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20231101.en_13212981_6
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Diderot
|
French battleship Diderot
|
In early August 1914, the ship cruised the Strait of Sicily in an attempt to prevent the German battlecruiser and the light cruiser from breaking out to the West. On 16 August 1914 the combined Anglo-French Fleet under Admiral Auguste Boué de Lapeyrère, including Diderot, made a sweep of the Adriatic Sea. The Allied ships encountered the Austro-Hungarian cruiser , escorted by the destroyer , blockading the coast of Montenegro. There were too many ships for Zenta to escape, so she remained behind to allow Ulan to get away and was sunk by gunfire during the Battle of Antivari off the coast of Bar, Montenegro. Diderot subsequently participated in a number of raids into the Adriatic later in the year and patrolled the Ionian Islands. From December 1914 through 1917, the ship participated in the distant blockade of the Straits of Otranto while based in Corfu. In May 1918, Diderot became flagship of the First Division of the Second Squadron and was transferred that month to Mudros with her sister ships, and , to prevent Goeben from breaking out into the Mediterranean and remained there until the end of the war.
|
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20231101.en_13212981_7
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Diderot
|
French battleship Diderot
|
After the Armistice of Mudros was signed on 30 October between the Allies and the Ottoman Empire, the ship participated in the early stage of the occupation of Constantinople from 12 November to 12 December. Diderot was based in Toulon throughout 1919 and was modernized in 1922–25 to improve her underwater protection. The ship became a training ship in 1927 and was condemned in on 17 March 1937; sold to M. Gosselin-Duriez on 30 July 1937 for 3,557,010 FF, she arrived at Dunkirk for breaking up on 31 August.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212983_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Condorcet
|
French battleship Condorcet
|
Condorcet was one of the six semi-dreadnought battleships built for the French Navy in the early 1900s. When World War I began in August 1914, she unsuccessfully searched for the German battlecruiser and the light cruiser in the Western and Central Mediterranean. Later that month, the ship participated in the Battle of Antivari in the Adriatic Sea and helped to sink an Austro-Hungarian protected cruiser. Condorcet spent most of the rest of the war blockading the Straits of Otranto and the Dardanelles to keep German, Austro-Hungarian and Turkish warships bottled up.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212983_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Condorcet
|
French battleship Condorcet
|
After the war, she was modernized in 1923–1925 and subsequently became a training ship. In 1931, the ship was converted into an accommodation hulk. Condorcet was captured intact when the Germans occupied Vichy France in November 1942 and was used by them to house sailors of their navy (Kriegsmarine). She was badly damaged by Allied bombing in 1944, but was later raised and scrapped by 1949.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212983_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Condorcet
|
French battleship Condorcet
|
Although the s were a significant improvement from the preceding , they were outclassed by the advent of the dreadnought well before they were completed. This, combined with other poor traits, including the great weight in coal they had to carry, made them unsuccessful ships overall, though their numerous rapid-firing guns were of some use in the Mediterranean.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212983_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Condorcet
|
French battleship Condorcet
|
Condorcet was long overall and had a beam of and a full-load draft of . She displaced at deep load and had a crew of 681 officers and enlisted men. The ship was powered by four Parsons steam turbines using steam generated by twenty-six Niclausse boilers. The turbines were rated at and provided a top speed of around . Condorcet reached a top speed of on her sea trials. She carried a maximum of of coal which allowed her to steam for at a speed of .
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212983_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Condorcet
|
French battleship Condorcet
|
Condorcets main battery consisted of four 305mm/45 Modèle 1906 guns mounted in two twin gun turrets, one forward and one aft. The secondary battery consisted of twelve 240mm/50 Modèle 1902 guns in twin turrets, three on each side of the ship. A number of smaller guns were carried for defense against torpedo boats. These included sixteen L/65 guns and ten Hotchkiss guns. The ship was also armed with two submerged torpedo tubes. The ship's main belt was thick and the main battery was protected by up to of armor. The conning tower also had 300 mm thick sides.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212983_5
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Condorcet
|
French battleship Condorcet
|
During the war, 75 mm anti-aircraft guns were installed on the roofs of the ship's two forward 240 mm gun turrets. During 1918, the mainmast was shortened to allow the ship to fly a captive kite balloon and the elevation of the 240 mm guns was increased which extended their range to .
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212983_6
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Condorcet
|
French battleship Condorcet
|
Construction of Condorcet was begun on 26 December 1906 by Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire in Saint-Nazaire and the ship was laid down on 23 August 1907. She was launched on 20 April 1909 and was completed on 25 July 1911. Condorcet was initially assigned to the 1st Division of the 1st Squadron (escadre) of the Mediterranean Fleet when she was commissioned. The ship participated in combined fleet maneuvers between Provence and Tunisia in May–June 1913 and the subsequent naval review conducted by the President of France, Raymond Poincaré on 7 June 1913. Afterwards, Condorcet joined her squadron in its tour of the Eastern Mediterranean in October–December 1913 and participated in the grand fleet exercise in the Mediterranean in May 1914.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212983_7
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Condorcet
|
French battleship Condorcet
|
At the beginning of the war, the ship, together with her sister and the dreadnought , unsuccessfully searched for the German battlecruiser Goeben and the light cruiser Breslau in the Balearic Islands. On 9 August, Condorcet cruised the Strait of Sicily in an attempt to prevent the German ships from breaking out to the West. On 16 August 1914 the combined Anglo-French Fleet under Admiral Auguste Boué de Lapeyrère, including Condorcet, made a sweep of the Adriatic Sea. The Allied ships encountered the Austro-Hungarian cruiser , escorted by the destroyer , blockading the coast of Montenegro. There were too many ships for Zenta to escape, so she remained behind to allow Ulan to get away and was sunk by gunfire during the Battle of Antivari off the coast of Bar, Montenegro. Condorcet subsequently participated in a number of raids into the Adriatic later in the year and patrolled the Ionian Islands. From December 1914 to 1916, the ship participated in the distant blockade of the Straits of Otranto while based in Corfu. On 1 December 1916, Condorcet was in Athens and contributed troops to the Allied attempt to ensure Greek acquiescence to Allied operations in Macedonia. Shortly afterwards, she was transferred to Mudros to prevent Goeben from breaking out into the Mediterranean and remained there until September 1917. The ship was transferred to the 2nd Division of the 1st Squadron in May 1918 and returned to Mudros where she remained for the rest of the war.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212983_8
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Condorcet
|
French battleship Condorcet
|
From 6 December 1918 to 2 March 1919, Condorcet represented France in the Allied squadron in Fiume that supervised the settlement of the Yugoslav question. Afterwards, the ship was assigned to the Channel Division of the French Navy. She was modernized in 1923–24 to improve her underwater protection and her four aft 75 mm guns were removed. Together with her sisters and , she was assigned to the Training Division at Toulon. Condorcet housed the torpedo and electrical schools and had a torpedo tube fitted on the port side of her quarterdeck. She was partially disarmed in 1931 and converted into an accommodation hulk; by 1939 her propellers had been removed. The famous underwater explorer Jacques Cousteau began diving while stationed aboard the ship in 1936.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212983_9
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Condorcet
|
French battleship Condorcet
|
In April 1941, the ship was towed to sea to evaluate the propellant used by the battleship during the Battle of Dakar on 24 September 1940. One gun had an explosion in the breech and the propellant for the shell was thought to be the cause. A number of shots were successfully fired from Condorcets aft turret by remote control that exonerated the propellant. The following July, the ship was modified to house the signal, radio and electrician's schools. Berthing areas were installed in the bases of four funnels, which had been removed previously, and the latest radio equipment was installed for the students to train on. On 10 September 1941, Condorcet was accidentally rammed by the submarine as she was leaving drydock. The impact punctured the ship's hull and flooded one compartment which required Condorcet to be drydocked for repairs. The ship was captured intact by the Germans when they occupied Vichy France on 27 November 1942. Unlike the bulk of the French Fleet in Toulon, Condorcet was not scuttled because she had trainees aboard. Used by the Germans as a barracks ship, she was badly damaged by Allied aircraft in August 1944 and scuttled that same month by the Germans.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212983_10
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Condorcet
|
French battleship Condorcet
|
Some of her 240 mm guns were used by the Germans in a coastal battery on the north bank of the Gironde estuary on the Bay of Biscay in 1944.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212983_11
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Condorcet
|
French battleship Condorcet
|
The ship was salvaged in September 1945 and listed for sale on 14 December. Condorcets breaking up was completed about 1949.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212985_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Mirabeau
|
French battleship Mirabeau
|
Mirabeau was one of the six semi-dreadnought battleships built for the (French Navy) in the first decade of the twentieth century. Completed in 1911, the ship often served as a flagship before the beginning of World War I three years later. Mirabeau spent the war in the Mediterranean Sea and spent most of her time blockading the Straits of Otranto and the Dardanelles to prevent German, Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman warships from breaking out into the Mediterranean. She also participated in the attempt to ensure Greek acquiescence to Allied operations in Macedonia in late 1916. Mirabeau briefly participated in the occupation of Constantinople after the end of the war in late 1918 and was deployed in the Black Sea in early 1919 during the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War. She ran aground in February 1919 off the coast of the Crimea and could not be refloated until some of her guns, armor and boilers were removed. After returning to France later that year, the ship was stricken from the Navy List. Mirabeau was given to a salvage company as payment for salvaging another battleship and broken up in 1922.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212985_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Mirabeau
|
French battleship Mirabeau
|
Although the s were a significant improvement from the preceding , they were outclassed by the advent of the dreadnought well before they were completed. Mirabeau was long overall and had a beam of and a deep-load draft of . She displaced at normal load and had a crew of 25 officers and 831 enlisted men. While serving as a flagship, her crew numbered 31 officers and 886 enlisted men. The ship was powered by four Parsons steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft using steam generated by twenty-six Belleville boilers. The turbines were rated at and were designed to provide a top speed of . Mirabeau slightly exceeded this figure when she reached a top speed of on her sea trials. The ship carried enough coal to give her a range of at a speed of .
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212985_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Mirabeau
|
French battleship Mirabeau
|
The main battery of the Dantons consisted of four Canon de modèle 1906 mounted in two twin gun turrets, one forward and one aft of the superstructure. Their secondary armament consisted of a dozen Canon de modèle 1902 guns in twin turrets, three on each side of the ship. A number of smaller guns were carried for defense against torpedo boats. These included sixteen Canon de modèle 1908 guns in casemates in the sides of the hull and eight Hotchkiss guns mounted on the superstructure. She was also armed with two submerged torpedo tubes, one on each broadside. The ship's waterline armor belt ranged in thickness from and the main gun turrets were protected by armor thick. The sides of the conning tower consisted of armor plates.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212985_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Mirabeau
|
French battleship Mirabeau
|
The four aft 75-millimeter gun positions were very prone to flooding in anything other than calm weather and were removed from the Dantons in 1915–1917; their embrasures were plated over to stop the flooding. The four 47-millimeter guns on the aft superstructure were transferred to other ships at some point during the war. Those on the forward superstructure received high-angle mounts and were repositioned to better serve as anti-aircraft guns.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212985_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Mirabeau
|
French battleship Mirabeau
|
Ordered as part of the second tranche of the 1900 naval law that authorized a total of 19 battleships by 1919, Mirabeau was named after Honoré Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau, an early leader of the French Revolution. Construction of the ship began on 8 May 1906 at the Arsenal de Lorient and she was laid down on 4 May 1908. Mirabeau was launched on 28 October 1909 and was completed () on 1 August 1911. Upon reaching Toulon on 15 August, the ship became the flagship of Rear Admiral () Dominique-Marie Gauchet, commander of the Mediterranean Squadron ('s) Second Division () of the First Battle Squadron (). Together with four of her sisters, she participated in a large naval review by the President of France, Armand Fallières, off Cap Brun on 4 September and then the visit by the Navy Minister, Théophile Delcassé on the 8th.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212985_5
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Mirabeau
|
French battleship Mirabeau
|
In mid-April 1912, the First Battle Squadron hosted three British armored cruisers at Golfe-Juan as their commander, Rear-Admiral Edward Gamble unveiled monuments to King Edward VII and his mother, Queen Victoria, at Cannes. Mirabeau participated in the July maneuvers in the Western Mediterranean and the exercise simulating a blockade of Ajaccio, Corsica, in November. On 3 March 1913 the First Battle Squadron conducted gunnery training off the Îles d'Hyères with the First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill, observing. The ship participated in combined fleet maneuvers between Provence and French Tunisia in May–June and the subsequent naval review conducted by the President of the Council, Raymond Poincaré, on 7 June. Rear Admiral Marie-Jean-Lucien Lacaze relieved Gauchet on 16 August and Mirabeau joined her squadron in its tour of the Eastern Mediterranean in October–December, making port visits in Egypt, Syria, and Greece.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212985_6
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Mirabeau
|
French battleship Mirabeau
|
Lacaze shifted his flag to her sister on 12 March 1914 and the ship had to briefly withdraw from the grand fleet exercises on 13 May due to engine troubles. As tensions rose during the July Crisis, Mirabeau and the other ships of the First Battle Squadron downloaded their practice ammunition and exchanged suspect lots of propellant for new ones beginning on 27 July. They recoaled four days later and the mobilized on 2 August.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212985_7
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Mirabeau
|
French battleship Mirabeau
|
Before the French declared war on the German Empire on the morning of 4 August, Vice Admiral () Augustin Boué de Lapeyrère, commander of the 1st Naval Army (), as the Mediterranean Squadron had been renamed in 1913, ordered most of his ships to concentrate off the Algerian coast to escort troop convoys to Metropolitan France and to blockade German shipping in the Mediterranean. Despite this deployment the German battlecruiser and light cruiser were able to bombard Bône and Philippeville on 4 August. Despite Mirabeaus machinery problems which limited the 1st Battle Squadron to a speed of , the squadron probably would have intercepted the German ships later that morning if its commander, Vice Admiral Paul Chocheprat, had not ordered a turn to the west. Mirabeau spent the rest of the month under repair. Aside from several uneventful sorties into the Adriatic, the French capital ships spent most of their time cruising between the neutral Greek and Italian coasts to prevent the Austro-Hungarian fleet from attempting to break out of the Adriatic. The torpedoing of the dreadnought battleship on 21 December by the Austro-Hungarian submarine showed that the battleships were vulnerable to this threat, and they were withdrawn to spend the rest of the month further south at an anchorage in Navarino Bay.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212985_8
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Mirabeau
|
French battleship Mirabeau
|
On 11 January 1915, the French were alerted that the Austro-Hungarian fleet was going to sortie from its base at Pola, so the Naval Army sailed north to the Albanian coast. It proved to be a false alarm, and they were back at their moorings three days later. In the meantime, the ships patrolled the Ionian Sea. The declaration of war on Austria-Hungary by Italy on 23 May, and the Italian decision to assume responsibility for naval operations in the Adriatic, allowed the French Navy to withdraw to either Malta or Bizerte, Tunisia, to cover the Otranto Barrage. Mirabeau was in Malta on 30 June when a torpedo exploded in a nearby warehouse. The ship was only lightly damaged, but two men of her crew were killed and eleven wounded.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212985_9
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Mirabeau
|
French battleship Mirabeau
|
In November 1916, she transported landing parties from the other ships of her division to Athens. On 1 December, those landing parties participated in the Allied attempt to ensure Greek acquiescence to Allied operations in Macedonia. Greek resistance to the Allied action ended after Mirabeau fired four rounds from her main armament into the city, one of which landed near the Royal Palace. Afterwards, she spent 1917 based at Corfu or at Mudros to prevent Goeben, by this time transferred to the Ottoman Empire and renamed Yavuz Sultan Selim, from breaking out into the Mediterranean. In August the ship tested a tethered balloon, but it was destroyed by a lightning strike on 31 October. In April 1918, Mirabeau accompanied her sisters and to Mudros, where they remained for the rest of the war. The 1st Naval Army was reorganized on 1 July and most of the Danton-class ships were assigned to the Second Squadron () with Mirabeau part of the First Division of the squadron.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212985_10
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Mirabeau
|
French battleship Mirabeau
|
After the Armistice of Mudros was signed on 30 October between the Allies and the Ottoman Empire, the ship participated in the early stage of the occupation of Constantinople beginning on 12 November. By 8 December Mirabeau was already deployed to the Black Sea to support White Russian forces in Sevastopol and deter Soviet forces who were advancing on the city during the Russian Civil War. Mirabeau ran aground during a snowstorm on 18 February 1919 off the Crimean coast. She could not be refloated until of weight were removed. To this end, her guns, turret armour, most of her boilers, coal, ammunition and the upper strake of belt armor was disembarked. After several weeks of effort, the ship was refloated on 6 April and she was towed by the and the tugboat Thernomore to a drydock in Sevastopol to repair any damage and to have her equipment reinstalled. This process began on 12 April, but Mirabeau was refloated three days later as news was received of the Red Army's advance on the city. Only her guns, ammunition and part of her armor had been replaced by the time the city was evacuated by the Allies on 5 May. She was towed to Constantinople by the battleship and five tugs where she remained from 7–15 May. Justice then resumed the tow and they reached Toulon on the 24th. After an inspection of the ship in a drydock, Mirabeau was stricken on 22 August and turned over as compensation to the company that salvaged the pre-dreadnought battleship . Her hulk was towed to Savona, Italy, to be scrapped on 28 April 1922.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212987_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Vergniaud
|
French battleship Vergniaud
|
Vergniaud was one of the six semi-dreadnought battleships built for the French Navy in the late 1800s. When World War I began in August 1914, she unsuccessfully searched for the German battlecruiser and the light cruiser in the Western Mediterranean and escorted convoys. Later that month, the ship participated in the Battle of Antivari in the Adriatic Sea and helped to sink an Austro-Hungarian protected cruiser. Vergniaud spent most of the rest of the war blockading the Straits of Otranto and the Dardanelles to prevent German, Austro-Hungarian and Turkish warships from breaking out into the Mediterranean.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212987_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Vergniaud
|
French battleship Vergniaud
|
She briefly participated in the occupation of Constantinople after the end of the war and was deployed in the Black Sea in early 1919 during the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War. The ship's crew mutinied after one of its members was killed when a protest against intervention against the Bolsheviks was bloodily suppressed. Vergniaud returned to France and was later placed in reserve after a brief deployment in the Eastern Mediterranean. She was condemned in 1921 and used as a target ship until 1926. The ship was sold for scrap two years later.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212987_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Vergniaud
|
French battleship Vergniaud
|
Although the s were a significant improvement from the preceding , they were outclassed by the advent of the dreadnought well before they were completed. This, combined with other poor traits, including the great weight in coal they had to carry, made them rather unsuccessful ships, though their numerous rapid-firing guns were of some use in the Mediterranean.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212987_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Vergniaud
|
French battleship Vergniaud
|
Vergniaud was long overall and had a beam of and a full-load draft of . She displaced at deep load and had a crew of 681 officers and enlisted men. The ship was powered by four Parsons steam turbines using steam generated by twenty-six Niclausse boilers. The turbines were rated at and provided a top speed of around . Vergniaud reached a top speed of on her sea trials. She carried a maximum of of coal which allowed her to steam for at a speed of .
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212987_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Vergniaud
|
French battleship Vergniaud
|
Vergniauds main battery consisted of four 305mm/45 Modèle 1906 guns mounted in two twin gun turrets, one forward and one aft. The secondary battery consisted of twelve 240mm/50 Modèle 1902 guns in twin turrets, three on each side of the ship. A number of smaller guns were carried for defense against torpedo boats. These included sixteen L/65 guns and ten Hotchkiss guns. The ship was also armed with two submerged torpedo tubes. The ship's waterline armor belt was thick and the main battery was protected by up to of armor. The conning tower also had 300 mm thick sides.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212987_5
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Vergniaud
|
French battleship Vergniaud
|
During the war 75 mm anti-aircraft guns were installed on the roofs of the ship's two forward 240 mm gun turrets. During 1918, the mainmast was shortened to allow the ship to fly a captive kite balloon and the elevation of the 240 mm guns was increased which extended their range to .
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212987_6
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Vergniaud
|
French battleship Vergniaud
|
Construction of Vergniaud was begun on 26 December 1906 by Forges et Chantiers de la Gironde in Bordeaux and the ship was laid down in November 1907. She was launched on 12 April 1909 and was completed on 18 December 1911 at cost of 55,247,307 francs. The ship was assigned to the First Division of the First Squadron (escadre) of the Mediterranean Fleet when she was commissioned. The ship participated in combined fleet maneuvers between Provence and Tunisia in May–June 1913 and the subsequent naval review conducted by the President of France, Raymond Poincaré on 7 June 1913. Afterwards, Vergniaud joined her squadron in its tour of the Eastern Mediterranean in October–December 1913 and participated in the grand fleet exercise in the Mediterranean in May 1914.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212987_7
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Vergniaud
|
French battleship Vergniaud
|
At the beginning of the war, the ship, together with her sister and the dreadnought , unsuccessfully searched for the German battlecruiser Goeben and the light cruiser Breslau in the Balearic Islands. She later escorted troop convoys from North Africa to France before she joined her sisters at Malta. On 16 August 1914 the combined Anglo-French Fleet under Admiral Auguste Boué de Lapeyrère, including Vergniaud, made a sweep of the Adriatic Sea. The Allied ships encountered the Austro-Hungarian cruiser , escorted by the destroyer , blockading the coast of Montenegro. There were too many ships for Zenta to escape, so she remained behind to allow Ulan to get away and was sunk by gunfire during the Battle of Antivari off the coast of Bar, Montenegro. Vergniaud was one of the ships that bombarded Cattaro on 1 September and blockaded the Strait of Otranto for the rest of the year and through August 1915. She was based at Malta and Bizerte until February 1916 when she sailed to Toulon.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212987_8
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Vergniaud
|
French battleship Vergniaud
|
Vergniaud was transferred to the Second Squadron on 27 March 1916 and resumed her former duties of blockading the Strait of Otranto from bases in Argostoli and Corfu for most of the rest of the war. The ship transferred some of her men to her sister that participated in the Allied attempt to ensure Greek acquiescence to Allied operations in Macedonia in Athens on 1 December 1916. The lieutenant in charge of her landing party was killed as were several other men during the incident. She was given a short refit at Toulon from 9 November 1917 to January 1918 and returned to Corfu. Vergniaud was transferred to Mudros in May to prevent Goeben from breaking out into the Mediterranean. A boiler burst on 14 September, killing four men and wounding nine others. After the Armistice of Mudros was signed on 30 October between the Allies and the Ottoman Empire, the ship participated in the early stage of the occupation of Constantinople. She returned to Toulon on 17 December for a short refit.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212987_9
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Vergniaud
|
French battleship Vergniaud
|
In early 1919, Vergniaud was among the ships stationed off Sevastopol as an Allied deterrent to Soviet forces who were encroaching on the city during the Russian civil war. Despite Allied support, the city's White Russian forces were in a seemingly hopeless position, and in April 1919 the French naval high command ordered the ships to evacuate. Rejecting this, the commander of the Second Squadron, Vice-Admiral (vice-amiral) Jean-Françoise-Charles Amet, attempted to have his forces intervene in the fighting, only to have a mutiny erupt on several of his ships. War-weary sailors demanded to return home and the ensuing standoff culminated in a mass shooting of sailor demonstrators. Fifteen people were wounded, but only one died, a sailor from Vergniaud. The battleship's crew had thus far remained neutral in the conflict but quickly joined the ranks of the most radical mutineers, unfurling red banners in support of the Bolshevik forces. The four-day stalemate ended in a victory for the sailors: the ships withdrew from the Black Sea and Vergniaud returned to France. The ship departed on 29 April, towing the merchant ship to Constantinople.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212987_10
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Vergniaud
|
French battleship Vergniaud
|
Vergniaud was based in Beirut from May to August 1919 to monitor Turkish activities off the coasts of Palestine, Lebanon and Syria. She arrived in Toulon on 6 September and was placed in special reserve on 1 October. This ship was later found to be in poor shape, decommissioned in June 1921 and condemned on 27 October. She was disarmed in 1922. Nine of her 240mm guns were installed as coastal defence batteries around the port city of Dakar, Senegal. Two of the guns and their barbettes were sited on the Île de Gorée; due to their prominence they have become known as the "Les canons de Navaronne" after the eponymous 1961 film The Guns of Navarone. In 1940, the port batteries forced an Allied fleet to withdraw from the Vichy French port during the Battle of Dakar.
|
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38
] |
20231101.en_13212987_11
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20battleship%20Vergniaud
|
French battleship Vergniaud
|
Vergniaud became a target ship and was used to evaluate the effects of poison gases and bombs until 1926. She was listed for disposal on 5 May 1927 and was sold for breaking up on 27 November 1928 for the price of 5,623,123 francs. A monument to the French mutineers of 1919 was erected by the Soviets in Sevastopol, at Morskaïa Square where Vergniauds sailor was killed.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212997_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puea%20Pandin%20Party
|
Puea Pandin Party
|
Puea Pandin Party () is a Thai political party founded on September 11, 2007, by more than 200 politicians. Its most notable members included Thaksin's former foreign minister Surakiart Sathirathai, Suranand Vejjajiva and Preecha Laohaphongchana.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212997_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puea%20Pandin%20Party
|
Puea Pandin Party
|
Puea Pandin presented itself as a compromise party, a neutral and moderate alternative to the two main rivals, the Democrat Party and the People's Power Party (PPP). It included both former allies and opponents of deposed prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra and his outlawed Thai Rak Thai Party (TRT). Suwit Khunkitti and Watchara Punnachet were elected party leader and party secretary general respectively. The party appointed Vatana Asavahame as the party chairman, and Police General Pracha Promnok as party chief adviser. General Pallop Pinmanee, adviser to the Internal Security Command Operation, accepted to become adviser to the party, overseeing security.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212997_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puea%20Pandin%20Party
|
Puea Pandin Party
|
At the party's first caucus, Puea Pandin leader Suwit Khunkitti vowed to win more than 60 seats in Parliament and promised to implement nine policies to improve the state of the Thai economy. By 28 October 2007, the party had formed its finance and tourism team in the form of the party's Academic Council, chaired by former Deputy Prime Minister, Surakiart Sathirathai. Members included former Governor of the Bank of Thailand Vijit Supinich, former Secretary to the Ministry of Finance Supachai Pisitvanit, former Secretary to the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Bunpod Hongthong and Finance specialists Vichien Techapaiboon and Nithit Pukkanasud. Although Surakiart Sathirathai was one of 111 TRT executives banned from politics for five years, he said that the party's Academic Council only provides policy guidelines and is not part of the political party. The tourism team was led by former Tourism Authority of Thailand Governor Juthamas Siriwan and former senators Suradej Yasawat and Jirayu Vasurut. All three were also deputy party leaders. Their main policy was to make Thailand a hub for tourism with expected earnings of 1.33 trillion baht in 2011.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212997_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puea%20Pandin%20Party
|
Puea Pandin Party
|
Three days before the 2007 general election, deputy party leader Juthamas Siriwan resigned from the party amidst a bribery scandal stemming from her tenure as governor of the Tourism Authority of Thailand and president of the Bangkok International Film Festival.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212997_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puea%20Pandin%20Party
|
Puea Pandin Party
|
In the election, the party won 24 seats in parliament: seven party-list candidates and 17 constituency candidates. Most of them were elected in districts in the Northeastern Region (Isan), especially in the provinces of Nakhon Ratchasima and Surin. The party became a junior partner in the government coalition led by Samak Sundaravej and his PPP. Its representation increased to 32 seats after the Constitutional Court dissolved the PPP in the 2008 political crisis and its members defected to other parties. Puea Pandin then changed its allegiance and helped to elect Abhisit Vejjajiva of the Democrat Party prime minister.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212997_5
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puea%20Pandin%20Party
|
Puea Pandin Party
|
Many Puea Pandin's members of parliament defected to other parties ahead of the election in 2011, hoping to increase their chances of being re-elected. By the end of the 2007-2011 term, 12 of the 32 Puea Pandin MPs had joined the Bhumjaithai Party, three had defected to Pheu Thai, two to the Democrats, two to Chartthaipattana, and one each to Matubhum and Tankun Pandin. The remaining nine representatives joined forces with their Chart Pattana Party colleagues, running under the new Chart Pattana Puea Pandin Party and winning 7 of 500 seats.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13212997_6
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puea%20Pandin%20Party
|
Puea Pandin Party
|
After conflicts between the two parties, Puea Pandin returned to contest the 2014 general election on its own, but the election was declared invalid by the Constitutional Court. In the following 2019 general election, the party failed to gain seats.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213006_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%20Pihl
|
Anna Pihl
|
Anna Pihl is a Danish police drama produced by TV2. The series stars Charlotte Munck (Kongekabale) as the title character Anna Pihl, Peter Mygind, and Iben Hjejle (High Fidelity and Blinkende Lygter) as Mikala. Three seasons have been produced between 2006 and 2008, each having 10 episodes.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213006_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%20Pihl
|
Anna Pihl
|
The show follows the work and personal life of Anna Pihl, a policewoman at the Bellahøj police station in Copenhagen. She is divorced, and lives with her son, Mikkel, in a flat shared with Jan, her gay male friend. The show focuses on personal stories and realism: although it has action and suspense, it comes second to more realistic material.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213006_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%20Pihl
|
Anna Pihl
|
Besides Denmark, the series has been broadcast in Iceland, Sweden, Norway and Finland. In Germany, the show was cancelled due to low ratings after the first nine episodes of season 1. A late night re-run started in September 2008. Season one aired in Estonia and in Australia on SBS One. In United States, Latin America and Portugal, Anna Pihl airs on Eurochannel.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213006_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%20Pihl
|
Anna Pihl
|
The theme song for season 1 was "Crosshair" by Blue Foundation, while the theme song for seasons 2 and 3 was "In the End I Started" by Swedish singer Maria Marcus and Dane Niels Brinck.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213007_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opel%20Flextreme
|
Opel Flextreme
|
The Opel Flextreme is a diesel plug-in hybrid concept small family hatchback created by Opel in 2008. The Opel Flextreme shares the same GM E-Flex platform as the Chevrolet Volt (front engine, four door).
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213007_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opel%20Flextreme
|
Opel Flextreme
|
It is based on the same GM E-Flex series hybrid platform used in the Chevrolet Volt, but using a diesel rather than gasoline engine. It can travel on its lithium-ion battery before a small diesel engine starts charging the battery.
|
[
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] |
20231101.en_13213007_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opel%20Flextreme
|
Opel Flextreme
|
In January 2008, a rebadged version of the concept was introduced at the North American International Auto Show as the Saturn Flextreme.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213007_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opel%20Flextreme
|
Opel Flextreme
|
The Opel Flextreme is expected to emit 40 grams of CO2 per km or less (according to European test procedure ECE R101 for range extender vehicles). It is expected to reach approximately .
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213014_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karukaputhur
|
Karukaputhur
|
Karukaputhur also spell as Karukaputhoor, is a place on the Pattambi taluk, Palakkad district of Kerala. This area part of the Thrithala legislative assembly and Thirumittacode Panchayath. It is a fast growing semi-urban centre in the eastern part of Palakkad district which is nearer to Thrissur town than Palakkad town.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213014_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karukaputhur
|
Karukaputhur
|
Private buses are the main mode of mass transportation in Karukaputhur. Private bus operators ply their buses through this point to Pattambi and Nelluvay. The other major semi urban centers near Karukaputhur are Kootanad and Challissery. Karukaputhur is also the nodal point for transportation for Pattambi towards the North, Shoranur, Nelluvay towards the East, Peringode, Chalissery towards the West and the border villages of Trissur district. Its proximity to Trissur district is one of the important factors of this small towns booming growth in recent years.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213014_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karukaputhur
|
Karukaputhur
|
Karukaputhur Ekadasi festival is observed annually in Makaram month at the Karukaputhur Sree Narasimha Moorthy Temple. The shrine is located at Karukaputhur in Palakkad District. The temple is around 12 km from Pattambi. Karukaputhur Sree Narasimha Moorthy Temple Ekadasi 2018 date is January 28.This ancient shrine is dedicated to the Narasimha Avatar of Vishnu.The Ekadasi is observed on the Shukla Paksha Ekadasi day in Makaram month.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213014_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karukaputhur
|
Karukaputhur
|
Special rituals are observed on the day in this ancient shrine. The temple is decorated traditionally with flowers, leaves, coconut fronds, banana leaves and plantain. The ekadasi is observed after the Amavasya in Makaram month. (Shukla Paksha Ekadasi in Makaram month).
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213014_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karukaputhur
|
Karukaputhur
|
The famous Karukaputhur Nercha is observed during February of every year. This is also called Karukaputhur Odambulli Jaram Chandanakudam Nercha. This is one of the oldest nercha festivals that occur in Kerala and is of almost 120 years old.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213039_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20cruiser%20Ernest%20Renan
|
French cruiser Ernest Renan
|
Ernest Renan was an armored cruiser built for the French Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. At the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, she participated in the hunt for the German battlecruiser and then joined the blockade of the Austro-Hungarian Navy in the Adriatic. She took part in the Battle of Antivari later in August, and the seizure of Corfu in January 1916, but saw no further action during the war. After the war, the British and French intervened in the Russian Civil War; this included a major naval deployment to the Black Sea, which included Ernest Renan. She served as a training ship in the late 1920s before she was sunk as a target ship in the 1930s.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213039_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20cruiser%20Ernest%20Renan
|
French cruiser Ernest Renan
|
Ernest Renan was intended to be a member of the , but naval architect Emile Bertin repeatedly tinkered with the design and decided to lengthen the ship in an attempt to increase her speed. She measured overall, with a beam of . Ernest Renan had a draft of and displaced . Her crew numbered either 750 or 824 officers and enlisted men.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213039_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20cruiser%20Ernest%20Renan
|
French cruiser Ernest Renan
|
The ship had three propeller shafts, each powered by a single vertical triple-expansion steam engine. They were rated at a total of using steam provided by 42 Niclausse boilers. The boilers were grouped into two sets of boiler rooms that were separated by the amidships gun turrets and their magazines. They exhausted into six funnels, which were grouped in two widely spaced sets of three. Ernest Renan had a designed speed of , but reached from during her sea trials. She initially carried up to of coal, although this was later reduced to , which gave her a range of at a speed of .
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213039_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20cruiser%20Ernest%20Renan
|
French cruiser Ernest Renan
|
Ernest Renans main armament consisted of four 50-caliber Canon de 194 mm Modèle 1902 guns mounted in twin gun turrets fore and aft. Her secondary armament was twelve 45-caliber Canon de 164 mm Modèle 1893-96 guns. Eight of these were in single turrets on the forecastle deck and the other four were in casemates. For anti-torpedo boat defence she carried sixteen guns and eight Hotchkiss guns. She was also armed with two submerged torpedo tubes. During World War I, some of her lighter guns were replaced by anti-aircraft guns, but details are lacking.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213039_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20cruiser%20Ernest%20Renan
|
French cruiser Ernest Renan
|
The waterline armored belt of Ernest Renan was thick amidships and extended from below the waterline to above it. The armor thinned to forward of the foremast and aft of the mainmast. It did not extend all the way to the stern and terminated in a bulkhead. The upper strake of armor was thick and extended to the upper deck. The curved protective deck had a thickness of along its centerline that increased to at its outer edges and over the rudder. A watertight internal cofferdam, filled with cellulose, ran the length of the ship between the upper and main decks.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213039_5
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20cruiser%20Ernest%20Renan
|
French cruiser Ernest Renan
|
The main gun turrets had thick sides and roofs and the intermediate turrets were protected by sides and had roofs. The supports for the turrets ranged from in thickness for the main turrets and for the intermediate turrets. The conning tower was 203 mm thick.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213039_6
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20cruiser%20Ernest%20Renan
|
French cruiser Ernest Renan
|
Ernest Renan, named after the philosopher and philologist Ernest Renan, was built at the Chantiers de Penhoët shipyard in Saint-Nazaire. Her keel was laid down on 21 October 1903 and she was launched on 9 April 1906. Fitting-out work was completed by early 1909, and she was commissioned into the French Navy in February. After entering service, Ernest Renan was assigned to the cruiser squadron of the Mediterranean Fleet, based in Toulon. In April 1912, she was assigned to the 1st Light Squadron, along with the two s.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213039_7
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20cruiser%20Ernest%20Renan
|
French cruiser Ernest Renan
|
At the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, Ernest Renan and the armored cruisers and were mobilized as the First Light Division and tasked with hunting down the German battlecruiser and the light cruiser . These ships, along with a flotilla of twelve destroyers, was to steam to Philippeville on 4 August, but the German ships had bombarded the port the previous day. This attack, coupled with reports that suggested the Germans would try to break out of the Mediterranean into the Atlantic, prompted the French high command to send Ernest Renan and the First Light Division further west, to Algiers in an attempt to block the Germans.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213039_8
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20cruiser%20Ernest%20Renan
|
French cruiser Ernest Renan
|
After the German ships escaped to Constantinople, rather than attack the French troop transports from North Africa as had been expected, the French turned to address the next naval threat: the Austro-Hungarian Navy in the Adriatic Sea. Ernest Renan joined the rest of the French fleet in its blockade of the Adriatic Sea. The fleet, commanded by Admiral Augustin Boué de Lapeyrère, had assembled by the night of 15 August; the following morning, it conducted a sweep into the Adriatic and encountered the Austro-Hungarian cruiser . In the ensuing Battle of Antivari, Zenta was sunk, with no losses on the French side. The French fleet then withdrew due to the threat of Austro-Hungarian U-boats in the area.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213039_9
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20cruiser%20Ernest%20Renan
|
French cruiser Ernest Renan
|
On 8 January 1916, Ernest Renan, Edgar Quinet, and embarked a contingent of Chasseurs Alpins (mountain troops) to seize the Greek island of Corfu. The cruisers sent the troops ashore on the night of 10 January; the Greek officials on the island protested the move but offered no resistance. On 22 December, Ernest Renan collided with an Italian steamer, several passengers of which drowned in the accident. Ernest Renan spent the rest of the war in the Mediterranean and did not see further action.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213039_10
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20cruiser%20Ernest%20Renan
|
French cruiser Ernest Renan
|
Shortly after the end of the war, British and French warships began to operate in the Black Sea in what became a large-scale intervention in the Russian Civil War against the Bolsheviks. Ernest Renan was among the first Allied warships to enter the area; she arrived in Novorossiysk with the British light cruiser and two torpedo boats on 23 November 1918. On 18 March 1921, the leadership of the Democratic Republic of Georgia was evacuated on board Ernest Renan to France after the Red Army invasion of Georgia.
|
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25
] |
20231101.en_13213039_11
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20cruiser%20Ernest%20Renan
|
French cruiser Ernest Renan
|
After returning to France, the ship's mainmast was removed to allow her to tow a balloon and anti-aircraft guns were installed on the roofs of the after 164 mm gun turrets. Ernest Renan finished her active career as a gunnery training ship from 1927 to 1929, after which she was stricken from the naval register. During her tenure in the gunnery school, she was commanded by Émile Muselier, who went on to serve as the commander of the Free French Naval Forces during World War II. In 1931, the old cruiser was expended as a target ship for aircraft and naval gunners.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213055_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss%20Finland%20%28horse%29
|
Miss Finland (horse)
|
Miss Finland is a champion Australian Thoroughbred racehorse. She is a bay mare sired by Redoute's Choice out of Forest Pearl, who was a daughter of The Oaks winner Moonshell.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213055_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss%20Finland%20%28horse%29
|
Miss Finland (horse)
|
Miss Finland was trained by top South Australian trainer David Hayes. At the age of two years, she won the AAMI Golden Slipper, the world's richest juvenile race, which is run over 1,200 metres, and ran second in the Blue Diamond Stakes. As a three-year-old, her stellar form continued, which saw her win the Crown VRC Oaks, run over 2,500 metres at Flemington during the Melbourne Cup Carnival, as well as further Group One wins in the Thousand Guineas, Australian Guineas and Arrowfield Stud Stakes. She resumed as a four-year-old with a win in the Memsie Stakes, which was to be her only win in nine starts that season before retirement.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213055_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss%20Finland%20%28horse%29
|
Miss Finland (horse)
|
She comes from the Northern Dancer sire line and has a double cross of him in the fourth generation of her pedigree.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213056_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden%20Shopping%20Centre
|
Eden Shopping Centre
|
The Eden Shopping Centre, commonly known as Eden, is a shopping and entertainment complex in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire in the south east of England. With a floor area of , it is the 37th largest shopping centre in the United Kingdom and the largest in the surrounding area.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213056_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden%20Shopping%20Centre
|
Eden Shopping Centre
|
The centre has 107 shops, a bowling alley, a cinema, a library (which opened on 3 June 2008), 48 residential flats and parking for 1,600 cars on site with other car parks available nearby. The complex includes a bus station which opened in July 2006 followed by the shopping centre on 13 March 2008.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213056_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden%20Shopping%20Centre
|
Eden Shopping Centre
|
Construction of the centre formed a key part of the major regeneration of High Wycombe in a bid to transform the town into a regional shopping destination. Eden attracted one million visitors within two weeks of opening and regularly attracts over 350,000 visitors per week.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213056_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden%20Shopping%20Centre
|
Eden Shopping Centre
|
Eden formed part of a multi-million programme of investment to transform the town. In 1991, the area later occupied by Eden was known as 'the western desert', and Wycombe District Council placed improving it as a top priority.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213056_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden%20Shopping%20Centre
|
Eden Shopping Centre
|
Before the construction of Eden, the town centre of High Wycombe contained two shopping centres, the Octagon Centre and the Chilterns Shopping Centre. The Octagon, officially opened by Katharine, Duchess of Kent on 6 October 1970, had become dated and was incorporated into the redevelopment. High Wycombe has a population of 120,257 people and the town centre was not much of an attraction, with shops spread out over a large area. Moreover, the town was seen as being overshadowed by nearby towns with larger shopping centres, such as the Queensmere Observatory (Slough), King Edward Court (Windsor), the Oracle (Reading), the Chimes (Uxbridge), Harlequin Shopping Centre (Watford) and Central Milton Keynes Shopping Centre (Milton Keynes).
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213056_5
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden%20Shopping%20Centre
|
Eden Shopping Centre
|
A new shopping centre was agreed to rejuvenate the town. The development was known as Western Sector, Project Phoenix and TCR (town centre redevelopment), until the name "Eden" was announced at the annual meeting of Wycombe District Council on 9 May 2005. This name was recommended by marketing consultants DS Emotion, who had been appointed to choose an appropriate name for the development. Letters written to local newspaper Bucks Free Press revealed a mixed reaction to the name: some readers felt that it was unrelated to local culture and not inclusive for High Wycombe's ethnic community, but others approved of the name and remarked on the sense of calm it evoked.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213056_6
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden%20Shopping%20Centre
|
Eden Shopping Centre
|
The new shopping centre would include a new bus station, library, cinema, bowling alley and 48 residential flats.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213056_7
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden%20Shopping%20Centre
|
Eden Shopping Centre
|
The bid for the contract was won by Stannifer, the construction arm of Multiplex UK. Despite some initial uncertainty when it emerged that Multiplex UK was in financial difficulties related to its rebuilding project at Wembley Stadium, the construction work began in September 2005. Construction was scheduled to begin on 5 September, but there was a delay due to incomplete paperwork, and building work began properly on 30 September. Demolition work started in August, beginning with the Iceland supermarket.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213056_8
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden%20Shopping%20Centre
|
Eden Shopping Centre
|
The site for the new complex was to be just south of Oxford Road, a dual carriageway section of the A40 on two flat car parks. The centre would also extend over the site of the old bus station and combine the existing Octagon Centre, which would be merged into the new centre.
|
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20231101.en_13213056_9
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden%20Shopping%20Centre
|
Eden Shopping Centre
|
The Tesco store remained in position throughout, after the company challenged a compulsory purchase order made by Wycombe District Council in 1997 that had been confirmed by the then Secretary of State for the Environment, Transport and the Regions, John Prescott. The result was that the new centre was built around it.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213056_10
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden%20Shopping%20Centre
|
Eden Shopping Centre
|
Construction of the new shopping centre began in October 2005 and was to take about two and a half years. While Eden was being built, the fencing around the site contained 'vision holes' so that visitors could see the progress being made. Car parking in the town was affected by the works, as Bridge Street car park was closed. Some roads were also closed or partly closed.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213056_11
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden%20Shopping%20Centre
|
Eden Shopping Centre
|
A new multi-storey car park was built to connect with the existing Newlands Car Park which was refurbished. The old bus station which had been viewed as dangerous at night due to poor lighting was replaced by a new 18-bay station with direct access to the shops. This opened in July 2006.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213056_12
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden%20Shopping%20Centre
|
Eden Shopping Centre
|
In November 2007, a time capsule was buried underneath the public square of the shopping centre. Various items were placed in the capsule, which is not expected to be dug up for fifty years.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213056_13
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden%20Shopping%20Centre
|
Eden Shopping Centre
|
Eden officially opened on 13 March 2008. Free rides on a large ferris wheel named the Wycombe Eye and carnival style celebrations were major parts of the opening ceremony.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213056_14
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden%20Shopping%20Centre
|
Eden Shopping Centre
|
The actual opening ceremony involved a lone musician beginning in the high street, walking towards the new complex where he was joined by more musicians and dancers.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213056_15
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden%20Shopping%20Centre
|
Eden Shopping Centre
|
The opening ceremony was meant to represent the town's ethnic minorities and included lightly dressed dancers. Wycombe Islamic Society criticised the dress of some performers as being inappropriate.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213056_16
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden%20Shopping%20Centre
|
Eden Shopping Centre
|
The entertainment complex and library were officially opened on 9 July 2008 by Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, who unveiled a plaque in the library.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213056_17
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden%20Shopping%20Centre
|
Eden Shopping Centre
|
Local newspaper the Bucks Free Press received many complaints about the design of the shopping centre, especially the fact that there is not a proper roof, resulting in the centre being compared to a 'wind tunnel'. This is disputable, as the designers had to work their way around the existing Tesco. However general response to the centre was positive, with the centre remaining very busy as of December 2021.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213056_18
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden%20Shopping%20Centre
|
Eden Shopping Centre
|
The shopping centre contains 107 shops, of which 54 were new to the town and 53 resited from elsewhere in the town. Currently, the largest store in use in the centre is the two story Marks & Spencer, which moved to Eden from the Chilterns Shopping Centre. The largest unit is the four storey unit previously occupied by House of Fraser until its closure on 12 January 2023. A Primark store is planned to occupy the first floor in early 2024. The complex has eleven restaurants and cafés. Additionally, the centre contains a 12-screen Cineworld cinema, a 22-lane Hollywood Bowl alley, a 58,000-book library, up from 45,000 books held at the old library. The library features step-free access.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213056_19
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden%20Shopping%20Centre
|
Eden Shopping Centre
|
Eden features a car park with 1,500 spaces and 48 residential apartments on the south side of the centre.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213056_20
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden%20Shopping%20Centre
|
Eden Shopping Centre
|
A park and ride operates between High Wycombe Bus Station (adjoining the Eden Centre) and High Wycombe Coachway (part of the Handy Cross Hub) near junction 4 of the M40 motorway, which also serves the railway station and the hospital. The service began on 5 September 2005 and operates every 20-30 minutes during the day.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213056_21
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden%20Shopping%20Centre
|
Eden Shopping Centre
|
High Wycombe railway station, located near the High Street, is operated by Chiltern Railways with services to London Marylebone, Aylesbury and Birmingham Moor Street.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213056_22
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden%20Shopping%20Centre
|
Eden Shopping Centre
|
The Eden project formed part of a larger plan of regeneration, which resulted in other developments, including the development of a new enlarged Sainsbury's store facing onto Oxford Road.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213056_23
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden%20Shopping%20Centre
|
Eden Shopping Centre
|
In 2009, property consultants Colliers CRE conducted a survey of 15 towns and cities across the UK, which revealed that in October 2008 High Wycombe had the highest proportion of empty retail units, at 23.6 per cent. This was attributed to the joint impact of the recession and the opening of Eden, which had drawn many major retailers and shoppers out of other areas of the town.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213056_24
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden%20Shopping%20Centre
|
Eden Shopping Centre
|
The town centre of High Wycombe has gradually been moving west and the High Street is no longer the place for high-brand shops though it retains WHSmith, Boots and a McDonald's, amongst others so is still used by shoppers. The High Street and nearby streets are notable for containing the main banks like HSBC, TSB Bank, Metro Bank, Halifax and Barclays and it leads the way to the railway station. Supermarket Iceland, who was forced to leave their former site on Desborough Road in 2005 as part of the Eden shopping centre redevelopment, re-opened on the High Street in 2010, occupying the space that previously housed Woolworths.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213056_25
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden%20Shopping%20Centre
|
Eden Shopping Centre
|
The Chilterns' Shopping Centre was opened in the 1980s and is located only a short distance from Eden. With the opening of the Eden Centre, there was fear that business would be pulled away from the Chilterns', as shops such as Marks & Spencer and Wallis moved to Eden. However, the managers of the centre were more optimistic. In October 2004 it was announced that a major store would replace the Marks and Spencer, which was confirmed in February 2008 to be Primark. The new store opened on 1 October 2008.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213056_26
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden%20Shopping%20Centre
|
Eden Shopping Centre
|
Despite the earlier optimisim, the centre began to empty gradually, with upper housing areas purchased by Buckinghamshire New University to convert into student accommodation. By December 2017, only five or so units occupied the twenty-nine unit site. The site was purchased by Dandara Homes in December 2017, and in May 2018, it was confirmed that Dandara would transform the centre into flats. In March 2019, Dandara Homes confirmed that they were still interested in converting it into flats, and were looking to work alongside the council to help improve the wider Frogmoor area. The remaining businesses in the centre were subsequently informed in late 2022 that their tenancies would expire in January 2024.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13213056_27
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden%20Shopping%20Centre
|
Eden Shopping Centre
|
The large out-of-town John Lewis near the M40 on Holmers Farm Way received some initial competition from Eden, especially House of Fraser, but store bosses were confident that John Lewis' reputation would enable it to retain customers.
|
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