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20231101.en_13206260_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Johnson%20%28American%20politician%29
|
Jack Johnson (American politician)
|
Jack Johnson (born July 25, 1968) is an American politician and a Republican Party member of the Tennessee Senate for the 27th district, which is composed of Williamson County.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206260_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Johnson%20%28American%20politician%29
|
Jack Johnson (American politician)
|
Born in Amarillo, Texas, Johnson graduated from Texas State University with a Bachelor of Science degree in Education. Johnson is married to Deanna Carol Bell Johnson and they have three children. The Johnsons reportedly attend Grace Chapel Church in Franklin.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206260_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Johnson%20%28American%20politician%29
|
Jack Johnson (American politician)
|
Johnson is Vice President of public relations for Takl Inc., which is the company owning a smartphone app reportedly described as being the "“Uber for odd jobs" and as an "on-demand mobile platform that connects self-employed providers with users who need chores and small jobs completed". Johnson received ownership of LFGS, LLC (d.b.a. Leipers Fork Market) from his wife Deanna and Johnson is still reporting LFGS, LLC as both a source of income (along with income from DoorDash and MAFIAoZA'S pizzeria and neighborhood pub) and as an investment on his 2021 Statement of Disclosure of Interests form.
|
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29
] |
20231101.en_13206260_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Johnson%20%28American%20politician%29
|
Jack Johnson (American politician)
|
In March 2006, Johnson was identified as a delegate of the Southern Republican Leadership Conference.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206260_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Johnson%20%28American%20politician%29
|
Jack Johnson (American politician)
|
Jack Johnson was elected to the Tennessee General Assembly Senate in November 2006, after incumbent Jim Bryson had decided to run for governor. He is the Assistant Floor Leader of the Republican Caucus, the Chair of the Joint State & Local Subcommittee of Government Operations, the Secretary of the Senate Transportation Committee, and the Vice Chair of the Joint Education Subcommittee of Government Operations. He serves on the following committees: Senate Government Operations Committee, Senate General Welfare and Human Resources Committee, Joint Select Oversight Committee on Corrections, Joint Transportation Study Committee, Charitable Gaming Oversight Committee, and Study Commission on Methods of Restraint for Special Education Students.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206260_5
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Johnson%20%28American%20politician%29
|
Jack Johnson (American politician)
|
Johnson defended keeping the controversial bust of the Confederate Lt. General and first Ku Klux Klan Grand Wizard Nathan Bedford Forrest prominently displayed on the second floor of the Tennessee General Assembly building in Nashville, voting twice on separate occasions as a member of the State Capitol Commission against relocating the NBF to the nearby Tennessee State Museum for permanent display.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206260_6
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Johnson%20%28American%20politician%29
|
Jack Johnson (American politician)
|
On the National Political Awareness Test, Jack Johnson stated that abortion should be legal when the life of the woman is in danger, clinics should give parental notification before performing abortion on minors, and public funding of abortion and abortion-supporting organizations should be prohibited. He also believes that citizens should be allowed to carry concealed guns, that the state driver's license exam should be given only in English, and that fines should be imposed on employers that knowingly hire illegal immigrants. He indicated that he thought that guaranteed medical care for all citizens is not a state government responsibility.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206260_7
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Johnson%20%28American%20politician%29
|
Jack Johnson (American politician)
|
Johnson's wife, Deanna Bell Johnson, is a 1991 graduate of the Roman Catholic DePaul University College of Law of Chicago, Illinois and was appointed as 21st Judicial District Circuit Court Judge in November 2014 by Tennessee Governor Bill Haslam to fill the office that was vacated when Judge Tim Easter was appointed to the Tennessee Court of Criminal Appeals. Deanna Johnson later won her first countywide election in Williamson County during 2016 and will likely be a candidate for re-election in 2022.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206279_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%20house
|
Kit house
|
Kit houses, also known as mill-cut houses, pre-cut houses, ready-cut houses, mail order homes, or catalog homes, were a type of housing that was popular in the United States, Canada, and elsewhere in the first half of the 20th century. Kit house manufacturers sold houses in many different plans and styles, from simple bungalows to imposing Colonials, and supplied at a fixed price all materials needed for construction of a particular house, but typically excluding brick, concrete, or masonry (such as would be needed for laying a foundation, which the customer would have to arrange to have done locally). Some house styles, like log cabins and geodesic dome homes, are still sometimes sold in kit form.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206279_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%20house
|
Kit house
|
Stick-built, balloon-framed kit houses were built as permanent, not temporary structures, as the manager of the Sears, Roebuck lumber department explained to a United States Senate committee in 1919:
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206279_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%20house
|
Kit house
|
A ready-cut house should not be confused with a sectional-portable house, which can be taken down and moved by being unbolted. A ready-cut house is a permanent house and the method of its construction is not different from any other frame house where the lumber is framed (or cut to its proper length, notched, etc.), by hand by carpenters.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206279_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%20house
|
Kit house
|
Unlike modular homes and prefabricated houses, which are built in sections at a factory, in a kit house every separate piece of framing lumber shipped was already cut to fit its particular place in the house, thus eliminating the need for measuring and cutting, and likewise the waste of time (especially in the days before power tools) and of materials. The framing lumber pieces were labeled with a letter/number combo related to the dimension of wood, and this helped the builder identify where in the house that each piece went, with these identifying labels corresponding to information shown on the blueprints for the house. Thus, kit home manufacturers claimed to save the customer as much as 30 to 40 percent over traditional building methods. This description by researcher Dale Wolicki of kit house manufacture by the Gordon-Van Tine Company was typical of other kit house companies' efforts as well:
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206279_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%20house
|
Kit house
|
All designs were standardized to maximize efficiency and reduce waste in materials and labor. Lumber and hardware were purchased in bulk. The factories had skilled employees and special machines to cut difficult pieces such as rafters and staircases. Lumber was pre-cut to length, guaranteed to fit, ready to nail, and labeled for easy assembly. Floor joists and bridging, sub-flooring, finished flooring, studs, rafters, sheathing, clapboards, shingles, stucco, plaster or drywall, columns, railings, doors and windows, hardware, nails, and paint for two exterior coats were included in the order. Plumbing, electrical, and heating systems were available for an additional charge. Although the lumber and hardware were standardized, the designs were not, and buyers were encouraged to personalize their order. Many models had two or three floor plans, while the exterior could be clapboards, shingles, stucco, or framed for brick. Walls, windows, and doors could be moved, added or eliminated. Porches, sun rooms, flower boxes, trellises, balconies, built-in cabinets, and a variety of door and sash patterns were available at an additional charge.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206279_5
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%20house
|
Kit house
|
Depending on the size and style of the plan, the materials needed to construct a typical house, including perhaps 10,000–30,000 pieces of lumber and other building material, would be shipped by rail, filling one or two railroad boxcars, which would be loaded at the company's mill and sent to the customer's home town, where they would be parked on a siding or in a freight yard for unloading. Once the materials arrived, a customer would arrange for a local carpenter or contractor to assemble the house on a piece of property owned by the customer; or a customer who was handy with tools might assemble all or part of the house himself in several weeks or a few months' time. Although most shipments came by rail, newspaper advertisements in the late 1920s and early 1930s showed Sears offering truck delivery to buyers living within a 35 mile radius of their Newark, New Jersey plant, or their Norwood, Ohio Sash & Door company.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206279_6
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%20house
|
Kit house
|
The resulting houses were indistinguishable in quality and appearance from those built by traditional methods, if not better, yet were often significantly cheaper to build because of the savings on carpenters' and contractors' wages; and the cost of high-quality lumber bought from a large kit house company often was lower than at the local lumber yard. In addition, some companies, including Sears, Montgomery Ward, Gordon-Van Tine, and Harris Brothers, offered cash discounts and generous mortgage terms. For most homeowners, the complete cost of building a kit house was about double the catalog price, allowing for the construction of a foundation and labor costs. The price of land or a city lot on which to build would be another expense.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206279_7
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%20house
|
Kit house
|
In addition to their pre-cut houses, some companies also sold only the house plans (with the homebuyer purchasing all the materials locally) or non-pre-cut versions of their houses (at a lower price), leaving it up to the buyer to arrange for construction and carpentry work. According to the Sears Archives, "Sears actually encouraged builders of Modern Homes to save money by ordering their lumber from local lumber mills. Sears wanted Modern Homes to be cost-effective for buyers, which often meant purchasing materials locally and not from the few and geographically distant Sears lumber mills."
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206279_8
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%20house
|
Kit house
|
Furthermore, some companies would provide reversed versions of their homes or make other modifications upon request. For example,
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206279_9
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%20house
|
Kit house
|
Sears was ... a very able follower of popular home designs but with the added advantage of modifying houses and hardware according to buyer tastes. Individuals could even design their own homes and submit the blueprints to Sears, which would then ship off the appropriate precut and fitted materials, putting the home owner in full creative control.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206279_10
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%20house
|
Kit house
|
In addition, with some companies, homebuyers could choose the quality of materials. Gordon-Van Tine offered discounts for customers who chose lesser-quality siding, roofing, doors, windows, and trim. Sears offered "Honor Bilt" homes, with the finest quality materials, as well as "Standard Built" homes that were "best for warmer climates, meaning they did not retain heat very well," and "Simplex Sectionals," made from prefabricated panels that could be bolted together, intended for use as temporary structures or summer homes.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206279_11
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%20house
|
Kit house
|
Kit houses were promoted through catalogs available at lumber yards and hardware stores, through the mail-order catalogs published by large retailers like Sears and Wards, and through advertisements in popular magazines and newspapers in those cities where kit home manufacturers had local sales offices. Dale Wolicki lists Saturday Evening Post, National Geographic, and Good Housekeeping as examples of nationwide magazines where Gordon-VanTine advertised. Prospective customers could arrange to inspect kit houses in their vicinity or visit a company's factory to tour model homes.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206279_12
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%20house
|
Kit house
|
The ease of construction and cost savings of kit houses appealed to many would-be homeowners across the economic spectrum, from blue-collar workers to the affluent. For example, in 1928 Walt Disney and his brother Roy built two kit houses made by Pacific Ready Cut Homes on lots they owned in the Silver Lake neighborhood of Los Angeles.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206279_13
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%20house
|
Kit house
|
The popularity of kit houses was attested in a roundabout way in the 1920 silent comedy One Week starring Buster Keaton, which shows Keaton constructing a build-it-yourself house that turns out all wrong.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206279_14
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%20house
|
Kit house
|
A number of companies offered kit houses, and sometimes also offered rudimentary "industrial" and summer cottages lacking bathrooms, as well as garages, duplexes, apartment buildings, barns and other farm buildings, and even outhouses.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206279_15
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%20house
|
Kit house
|
Canadian Aladdin Co. Ltd. – a branch plant, of the Michigan-based Aladdin Homes, the largest kit home seller in Canada, its Canadian headquarters were located in the Canadian Pacific Building, in Toronto. They operated across the whole of Canada, from 1905 to 1952. They were truly pre-cut, and need very little skill to assemble. They also featured high-quality lumber, and the company offered a refund of $1 for each knot found in a kit.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206279_16
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%20house
|
Kit house
|
The T. Eaton Co. Ltd. – by far the most important mail-order general retailer in Canada in the early twentieth century, it was also a provider of house kits from 1910 to 1932. They were only available in Western Canada, not in Ontario or the East. Eaton's sold at least 40 different house plans, but the most common type was the -storey, sometimes referred to as the semi-bungalow. In the 1919 and 1920 catalogues, all Eaton's houses were given a name starting in "Ea", thus, the Eatoncourt, Eastbourne, Easton, Eager, Earlswood, and Earlscourt. Although Eaton's houses were sold as kits, they were not pre-cut.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206279_17
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%20house
|
Kit house
|
Other smaller providers of mail-order kits included The B.C. Mills Timber and Trading Co., United Grain Growers, the University of Saskatchewan, and the Manitoba Agricultural College.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206279_18
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%20house
|
Kit house
|
Over 100,000 kit homes were built in the United States between 1908 and 1940. Companies offering kit houses during all or part of their corporate existence included:
|
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18
] |
20231101.en_13206279_19
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%20house
|
Kit house
|
Gordon-Van Tine Homes, Davenport, Iowa, with additional plants in St. Louis, Missouri; Chehalis, Washington; Louisiana; and Hattiesburg, Mississippi – 1907 to 1947
|
[
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] |
20231101.en_13206279_20
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%20house
|
Kit house
|
Wardway Homes, Montgomery Ward, Chicago, Illinois – 1910 to 1931 (actual manufacture of homes was subcontracted to Gordon-Van Tine)
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206279_21
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%20house
|
Kit house
|
Kit house companies left the business for various economic reasons before, during, and after the Great Depression; some went bankrupt, while others returned to their original function as suppliers of building materials. According to researcher Wolicki:
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206279_22
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%20house
|
Kit house
|
Contrary to popular belief Montgomery-Ward and Sears Roebuck did not discontinue their pre-cut housing departments because of customers who defaulted on their mortgages. The New Deal programs introduced by the Roosevelt administration encouraged homeowners to refinance existing mortgages at a lower rate through programs established by the Federal Housing Administration. Throughout 1934 and 1935, customers paid off their home mortgages with Sears and Montgomery Ward. Without the profitable mortgage program Montgomery Ward decided to discontinue its offerings of pre-cut houses and building materials entirely. Sears, Roebuck continued to sell pre-cut houses but scaled back their operations significantly.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206279_23
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%20house
|
Kit house
|
Some kit house companies continued after World War II, but most homebuyers flocked to the new, inexpensive tract house subdivisions springing up across the country.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206279_24
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%20house
|
Kit house
|
Although none of the traditional kit house companies are still in business, pre-cut log home and geodesic dome kits are offered by a number of manufacturers. Lindal Cedar Homes, a kit house company established in 1945 and headquartered in Seattle, Washington, continues to sell its pre-cut exterior materials home packages internationally through a network of independent distributors. And beginning in 2006, for a few years Lowe's supplied plans and materials (not pre-cut) for small stick-built homes called Katrina Cottages, with walls designed to withstand 140 mile-per-hour (223 kilometer-per-hour) winds, intended to provide temporary housing for Gulf Coast residents who had lost their homes to Hurricane Katrina. Initially offered through Lowe's stores in Mississippi and Louisiana, in 2008 Lowe's began offering the cottages at all of its stores nationwide. However, although initially "hailed as the new Sears & Roebuck house," the program faced strong opposition from local governments in the Gulf Coast region who feared the cottages would lower property values, and by mid-2011, Lowe's had discontinued its product line.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206279_25
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%20house
|
Kit house
|
The Municipal District of Acadia, Alberta, has published a map of a self-guided driving tour of local catalogue houses.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206279_26
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%20house
|
Kit house
|
Schweitzer, Robert, and W. R. Davis. America's Favorite Homes: Mail-Order Catalogues as a Guide to Popular Early 20th-Century Houses. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1990. (Google Books preview here.)
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206279_27
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%20house
|
Kit house
|
Stevenson, Katherine Cole, and H. Ward Jandl. Houses by Mail: A Guide to Houses from Sears, Roebuck and Company. Washington, D. C.: Preservation Press, 1986.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206279_28
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%20house
|
Kit house
|
Thornton, Rosemary, and Dale Wolicki. Montgomery Ward's Mail-Order Homes; A History and Field Guide to Wardway Homes. Gentle Beam Publications, 2010.
|
[
-34,
38,
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] |
20231101.en_13206301_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windle%2C%20St%20Helens
|
Windle, St Helens
|
Windle is a suburb of St Helens, civil parish and ward of the metropolitan borough of the same name. The population of Windle was given as 10,690 at the 2011 Census. It was one of the original four townships alongside Eccleston, Parr and Sutton formed that merged to become St Helens. The name derives from Windy Hill.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206301_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windle%2C%20St%20Helens
|
Windle, St Helens
|
Within the boundaries of the historic county of Lancashire, Windhull, 1201, (and common; Wyndhill, 1320; Wyndhyll, Wyndill, Wyndell, Wyndle, 16th century) a Manor originally fell under the fee of the Warrington Barons until at least 1585. The first Baron is listed as Pain de Vilers. Vilers was disenfranchised by William de Ferrers the Earl of Derby to the benefit of William le Boteler from Warrington. The Manor was subject to contesting claims by the Vilers to no avail. Portions of Windle over the next three hundred years were divided between the families local gentry Peter de Burnhull, Alan de Windle III and Thurstan de Holand The de Burnhull family married into the Gerard family from nearby Kingsley in Cheshire who were the eventual inheritors of the land and title.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206301_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windle%2C%20St%20Helens
|
Windle, St Helens
|
The present Windle Hall was built in 1782 and leased to Dr William Pilkington (whose sons founded the glassmaking firm) in 1795. The Pilkington family continued to live there until the death of Lady Mavis Pilkington in 1998.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206301_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windle%2C%20St%20Helens
|
Windle, St Helens
|
Other significant families were the Colleys (or Cowleys), Hindley and Urmstons. The families of Harflynch and Eccles appear in the 16th century; and others of the neighbourhood, like the Byroms, Parrs, and Woodfalls, were also owners of land. Adam Martindale, a puritan divine, born near Mossbank in 1623, recorded daily life and events of the area in his diaries, describing the chapelry and family interactions.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206301_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windle%2C%20St%20Helens
|
Windle, St Helens
|
18th-century Windle was originally constituted by the villages and areas of Cowley Hill, Gerards Bridge, Hardshaw, Islands Brow, Laffak, Moss Bank, Pocket Nook, Windle Ashes and Windle Smithy. Hardshaw (or antiquated Hardsheigh), described as a Berewick in the Domesday Book was the site of The Chapel of St Elyn in Chapel Lane. The modern town of St Helens was formed around the Chapel of St Elyn that was located within the Hardshaw berewick since at least the 16th century.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206301_5
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windle%2C%20St%20Helens
|
Windle, St Helens
|
Windleshaw Chantry is the oldest structure in St. Helens. It was built in 1435 by Sir Thomas Gerard, following his return from the Battle of Agincourt around 1415 Windleshaw Chantry receives a mention in literature in the poetical illustration Windleshaw Abbey by Letitia Elizabeth Landon, to an engraving of a painting by G. Pickering, published in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1835.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206301_6
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windle%2C%20St%20Helens
|
Windle, St Helens
|
Until 1834 Windle was part of the ancient West Derby hundred before becoming part of the district of the Prescot Parish and Poor Law Union (as was much of St Helens). In 1834 St Helens was established as a Sub District before becoming a charter borough in 1868.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206301_7
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windle%2C%20St%20Helens
|
Windle, St Helens
|
The Windle Parish was reduced as an official body in 1894 to allow for the creation of the St Helens Civil Parish. In 1934 it was again reduced. Windle falls under the remit of the unitary authority of St Helens Council, while Windle Parish Council retains authority for some local matters within the community.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206301_8
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windle%2C%20St%20Helens
|
Windle, St Helens
|
The main access route that links Windle to St Helens town centre is the A570 (Rainford Road), the area also being within walking distance of the A580 (East Lancashire Road), that links Liverpool and Manchester. The A580 is renowned for its traffic problems particularly at the Windle Island junction, where during rush hour traffic congestion can be expected. It has also been the site of numerous car accidents.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206301_9
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windle%2C%20St%20Helens
|
Windle, St Helens
|
The area has two leisure centres in the suburb of Dentons Green, Queens Park and Ruskin. The Queens Park complex contains facilities for swimming, keep fit, bowling, tennis, basketball, rugby and football. Ruskin has a gym and swim pool, cricket, rounders, football and rugby fields, as well as function and business suites.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206301_10
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windle%2C%20St%20Helens
|
Windle, St Helens
|
St Helens Recreation Cricket Club, aka St Helens Recs, is based in Ruskin Drive, formerly Pilkington's Sports Ground.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206304_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linzor
|
Linzor
|
Volcán Linzor is a stratovolcano on the border between Bolivia and Chile. In its vicinity lie Laguna Colorada and Cerro del León.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206304_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linzor
|
Linzor
|
Since the late Oligocene, subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South America Plate has caused volcanism on the western edge of South America, including the formation of the Central Volcanic Zone. The crust in the Central Andes contains both an upper felsic layer and a lower mafic layer and was partly assembled from numerous terranes during the Mesoproterozoic. The most important two form the Arequipa-Antofalla crustal domain.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206304_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linzor
|
Linzor
|
Linzor volcano is part of the Central Volcanic Zone. The Andean Central Volcanic Zone has erupted large ignimbrites and lava flows. Dominant rocks are andesite and dacite. One part of the Central Volcanic Zone is the Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex, a system of ignimbrite sheets and lava domes that was active between 8.4 and 2.9 million years ago and is underpinned by a layer of partially molten crust. In the Linzor area, volcanism is represented by the 8.3 million years old Sifon ignimbrite, Cerro Chillahuita and Cerro Chao.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206304_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linzor
|
Linzor
|
Linzor and other volcanoes in the neighbourhood are constructed by breccia, lava domes, lava flows, pyroclastic flows and breccia. The volcanoes are formed by basaltic andesite, andesite and dacite. Pyroxene andesite is the dominant component. The volcanoes are constructed on top of Miocene ignimbrites and are of Pleistocene-Holocene age. An Inca sanctuary has been found on Linzor.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206304_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linzor
|
Linzor
|
Linzor is part of a north-south trending volcanic chain with San Pedro volcano which was heavily glaciated in the past. This chain is parallel to several Paleozoic faults in the region. The Rio Toconce, a tributary of the Rio Salado and ultimately of the Loa River, originates at the foot of Linzor.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206325_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rino%20Marchesi
|
Rino Marchesi
|
Rino Marchesi (; born 11 June 1937) is a former Italian football midfielder and manager from San Giuliano Milanese.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206325_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rino%20Marchesi
|
Rino Marchesi
|
After beginning his career with Fanfulla for a season in 1955, over the course of his playing career, Marchesi played for five Italian club sides, spending the most of his time with Atalanta, Fiorentina and Lazio, winning several titles. He ended his career after two seasons with Prato, in 1973.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206325_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rino%20Marchesi
|
Rino Marchesi
|
While with Fiorentina, Marchesi appeared for the Italy twice, making his international debut in a 4–1 victory over Argentina on 15 June 1961.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206325_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rino%20Marchesi
|
Rino Marchesi
|
Following his retirement, Marchesi pursued a career as a manager, coaching several clubs, including Mantova and Ternana, then he guided Avellino to maintain its rank in Serie A in the 1978–79 season, and the following season. He most notably coached Napoli (1980–82; 1983–85), Internazionale (1982–83), Como (1985–86; 1988–89) Juventus (1986–88), and Udinese (1989–91). During his managerial career, he had the opportunity to coach both Diego Maradona while with Napoli, and Michel Platini with Juventus, two of the greatest attacking midfielders of all time; however he also had the misfortune of replacing legendary Juventus coach Giovanni Trapattoni at the conclusion of one of the most successful periods in the club's history, failing to replicate similar success during his two seasons with the club.
|
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-25,
16,
-18
] |
20231101.en_13206338_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20subfamily
|
Protein subfamily
|
Protein subfamily is a level of protein classification, based on their close evolutionary relationship. It is below the larger levels of protein superfamily and protein family.
|
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22,
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20,
-16,
74,
-7,
4
] |
20231101.en_13206338_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20subfamily
|
Protein subfamily
|
Proteins typically share greater sequence and function similarities with other subfamily members than they do with members of their wider family. For example, in the Structural Classification of Proteins database classification system, members of a subfamily share the same interaction interfaces and interaction partners. These are stricter criteria than for a family, where members have similar structures, but may be more distantly related and so have different interfaces. Subfamilies are assigned by a variety of methods, including sequence similarity, motifs linked to function, or phylogenetic clade. There is no exact and consistent distinction between a subfamily and a family. The same group of proteins may sometimes be described as a family or a subfamily, depending on the context.
|
[
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15,
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36,
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] |
20231101.en_13206381_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
USS Vireo (AM-52) was a U.S. Navy , No. 52, reclassified on 1 June 1942 as a fleet tug. The bulk of her combat career was served in this capacity.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206381_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
She was laid down on 20 November 1918 by the Philadelphia Navy Yard; launched on 26 May 1919; sponsored by Mrs. E. S. Robert; and commissioned on 16 October 1919.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206381_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
Vireo was assigned to the Train, Atlantic Fleet, and operated along the U.S. East Coast until departing Norfolk, Virginia, on 8 January 1920 to join the Fleet for its annual winter maneuvers in Cuban waters. She arrived back in Norfolk on 28 April and was reclassified AM-52 on 17 July 1920.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206381_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
In the following years, while some of her sisterships were decommissioned and laid up in reserve, Vireo continued in active service with the Fleet. From 1920 to 1932, she served off the U.S. East Coast engaged in towing targets; transporting men, mail, and materiel; repairing buoys and beacons; and operating with the Atlantic and Scouting Fleets.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206381_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
In July 1921, she towed several former German warships to sea off the Virginia Capes, where they were sunk by aircraft in attempts to prove that capital ships were vulnerable to attack from the air. Between December 1930 and March 1931, Vireo served as plane guard for aircraft engaged in supporting the Nicaraguan-Puerto Rican aerial survey.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206381_5
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
Late in 1931, Vireo received orders assigning her to the U.S. Pacific Fleet and duty with the Train, Base Force. Departing Norfolk on 2 January 1932, Vireo steamed—via Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, and the Panama Canal—to the U.S. West Coast, arriving at San Pedro, California, on 6 March. Attached to the Pacific Fleet's Train, the minesweeper continued her Fleet support duties and ranged the Pacific from the California coast to Panama and the Hawaiian Islands.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206381_6
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
With the emergence of an intransigent Japan and a tense Far Eastern situation, the focus of American Fleet operations shifted westward to Hawaii; and Vireo departed San Francisco, California, on 10 November 1940, bound for Pearl Harbor. Soon after reaching Hawaiian waters, she commenced operations out of Pearl Harbor, towing target rafts, conducting minesweeping exercises, and performing towing service to some of the outlying islands of the Hawaiian group, including Palmyra Island and Johnston Island.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206381_7
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
From 5 September to 7 October 1941, Vireo underwent a navy yard overhaul at the Mare Island Navy Yard before heading westward once again. On 7 December 1941, Vireo lay in a nest of her sisterships at the coal docks at Pearl Harbor, which included , , and . Shortly before 0800 that morning, Japanese aircraft roared overhead. The marauders swept over the Fleet's base and devastated not only Pearl Harbor, but outlying Army and Navy installations all over the island of Oahu.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206381_8
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
In upkeep status, with her engines dismantled, Vireo nevertheless speedily entered the fight. While her gunners topside fought their mounts coolly and efficiently, the "black gang" below decks assembled the ship's engines and fired up the boilers to get underway. Her 3-inch guns expended some 22 rounds, and the men at her number 2 mount rejoiced when one of their shells exploded directly in the path of a Japanese bomber, causing the Japanese plane to crash in a ball of fire.
|
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3
] |
20231101.en_13206381_9
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
Vireo and some of her sister sweepers at Pearl Harbor received orders to assist the stricken , sinking into the oil-stained ooze at berth F-3, off Ford Island.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206381_10
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
While engaged in salvage operations alongside California, through January 1942, Vireo also served briefly as a tender to . The minesweeper carried ammunition to replenish "Big E's" depleted magazines and prepare that ship for future forays against the Japanese empire.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206381_11
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
After conducting minesweeping operations in the Pearl Harbor channel and other Hawaiian waters, Vireo underwent upkeep at Pearl Harbor between 10 and 13 February 1942. Following local operations near Honolulu and Pearl Harbor, she made brief runs to Johnston Island and the port of Hilo.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206381_12
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
In April and May 1942, after another brief stretch around Pearl Harbor, Vireo conducted local patrols out of Hilo, sometimes in company with to conduct magnetic, acoustic, and mechanical minesweeping operations; and to patrol harbors with her echo-ranging and listening gear. From 23 to 24 April, Vireo, in company with Crossbill and , conducted a search for survivors of a downed Army plane off Pepeekeo Point, near Hilo, and found one body before she abandoned the task.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206381_13
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
On 28 May 1942, under secret orders, Vireo and gasoline tanker departed Honolulu and headed for Midway Island. During the voyage, Vireo was reclassified as an ocean-going tug and redesignated AT-144 on 1 June 1942. While Vireo and her charge crept toward Midway at nine knots, two battle fleets steamed toward each other on a collision course. The American and Japanese Navies were squaring off for the decisive Battle of Midway.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206381_14
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
Vireo and Kaloli hove to in Midway harbor on 3 June, amidst preparations there for defense of the island. Soon after the two American ships arrived, they received orders to proceed to a point 30 miles off Pearl and Hermes Reef, where they were to await further orders. Underway by 1910, Vireo and the gasoline tanker soon arrived at their assigned stations and lay to.
|
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8
] |
20231101.en_13206381_15
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
Air action the following day, 4 June 1942, was intense. Japanese carriers Akagi, Kaga, Soryu, and Hiryu were all crippled and sunk by American planes. However, American carrier became the unfortunate victim of Japanese dive and torpedo bombers which heavily damaged the carrier, stopping her dead in the water, and forcing a severe list.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206381_16
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
Lest the ship capsize before the crew could be removed, Capt. Elliott Buckmaster ordered Yorktown abandoned. When Yorktown stopped settling, Buckmaster concluded that the ship could possibly be saved. Accordingly, Vireo received a summons to take Yorktown in tow. The tug arrived on the scene by 1135 on 5 June and closed and maneuvered to pass Yorktown a towline, accomplishing this by 1308. Vireo and her unwieldy charge then labored painfully ahead, at a speed of under 3 knots, with a protective brood of destroyers standing by.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206381_17
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
Vireo, hampered by a small rudder and inadequate engines for such a large tow, found herself confronted with the Herculean task of keeping the big carrier pointed into the wind and on course. The next day, secured alongside Yorktown to assist the salvage parties on the larger ship working to correct her trim and to repair her battle damage.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206381_18
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
Around 1400 on 6 June, Japanese submarine I-168 fired torpedoes at the nearly helpless targets. Hammann, mortally hit, broke in two and sank alongside the towering carrier, which also took two torpedoes. As the destroyer sank, her depth charges all went off at once, causing tremendous shock waves which convulsed swimmers in the water and violently wrenched the old tug. Vireo freed herself from the carrier by cutting the towing cable with an acetylene torch and then doubled back to commence rescue operations.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206381_19
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
Up her sides clambered carriermen and destroyermen alike, while she maneuvered near the carrier's canting stern to take on board members of the salvage party who had chosen to abandon the carrier from there. She then proceeded to secure alongside the wounded flattop in the exact spot where Hammann had met her doom. Yorktown rolled heavily, her heavy steel hide pounding the lighter former minecraft's hull with a vengeance as the ships touched time and time again during the rescue operations. This mission completed, battered Vireo stood away from the sinking carrier, which sank shortly after dawn on the 7th.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206381_20
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
Vireo's troubles, however, had only begun. Underwater explosions from Hammann's depth charges had severely jostled the tug's rudder. As a result, it jammed as Vireo was entering the shipping channel at Midway harbor on 8 June, and she ran aground on a coral head, carrying away her echo-ranging gear and flooding her sound room. Repeated attempts to free herself only resulted in another grounding, so Vireo lay-to and called for a tow.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206381_21
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
After arriving at Midway Island at the end of a towline from YMT-12, following another brush with a coral head which irreparably damaged the rudder, Vireo soon got underway for Pearl Harbor, this time behind . Reaching Hawaiian waters on 17 June, she entered the navy yard at Pearl Harbor for emergency repairs which lasted from 18 to 30 June. Following this, she remained at the Pearl Harbor yard for a complete overhaul and drydocking.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206381_22
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
Having concluded the refitting by 19 August, Vireo conducted post-repair trials before turning in all her mine gear on 25 August. Two days later, she got underway to escort SS Gulf Queen to the Fiji Islands, towing two barges. Upon her arrival at Suva on 11 September, the tug refueled, provisioned, and carried out minor repairs before heading for New Caledonia on 15 September. After arriving at Noumea five days later, on 20 September 1942, she commenced harbor operations under the control of Commander, Amphibious Forces, South Pacific (AmphibForSoPac). In accordance with verbal orders from ComAmphibForSoPac, Vireo's crew set about making camouflage nets and painting the ship green in preparation for her next assignment.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206381_23
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
Arriving at Espiritu Santo on 8 October, she awaited further orders, spending four days at this port in the New Hebrides before setting out for the Guadalcanal area on 12 October, to take part in resupply operations for the U.S. Marines at Henderson Field.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206381_24
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
Since the initial landings on Guadalcanal on 7 August 1942, the campaign had been fought tooth and nail. Fierce land and sea battles had characterized the fighting since the early going. By this juncture, American aviation operations on Henderson Field had been so endangered by shellings, bad weather, and inadequate supplies, that the American situation was extreme.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206381_25
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
With American aircraft using up gasoline at an alarming rate, that commodity ranked high on the list of priority supplies. Accordingly, a barge-towing operation was mounted in mid-October to ease the critical fuel situation on Guadalcanal.
|
[
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] |
20231101.en_13206381_26
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
The force to carry out this operation comprised , , , , , and Vireo, each pulling a barge carrying barrels of gasoline and quarter-ton bombs. Setting out from Espiritu Santo, the highly volatile convoy was spotted by Japanese aircraft on 15 October. All but Vireo and Meredith beat a hasty retreat.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206381_27
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
Cautiously proceeding, the pair beat off a two-plane Japanese attack before they received word that Japanese surface ships were in the area. Only then did they reverse course. At noon, Meredith ordered old, slow, and vulnerable Vireo abandoned and took off her crew. Meredith then stood off to torpedo the tug at 1215 so that she would not fall into enemy hands intact. Suddenly, a whirlwind of destruction swept down from the sky and descended upon the destroyer. Like hawks, 38 planes from the Japanese carrier Zuikaku pounced on Meredith and deluged her with bombs, torpedoes, and bullets, sinking her in about 15 minutes.
|
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19
] |
20231101.en_13206381_28
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
Vireo and the two gasoline barges, however, drifted to leeward, untouched. One life raft, crammed with some of Meredith's survivors, succeeded in intercepting the derelict tug and the men gratefully scrambled aboard. The barges and the tug were later found intact by a PBY naval scout plane which rescued six of the Meredith's crew. When a salvage party boarded Vireo on 21 October, the ship was dead in the water with no lights, no steam, and no power. After abortive attempts to light fires under the boilers, using wood, the tug had to be taken under tow by . In company with Grayson and , Vireo arrived safely at Espiritu Santo on 23 October.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206381_29
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
With a new crew—the majority of her old complement lost in the ordeal with Meredith—she continued to operate in the Guadalcanal area with Task Force 62. She conducted resupply operations to Guadalcanal, towing barges loaded with precious gasoline and bombs and carrying out local escort for other, larger ships, engaged in the same vital duties.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206381_30
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
On 3 December, in company with and towing PT boats, she departed Nouméa and proceeded to Australia. Arriving at Cairns on 9 December, she spent the remainder of the year there, enjoying Christmas and New Year's Day in Australian waters before heading back to the combat area, arriving at Espiritu Santo on 9 January.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206381_31
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
Operating out of the New Hebrides in early January, she assisted cruisers and as they underwent repairs following damage received at Tassafaronga. Towing barges and firing target bursts for destroyers during gunnery practice off Guadalcanal, the tug continued her operations as before, between that island and Espiritu Santo and Nouméa. It was dull and monotonous duty but necessary and vital, nonetheless.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206381_32
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
In April 1943, as American forces advanced on the "island-hopping", "leap-frogging" campaigns against the Japanese in the South Pacific, Japanese Admiral Yamamoto initiated operation "I." Yamamoto aimed this stroke at Papua, in the hope of compensating for the loss of Guadalcanal, by destroying the American advance base there and thus slowing or stopping the Allied advance. The new Japanese thrust began on 7 April when large formations of Japanese planes swept down from Rabaul to attack American shipping in Lunga Roads between Guadalcanal and Tulagi.
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] |
20231101.en_13206381_33
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
Among these ships, there lay Vireo, engaged in her usual harbor activities. Pathfinder was engaged in taking soundings; also near were and SC-521. Shortly before the attack came, passed by, escorting LST-U9. Three Japanese dive bombers swooped down out of the sun and severely damaged the destroyer with their lethal loads. Ortolan and Vireo took the crippled Aaron Ward under tow, but the destroyer sank three miles short of Tulagi.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206381_34
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
As the New Georgia campaign got underway and American forces advanced further up the chain of islands in the southwest Pacific, Vireo continued her operations out of Tulagi, Espiritu Santo, or Nouméa. In the pre-dawn darkness of 13 July, the Battle of Kula Gulf was fought between Japanese and American surface forces, the latter augmented by New Zealand cruiser Leander. In the action which followed, , , and Leander were damaged. Later that day, Vireo, in company with set out to assist in getting the cripples home and towed Honolulu to haven at government wharf, Tulagi, where temporary repairs to the cruiser's bow were made.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206381_35
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
For the remainder of 1943 and on into 1944, Vireo followed the Fleet as it inched closer to Japan. In the rearward island areas, she continued her duties as a harbor tug and local escort vessel. On 15 May 1944, Vireo was reclassified as an ocean-going tug, old, and redesignated ATO-144.
|
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2
] |
20231101.en_13206381_36
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
In late July, American forces struck in northwestern New Guinea at Cape Sansapor. Vireo took part in these operations from 30 July to 2 August, engaged in the vital support activities necessary to support the successful landings.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206381_37
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
After service in the South Pacific Ocean, the old tug moved northward with the invasion armada to liberate the Philippine Islands from the Japanese. On 18 October 1944, American troops stormed ashore on Leyte, keeping General Mac Arthur's promise to return to Philippine soil. Vireo operated in support of these landings into December. She departed Morotai on the 10th, bound for Biak. From there, she proceeded to Leyte, engaged in towing duties.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206381_38
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
Next—after touching at Hollandia, Manus, and Biak—she took part in the Okinawa operations in April and May 1945. Returning to Morotai, she engaged in towing operations again, this time to Tacloban on the island of Leyte, departing there on 25 May for Subic Bay. For the remainder of the war, she operated between the Philippine Islands and New Guinea, as American forces continued to sweep northward towards the Japanese home islands.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206381_39
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
On 20 December 1945, after immediate postwar towing operations at Manila, Luzon, and Samar, she departed Philippine waters on 20 December 1945, in company with and , and headed for the Marshalls.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13206381_40
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Vireo%20%28AM-52%29
|
USS Vireo (AM-52)
|
Following a brief stay at Eniwetok, Vireo got underway on 4 January 1946 and proceeded via Pearl Harbor to the west coast. She arrived at San Francisco, California, on 5 February and reported to the Commandant, 12th Naval District, for disposition.
|
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] |
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