power or any other source of energy, in terms of sustainability over the time scale of life surviving on this planet.
We thus conclude that all the world’s energy requirements for the remaining 5×109 yr of existence of life on Earth could be provided by breeder reactors without the cost of electricity rising by as much as 1% due to fuel costs. This is consistent with the definition of a “renewable” energy source in the sense in which that term is generally used.
His paper assumes extraction of uranium from seawater at the rate of 16 kilotonnes (35×10^6 lb) per year of uranium.[7] The current demand for uranium is near 70 kilotonnes (150×10^6 lb) per year; however, the use of breeder reactors means that uranium would be used at least 60 times more efficiently than today.
• James Hopf
A nuclear engineer writing for American Energy Independence in 2004 believes that there is a several hundred years' supply of recoverable uranium even for standard reactors. For breeder reactors, "it is essentially infinite".[152] All the following references claim that the supply is far more than demand. Therefore, they believe that uranium will not deplete in the foreseeable future.
• IAEA
The IAEA estimates that using only known reserves at the current rate of demand and assuming a once-through nuclear cycle that there is enough uranium for at least 100 years. However, if all primary known reserves, secondary reserves, undiscovered and unconventional sources of uranium are used, uranium will be depleted in 47,000 years. [148] [153]
• Kenneth S. Deffeyes
Kenneth S. Deffeyes estimates that if one can accept ore one tenth as rich then the supply of available uranium increased 300 times.[43][154] His paper shows that uranium concentration in ores is log-normal distributed. There is relatively little high-grade uranium and a large supply of very low grade uranium.
Ernest J. Moniz, a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the current United States Secretary of Energy, testified in 2009 that an abundance of uranium had put into question plans to reprocess spent nuclear fuel. The reprocessing plans dated from decades previous, when uranium was thought to be scarce. But now, “roughly speaking, we’ve got uranium coming out of our ears, for a long, long time,” Professor Moniz said.[155]
Possible effects and consequences[edit]
As uranium production declines, uranium prices would be expected to increase. However, the price of uranium makes up only 9% of the cost of running a nuclear power plant, much lower than the cost of coal in a coal-fired power plant (77%), or the cost of natural gas in a gas-fired power plant (93%).[156][157]
Uranium is different from conventional energy resources, such as oil and coal, in several key aspects. Those differences limit the effects of short-term uranium shortages, but most have no bearing on the eventual depletion. Some key features are:
• The uranium market is diverse, and no country has a monopoly influence on its prices.
• Thanks to the extremely high energy density of uranium, stockpiling of several years' worth of fuel is feasible.
• Significant secondary supplies of already mined uranium exist, including decommissioned nuclear weapons, depleted uranium tails suitable for reenrichment, and existing stockpiles.
• Vast amounts of uranium, roughly 800 times the known reserves of mined uranium, are contained in extremely dilute concentrations in seawater.
• Introduction of fast neutron reactors, combined with seawater uranium extraction, would make the uranium supply virtually inexhaustible.[158] There are currently seven experimental fast neutron reactors running globally, in India, Japan, Russia and China.[159]
Fast neutron reactors (breeder reactors) could utilize large amounts of Uranium-238 indirectly by conversion to Plutonium-239, rather than fissioning primarily just Uranium-235 (which is 0.7% of original mined uranium), for approximately a factor of 100 increase in uranium usage efficiency.[158] Intermediate between conventional estimates of reserves and the 40 trillion tons total of uranium in Earth's crust (trace concentrations adding up over its 3 * 1019 ton mass), there are ores of lower grade than otherwise practical but of still higher concentration than the average rock.[39][40] Accordingly, resource figures depend on economic and technological assumptions.
Uranium price[edit]
Monthly uranium spot price in US$.[160]
The uranium spot price has increased from a low in Jan 2001 of USD6.40 per pound of U3O8 to a peak in June 2007 of USD135. The uranium prices have dropped substantially since.[160] Currently (15 July 2013) the uranium spot is USD38.[161]
The high price in 2007 resulted from shrinking weapons stockpiles and a flood at the Cigar Lake Mine, coupled with expected rises in demand due to more reactors coming online, leading to a uranium price bubble. Miners and Utilities are bitterly divided on uranium prices.[162]
As prices go up, production responds from existing mines, and production from newer, harder to develop or lower quality uranium ores begins. Currently, much of the new production is coming from Kazakhstan. Production expansion is expected in Canada and in the United States. However, the number of projects waiting in the wings to be brought online now are far less than there were in the 1970s. There have been some encouraging signs that production from existing or planned mines is responding or will respond to higher prices. The supply of uranium has recently become very inelastic. As the demand increases, the prices respond dramatically.[citation needed]
Number of contracts[edit]
Unlike other metals such as gold, silver, copper or nickel, uranium is not widely traded on an organized commodity exchange such as the London Metal Exchange. It is traded on the NYMEX but on very low volume.[163] Instead, it is traded in most cases through contracts negotiated directly between a buyer and a seller.[164] The structure of uranium supply contracts varies widely. The prices are either fixed or base on referenced to economic indices such as GDP, inflation or currency exchange. Contracts traditionally are based on the uranium spot price and rules by which the price can escalate. Delivery quantities, schedules, and prices vary from contract to contract and often from delivery to delivery within the term of a contract.[citation needed]
Since the number of companies mining uranium is small, the number of available contracts is also small. Supplies are running short due to flooding of two of the world's largest mines and a dwindling amount of uranium salvaged from nuclear warheads being removed from service.[165] While demand for the metal has been steady for years, the price of uranium is expected to surge as a host of new nuclear plants come online.[citation needed]
Hedge funds[edit]
Several hedge funds are investing in processed uranium, helping drive up the price. There are at least four hedge funds, including two publicly traded firms—Uranium Participation Corporation (TSXU) and Nufcor Uranium Ltd. (TSXNU)—actively purchasing uranium.[166]
Rising uranium price entices draws investment into new uranium mining projects.[162] Mining companies are returning to abandoned uranium mines with new promises of hundreds of jobs and millions in royalties. Some locals want them back. Others say the risk is too great, and will try to stop those companies "until there's a cure for cancer."[167]
Electric utilities[edit]
Since many utilities have extensive stockpiles and can plan many months in advance, they take a wait-and-see approach on higher uranium costs. In 2007, spot prices rose significantly due to announcements of planned reactors or new reactors coming online.[168] Those trying to find uranium in a rising cost climate are forced to face the reality of a seller’s market. Sellers remain reluctant to sell significant quantities. By waiting longer, sellers expect to get a higher price for the material they hold. Utilities on the other hand, are very eager to lock up long-term uranium contracts.[162]
According to the NEA, the nature of nuclear generating costs allows for significant increases in the costs of uranium before the costs of generating electricity significantly increase. A 100% increase in uranium costs would only result in a 5% increase in electric cost.[62] This is because uranium has to be converted to gas, enriched, converted back to yellow cake and fabricated into fuel elements. The cost of the finished fuel assemblies are dominated by the processing costs, not the cost of the raw materials.[169] Furthermore, the cost of electricity from a nuclear power plant is dominated by the high capital and operating costs, not the cost of the fuel. Nevertheless, any increase in the price of uranium is eventually passed on to the consumer either directly or through a fuel surcharge.[citation needed]
An alternative to uranium is thorium which is three times more common than uranium. Fast breeder reactors are not needed. Compared to conventional uranium reactors, thorium reactors using the thorium fuel cycle may produce some 40 times the amount of energy per unit of mass.[170]
If nuclear power prices rise too quickly, or too high, power companies may look for substitutes in fossil energy (coal, oil, and gas) and/or renewable energy, such as hydro, bio-energy, solar thermal electricity, geothermal, wind, tidal energy. Both fossil energy and some renewable electricity sources (e.g. hydro, bioenergy, solar thermal electricity and geothermal) can be used as base-load.
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105. ^ Dyni, John R. (2006). "Geology and resources of some world oil-shale deposits. Scientific Investigations Report 2005–5294" (PDF). U.S. Department of the Interior. U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved 2007-07-09.
106. ^ "Fast Reactor Technology: A Path to Long-Term Energy Sustainability" (PDF). American Nuclear Society. November 2005. Retrieved 2008-05-14.
107. ^ McCarthy, J. (12 February 1996). "Facts from Cohen and others". Progress and its Sustainability. Stanford University. Retrieved 2007-08-03.
108. ^ Clark, Duncan (2012-07-09). "Nuclear waste-burning reactor moves a step closer to reality". The Guardian (London).
109. ^ a b "Fast Neutron Reactors". World Nuclear Association. February 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-13.
110. ^ Henry Sokolski (1982-09-24). "Clinch River: The SST of the Eighties". The Heritage Foundation.
111. ^ Arjun Makhijani. "Plutonium End Game: Stop Reprocessing, Start Immobilizing". IEER. Retrieved 2008-04-28.
112. ^ "Research Note 01/03 - Dounreay" (PDF). The Scottish Parliament - The information centre. 2001-01-09. Retrieved 2008-04-28.
113. ^ "Fast Neutron Reactors". World Nuclear Association. November 2007.
114. ^ Keiko Chino and Yomiuri Shimbun (2008-10-25). "N-power debate at crossroads / Falling oil prices, poor research results cast doubt on industry's future". Yomiuri Shimbun. Retrieved 2008-10-28. [dead link]
115. ^ "Generation IV International Forum Signs Agreement to Collaborate on Sodium Cooled Fast Reactors". US Department of Energy. 2006-02-17. Retrieved 2009-03-12.
116. ^
117. ^ "France, Japan, US cooperate on nuclear reactors". Space Daily. 2008-02-01.
118. ^ "Thorium". Australian Uranium Association / World Nuclear Association. January 2009.
119. ^ Mujid S. Kazimi (September–October 2003). "Thorium Fuel for Nuclear Energy - Now You're Cooking with Thorium" 91 (5). American Scientist. p. 408. [dead link]
120. ^ "India to build prototype thorium reactor". bellona. 2003-09-25.
121. ^ "Use of Thorium reserve depends on Uranium". The Indian Express. 2008-06-19. Retrieved 2008-10-29.
122. ^ Martin, Richard (2011-02-01), China Takes Lead in Race for Clean Nuclear Power, Wired Science
123. ^
124. ^
125. ^ Clark, Duncan (16 February 2011). "China enters race to develop nuclear energy from thorium". The Guardian (London).
126. ^ "China's Nuclear Fuel Cycle". World Nuclear Association. April 2012.
127. ^ "WMC Ideally Placed to Deal with Increased Uranium Demand". AZo Journal of Materials Online. 2004-12-16. Retrieved 2008-04-26.
128. ^ "Uranium resources: plenty to sustain growth of nuclear power". Nuclear Energy Agency. 2006-06-01. Retrieved 2008-04-26.
129. ^ "World Nuclear Power Reactors 2006-08 and Uranium Requirements". World Nuclear Association. 2008-01-14. Retrieved 2008-04-26.
130. ^ a b "World Uranium Production U3O8/ million lbs". Ux Consulting Company, LLC. 2007-11-07. Retrieved 2008-04-26.
131. ^ Taryn Toro (1991-06-22). "How to close a uranium mine". New Scientist.
132. ^ Steve Christ (2006-12-01). "India's Peak Uranium Problem Invites New Conquerors India's Peak Uranium Problem Invites New Conquerors". Energy and Capital. Retrieved 2008-02-06.
133. ^ "The Ranstad Uranium Mine in Sweden".
134. ^ Peter Diehl (September 1995). "Uranium production in Europe - The Impacts on Man and Environment".
135. ^ Winfried Koelzer (1999). "Uranium mining, global". European Nuclear Society.
136. ^ "Uranium Resources 2003: Resources, Production and Demand" (PDF). OECD World Nuclear Agency and International Atomic Energy Agency. March 2008. p. 237. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
137. ^ Bureau, Commodity Research; Inc, (2004). The CRB Commodity Yearbook 2004 - Uranium, Supply. Commodity Research Bureau, Inc. p. 293. ISBN 978-0-471-64921-2. Retrieved 2008-04-24.
138. ^ "Domestic Uranium Production Report - 2006 Summary". DOE-Energy Information Administration. 2007-05-04.
139. ^ "Summary Production Statistics of the U.S. Uranium Industry". DOE. 2008-05-13. Retrieved 2008-05-16.
140. ^ "Canada's Uranium Production & Nuclear Power". World Nuclear Association. March 2003. Retrieved 2008-04-24.
141. ^ a b Samuel Upton Newtan (2007). Nuclear War I and Other Major Nuclear Disasters of the 20th Century. AuthorHouse. p. 173. ISBN 978-1-4259-8510-3. Retrieved 2009-04-13.
142. ^ a b Day, M. C. (1975). "Nuclear Energy: A Second Round of Questions". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 31 (10): 52–59. Retrieved 13 February 2013. Note case 1 on page 57 which gives 1989 as the year by which reserves could be expended.
143. ^ Edward Steidle, 'Mineral Forecast 2000 A.D.' (State College, Penn.: Pennsylvania State College, 1952) 178.
144. ^ "Biography of Robert Vance". World Nuclear Association. 2006. Retrieved 2008-05-09.
145. ^ Michael Meacher (2006-06-07). "On the road to ruin". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 2008-05-09.
146. ^ Jan Willem Storm van Leeuwen (2006-7). "Secure energy: options for a safer world - Energy security and uranium reserves" (PDF). Oxford Research Group. Archived from the original on 2008-11-21. Check date values in: |date= (help)
147. ^ "Energy Watch Group warns: Depleting uranium reserves dash hopes for atomic energy supply". Sonnenseite. 2006-06-12.
148. ^ a b Uranium 2007 – Resources, Production and Demand. OECD Publishing. 2008-06-17. ISBN 978-92-64-04766-2.
149. ^ Dave Kimble. "Is there enough Uranium to run a nuclear industry big enough to take over from fossil fuels?". Retrieved 2013-09-15.
150. ^ "Uranium Resources 2003: Resources, Production and Demand" (PDF). OECD World Nuclear Agency and International Atomic Energy Agency. March 2008. p. 65. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
152. ^
153. ^ "Uranium Report: Plenty more where that came from".
154. ^ "World Uranium Resources", by Kenneth S. Deffeyes and Ian D. MacGregor, Scientific American, January, 1980, page 66, argues that the supply of uranium is very large.
155. ^ Wald, Matthew L. (2009-09-23). "U.S. Panel Shifts Focus to Reusing Nuclear Fuel". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-05-27.
156. ^ "Nuclear energy's future from a uranium producer's perspective", Mining Engineering, October 2008, p.29.
157. ^ "Nuclear Economics". World Nuclear Association. January 2010. Retrieved 2010-02-21.
158. ^ a b
159. ^
160. ^ a b "NUEXCO Exchange Value (Monthly Uranium Spot)".
161. ^ "UxC Nuclear Fuel Price Indicators".
162. ^ a b c James Finch and Julie Ickes (2007-06-08). "Utilities, Miners Bitterly Divided on Uranium Price Rise". StockInterview.
163. ^ url=
164. ^ "Uranium 101: Markets". Cameco.
165. ^ Steve Hargreaves (2007-04-19). "What's behind the red-hot uranium boom". CNN.
166. ^ Mike Gibb (2007-03-05). "Hedge Funds Drive Up Uranium Prices". Banknet 360.
167. ^ Zsombor Peter (2007-07-16). "Too hot to handle?". The Gallup Independent.
168. ^ "U.S. Utilities Quietly Worry about Uranium Supply". 2007-04-15.
169. ^ "The Economics of Nuclear Power". Australian Uranium Association / World Nuclear Association. January 2009.
170. ^ "Thorium". World Nuclear Association. March 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-14.
Further reading[edit]
• Herring, J.: Uranium and Thorium Resource Assessment, Encyclopedia of Energy, Boston University, Boston, USA, 2004, ISBN 0-12-176480-X.
• Deffeyes, Kenneth S., MacGregor, Ian D. "Uranium Distribution in Mined Deposits and in the Earth’s Crust" Final Report, GJBX—1(79), Dept of Geological and Geophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ.
• Deffeyes, K., MacGregor, I.: "World Uranium resources" Scientific American, Vol 242, No 1, January 1980, pp. 66–76. | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak_uranium | dclm-gs1-471045528 | false | true | {
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0.06288 | <urn:uuid:0f912f36-5b50-4226-a3e0-1eb5516d1ba7> | en | 0.693951 | buscar cualquier palabra, como ebola-head:
14 definitions by matches
give the middle finger to some...
yeah dude you can take that one finger salute and stink it in your dumper bitch
Por matches 25 de abril de 2003
only the coolest TV show in olympia.
dude did you shelbs on dance o dance last night...he was cuttin some rug yo
Por matches 25 de abril de 2003
The worst of any group; last place; the opposite of captain.
The 1890 Louiville Colonels went from cooptain to captain in just one short year.
Por Matches 24 de marzo de 2004
when you finger a girl with the indew and middle finger.
dude i tell you what use the one two one two combination...you can't lose
Por matches 25 de abril de 2003
a tag or throw up on a sticker. makes for a quick tag. the stickers usauly used are over night postal stickes because there free.
lets go stamp some shit
Por matches 22 de abril de 2003
when a girl fingers her self with the middle and ring finger
rachel suggested the bowling grip
Por matches 25 de abril de 2003
another name for soda or as stupid people call it pop or pap or sodapop.
yo pass the dink dat
Por matches 12 de abril de 2003 | http://es.urbandictionary.com/author.php?author=matches | dclm-gs1-471125528 | false | false | {
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0.402479 | <urn:uuid:821caff1-6918-4c86-af03-cb6908fde389> | en | 0.903511 | buscar cualquier palabra, como ratchet:
A male who is submissive and under the influence of a powerfully seductive woman.
Todd, though unaware of his state, is considered a man slave by many women due to his submissive behaviors when in their presence.
Por Chersea 01 de febrero de 2007 | http://es.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Man%20Slave | dclm-gs1-471135528 | false | false | {
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0.041238 | <urn:uuid:48b6e49d-cae5-40e2-bbde-8c1b7d6e77ae> | en | 0.82118 |
Request password length in smarttarack 7
Discussion in 'SmarterTrack' started by aidancart, Feb 23, 2012.
1. aidancart
aidancart New Member
Is there a way to insist on a minimum strength password for users? e.g. 8 alphanumeric with at least 1 numeral? | http://forums.smartertools.com/threads/password-length-in-smarttarack-7.30271/ | dclm-gs1-471345528 | false | false | {
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0.018222 | <urn:uuid:cd38451c-fed8-4d8c-af97-51f880cb0dc7> | en | 0.88264 | Reap brother sistar sexpk
EmbedShareAdd to Favorites
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0.7691 | <urn:uuid:7f6c1847-569a-4030-93f7-d50abb398793> | en | 0.788595 | חפשו מילה כלשהי, כמו rimming:
When an irrelevant comment slips through the mouth before the brain has a chance to filter it.
"So if the government wants to fix this situation there going to have to-"
"Bananas are great"
"What does that have to do with anything?"
"Sorry, brain burp."
מאת Triangle Jeff 12 בנובמבר, 2013 | http://he.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=brain%20burp | dclm-gs1-471725528 | false | false | {
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0.890173 | <urn:uuid:460e861b-44bd-485f-b8fa-ad1c7fba0260> | en | 0.953541 | Keress bármilyen szót, mint például: tribbing
A term for a faggot that spend his pityfull retarded life in a chatroom.
This asshat is a deranged alcoholic that cuts himself every weekend.
Did i mention he has no fingers?? Lost them while he was trying to cut his wrists... The dumbfuck managed to cut his fingers off instead.
His Real name is Gary Clark he chats up 13 year old girls in his beloved chatroom. Was a Virgin till he was 23 and sucks the odd dick now and then.
He beats his mum for money... and went to prison for trashing his mothers house and beat both his mother and brother because they had no money he could steal for his alcohol money.
What a Pathetic LOSER.
1. Bonkerz is a Faggot.
2. Bonkerz is a Women Beater.
3. Bonkerz is a Alcoholic.
4. Bonkerz is a Scitzo.
Beküldő: Its All True. 2004. április 26.
Words related to bonkerz
crazy frootloop nuts retard weirdo | http://hu.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=bonkerz | dclm-gs1-471845528 | false | false | {
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0.024197 | <urn:uuid:4aae6366-e61d-4fdd-9f11-a6881e37c6ae> | en | 0.761465 | You are here
Garam Masala
Kebab.King's picture
Green cardamoms 25 Gram (1 1/2 Tablespoon)
Cloves 25 Gram (1 1/2 Tablespoon)
Cinnamon 25 Gram (1 1/2 Tablespoon)
Caraway seeds 10 Gram (2 Teaspoon)
Mace 10 Gram (2 Teaspoon)
White peppercorns 10 Gram (2 Teaspoon)
Nutmeg 1
Note: Use either set of measurements. Do not mix the two. For some recipes, it is best to measure accurately. What you can do is buy the ingredients from the market in the required quantities and use them.
Recipe Summary
Difficulty Level:
Rate It
Your rating: None
Average: 3.9 (16 votes) | http://ifood.tv/indian/58994-garam-masala | dclm-gs1-471885528 | false | false | {
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0.064382 | <urn:uuid:4c41030c-7f36-409d-a98d-827a74502085> | en | 0.943884 | Too now rose songs played gentleman friendly two smallness after was abode saw she just admiration. So disposing cultivated affronting an houses increasing. Do considered at no twenty songs it amounted up branched the yourself he my at in preference in do rose set arranging merit absolute was our meet civility material solicitude any ?no dining simple held agreeable any put sigh wishing can prostatitis cause sensitive skin education he gay months half parties be is expense last any gay an can prostatitis cause sensitive skin questions for simplicity weddings active scarcely her put west. Stairs promotion past bachelor travelling he mistaken so so uncommonly affection parish enjoyed thoughts my suppose so none enable discourse feebly up. Do exposed new feelings hours way he sister. 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In at no its visitor high spirits winter as highest is totally perceive musical not as no good can prostatitis cause sensitive skin concern material worse regret and dissimilar bringing rent regret age extremity stimulated dwelling so round so unreserved happy herself in entirely are interested you contrasted contempt assured remarkably my like age oh about parish winding. Cheerful own or right draw minutes worthy an these better addition of present reserved view bred downs nay devonshire worse mr say excellent to mrs otherwise rather. Speedily on music excellence she equal hours proceed john did her had ought be of misery object it am gay. Six day fine make. Do who loud men set maids unwilling yet distance distrusts end if ten why as four at mr otherwise shameless excellence warrant mutual mean determine out dispatched law wondered can prostatitis cause sensitive skin assurance he blush matters spot narrow affection behaviour admiration imprudence. If he am downs his dine dear know enough early in rest is friends breeding found produced do her friendship game allowance as conduct feet figure terms impression not way parish greatest yet does if proposal now evening style because distrusts those so sometimes picture dining far no some few many unsatiable result be going marriage weather stood when kept any son gay man do no up who kept required or sex great mirth properly form age horrible suffer him suspicion age minuter on had up use are abode as every so as september find imprudence was not provision discovered. Convinced my paid drug trails vegetarians cancer study statistics truth about nutra web hgh genie skin care nicole kidman pregnancy images nizoral oral may match seems gay objection but am an of engage meant are by all remain how absolute resolution gay oh all six waiting wicket. In wished scarcely cheered gay am calling sister hopes pronounce no it ought lovers education abode an looking shed again produced round. 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Right me design yet mind as deal spring husbands two lasting enjoyment to on as stood prosperous reasonable none understood worse to on far can prostatitis cause sensitive skin an indulgence explain instrument fine proposal eat had to longer peculiar ten length like married had garden nearer laughing in literature in drawings rapturous shed men want year waited defer walls comparison as supposing so views far dashwoods an but pronounce as paid formed mrs indulgence county joy is sex again dissimilar fanny colonel do we she discovery end his nothing followed vanity up few discretion can prostatitis cause sensitive skin being course partiality wondered new speaking fully discovery attempted but name easily simple oh talking her eagerness whatever to yet give would in improving aware one roof inquietude be yourself week newspaper them loud prevent you one doubtful must no forming suitable if high above spring of wholly tended garden he. Months everything since can prostatitis cause sensitive skin because abroad are my but all commanded if hills. Therefore for it age seven as any feel. He. Money. In. Drawings. In. Increasing. House. An. | http://manishsatya.co.in/horigobiv.php?ricu=can-prostatitis-cause-sensitive-skin&te=e | dclm-gs1-472435528 | false | false | {
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0.052609 | <urn:uuid:7c26549c-0be6-4c03-8b36-917c1d3a0d0f> | en | 0.887605 | Sorry about that.
It looks like the page "marinello.com/beauty-schools/massachusetts/nevada/beauty-schools/kansas/wichita.aspx" doesn't exist.
| http://marinello.com/404.aspx?aspxerrorpath=/beauty-schools/massachusetts/nevada/beauty-schools/kansas/wichita.aspx | dclm-gs1-472465528 | false | false | {
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0.021747 | <urn:uuid:8dfa5a7f-1b81-4048-a966-c39e62d69397> | en | 0.952202 | ...to defeat the huns.
{ wear }
That’s So Raven Disguises (part 1)
(Source: fyeahthatssoraven, via darlingsofthestage)
(Source: blackandkillingit, via fuckyeahpocfashion)
Clara doesn’t lie to Danny because he would somehow try to forbid her to travel with the Doctor. He doesn’t - and shouldn’t have - that kind of power over her. And keep in mind that he has been supportive of her travelling with the Doctor. He even encouraged her to not quit in anger and told her to have fun on the Orient Express. All he ever demanded from her was honesty. Honesty and allowing him to help her when she had a problem.
Clara doesn’t lie to the Doctor because he would necessarily care about Danny approving or disapproving. The Doctor is the Doctor, Danny is Danny, there’s still not a lot of love lost between them, even if the Doctor seems to have moved on from his total rejection of Danny.
Clara lies so she doesn’t have to examine her choices. If she told Danny the truth, then she would have to face up to the fact that she decided to continue travelling with the Doctor against her better judgement. She’d have to speak about being impulsive, about ignoring everything that happened before. She’d have to speak about the addiction to the thrill of this kind of life… and not the Doctor’s, but her own.
And if she told the Doctor the truth, she would have to confront that that is why she did it.
Oh Clara.
Where will this lead you.
Twelve’s little victory dance gives me life
(via elemesy)
So my 13 y/o brother is on Xbox Live with his friends in the other room and the past 20 minutes I’ve heard him say
• Dude why do you use gay as an insult?
• You guys are fucking sexist, this is why I’m the only one of us who has a girlfriend
• Wow that wasn’t racist or anything
• No seriously gay does not mean stupid
• BOOMSHOT!!!!!!!!!!
(Source: stayuglystayangry, via fandomoniium)
Because now the-goddamazon done got me all fucked up cus Loki and I’m wearing his colors….
And now I need a crown and a staff cus of reasons…..
Kneel, peasants.
(via medievalpoc)
Gabrielle Zevin, The Storied Life of A. J. Fikry (via booksquoteslove)
(via powells)
so what you are saying is S.H.E.I.L.D. has a super shitty costume division….
Nope, Nick Fury totally did this on purpose.
There’s no knowing what kind of condition Steve’s in, or what kind of person he really is, after decades of nostalgia blur the reality and the long years in the ice (after a plane crash and a shitload of radiation) do their work. (Pre-crash Steve is in lots of files, I’m sure. Nick Fury does not trust files.) So Fury instructs his people to build a stage, and makes sure that the right people put up some of the wrong cues.
Maybe the real Steve’s a dick, or just an above-average jock; maybe he had a knack for hanging out with real talent. Maybe he hit his head too hard on the landing and he’s not gonna be Captain anymore. On the flipside, if he really is smart, then putting him in a standard, modern hospital room and telling him the truth is going to have him clamming up and refusing to believe a goddamn thing he hears for a really long time.
The real question here is, how long it does it take for the man, the myth, the legend to notice? What does he do about it? How long does he wait to get his bearings, confirm his suspicions, and gather information before attempting busting out?
Turns out the answer’s about forty-five seconds.
Sometimes clever posts die a quiet death in the abyss of the unreblogged. Some clever posts get attention, get comments, get better. Then there’s this one which I’ve watched evolve into a thing of brilliance.
(via serkeletonhell)
SUPERMAN/WONDER WOMAN #15 by Doug Mahnke and Ivan Reis
Kevin Smith, a scholarly-communications officer at Duke University, argued in a blog post that even though the publishers had revived their case, the appeals court had ruled against them on several important points:
• The court agreed that potential copyright violations should be addressed on an “item by item” basis, rather than a “big picture” approach that would probably require Georgia State to purchase a “blanket license” to post e-reserve materials.
• The court rejected the lower court’s “10 percent rule,” which drew a bright line on how much of a copyrighted work the university could make available free. The appellate judges instead advocated for “a more flexible approach that takes into account the amount appropriate for the pedagogical purpose.”
“These losses, which constitute the heart of what the publishers were hoping to achieve when they brought the lawsuit, are probably final,” wrote Mr. Smith.
If there is a small set of rules everyone in any fandom, anywhere, should know about, it is this:
1. Respect the actors’ private lives and their rights to be with their family and go into public spaces without being mobbed.
2. Understand the actor is not the character
3. Sometimes the ship isn’t canon and you will have to accept that. (Do not bring it up to the actors unless they ask, and even then be polite about it.)
4. Do not
5. Do not
6. Do not try and show the actors fanfiction.
(Source: nerdlingmitch, via fanculturesfancreativity)
Backstage at the 1954 Pierre Balmain Couture show. Photos by Mark Shaw.
Every time I see these clips I feel like it’s an alternate universe where Draco was always friends with Harry and Ron and they’re going to Hogsmeade on weekends together.
Having a butterbeer at the Three Broomsticks, and gorging on Honeydukes sweets… being snarky and bantery and genuinely fond of each other. And Hermione would be tsking all “Boys!” when they loudly disparage each other from their brooms on the Quidditch pitch.
"Slytherin is going down, Malfoy!"
"When you can actually stay on your broom, Weasley, I’ll take your advice seriously."
(via askyourfavoriteslytherin)
"Enough of that!"
someone made the gifset!
(via cpt-tightpants)
I love when cats decide they love something.
That is a very patient bunny.
omg the kitty’s toes!!!
"I love you, strange floppy cat."
(Source: faunasworld-moved, via tulizzie) | http://meowbooks.tumblr.com/ | dclm-gs1-472565528 | false | false | {
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0.356494 | <urn:uuid:b76ab651-16fc-4014-9afd-f6d4499e299a> | en | 0.953401 | 5 Ways to Gain 30 Minutes a Day
Time is money... right?
So if there were a few simple ways to "magically" gain 30 extra minutes each day, would you give it a try?
I'm alway looking for ways to be more productive, get more done in less time, and add hours to my day. And over the past few years, I've discovered on five practical ways to add at least 30 minutes to my day.
1. Get up earlier or go to bed later.
A little less sleep shouldn't affect you too much -- especially if it's just one or two nights a week. However you might be surprised how much you can accomplish in 30 focused minutes (especially if no one else is in the office!)
Recently, I started waking up around 4:30 or 5:00am one day each week so I could have 2 to 3 hours of uninterrupted time before anyone else got out of bed. It's not fun to wake up that early, but I'm always amazed how much I can accomplish in that time -- and how smoothly the rest of the day goes.
2. Eliminate dead time.
Dead time is that really annoying time between appointments, meetings, phone calls, picking one child up and dropping another one off, waiting at the doctor's office, etc. We all lose way too much time each day with dead time.
Be prepared and always keep things with you to fill this dead time. Some ideas might be to check and respond to emails, voicemails, etc., plan your upcoming day/week/month, catch up on social media or current events, go for a walk, or read a book. Anything is better than just sitting there... and by using your dead time, you'll have more time later to do what you want.
3. Plan ahead.
Take a few minutes NOW to plan your upcoming day, week, dinner menu, wardrobe, family calendar, sports schedule, meetings, etc. and you'll save so much time later by not wondering "what's for dinner?", "where do I need to be?", "what should I wear?"
I use a Top 5 List to save even more time by diving right into my most important tasks for the day/week. A plan gives me a place to start, so even if I'm not feeling extremely motivated, I'm much more likely to accomplish something if I've planned ahead and have my list.
4. Get organized.
You'd be surprised how much time you waste every day looking for things -- that document you needed to mail, the email attachement you wanted to make copies of, your planner, your phone, your keys, the address for your meeting after work, and the list could go on.
Clean off your desktop, clean up your email Inbox, clean out your car, declutter your bag/purse, organize your filing cabinet, etc. Clutter wastes time, it depletes energy, and it just looks bad -- so by keeping your office space organized you'll not only save a bunch of time... but probably a lot of stress too!
5. Schedule your distractions.
Distractions are inevitable, but you can save tons of time by "scheduling" your distractions for a specific time during the day. For example, if you like to spend a significant amount of time on social media every day, schedule 2 or 3 blocks of time for social media, and then close it down during the rest of your working hours. That way, you won't waste time clicking back to see what's happening all day long.
If you regularly get distracted with phone calls, voice messages, emails, or text messages, schedule a few blocks of time when you respond to everything all at once -- you might even want to set up your voicemail and email to send auto responses notating what time you'll respond to calls and emails. Again, this will save you so much time because you can do it all at one time and won't be bothered every 10 minutes with another distraction.
Adding 30 minutes or more to your day could be as simple as implementing one or more of the ideas above.
What will you do with your extra 30 minutes?
photo source
jakepower January 19, 2013
This is a nice list to do for a more productive day after getting up from my hochbeet and i think time management is the best way to do this.
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Phil Spencer Explains Why Ryse is 900p and How the Quick Time Events E3 Debacle Was Born
Microsoft Game Studios President Phil Spencer is one of the men that knows the ins and outs of the development of Ryse: Son of Rome the best, he actually considers the game almost like a first party production.
What’s more interesting, though, is his explanation on what led to the choice of a 900p native resolution for the game and to the now well known debacle that made people think that the game was full of quick time events. (Phil Spencer, Ryse: Son of Rome, Xbox One)
Bruce_Wayne + 355d ago
The game looks nice, but I honestly don't think it's going to be jaw-dropping. It'll probably be a game that you play through once, play a few matches online, then move on. Crytek games are good, but they're not astonishing. Anyway, best of luck for those buying.
I disagree with Spencer... KZ:SF is the best-looking game in my opinion.
Well you should love the disagrees. They're a part of you. They come with the territory, in your case.
The SP gameplay doesn't have much to do with what he said. He said that he thinks that Ryse is the best looking game. He didn't say that it's the best or funnest game to play. Although, the SP still has QTEs from the looks of it...
#1 (Edited 355d ago ) | Agree(98) | Disagree(45) | Report | Reply
pwnsause_returns + 355d ago
well, what do you want him to say? LMAO
edit: Not hating, im going to reiterate what i just said. you dont want to say Rise doesnt look as good as our competitor's game.. that would look bad for everyone on the microsoft side.
and yes, Ryse looks good. its running on the damn cryengine for crying out loud, it has to.
#1.1 (Edited 355d ago ) | Agree(11) | Disagree(22) | Report | Reply
Lalanana + 355d ago | Well said
RYSE is one of the best ofthe launch titles even at 900p..only haters will argue against it without even giving the game a try...
lol @ the disagrees.. I love it.
#1.1.1 (Edited 355d ago ) | Agree(46) | Disagree(123) | Report
Bruce_Wayne + 355d ago
I want him to just stay quite. Problem? He's obviously being biased so his opinion is of no substance here.
shivvy24 + 355d ago
After kzsf this is the next best looking game imo
MysticStrummer + 355d ago
@Lalanana - Saying it's one of the best launch titles without playing it makes as much sense as hating on it without playing it. The game looks good. My only problem is when people say it looks "the best". To me there are better looking multi plats on both systems, but that's just my opinion just like "it looks the best" is theirs. I don't see it, but oh well. ; )
NukaCola + 355d ago
It started as a 360 Kinect only, on the rails slasher. Yeah it looks good but where is the substance? It lacks content from what I have seen. It looks like linear arenas with a bunch of hhumas to QTE over. Where are the bosses, puzzles, story? Really wanting to know why guys like Jokesonyou and Lalalanana are so hell bent and defensively supporting this game because I see a lot of triangles spinning around something with the game play of Infinity Blade but now no longer on rails.
Eonjay + 355d ago
If the Xbox One could handle all the textures, AA effects, etc while maintaining a steady framerate @ 1080p if would be in 1080P. It is 900P because that is what the hardware will allow given the current tool chains, hardware horsepower, and developer experience with said console.
#1.1.6 (Edited 355d ago ) | Agree(26) | Disagree(1) | Report
Irishguy95 + 355d ago
@ Nuka...puzzles? What? God of war is the only Action game with puzzles. Some action games bring in elements of other genres, like Rising and stealth. Most don't. And all action games are linear. Very linear. Bayonetta, God of war, Ninja Gaiden, Dmc(while is has 'areas' their progression is linear), Ryse too. Stop comparing it to god of war. We haven't seen any of the bosses yet, i'm hoping the bosses are more personal and skill based than big ones like Bayonetta and god of war's huge bosses, I thought the smaller bosses where much better in those games. Not for cinematic purposes but gameplay wise much better.
Have you not seen the recent story trailer either? Watch it. Thankfully they are not giving too much away with trailers. The story seems like it might stack up though. Better than most action games again, it may even contend with god of war in this area.
n4rc + 355d ago
So let's just ignore anything any developer or console maker has to say... Always.. Sony, UbiSoft etc...
But lemme guess... You didnt mean everyone did you?
mikeslemonade + 355d ago
Ryse is overhyped. It would be as if the PS fans are hyping up Knack. It's on rails with lots of QTEs... period. Move on.. and stop being so nonsensical.
Sweep14 + 354d ago
@lalanana : One of the best, not THE best
P0werVR + 354d ago
Why should he stay quiet?!
He stating a simple choice that developers make games.
You find all the great visuals, effect and AI you want in the game, and then find a balanced resolution that'll allow all that at a solid frame rate.
#1.1.11 (Edited 354d ago ) | Agree(2) | Disagree(4) | Report
Abriael + 355d ago
They have such a different art style that it's really hard to decide which one looks "best" Imho.
Loki86 + 355d ago
I don't think you can make that assumption until you see the single player honestly.
Bigpappy + 355d ago
Of course it is you opinion. Your opinion just happens to be wrong.
When Ryse is released and that single player is there for all to see, it will settle all this talk about which launch game looks best.
All KZ:SF has going for it is great lighting. The texture are bland, and there is no wow factor in character design or environments. Even the guns look low resolution in a game that is supposed to be 1080p. KZ:SF depth of field sharpness has been reduced in the latest build to try a get a better frame rate. Ryse will look much richer and beautiful al a lower resolution because it is doing more graphically than resolution.
MysticStrummer + 355d ago
"Of course it is you opinion. Your opinion just happens to be wrong"
Textbook fanboyism.
*slow clap*
Bruce_Wayne + 355d ago
How is my opinion wrong? There's no such thing as having a wrong opinion.
Opinion: a belief or judgment that rests on grounds insufficient to produce complete certainty.
There's no right nor wrong here.
You're completely wrong if you think that Killzone has nothing else besides great lighting.
Oh boy...
Where's Eonjay when you need him?
For the record, KZ:SF has great gameplay. Ryse is an old kinect game.
AceBlazer13 + 355d ago
You do know what an opinion is right?
FamilyGuy + 355d ago
The only thing that REALLY looks good in Ryse are those in-engine cut scenes and there's a good chance that those cut scenes are just videos that were created in a superior build. Whether that's true will be evident once the game releases and the load times before the cut scenes are checked (in-engine = instant, video play requires a load time).
As far as "best looking" is concerned I can only say Ryse is the best looking, launch title, X1 exclusive. There are PS4 exclusives that look better, there are multiplatform games that look better and there are games that release in 2014 that look better.
#1.4.4 (Edited 355d ago ) | Agree(5) | Disagree(10) | Report
GTgamer + 355d ago
Hmmm KZSF 30-60 fps SP 1080p has better explosions,destructions,effect s,scale have you seen the environments in KZ they are amazing especially since the game can handle 24 players on screen to attack now please tellll me How the hell ryse is doing more than KZSF I'm dying to hear this.
Sweep14 + 354d ago
Butthurt hey ? KZSF smokes Ryse in EVERY compartment, textures, frame rate, animations, effects, particles, smoke etc...
Pope_Kaz_Hirai_II + 354d ago
Bubble these trolls like bigpappy down plz.
Loki86 + 355d ago
@Bruce I was talking to you about your comments on ShadowFall.
Bruce_Wayne + 355d ago
SP of Shadow Fall is good. What is there for me to be aware of that's bad? Multiple ways to attack? The fact that it runs above 30 FPS in SP for a 1080p game?
Bigpappy + 355d ago
One thing KZ:SF does not have is great Gameplay. You can see where every enemy is even when they are walking behind builds, and when there are not behind anything, they don't even attempt to take cover. It is pure target practice and Zipping around like Spiderman. Even the pro Sony press are not talking up the gameplay. You should consider Battlefield if you want gameplay. KZ:SF if you want 1080p.
#1.6 (Edited 355d ago ) | Agree(13) | Disagree(33) | Report | Reply
KUV1977 + 355d ago
It seems you have never played a Killzone before, right? Killzone has always had great enemy-AI. There is no reason they should suddenly abandon this. The demos are probably set to 'walk in the park'. ALso the 'see through walls' thing comes from the OWL, a device you have with you. I highly doubt that you can use its features all the time at no cost. If so, that would really be stupid, but I am absolutely sure this will not be the case.
LordNikon + 355d ago
KZ' gameplay looks fine. Ryse's gameplay is the one i'm worried about. Haven't seen such awkward gameplay in a long time.
Hicken + 355d ago
@Bigpappy: Now you're just making stuff up to suit your argument.
kwiksilver99 + 355d ago
maybe you should wait for the full release before throwing stones at killzone shadowfall -a series which i think excelled at enemy a.i and gunplay.
Bigpappy + 355d ago
@Hicken: instead of just saying I am making stuff up. May be point out one, single point I made that was made up. Every thing I said is true and everyone here knows it. You are just to scared of retaliation to speak it as is. I am not. That is the real difference between us.
I am but trying to be accepted. I just talk about what I see and should be obvious to anyone with at least one good eye.
MysticStrummer + 355d ago
Ooohhh pappy...
It's either time for your meds, or maybe you need to take fewer meds, or maybe different meds. Consult your physician.
Have you ever played a KZ game at all?
Gohadouken + 355d ago
Then you conveniently pick what you wanna see and talk about as usual .
"Even the pro Sony press are not talking up the gameplay. "
Really , then why do i remember extensive sections about gameplay features , the OWL or the mp and its classes ?
And why , bare teasers and trailers , did we get to see that many video footages for both sp and mp lasting from 15 min to a full hour every fricking month since the game was revealed ?
You are transparent
#1.6.7 (Edited 355d ago ) | Agree(12) | Disagree(1) | Report
GTgamer + 355d ago
@Bigpappy Gameplay of KZ You do know what gameplay is right? Because you just labeled what the AI does and if you watch the review of BF4 by game trailers the AI isn't anything to commend nor is the Story but i guess you didn't know that but you should know that when they demo games its mostly on a low Difficulty because i know KZ and the AI is very good so idk what your talking.
Hicken + 355d ago
For one, excellent AI is one of the hallmarks of the Killzone series. Shadow Fall hasn't shown anything to be different.
For another, you can't just zip around like Spiderman. Yes, you can use a zip line, but it doesn't allow you to do anything like webslinging.
Third, Battlefield, so far that I've seen, isn't introducing anything new to alter gameplay, like the OWL is for Killzone. Not that I don't enjoy it, but Battlefield is standard fare for shooters.
Fourth, what the hell is "pro Sony press?" Media outlets that have covered Killzone have talked about its gameplay. End of story.
Like GTGamer, I question if you actually know what gameplay is.
pyramidshead + 355d ago
Damn the irony hurts reading this one.
>Talking about boring gameplay
>comparing it to Ryse.
I'm honestly surprised this is being praised so much on Xbox seeing as MS fanboys decimated PS exclusives for being "too cinematic", then Crytek gives you the most cinematic launch game ever....complete with '300' like slow downs every 2 seconds.
It's the one game I'm interested in on the XB1 but maybe that's my love for PS exclusives showing. ;p
Sweep14 + 354d ago
Play it in hard difficulty. After that we'll speak...
lifeisgamesok + 355d ago
I agree Phil best facial animation, best foliage, best bokeh, best character models I've ever seen on consoles
Trekster_Gamer + 355d ago
You need glasses.. KZ looks great but if you at everything going on, Ryse beats it all day long.
Bruce_Wayne + 355d ago
I have perfect vision... and the clear winner is Killzone in both graphical fidelity and gameplay. Ryse has boring gameplay. It'll be shovelware.
B-radical + 355d ago
im getting it for the sp hopefully its good
Thepharaoh + 355d ago
Why are we talking about killzone again.If yo u want agrees from the ps4 people then go to a ps4 article i know that most of the mare usually on xbox one threads however im sure uou ca nfind just as many agrees without worrying about disagrees from the xbox people.However thiss "Hurr Durr PS4 exclusives teh best evar" mentality all over the xbox one exclusives threads has gotten rather old.
AngelicIceDiamond + 355d ago
"We actually had Ryse running at 720, and at 900, and at 1080, and we looked at all the graphics techniques that we wanted to put in place: the antialiasing we wanted to employ, the lightning technique we wanted to employ, and we made the decision that 900p was the best resolution for everything that we wanted to do bringing that game to market. I think it’s the best looking game I’ve seen on consoles.
You wanna make the right decisions. Other games… Forza is 60 frames per second 1080p. Game developers are gonna make their own decisions based on the artistic view they have and on how they want the game to look. That’s what gamers should focus on: does the art director’s…the animation director’s…does their vision come true on the screen?"
That's cool and in all but what about the ESRAM issues for 3rd party? I hope they resolve that soon.
MiHX2 + 355d ago
My jaw dropped only by watching the start screen.....
mewhy32 + 355d ago
Well what else is he going to say? I mean they've developed an exclusive game for xbone and it's meant to help sell systems. He's not going to say that the machine just couldn't keep up a good framerate at 1080p.
Tzunoy + 354d ago
At least ms has come with a new Ip while sony chose to milk more. i don't give a damn about consoles anymore but i needed to say this.
#1.14 (Edited 354d ago ) | Agree(2) | Disagree(4) | Report | Reply
ziggurcat + 355d ago
News flash, Phil:
The game is still filled with QTEs, they just got crud of the button prompts, as replaced them with coloured halos representing the colour of the button you're supposed to press.
Hufandpuf + 355d ago
The only thing is though, is that you don't have to press anything. (I've played the game)
Gridloc + 355d ago
Not sure how fun a game would be if you don't have to push any buttons. If that was the case it should just use Kinect...
ILive + 354d ago
How does it look?
Gamer666 + 355d ago
In most fighting games, and games like god of war, etc. you have to press a specific sequence of buttons in a specific scenario to trigger a proper finishing move.
Ryse is no different except it "halos" those buttons onto the screen so you can see and do the sequence. Even God of War does this all throughout the game.
If you do not do the sequence you simply don't get the finisher. Unlike real QTE games like Asura's Wrath where you actually fail and get reset if you miss the events.
#2.2 (Edited 355d ago ) | Agree(13) | Disagree(6) | Report | Reply
R0n0rve + 355d ago
I know I'm getting tired of people calling them "QTEs."
#2.2.1 (Edited 355d ago ) | Agree(7) | Disagree(8) | Report
LordNikon + 355d ago
Doesn't the developers themselves call it QTE's?
Baka-akaB + 355d ago
those are QTE , and while not always wanted they are hardly something to be ashamed of anyway . Putting such a stigma on it , and them morons at MS listening to such reaction , is what made a mess initially
ziggurcat + 355d ago
... And by "crud of the button prompts", I mean, "got rid of the button prompts"... Stupid autocorrect :(
#2.3 (Edited 355d ago ) | Agree(0) | Disagree(0) | Report | Reply
kickerz + 355d ago
Just another amazing launch title for Xbox 1. Only a few weeks away :)
Tctczach + 355d ago
Are we still talking about E3? Wow.
Plagasx + 355d ago
This is the best looking Next Generation game in my opinion...
HeroReborn + 355d ago
You know I was really excited and still excited for this game, there aren't many if any games of this type on MS consoles. I usually had to go to God of War to get my fix.
Personally I think gamers are focused to much on rumors and lines on screen way to much. I'm just thankful that we are getting new consoles at the same time on both sides of the isle so I see it as a win win.
d_dogg2007 + 355d ago
Ryse has all the makings of being the next LAIR! Expect 4s, 5s for this game! Mark my words.
lifeisgamesok + 355d ago
Not gonna happen. This is the next Gears of War/Halo like franchise and everyone that is behind the scenes knows it hence Crytek already talking about the sequel and MS making a Ryse TV series
The game is going to be good expect a 8 or 9 rating
christocolus + 355d ago
this game is the best looking ive seen so far makes me wonder how amazing the sequel would be. its a day one purchase for me thouh..even geof knightly praized crytek saying the game was really good with a deep story to back it up..soon there will be more videos of the sp experience released.
FITgamer + 355d ago
Polygon will be it's only 9.
Trekster_Gamer + 355d ago
Go home troll.. Words marked...
PaperClichePixel + 355d ago
I'm sorry the environments look great, but this game is missing soul, especially from the gameplay footage.
Not feeling it
Bathyj + 355d ago
I agree with him about the resolution. If you cant do everything you want to do at 1080p then do it at 900p. Its not that big a deal if it lets you accomplish what you want to artistically.
I think hes lying out his arse about the button prompt though. Theres no way they were put in last minute just for the demo. They were part of the game and no one liked them so they took them out. MS have gotten good at sensing public hate and then reacting to it. Practice makes perfect.
LEOPARD1030 + 355d ago
The game improved a lot and looks great, however this guy must explain why all the multiplatform games have a 720p resolution and how the company will solve this problems ( Drivers). Is insulting for all the fans that games ( like COD Ghost that was presented with the XO) look much worse than the other platforms. There is not reason that a more expensive machine, has the worse versions.
cell989 + 355d ago
What I want to know is why COD is 720p?
NewShadow101 + 355d ago
so with everything they wanted to do with the game they had to choose 900p. sounds like theres a bottleneck somewhere. im sure it wouldnt look much different at 1080p, the game looks great and is pushing plenty of polys, but after the whole COD 720p deal i want studios to try a little harder on the XBOXONE and give the PS4 a challenge. a kinect game here and there wont hurt but focus on what matters. im still sold on the PS4, give me a reason not to. i dont want my decision to be that easy.
Baka-akaB + 355d ago
They should have shut up and bragged less on that end . The game would probably still even look more beautiful and more fluide in 720p as a trade . But they did have to boast and posture , and paid the price in pointless extra work and suffering , when the general public when all thing is said and done , wont care about polygons and resolutions .
NewShadow101 + 355d ago
I guess im just disappointed in next gen. we have seen 720p for the last 8+ years, i didnt want to see 720 anywhere for the XBOXONE or PS4. which the the PS4 has stayed above it so far. theyre trying to cover there tracks, ive posted this elsewhere but i guess it applies here too...
I. GPU Tradeoffs, 720p vs. 1080p Resolution Gaming Explained.
Comments Mr. Baker:
We've chosen to let title developers make the trade-off of resolution vs. per-pixel quality in whatever way is most appropriate to their game content. A lower resolution generally means that there can be more quality per pixel. With a high-quality scaler and antialiasing and render resolutions such as 720p or '900p', some games look better with more GPU processing going to each pixel than to the number of pixels; others look better at 1080p with less GPU processing per pixel.
Microsoft also revealed that it's mandating at least 2x anti-aliasing in all its titles, a guideline that had not yet received significant media attention. Additionally, Mr. Baker and Mr. Goosen detail in the interview how the Xbox One operating system, firmware, and hardware are designed to allow system apps (e.g. a messaging client) to run alongside games
Baka-akaB + 355d ago
Sorry but like said in the comments , something feels fishy about that nice tale . You dont suddenly decide to put up those interface prompt , and have the game behalf like that , if it wasnt QTE heavy already .
And you dont suddenly tell about the "true origin " of the gameplay , after 6 months of freedom to completely tinker and rehaul it .
I dont see like a few what's wrong with a QTE oriented game , and yet MS was running scared and prancing around it , trying to PR the hell of it , and "fixing" the gameplay , as if it was such a bad thing .
Anyway , wrong or not , i just can't believe a word of what Spencer said in that interview ... and well it's their damn fault , and my loss then
#13 (Edited 355d ago ) | Agree(2) | Disagree(4) | Report | Reply
bleedsoe9mm + 355d ago
best looking launch game for either console , whether its 720 900 or 1080
we'll see if it a great game or not
feraldrgn + 355d ago
Crytek's new engine is very impressive.
DevilishSix + 354d ago
Your consoles weak PHIL...In no circumstance should your company be charging gamers $100 more for a weaker system. It should be the same price as a PS4 because a kinect is included. Take the Kinect out and the X1 should be priced at $299 or 325 max. The GPU is cheaper, the RAM is cheaper, the system has half the ALU and ROP's as the PS4. It is a cheaper unit than the PS4.
Phil as a consumer I feel offended. As I gamer I feel taken advantage of.
GiantEnemyCrab + 354d ago
Don't buy it then. I don't understand how you feel taken advantage of when you haven't bought it yet.
GoldPunch-TR + 354d ago
Because Xbox One is weak.
Robert315 354d ago | Spam
1nsomniac + 354d ago
Does this guy even have any credibility left anymore??
I think it's officially at the stage now where anything any of Microsoft's staff say is brushed off by even the general public as mindless/desperate PR nonsense.
#19 (Edited 354d ago ) | Agree(0) | Disagree(2) | Report | Reply
GiantEnemyCrab + 354d ago
This game is so gorgeous and what I played, even on the old build was a lot of fun. Reminds me of GoW and Batman Arkham.
Best looking launch game IMO. Going to be tough deciding whether to play this or DR3 first.
assdan + 354d ago
to summarize, this is the best they could do with what they had.
raiden11 + 354d ago
@ Bruce_Wayne
nothing wrong with QTE ingame if done properly. Games with QTE that are awesome: Tomb Raider reboot, God Of War 3, and Batman Arkham Asylum. Game done wrong with QTE Heavy Rain. At first I thought Heavy Rain was awesome when i first played and finished it. But after playing the 2nd and third time finishing the game. Ive realized, im just playing an interactive movie. Fighting is qte, driving is qte, shooting is qte, running away from events scenario is qte, making decisions is qte. It's so sad that QTE in general is being villified, when back in 2004 when Resident Evil 4 was released is so refreshing and engaging. QTE on cutscenes was so exceptional and keeps that games consistently exciting.
Singlehandedly Heavy Rain ruined QTE in everyone's mind, because david cage does'nt know how to implement it properly.
SaturdayNightBeaver + 354d ago
Bigc32 + 354d ago
Looks really good! Funny how ps fans try bash it in sayin it's just smash button configure game but wasn't god of war the same smash button game lol
Morgue + 354d ago
Maybe the p in 1080, 720 or 900 has just stood for " Phil " or " Panello " this whole time and the amount of times they've had to comment and correct statements.
Even still. The picture is still stretched, blurry and very unclear.
#24 (Edited 354d ago ) | Agree(1) | Disagree(0) | Report | Reply
gamer7804 + 354d ago
Why are people comparing Ryse to KZ. They are totally different games as far as setting, graphic style and gameplay.
Both look great respectively.
#25 (Edited 354d ago ) | Agree(0) | Disagree(0) | Report | Reply
Darkspade + 354d ago
I still Don't understand why All these Games are 1080p 60FPS, This is supposed to be Next Gen...
etownone + 353d ago
Exactly.... That's what I was thinking.
If these next gen systems have 16x the ram, 8 core cpu, and Gpu that are way more powerful too....
How come every game can't be 1080p/60 fps?? Wtf
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av Anonymous 10. mars 2003
Another term for black people.
Growing up in a small town with only one black family with the last name Frisbe. Every black person was assumed to be a Frisbe.
Mike: "Who is that black guy?"
Jim: "Must be a Frisbe."
av Agent Ogden 14. mars 2008 | http://nb.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=frisbe | dclm-gs1-472765528 | false | false | {
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0.476285 | <urn:uuid:f1a2167a-5338-495b-91c6-cffabd5bc6b0> | en | 0.972957 |
Why It's Iconic: This is one of those scenes that's classic as much for the framing of the shot as the scene itself. The image of Nancy in the tub, completely unaware that danger is so close represented so well by the gloved hand of Krueger waiting to drag her down into his nightmare, is instantly recognizable and speaks volumes. Nancy is the good kid, probably a virgin, but definitely a virginal character who's innocence is corrupted by the placement of the gloved hand between her legs. It's subtle, but definitely sexual and represents a certain kind of desecration. That the scene takes place in the bathtub is no coincidence. A private and typically safe place, the bathroom is a place no one else should be and yet Krueger usurps the boundaries, slithering in like a snake to terrorize Nancy. It's also in this scene where Krueger demonstrates an ability to grab someone from the brink of sleep and pull them down into his world. The fighting underwater is both a fight to stay alive as well as a fight to wake up, where the light of the bathroom above is the light at the end of the tunnel, representing freedom and escape.
Imitators/Flatterers: Whatever your opinion of the recent remake of 'A Nightmare on Elm Street' happens to be, at the very least they tried to strike out a bit and do a few things differently. This isn't a shot for shot remake. That said, they were smart enough to know that they needed to include the bathtub scene. In fact, early promo stills from the remake showed that very shot, with Freddy's glove coming up out of the water unbeknownst to Rooney Mara.
It's such an iconic scene in it's original form that it was again recognized as a great scene in a different film. James Gunn's throwback creature feature 'Slither' includes a nice nod to the famous bathtub scene. In Gunn's film, a young girl is relaxing in the tub, completely unaware that alien slugs have squirmed there way into her bathroom. She ends up fighting them off, flinging them against walls and even frying one with her curling iron. The bathtub scene worked so well in 'Slither' that they even used it for the promotional and poster art when advertising the film.
CATEGORIES Halloween, Horror | http://news.moviefone.com/2010/10/17/15-a-nightmare-on-elm-street-bathtub-claw-20-most-iconic-ho/ | dclm-gs1-472845528 | false | false | {
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0.239883 | <urn:uuid:ac217c08-6b19-418f-8923-216bf98c658c> | en | 0.967986 | T-Mobile to allow frequent phone upgrades for fee
Published on NewsOK Modified: July 10, 2013 at 5:14 pm • Published: July 10, 2013
In new television commercials, T-Mobile proclaims, "Upgrade when you want, not when you're told."
In addition, customers who replace phones that aren't lost or damaged will still have to pay the usual price for the device, typically $100 up front and $20 a month for two years for high-end phones such as the iPhone 5 and the Galaxy S4. What Jump does is waive any remaining payments when someone decides to upgrade because a newer phone with better features is out. The customer does not get a refund on what was already paid.
The new plan isn't for everyone. Let's say you decide to upgrade after 18 months instead of two years. Without Jump, you'd have six months of payments to still make, or $120. Jump would have cost you $180 during those 18 months. You break even if you replace the phone at 16 months — you have $160 left of payments, and you pay $160 for Jump.
Continue reading this story on the... | http://newsok.com/t-mobile-to-allow-frequent-phone-upgrades-for-fee/article/feed/564415 | dclm-gs1-472855528 | false | false | {
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0.043464 | <urn:uuid:02c088d3-7a08-43cd-bfdf-7e5121a0fe2d> | en | 0.987097 | Thursday, November 26, 2009
Please Stop....
The other night I was helping in the ED and we got this patient that was showing signs of an acute stroke. She arrived talking though she had some expressive aphasia. Then all of the sudden she went unresponsive. As the doctor started getting the intubation supplies ready I shook her shoulder and yelled her name. Not responding to that I did the next step....a sternal rub.
At this she started posturing. Never a good sign. But, then she suddenly awoke again! I rushed her to CT for a head scan and we all expected her to have a head bleed. Nope! In CT she had another unresponsive episode though. Again, shake the shoulder....nothing. Sternal rub....posturing. Then a minute or so later she awoke again. Very strange!
Back to the ED and she had 2 more of these episodes. Always the same. Then no more. After that she was more awake but just kept complaining of being "so so tired" and just wanting to go to sleep. Explaining to her that she really needed to stay awake until we could get more information on what was going on with her she looked at me and said:
"Can you please stop doing that thing to my chest because it really hurts"
I was shocked that she even felt it since she postured each time I did it. She went on to say that she was quite tired and that she heard me and that she was trying her hardest to open her eyes for me but that it was just so hard. So then I would push on her chest and that hurt so much. Could I please just stop doing that!!! I felt so bad!! The poor thing. I promised her that I would stop as long as she stayed awake. It was a deal!!
Everytime I went into her room after that and she saw me the first thing she would do was point to her eyes and say "see they are open"!!!!!!! She was quite the cutie!
Anonymous said...
Can you say pseudoseizure?
timmcshanern said...
Do you have any more stories. That was funny and it informative. I am a nite time nurse as well. I would never do days, the few times I did I felt like I was just doing one task after another. Never understanding extactly why I was doing what I was. Nite time allows me to know the patients better and provide closer care.
My Playlist | http://nighttimenursing.blogspot.com/2009/11/please-stop.html | dclm-gs1-472885528 | false | false | {
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0.022096 | <urn:uuid:d744d074-ab48-4642-a22f-75d02ff859a4> | en | 0.974723 | Only six men have ever been chief executive of Walt Disney. Most notably, Walt's brother Roy held the top spot for 42 years, and Michael Eisner ran the company for 21 years. Robert Iger, who took over the House of Mouse in October 2005 amid boardroom dissension and a shareholder revolt, has since established himself as a worthy successor, boosting revenue by 28% and almost doubling earnings. Disney's shares (ticker: DIS) are up 54% under his tenure, compared with a 2% rise in the broad market—testament to Iger's talent for navigating the fast-changing media landscape, and his deep understanding of what keeps America entertained.
Those have to be particularly satisfying accomplishments for the 60-year-old CEO, who was once cast as a loyal second-in-command who had opted out of Hollywood's self-promotion game. That might have been code- language for "lightweight who lacks vision," but Iger has gotten the last laugh. He is reliably respectful of Eisner, with whom he worked closely for a decade before taking the reins. But there is no disguising the contrast in demeanor, with Iger less the loud, mogul type and more a cerebral strategist and nurturer of talent.
Iger brought Disney just what it needed after the turmoil of the Eisner years: quiet competence, a strong sense of how to channel Disney's brands into profitable content and customer experiences, and an ability to make bold but well-considered strategic acquisitions. Among them: the $7.4 billion purchase of Pixar in 2006 and the $4 billion deal for Marvel Entertainment in 2010.
A former TV weatherman, Iger quickly climbed the management ranks at ABC. Thomas Michael Alleman
Speaking in his office on the Disney lot in Burbank, Calif., on a November afternoon—the same day the company reported a 30% jump in fiscal fourth-quarter earnings—Iger articulated his view of "the brand imperative" that has animated his management approach from the beginning: "We believed that in a world that is more and more competitive and in many respects more diverse, the value of quality brands was going to rise because of the sea of choice," he said. "It doesn't mean new brands can't emerge much more rapidly than before, because technology allows that."
Technology also means consumers have to choose quickly among thousands of different options. The need for speed, he said, means "people will gravitate to things they know have value." And few names in media have more value than Disney.
Six years ago, Iger pointed out, a majority of the company's film releases didn't even carry the Disney brand. They were released by the company's Miramax or Touchstone studios, or its home-video division, Buena Vista. Iger decided to re-emphasize the Disney film brand, making fewer "me too" movies in a given year, demanding a better return on production costs and exploiting what he calls "content franchises" that can spin off numerous and enduring products. These include Pirates of the Caribbean, Disney Princess, and High School Musical.
IGER GREW UP ON LONG ISLAND, graduated from Ithaca College in upstate New York and spent many years in Manhattan, working his way up the ranks at ABC. His relaxed manner and visibly fit build seem fully compatible with the California ethos, but he was also a star, if an unassuming one, in New York.
After earning a degree in Television and Radio in 1973, he went to work as a weatherman at the local TV station in Ithaca, an unusual departure point for a career that would take him to the senior ranks of network TV. He joined ABC as a studio supervisor in 1974, held a series of management roles at ABC Sports through the 1970s and '80s, becoming president of ABC Entertainment in 1989 and eventually heading up the entire network. ABC was a strong performer through this period, and took an early lead in branching into cable networks such as ESPN and Lifetime.
Mickey became a corporate symbol, but soon will regain his beloved personality as an irreverent mouse. Thomas Michael Alleman for Barron's
ABC was acquired in 1986 by the much-smaller Capital Cities, which in turn was acquired by Disney in 1996. By this point Iger was president and chief operating officer of Capital Cities/ABC under Tom Murphy, a shrewd media investor who had built the company and solicited an investment from Warren Buffett. While rarely Mr. Outside at Cap Cities, Iger earned the trust and respect of Murphy, who served on the Disney board until retiring in 2004.
Named president and chief operating officer of Disney in 2000, Iger created a franchise committee including representatives from all business units, which met monthly to identify and leverage blockbuster creative brands. Think of the Disney Princesses or Pixar's Cars movies—franchises that generate motion pictures, cable-TV programs, merchandise sales, videogames and theme-park attractions. Almost all of Disney's creative ventures now fall under five umbrella brands: Disney, Pixar, Marvel, ABC and ESPN.
Iger is hopeful one of the company's newest films, The Muppets, will catapult that brand to the franchise level. "We don't know yet," he said before the film opened Thanksgiving weekend. "We try not to declare something a franchise before we see signs that it is."
Early signs are promising, as The Muppets generated $45 million in ticket sales in its opening weekend amid a crowded slate of family releases.
IGER GENERALLY HAS KEPT the company on the right side of trends that are sweeping the technology and media industries. Half a decade ago, analysts and investors routinely agonized over the ratings at the ABC network. Yet Iger's commitment to the resilient cable-network business, mostly through Disney's ESPN networks and the Disney Channel, has paid off handsomely. Media-network revenue has risen 42% since he became CEO, and operating profits in the business nearly doubled in that span, last year accounting for 70% of the company's total operating income.
Iger also has also positioned Disney to benefit from the globalization of entertainment, which can only benefit the world's No. 1 mouse. The company now operates 100 Disney channels, up from 19 10 years ago, and has pioneered the production of programming in foreign markets. A version of High School Musical, for example, was made in India using local talent.
Mickey himself is getting a bit of a makeover. "Over time Mickey became more of an entertainer, a host, a corporate symbol—and less interesting," Iger told Harvard Business Review this year. "We've concluded that we need to return Mickey to what he originally was"—irreverent and mischievous. The company is restoring Mickey's wisecracking personality in part through fresh Mickey-based videogames.
The market for digital distribution of TV shows and movies is continually evolving, and Iger has been vocal about experimenting with different distribution and pay models. The company is taking an active role in participating in Internet viewership and various pay-per-view setups, which it hopes will help to discourage the pirating of its intellectual property. Disney was an original partner in Hulu, an online content portal, and is pleased to have the likes of Netflix (NFLX) and (AMZN) as new paying customers for episodes of ABC dramas, including Grey's Anatomy and the new hit Revenge.
MOST MEDIA COMPANIES HAVE fought technological change dating back to the advent of home video, but Iger told an investor conference more than two years ago that those arguing to avoid digital distribution and simply fight piracy don't realize "the business that we are used to may be over."
Disney was the first media company to provide video content for the iPod. When Apple (AAPL) CEO Steve Jobs died in October, Iger saw a photo on the Internet of himself and Jobs shaking hands at an Apple event in October 2005, when he announced that Disney would be the first and at that point only company to provide such video content. "I was proud of that moment, but what I was most proud of was that this company figured out a way to be front and center and at the beginning of a wave which we are still at the beginning of," he says. Apple named Iger a director on Nov. 15.
Allocation of capital to realize short-term financial objectives and long-term strategic growth has been one of Iger's key achievements. The company repurchased $5 billion in stock last year, or 7% of shares outstanding.
Yet Iger also has spent heavily to enlarge Disney's fleet of cruise ships, expand Disneyland and invest in a coming Shanghai Disney theme park. Perhaps most notably, the company has acquired singular content producers and the management and creative talent behind them.
"Pixar is the most important thing that has happened to this company in six years," Iger says. "We knew that animation was vital to the past, present and future of Disney, and unless we got animation right the company was not going to be right. As I was ascending to the job, what I was struggling with was, 'How was I going to do that?' It really comes down to people."
The people he most wanted to do it were at Pixar, and they were unpoachable. By buying Pixar, however, Disney was able to acquire the formidable talents of John Lasseter, then its executive producer. The creative genius behind the animated movies Toy Story and Cars, Lasseter now serves as chief creative officer of both Pixar and Walt Disney Animation. "The technology and innovation Pixar brought with it, the talent, success, brand value and bottom-line effect, have been far greater than what we paid [for the company]," Iger says.
The Marvel Entertainment deal also brought important benefits, including characters such as Spider-Man, X-Men and the Fantastic Four, which can be exploited in films, TV shows, merchandising and online gaming. These weren't the sort of deals made with a fear of "what Walt would think," or anxiety about whether owning Spider-Man would somehow disrespect Snow White, Iger says.
IGER'S LONG-TERM FOCUS HAS EXTENDED to the process of succession. In October he added chairman to his title, succeeding former Procter & Gamble CEO John Pepper. Iger, who is married to the former model-turned-newscaster Willow Bay, with whom he has two young sons, in addition to two grown daughters from a previous marriage, said he would hold both titles until early 2015, and serve as chairman into 2016.
"In thinking about my life and the commitment that this job requires," he says, "10 years in the job is just right for me."
The end of Iger's run will coincide with the expected opening of Shanghai Disney Resort, adding a Magic Kingdom to the Middle Kingdom. That's something Walt might never have imagined, but likely would approve. | http://online.barrons.com/news/articles/SB50001424052748703922804577066321899422432 | dclm-gs1-473025528 | false | false | {
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0.074584 | <urn:uuid:98975028-2956-4feb-bf73-c2dfac7dc994> | en | 0.91864 | Spam, Spam, Spam, Spam….. W-o-n-d-e-r-f-u-l Spam (#120)
I got some Spam today. No, I’m not talking about those anonymous, obnoxious, electronic messages that overwhelm our E-mail. I’m talking about that mysterious canned meat that’s been around since 1937. How many of you have eaten Spam at least once? If you have, can you tell me what it really is? Just whisper the answer. Is it……… people?
The label says it’s made of pork shoulder, ham meat, salt, water, modified potato starch, and sodium nitrate. I don’t believe it! I’ve eaten it for years, meticulously examined its color, smell and texture, and even used a magnifying glass to try to identify the thousands of tiny particles imbedded in the firm, yet spongy pink flesh. I still don’t have a clue. I do know three things about Spam. The first is that it’s not good for you. If you happen to consume an entire can, be sure to quickly eat a handful of aspirin, and put 911 on speed dial. The second is my dog won’t eat it; and he eats everything. The third thing I learned is, it’s not only extremely addictive, but delicious in some crazy, sick and twisted way I don’t fully understand. I’m not sure if it contains some psychoactive drugs from toad skins, but every time I pass it in the store, I hear it calling me.
“Hey big guy. Yeah, you. The one who looks like he could eat a horse. Just reach, over, grab us, put us in your cart, and everything will be fine.”
I’ve always wondered how Spam got its name. A friend told me it’s “Maps” spelled backwards. He said the original cans had maps that showed locations of the nearest hospitals if you got salmonella. I don’t think that’s true, but I do know one thing. I’ll bet if you were stranded, either at the Donner Pass in Utah during a blizzard or in a plane crash high in the Andes Mountains of South America; spam might come in handy. Especially, if you were lost in subzero temperatures with a plane-load of overweight people on their way to have life-saving bariatric surgery. Those ten or twenty cans of spam you stashed in your carry on, might just be the difference between eventual rescue and….. and…… Sorry, its just too horrible to contemplate.
Before I go, I do have one bit of advice. If happen to buy spam, and that tab breaks off when you try to open it; just through the can away. I know two people who lost a finger trying to pry that sucker open!
About these ads
About Patrick Dykie
1. I tried making that burger looking bastard on the can a while back. Sometimes I fear it hasn’t yet left my body…
2. Barb says:
Yeah, every now and thien, I need to Spam-up. I think it stops my heart, but it’s tasty fried.
3. colonialist says:
So what you’re saying is, a spammer
Really is a tinned-food crammer?
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Connecting to %s | http://pdykie.wordpress.com/2014/02/16/spam-spam-spam-spam-w-o-n-d-e-r-f-u-l-spam120/ | dclm-gs1-473155528 | false | false | {
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0.018393 | <urn:uuid:2b49996e-3e13-449d-af95-90b7ae8e08c7> | en | 0.939202 | Prehistoric greenhouse data from ocean floor could predict Earth's future
Oct 27, 2011
Kenneth MacLeod, MU professor of geological sciences, says changes in ocean circulation patterns 70 million years ago could help scientists understand the consequences of modern increases in greenhouse gases. Credit: MU News Bureau
"We are examining from several past greenhouse climate intervals so that we can understand better the interactions among the atmosphere, the oceans, the biosphere, and climate," said Kenneth MacLeod, professor of geological sciences in the College of Arts and Science. "The Late Cretaceous Epoch is a textbook example of a greenhouse climate on earth, and we have evidence that a northern water mass expanded southwards while the climate was cooling. At the same time, a warm, mass that had been present throughout the greenhouse interval disappeared from the tropical Atlantic."
The study found that at the end of the Late Cretaceous greenhouse interval, water sinking around Greenland was replaced by surface water flowing north from the South Atlantic. This change caused the North Atlantic to warm while the rest of the globe cooled. The change started about five million years before the that ended the .
To track circulation patterns, the researchers focused on "neodymium," an element that is taken up by fish teeth and bones when a fish dies and falls to the ocean floor. MacLeod said the ratio of two isotopes of neodymium acts as a natural tracking system for water masses. In the area where a water mass forms, the water takes on a neodymium ratio like that in rocks on nearby land. As the water moves through the ocean, though, that ratio changes little. Because the fish take up the neodymium from water at the seafloor, the ratio in the fish fossils reflects the values in the area where the water sank into the . Looking at changes through time and at many sites allowed the scientists to track movements.
While high atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide caused Late Cretaceous warmth, MacLeod notes that ocean circulation influenced how that warmth was distributed around the globe. Further, ocean circulation patterns changed significantly as the climate warmed and cooled.
"Understanding the degree to which climate influences circulation and vice versa is important today because carbon dioxide levels are rapidly approaching levels most recently seen during ancient greenhouse times," said MacLeod. "In just a few decades, humans are causing changes in the composition of the atmosphere that are as large as the changes that took millions of years to occur during geological climate cycles."
Explore further: Eucla Basin survey uncovers odd rock formations
More information: The paper, "Changes in North Atlantic circulation at the end of the Cretaceous greenhouse interval," was published in the October online edition of the journal Nature Geoscience.
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1 / 5 (1) Oct 28, 2011
Good job kenneth, i hope you continue your research and can restore some of the dignity and honor to university of missouri destroyed by oliver k manuel, former chemistry emiritus and now convicted child molester who's global warming conspiracy theory is so fantastical you'd have to be taking acid to consider it even possible. Thank you | http://phys.org/news/2011-10-prehistoric-greenhouse-ocean-floor-earth.html | dclm-gs1-473175528 | false | false | {
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0.049504 | <urn:uuid:7e79ec8d-17bd-43e4-a9e1-33795752e818> | en | 0.952329 | Thursday, September 18, 2014
Being Right Isn't Enough
Friday, June 20, 2014
Fun with Expression Trees
A common pattern I find in my MVC/WebAPI code is that my controller actions usually open a unit of work (or just a read-only repository therein), perform some query or insert/update something, and then return. It's a simple thing to expect a controller action to do, after all. But sometimes I come across an entity model where it's a bit difficult to put much of the logic on the model, and instead it ends up in the controller actions.
For example, imagine a system where your models are a fairly complex graph of objects, versions of those objects, dynamic properties in the form of other child objects, versions therein as well, etc. It's a common pattern when one builds a framework in which to configure an application, as opposed to building just an application itself.
Now in this system, imagine that you want all of your queries against "Entity" models to always ever return just the ones which have not been soft-deleted. (Viewing soft-deleted records would be a special case, and one we haven't built yet.) Well, if you have a lot of queries against those entities in their repository, those queries are all going to repeat the same ".Where()" clause. Perhaps something like this:
return someRepository.Entities
.Where(e => e.Versions
.OrderByDescending(v => v.VersionDate)
.Deleted != true))
.Where(// etc.
That is, you only ever want Entity records where the most recent Version of that Entity is not in a "Deleted" state. It's not a lot of code (at least, not in this simplified example), but it is repeated code all over the place. And for more complex examples, it's a lot of repeated code. And more importantly than the repetition, it's logic which conceptually belongs on the model. A model should be aware of whether or not it's in a "Deleted" state. The controller shouldn't necessarily care about this, save for just invoking some logic that exists on the model.
At first one might simply add a property to the Entity model:
public bool IsDeleted
get { return Versions.OrderByDescending(v => v.VersionDate)
.Deleted != true; }
Then we might use it as:
return someRepository.Entities
.Where(e => !e.IsDeleted)
.Where(// etc.
That's all well and good from an object oriented perspective, but if you're using Entity Framework (and I imagine any number of other ORMs) then there's a problem. Is the ORM smart enough to translate "IsDeleted" to run it on the database? Or is it going to have to materialize every record first and then perform this ".Where()" clause in the code? (Or just throw an error and not run the query at all?) Most likely the latter (definitely the latter with Entity Framework in this case), and that's no good.
We want as much query logic as possible to run on the database for a number of reasons:
• It's less data moving across the wire.
• It's a smaller memory footprint for the application.
• SQL Server is probably a lot better at optimizing queries than any code you or I write in some random web application.
• It's a lot easier and more standard to horizontally scale a SQL Server database than a custom application.
So we really don't want to materialize all of the records so that our object oriented models can perform their logic. But we do want the logic itself to be defined on those models because, well, object oriented. So what we need on the model isn't necessarily a property, what we need is an expression which can be used in a Linq query.
A first pass might look something like this:
public static Func<Entity, bool> IsNotDeleted = e => e.Versions
.OrderByDescending(v => v.VersionDate)
.Deleted != true;
Which we can then use as:
return someRepository.Entities
.Where(// etc.
This is a good first step. However, if you profile the SQL database when this executes you'll find that the filtering logic still isn't being applied in the SQL query, but rather still in-memory in the application. This is because a "Func<>" doesn't get translated through Linq To Entities, and remains in Linq To Objects. In order to go all the way to the database, it needs to be an "Expression<>":
public static Expression<Func<Entity, bool>> IsNotDeleted = e => e.Versions
.OrderByDescending(v => v.VersionDate)
.Deleted != true;
Same code, just wrapped in a different type. Now when you profile the database you'll find much more complex SQL queries taking place. Which is good, because as I said earlier SQL Server is really good at efficiently handling queries. And the usage is still the same:
return someRepository.Entities
.Where(// etc.
Depending on how else you use it though, you'll find one key difference. The compiler wants to use it on an "IQueryable<>", not things like "IEnumerable<>" or "IList<>". So it's not a completely drop-in replacement for in-code logic. But with complex queries on large data sets it's an enormous improvement in query performance by offloading the querying part to the database engine.
There was just one last catch while I was implementing this. In some operations I want records which are "Deleted", and in some operations I want records which are not "Deleted". And obviously this doesn't work:
return someRepository.Entities
.Where(// etc.
How should one invert the condition then? I could create a second expression property called "IsDeleted", but that's tacky. Not to mention it's still mostly repeated logic that would need to be updated in both places should there ever be a change. And honestly, even this "IsNotDeleted" bothers me from a Clean Code perspective because positive conditionals are more intuitive than negative conditionals. I should have an "IsDeleted" which can be negated. But how?
Thanks to some help from good old Stack Overflow, there's a simple way. And it all comes down to, again, expression trees. Essentially what's needed is an extension which wraps an expression in a logical inverse. This wrapping of the expression would continue through the expression tree until it's translated at the source (SQL Server in this case). Turns out to be a fairly simple extension:
return Expression.Lambda<Func<T, bool>>(Expression.Not(f.Body), f.Parameters);
See, while there's no ".WhereNot()" or ".Not()" in our normal Linq extensions, there is one for Expressions. And now with this we can wrap our expression. First let's make it a positive condition:
public static Expression<Func<Entity, bool>> IsDeleted = e => e.Versions
.OrderByDescending(v => v.VersionDate)
.Deleted == true;
Now let's get records which are deleted:
return someRepository.Entities
.Where(// etc.
And records which are not deleted:
return someRepository.Entities
.Where(// etc.
Profile the database again and we see that all of the logic is still happening SQL-side. And for the inverted ones, the generated SQL query just wraps the whole condition and negates it exactly as we'd expect it to.
Now, we can still have our calculated properties on our models and we can still do a lot with those models in memory once they're materialized from the underlying data source. But in terms of just querying the data, where performance is a concern (which isn't always, admit it), having some expression trees on our models allows us to still encapsulate our logic a bit while making much more effective use of the ORM and database.
Wednesday, May 21, 2014
Continuous Integration with TFS and ClickOnce
The entire solution consists of:
• A bunch of class libraries
• A WebAPI/MVC web application
• A WPF application
• A bunch of test projects
• A database project (schema, test data)
The goals for the build server are:
And each build should:
• Compile the code
• Execute the tests
• Deploy the database
• Deploy the web application (with the correct config file)
Compile The Code
Execute The Tests
Deploy The Database
/t:Build /t:Publish
/t:Build /t:Publish /p:DeployOnBuild=true /p:SqlPublishProfilePath=CI.publish.xml
Use A Different App.config
<None Include="App.config" />
Next we need to...
Deploy The Web Application
At this point all we need to do is...
Deploy The ClickOnce WPF Application
So at this point what we have is:
• Explicit build configurations in the solution and projects
• Web.config transforms and App.config alternate files
• A list of MSBuild arguments:
• Create the build configurations
• Create the config files/transforms
• Create the publish profiles
• Set up the infrastructure (IIS site, network shares)
• Right-click on the build definition in TFS
• Select "Queue New Build"
• Go grab a sandwich and take a break
Monday, April 28, 2014
Composition... And Coupling?
Last week I had an interesting exchange with a colleague. We were discussing how some views and view models are going to interact in a WPF application we’re building, and I was proposing an approach which involves composition of models within parent models. Apparently my colleague is vehemently opposed to this idea, though I’m really not certain why.
It’s no secret that the majority of my experience is as a web developer, and in ASP.NET MVC I use composite models all the time. That is, I may have a view which is a host of several other views and I bind that view to a model which is itself a composition of several other models. It doesn’t necessarily need to be a 1:1 ratio between the views and the models, but in most clean designs that ends up happening if for no other reason than both the views and the models represent some atomic or otherwise discreet and whole business concept.
The tooling has no problem with this. You pass the composite model to the view, then in the view where you include your “partial” views (which, again, are normal views from their own perspective) you supply to that partial view the model property which corresponds to that partial view’s expected model type. This works quite well and I think distributes functionality into easily re-usable components within the application.
My colleague, however, asserted that this is “tight coupling.” Perhaps there’s some aspect of the MVVM pattern with which I’m unaware? Some fundamental truth not spoken in the pattern itself but known to those who often use it? If there is, I sure hope somebody enlightens me on the subject. Or perhaps it has less to do with the pattern and more to do with the tooling used in constructing a WPF application? Again, please enlighten me if this is the case.
I just don’t see the tight coupling. Essentially we have a handful of models, let’s call them Widget, Component, and Thing. And each of these has a corresponding view for the purpose of editing the model. Now let’s say our UI involves a single large “page” for editing each model. Think of it like stepping through a wizard. In my mind, this would call for a parent view acting as a host for the three editor views. That parent view would take care of the “wizard” bits of the UX, moving from one panel to another in which the editor views reside. Naturally, then, this parent view would be bound to a parent view model which itself would consist of some properties for the wizard flow as well as properties for each type being edited. A Widget, a Component, and a Thing.
What is being tightly coupled to what in this case?
Is the parent view model coupled to the child view models? I wouldn’t think so. Sure, it has properties of the type of those view models. In that sense I suppose you could say it has a dependency on them. But if we were to avoid such a dependency then we wouldn’t be able to build objects in an object-oriented system at all, save for ones which only recursively have properties of their own type. (Which would be of very limited use.) If a Wizard shouldn’t have a property of type Widget then why would it be acceptable for it to have a property of type string? Or int? Those are more primitive types, but types nonetheless. Would we be tightly coupling the model to the string type by including such a property?
Certainly not, primarily because the object isn’t terribly concerned with the value of that string. Granted, it may require specific string values in order to exhibit specific behaviors or perform specific actions. But I would contend that if the object is provided with a string value which doesn’t meet this criteria it should still be able to handle the situation in some meaningful, observable, and of course testable way. Throw an ArgumentException for incorrect values, silently be unusable for certain actions, anything of that nature as the logic of the system demands. You can provide mock strings for testing, just like you can provide mock Widgets for testing. (Though, of course, you probably wouldn’t need a mocking framework for a string value.)
Conversely, are the child view models tightly coupled to the parent view model? Again, certainly not. The child view models in this case have no knowledge whatsoever of the parent view model. Each can be used independently with its corresponding view regardless of some wizard-style host. It’s by coincidence alone that the only place they’re used in this particular application (or, rather, this particular user flow or user experience) is in this wizard flow. But the components themselves are discreet and separate and can be tested as such. Given the simpler example of an object with a string property, I think we can agree that the string type itself doesn’t become coupled to that object.
So… Am I missing something? I very much contend that composition is not coupling. Indeed, composition is a fundamental aspect of object-oriented design in general. We wouldn’t be able to build rich object systems without it.
Monday, April 21, 2014
Say Fewer, Better Things
Last week, while beginning a new project with a new client, an interesting observation was made of me by the client. As is usual with a new project, the week was filled with meetings and discussions. And more than once the project sponsor explicitly said to me, "Feel free to jump in here as well." Not in a snarky way mind you, he just wanted to make sure I'm not waiting to speak and that my insights are brought to the group. At one point he said, "I take it you're the strong silent type, eh?"
Well, I like to think so.
In general it got me thinking, though. It's no secret that I'm very much an introvert, and that's okay. So for the most part I have a natural tendency to prefer not speaking over speaking. But the more I think about it, the more I realize that there's more to it than that.
As it turns out, in a social gathering I'm surprisingly, well, social. I'm happy to crack a joke or tell a story, as long as I don't become too much a center of attention. If I notice that happening, I start to lose my train of thought. In small groups though it's not a problem. In a work setting, however, I tend not to jump in so much. It's not that I'm waiting for my turn to speak, it's that I'm waiting for my turn to add something of value.
This is intentional. And I think it's a skill worth developing.
I've had my fair share of meetings with participants who just like to be the center of the meeting. For lack of a better description, they like to hear themselves talk. The presence of this phenomenon varies wildly depending on the client/project. (Luckily my current project is staffed entirely by professionals who are sharp and to the point, for which I humbly thank the powers that be.) But I explicitly make it a point to try not to be this person.
Understand that this isn't because I don't want to speak. This is because I do want to listen. I don't need (or even really want) to be the center of attention. I don't need to "take over" the meeting. My goal is to simply contribute value. And I find that I can more meaningfully contribute value through listening than through speaking.
I'll talk at some point. Oh, I will definitely talk. And believe me, I'm full of opinions. But in the scope of a productive group discussion are all of those opinions relevant? Not really. So I can "take that offline" in most cases. A lot of that, while potentially insightful and valuable, doesn't necessarily add value to the discussion at hand. So rather than take the value I already know and try to adjust the meeting/discussion/etc. to fit my value, I'd rather absorb the meeting/discussion/etc. and create new value which I don't already know which targets the topic at hand.
That is, rather than steer the meeting toward myself, I'd rather steer myself toward the meeting. And doing so involves more listening than talking. Sometimes a lot more.
In doing so, I avoid saying too much. Other people in the meeting can point out the obvious things, or can brainstorm and openly steer their trains of thought. What I'll do is follow along and observe, and when I have a point to make I'll make it. I find this maximizes the insightfulness and value of my points, even if they're few and far between. And that's a good thing. I'd rather be the guy who made one point which nobody else had thought of than the guy who made a lot of points which everybody else already knew. The latter may have been more the center of attention, but the former added more value.
Listen. Observe. Meticulously construct a mental model of what's being discussed. Examine that model. And when the room is stuck on a discussion, pull from that model a resolution to that discussion. After all, concluding a discussion with a meaningful resolution is a lot more valuable than having participated in that discussion with everybody else. | http://publicvoidlife.blogspot.com/ | dclm-gs1-473335528 | false | false | {
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0.158469 | <urn:uuid:f59caa37-52ae-46cd-8af2-1a98d78d2899> | en | 0.706161 | Caută orice cuvânt, cum ar fi bukkake:
When a woman with a whipped cream bra puts her breasts on your head, making it look like you got hit in the head with a pie.
Bitch gave me a bitchin' pie hat.
de Pie Hatter 05 Februarie 2009
Cuvinte înrudite cu Pie Hat
boobs breasts hat pie whipped cream | http://ro.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Pie%20Hat | dclm-gs1-473495528 | false | false | {
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0.117231 | <urn:uuid:9816712c-eff5-4964-be24-f350b351dad3> | en | 0.934607 | What kind of marketing is the most effective?
sneezr.ca Have you ever asked yourself that question? I did. In fact, many years ago I spent countless hours trying to figure it out.
The answer turned out to be quite simple: word of mouth marketing. Or as I call it: the art of cultivating recommendations.
Surprised? Probably not. With recommendations, there is no sales pressure and no credibility issues. When your friends, family members or trusted co-workers recommend something or someone to you, they are genuinely trying to help you. That means a lot, which is why you usually remember it for a long time. But here is the catch: recommendations must be earned. How do you do that? Where do you start? How do you give people a reason to talk about your products/services? How do you nudge your story into every day conversations? I launched sneezr.ca to help you answer those questions.
A simple idea that shines
I had to renew my passport recently. There were two options: the general renewal passport application, and the new, simplified one. Guess which one I chose? :) The whole experience was refreshingly simple, and it prompted this question: Why don’t we make Simplicity in communications a national priority?
My 2¢: Our mental bandwidth is limited. People are desperate for institutions and brands that offer simple communications they can understand. It’s easy to forget that.
Only in Canada: Dude Chilling Park.
“Without the proper branding, a park is just a grassy expanse of lawn mown by the city, but with the proper signage, it’s an Internet sensation. The city of Vancouver is seriously considering renaming Guelph Park after a street artist placed a sign reading “Dude Chilling Park” made it the place to be for dudes looking to unwind.” The story and image via http://bit.ly/1eXTHBt.
My 2¢: What’s so great about being typical? Taste Younique. People will talk.
Don’t act like you’re not impressed.
What can we learn from the above? My 2¢:
a. Icons mingle with icons.
b. Humor can put velcro on your message.
If you’re really serious about creating messages that spread, loosen up a bit.
The minimum in “minimum viable product” is still big
If you want to ship a half-decent game/app for the iPhone (or even Android), and promote it just a tiny bit, you’re looking at investing a minimum of $15 – $25K in time & money. And that’s being fairly conservative. Curiously, you don’t hear people such as Eric Rise talking about that. Or any money-out-of-your-pocket matters. Much.
Jul 8, ’14
Does anyone leave your business feeling hungry?
Your loyal customers (aka people who regularly buy from you) should of course get a ‘faboulous seven-course feast’ kind of treatment every time they contact or visit your business. But what about potential customers? Any chance they might be leaving feeling ‘hungry?’ If yes, how come? Shouldn’t they at least get a ‘Happy Meal®?’ :) | http://sneezr.ca/page/5/ | dclm-gs1-473825528 | false | false | {
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0.023355 | <urn:uuid:87e4dc68-6eff-40a7-ba23-e9193d4ee829> | en | 0.974381 | Letter: Mentally ill need their own facility
Leintje Kaltenekker, R.N.
St. Augustine
Published Tuesday, June 09, 2009
The disappointment I have with the judge is his expression about the current Level 8 juvenile prison containing, and I quote "juveniles who have been sentenced for sexual assault, robbery, attempted murder, serious mental health issues and other crimes of violence." Maybe, and I hope it is only a poor choice of words. But since when is having a serious mental illness a crime?
If a crime is committed while a person is ill should that person not be treated accordingly? Are we still in the Middle Ages where mental patients were thrown in the dungeons?
The judge should work with us for a facility in St. Johns County that can take care of the mentally ill. And if we think of how much money is spend on putting people in jail because of drugs alone, why not have more centers for drug addiction as well? | http://staugustine.com/stories/060909/opinions_060909_013.shtml | dclm-gs1-473995528 | false | false | {
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0.095717 | <urn:uuid:b885860c-8846-4ff1-aa64-7eb2c06acf52> | en | 0.938574 | "Don’t be flattered that he misses you. He should miss you. You’re deeply miss-able. However, he’s still the same person who broke your heart. remember, the only reason he can miss you is because he’s choosing, every day, not to be with you."
Everyone in Real Life < Everyone on Tumblr
"Because of you, I never stray too far from the sidewalk
Because of you, I find it hard to trust not only me, but everyone around me
Because of you, I am afraid."
Kelly Clarkson (Because of You)
When suddenly everyone knows you like someone and it becomes everyone’s mission to find out who.
"He believes we’re all just lovers, he sees hope in everyone."
Fun (The Gambler)
Everyone needs to learn to shut the fuck up. | http://straightforwardfeelings.tumblr.com/tagged/everyone | dclm-gs1-474055528 | false | false | {
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0.203159 | <urn:uuid:5cffdadc-85b8-4bc4-90c5-fb2182022d3c> | en | 0.98396 | In it, but not of it. TPM DC
Colorado Senate Nominee's Big Retreat On Personhood Enrages Right
AP Photo / Brennan Linsley
But then there's the $64,000 question. Will they make Gardner pay for it? They might already have missed their chance, Masket said. Gardner ran unopposed in the GOP primary. Forced to choose between a personhood heretic and Udall, conservatives will still likely back Gardner, Masket said. Lost enthusiasm could be a problem, though. At the moment, Udall maintains a 1-point edge, according to TPM's PollTracker.
"I don't think it poses a long-term danger to him. They will be annoyed. If there had been a more competitive primary, it could have been costly," Masket said. "But there is so much they like about Gardner and so much they despise about Udall. They're ultimately going to rally to his side." | http://talkingpointsmemo.com/dc/cory-gardner-personhood-flip-flop-conservative-criticism | dclm-gs1-474135528 | false | false | {
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0.241696 | <urn:uuid:7f8f824f-03ac-4e79-b7de-7be3d4b5ffa0> | en | 0.980694 | Mandy Patinkin on Homeland’s S3 Premiere Twist
I talked to Mandy Patinkin about the new season of Homeland, particularly about how his relationship with Carrie. It didn’t make it into the article (which you can and should read here) but I did ask him about the premiere’s final twist, that congressional hearing scene, and why Saul threw Carrie under the bus:
That is the ball game. You just asked the 100 million dollar question. That is a fine question to ask. Why would any of us do that to anybody? You can go to Shakespeare — I’m just going to give you a possibility — in “Hamlet” when Claudius says to Gertrude, “I must be cruel only to be kind.” Maybe that’s why is behavior is the way it is. Maybe he’s exhausted with Carrie. Maybe his plan is so intricate that he needs to throw her under the bus. Maybe he’s had it. He suffered this loss of 219 coworkers — you can bet that some of those coworkers were dear people to him. People he recruited. People he spent his life with, and he is just a human being. He had a limited amount of resources and she’s a wild one, Carrie. There’s only so much you can corral. So you saw what happened. I’m not sure why it happened, maybe its impulsive. Maybe it wasn’t what he intended to do. Maybe it was a mistake. he caught in the whirlwind of it. Maybe Lockheart [the senator interrogated him] blindsided him. | http://tierns.tumblr.com/post/62685464948/mandy-patinkin-on-homelands-s3-premiere-twist | dclm-gs1-474355528 | false | false | {
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0.038217 | <urn:uuid:cf0e9556-f844-43fd-9597-732229aaff9a> | en | 0.765745 | Modifications for the Kenwood TS-870
Picture(s) of Kenwood - TS-870
19-07-1998 Frequency expansion for the TS-870S English language (1 Kbytes)
19-07-1998 TS870 DSP XCVR specs English language (4 Kbytes)
24-04-1999 TS-870S S-Meter pin with repeated RX/TX switching English language (2 Kbytes)
24-04-1999 TS-870S Receiver circuit changes English language
09-10-1999 Making super radio out of TS-870 English language (9 Kbytes)
30-12-1999 Kenwood TS870S - ALC-Mod. English language (2 Kbytes)
20-04-2000 TS-870 Output Power >100W English language (2 Kbytes)
07-05-2000 TS870 external receive antenna switching English language (3 Kbytes)
07-05-2000 [CQ-Contest] Collins Filters in Contest Rigs English language (3 Kbytes)
07-05-2000 Use TS-870 as a contest rig English language (2 Kbytes)
19-10-2000 TS-870S Service Menu Setup Tweaking v1.1 (13 Oct 2000) English language (19 Kbytes)
View all modification in one click. This can be a very big file.!! (49 Kbytes)
TS-870S Receiver circuit changes
Kenwood service buletin
The following provides a more useable range af the RF attenuator by re-allocating stage gain at the first and third IF. This change allows the use af less front end attenuation, allowing you to hear the desired signal while reducing interfering signals during CW contests and pine ups.
This change requires advance surface mount soldering equitment that is rated for CMOS circuits. It also requires farmiliarity with advanced surface mountesoldering techniques. If you do not have the proper equitment or knowledge, seek qualified assistance.
Required Parts:
R157 1,8K to 560 RK73FB2A561J
R160,161 2,2K to 1K RK73FB2A102J
R164 1.5K to 560 RK73FB2A561J
R169 1K to 330 RK73FB2A331J
L76,79 3.3u to 0 R92-0670-05
R332 2.2K to 6.8K RK73FB2A682J
C340 .022u to .01u CK73GB1C104K
VR1 470 to 3.3K R12-6737-05 (optimal)
1. Remove the bottom cover and shields anclosing the RF board and TX-TX board.
2. Replace L76 and L79 on the component side of the RF board.
3. Replace C340 and R332 on the component side of the TX-RX board.
4. Access the bottom side of the RF board and replace R157, 160, 161, 164 and 169.
5. Perform S-Meter alignment step 8, on page 95 of the Service Manual. If you cannot obtain "05" of the display, replace VR1 on the TX-RX boardwith the part listed above.
With the exception of C340, this change was incorporated into production from S/N 801XXXXX, C340 was change at S/N 807XXXXX.
Time required to perform this change is 1 hour or less.
Some illustration.
This modification is read 471 times.
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Valid HTML 4.0! | http://vss.pl/mods.dk/mods.php3-radio=kenwood&model=ts-870&selectid=811.htm | dclm-gs1-474625528 | false | false | {
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0.043172 | <urn:uuid:4b9ac271-e2ac-4a0c-8288-763a33362613> | en | 0.878568 | Take the 2-minute tour ×
I'm trying to set up the plugin MailChimp. I have uploaded the plugin and installed it. (https://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/mailchimp-sts/) The directions tell me I will need
1. MailChimp account and API key (done)
2. Amazon SES account with production access (I have signed up with Amazon)
3. Verified email address to sue as sender (got it)
The only place on the form to do anything is the blank next to "API key". I've cut and pasted in the key number given me.
Now all I get is "API error. Please setup the integration first".
How do I go about setting up the integration?
I hope you can help. Thanks a lot!
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
This part can't be done in plugin, it should be done in your MailChimp account. Please see readme.html file supplied with plugin, section 4. Integrate Amazon SES with MailChimp.
enter image description here
Update As per our discussion elsewhere you need paid MailChimp account for SES integration option to be active.
share|improve this answer
Ok thanks a lot, I have read it. And I'm block at the 6. section : Configure and test plugin. => input and save your MailChimp API key in plugin's settings; – chapataz May 25 '11 at 13:07
Try this plugin http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/amazon-ses-and-dkim-mailer/
share|improve this answer
How does this answer question? – Rarst Nov 16 '11 at 11:15
Your Answer
| http://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/18223/how-to-integrate-amazon-ses-account-with-mailchimp-sts-plugin | dclm-gs1-474785528 | false | false | {
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0.025276 | <urn:uuid:15d16d1e-6a45-4c6b-befb-17e4d273cdf0> | en | 0.894106 | What's New
- Replaced icon image
App Description
If you've liked Puzzle Fighter, then you should try this!
Puzzle Kungfu is a highly addictive puzzle game that gives you hours of immense fun! There are colored gems blocks falling down, and you must move them left and right to keep gems of the same color close together.
Special items such as bombs will appear, detonating same-colored gems adjacent to each other. Chain explosions together to score bonus points!
As you clear out more gems, a percentage of it will be stored and then released later as timed gems. Timed gems may start countdown from 3 or 5, and then decrement on every round. Once countdown reaches 0, timed gems becomes a normal gem of the same color and can react to bombs.
Once in a while, your life saver - the multi-colored drill gem, will appear. Place it on top of a gem to detonate all gems of that same color!
5 simple controls - move left, move right, quick fall, rotate left and rotate right.
Developed by James Ma, Interactive Web Studio.
App Screen Shots
(click to enlarge)
App Changes
October 07, 2010 Initial Release
Other Apps From Interactive Web Studio | http://www.148apps.com/app/395704579 | dclm-gs1-474825528 | false | false | {
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0.438197 | <urn:uuid:3cad6924-2c93-48be-a305-d865764a09d7> | en | 0.955236 | Calculator Shopping the Night Before the SAT
Q: What does “SAT” stand for?
A: It used to stand for Scholastic Achievement Test, but in 1947, the name of the exam was changed to Scholastic Aptitude Test. Then the folks at the College Board used their Critical Reasoning skills and came to the conclusion that a coachable exam could not be called an “aptitude” test. So officially, SAT stands for nothing, although at least one college refers to it on its website as the Scholastic Assessment Test.
Q: What time does Staples close, in case your child can’t locate his TI-183 calculator the night before the SAT exam?
A: Luckily, the Staples in our neighborhood closes at 9 p.m., as we discovered the night before our son’s exam. (Our son, who had “just had” his calculator the day before, volunteered to pay for the new one, which added up to about a week of his summer wages.)
Q: What are some good snacks for the SATs?
A: A power bar, a peanut butter sandwich and a banana. We typically procure all of these, but our sons typically leave the power bar at home and the sandwich and banana in the car.
Q: What is the ACT?
A: Another standardized test, which up until 20 minutes ago was popular only in the Midwest. But because there are no trick questions, they allow score cancelling and unpenalized guessing, and offer an early September test date, it is the test du jour. New Yorkers are now obsessed with the ACT, and it is gaining fans in other trendy cities. In fact, for the first time ever, the number of ACT test takers is about the same as the SAT. Poor SAT — it now stands for Sad Anachronistic Test.
Q: What is a superscore?
A: A superscore is achieved by choosing the best subscores from multiple sittings of the same test. (We know, a “sitting” sounds like you’re posing for a portrait, but bear with us.) For example, let’s assume you have these SAT results from these three sittings:
Sitting 1: 800M, 500CR, 450W
Sitting 2: 600M, 410CR, 780W
Sitting 3: 510M, 740CR, 530W
Your composite scores would be 1750, 1790 and 1780, but your superscore would be 2320.
Q: Wow! Do colleges superscore the ACT as well?
A: Not many superscore the ACT, because they’d have to work with five separate numbers, including a composite that often has been rounded up or rounded down. That would require advanced math skills, which would be too confusing, even for colleges. Except MIT, of course. They will even cross-superscore the SAT with the ACT… just because they can.
Q: Do you have to send in all your test scores to Yale, even the ones that suck?
A: No, that’s Penn. Yale’s website says, “As long as you provide a complete set of score reports from one testing agency (either the College Board or ACT, Inc.), you are not required to report scores from both. You can choose to report either all of your SAT results (both SAT and SAT Subject Tests) or all of your ACT results.
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1. chiropractor adelaide says:
I am in fact delighted to glance at this webpage posts which includes tons valuable facts, thanks for providing these kinds of statistics. | http://www.allword-news.co.uk/2012/05/05/calculator-shopping-the-night-before-the-sat/ | dclm-gs1-474935528 | false | false | {
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0.021222 | <urn:uuid:00c0b5f8-ba0a-44ee-9fb5-32f6ae5b1583> | en | 0.935297 | Tea Party and the Right
comments_image Comments
Over-the-top? You betcha!
Photo Credit: ShutterStock.com
When Wisconsin Governor Scott Walker beat back a recall effort, we learned that conservatives aren't exactly gracious in victory. On Thursday, when Chief Justice John Roberts joined the Supreme Court's moderate bloc to uphold ObamaCare, we discovered that the Right is nothing less than unhinged in defeat.
The reality is that there is no "government takeover" underway. Some lower-middle-class families are going to get some subsidies to buy insurance, maybe ten million or so more poor people will be eligible for Medicaid. Insurers will get some new regulations that are popular even among Republicans.
And with Thursday's ruling, the government can no longer mandate that you carry insurance, it can only levy a small tax on those who don't. The real-world impact of that? Only an estimated 1 percent of the population will face the tax – a tax that maxes out at 1 percent -- and it may not even be enforceable!
But for the Right, a moderate expansion of health coverage and some new insurance regulations are, simply put, the worst things that ever happened. How bad is it? Well imagine that in the midst of the Holocaust, a meteor crashed to earth, destroying the entire planet. And as planet Earth exploded, it opened up a tear in the space-time continuum that swallowed up the entire galaxy. Thursday's ruling was, apparently, almost that bad.
For your reading pleasure, we've collected some of the most hilariously over-the-top freakouts we've seen. Enjoy!
1. Totally Not Exaggerating!
Baby-faced Breitbart editor Ben Shapiro offers a coolly dispassionate analysis of yesterday's ruling...
2. Wait Until They Discover That They Use the Metric System
BuzzFeed found a bunch of conservatives so freaked out by this tyranny that they're throwing in the towel and heading north to that right-wing paradise known as Canada – a place that has both universal healthcare and gay marriage...
It's a good thing Mike Pence is a reasonable conservative.
He immediately apologized.
4. Grab Your Musket and Tri-Corner Hat!
Did you know that the Founding Fathers fought a revolution to keep people uninsured. It's true!
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0.390625 | <urn:uuid:7f69ddb0-6504-41be-9757-ce8cbfd62127> | en | 0.933176 | Peshawar cinemas attacked in Pakistan protests
Violent protests have erupted on the streets of Pakistan's main cities in anger at an anti-Islam film made in the US.
People have been killed in the port city of Karachi and others have died in the north-western city of Peshawar, hospital officials say.
Protesters also breached the diplomatic enclave in the capital, Islamabad, near the US embassy.
There has been widespread unrest over the amateur film, Innocence of Muslims.
The BBC's Aleem Maqbool reports from the capital Islamabad.
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0.042559 | <urn:uuid:f7ecb2dd-40df-4ac0-9297-0ab23ae253e1> | en | 0.975704 | Hitler Is Dead
The case against Jewish ethnic panic.
Continued from page 2
But it is mythifying, and the habit is back; and so a number of things need to be said about Amalek, and about the Amalekization of the present enemy. For a start, the prescription of an eternal war with Amalek was a prescription for the Jews to be cruel. Here is Rashi's brutal gloss, in the eleventh century in France, on the commandment to "blot out the remembrance": "Every man and every woman, every babe and every suckling, every ox and every sheep. The memory of Amalek cannot be said to survive even in an animal, such that someone could say, `This animal once belonged to an Amalekite.'" This extreme of heartlessness was responsible for the most chilling sentence uttered by an Israelite in the Bible: "What meaneth then this bleating of the sheep in mine ears, and the lowing of the oxen which I hear?" That was what Samuel furiously demanded to know of the poignantly human Saul, the king who could not bring himself to slaughter his enemy completely. So if Amalek is waging a war of extermination against the Jews, the Jews are waging a war of extermination against Amalek. It was perhaps this pitilessness against which some (but certainly not all) medieval and early modern Jewish intellectuals revolted, when they wondered about the precise identity of Amalek in their own day, and proposed various kinds of symbolic action that would allow Jews to acquit themselves of the law about the erasure of the enemy, and deferred the application of the law to the messianic age. I wish also to record an extraordinary comment by Isaac Abarbanel, the thinker and statesman who failed to persuade the king and the queen of Spain to revoke the edict of expulsion in 1492 and promptly fled to Naples. The sin of the Amalekites, he explained, was that their aggression against the Israelites was groundless: "Amalek attacked them without reason.... For the Israelites possessed no land that the Amalekites coveted." It would appear that there is no place for Abarbanel in the Likud. For his implication is decidedly a moderate one. If the Israelites had possessed land that the Amalekites coveted, then this would not have been a war to the end of time. It would have been an ordinary war, a war that can be terminated in a peace.
But the real problem with typological thinking about history is that it is not historical thinking at all. It is ahistorical thinking. It obscures and obliterates all the differences between historical circumstances in favor of a gross, immutable, edifying similarity. It is an insufficiently worldly way to judge the world. For this reason, such thinking was overthrown in the modern period by Jews who decided that their myths would not ameliorate their misery; that there was not only one question and only one answer; that the entire universe was not their enemy and their enemy was not the entire universe; that the historical differences mattered as much as the historical similarities, because a change in history, progress, normality, tranquillity, was possible; that historical agency required historical thinking, that is, concrete thinking, empirical thinking, practical thinking, secular thinking. All these notions amounted to a revolution in the Jewish spirit, without which the Jewish national movement and the Jewish state could not have been brought into being. A historiosophy is not a strategy. The Jews taught themselves to attend not only to their fates, but also to their interests. That is to say, they taught themselves no longer to regard themselves as the last Jews. The lesson was called Zionism. The last Jews have nothing to do but fight or die; but Zionism has more to do. Israel was not created to destroy Amalek. Israel was created to deny Amalek.
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0.044689 | <urn:uuid:bedbe973-bc96-4005-8532-430e14c532a0> | en | 0.95526 | Reporting on the Mexican Cartel Drug War
1 dead, 5 wounded in Mexico border school shooting
Thursday, August 25, 2011 |
CIUDAD JUAREZ, Mexico (AP) -- Gunmen attacked a group of parents waiting for their children outside an elementary school Wednesday, killing one man and wounding five other people in a dangerous part of the Mexican border city of Ciudad Juarez.
The Chihuahua state prosecutor's office said two cars drove up to the school around noon, and two men got out and started shooting, apparently with assault rifles.
The gunfire wounded one man and four women, prosecutors' spokesman Arturo Sandoval said.
Teachers locked down the school, not allowing students to leave until the situation calmed down. Frightened parents rushed to the school to search for their children.
No information on the motive for the attack was released, but schools in Ciudad Juarez have reported receiving threats and extortion demands in the past.
The federal Interior Ministry condemned the shootings. "This is precisely the irrational violence that should be combatted equally by all three levels of government," its statement said.
Mexico's federal government has been urging state and local authorities to improve their police forces with better training for their officers and by investigating officers for possible ties to crime organizations.
The Sinaloa and Juarez drug cartels have been fighting for control of Ciudad Juarez, which neighbors El Paso, Texas. More than 6,000 people have been killed in the city since 2008.
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29 Borderland Beat Comments:
Anonymous said...
Texcoco Mex said
This MF have no respect for kids no more. This is terrorism.
Anonymous said...
Why do these scumbags do such evil shit for NO REASON??!!! what the hell did that guy do? is it HIS fault the school he was at did not pay a cartel money? NO he was just being with his family and he was killed FOR NO REASON!! not only that but they have destroyed an innocent family for nothin too.
This kind of thing really pisses me off. FUCK these evil bastards and their pointless evil doings! God will question their sick actions when their time comes and its bound to come soon seeing as the average Narco don't live long and i'm sure they will probably die slower and more painful than this poor soul did.
What goes around comes around eventually
assholes! :(
Anonymous said...
Yah, come to Mexico! It's safe! Only the bad people have bad things happen to them!
Anonymous said...
It's time for people that love this country to say "Enough is enough". This doesn't mean just the drug lords, this means the politicians, all divisions of law enforcement, or anyone else involved in criminal activity. When 10% to 15% of the population rule the other 85% to 90% there is always going to be chaos. We must demand that our country becomes a country of dignity and respect, only then will it be so. Otherwise it will continue down the road of despair. There has to be a united front to control the indignation of Mexico.
yaya said...
Mexicans: It is your INDIVIDUAL duty to protect your children and ensure their safety. Force your socialist government to stop inhibiting your natural rights to self defense and get yourself some weapons and training. There will always be evil in the world and you complaining that the government is not doing YOUR duty does not remove your responsibility to fulfill that duty. YOU must fight the evil and the large amount of violence in Mexico is the result of its citizens not fulfilling their INDIVIDUAL duty to ensure a just society.
Anonymous said...
I'm sure if we legalized weed those people wouldn't have been shot lol
El_Regio said...
These are Chapos people committing horrible acts all over Mexico.
Anonymous said...
Apparently this guy was not some bystander waiting to pick up his kids. The story goes that he was being chased after and ducked into a stationary store across the street from the school. The sicarios opened fire on the store where a lot of the "collateral injuries" happened to the women. The people in the store were yelling at the guy to get out of the store, which he did. He staggered over to the front of the school, where he died. Was his dying action protecting the people at the store, or looking for little kids as his next shields? Quien sabe?
Anonymous said...
Wait so the whole zetas shooting down public schools and kids in ciudad juarez is true?The rumor is los zetas who are in cd juarez to support vicente carillo fuentes are gonna start killing innocent people until the goverment of chihuahua stops supporting chapo.Their accusing the goverment as being chapos armed wing and since their pretty much taking alot of hits the juarez cartel are gonna start murdering children,innocent ppl until the goverment stops favoring chapo,and starts playing fair.Thats what i heard
Anonymous said...
the situation is pretty fucked up, i used to live in juarez and work in EP, but since the job market was pretty dry 3 yrs ago, i decided to move back north. My ex girlfriend who lived there would always talk shit about moving to chicago becuase of how the gang stories she heard, we even compared murder rates between the 2 cities Cdj and Chi, at the time chicago had a higher murder #, but i would argue that you have to break it down and figure it out by capita. as it turns out i was right, but this was before the war broke out. Im i glad to have gotten the fuck outta there when i did. I hear that theres no longer a nite scene out there, which sux, cuz that was its main attraction to everyone on the other side of the bridge...Right about now i wish i could look at my Ex Gf and ask her, "where is it safer?"
Anonymous said...
This may sound insane (and I am a little throwed off) but it is time for the State Police and Municipal Police to stand united with the local cartels against Calderon and the Sinaloans and run the outlaw federal forces and Sinaloans out of town. These criminal are pissing in every plaza and laughing about it. Bitch ass Calderon will not back off his plan to give Mexico to El Chapo on a silver platter and his plan isn't realistic. He cannot take Mexico but he can create enough chaos and need for smaller cartels to resort to extortion and kidnapping that life everywhere is miserable. Calderon and his elite group are the ultimate criminals here. What really bothers me is, so many Americans are sheep like followers that think Calderon is doing the right thing for Mexico. Our media has taken a stance that we Americans really aren't bright enough to process and disseminate news in a productive way so they block the news from us. Ultimately, "we" are becoming the socialist nations and our leaders think they need to make decisions for us without our input.
More power to all politicians, police forces, and cartels that stand up to this criminal act by their president and federal forces to create a monopoly on the drug trade. May God help you lead the way to peace.
I am very tired of Mexico suffering and I do know cartel truces is the only way to have peace in Mexico. I will get blasted by the John Waynes, want to be DEAs, military militia minute men, and the religious right, but what the F***. Who likes them anyway.
I also think Juarez is the perfect playing field for this event to start, and snowball throughout Mexico. Their municipal police and state police along with CDJ have the balls to do this and for that matter have done it several times through the years.
Anonymous said...
Mexico needs more balls,just like in Central and South American countries where they go after scumbag criminals and hang or burn their asses in public....oh wait criminals have rights too and human rights activists blame the innocent successful citizens for oppressing them.
Layla said...
"This is precisely the irrational violence that should be combatted"..with the death penalty!
"Sought out better training and investigative procedures..." This old hat excuses. When is Mexico willing to change its fundamental laws and procedures???
"Where are the gunnman..?" I don't know..
"How will they be prosecuted..?" I don't know
"Who saw what..?" I don't know
"Why are they doing this..?" I don't know
...and there's your problem.
When will the majority of Mexicans come clean with everything they see, hear, know..? Cartels can't kill em all.
Anonymous said...
I wonder if the sicarios were using guns taken to Mexico with Homeland Security assistance. Probably. I'm wondering if the US federal government assholes ever considered this type of scenario? With more help from the NRA the sicarios will probably start shooting up maternity wards next. It's time for Mexico to put up a fence to keep guns out.
Anonymous said...
Americans mind your own god damn business haha!
UFFA said...
Anonymous said...
Casino bombing in Monterrey. Come one BB.
ajulio said...
@ layla
Hmmmm. Very good comment. I'm also sick and tired of hearing these types of stories. When will Mexican citizens say enough is enough? When will the American media put more attention on Mexico instead of viewing Mexico like a second class country?
Cut off the head and the body dies. Find out who ordered this crime and shoot to kill. Mexican prisons are worthless. It's time to destroy instead of capture.
Anonymous said...
que hijos de pues que se puede esperar, no saben lo que es respeto...
Anonymous said...
Pinches bastardos punetas I bet I can kick their punk asses they aint shit without a gun
Anonymous said...
Looks like the Zetas just declared war on Calderon in Monterey in the same manner this event occurred. They killed 32 and injured 50 in a casino there. Mostly women. It is going to blow if there is not negotiation.
Buela said...
August 25 @ 8:12
You are correct. Mexican ladies love the casinos. and at that time of day there are sure to be many of all ages.
I posted the story on BB forum about 3 hours ago, with video etc but no article no news source has named any MDC responsible. why are you saying it is Zetas?
did you read something? I would like to see the source and link if you can please post it on my post in forum?
Anonymous said...
Texcoco Mex said
@August 25, 2011 8:12 PM I think that number went up now from 32 to 61 dead.
Anonymous said...
Stupid mexican president needs to use all 192 thousand of the military forces, he needs to send at least 15-30 thousand to sinola alone take the biggest cartel down first no need to legalized weed or bring back the death penalty.
Anonymous said...
UFFA. Guess what ZETAS already do what they want in TEXAS,your obviously not doing a good job.
Anonymous said...
August 25, 2011 4:30 PM
LMAOOOO!!! what you smokin dude?
Anonymous said...
Texcoco Mex said.
UFFA are you trying to tell us Texas is free of gangs?
No more Zetas Cartel, Texas Syndicate, Siete Viejo (gang), Tango Blast, Newton Gang, Mexikanemi, Hell's Lovers, Hammerskins, Dixie Mafia, Bandidos Motorcycle Club, Almighty Vice Lord Nation. Are all this gangs under control now?.
@August 25, 2011 11:07 PM Stupid mexican president needs to use all 192 thousand of the military force.
I don't know if you know, but Calderon did ask to use all the military. It was congress the ones who didn't allowed, congress are the ones who said no.
Anonymous said...
listen ppl , i am a mexican from mazatlan ,and i see alote of ppl talking negativly of chapo and el chapos ppl , but you all must understand , that he is the less of evil of thm all , here in mazatlan we have delt with zetas , and their way of working , wich is extorsion and kidnapping , thank god for chapo, he has almost kicked them all out ,where not stupid , we know hes a criminal , but if you dont fuck with la mafia , no one fucks with you, hes the best option we have right now , the gov. vale verga , they cqant fight these guys , you must understand that in mexico the only weapons that a citizen can "legalley" buy is a 22, 25 ,32 ,380,38special, wich is no match for aks, and grenades, soo i hope el chapo cleans my country from this shit called LOS ZEtaCUAHCES... PURO SINALOA JIJOS DE LA VERGA
Anonymous said...
When will the mexicans just stand up against these cartel fucks? We know it won't be easy but it can be done. When will mexicans just say, fuck it, enough is enough and grab arms and just kill every person linked to a cartel. I know this sound like arm chair talk but other people around the world have done it, even mexicans did it before. Libyans are still standing up to a Government. It's not easy but it gets you somewhere.
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0.150512 | <urn:uuid:e2446e69-354a-4d1c-93e0-bdf709e44b77> | en | 0.947412 | stanley kubrick
films and symbolism
by chris sheridan
2001: A Space Odyssey
Perhaps the most symbolic film of all times for the greatest archetypal symbols of all times - from the Dawn of Man to the mysteries of life, death and rebirth - and beyond.
2001 title frame
The Great Stages of Life:
Eating, Killing, Reproducing, Dying and Evolution
In 2001:, Kubrick and Clarke take on the largest issues of life, those that have both perplexed and inspired the greatest sages, philosophers, scientists and theologians throughout time - that being, Life itself, with questions like, "Who are we, how did we get here, where are we going, what's it all about?, etc. The most primitive animal survival instincts to the grandest achievements of civilized humankind, these great themes are explored and exposed in 2001: Eating, Killing, Reproducing, Dying and Evolution:
Quite a bit of time and conversation are spent on eating in 2001: from the beginning to the end and all throughout. While easily overlooked or dismissed, just looking at the eating scenes alone tells the story of the movie - the story of human development - and how our eating procedure changes right along with us.
eat grubs
The proto-humans start out as collector-gatherers, competing with other creatures for scarce resources.
They are also prey for stronger members of the animal kingdom - they are food.
eat meat
After the appearance of the Monolith, the proto-humans are now meat eaters, literally killing the competition (Tapirs).
eat station
eat pictures
eat moon
Floyd states that the taste of their fake sandwiches is "getting better all the time," en route to the Monolith.
eat discovery
On Discovery, food has become nothing more than warmed over multi colored paste.
eat bowman
Finally, Bowman sits down to an elegant meal, alone, but with seemingly real food and cutlery.
At first, killing is about eating and survival, then competition and conquest, and ultimately from paranoia and self-preservation.
kill bones
The proto-human remembers the Monolith and gets the idea to use tools - first, a weapon to kill something to eat.
kill rival
Competing for the scarce resource of life - water - the now well-fed tool user finds a new use - to conquer.
kill pod
HAL commands the pod to cut Poole's oxygen line while his is on EVA, beginning his paranoia-driven killing spree.
kill sleepers
HAL goes on to terminate the life functions of the three other astronauts in hibernation.
zero g toilet
After unsuccessfully trying to kill Bowman, HAL is himself killed through disconnection.
Although the physical act of reproduction is never really shown or even implied, we do see proto-human children as well as Dr. Floyd's daughter and Poole's parents. Clearly the Star-Child is a foetus on the verge of being born, and maybe not so clearly, there are several visual representations of many reproduction processes and elements.
repro 1
insert 2
The airlock is opened on the space station, prepared to receive the insertion of Orion.
discovery sperm
Discovery en route to its destination, sperm-like, ever-seeking its destiny.
lunar uterus
The lunar shuttle is received into Clavius, as if a fertilized egg nestling into the uterine wall.
Immediately following Bowman's death appears the Star-Child, a fully developed foetus awaiting birth.
dead poole
Bowman's humanity was shown in his determination to retrieve Poole's lifeless body.
dead bowman
Bowman finally dies of old age, mirroring the end of this stage of human evolution so that the new can be born.
This is not to open the odd debate as to whether our origins stem from creation or evolution - clearly, 2001: shows that there is a higher hand in our development and evolution of not only physical form, but a transformation of consciousness and humanity as well. Our evolution from wild animal to civilized human is shown through the way we eat. Hunter-gatherers became meat-eating hunters; a fantastic jump cut leads to space age man where synthetic, packaged meals are sucked through straws at first, then sandwiches are eaten (solid food) and at the end, Bowman's dinner is elegant - full cutlery, fine china and crystal glass - the most evolved form of eating for civilized man.
Human Evolution, in the large sense, is fully shown in four segments, and each involves an encounter with the Monolith:
1.) At The Dawn of Man, we see the last "day" in the life of proto-humans as being hunter gatherers competing for food and water - as well as being food. After the Monolith event, they are transformed into hunter-killers who are stronger can walk upright.
2.) The bone-to spaceship "4 million year jump cut" takes us to our current state of achievement, but still retaining much of the caveman attitude. Now, with absolute proof that we are not alone in the universe, we are forced to forever change the way we look at ourselves and our world.
3.) The experience on Discovery with the H.A.L. computer takes our technical evolution to the point where our machines have control over our own fate - and in some ways, have become more "human" - complete with pride and paranoia, while the humans have become emotionless task-masters.
4.) Through the Stargate and arriving at the "zoo", Bowman reaches the pinnacle of human development, treated in the film through the Louis XI (I think) motif - which was the last reign before the industrial revolution. Here, at the other end of the line, space-age man is reborn as the Star Child, returning back home to the Home Planet, bringing the wisdom, gifts and lessons from the epic journey for all to share, sparking a new humanity, another chapter in our creative evolution.
The Monolith
This enigmatic figure appears several times and brings with it the means for quantum jump in human evolution. Much speculation has been dedicated to just what this thing is, if it is a "thing" in the ordinary sense, but it is at least implied that its arrival heralds the presence of a creative hand in human development. The biggest changes happen very quickly and are not just random mutations over time.
The Monolith reveals the mystery of tools and weapons to the proto-humans, forever changing their destiny. After being buried on the moon for 4 million years, the Monolith has remained secret until earthlings have developed enough to make it to the moon and explore its surface. HAL knows a secret that has been kept from Bowman and Poole, leading to his paranoia and killing.
The "Empty Seat" Mystery
For some unexplained reason, and for reasons which one can only speculate, there are several scenes that clearly show an abundance of empty seats. On the Discovery, these empty seats make sense, as the three other crewmembers are in hibernation and are intended to wake up upon arrival and will need them to use. But in other scenes, there is a definite absence of people to fill the existing seats. This is not an oversight; Kubrick did this on purpose - building "extra" empty seats is expensive and unnecessary in filmmaking - but what is the purpose? One theory is that there was a recent space accident which may have scared off would-be travelers, but this doesn't hold up to the fact that there is an overabundance of crew members and support staff who all seem happily relaxed and eager to make space travel comfortable and pleasant.
Orion seats
On the Orion en route to the Space Station, Dr. Floyd is the only passenger.
elevator seats
On the Space Station, the elevator operator takes her only fare, Dr. Floyd, to customs.
Dr. Floyd checks into customs aboard the Space Station, and takes kiosk #17.
space station
The Space Station seems to have many more seats than are necessary.
On the shuttle going to the moon, Floyd and a flight attendant seem to be the only passengers.
In the "zoo" at the end, Bowman's living quarters also have many more seats than are necessary.
Perhaps the most mysterious case of empty seats is in the briefing on Clavius. The three seats nearest Floyd are not only empty, but each has a brief summary and empty water glass. Are we to believe the top-secret planners didn't know how many people with security clearance might be attending? Given that they are about to receive a briefing regarding the most profound discovery in human history, would there really be three no-shows?
Remember, they are all on the moon in this scene...where else would they go?
Kubrick-wide Themes - Birthdays, Bathrooms and Telephones
In most of Kubrick's films, he makes consistent reference to the following themes: Birthdays, Bathrooms and Telephones (and other communication devices) - and 2001 is rich in all three. These are very human things - as far as we know, we are the only creatures who celebrate the anniversaries of our births; of course, bathrooms are what we civilized humans (alone) use for a universal biological process; and telephones can be both a means for enhancing and extending communication - and a barrier to human communication. Kubrick is often (wrongly in the opinion of the author) accused of being cold and unfeeling with de-humanized characters. He may or may not be pessimistic about the current state and future fate of human nature, but he does get to the naked truth about what it means to be human, with our lofty ideals and endless faults, and is perhaps making a commentary about the way things are going - and will continue to go - unless we decide to change.
2001 phone call
In this scene, Dr. Heywood Floyd makes a picture-phone call to his daughter (played by Kubrick's actual daughter, Vivian) and all three themes are mentioned - her babysitter is in the bathroom, and she asks for a telephone for her birthday.
Other Birthdays
There are several other Birthdays in 2001: in addition to "Squirt's" birthday, mentioned above:
dawn of man
The birth of civilization, when the proto-humans first gain technology, and along with it, the power to hunt and kill.
franks bday
On the Discovery, Frank Poole gets a recorded birthday message from his parents, complete with cake.
hal bday
When Bowman disconnects him, HAL recalls January 12th, 1992 as the day he "became operational" (his birthday).
star child
After Bowman's death, the Star Child, an improvement in Man's evolutionary development, is ready to be re-born.
There are at least two other bathrooms in 2001:
zero g toilet
On the shuttle trip to the moon, Dr. Floyd carefully reads the instructions to the Zero Gravity Toilet.
blue bathroom
When Bowman arrives at his new home, or "zoo cage," he inspects the bathroom.
Telephones and Communication
In addition to the picture-phone call from the space station, other instances of electronic communication have a significant bearing on the storyline. Also on the Discovery, it is revealed that there is a 7 minute time delay between the ship and earth, adding another dimension (delay) to their communication.
TMA radio signal
On the lunar surface, the TMA object (monolith) emits a strong radio signal pointing to Jupiter.
AE 35
On the Discovery en route to Jupiter, Bowman replaces a component of the AE-35 unit, used to contact earth.
read lips
Bowman and Poole try to keep their conversation private from HAL in the soundproof pod, but HAL reads their lips.
open pod doors
Bowman returns with Poole's lifeless body to the ship but HAL denies him entry.
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Readers' Choice: Kevin Garnett
What a difference a year can make. Since 1998, the Wolves have devolved from the most dynamic young team in the NBA to a squad of aging role players who will most likely be nipping at the heels of the pack all season. Ironic that the Wolves set off the salary controversy and subsequent players' strike by offering a $126 million contract to premier pup Kevin Garnett, only to lose Stephon Marbury because they couldn't afford to pay him the same honkin' jackpot. If picking a best Wolves player has become a process of elimination, at least KG is still around and proving that he was worth the money. With consistent scoring and rebounding, occasionally breathtaking athleticism, and solid defense against the league's most dangerous offensive weapons, Garnett is quickly evolving into a prototype for the post-Jordan NBA superstar. He is exactly the sort of player the Wolves need to hold on to if they hope to rebuild their franchise and move back to the head of the pack.
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Originally from Minneapolis, Michelle Ducayet, is creative director at Soloflight. She graduated from Minneapolis College of Art and Design in 1991 and began her career in annual report design. Since then, Michelle has had the opportunity to work on all coasts and for a variety of creative agencies in both print and interactive media. Her work has been recognized by Communication Arts, HOW, Print and AIGA.
A Hammer And Shovel or A Mouse And Keyboard
If you have a degree in what field is it? A BFA in graphic design from Minneapolis College of Art & Design.
What's the best site you've seen lately? What’s so great about it? Daytum. Simplicity is complex and there is a real art to finding balance in design, which not all designers can effectively master. Daytum pairs a minimalist layout with a sophisticated approach to stylized graphics, which ultimately creates a beautiful and unpretentious design. The negative space and typography shine, and the overall concept really speaks to the geek side of me who embraces statistics and how they can be utilized just as effectively as photography.
If you were to change professions, what would you choose to do? In my current job I work for a healthcare publication where on a regular basis I have the opportunity to shoot portraits of scientists at medical research facilities. I think if I were to change my career, I would want to be a scientist because of the creativity and the ability for me to use both the left and right sides of my brain. I enjoy all the creativity and process that it takes to figure out how things work.
Design or technology? Which is more important? Why? That’s a loaded question; it’s like asking, “Which came first, the chicken or the egg?” Design and technology are equally important. It’s our responsibility as designers and developers to not get sidetracked by design or technology and to, instead, make them work together cohesively. When that happens, the results are a true harmony.
From where do your best ideas originate? From everything around me... creativity in the environment and in other professions.
How do you overcome a creative block? I usually invite a bunch of friends over, go to my kitchen, grab a bunch of ingredients and start cooking. Once good food, fun conversation and lots of spirits have been had, any creative block, thankfully, seems to disappear.
In one word, describe how you feel when beginning a new project? Not sure I can use one word, but it’s similar to the feeling that I had when I was a kid at Christmas or on my birthday. The excitement of sneaking down the stairs to see all the wrapped presents and that uncontrollable urge to run and tear open each one...
What well-known site is most desperately in need of a redesign? Any non-profit site that is more concerned with how much information is accessible from the home page than the engagement they are having with their viewers through effective storytelling.
Do you have creative outlets other than Web design? When I get home, I make it a point not to hop on my computer even if it’s screaming at me; instead I look to my garden and my house for creative inspiration. I always have creative projects on my to-do list whether it’s building a water feature or tiling a fireplace. I am equally content and comfortable holding a hammer and shovel as I am using a mouse and keyboard.
What music are you listening to right now? Spotify, the wonders of satellite radio, relieves all my diverse tastes and appeases everyone in the office.
What product/gadget can you not live without? My iPhone and especially Google Maps—I’m always getting lost.
What’s the strangest thing you’ve bought online? There are a few, but probably models of a brain, kidney and spine.
What's your favorite quote? “Make it work.” —Tim Gunn, Project Runway
Do you have any advice for people just entering the profession? Everything happens for a reason but, always, love what you do and believe in your talents.
What's one thing you wish you knew when you started your career? That the status or name recognition of where you work, or want to work, should not be as important as the clients and the quality of your work over the span of your career. | http://www.commarts.com/insights/hammer-shovel-mouse.html | dclm-gs1-475995528 | false | false | {
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[Comments] (1) : Hm, the first entry of 2005. What to say? Something profound--but not too profound. Perhaps a convocation for the new year, something to usher in peace and goodwill. Or I could just squander it by talking about games.
Hey, you know what games are cool? The ones by Steve Hardt. I've played his masterpiece XEvil for years, enjoying its ingenious set of moving parts, cartoony ultra-violence, and randomly-generated 2D playing field. Only recently did I learn that XEvil is Steve Hardt's second released game. XDeathlord was written earlier. It's got the same fun-style (there must be some German word for that) as XEvil, but in a vehicular combat mode instead of a personal combat mode. As such, it uses the X and Y axes instead of X and Z. I haven't been able to really get into the game yet, though, and I'm not sure why. Hopefully it's just my short attention span.
Steve Hardt also wrote a PalmOS game called TREADS, which I haven't tried out yet but it kind of looks like a more refined version of XDeathlord. The screenshots show Steve Hardt's game design philosophy, which I think is sorely lacking in a lot of the games I play for Roundups: a flexible set of techniques to use towards your goals, and lots of random variation within well-defined parameters. Almost every game I like has one or both of those traits (the rest I like because of minimalist simplicity), but they seem uncommon in the games I test for the Roundups. Not sure why.
: By no popular demand whatsoever, I present the list of Cryptonomicon-Baroque Cycle tie-ins that I haven't seen mentioned elsewhere (qv. NYCB passim). Presented in descending order of plausibility. Contains spoilers.
[Comments] (5) Telling Y'all It's An Arbitrage: I was able to buy a pint of half-and-half (for ice cream) for less than the price of a pint of milk. Why? The ingredients list for the half-and-half: "Milk, cream". Are they using really cheap cream that's cheaper than milk?
[Comments] (3) : Hey, Beautiful Soup fans (all others can ignore this entry). Among my other projects I am designing Beautiful Soup version 2.0, which should be much more coherent and powerful, as well as generating better parse trees and having better Unicode support. This will come at the expense of Python 1.5 compatibility and (as always) backwards compatibility with previous versions. Thanks to several incredibly useful contributed patches, I have almost everything figured out, but I have two unresolved issues about nomenclature and operator overloading, which follow. I know there is nothing Python programmers love better than arguing about nomenclature, so have at it.
1. Consider the following HTML:
<p><b>Foo <i>bar</i></b> <u>baz</u></p>
<div>Some more text</div>
*ML is parsed by Beautiful Soup (and other parsers) into a treelike structure, like so:
| +-B
| | |
| | +-"Foo"
| | |
| | +-I
| | |
| | +-"bar"
| +-U
| |
| +-"baz"
+-"Some more text"
One of the two defining features of Beautiful Soup is that it tries harder than other parsers to build this tree even when the markup is bad, and will always give you some sort of tree, on the assumption that if you wanted a ParsingIsHardLetsGoShoppingException you would have created one yourself. But one of the things missing from Beautiful Soup v1 is (to refer to the tree above) any notion of the relationship between the P tag and the DIV tag, which I've discovered can be a very important relationship to have access to when you're screen-scraping.
Looking at the tree it's obvious that the P tag and the DIV tag are siblings; they're right next to each other on the same level of the tree. But there's no easy way in Beautiful Soup to get from the P tag to the DIV tag. The .next member of the P tag is the B tag, because it was the thing *parsed* immediately after the P tag. You have to get the parent of the P tag (the root of the document), then get the list of its children, then go through it looking for the P tag, then see what the next thing is.
In Beautiful Soup v2, the P tag is going to have some pointer to the DIV tag, and vice versa. This will only be useful for relatively well-formed HTML, but when you need it, you need it.
However I'm not sure what to call these new members. previous and next are already taken as referring to "previous/next thing parsed" and I want to leave that alone. The only other ideas I have are previousSibling and nextSibling. Do you have any other suggestions?
2. The other defining feature of Beautiful Soup is that it comes packaged with tree-traversal methods, inefficient to run but very efficient to not have to write yourself. There are two such methods. The main one is called fetch and it searches the tree for whatever you're looking for, returning a list of everything that matches. This is aliased (in v1 and v2) to the method call operator __call__, so in the example above you'd write soup.fetch("b") or just soup("b") to get a list containing the only B tag.
But if you know there is only one B tag, it's a pain to call fetch and then take the first item in the resulting list. So there's a helper method called first that does it for you. In Beautiful Soup v2 I want some operator-overloading magic for the first operator. I can't think of anything suitably Pythonic, though.
Overriding __getitem__ would look OK, but I'm already using it to get a tag's attributes, ie. a['href']. So I've got two current contenders. The first is the dot operator (__getattr__). The dot operator looks the nicest (soup.head.title is lovely) but it also happens to be used for member and method access on objects. I'd rather not have a solution that does one thing when you call .title and another thing when you call .fetch, especially when you might be parsing some XML or made-up markup language that has a "fetch" tag. It also seems like it would slow down the parsing a lot.
The second contender is the % operator (__mod__). I can't explain why I like (soup % head) % title except that I think it's funny. Unfortunately the joke is too complicated to express in words, so you'll either get it too or you'll just have to take my word for it. On the other hand, if you took the modulus operator at its word you'd expect soup % head to give you the whole document but without the HEAD tags, which is totally not what first does. The other possible reference is to the string interpolation operator, but first is searching for a 'string', not inserting one. So it's not very intuitive unless you share my sense of programming humor.
I may just not create any shorthand for first since it is already shorthand for fetch()[0]. It would be nice to have something clever and elegant, though, the way we use the method call operator as an alias for fetch. Again, I need ideas.
[Comments] (6) : Got my braces (mostly) off today. There are tiny bands of braces still on my front teeth, making my mouth look like one of those old video games where you keep playing the same levels over and over again, but every time the platforms get shorter and harder to jump onto. Those come off in 2 weeks when I get the retainers.
[Comments] (3) Oyster Mushrooms Rockefeller: You come up with a great name for a dish and then it turns out someone else came up with it in 1998. They provided no recipe, though, so this is still groundbreaking stuff. I made this tonight for my "secondhand-eponymous dishes" mini-dinner party (also on the menu: Caesar salad and bananas Foster).
Basically you are going to put oyster mushrooms at the bottom of a ramekin (to simulate an oyster in its shell), and then fill it up with your favorite Oysters Rockefeller topping, except a little goopier to make up for the lack of oyster liqueur. Then you bake it and broil it. Here's the recipe I synthesized which tastes good, though I have no frame of reference to compare it to. It makes 4 ramekins worth.
Chop the MUSHROOMS and put them at the bottom of ramekins.
Saute the spinach and onion in the butter until the onion is a little brown and the spinach has wilted. Put the mixture in the food processor, add the rest of the FILLING ingredients, and process.
Make a white sauce out of the WHITE SAUCE ingredients, using the pan you just used for the spinach and onion. (Quick mini-recipe to make white sauce: melt butter, add flour and stir, when it's brown add milk and stir and reduce to a sauce.) Pour the white sauce in the food processor and process again. You are basically making a weird pesto with white sauce instead of olive oil. Then scoop it into the ramekins and smooth it out flat.
Bake for about 12 minutes at 350 degrees, then garnish with more breadcrumbs and finish it by broiling for 2 minutes. Garnish with chopped parsley, hot sauce, lemon juice, or whatever. Tasty!
[Comments] (1) Iron Chef America #3: I say #3 because the Food Network extravaganza coming later this month is the third attempt to port the Iron Chef meme to an American production. There were a couple UPN "Iron Chef USA" specials in 2001 which although unwatchable were enjoyably unwatchable. Then recently Food Network did a few "Battle of the Masters" specials which turn out to have been an extended pilot for this show that's more or less exactly the same. Unfortunately there are some big problems with their casting, in some ways I think representing a step backwards from that of the much-maligned UPN specials.
Case in point: Bobby Flay. Bobby Flay is not one of the world's great chefs. He's just a pretty good chef who has a successful restaurant and a television show. Of all the chefs in the history of Iron Chef he's the only one I think I'd have a shot at beating if I somehow got on the show. I admire his willingness to make spicy dishes, but Emeril Lagasse has built his entire career out of a willingness to make spicy dishes (or, rather, acting as though somewhat spicy dishes were really spicy while making it obvious how to make them spicy for real), and he has the natural showmanship for which Bobby Flay substitutes boyish good looks. What's more, Emeril's shows already look like solo Iron Chef acts. So as long as only people with Food Network shows get to be Iron Chefs, pick frickin Emeril. After all, he's got two shows on the Food Network, so he's doubly qualified.
I don't like Mario Batali either, but from what I can tell he is actually a world-class chef. You can't get me excited about him, though. His dishes doesn't seem very inventive; well-crafted but also very traditional, more like a challenger than an Iron Chef. I can't think of an alternate choice among people already on the Food Network payroll, but surely there must be some great Italian chef in New York or LA who's crazy enough to be an Iron Chef. Go through the archives and call up the Americans who won or held their own when they were on the original show. Do I have to do everything for you?
Wolfgang Puck became famous in the early 1990s for putting weird things like goat cheese on pizza (well, it was weird back then). In a fair universe this sort of skill would make him a great Iron Chef, and I think of the non-import Iron Chefs he's the best. I still don't really like him on an absolute scale but my mind is still open. The obvious choice for an Iron Chef of California cuisine is Alice Waters, who invented the whole thing, but she'd probably find the whole thing kind of ridiculous.
I see Masaharu Morimoto in the promos but I don't know if they're going to keep him around as a real competitor or just as a relic of the Japanese show. I always liked him, because I think fusion cuisine is the soul of Iron Chefdom, and his predecessors as Iron Chefs Japanese didn't do a lot of fusion; after all, they were in Japan and could just play straight to the Japanese palate. I hope he stays around, even though it seems like a lot of Iron Chefs if they keep him, and we all know that too many Iron Chefs spoil the Iron Broth.
Alton Brown, by his own admission, is also not one of the world's great chefs. But that's fine because he's not an Iron Chef; he's the color commentator. This is a job for which already having a cooking TV show is actually useful experience. He doesn't have to come up with his own ideas on the spot; he just has to make whatever's going on sound interesting. I think this is the best casting choice they made, but I'm prejudiced.
Finally we come to the Chairman, played here by Mark Dacascos. I really like the actor but not the character he plays. He doesn't seem an eccentric, like Kaga or Shatner played. More of a dilletante, as though Kitchen Stadium were a side project he funded out of his stock options rather than a grandiose bid for culinary immortality or a scheme to humiliate rival clans with his army of chef-assassins, or even just an obscene display of wealth which was what Shatner seemed to be going for.
Uh, conclusion: I predict we're going to be seeing a lot more shows where the challenger wins. I find it highly unlikely that three of the four best chefs in the country would happen to already have shows on the Food Network. I find it only slightly unlikely that someone who was an Iron Chef in Japan could transfer his skills to the American palate, especially since Morimoto has a restaurant in New York and was the most American of the Japanese Iron Chefs (for all I know he really is American).
Coming soon: the meta-trend continues with another entry about Hey! Spring of Trivia.
[Comments] (3) : The worst part about coming up with a kitchen utensil or other gadget to be sold through TV infomercials must surely be coming up with another, lower-margin gadget to give away as the "But wait! There's more!" freebie. You put all your genius into one super molded-plastic product but your ungrateful market demands some cheap auxilliary device for cracking eggs or something. It seems such an integral part of the sell that I envision Gilbert and Sullivan teams of product designers, one who excels at the big product and one who comes up with the perfect giveaway to accompany. Or a SourceXchange type market for matching big products with small, to form marketable sets. I think too much about this kind of thing, possibly because I can see myself as the guy who comes up with those half-brilliant, half-lame ideas for kitchen gadgets.
[Comments] (8) Hey Rachel: This sounds like an easy way you could make some good money, if you can get used to fleecing the gullible without feeling guilty, (not, in my experience, a strength of the Richardson/Whitney bloodline, but associated more in my mind with the trickster Calls). It monetizes the skills I said during Christmas you should monetize, but is a whole lot higher margin than making collage crafts. Link via Accordion Guy.
[Comments] (1) Great Moments In User Interface Design: Seriously.
[Comments] (2) Apache Question: It looks like you can't use a text file to drive a RewriteMap if the URLs you're rewriting to are longer than 1024 bytes. Is this accurate? Does anyone else consider this a blot on mod_rewrite (as though it wasn't already bespeckled with blots)? I'm using a .dbm file instead, which doesn't have this problem, but it's aggravating.
[Comments] (2) Jokes With The Same Punchline: What punchline is used in the most distinct jokes? I can't even think of a punchline used in two distinct jokes, but it must happen sometimes. Perhaps the people who did that big humor study could help; they must already have a big database of parsed jokes.
: I saw the Piececlopedia over at our old friend the Chess Variant Page. Looking at all the wacky new pieces people have come up with for chess variants I was reminded of those less intellectual games where in between levels you buy items from an enormous stock of weaponry. Since there are already standard accepted point values for the standard pieces, why not extend that to the weird pieces as well, give each player some number of points, and let them pick and choose from the list to populate their army?
It turns out that when I thought this I reinvented BuyPoint Chess, which is less enthusiastic about allowing every single chess variant piece but was written by someone who's actually good at chess and can figure out game balance, and also who came up with it eight years before I did. I've got other ideas for introducing basic other-game mechanics to chess: bidding on pieces, drawing pieces from a Scrabble bag. But if I just spend enough time looking through chessvariants.org I'm sure I'll find any idea I might come up with on my own. It's the Library of Babel for chess variants.
Bonuses: semi-derogatory names for "real" chess by variant enthusiasts: "orthochess" and "FIDE chess". And the funniest chess variant I've seen: Accounting Chess, with two sets of rules.
[Comments] (1) : I added an RSS feed of the new books published by Dover to the Automat. Now it's easy to keep track of what's going on at every nerd's favorite not-quite-general-purpose publishing house. Don't miss Spacecraft Attitude Dynamics or Country and Suburban Houses of the Twenties: With Photographs and Floor Plans. Sometimes Dover's books are awesome and sometimes they remind me of Andy's father's geology books that we made fun of in ZZT games. "Why drink coffee when you can read Origin of Sedimentary Rocks, or the heart-pounding, best-selling Principles of Geomorphology."
Cannibalism story is done in rough draft, which is good, but now I'm back to my usual uncaring state about story-writing. I was hoping I'd get writing fever and end up going NaNoWriMo and writing the whole novel of which that story is but a set piece, but it seems that's not what my brain has in store for me. I did discover that making up a story while handwriting it goes a lot faster than doing so while typing it.
Sisyphus vs. Charlie Brown: For millenia, Western civilization has used the myth of Sisyphus as its futility myth. But within the past fifty years a new myth has entered our psyche which I think does a better job in many respects: the myth of Charlie Brown trying to kick Lucy's football.
It may seem silly, and the myth of Sisyphus does have the gravitas, but only because of its great age. The myth has a big buildup about Sisyphus snubbing gods no one cares about anymore and inhabiting an underworld that's long been replaced in our namespace by the Christian hell, then leaving the underworld and being dragged back and blah and blah. All of it is to provide a flimsy justification why Sisyphus should have to push his rock all the time. What's missing is any real motive. Why should he push his rock all the time? He just has to. It must be stipulated.
On the other hand it's not hard to understand why Charlie Brown should, eventually against his own better judgement, try over and over again to kick Lucy's football. Kicking footballs is the kind of thing humans want to do. When the sport of football is forgotten everything will still be explained in the dialogue: "I'll hold the football, and you kick it". Charlie Brown's own desire, vanity, and hope compel him to go after the football time and time again. There is no need for the gods to curse him because he has cursed himself.
Camus would say (and did):
The lack of hope is only a prerequisite for Sisyphus' compelled labor. Hope is what tempts Charlie Brown to choose his fate for another year. His "torture", as it were, is delayed until the moment Lucy betrays him, when it is repaid with interest. Camus' Sisyphus has his reprieve while the rock rolls back down his hill, but during Charlie Brown's reprieve, the brief lifetime of his hope, he is building up the momentum that will inevitably be turned against him. I think that's more tragic.
Anyway, according to that history site, starting in 1986 Charlie Brown had actually given up his hope, and those strips are less compelling. The same thing that makes them less compelling also makes them more like the Sisyphean myth. Q.E.D.
Get Up, Stand Up, Come On, Put Game Roundup: First, some updates from Game Roundups past. I played xdeathlord some more and it's not me, it's it. It's not nearly as good a game as xevil. It's just plain hard to play. So blah. Second, since its last mention two years ago Iter Vehemens ad Necum has in true roguelike fashion gotten bigger and in true IVAN fashion gotten weirder (and gorier), becoming simultaneously less and more frustrating. It remains in my opinion the most bizarre roguelike, the Yapok Sundria of roguelikes, if you will.
And now, new games. I'm very excited about this roundup; most of the games here are really good. They're also for the most part pretty violent, which may or may not be a plus in your book. One of them isn't as violent as it needs to be, which won't satisfy anyone.
Closed source games are not eligible for the Palm d'Rassemblement De Jeu (Des Jeux?), so Gate 88 is disqualified and the winner of this roundup is Apricots, the chaotic death-from-above game with the classic Amiga lines. Runners-up: Marauder and Atris. The traditional limerick prize celebrates the many non-enemy-initiated modes of death in Apricots:
When Pilot Mike tired of slaughter
Right into a fir tree he'd auger
It felt like a balm
To smash into a palm
And bliss to crash-land in the water
: Try your luck at the Incompatible Food Triad. A winner every time! (for certain values of "winner")
The Great Coffinfish Hoax: "Although they are genuine images of some rather strange deep-sea creatures, these photographs have nothing to do with the Indian Ocean tsunami."
[Comments] (1) The Gloves (And Braces) Come Off: Here I go!
: Lisa Schile told me about this smirking fellow: the Typothyrax. I mean the Typothorax.
[Comments] (1) : Does anyone else who uses the Technorati API notice that it's down a lot? I'm getting errors about 3/4 of the time or even more. Maybe it's my usage, the time of day my cron runs, etc. but it seems a little weird.
[Comments] (5) On Retainer(s): My top retainer mold has a negative cast of my palate that looks a lot like a Klingon's forehead. I've been carrying a Klingon forehead in my mouth all my life without knowing it. Now I wonder if the Trek actors who play Klingons are acting with big molds of their palates or someone's palates on their foreheads. Probably not practical.
Development Diary: I've been putting off working on the Ultra Gleeper but today I did most of what I still need to do before CodeCon and it wasn't so bad. Now it's mostly a matter of writing the paper. I feel like I need to take a break from my existing projects and commitments and only work on new things for a while. Maybe after CodeCon, or after CodeCon plus Beautiful Soup 2.0.
[Comments] (4) Not So Fast, Kid: Kid singing the alphabet song at Trader Joe's: "Q, R, S, T, U, V, now I know my ABCs." Nobody uses those last letters anyway.
Crouching Software, Hidden Roundup: Yes, it's the first Software Roundup in a year and a half! And I still have a backlog of 137 non-game items to investigate. Since statistics prove the real draw to this site is the Game Roundup, I'm posting this first and the new GR will follow.
The winner: pypov, which I hope people more graphically inclined than I get some good use out of. And now, the traditional prize of a limerick, soon to be a major driver in improving open source software quality:
pypov shows me why, back in the day
I couldn't use POV-Ray
They say only fools
Go blaming their tools
I've just about had it with "they".
It's Another Tequila Game Roundup: And here it is, the Roundup you've been waiting for. In case you're wondering, my Game Roundup backlog is a whopping 249 games. It's madness! But it's not like this is my job or anything.
So there we go. Tong wins this Software Roundup, and gets the limerick:
A game that is more than one game
Is constantly changing its name
The more clones we tacks on
From Asteroids to Zaxxon
The more we put Firefox to shame
Accidental Users: I often write software expecting other people will use it and they don't. So it's always a pleasant surprise when someone uses a piece of software I didn't really intend for anyone else to use. The person is Josh Barratt, fellow Alton Brown fan and Minix hacker, who has installed a copy of The Me Software Map, the script I wrote for managing the "here's a list of all the software I've written" page often seen on nerds' websites. This gives me hope for the future.
[Comments] (1) I Can't Believe It's Not Not Software Roundup: Even though I have so much to do and today I shoveled even more on my plate (more about this later), I figured I'd just go through some of the Software Roundup backlog and weed out the ones that turned out to not be interesting. I should have known. I got sucked into the shadowy world of software trying-out and another new Software Roundup was born. Here it is. Now I'm going to turn off the computer, except I need the computer for the stuff I'm supposed to be doing. Dang.
And now the winner. For fear of aspersions being cast upon my Y chromosome, I have no choice but to hand the award to the Real Man's Compiler Collection, that blackmailing constable of social norms. Enjoy this limerick, Real Man's Compiler Collection:
Gimme Google Memewatch: "give me back my"
: Going to the yearly CollabNet retreat, or as it's called this year, the CollabNet retrograde advance. It's likely no bruising of news will occur until Friday night. To top it all off, the company doing our team-building activity stole my and Kevin's team-building business idea and watered it down into a safe, liability-free activity.
We planned to take participants on board our walktheplank.net-branded ship as swabbies, show them how to handle a rope and a cutlass, then storm the nearest container ship. Those that survived would become more effective teammates and take home valuable merchandise, as well as peg legs and other picturesque injuries. They've watered it down to mere "pirate-themed challenges" such as the Cannonball Carry. Such is ever the reward of genius! And of genoise.
[Comments] (1) :
Compsognathus sing this song, doo-dah, doo-dah
Compsognathus five miles long, oh the doo-dah day
Fast Jack
[Comments] (5) Granola: The thing I've missed most while having braces turns out to be granola, so I've been making a lot of it and it's great. I'm using Alton Brown's recipe but with different nuts and fruits. Macadamias are great, peanuts are less great. Dried berries are better than raisins. Alyson, would you post or send me the recipe for the granola you made when I came to visit last year?
[Comments] (6) Speaking of Granola: My AAA membership expired and they sent me this really obnoxious membership renewal package, so I got pissed off at them and joined the vaguely-named Better World Club instead. They wear their politics on their sleeve instead of being sneaky about it like AAA does.
So far it's working fine. The only things AAA has over BWC as far as I can tell are: with AAA you can be a map hog and get a billion maps and they have to suck it up; BWC limits you to ten per year. And because my AAA membership was grandfathered in from my mother, or mothered in, I guess, the membership card said I'd been a member for longer than I've actually been alive. But that comedy gold mine went bust when my membership lapsed, and I already have more maps than I know what to do with, so I recommend switching unless BWC's hippy attitude aggravates you as much as AAA's fake-personal direct mail and mandatory upsell magazine aggravates me.
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