query stringlengths 11 129 | positives listlengths 1 12 | negatives listlengths 0 14 |
|---|---|---|
When was quantum field theory developed? | [
{
"docid": "2078963#10",
"text": "The third thread in the development of quantum field theory was the need to handle the statistics of many-particle systems consistently and with ease. In 1927, Pascual Jordan tried to extend the canonical quantization of fields to the many-body wave functions of identical p... | [
{
"docid": "25267#2",
"text": "As a successful theoretical framework today, quantum field theory emerged from the work of generations of theoretical physicists spanning much of the 20th century. Its development began in the 1920s with the description of interactions between light and electrons, culminating ... |
How long does a philosophy degree take? | [
{
"docid": "167241#115",
"text": "Doctoral degrees or doctorates, such as the Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD or DPhil) or Doctor of Education (EdD or DEd) are awarded following a programme of original research that contributes new knowledge within the context of the student's discipline. Doctoral degrees ... | [
{
"docid": "21031297#56",
"text": "Students pursuing the Ph.D. degree must first complete a master's degree program, which takes two years after graduation with a bachelor's degree (five years in total). The candidate must find funding and a formal doctoral advisor (Directeur de thèse) with a habilitation t... |
Was there a year 0? | [
{
"docid": "2551#4",
"text": "Cassini gave the following reasons for using a year 0:\nFred Espanak of NASA lists 50 phases of the moon within year 0, showing that it is a full year, not an instant in time. Jean Meeus gives the following explanation:\nAlthough he used the usual French terms \"avant J.-C.\" (... | [
{
"docid": "28025488#0",
"text": "ㅅ is one of the Korean hangul. The Unicode for ㅅ is U+3137.",
"title": "ㅅ"
},
{
"docid": "3150038#14",
"text": "Games Def Interceptions Fumbles Sacks & Tackles \nYear Age Tm Pos No. G GS Int Yds TD Lng PD FF Fmb FR Yds TD Sk Tkl Ast Sfty AV\n2004 23 NWE ss 4... |
Can you prevent traumatic brain injury? | [
{
"docid": "18006283#14",
"text": "Faculty provides care for thousands suffering from mild to traumatic brain injuries. The concussion clinic at Medstar NRH focuses primarily on this form of brain injury and is regarded as one of the best in the country according to U.S. News & World Report. 75 percent of a... | [
{
"docid": "304588#27",
"text": "The treatment for emergency traumatic brain injuries focuses on assuring the person has enough oxygen from the brain blood supply, and on maintaining normal blood pressure to avoid further injuries of the head or neck. The person may need surgery to remove clotted blood or r... |
When is the dialectical method used? | [
{
"docid": "16028377#0",
"text": "The Dialect Test was created by A.J. Ellis in February 1879, and was used in the fieldwork for his work \"On Early English Pronunciation\". It stands as one of the earliest methods of identifying vowel sounds and features of speech. The aim was to capture the main vowel sou... | [
{
"docid": "37780131#9",
"text": "The little arrow method is an early method for comparing regional dialects. In the little arrows method, researchers begin with a general map of a region, often with traditional linguistic dialect boundaries indicated for reference. Then, informants from several sites are a... |
Have the Colorado Rockies won a title? | [
{
"docid": "20243618#0",
"text": "The Colorado Rockies are a professional baseball team based in Denver, Colorado. The club has been owned since formation by Charles and Richard Monfort. The Rockies were created as an expansion team for the 1993 season and rose to a postseason appearance after three seasons... | [
{
"docid": "19824141#0",
"text": "The Colorado Rockies' 2009 season is a season in American baseball, in which the Rockies won their third Wild Card title, and second in three years. The Rockies drew 2,665,080 fans for the season, their highest total since 2002. The average home attendance was 32,902 fans. ... |
Who invented Hangul? | [
{
"docid": "430052#15",
"text": "Hangul, a phonemic Korean alphabet invented around 1446 by scholars in the court of Sejong the Great, was little used for several centuries because of the perceived cultural superiority of Classical Chinese (a position similar to that of Latin in Europe). However, the Cathol... | [
{
"docid": "2061049#34",
"text": "The primary written language of Sungkyunkwan was hanja. Although hangul was invented in 1443, it did not become the primary language of study because the literary elite believed that the difficult hanja was more sophisticated. Hangul was invented to solve the widespread ill... |
What do Grasshoppers eat? | [
{
"docid": "1021764#34",
"text": "Grasshoppers eat large quantities of foliage both as adults and during their development, and can be serious pests of arid land and prairies. Pasture, grain, forage, vegetable and other crops can be affected. Grasshoppers often bask in the sun, and thrive in warm sunny cond... | [
{
"docid": "12560590#4",
"text": "In 1911, Abraham Isaac Kook, the chief rabbi of Ottoman Palestine, addressed a question to the rabbinic Court at Sana'a concerning their custom of eating grasshoppers, and whether this custom was observed by observing their outward features, or by simply relying upon an ora... |
When was Guitar Hero Live first released? | [
{
"docid": "9432075#4",
"text": "In 2015, Activision announced the first new title to the series in 5 years, \"Guitar Hero Live\", released in October 2015. The title is considered a reboot of the series, with development being performed by FreeStyleGames, who had developed the \"DJ Hero\" games previously.... | [
{
"docid": "46408645#32",
"text": "In an earnings report shortly following the game's release, Activision stated that \"Guitar Hero Live\" was outselling their previous two \"Guitar Hero\" games, \"\" and \"Guitar Hero 5\", though did not report exact sales numbers. In their quarterly earnings results prese... |
When were bluebonnets named the state flower of Texas? | [
{
"docid": "30876840#0",
"text": "Bluebonnet is a name given to any number of blue-flowered species of the genus \"Lupinus\" predominantly found in southwestern United States and is collectively the state flower of Texas. The shape of the petals on the flower resembles the bonnet worn by pioneer women to sh... | [
{
"docid": "57924291#3",
"text": "The plant was operated by the National Gypsum Company but overseen by the military and was one of the four Ordnance plants in the United States during World War II. The army engineers were in charge of all plant construction while the Gypsum personnel and others worked out ... |
Who created the series Clannad? | [
{
"docid": "12962104#0",
"text": "The \"Clannad\" animated television series is based on the visual novel \"Clannad\" by the Japanese visual novel brand Key. The episodes, produced by the animation studio Kyoto Animation, are directed by Tatsuya Ishihara, written by Fumihiko Shimo, and features character de... | [
{
"docid": "202547#11",
"text": "After \"Magical Ring\", Clannad were commissioned to score the 26-episode drama series \"Robin of Sherwood\", aired from 1984 to 1986. They once again began to stretch themselves, creating music for a range of characters and events. For the first time in the career, the albu... |
When was the Battle of Suoi Chau Pha fought? | [
{
"docid": "28633525#0",
"text": "The Battle of Suoi Chau Pha (6 August 1967) was fought during the Vietnam War between Australian troops and the Viet Cong. The battle took place during Operation Ballarat, an Australian search and destroy operation in the eastern Hat Dich area, north-west of Nui Dat in Phuo... | [
{
"docid": "28633525#17",
"text": "On the basis of documents captured by the Australians during the battle the Viet Cong were identified as being from C12 Company, 3rd Battalion, 274th Regiment, probably assisted by the battalion Reconnaissance Platoon and a number of local force guides. It was assessed tha... |
How old was Cho Namchul when he died? | [
{
"docid": "3966377#0",
"text": "Cho Namchul (November 30, 1923 - July 2, 2006, alternately Cho Namcheol) was a professional Go player (Baduk in Korean). He died of natural causes in Seoul at the age of 83.",
"title": "Cho Nam-chul"
}
] | [
{
"docid": "3534769#1",
"text": "His grandfather taught him Go when he was young. Seeing great talent in Cho, his father sent him to Japan in 1962. His rise to becoming one of the greatest Go players began when he joined Minoru Kitani's Go school. He was accompanied by his uncle Cho Namchul and his brother ... |
What is the Navy's military mascot? | [
{
"docid": "43080225#0",
"text": "Navy Bill is a sculpture of the United States Naval Academy's mascot, \"Bill the Goat\", a billy goat. It was designed by Clemente Spampinato in 1956, and presented to the Academy in 1957. Until 2010, the sculpture stood just inside Gate 1 to the Academy. Following a five-y... | [
{
"docid": "159908#18",
"text": "Mascots are also popular in military units. For example, the United States Marine Corps uses the English Bulldog as its mascot, while the United States Army uses the mule, the United States Navy uses the goat, and the United States Air Force uses the Gyrfalcon.",
"title"... |
How many permanent members of the United Nations Security Council are there? | [
{
"docid": "349284#8",
"text": "As of July 2011, there are currently 193 members of the United Nations and five permanent members of the Security Council. The other ten seats are assigned amongst the remaining 188 members. As a result, many members have never been on the Security Council. The following list... | [
{
"docid": "88805#9",
"text": "1. The Security Council shall consist of fifteen Members of the United Nations. The Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America shall be permanent members of the ... |
Who created the Gundam animated series? | [
{
"docid": "253053#6",
"text": "\"Mobile Fighter G Gundam\" was produced by Sunrise in association with advertising agencies Sotsu and Dentsu, and toy company Bandai. The series was created to commemorate the 15th anniversary of the \"Gundam\" franchise, created by Yoshiyuki Tomino in 1979. \"G Gundam\" was... | [
{
"docid": "1368809#0",
"text": "The \"Mobile Suit Gundam SEED\" anime series is animated by the Japanese anime studio Sunrise and directed by Mitsuo Fukuda. It aired from October 5, 2002 to September 27, 2003, with fifty episodes on TBS. As with other series from the Gundam franchise, \"Gundam SEED\" takes... |
Are steam locomotives more powerful than diesel? | [
{
"docid": "2802175#6",
"text": "Dieselisation took place largely because of the tremendous reduction in operating costs it allowed. Steam locomotives require large pools of labour to clean, load, maintain and run. They also require extensive service, coaling and watering facilities. This was their biggest ... | [
{
"docid": "389950#102",
"text": "As diesel locomotives advanced, the cost of manufacturing and operating them dropped, and they became cheaper to own and operate than steam locomotives. In North America, steam locomotives were custom-made for specific railway routes, so economies of scale were difficult to... |
When was special relativity developed? | [
{
"docid": "26962#0",
"text": "In physics, special relativity (SR, also known as the special theory of relativity or STR) is the generally accepted and experimentally well-confirmed physical theory regarding the relationship between space and time. In Albert Einstein's original pedagogical treatment, it is ... | [
{
"docid": "30001#10",
"text": "General relativity is a theory of gravitation developed by Einstein in the years 1907–1915. The development of general relativity began with the equivalence principle, under which the states of accelerated motion and being at rest in a gravitational field (for example, when s... |
Why do witches have pointed hats? | [
{
"docid": "19069450#0",
"text": "A witch hat (), in popular culture, is the style of hat characterized by a conical crown and a wide brim (like akubras and gats).\nThe origins of the witch hat as displayed today is disputed. A common theory is that it is an exaggeration of the edgeless hats associated with... | [
{
"docid": "495809#43",
"text": "Perspicacia Tick is a \"\"Witch Finder\"\", a travelling witch with the responsibility of finding young girls who have the potential to be witches. She makes a living as a teacher, a role which has given her a habit of correcting spelling, grammar and punctuation. Since she ... |
Who was the last Han Dynasty Emperor? | [
{
"docid": "15095694#3",
"text": "Emperor Xian, the last emperor of the Han dynasty, was a descendant of the first emperor Liu Bang. Lasting for over 400 years (the first to last for more than a century), the Han Dynasty is regarded as one of the golden ages of Chinese history. The Han Dynasty was interrupt... | [
{
"docid": "81262#7",
"text": "The later Zhou, the last dynasty of the Five Dynasties period was founded by Guo Wei, a Han Chinese, who served as the Assistant Military Commissioner at the court of the Later Han which was ruled by Shatuo Turks. He founded his dynasty by launching a military coup against the... |
When was the first web page released? | [
{
"docid": "33139#6",
"text": "The first web page may be lost, but Paul Jones of UNC-Chapel Hill in North Carolina announced in May 2013 that Berners-Lee gave him what he says is the oldest known web page during a 1991 visit to UNC. Jones stored it on a magneto-optical drive and on his NeXT computer. On 6 A... | [
{
"docid": "2635512#1",
"text": "The structure and appearance of a web page is described by a combination of two standardized languages:\nHowever, most older web browsers either did not fully implement the specifications for these languages or were developed prior to the finalization of the specifications (... |
When did Iain M. Banks create The Culture? | [
{
"docid": "27094539#0",
"text": "\"A Gift from the Culture\", published in 1987, is a short work of space opera, by the Scottish science fiction author Iain M. Banks. The story is an early venture into the \"complex and unusual and very distant\" setting of the Culture, which Banks would further develop th... | [
{
"docid": "14858#6",
"text": "Banks published work under two names. His parents had intended to name him \"Iain Menzies Banks\", but his father made a mistake when registering the birth and \"Iain Banks\" became the officially registered name. Despite this error, Banks used the middle name and submitted \"... |
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