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20231101.en_13214501_6
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertfordshire%20Showband
|
Hertfordshire Showband
|
As with most marching bands, the band wears a uniform for parades and Marching Band displays. They were a military-esk jacket of bright blue (hence the previous name of the band) with gold braiding, black trousers with a red stripe and a white parade hat with red plume.
|
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20231101.en_13214501_7
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertfordshire%20Showband
|
Hertfordshire Showband
|
They have a new colour scheme with the introduction of the new name that is based on a black with either gold or silver writing and a new stylised logo featuring a treble clef integrated with Hertfordshire's Hart icon.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214501_8
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertfordshire%20Showband
|
Hertfordshire Showband
|
They now wear black T-shirts and band jackets when not on parade, but currently retain the blue uniform for marching performances.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214503_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna%20gain-to-noise-temperature
|
Antenna gain-to-noise-temperature
|
Antenna gain-to-noise-temperature (G/T) is a figure of merit in the characterization of antenna performance, where G is the antenna gain in decibels at the receive frequency, and T is the equivalent noise temperature of the receiving system in kelvins. The receiving system noise temperature is the summation of the antenna noise temperature and the RF chain noise temperature from the antenna terminals to the receiver output.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214503_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna%20gain-to-noise-temperature
|
Antenna gain-to-noise-temperature
|
Antenna temperature (Tant) is a parameter that describes how much noise an antenna produces in a given environment. Antenna noise temperature is not the physical temperature of the antenna but rather an expression of the available noise power at the antenna flange. Moreover, an antenna does not have an intrinsic "antenna temperature" associated with it; rather the temperature depends on its gain pattern and the thermal environment that it is placed in. Antenna temperature is also sometimes referred to as Antenna Noise Temperature.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214503_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna%20gain-to-noise-temperature
|
Antenna gain-to-noise-temperature
|
To define the environment, we'll introduce a temperature distribution - this is the temperature in every direction away from the antenna in spherical coordinates. For instance, the night sky is roughly ; the value of the temperature pattern in the direction of the Earth's ground is the physical temperature of the Earth's ground. This temperature distribution will be written as TS(θ, φ). Hence, an antenna's temperature will vary depending on whether it is directional and pointed into space or staring into the sun.
|
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18,
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33,
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48,
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32,
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29,
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5,
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22,
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26,
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21,
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29,
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17,
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24,
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53,
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39,
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44,
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42,
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20,
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26,
26,
48,
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39,
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18,
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30,
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13,
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23,
17,
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18,
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28,
17,
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43,
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22,
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62,
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23,
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24,
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8,
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35,
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-21,
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35,
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44,
17,
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12,
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10,
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2,
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42,
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46,
33,
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21,
4,
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13,
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27,
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0,
0,
9,
21,
-3,
-39,
-6,
59,
13,
-27,
-7,
23,
7,
-39,
10,
-8,
-42,
-32,
0,
1,
-32,
-24,
-24,
-19,
22,
-5,
6,
29,
-10,
-16,
1,
-17,
-20,
21,
37,
3,
-2,
-38
] |
20231101.en_13214503_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna%20gain-to-noise-temperature
|
Antenna gain-to-noise-temperature
|
For an antenna with a radiation pattern given by G(θ, φ), the noise temperature is mathematically defined as:
|
[
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19,
19,
4,
19,
25,
1,
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42,
48,
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32,
51,
19,
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14,
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29,
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14,
42,
21,
17,
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0,
3,
-4,
10,
32,
1,
-1,
-36,
8,
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72,
58,
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30,
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38,
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25,
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7,
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51,
55,
43,
44,
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29,
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34,
37,
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23,
1,
6,
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44,
3,
33,
36,
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26,
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26,
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23,
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4,
3,
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29,
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26,
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6,
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18,
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21,
34,
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43,
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21,
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4,
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4,
15,
29,
35,
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21,
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0,
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22,
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8,
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1,
18,
17,
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78,
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37,
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51,
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24,
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28,
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36,
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23,
23,
3,
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26,
6,
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22,
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61,
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34,
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1,
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1,
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32,
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42,
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-31,
16,
1,
39,
-8,
31,
-53,
-24,
16,
23,
12,
-3,
-8,
23,
20,
3,
-3,
2,
43,
7,
-5,
-24,
6,
22,
27,
-23,
-16,
-44,
1,
27,
22,
51,
9,
62,
-55,
-3,
-47,
-31,
3,
17,
2,
-23,
29,
19,
-26,
1,
-55,
-2,
-18,
-7,
22,
18,
-23,
-5,
-3,
10,
-21,
47,
-11,
-33,
-28,
42,
6,
7,
19,
-18,
7,
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-33,
33,
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-41,
19,
-42,
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37,
61,
16,
14,
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-42,
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29,
-37,
27,
-10,
22,
17,
28,
3,
40,
-40,
-27,
51,
27,
-35,
-23,
7,
8,
-22,
-1,
-8,
-23,
-38,
0,
-5,
-53,
-51,
-25,
-20,
-2,
14,
6,
31,
8,
-20,
8,
-33,
27,
11,
21,
49,
-26,
-22
] |
20231101.en_13214503_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna%20gain-to-noise-temperature
|
Antenna gain-to-noise-temperature
|
This states that the temperature surrounding the antenna is integrated over the entire sphere, and weighted by the antenna's radiation pattern. Hence, an isotropic antenna would have a noise temperature that is the average of all temperatures around the antenna; for a perfectly directional antenna (with a pencil beam), the antenna temperature will only depend on the temperature in which the antenna is "looking".
|
[
-21,
38,
-24,
-37,
23,
11,
0,
1,
-20,
49,
34,
32,
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-27,
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9,
-6,
9,
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18,
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9,
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13,
4,
-4,
5,
40,
6,
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19,
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22,
12,
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12,
23,
34,
1,
8,
18,
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1,
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7,
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23,
46,
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7,
5,
3,
45,
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17,
12,
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9,
25,
7,
26,
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29,
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14,
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29,
33,
28,
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7,
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47,
21,
9,
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4,
10,
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-19,
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7,
42,
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16,
7,
19,
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7,
8,
11,
-3,
10,
5,
1,
55,
10,
39,
14,
7,
29,
3,
-2,
-8,
-32,
5,
13,
32,
-2,
9,
21,
-30,
24,
3,
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13,
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31,
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6,
-33,
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9,
17,
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25,
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17,
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25,
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16,
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8,
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14,
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32,
3,
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22,
-14,
4,
3,
27,
18,
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6,
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29,
1,
8,
18,
-2,
23,
14,
1,
5,
3,
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27,
28,
-5,
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-5,
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30,
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12,
10,
-32,
-13,
-10,
47,
-11,
14,
11,
-9,
13,
15,
7,
-15,
35,
17,
16,
-24,
-31,
2,
47,
6,
-39,
19,
-3,
-38,
36,
-8,
19,
27,
-1,
4,
-9,
17,
27,
-13,
-15,
23,
-9,
1,
-32,
5,
11,
51,
40,
-11,
-10,
-42,
-54,
40,
-11,
-23,
-10,
-3,
2,
16,
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22,
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11,
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11,
-20,
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7,
-13,
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24,
17,
17,
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48,
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10,
23,
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46,
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6,
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13,
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19,
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62,
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-6,
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39,
1,
1,
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15,
22,
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36,
-24,
27,
20,
26,
-8,
2,
-51,
35,
31,
3,
11,
-22,
-23,
-48,
-6,
17,
1,
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2,
-1,
14,
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2,
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-8,
49,
-6,
62,
27,
49,
49,
-34,
-8,
-16,
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6,
-15,
-22,
-15,
-22,
22,
-2,
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2,
0,
12,
20,
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30,
39,
-26,
5,
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-25,
-14,
10,
-47,
-13,
18,
-5,
13,
11,
-25,
-23,
75,
10,
10,
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-29,
9,
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18,
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24,
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15,
21,
3,
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29,
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17,
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43,
26,
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37,
3,
28,
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7,
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52,
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29,
21,
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12,
13,
-7,
-5,
-27,
-41,
-2,
23,
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-8,
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-22,
-26,
6,
17,
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3,
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13,
10,
6,
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-74,
-6,
-11,
22,
-28,
3,
-11,
-13,
26,
10,
-6,
-11,
30,
-11,
-25,
-35,
-1,
22,
-5,
-22,
-21,
-40,
-6,
18,
31,
-6,
65,
-44,
-25,
3,
1,
-26,
-22,
-13,
-1,
3,
25,
7,
6,
-31,
15,
-32,
9,
1,
-2,
42,
-14,
-21,
-16,
-39,
7,
4,
11,
-27,
54,
-25,
29,
8,
-6,
-13,
-35,
4,
44,
5,
20,
-55,
-8,
-31,
-48,
-5,
-3,
4,
-11,
-32,
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5,
-7,
14,
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5,
19,
43,
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59,
34,
27,
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21,
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11,
-14,
-29,
13,
15,
-22,
-35,
29,
10,
-3,
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23,
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10,
-8,
-7,
23,
27,
25,
-29,
46,
21,
0,
-9,
29,
8,
64,
13,
36,
-23,
1,
32,
16,
12,
-17,
-24,
10,
-27,
-8,
-46,
29,
-13,
-7,
-3,
20,
-14,
15,
18,
-54,
9,
12,
49,
0,
-12,
10,
9,
-27,
9,
-48,
-9,
-21,
12,
-49,
-2,
13,
-12,
-18,
-33,
-26,
0,
24,
50,
11,
-15,
3,
5,
-8,
23,
-7,
-14,
14,
24,
-11,
-5,
-25,
-45,
-43,
38,
-17,
-36,
5,
7,
-3,
-10,
-5,
20,
-8,
2,
-33,
38,
8,
-49,
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23,
30,
7,
-5,
19,
-10,
-9,
3,
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2,
-5,
-39,
-14,
-6,
38,
2,
11,
-55,
-18,
43,
13,
-11,
9,
-23,
-12,
-16,
-22,
16,
16,
1,
-66,
-11,
6,
1,
-7,
-30,
19,
-14,
-13,
51,
-11,
-4,
-39,
-16,
6,
-18,
13,
-21,
-3,
20,
18,
-43,
18,
-3,
8,
22,
25,
-20,
68,
-36,
21,
-74,
-7,
-48,
10,
-40,
44,
-5,
28,
28,
-13,
-12,
51,
-27,
-5,
10,
31,
34,
22,
11,
-25,
-4,
19,
-37,
-48,
-8,
17,
-15,
-19,
20,
-14,
9,
38,
-37,
-23,
4,
15,
-21,
49,
-42,
1,
2,
15,
-2,
-7,
16,
30,
-19,
26,
-10,
27,
5,
22,
-27,
-15,
-34,
21,
16,
-16,
-23,
17,
-40,
51,
5,
32,
10,
16,
-11,
24,
-22,
-22,
-21,
19,
32,
-1,
-22,
-30,
-7,
22,
-37,
-8,
-10,
-34,
-2,
-28,
26,
-8,
-32,
-7,
5,
-14,
49,
46,
-34,
6,
-56,
-16,
-23,
25,
7,
0,
-7,
14,
-37,
-12,
5,
48,
13,
33,
-15,
7,
-18,
-13,
-3,
-42,
43,
17,
18,
-17,
19,
21,
28,
-7,
-5,
9,
-12,
48,
-39,
6,
-3,
24,
27,
15,
24,
17,
10,
-14,
-11,
12,
39,
11,
-4,
-15,
50,
-15,
-14,
-26,
-29,
29,
-55,
-24,
47,
19,
14,
21,
-20,
3,
50,
40,
21,
-16,
-2,
-27,
5,
19,
10,
42,
-1,
28,
-62,
-61,
1,
8,
3,
4,
17,
-35,
31,
-27,
-7,
20,
16,
2,
-10,
22,
-18,
-48,
24,
35,
21,
-13,
-3,
-23,
21,
30,
7,
30,
0,
-12,
-23,
-54,
9,
-4,
38,
-48,
33,
-20,
-1,
6,
-10,
6,
4,
7,
24,
18,
2,
-4,
-23,
31,
5,
-14,
-9,
16,
21,
-7,
13,
-22,
-19,
10,
65,
-4,
34,
-7,
38,
-45,
1,
-51,
-31,
7,
-7,
-2,
-25,
9,
11,
-21,
32,
-52,
-6,
-12,
1,
-16,
11,
-22,
26,
-1,
-26,
-6,
34,
-24,
-29,
-28,
15,
18,
13,
-4,
-22,
2,
6,
-19,
5,
-52,
-21,
23,
-29,
-4,
48,
55,
2,
12,
9,
-28,
-24,
39,
-41,
11,
-12,
12,
20,
-4,
26,
22,
-42,
-22,
42,
-19,
-43,
-11,
3,
24,
-42,
28,
6,
-4,
-18,
-2,
24,
-39,
-31,
-34,
-9,
-2,
-5,
-15,
36,
0,
-26,
2,
-25,
25,
-6,
23,
10,
7,
-34
] |
20231101.en_13214503_5
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna%20gain-to-noise-temperature
|
Antenna gain-to-noise-temperature
|
The noise power PN (in watts) received from an antenna at temperature TA can be expressed in terms of the bandwidth, B, that the antenna (and its receiver) are operating over:
|
[
-4,
20,
-2,
-2,
-6,
12,
-4,
-4,
-17,
28,
63,
56,
3,
-14,
5,
29,
-6,
-14,
-6,
11,
-22,
4,
-15,
8,
-27,
-21,
19,
-8,
-3,
19,
-6,
-44,
-36,
-23,
9,
3,
35,
-2,
-32,
-4,
34,
35,
9,
10,
24,
-5,
-32,
-33,
13,
-16,
-27,
26,
-8,
-35,
29,
8,
-6,
22,
-22,
0,
-10,
-14,
1,
-34,
7,
-15,
11,
-10,
-34,
5,
10,
25,
-35,
14,
19,
65,
58,
-4,
-72,
-31,
-10,
16,
-14,
45,
40,
-39,
24,
-70,
3,
0,
30,
-17,
-18,
6,
-31,
-13,
9,
-9,
-25,
47,
26,
13,
-7,
0,
-5,
14,
52,
8,
8,
-1,
-15,
42,
12,
24,
17,
-3,
34,
3,
-9,
-13,
-40,
-15,
26,
35,
7,
-9,
-21,
-4,
23,
-3,
-30,
27,
4,
14,
47,
6,
-26,
-20,
-24,
3,
2,
-63,
6,
-22,
-42,
-17,
7,
-21,
7,
-47,
15,
-1,
-58,
-48,
11,
8,
-7,
-1,
-30,
-46,
-8,
-16,
-29,
-45,
-25,
-20,
-44,
-21,
37,
18,
15,
-29,
10,
-21,
-43,
-16,
34,
2,
-7,
30,
-2,
-13,
16,
8,
12,
-15,
-3,
6,
33,
-43,
36,
-20,
-27,
-20,
-41,
-39,
49,
20,
17,
-41,
3,
-14,
-21,
11,
-47,
-26,
46,
-23,
1,
-6,
-40,
11,
1,
59,
20,
21,
18,
9,
38,
37,
-1,
-8,
34,
8,
21,
-55,
-23,
-7,
10,
21,
-75,
53,
9,
-14,
39,
-4,
19,
25,
19,
-4,
-21,
10,
-12,
-13,
4,
-6,
1,
3,
-23,
21,
1,
23,
59,
-17,
-2,
-56,
-30,
69,
-16,
-17,
12,
-13,
2,
26,
-3,
-14,
22,
-35,
-48,
21,
-13,
-45,
3,
-16,
-3,
-17,
-9,
-20,
4,
0,
-5,
51,
11,
36,
4,
22,
9,
30,
43,
-13,
39,
11,
28,
-34,
-14,
6,
-5,
22,
-11,
-22,
-48,
21,
-64,
-25,
-2,
-2,
-10,
-29,
-14,
25,
-33,
8,
-11,
9,
23,
11,
24,
-21,
-3,
6,
21,
-47,
-11,
-74,
46,
39,
13,
20,
-24,
-34,
14,
-19,
10,
-10,
-3,
-11,
1,
40,
-2,
4,
0,
-44,
24,
29,
65,
49,
19,
47,
-33,
-12,
-14,
-22,
34,
-4,
2,
-32,
-23,
24,
-33,
-27,
-4,
7,
-18,
-3,
-36,
38,
32,
-44,
1,
-41,
-24,
-5,
19,
-13,
7,
32,
28,
10,
-2,
-49,
-14,
39,
-3,
16,
-24,
-9,
-12,
-10,
23,
-30,
8,
-28,
-50,
-26,
21,
8,
5,
-15,
-27,
50,
-14,
-24,
-3,
4,
27,
-18,
40,
38,
-20,
56,
12,
4,
-20,
-2,
-27,
62,
19,
-2,
16,
-40,
24,
11,
-47,
16,
-29,
-26,
35,
-2,
10,
-2,
-2,
-46,
-29,
55,
-21,
-11,
34,
-14,
6,
-8,
0,
-30,
-68,
7,
-56,
-1,
-34,
0,
-36,
7,
-12,
-13,
14,
-8,
-27,
8,
6,
-5,
-65,
-1,
-16,
-4,
-20,
-27,
1,
-36,
-8,
-10,
54,
-16,
71,
-23,
-1,
-9,
-17,
-6,
-26,
-5,
-21,
-19,
30,
14,
54,
-45,
45,
-49,
25,
9,
3,
40,
-34,
6,
16,
-47,
22,
-4,
-9,
-36,
74,
-4,
35,
-13,
16,
-29,
-53,
-3,
17,
37,
18,
-34,
5,
-9,
-76,
-22,
2,
-4,
0,
-3,
-4,
14,
18,
7,
-15,
-19,
-10,
14,
51,
-44,
3,
19,
20,
-14,
-20,
-25,
1,
0,
5,
11,
-15,
34,
32,
23,
-42,
23,
39,
13,
25,
24,
11,
-51,
-15,
-18,
32,
37,
33,
13,
8,
28,
43,
4,
-3,
35,
29,
32,
5,
33,
-30,
15,
26,
21,
18,
12,
-36,
19,
-31,
-19,
-45,
-2,
15,
-1,
6,
-11,
7,
21,
28,
-51,
12,
-7,
41,
-14,
-44,
-1,
-2,
-41,
4,
-43,
5,
-35,
1,
-26,
29,
-13,
-8,
-2,
-27,
-18,
6,
27,
21,
54,
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] |
20231101.en_13214503_6
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna%20gain-to-noise-temperature
|
Antenna gain-to-noise-temperature
|
where k is the Boltzmann constant (). The receiver also has a temperature associated with it, TE, and the total system temperature T (antenna plus receiver) has a combined temperature given by T = TA + TE. This temperature can be used in the above equation to find the total noise power of the system. These concepts begin to illustrate how antenna engineers must understand receivers and the associated electronics, because the resulting systems very much depend on each other.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214503_7
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna%20gain-to-noise-temperature
|
Antenna gain-to-noise-temperature
|
A parameter often encountered in specification sheets for antennas that operate in certain environments is the ratio of gain of the antenna divided by the antenna temperature (or system temperature if a receiver is specified). This parameter is written as G/T, and has units of dB·K−1.
|
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19,
27,
-38,
12,
12,
46,
-3,
-15,
-66,
44,
33,
18,
-24,
-33,
-22,
-2,
-17,
-26,
7,
-18,
4,
-2,
-14,
15,
-24,
-15,
-30,
19,
-8,
72,
75,
42,
48,
-26,
-35,
-6,
0,
24,
-37,
-3,
-27,
-14,
16,
-19,
-43,
4,
7,
-4,
-1,
-13,
21,
28,
-27,
23,
-21,
-47,
-16,
17,
-43,
-16,
32,
6,
41,
17,
-51,
-9,
59,
-13,
6,
-13,
15,
14,
-15,
17,
-15,
31,
-50,
-2,
-24,
6,
39,
16,
0,
-20,
6,
0,
5,
-2,
12,
21,
-27,
24,
12,
-8,
38,
-32,
-10,
-19,
-11,
2,
64,
10,
12,
28,
-21,
46,
-8,
-18,
11,
-30,
-25,
31,
-7,
16,
12,
-30,
-8,
-12,
35,
9,
-16,
45,
-3,
-11,
-7,
33,
-22,
-61,
34,
-53,
-5,
-15,
-2,
-29,
4,
-1,
-25,
-15,
-7,
-14,
-5,
8,
-16,
-64,
-19,
-2,
-12,
-32,
-36,
-16,
-35,
-29,
-19,
63,
-4,
45,
-25,
3,
9,
-30,
-17,
-19,
-16,
-20,
-25,
7,
27,
55,
-62,
49,
-50,
-9,
10,
-12,
29,
-29,
3,
10,
-31,
-15,
3,
4,
-14,
58,
-26,
14,
-20,
5,
-7,
-39,
0,
-6,
23,
24,
-39,
-2,
-10,
-47,
-16,
9,
-18,
16,
-24,
-6,
13,
12,
-15,
3,
-36,
22,
18,
27,
-4,
-10,
35,
34,
7,
8,
-26,
31,
-49,
7,
11,
-34,
16,
15,
31,
-36,
34,
-1,
10,
26,
29,
-13,
-36,
22,
-32,
6,
14,
21,
7,
-6,
39,
6,
-5,
12,
24,
-5,
42,
12,
37,
-36,
19,
5,
14,
0,
10,
-29,
9,
-28,
-28,
-36,
10,
25,
-7,
2,
-17,
-14,
13,
30,
-41,
-10,
20,
29,
-5,
-29,
-3,
3,
-45,
18,
-33,
-24,
-13,
-6,
-39,
28,
20,
-3,
4,
-15,
-11,
-29,
15,
25,
9,
-32,
-19,
6,
-20,
21,
-39,
5,
-25,
6,
16,
-22,
3,
-45,
-54,
-3,
-6,
-24,
2,
6,
0,
27,
15,
26,
-33,
28,
-6,
34,
10,
-46,
11,
23,
26,
48,
-6,
18,
-12,
2,
21,
-36,
-14,
15,
-28,
-18,
-27,
56,
21,
10,
-43,
21,
35,
-11,
-23,
-7,
17,
2,
16,
-19,
-3,
39,
2,
-58,
20,
8,
23,
27,
-20,
14,
8,
11,
39,
15,
-29,
-18,
-15,
9,
-29,
19,
-22,
14,
-4,
1,
-36,
-12,
10,
34,
-13,
-4,
4,
35,
-61,
21,
-71,
-4,
-18,
0,
-1,
11,
10,
35,
44,
-12,
-19,
38,
-17,
17,
-23,
-12,
13,
15,
-11,
-15,
14,
-9,
1,
-66,
25,
43,
-6,
-21,
-4,
-6,
29,
19,
-27,
-1,
0,
4,
-1,
20,
-39,
-30,
-4,
33,
-2,
-22,
-15,
40,
-16,
0,
-9,
22,
-40,
37,
-16,
-3,
-57,
-2,
14,
12,
-33,
15,
-54,
31,
-31,
6,
2,
12,
-7,
30,
-8,
-33,
-13,
-3,
17,
-32,
-6,
-45,
14,
-13,
-49,
8,
-36,
-15,
-15,
-24,
42,
-25,
4,
-17,
3,
-10,
31,
50,
-32,
39,
-57,
6,
-6,
11,
-24,
-14,
-30,
-16,
-33,
-14,
-20,
32,
-13,
35,
-47,
-4,
7,
-31,
4,
-22,
20,
24,
27,
-42,
16,
-13,
23,
-19,
24,
-17,
5,
50,
-18,
-22,
9,
39,
18,
52,
-6,
4,
-4,
-16,
-5,
-31,
37,
5,
-5,
-42,
48,
-21,
6,
-35,
-45,
23,
-36,
2,
24,
-12,
-18,
44,
-26,
-5,
46,
16,
32,
-5,
8,
-29,
-1,
-4,
15,
40,
12,
24,
-65,
-50,
34,
-9,
24,
-4,
14,
-45,
40,
4,
-17,
5,
11,
17,
-40,
23,
-19,
-32,
3,
23,
4,
-15,
-2,
-34,
12,
38,
-29,
16,
-8,
0,
-10,
-26,
-7,
-20,
37,
-21,
31,
-52,
-49,
-18,
3,
-3,
12,
-4,
4,
13,
2,
22,
-36,
46,
-3,
-12,
-34,
5,
33,
25,
-26,
-10,
5,
-15,
41,
10,
18,
5,
15,
-30,
-6,
-38,
-32,
-17,
32,
-1,
-54,
7,
9,
-4,
5,
-45,
-8,
0,
19,
3,
35,
-8,
3,
-5,
-12,
-14,
68,
-8,
-33,
-34,
56,
-15,
-26,
8,
-23,
4,
-9,
-35,
17,
-11,
-44,
6,
-39,
-5,
60,
54,
0,
11,
28,
-29,
-13,
16,
-34,
16,
-39,
10,
5,
26,
10,
48,
-35,
-9,
44,
12,
-38,
1,
-3,
4,
-4,
-3,
-18,
-60,
-14,
4,
10,
-37,
-19,
-46,
-15,
7,
21,
-11,
30,
12,
-33,
10,
-32,
18,
-12,
55,
20,
-15,
-63
] |
20231101.en_13214503_8
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna%20gain-to-noise-temperature
|
Antenna gain-to-noise-temperature
|
This is not a representative value for calculating G/T since the G/T relates to the receive performance of both antenna and receiver.
|
[
-22,
13,
-8,
5,
-7,
-18,
-2,
4,
-11,
24,
58,
22,
10,
-35,
19,
8,
11,
20,
-22,
-29,
15,
16,
5,
35,
-42,
-33,
33,
-26,
11,
41,
28,
-38,
-83,
-20,
24,
-13,
10,
36,
-12,
34,
7,
26,
17,
13,
17,
-3,
-10,
-40,
-3,
-19,
-2,
3,
-11,
11,
23,
-15,
21,
0,
-15,
-8,
14,
-1,
-17,
-35,
15,
-14,
-9,
17,
-2,
-13,
-54,
2,
-24,
0,
24,
22,
34,
-4,
-61,
-41,
-3,
-5,
-36,
29,
14,
1,
26,
-82,
5,
4,
9,
30,
-21,
-13,
-31,
-1,
-2,
-12,
-26,
8,
24,
5,
-24,
-1,
21,
15,
17,
-26,
28,
0,
-7,
32,
17,
33,
-19,
11,
14,
2,
-24,
-21,
-15,
-45,
65,
38,
18,
-14,
24,
-13,
9,
0,
-11,
12,
7,
18,
3,
-4,
-28,
-33,
-49,
3,
-17,
-51,
19,
9,
-53,
-5,
31,
-6,
8,
-38,
12,
-32,
-48,
-7,
27,
19,
-22,
-37,
-43,
-42,
-12,
-12,
-9,
-6,
4,
4,
-22,
-6,
-20,
8,
19,
-13,
-2,
-2,
-33,
28,
45,
19,
3,
43,
-18,
-26,
23,
21,
48,
12,
38,
31,
35,
-21,
-5,
-1,
-8,
-7,
-71,
-11,
52,
21,
11,
-61,
-26,
7,
-23,
45,
-29,
-37,
52,
-23,
-2,
31,
-6,
24,
-1,
32,
-5,
20,
24,
-8,
20,
19,
-9,
-3,
20,
-7,
27,
-59,
-39,
6,
0,
9,
-41,
34,
-10,
-18,
38,
-42,
3,
26,
9,
8,
9,
21,
4,
6,
-3,
14,
-17,
1,
-39,
23,
-1,
17,
49,
-16,
-17,
-56,
-13,
49,
-7,
-26,
-17,
10,
-13,
35,
6,
-13,
-30,
-53,
-18,
22,
-23,
-50,
7,
-7,
-10,
-42,
-9,
1,
38,
-16,
-29,
27,
-6,
21,
4,
38,
14,
22,
42,
34,
69,
-22,
31,
-17,
-20,
13,
-20,
32,
14,
-6,
-35,
15,
-27,
-24,
18,
-33,
-22,
-58,
3,
38,
-11,
-28,
-27,
11,
46,
9,
14,
-37,
1,
-3,
37,
-25,
-17,
-41,
35,
14,
19,
5,
-3,
-7,
-5,
11,
-55,
-3,
10,
-39,
10,
0,
-6,
1,
-26,
-12,
6,
15,
77,
58,
12,
68,
-13,
-25,
-10,
10,
4,
32,
8,
-33,
9,
4,
5,
-14,
-10,
-24,
5,
7,
-17,
48,
-2,
-35,
47,
-7,
-51,
-12,
-4,
-44,
-15,
34,
-6,
-2,
-2,
-56,
-4,
41,
20,
17,
-27,
1,
-12,
-1,
29,
-11,
37,
-37,
-11,
-27,
34,
28,
-3,
-15,
-34,
25,
3,
-12,
-11,
14,
9,
-47,
17,
23,
-43,
21,
17,
-18,
-25,
-11,
-12,
62,
17,
27,
32,
-25,
47,
8,
-12,
6,
-27,
-23,
25,
-34,
-14,
7,
-17,
5,
-7,
-1,
-2,
-16,
63,
12,
-17,
-13,
32,
-6,
-33,
-5,
-38,
-22,
-16,
6,
-32,
27,
10,
-31,
6,
-13,
-23,
-21,
3,
-27,
-39,
-27,
25,
-25,
-2,
-22,
-12,
-47,
-12,
5,
35,
-18,
51,
-12,
-15,
15,
-6,
21,
-6,
-24,
-15,
-21,
-12,
25,
52,
-57,
39,
-30,
-17,
7,
-34,
36,
-27,
-16,
28,
-11,
-19,
8,
20,
1,
62,
-8,
-2,
-6,
5,
-9,
-33,
-8,
-26,
-23,
7,
-26,
0,
11,
-18,
8,
-14,
-6,
-10,
-33,
-10,
18,
23,
-7,
-23,
-58,
-1,
17,
40,
-43,
33,
3,
23,
17,
6,
-38,
9,
-42,
31,
15,
10,
27,
27,
9,
-53,
20,
4,
7,
-1,
30,
-14,
-47,
15,
-33,
-1,
13,
29,
-28,
29,
18,
25,
-7,
-21,
51,
-34,
40,
26,
55,
-44,
4,
21,
20,
17,
16,
-34,
4,
-27,
-46,
-31,
-13,
6,
8,
5,
-1,
-10,
20,
-3,
-26,
-14,
16,
25,
-11,
-23,
-7,
-2,
-29,
-2,
-41,
-9,
-19,
4,
-27,
27,
36,
13,
2,
-17,
-8,
-22,
25,
7,
7,
-15,
6,
5,
-25,
-14,
-46,
-3,
-3,
-11,
-25,
-40,
40,
-57,
-34,
22,
-7,
-18,
7,
9,
-9,
-1,
55,
24,
-1,
26,
-37,
18,
1,
-43,
-1,
29,
21,
40,
9,
34,
-34,
2,
42,
-32,
10,
0,
-16,
-25,
-29,
10,
22,
9,
-28,
14,
54,
-9,
11,
1,
24,
-5,
-11,
-2,
18,
22,
4,
-51,
1,
21,
15,
50,
-13,
17,
7,
15,
57,
-12,
-2,
-39,
-4,
-13,
-50,
4,
-2,
31,
15,
39,
-40,
-9,
34,
29,
-8,
-22,
-9,
46,
-56,
17,
-76,
2,
-6,
-5,
-15,
11,
4,
9,
34,
-31,
3,
38,
-24,
-3,
-13,
22,
19,
24,
-4,
-6,
-1,
33,
-5,
-55,
-8,
25,
-1,
4,
-7,
-26,
28,
18,
-3,
-12,
1,
26,
1,
20,
-39,
-29,
-22,
15,
-16,
-16,
-16,
48,
-42,
-12,
-8,
13,
-10,
23,
-35,
-12,
-28,
8,
27,
-9,
-43,
33,
-73,
26,
-9,
14,
-10,
-18,
-2,
11,
6,
-5,
-17,
30,
48,
-69,
-1,
-34,
5,
11,
-32,
15,
-6,
-21,
0,
-20,
-9,
-9,
7,
-42,
23,
-7,
25,
12,
-18,
53,
-60,
-18,
46,
33,
-24,
-8,
7,
-18,
-71,
-10,
-25,
62,
-27,
55,
-27,
21,
-14,
-34,
28,
3,
12,
-8,
32,
-4,
10,
-11,
24,
-23,
19,
6,
-17,
50,
-5,
-11,
-1,
41,
18,
33,
12,
-22,
-9,
-4,
-14,
-41,
27,
8,
-23,
-31,
49,
13,
11,
-32,
-69,
15,
-31,
-30,
-10,
-28,
-9,
33,
12,
-35,
61,
4,
41,
-35,
32,
-34,
-2,
18,
12,
61,
2,
33,
-51,
-54,
32,
9,
24,
6,
15,
-43,
54,
23,
-8,
-12,
0,
-2,
-15,
28,
-13,
-29,
-4,
56,
9,
-15,
8,
-11,
19,
45,
-25,
1,
9,
5,
-30,
-42,
7,
-31,
32,
-34,
20,
-40,
-45,
-13,
8,
-12,
-15,
-5,
11,
16,
-13,
26,
-34,
51,
-12,
-16,
-13,
28,
28,
19,
-37,
-17,
5,
-22,
30,
20,
6,
-18,
24,
-23,
-12,
-38,
-5,
16,
19,
3,
-27,
30,
4,
8,
13,
-64,
34,
-19,
-1,
13,
9,
-12,
-14,
-1,
-9,
-26,
27,
-9,
-5,
-30,
37,
-35,
-13,
28,
-18,
-1,
30,
-60,
24,
8,
-51,
12,
-50,
-12,
43,
61,
28,
-24,
5,
-23,
32,
3,
-23,
9,
-33,
-14,
29,
45,
31,
17,
-26,
-1,
54,
-17,
-25,
-38,
9,
20,
-23,
22,
-13,
-22,
-12,
3,
18,
-38,
-28,
-12,
-48,
-14,
37,
5,
49,
7,
8,
1,
-27,
20,
-11,
41,
10,
-12,
-85
] |
20231101.en_13214503_9
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna%20gain-to-noise-temperature
|
Antenna gain-to-noise-temperature
|
Satellite antenna aperture is closely related to the quality factor (G/T value) of the earth station. The G/T value and satellite power demand, i.e. equivalent rent bandwidth, is a logarithmic linear relationship. So the value of equivalent rent bandwidth increases with the narrowing of antenna aperture.
|
[
-34,
58,
17,
30,
-10,
40,
-17,
-12,
-37,
35,
37,
44,
-4,
-22,
0,
-8,
35,
-16,
4,
17,
-11,
-29,
3,
18,
-5,
6,
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] |
20231101.en_13214503_10
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna%20gain-to-noise-temperature
|
Antenna gain-to-noise-temperature
|
Therefore, when selecting the earth station aperture, it is not a case of the smaller, the better. The earth station aperture should make a compromise between the space overhead (equivalent rent bandwidth) and ground overhead (antenna aperture) in order to make the system achieve optimum allocation.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214505_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Capehart
|
James Capehart
|
James Capehart (March 7, 1847 – April 28, 1921) was a businessman and political figure in the Democratic Party from West Virginia. He served as a United States Representative from West Virginia in the 52nd and 53rd Congresses.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214505_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Capehart
|
James Capehart
|
Capehart was born in Point Pleasant in Mason County, Virginia (now West Virginia). He attended the public schools and went to Marietta College, Ohio. He also studied at Duff's Commercial College in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He worked for his father as a clerk and bookkeeper. From 1867 to 1903 he pursued an interest in agriculture and breeding livestock. He served as president of the Mason County Court in 1871, 1872, and again from 1880 to 1885.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214505_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Capehart
|
James Capehart
|
In 1888 Capehart was chosen as a delegate to the Democratic National Convention. He was elected to his first term in Congress in 1890, and was re-elected in 1892, serving from 1891 to 1895 (March 4, 1891 – March 3, 1895; the 52nd and 53rd United States Congresses)
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214505_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Capehart
|
James Capehart
|
Capehart chose not to run for re-election in the 1894 contest. After returning to West Virginia, he worked as president of the Point Pleasant National Bank, beginning in 1901.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214505_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Capehart
|
James Capehart
|
Around 1903 Capehart renewed his interest in agriculture, growing fruit in Brevard County, Florida. He lived in Cocoa, Florida until his death in 1921. He was buried in Lone Oak Cemetery, Point Pleasant, West Virginia.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214533_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chartiers%20Valley%20School%20District
|
Chartiers Valley School District
|
Chartiers Valley School District is a suburban borough school district that serves an area southwest of Pittsburgh, including the Boroughs of Bridgeville and Heidelberg and Collier Township and Scott Township in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. The district was formed in 1956. Chartiers Valley School District encompasses approximately 18 square miles. According to 2000 federal census data, it serves a resident population of 29,119. In 2009, the district residents' per capita income was $23,365, while the median family income was $51,647.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214533_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chartiers%20Valley%20School%20District
|
Chartiers Valley School District
|
The district operates one high school, one middle school, one intermediate school and one primary school.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214533_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chartiers%20Valley%20School%20District
|
Chartiers Valley School District
|
The school district is named after Pierre Chartiers (1690—1759) who established a trading post in the area in 1743.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214536_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antalya%20Expo%20Center
|
Antalya Expo Center
|
Antalya Expo Center is an indoor arena in Antalya, Turkey. The Expo Center was founded in 1999 by Antalya Fair Management and Investment Inc. It has a seating capacity for 3,800 people for sports events. It is located north of the Antalya Airport and northeast of the Antalya city.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214536_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antalya%20Expo%20Center
|
Antalya Expo Center
|
The arena hosted some games of the first stages of Eurobasket 2001 and the 2010 World Weightlifting Championships on September 17–26.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214553_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic%20number
|
Geographic number
|
A geographic number is a telephone number, from a range of numbers in the United Kingdom National Telephone Numbering Plan, where part of its digit structure contains geographic significance used for routing calls to the physical location of the network termination point of the subscriber to whom the telephone number has been assigned, or where the network termination point does not relate to the geographic area code but where the tariffing remains consistent with that geographic area code.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214553_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic%20number
|
Geographic number
|
In the Netherlands any telephone number consists of 10 digits and the geographic number is often separated with a minus sign. The number 0592 for example is the geographic number for the area in and around the city Assen, and Groningen uses 050. Someone living in Assen has a caller ID of 6 numbers and someone in Groningen has a caller ID of 7 numbers.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214556_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan%20Messinger
|
Jonathan Messinger
|
Jonathan Messinger is a writer, book critic, and the editor of Public Spend Forum, a public sector procurement blog that is part of Spend Matters Group. He is also the writer and producer of the Alien Adventures of Finn Caspian, a children's science fiction podcast. He was formerly Time Out Chicago's books editor and Web editor for Time Out Chicago Kids. Jonathan was born in Boston, Massachusetts and lives in Chicago, Illinois, USA.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214556_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan%20Messinger
|
Jonathan Messinger
|
He has contributed his fiction writing to the journal McSweeney's, among many other major and alternative publications. While at Clark University he was the editor of the student magazine The Wheatbread. Messinger was also the editor of THISisGRAND, a web magazine chronicling true stories on Chicago's public transit. He has toured extensively in Canada and the United States, and is the creator and host of The Dollar Store Reading Series, a successful monthly show where he hands out items purchased for a dollar to writers and comedians, who then use the item as inspiration for stories.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214556_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan%20Messinger
|
Jonathan Messinger
|
Messinger's first published collection of short stories, Hiding Out, was released in 2007 through Featherproof books, an independent publisher which he cofounded in 2005 in combination with fellow writer Zach Dodson. The general critical response was positive. Mark Eleveld in Booklist, Donna Seaman in Chicago Tribune and Kevin Sampsell in The Portland Mercury were impressed, whereas a more mixed review was published in Publishers Weekly. He has written four books based on his Alien Adventures of Finn Caspian podcast, which is also being adapted as a TV movie.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214567_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arly-Singou
|
Arly-Singou
|
Arly-Singou is a large ecosystem in Burkina Faso. It encompasses the Arli National Park and the Singou Reserve. It is considered to comprise part of the most significant and important savanna woodland wildlife areas still existing in West Africa.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214567_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arly-Singou
|
Arly-Singou
|
In 1980, aerial counts revealed that the largest antelope population in the entire region inhabited the Arly-Singou complex. More recent studies indicate that the antelope population has been sustained by the end of the 20th century.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214567_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arly-Singou
|
Arly-Singou
|
In 2003, herds of African elephant, buffalo, roan antelope, western hartebeest, oribi, Grimm's duiker, Buffon's kob, bushbuck, waterbuck, bohor reedbuck and groups of warthog, anubis baboon and Patas monkey were recorded in Arly-Singou during an aerial survey. In 2002, it was estimated that between 364 and 444 lions reside in Arly-Singou, based on information by local people. But census data were not available. In 2004, census data were still not available. Based on information by wildlife researchers, it was estimated that 50 to 150 lions reside in Arly-Singou.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214567_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arly-Singou
|
Arly-Singou
|
Previously the endangered painted hunting dog, Lycaon pictus, occurred in Burkina Faso within the Arly-Singou ecosystem, but, although last sightings were made in Arli National Park, the species is considered extirpated throughout Burkina Faso.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214567_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arly-Singou
|
Arly-Singou
|
The Arly-Singou project is considered to have taken a somewhat new initiative in structure, in regard to wildlife management undertakings funded by the government in the area. However, the project also permits private operators to share and hold authority of the area's management, in a bid to take advantage of the benefits of greater external funds, from these operators.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214579_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Rose%20Callaghan
|
Mary Rose Callaghan
|
Callaghan obtained a Bachelor of Arts in English, History, and Ethics/Politics in 1968, followed by a Diploma in Education in 1969, both from University College, Dublin.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214579_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Rose%20Callaghan
|
Mary Rose Callaghan
|
From 1973 to 1975, she was assistant editor of The Arts in Ireland. She has had journalism published in The Irish Times, The Sunday Tribune, Hibernia, The Irish Independent, and the Catholic Standard. Some of her shorter creative pieces have been published in U Magazine, The Irish Times, Image Magazine, and the Journal of Irish Literature.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214579_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Rose%20Callaghan
|
Mary Rose Callaghan
|
Callaghan moved to United States in 1975, where she finished her first novel, Mothers, in 1978 (published in 1982). The book is composed of monologues telling the stories of three Irishwomen from three generations, exploring marriage, adoption and pregnancy out of wedlock, and female sisterhood.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214579_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Rose%20Callaghan
|
Mary Rose Callaghan
|
While continuing to write fiction, she also worked as a contributing editor for the Journal of Irish Literature from 1975 to 1993, and was associate editor for the first two editions of the Dictionary of Irish Literature. She has taught writing at the University of Delaware.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214579_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Rose%20Callaghan
|
Mary Rose Callaghan
|
Her novels have received critical attention. Mothers was reviewed by the New Statesman and by Library Journal; later works by Publishers Weekly, Booklist and the TLS.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214579_5
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Rose%20Callaghan
|
Mary Rose Callaghan
|
Emigrant Dreams. Dublin: Poolbeg, 1996. (published in America as I Met a Man who Wasn’t There. New York: Marion Boyars, 1996.)
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214591_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zudikey%20Rodr%C3%ADguez
|
Zudikey Rodríguez
|
Zudikey Rodríguez Núñez (born 14 March 1987 in Valle de Bravo, State of Mexico) is a Mexican sprinter and hurdler. Her personal best time for the 200 metres is 23.18 seconds, achieved in May 2007 in Puebla.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214591_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zudikey%20Rodr%C3%ADguez
|
Zudikey Rodríguez
|
Then she moved up a distance to run 400 metres. She was member of the silver medal-winning Mexican 4×400 relay team at the 2007 Pan American Games. She also placed eighth in the 2007 World Championships in Athletics and represented Mexico at the 2008 Summer Olympics.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214591_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zudikey%20Rodr%C3%ADguez
|
Zudikey Rodríguez
|
In 2010, she switched to the 400 metres hurdles event. In her first competitive race, she set a Mexican record of 56.10 seconds (previous record was 57.78 by Mayra González). She went on to become the hurdles champion at the 2010 Ibero-American Championships in Athletics.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214591_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zudikey%20Rodr%C3%ADguez
|
Zudikey Rodríguez
|
During the 2010 Central American and Caribbean Games where she won the silver in the 400 meters hurdles and bronze in the 4 x 400 meters relay, she tested positive for a banned substance, methylhexanamine, commonly used as nasal decongestant, she was consequently suspended for six months from 3 August 2010 to 4 February 2011.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214595_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large-scale%20whiting
|
Large-scale whiting
|
The large-scale whiting (Sillaginops macrolepis) the only member of the genus Sillaginops, is a poorly understood species of coastal marine fish of the smelt- whiting family Sillaginidae. First described in 1859, the large-scale whiting is known to inhabit shallow waters along the coasts of a number of Indo-Pacific countries including Japan, Indonesia, Philippines and the Solomon Islands. Little is known of the species biology, even though it is of minor importance to fisheries throughout its range.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214595_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large-scale%20whiting
|
Large-scale whiting
|
The species was first scientifically described by the Dutch ichthyologist Pieter Bleeker in 1859 from a specimen collected from the waters of Batavia in Bali, Indonesia. This specimen was designated to be the holotype.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214595_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large-scale%20whiting
|
Large-scale whiting
|
As with most of the family Sillaginidae, the large-scale whiting has a slightly compressed, elongate body tapering toward the terminal mouth. The body is covered in small ctenoid scales, except for the two rows of cheek scales which are mostly cycloid. The first dorsal fin has 11 spines and the second dorsal fin has 1 leading spine with 19 to 21 soft rays posterior. The anal fin is similar to the second dorsal fin, but has 2 spines with 19 to 21 soft rays posterior to the spines. Other distinguishing features include 51 to 56 lateral line scales and a total of 34 vertebrae. The species has a known maximum length of over 16 cm.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214595_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large-scale%20whiting
|
Large-scale whiting
|
While reviewing the species, McKay only was able to examine the swim bladders of juveniles. He found the juveniles to have well-developed swim bladders with no posterior or anterior extensions, but the duct like process well developed.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214595_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large-scale%20whiting
|
Large-scale whiting
|
The fish is a yellowish colour, being darker above with a diffuse silver longitudinal mid-lateral band on the sides. All fins are hyaline in appearance, with the dorsal fins being dusky with a narrow blackish margin. Juveniles have a series of small brown spots along their back at the base of the dorsal fins.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214595_5
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large-scale%20whiting
|
Large-scale whiting
|
The large-scale whiting has been recorded from Japan, the Indonesian Archipelago, New Britain, Solomon Islands and the Philippines
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214595_6
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large-scale%20whiting
|
Large-scale whiting
|
A 1980 report from India by Dutt and Sajutha is in error and was the first recording of the then undescribed species, Sillago lutea.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214595_7
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large-scale%20whiting
|
Large-scale whiting
|
The species enters estuaries and may penetrate fresh water rivers, at least as juveniles. Large-scale whiting are only found in relatively shallow water of 0 to 5 m in depth.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214595_8
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large-scale%20whiting
|
Large-scale whiting
|
Although the species is of minor importance at present, it is often caught in trawls and seines, being of slight importance to local fisheries throughout its range.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214596_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munderic%20of%20Arisitum
|
Munderic of Arisitum
|
Saint Munderic of Arisitum was a Coadjutor at the Diocese of Langres between 539 and 572 and later a Bishop of Arisitum circa 600. He was a son of Ansbertus, a senator, and wife Blithilde.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214596_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munderic%20of%20Arisitum
|
Munderic of Arisitum
|
Monderic had originally been consecrated as a coadjutor for Bishop Tetricus of Langres, who had suffered a stroke. The understanding, however, was that he would serve as Archpriest of Tonnerre in the diocese of Langres, until Bishop Tetricus died. But in the war between King Guntram and King Sigibert, Monderic had given gifts and furnished supplies for Sigibert, and so he was sent into exile super ripam Rhodani in turri quadam arcta atque detecta, ('by the bank of the Rhone in a certain small tower that had lost its roof') in which he was held for two years cum grandi cruciatu ('with great discomfort'). Archbishop Nicetius, who was the bishop of Lyon and Metropolitan of the diocese of Langres, intervened on his behalf and sheltered him in Lyon for two months. Unable to get his original place restored, Monderic fled to King Sigibert. About 570, Sigebert, King of Austrasia, created a see at Arisitum for Munderic, taking fifteen parishes and the village of Arisitum, which had once belonged to the Goths but at the time was in the diocese Bishop Dalmatius of Rodez.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214615_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay%20Kirke
|
Jay Kirke
|
Judson Fabian Kirke (June 16, 1888 – August 31, 1968) was an American professional baseball first baseman.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214615_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay%20Kirke
|
Jay Kirke
|
Kirke played baseball locally around Fleischmanns, New York before signing with the Kingston Colonials of the Hudson River League and thereafter progressing through the minor leagues.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214615_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay%20Kirke
|
Jay Kirke
|
He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1910 through 1918 for the Detroit Tigers, Boston Rustlers / Braves, Cleveland Naps / Indians, and New York Giants. In 1,148 big league at bats, Kirke had a solid career batting average of .301 while playing seven different positions, primarily first base. Kirke enjoyed a long minor league career after his final stint in the big leagues with the New York Giants.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214615_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay%20Kirke
|
Jay Kirke
|
While playing in the minor leagues with the Louisville Colonels with player-manager Joe McCarthy, Kirke told McCarthy that, as a player, McCarthy did not "look so good" to his fellow ballplayers. McCarthy credited Kirke's remark with inspiring him to quit playing and focus instead on managing. McCarthy would go on to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame as a manager.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214615_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay%20Kirke
|
Jay Kirke
|
After a long and successful career as both a minor league player and manager, Kirke moved to New Orleans while his son, Judson, played and managed in the minors.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214623_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Travers
|
William Travers
|
William Travers (New Zealand politician) (1819–1903), New Zealand lawyer, politician, explorer, and naturalist
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214623_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Travers
|
William Travers
|
William Travers (Virginia politician) (1630–1679), Virginia colonial politician, Speaker of the Virginia House of Burgesses
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214623_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Travers
|
William Travers
|
Sir William Henry St Laurence Clarke-Travers, 2nd Baronet (1801–1877) of the Clarke-Travers baronets
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214644_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road%20safety%20audit
|
Road safety audit
|
A road safety audit (RSA) is defined as "the formal safety performance examination of an existing or future road or intersection by an independent, multidisciplinary team. It qualitatively estimates and reports on potential road safety issues and identifies opportunities for improvements in safety for all road users."
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214644_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road%20safety%20audit
|
Road safety audit
|
Road safety audits differ from conventional traffic safety studies in two key ways: road safety audits are often pro-active investigations, rather than reactive investigations of sites with histories of complaints or poor safety performance, and the investigation team is independent from the staff that is designing the project or maintains the road.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214644_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road%20safety%20audit
|
Road safety audit
|
Road safety audits are commonly used in the United Kingdom and Australia, and are coming into wider use in the United States. They are a mandatory requirement for all trunk road Highway Improvement Schemes in the UK (including motorways). The requirements of a Road Safety Audit are contained in the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges section GG 119 (formerly HD19/15).
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214644_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road%20safety%20audit
|
Road safety audit
|
A key feature of a road safety audit is the use of a team of professionals with varied expertise. The team should include highway safety engineers, highway design engineers, maintenance personnel, and law enforcement. Additional specialties should be added to the team as needed. The team members must not be involved in the design or maintenance of the facility being examined, so that they can have an objective point of view.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214644_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road%20safety%20audit
|
Road safety audit
|
The road safety audit may investigate general safety conditions, or it may focus on specific concerns or users. Walkability audits concentrate on pedestrian safety and accommodation, and transit audits focus on safety of bus and train users. The New York State Department of Transportation's Safety Appurtenance Program (SAFETAP) uses audit techniques to make simple but effective safety improvements in conjunction with road resurfacing projects. This helps prevent increases in crashes that sometimes occur due to increased driving speeds after road resurfacing.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214644_5
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road%20safety%20audit
|
Road safety audit
|
Audits attempt to avoid some of the limitations inherent to any crash history scoring system. Some of these limitations are:
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214644_6
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road%20safety%20audit
|
Road safety audit
|
Reactive systems require waiting until crashes have already occurred, possibly with resulting injuries and fatalities.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214644_7
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road%20safety%20audit
|
Road safety audit
|
Crash frequencies are subject to regression toward the mean. It can be hard to determine whether good or poor short-term safety performance is due to the inherent safety or hazards of the site, or random variation. Sites with high or low crash rates are likely to move towards the mean as a matter of course, even if nothing changes.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214644_8
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road%20safety%20audit
|
Road safety audit
|
Most existing procedures focus on sites that have experienced the most accidents, which may or may not be the sites that could benefit most from a safety improvement.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214644_9
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road%20safety%20audit
|
Road safety audit
|
Reactive systems are limited by the quality and timeliness of the data entered into them. Deficiencies in crash reporting limit the effectiveness of these systems.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214644_10
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road%20safety%20audit
|
Road safety audit
|
If historical crash data are available, the audit team should make use of them. However, one of the strengths of the audit process is it can find safety concerns before they contribute to crashes. Lack of data is a reason to use the audit process, rather than an excuse not to.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214644_11
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road%20safety%20audit
|
Road safety audit
|
To check a road or a network for consistency, to make sure that a road user does not encounter unexpected road safety issues
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214644_12
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road%20safety%20audit
|
Road safety audit
|
Preliminary design stage, when alternate courses of action for the project are analyzed, and selected or discarded
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214644_13
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road%20safety%20audit
|
Road safety audit
|
Construction stage, to make sure work zone traffic controls are protecting road users and construction workers
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214644_14
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road%20safety%20audit
|
Road safety audit
|
Thematic audits focus on particular aspects of a road. They may be used to investigate road safety issues brought up by road user groups, or audits conducted to support a land development application.
|
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3
] |
20231101.en_13214644_15
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road%20safety%20audit
|
Road safety audit
|
Australian experience has shown benefit/cost ratios of from 3 to 242 from implementation of recommendations of individual design stages audits, and benefit/cost ratios of from 2.4 to 84 for existing road audits.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214644_16
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road%20safety%20audit
|
Road safety audit
|
This makes sense as it assigns the highest benefit cost ratio to feasibility stage, preliminary design stage and design stage audits, since these audits can remove poor design features from projects before they are built.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214644_17
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road%20safety%20audit
|
Road safety audit
|
Road safety audit has been criticised for standing in the way of innovation. The value of road safety audit is critically dependent on the knowledge and training of the individuals undertaking the audit. The lack of formal and robust accreditation of Road Safety Auditors has led to a wide variation in the skills of people practicing: from the highest levels of technical competence, to those with poor knowledge who are able to conduct little more than checks of code compliance. It is expected that in future years, rigorous examination based systems of accreditation will emerge internationally.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214668_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriela%20Medina
|
Gabriela Medina
|
Gabriela Elizabeth Medina Solórzano (born 3 March 1985 in Guadalajara, Jalisco) is a Mexican sprinter who specializes in the 400 metres.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214672_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puzzle%20of%20the%20Space%20Pyramids
|
Puzzle of the Space Pyramids
|
Puzzle of the Space Pyramids is a fix-up science fiction novel by American writer Eando Binder. It tells the story of several successive space expeditions to Mars, Venus, Mercury and Jupiter. As each planet is found to harbor various (usually hostile) alien life, each expedition must survive both the elements and the attacks by the natives. The continuing thread through the expeditions is the discovery of an ancient pyramid on each planet they explore. These puzzling pyramids were apparently built by an unknown primeval civilization far older than and unrelated to the current inhabitants. When a final pyramid is found on Jupiter, its existence may point the way to their builder's secret.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214721_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnoald
|
Arnoald
|
Arnoald, also called Arnoldus or Arnual (c. 540/560 – c. 611), was a Bishop of Metz between 601 and 609 or 611, the successor of his uncle Agilulf. He was the son of Ansbertus, a senator, and his wife Blithilde, whose parents were Charibert I and Ingoberga.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214721_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnoald
|
Arnoald
|
Virtually no information survives concerning the acts of Arnoald prior to his becoming Bishop of Metz or during his occupation of the episcopal seat. From Paul the Deacon we learn that he was Roman and of senatorial extraction suggesting that he came from one of the families in southern Gaul whose members had held senatorial rank during the empire.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214721_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnoald
|
Arnoald
|
The Commemoratio Genealogiae Domni Karoli Glorissimi Imperatoris, clearly incorrect in some respects (see below), suggests strongly that Arnoald was one of the Ferreoli, a family dating from the 4th century who were based in the Midi but appear to have switched their loyalties from the Visigothic Kingdom to the Frankish Kingdom of Austrasia with its capital at Metz during the two decades following the Battle of Vouillé in 507. Modern arguments have been made that this relationship was invented by contemporaries to give the Carolingians a Roman pedigree. However this is unlikely to have been the case inasmuch as (a) the Ferreoli, though significant, were far from the most prominent senatorial family in Gaul and (b) it would have been too easy for the Carolingians to obtain whatever Roman bloodline by marrying into remnants of those families.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214721_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnoald
|
Arnoald
|
Still the interest taken by the Austrasians in the Ferreoli is enigmatic and significant and may have to do with their potential use in a conquest of Visigothic Septimania. Several members of the family were elevated to the rank of Patrician (senior Roman official) of Provence during the 6th century. Arnoald's acquisition of the bishopric of Metz is unsurprising inasmuch as his uncle Agilulf had held it. The reason Agilulf was granted the position is more obscure. There do not appear to be any predecessors of this family in the bishopric of Metz which prior to 590 was not important enough to warrant a single mention from Gregory of Tours. Prior to Agilulf, the most powerful bishops in the Austrasian kingdom were Egidius of Rheims and Gregory of Tours.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214721_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnoald
|
Arnoald
|
Egidius was convicted of treason in 590 and the rise of the Bishops of Metz from that time certainly is in part due to those events. Even after these events, Metz cannot truly be said to have become the most powerful bishopric until the time of Arnulf. It is of some interest that the name of the diplomatically adept deacon of Gregory of Tours in 590 was also an Agilulf.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214721_5
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnoald
|
Arnoald
|
The Commemoratio Genealogiae Domni Karoli Glorissimi Imperatoris written originally in the early 9th century states that Arnulf of Metz was the son of predecessor Arnoaldus of Metz, himself a son of Ansbertus and thus belonging to the Ferreoli of the Midi. Joseph Depoin observed that chronologically and for other reasons - Arnulf was identified as a Frank in contemporary documents whereas Arnoald was identified by Paul the Deacon as a Roman ex nobilia senatorum familia orto - this construction was incorrect and proposed an alternative to the effect that Arnulf's father was Bodegisel, based in significant part on the Vita Gundolphi. David H. Kelley then proposed that Arnoaldus was likely an ancestor of the Carolingians through a daughter Itta, wife of Pepin of Landen. Christian Settipani carefully revisited and expanded upon the work of Depoin and Kelley. He concurred in Arnulf's descent from Bodegisel instead of Arnoald, and that there was a connection between the Ripuarian Frankish royal house and the Carolingians but argued (without dismissing the possibility of Itta's being Arnoald's daughter) that there was a connection through Arnulf's wife, Doda who he posited as a daughter of Arnoald. Kelly considered Settipani's proposed connection between the Carolingians and Arnoald and regarded it as probable.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214721_6
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnoald
|
Arnoald
|
Christian Settipani, Continuite Gentilice et Continuite Familiale Dans Les Familles Senatoriales Romaines A L'epoque Imperiale, Mythe et Realite, Addenda I - III (juillet 2000- octobre 2002) (n.p.: Prosopographica et Genealogica, 2002).
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214721_7
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnoald
|
Arnoald
|
David Humiston Kelley, "A New Consideration of the Carolingians," The New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vol. 101 (1947)
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214721_8
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnoald
|
Arnoald
|
Depoin, J., "Grandes figures monacales des temps mérovingiens: saint Arnoul de Metz. Études de critique historique", Revue Mabillon, 1921, p. 245-258, et 1922, p. 13-25.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214722_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enemymine
|
Enemymine
|
Enemymine was a Washington-state-based indie rock band known for their very loud and abrasive music. The band consisted of three members; two bass guitarists and a drummer. Mike Kunka of godheadSilo played bass and provided vocals on all songs, while Zak Sally from Low also played bass and Danny Sasaki played drums. Ryan Baldoz replaced Sally on bass on "The Ice in Me." Enemymine has played shows with Jucifer, Melvins, Mindless Self Indulgence, Burning Brides, the Rapture, Melt Banana, among others. Before breaking up, the band released a self-titled EP on K Records and a full-length, 'The Ice in Me' on Up Records.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214758_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stew%20Hofferth
|
Stew Hofferth
|
Stewart Edward Hofferth (January 27, 1913 – March 7, 1994) was an American professional baseball player. The catcher appeared in 136 Major League Baseball games played over three seasons for the 1944–46 Boston Braves. Listed at tall and , Hofferth threw and batted right-handed. He was born in Logansport, Indiana.
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20231101.en_13214758_1
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stew%20Hofferth
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Stew Hofferth
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Hofferth spent eight years (1936–43) in minor league baseball, including three seasons (1940–42) as a player-manager in the Brooklyn Dodgers' organization. In 1943, he was selected the Most Valuable Player of the top-level American Association after he batted.301 with 83 runs batted in as a member of the Indianapolis Indians. That banner year earned Hofferth a promotion to the Braves in during the World War II manpower shortage. He appeared in a career-high 66 games during his rookie season as the backup to Phil Masi and Clyde Kluttz. On May 13, 1944, Hofferth collected four hits and scored four runs in six at bats to help lead the Braves to a 16–2 rout of the Pittsburgh Pirates at Forbes Field. Two and a half months later, on July 30, he had another four-hit day against the Pirates, this time in four at bats, in a 6–4 Boston triumph at Braves Field.
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] |
20231101.en_13214758_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stew%20Hofferth
|
Stew Hofferth
|
Hofferth's playing time diminished in , although he hit three home runs and started 43 games at catcher (both career bests) for the Braves that season. Hofferth then spent the first two months of the postwar campaign on the Braves' roster, appearing in 20 games and starting 15 behind the plate. On June 15, he went hitless in three at bats against Ed Heusser of the Cincinnati Reds at Braves Field. Later that day, then the trading deadline in Major League Baseball, he was reacquired by Brooklyn in a one-for-one deal for fellow Hoosier Billy Herman, the veteran 36-year-old second baseman in the twilight of a Hall of Fame career. Hofferth never played another MLB game and retired after spending 1948 as a player-manager in the Dodger organization.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214758_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stew%20Hofferth
|
Stew Hofferth
|
In addition to four home runs, his 88 big-league hits included 11 doubles and one triple. Hofferth died at age 81 in Valparaiso, Indiana.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214771_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockabye%20Baby%21
|
Rockabye Baby!
|
Rockabye Baby! is a series of CDs geared toward infants and newborns, containing instrumental lullaby versions of popular rock bands including The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, and Led Zeppelin. This CMH Records series debuted in 2006, and garnered many reviews from the music and entertainment industry, including MTV, The Boston Globe, Chicago Sun-Times, Entertainment Weekly, InStyle magazine, ABC World News, and The Washington Post. Rockabye Baby! CDs were included in gift bags given to all of the survivors of the 2010 Cholera outbreak in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. The series is produced by Lisa Roth, sister of Van Halen frontman David Lee Roth.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214771_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockabye%20Baby%21
|
Rockabye Baby!
|
In 2011, Rockabye Baby! released their five-year anniversary compilation, Good Day, Goodnight, a 2-CD set featuring songs from previously released albums as well as several new songs.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13214771_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockabye%20Baby%21
|
Rockabye Baby!
|
there are over 100 Rockabye Baby! albums on the market from a diverse array of artists, such as Journey, Björk and The Weeknd. The Spokesman Review said "the series is designed for modern-music-minded parents who want to share songs like Paranoid Android with their kids without scarring them for life."
|
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22,
38,
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] |
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