license: apache-2.0
tags:
- nasa
- comets
- classification
size_categories:
- 100K<n<1M
Hi, I’m Seniru Epasinghe 👋
I’m an AI undergraduate and an AI enthusiast, working on machine learning projects and open-source contributions.
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Near-Earth Comets (NECs) Classification Dataset
This repository provides an open-source dataset of Near‑Earth Comets (NECs) and their classification as Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) or not, based on the standards defined by NASA/JPL CNEOS.
The dataset covers observations from 1950 to 2025
This dataset was created to support: - Machine Learning / AI classification projects - Risk assessments and orbital analysis - Astronomy and astrophysics education - Research on PHA‑related orbital characteristics
Column Descriptions
| Column Name | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Date | Date of the dataset record. |
| Neo Reference ID | Unique identifier assigned by NASA/JPL for the object. |
| Name | Official or provisional designation of the Near-Earth Comet/Asteroid. |
| Absolute Magnitude (H) | Brightness of the object; used to estimate size. |
| Estimated Diameter (km, m, miles, feet) | Estimated physical size range in multiple units. |
| Close Approach Date | When the object made its close approach to Earth (or another body). |
| Epoch Date — Close Approach | Time reference used for orbital calculations during the close approach. |
| Relative Velocity (km/s, km/hr, mph) | Object's speed relative to Earth in multiple units. |
| Miss Distance (AU, LD, km, miles) | Distance by which the object missed Earth, in multiple units. |
| Orbiting Body | Celestial body the object approaches (e.g., Earth, Mars). |
| Orbit ID | Identifier of the orbit solution at that epoch. |
| Orbit Determination Date | When JPL finalized the orbital solution. |
| Orbit Uncertainty | Numerical uncertainty measure (0 = best, 9 = worst). |
| Minimum Orbit Intersection Distance (MOID) | Minimum distance between Earth's orbit and the object's orbit. |
| Jupiter Tisserand Invariant | Orbital classification parameter related to comet vs. asteroid dynamics. |
| Epoch Osculation | Timestamp for orbital element calculation. |
| Eccentricity | Orbit shape (0 = circular, 1 = parabolic). |
| Semi-Major Axis | Half of the longest dimension of the orbital ellipse. |
| Inclination | Tilt of the object's orbit relative to Earth's orbital plane. |
| Ascending Node Longitude | Where the object crosses the reference plane going northward. |
| Orbital Period | Time required to complete one orbit. |
| Perihelion Distance | Closest distance to the Sun. |
| Perihelion Argument | Angle describing orbit orientation. |
| Aphelion Distance | Furthest distance from the Sun. |
| Perihelion Time | When the object reaches perihelion. |
| Mean Anomaly | Angular position of the object in its orbit. |
| Mean Motion | Average orbital angular speed. |
| Equinox | Reference coordinate system epoch. |
| Hazardous | TRUE if it meets potentially hazardous asteroid (PHA) criteria. |
References
- https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_query.html
- https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/about/neo_groups.html#:~:text=Potentially%20Hazardous%20Asteroids%3A%20NEAs%20whose,H)%20is%2022.0%20or%20brighter.
License
This dataset is released as open-source under the Apache License.
You may freely use it in academic, commercial, or private projects.