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test-free-speech-debate-fchbjaj-con02a | It is a basic principle of journalism that sources should be checked and verified by another, independent, source. British Foreign Secretary William Hague has pointed out that the actions of Wikileaks put British lives at risk. [1] Congressman Peter King described the mass leaking of documents as “Worse even than a ph... | [
{
"id": "test-free-speech-debate-fchbjaj-con02b",
"score": 0.7831817269325256,
"text": "The source material is at least open to scrutiny, and anyone can decide if it appears to be genuine. Equally many serious journalists take Assange and the rest of the Wikileaks team seriously enough and have no diff... | [
{
"id": "test-free-speech-debate-fchbjaj-pro03a",
"score": 0.7388432621955872,
"text": "There is a difference between actual journalists and those who like having their names published in newspapers. Assange has far more claim to the description than many of them. One of the things that the Leveson Inq... |
test-free-speech-debate-fchbjaj-con03a | Wikileaks is not a news organisation, it exists exclusively to disseminate classified information, no genuine news organisation has such an agenda. News organisations provide a variety of functions, from reporting the weather to breaking news. Even the most hardened investigative outlet does not dedicate itself exclus... | [
{
"id": "test-free-speech-debate-fchbjaj-con03b",
"score": 0.7956587076187134,
"text": "The fact that Wikileaks specialises in one form of news gathering is hardly revolutionary – a little like saying magazines specialise in features or blogs tend to be dominated by opinion pieces. The idea, however, th... | [
{
"id": "test-free-speech-debate-fchbjaj-con02b",
"score": 0.7544659376144409,
"text": "The source material is at least open to scrutiny, and anyone can decide if it appears to be genuine. Equally many serious journalists take Assange and the rest of the Wikileaks team seriously enough and have no diff... |
test-free-speech-debate-fchbjaj-con01a | Assange is mostly interested in self-promotion, not being a serious journalist. Journalists are judged by far more than their ability to acquire and disseminate knowledge or information. The quality of their writing, the skills and contacts developed to acquire it, the training used to enter the trade (which incidenta... | [
{
"id": "test-free-speech-debate-fchbjaj-con01b",
"score": 0.6986033320426941,
"text": "It is worth noting the people who are happy to say that he is a journalist – in addition to many other journalists around the world. He has received the 2008 Economist Freedom of Expression award, the 2009 Amnesty In... | [
{
"id": "training-free-speech-debate-dmagghwrp-pro03b",
"score": 0.6605175137519836,
"text": "t is entirely fair to say that the way we approach and share information has changed beyond recognition in the last thirty years. There have been innumerable efforts made to control high-speed information netwo... |
test-free-speech-debate-nshbcsbawc-pro02a | Other religions have the right to wear prescribed clothing enshrined in British law, it is hypocritical not to offer Christianity the same protection. Legislation should be consistent; otherwise it is, by definition, discriminatory. [i] If some faiths are allowed to show outward demonstrations of their faith in the wo... | [
{
"id": "test-free-speech-debate-nshbcsbawc-pro02b",
"score": 0.7586825489997864,
"text": "Legislation takes account of particularities. Christianity does not, and never has, required the wearing of the cross as a demonstration of faith and few representations are found before the fifth century [i] – in... | [
{
"id": "validation-religion-cfhwksdr-con02a",
"score": 0.7185515761375427,
"text": "It is prejudicial to other religions to give Sunday a significance not ascribed to the holy days of other traditions It is already difficult enough for members of minority religions to have time for their own religious... |
test-free-speech-debate-nshbcsbawc-pro01a | Declaration of the faith is a key part of Christianity and that should be respected. The UK is a nation that claims to be tolerant of all faiths and to respect religious beliefs. If that is the case then it must be accepted that the law should respect actions in accordance with those beliefs insofar as they do not har... | [
{
"id": "test-free-speech-debate-nshbcsbawc-pro01b",
"score": 0.7575665712356567,
"text": "There is no requirement within Christianity that the cross should be worn. This makes it quite different from other items of religious clothing – specifically required as articles of faith - that are accepted in t... | [
{
"id": "test-free-speech-debate-nshbbsbfb-con01a",
"score": 0.718762993812561,
"text": "If this work had been an attack on Mohammed it would never have been broadcast, the BBC is applying double standards. A week before the broadcast of the opera, protest by Sikhs in Birmingham about the play Bezthi b... |
test-free-speech-debate-nshbcsbawc-pro03a | The confession of religious faith is far more important than the rather petty rules that banned the wearing of the cross. People of faith attest that those beliefs determine the nature of their own identity and their place in the Universe. In the case of Nadia Eweida, at least, the employer’s case was based on the ide... | [
{
"id": "test-free-speech-debate-nshbcsbawc-pro03b",
"score": 0.7671779990196228,
"text": "Virtually every employee dresses differently for work than they do outside. We accept the fact that there are behaviours and attitudes that must be left at the door when we enter the workplace. Those unwilling to ... | [
{
"id": "training-religion-frgsbnaofcs-con02a",
"score": 0.7281667590141296,
"text": "It’s a personal matter – it doesn’t concern others Wearing religious and cultural symbols are a matter of personal choice. Getting the government involved in such a personal matter is a breach of privacy. The Belgian ... |
test-free-speech-debate-nshbcsbawc-pro04a | Freedom of expression, like any right is fairly meaningless if it’s only respected when it’s convenient. Recognising rights when there is no inconvenience to anybody involved is verging on the irrelevant. This is, perhaps, especially true, with freedom of expression. If I recognise your right to express yourself freel... | [
{
"id": "test-free-speech-debate-nshbcsbawc-pro04b",
"score": 0.7279731035232544,
"text": "Proposition is completely over-reacting. Nobody is stopping the women involved from practising their faith but there is nothing within mainstream Christianity that requires the wearing of a cross as a public state... | [
{
"id": "training-free-speech-debate-esdbphwlfsr-con02a",
"score": 0.6913330554962158,
"text": "Limiting the rights of corporate persons would harm a wide range of organisations and limit the freedom of natural persons. Public speech and exchanges of ideas lie at the root of political and social decisi... |
test-free-speech-debate-nshbcsbawc-con02a | Both employers acted out of concern for the interests of their clients, employees should respect that. Employers don’t introduce rules because it’s fun but, rather, because they serve a purpose. Ms. Chaplin has expressed concern about the legal costs incurred by the NHS Trust which employed her in fighting the action ... | [
{
"id": "test-free-speech-debate-nshbcsbawc-con02b",
"score": 0.8270641565322876,
"text": "No customer or patient complained in either case. Neither employer demonstrated that wearing the cross prevented either employee from performing their duties efficiently. Indeed, given the size and diversity of bo... | [
{
"id": "test-free-speech-debate-nshbcsbawc-con01b",
"score": 0.7758657336235046,
"text": "Both women were long-standing employees. The rules changed around them, it is, however, difficult to see how not wearing a cross was innate or fundamental to the job they were doing. Employers hire a worker’s labo... |
test-free-speech-debate-nshbcsbawc-con03a | If this were about wearing a badge with a political slogan or something similar, everyone would agree that it was inappropriate. The same principle should apply to iconography. If the image they were wearing endorsed a political candidate or another company, the issue would never have got to court. Neither complainant... | [
{
"id": "test-free-speech-debate-nshbcsbawc-con03b",
"score": 0.7787660956382751,
"text": "Recognizing that people have different views is a fairly fundamental part of maintaining societal cohesion. Freedom of expression requires the corollary that there is no right not to be offended – it is hard to se... | [
{
"id": "test-free-speech-debate-radhbsshr-pro02b",
"score": 0.7370103597640991,
"text": "Just because groups and individuals have a Freedom of Expression, does not mean it can be used without proper consideration of whom maybe hurt and offended by connotations implied in the image. A White artist portr... |
test-free-speech-debate-nshbcsbawc-con01a | Employers impose rules relating to conduct in the workplace, it’s one of the things that everyone accepts when they take and continue in a job. Put simply, if you don’t like the rules, don’t do the job. The fact that the world of work and the life of faith can come into conflict should hardly have come as a surprise t... | [
{
"id": "test-free-speech-debate-nshbcsbawc-con01b",
"score": 0.8138248324394226,
"text": "Both women were long-standing employees. The rules changed around them, it is, however, difficult to see how not wearing a cross was innate or fundamental to the job they were doing. Employers hire a worker’s labo... | [
{
"id": "test-free-speech-debate-nshbcsbawc-pro01b",
"score": 0.7682600617408752,
"text": "There is no requirement within Christianity that the cross should be worn. This makes it quite different from other items of religious clothing – specifically required as articles of faith - that are accepted in t... |
test-economy-egecegphw-pro02a | The expansion of Heathrow is vital for the economy Expanding Heathrow would ensure many current jobs as well as creating new ones. Currently, Heathrow supports around 250,000 jobs. [1] Added to this many hundreds of thousands more are dependent upon the tourist trade in London which relies on good transport links like... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-egecegphw-pro02b",
"score": 0.7657902240753174,
"text": "The business community is far from united in its supposed support of a third run-way. Surveys suggest that many influential businesses in fact do not support expansion. A letter expressing concern was signed by Justin King th... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-egecegphw-pro01a",
"score": 0.7068126797676086,
"text": "Heathrow is full; it must expand Put simply Heathrow is at the limits of its capacity so there needs to be expansion. Heathrow is already at 99% capacity and running so close to maximum capacity means that any minor problem ... |
test-economy-egecegphw-pro01a | Heathrow is full; it must expand Put simply Heathrow is at the limits of its capacity so there needs to be expansion. Heathrow is already at 99% capacity and running so close to maximum capacity means that any minor problem can result in large delays for passengers. London’s major rivals have four-runway hub airports ... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-egecegphw-pro01b",
"score": 0.7667470574378967,
"text": "It is not as simple as considering that Heathrow is at capacity so everything will go to competitor airports. So far it is simple alarmism to warn of traffic going to European competitors, John Stewart (chairman of HACAN, Hea... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-egecegphw-pro03a",
"score": 0.714948296546936,
"text": "Heathrow is in the best location for London Flying is critical for business. Heathrow is well located for the people that will pick up the bill funding its expansion. People need to be able to get to their homes and work easi... |
test-economy-egecegphw-pro03a | Heathrow is in the best location for London Flying is critical for business. Heathrow is well located for the people that will pick up the bill funding its expansion. People need to be able to get to their homes and work easily from the airport otherwise it is impractical. According to the Civil Aviation Authority 25%... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-egecegphw-pro03b",
"score": 0.7500166893005371,
"text": "Location is a relatively unimportant issue when talking about ‘hubs’. In hub airports an important proportion of passengers and cargo is only passing through; it arrives to the airport by plane only to leave it again by plane... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-egecegphw-con01a",
"score": 0.7017588019371033,
"text": "The third run-way would cause noise and pollution problems The high population density of the area around Heathrow means it is not an ideal location for a bigger airport. It makes sense to increase capacity in an area with l... |
test-economy-egecegphw-con02a | Expanding Heathrow would be at the expense of the environment Expanding Heathrow will directly contribute to climate change and make it impossible for the UK to stay within the EU legal limits. The EU has established limits on the levels of harmful pollution and the UK has signed a commitment to reduce Green House Gas... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-egecegphw-con02b",
"score": 0.8274201154708862,
"text": "The former Labour government when considering expansion made it clear that environment would be taken into account when considering the construction of a third run-way so there would be environmental restrictions to make sure... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-egecegphw-con01a",
"score": 0.7288104891777039,
"text": "The third run-way would cause noise and pollution problems The high population density of the area around Heathrow means it is not an ideal location for a bigger airport. It makes sense to increase capacity in an area with l... |
test-economy-egecegphw-con03a | The economic case for expansion does not add up A study conducted by the NEF revealed that the cost of expansion will outweigh the benefits by at least £5billion. [1] London has six airports and seven runways meaning that London already has the best connections globally. Together, London airports have a greater number... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-egecegphw-con03b",
"score": 0.7808570861816406,
"text": "London has a lot of runways in total because it has a lot of airports however Heathrow is the only one that has the benefit of being a hub airport as each of these existing airports only have one or two runways. Suggestions t... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-egecegphw-pro02a",
"score": 0.7363182902336121,
"text": "The expansion of Heathrow is vital for the economy Expanding Heathrow would ensure many current jobs as well as creating new ones. Currently, Heathrow supports around 250,000 jobs. [1] Added to this many hundreds of thousand... |
test-economy-egecegphw-con01a | The third run-way would cause noise and pollution problems The high population density of the area around Heathrow means it is not an ideal location for a bigger airport. It makes sense to increase capacity in an area with lower population density instead of trying to do so within a location that is constrained by adj... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-egecegphw-con01b",
"score": 0.8562697768211365,
"text": "An additional run-way would not necessarily result in a large increase in noise pollution as this would depend on where the runways are located. If the runway was established to the West of its current location incoming plane... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-egecegphw-con02b",
"score": 0.7662331461906433,
"text": "The former Labour government when considering expansion made it clear that environment would be taken into account when considering the construction of a third run-way so there would be environmental restrictions to make sure... |
test-economy-beplcpdffe-pro02a | Online gambling affects families A parent who gambles can quickly lose the money their family depends on for food and rent. It is a common cause of family break-up and homelessness, so governments should get involved to protect innocent children from getting hurt [5]. Each problem gambler harmfully impacts 10-15 other... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-beplcpdffe-pro02b",
"score": 0.8007094860076904,
"text": "There is no evidence that gambling prevents people from caring for their family. The vast majority who gamble do so responsibly. It isn’t right to ban something that millions of people enjoy just because a few cause problems... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-beplcpdffe-pro01a",
"score": 0.7512094974517822,
"text": "Gambling is bad for you. Gamblers may win money from time to time, but in the long run, the House always wins. Why should governments allow an activity that helps their citizens lose the money they have worked so hard to ea... |
test-economy-beplcpdffe-pro01a | Gambling is bad for you. Gamblers may win money from time to time, but in the long run, the House always wins. Why should governments allow an activity that helps their citizens lose the money they have worked so hard to earn? The harm is not just the loss of money and possible bankruptcy; it causes depression, insomn... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-beplcpdffe-pro01b",
"score": 0.7892670631408691,
"text": "Every leisure industry attracts a few troubled individuals who take the activity to harmful extremes. For every thousand drinkers there are a few alcoholics. Similarly some sports fans are hooligans. Those who gamble enough ... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-beplcpdffe-con01a",
"score": 0.7474001049995422,
"text": "Personal freedom Gambling is a leisure activity enjoyed by many millions of people. Governments should not tell people what they can do with their own money. Those who don’t like gambling should be free to buy adverts warni... |
test-economy-beplcpdffe-pro03a | Gambling is addictive. Humans get a buzz from taking a risk and the hope that this time their luck will be in, this is similar to drug addicts [7]. The more people bet, the more they want to bet, so they become hooked on gambling which can wreck their lives. Internet gambling is worse because it is not a social activi... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-beplcpdffe-pro03b",
"score": 0.8240358829498291,
"text": "Unlike drugs, gambling is not physically or metabolically addictive. Most gamblers are not addicts, simply ordinary people who enjoy the excitement of a bet on a sporting event or card game. The large majority of people who ... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-beplcpdffe-pro01a",
"score": 0.7757256031036377,
"text": "Gambling is bad for you. Gamblers may win money from time to time, but in the long run, the House always wins. Why should governments allow an activity that helps their citizens lose the money they have worked so hard to ea... |
test-economy-beplcpdffe-pro04a | Online gambling encourages crime Human trafficking, forced prostitution and drugs provide $2.1 billion a year for the Mafia but they need some way through which to put this money into circulation. Online gambling is that way in. They put dirty money in and win clean money back [8]. Because it is so international and o... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-beplcpdffe-pro04b",
"score": 0.7660430669784546,
"text": "Criminals will always try to exploit any system, but if governments allow legal online gambling they can regulate it. It is in the interest of gambling companies to build trustworthy brands and cooperate with the authorities... | [
{
"id": "training-law-ucgllghwbg-pro03b",
"score": 0.7232674956321716,
"text": "Internet gambling is in fact less dangerous than normal gambling. It is free from the pressures to gamble that casinos can create through free food and entertainment, glitzy surroundings and peer pressure. And as children ca... |
test-economy-beplcpdffe-con02a | Cant enforce an online gambling ban Governments can’t actually do anything to enforce a ban on the world wide web. Domestic laws can only stop internet companies using servers and offices in their own country. They cannot stop their citizens going online to gamble using sites based elsewhere. Governments can try to bl... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-beplcpdffe-con02b",
"score": 0.8467338681221008,
"text": "Governments have the power to ban online gambling in their own country. Even if citizens could use foreign websites, most will not choose to break the law. When the United States introduced its Unlawful Internet Gambling Enf... | [
{
"id": "training-law-ucgllghwbg-con02b",
"score": 0.7793600559234619,
"text": "Gambling is not impossible to ban, although it will not be easy such examples of states that have banned it show that it is possible and although illegal activity may arise from the ban this can also be stopped by though rul... |
test-economy-beplcpdffe-con05a | Government only objects to online gambling because they dont benefit Governments are hypocritical about gambling. They say they don’t like it but they often use it for their own purposes. Sometimes they only allow gambling in certain places in order to boost a local economy. Sometimes they profit themselves by running... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-beplcpdffe-con05b",
"score": 0.8591982126235962,
"text": "Because people will gamble anyway, the best that governments can do is make sure that their people gamble in safe circumstances. This means real world that casinos and other betting places that can easily be monitored. The ... | [
{
"id": "training-law-ucgllghwbg-con01b",
"score": 0.7992887496948242,
"text": "Gambling is a harmful activity and could have harmful effects on not only to individuals but also on their friends and family. Gamblers may win money from time to time, but in the long run, the house always wins. Why should ... |
test-economy-beplcpdffe-con04a | Other forms of online gambling What is the difference between gambling and playing the stock market? In each case people are putting money at risk in the hope of a particular outcome. Gambling on horse-racing or games involves knowledge and expertise that can improve your chances of success. In the same way, trading i... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-beplcpdffe-con04b",
"score": 0.7990314960479736,
"text": "Gambling is quite different from buying stocks and shares. With the stock market investors are buying a stake in an actual company. This share may rise or fall in value, but so can a house or artwork. In each case there is a... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-beplcpdffe-pro03a",
"score": 0.7088854312896729,
"text": "Gambling is addictive. Humans get a buzz from taking a risk and the hope that this time their luck will be in, this is similar to drug addicts [7]. The more people bet, the more they want to bet, so they become hooked on ga... |
test-economy-beplcpdffe-con03a | Only regulation can mitigate harms It is where the sites operate, not where they are set up that matters for regulation. It is in gambling sites interest to run a trustworthy, responsible business. Whatever they are looking for online, internet users choose trusted brands that have been around for a while. If a gambli... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-beplcpdffe-con03b",
"score": 0.8159674406051636,
"text": "It is only in the interests of big gambling sites that aim to create a long term business to go along with tough regulation. Online gambling sites can get around government regulations that limit the dangers of betting. Beca... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-beplcpdffe-con05b",
"score": 0.7411413788795471,
"text": "Because people will gamble anyway, the best that governments can do is make sure that their people gamble in safe circumstances. This means real world that casinos and other betting places that can easily be monitored. The ... |
test-economy-beplcpdffe-con01a | Personal freedom Gambling is a leisure activity enjoyed by many millions of people. Governments should not tell people what they can do with their own money. Those who don’t like gambling should be free to buy adverts warning people against it, but they should not be able to use the law to impose their own beliefs. On... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-beplcpdffe-con01b",
"score": 0.8181465864181519,
"text": "People are not free to do whatever they want whenever they want. When their activities harm society it is the government’s role to step in to prevent that harm. Online gambling simply provides the freedom for more people to ... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-beplcpdffe-pro02b",
"score": 0.7763686180114746,
"text": "There is no evidence that gambling prevents people from caring for their family. The vast majority who gamble do so responsibly. It isn’t right to ban something that millions of people enjoy just because a few cause problems... |
test-economy-thsptr-pro02a | Those who have more owe more to the state Wealthier people benefit from the state more than do those who are worse off for two reasons. First, they have more to lose in the absence of the state. Without the rule of law, people would no longer be bound by any power to respect one another’s property rights. A rich perso... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-thsptr-pro02b",
"score": 0.7498441338539124,
"text": "Possessing greater wealth does not obligate an individual to contribute more to the state by any moral precept. All people’s property rights should be protected equally. Citizens who succeed by their own industry and accrue weal... | [
{
"id": "test-health-dhghwapgd-pro04b",
"score": 0.6977719664573669,
"text": "The costs associated with the current patent regime are necessary to the maintenance of innovation. It may be costly, and technically inefficient to police property rights, but that does not make them less of a right. If firms... |
test-economy-thsptr-pro05a | A well-implemented progressive taxation scheme serve to promote economic growth Progressive taxation can serve very effectively to increase the economic welfare and development of societies. It does so in three ways. First, it lifts the poor out of poverty by redistributing the tax burden from them onto the wealthy wh... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-thsptr-pro05b",
"score": 0.7784709930419922,
"text": "Progressive taxation does not improve economic growth. This is because, when the rich are heavily taxed, they have less likely to invest in new enterprises. Higher taxes serve as a disincentive to investment, both domestic and f... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-thsptr-con05b",
"score": 0.7310066819190979,
"text": "The state’s sole role in taxation is not merely to provide equality of opportunity, but also to foster social justice through the promotion of greater social equality. This does not mean that there should not be any inequalities... |
test-economy-thsptr-pro01a | Those able to pay more should pay more into the tax system The wealthy have more disposable income and are more financially secure than are the poor and economically tenuous. For this reason, a progressive system of taxation puts the tax burden more heavily on the wealthy which has the wherewithal to pay. Progressive ... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-thsptr-pro01b",
"score": 0.7871910929679871,
"text": "Simply because someone can feasibly pay more does not mean he should be obligated to do so. Everyone’s property rights should be considered equal; the property rights of the wealthy should not be trodden upon by the state while ... | [
{
"id": "training-economy-tppphwift-pro01a",
"score": 0.7407057285308838,
"text": "Why a flat tax is fairer In a welfare state such as the United Kingdom, everyone enjoys the same access to services provided by the government, and so it should stand to reason that everyone should also contribute equall... |
test-economy-thsptr-pro03a | The state should promote the efficient distribution of income in order to maximize the utility derived by society from its economic resources All goods suffer from diminishing marginal utility, and this includes money. The more money someone, the less happy they are made from each successive addition of wealth after a... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-thsptr-pro03b",
"score": 0.8186054229736328,
"text": "It is not the state’s role to efficiently distribute economic resources; the market does a much better job of that. When the state seeks to distribute income, there is substantial efficiency loss. This is due to the so-called “l... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-thsptr-con05b",
"score": 0.7575221061706543,
"text": "The state’s sole role in taxation is not merely to provide equality of opportunity, but also to foster social justice through the promotion of greater social equality. This does not mean that there should not be any inequalities... |
test-economy-thsptr-pro04a | Progressive taxation promotes a more equal, more harmonious society Progressive taxation provides real equality of opportunity, and serves to level the playing field so that social classes are not fixed. Everyone deserves a chance to climb the economic ladder, but without a regime of progressive taxation this is nearl... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-thsptr-pro04b",
"score": 0.8358892798423767,
"text": "A more equal society is not necessarily a more harmonious society, and is certainly not a more just one if it was created through the process of progressive taxation. Social harmony relies on trust between all citizens, rich and... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-thsptr-con02b",
"score": 0.758660614490509,
"text": "Taxation need not be proportional to be fair; individuals earning significantly higher income than others have benefited from many societal factors that allowed them to accumulate wealth in peace and safety. Such people thus owe ... |
test-economy-thsptr-con02a | Progressive taxes place an unfair and disproportionate burden on the wealthy The revenues the state acquires through taxation are used to pay for various services and benefices. Lower income individuals consume these services to a disproportionate degree. It is they who require income supplements and child benefits wh... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-thsptr-con02b",
"score": 0.779073178768158,
"text": "Taxation need not be proportional to be fair; individuals earning significantly higher income than others have benefited from many societal factors that allowed them to accumulate wealth in peace and safety. Such people thus owe ... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-thsptr-con05b",
"score": 0.7369470000267029,
"text": "The state’s sole role in taxation is not merely to provide equality of opportunity, but also to foster social justice through the promotion of greater social equality. This does not mean that there should not be any inequalities... |
test-economy-thsptr-con05a | The aim of taxation should be to provide equality of opportunity, not of outcom Taxation should not be about trying to engineer a more equal society. The purpose of taxes is to furnish necessary services people need to become competitive free agents in the economy. Progressive taxes take unduly from some to give to ot... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-thsptr-con05b",
"score": 0.7986952066421509,
"text": "The state’s sole role in taxation is not merely to provide equality of opportunity, but also to foster social justice through the promotion of greater social equality. This does not mean that there should not be any inequalities... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-thsptr-pro01b",
"score": 0.7356879711151123,
"text": "Simply because someone can feasibly pay more does not mean he should be obligated to do so. Everyone’s property rights should be considered equal; the property rights of the wealthy should not be trodden upon by the state while ... |
test-economy-thsptr-con04a | Progressive systems are invariably highly complex and inefficient in implementation, breeding the knock-on inefficiencies of evasion and avoidance The modern progressive tax system has created whole industries of firms and specialists geared toward helping people file their taxes and to ensure the system runs smoothly... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-thsptr-con04b",
"score": 0.7623677253723145,
"text": "While tax codes are complicated, their sophistication is not justification for their abolition. Rather, progressive systems can be more streamlined. New Zealand can be used as an example where a progressive taxation system is al... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-thsptr-pro03b",
"score": 0.696692705154419,
"text": "It is not the state’s role to efficiently distribute economic resources; the market does a much better job of that. When the state seeks to distribute income, there is substantial efficiency loss. This is due to the so-called “le... |
test-economy-thsptr-con03a | The ability to orchestrate a progressive taxation regime gives undue and dangerous power to the state The power to tax is power to destroy. A state with power over a progressive taxation system can put the wealthy in effective thrall, and use them to benefit its own ends. This is exacerbated by such phenomena as the t... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-thsptr-con03b",
"score": 0.7393395304679871,
"text": "A state with the ability to levy taxes will not necessarily be evil and dominating of the wealthy. People can always leave a country, so governments must always be accommodating of wealthy citizens, and can be so even within a p... | [
{
"id": "training-economy-tppphwift-pro01b",
"score": 0.6797465085983276,
"text": "The aim of a welfare state is to allow provide access to vital services for all, but especially for those who could not otherwise afford them -to lift the burden of poverty somewhat. A flat tax, however, would actually in... |
test-economy-thsptr-con01a | Individuals’ property and income are an index of deserving achievement, and of value contributed in the market place to society A progressive taxation system essentially assumes that the property rights of the poor are more sacred than those of the wealthy. Somehow the wealthy have a less proportionate ownership right... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-thsptr-con01b",
"score": 0.827992856502533,
"text": "Income alone is not a sufficient measure of an individual’s contribution to society. Much income, and proportionally more so among wealthy people, is not the product of effort, but rather is unearned. The state is not punishing p... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-thsptr-con02b",
"score": 0.7852434515953064,
"text": "Taxation need not be proportional to be fair; individuals earning significantly higher income than others have benefited from many societal factors that allowed them to accumulate wealth in peace and safety. Such people thus owe... |
test-economy-epiasghbf-pro02a | The effects of unemployment Unemployment has been linked to several health and wellbeing effects. Firstly, the psychological impact of unemployment involve a range of issues - from confidence to mental well-being. Issues of mental health problems - such as depression, suicide, anxiety, and substance abuse, need recogn... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-epiasghbf-pro02b",
"score": 0.7084359526634216,
"text": "Again employment needs to be contextualised with what type of jobs are provided and entered into. It remains questionable as to whether the mental health of women improves if women are employed to work within hazardous work e... | [
{
"id": "test-society-epiasghbf-pro01b",
"score": 0.642929196357727,
"text": "The relation between employment, money, and household poverty is not a simple correlation when we consider the type of jobs women are entering. In developing countries work in the informal economy is a large source of women’s ... |
test-economy-epiasghbf-pro01a | The importance of jobs in livelihoods - money Jobs are empowerment. Building sustainable livelihoods, and tackling poverty in the long term, requires enabling access to capital assets. A key asset is financial capital. Jobs, and employment, provide a means to access and build financial capital required, whether throug... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-epiasghbf-pro01b",
"score": 0.7456344366073608,
"text": "The relation between employment, money, and household poverty is not a simple correlation when we consider the type of jobs women are entering. In developing countries work in the informal economy is a large source of women’s... | [
{
"id": "training-society-esgfhbhsbpt-pro03a",
"score": 0.7064899206161499,
"text": "Paying housewives for their work is an important form of economic empowerment. One of the most important factors of oppression of women’s rights, particularly in the developing world, is dependence [1] . Women are ofte... |
test-economy-epiasghbf-pro03a | Labour participation and rights Labour participation enables an awareness, and acquirement, of equal gender rights. Firstly, labour participation is challenging cultural ideologies and norms of which see the woman’s responsibility as limited to the reproductive sphere. Entering the productive sphere brings women equal... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-epiasghbf-pro03b",
"score": 0.7504864931106567,
"text": "For rights to be granted women need to be able to have a position within trade unions, and policy change is required. A recent study shows fewer women than men are found in trade unions across eight African countries looked ... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-epiasghbf-pro02b",
"score": 0.7121599316596985,
"text": "Again employment needs to be contextualised with what type of jobs are provided and entered into. It remains questionable as to whether the mental health of women improves if women are employed to work within hazardous work e... |
test-economy-epiasghbf-con02a | Women need alternatives for empowerment Empowerment cannot be gained for women through employment, alternatives are required. A gender lens needs to be applied to women’s life course from the start. To tackle the discriminatory causes of gender inequality access to sexual and reproductive health rights is required for... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-epiasghbf-con02b",
"score": 0.7643781304359436,
"text": "How we define empowerment is broad - encompassing all changes that women are able to make, through agency, to tackle their subordinate position. Therefore labour force participation does provide empowerment. Labour participat... | [
{
"id": "training-international-ipiasgfih-con04b",
"score": 0.7205734848976135,
"text": "Renting holds fewer benefits for women than ownership. For empowerment more women need to become home, and landowners. The provision of land titles to women means they have a sense of stability. In the case of Johan... |
test-economy-epiasghbf-con04a | Where are the men? Is the feminisation of labour emerging with a de-masculinisation of jobs? If so, how do women cope in the work environment? Are methods being integrated to ensure a just work environment is maintained? Overa’s (2007) study on gender relations within the informal economy indicates how tensions emerg... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-epiasghbf-con04b",
"score": 0.7240371704101562,
"text": "Within Gender and Development the importance of bringing men into the picture of gender discrimination has been recognised. Therefore working with men will change enable gender roles to be changed."
}
] | [
{
"id": "test-economy-epiasghbf-pro03a",
"score": 0.687488317489624,
"text": "Labour participation and rights Labour participation enables an awareness, and acquirement, of equal gender rights. Firstly, labour participation is challenging cultural ideologies and norms of which see the woman’s responsib... |
test-economy-epiasghbf-con03a | Who are the women? Women are a diverse group, and the feminisation of labour has incorporated a range of women of different ages, race, socioeconomic backgrounds and education. Such intersectionalities are important to recognise, as not all women are empowered and the empowerment is not equal. For example, a study by... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-epiasghbf-con03b",
"score": 0.828768789768219,
"text": "Yes education may help to determine the extent to which labour participation empowers women but it is the participation itself that is the actual tool that empowers. A well-educated woman who is kept at home doing nothing is n... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-epiasghbf-pro03b",
"score": 0.7372573614120483,
"text": "For rights to be granted women need to be able to have a position within trade unions, and policy change is required. A recent study shows fewer women than men are found in trade unions across eight African countries looked ... |
test-economy-epiasghbf-con01a | The double burden Despite a feminising labour market there has been no convergence, or equalisation, in unpaid domestic and care work. Women still play key roles in working the reproductive sphere and family care; therefore labour-force participation increases the overall burden placed on women. The burden is placed o... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-epiasghbf-con01b",
"score": 0.8152256011962891,
"text": "With the right to work within the productive sphere, the responsibility of care becomes shared. This may take some time but eventually equality will be the result. If you consider the changes occurring within the developed wo... | [
{
"id": "test-society-epiasghbf-con02b",
"score": 0.746181070804596,
"text": "How we define empowerment is broad - encompassing all changes that women are able to make, through agency, to tackle their subordinate position. Therefore labour force participation does provide empowerment. Labour participati... |
test-economy-epegiahsc-pro02a | Multilateralism is preferable to bilateralism. It is preferable for Latin American countries to band together when negotiating trade deals with the US and Canada, to better protect their interests. After FTAA negotiations failed, the US focused on bilateral strategies and trade deals where the imbalance of power was m... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-epegiahsc-pro02b",
"score": 0.7402418255805969,
"text": "Latin American countries do not have the same interests to protect. There are high disparities within the region itself. It would be naïve to believe that Brazil, a country of nearly 200 million people who recently overtook t... | [
{
"id": "training-international-aghbusbh-pro01b",
"score": 0.7022718191146851,
"text": "While the liberal order the US has constructed has benefited its allied economies in Western Europe and Japan, for much of the developing world the benefits have been few and far between. For example, many African an... |
test-economy-epegiahsc-pro01a | Free trade is good for development and growth. Free trade essentially removes barriers for companies to do business across countries and regions. This leads to competition between countries in those regions, and between companies and industries in those countries. It leads to the sharing of innovation, drives down the... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-epegiahsc-pro01b",
"score": 0.8160774111747742,
"text": "Free trade does not benefit everyone equally. Rich corporations from developed countries are not interested in growth in developing nations; they are interested in making profits. They just view developing nations as sources ... | [
{
"id": "training-economy-fegippghp-con05b",
"score": 0.7640171051025391,
"text": "Even if that were true, people naturally want to trade with each other, seeking to turn their particular resources or skills to their advantage. All too often trade is limited not because government action is needed, but ... |
test-economy-epegiahsc-pro03a | Trade is good for democracy. Venezuela’s Hugo Chavez has been making sustained efforts to boost his influence in Latin America, with regional tours and substantial investments in neighbouring economies, fuelled by Venezuela’s oil money [1] . He is staunchly anti-American and a supporter of Iran. Meanwhile, he has been... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-epegiahsc-pro03b",
"score": 0.762173056602478,
"text": "The US has a long history of toppling unfriendly regimes in Latin America and propping up dictators who were agreeable to the US, from Panama to Nicaragua. This has made the people of Latin America very mistrustful of any Amer... | [
{
"id": "training-international-aghbusbh-con01b",
"score": 0.7121158838272095,
"text": "US support for democracy has been at best hugely inconsistent, and at worst criminally apathetic. During the Cold War, the US overthrew various democratic governments (for example Iran and Guatemala in the 1950s) and... |
test-economy-epegiahsc-con02a | The FTAA is bad for South American Agriculture. During the FTAA negotiations, the US has consistently refused to eliminate subsidies for American farmers [1] . Because of subsidies, great agricultural surpluses are produced that are then sold on developing markets at prices lower than the cost of production. Farmers i... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-epegiahsc-con02b",
"score": 0.758297860622406,
"text": "Subsidies for farming and agriculture mean cheaper food. If Americans were forced to pay the price of production for the food they consume, poverty rates in the US would be much higher. Conversely, in developing South American... | [
{
"id": "training-economy-epiahbnhba-con03b",
"score": 0.7193132042884827,
"text": "Corn is only one product in a complex trade system. While NAFTA has undoubtedly given US corn farmers an advantage, it has also benefited Mexican avocado famers- and everyone employed in the industry1. Automobile product... |
test-economy-epegiahsc-con04a | FTAA is bad for labour in developed countries. Liberalizing the labour market across the entirety of the Americas would be a severe blow to workers in the US and Canada. It would put them in direct competition with workers from countries where the average salary is much lower than in the US, who would be willing to wo... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-epegiahsc-con04b",
"score": 0.6979691386222839,
"text": "Employers will always pay a premium for workers who have the necessary education, technical and language skills that are needed to do the jobs that insure the companies’ financial success. Such workers would be primarily sour... | [
{
"id": "training-economy-bepeghbnmw-con04a",
"score": 0.6616023778915405,
"text": "The free market tends to treat workers fairly In the absence of a minimum wage the free market will not tend toward the exploitation of workers. Rather, wages will reflect the economic situation of a country, guaranteei... |
test-economy-epegiahsc-con03a | FTAA is bad for the environment. Free trade creates a "race to the bottom", whereby developing countries lower their labor and environmental standards in an effort to attract foreign investment. Developed countries, which may have higher standards, are then forced to lower them as well in order to make sure companies ... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-epegiahsc-con03b",
"score": 0.7795313000679016,
"text": "A multinational trade agreement could equally raise environmental standards across the region. Under the status quo, nothing stops companies from moving to countries that have low environmental standards and few regulations. ... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-epehwmrbals-pro02b",
"score": 0.7397055625915527,
"text": "Developing nations are plagued with corruption as well as desperate economic situations and are often in competition with each other in exporting whether that is manufacturing for slightly richer countries of South East Asi... |
test-economy-epegiahsc-con01a | The FTAA is bad for industries in developing nations. This agreement would put farmers and workers in some of the world’s most impoverished nations in direct competition with some of the richest companies in the developed world. FTAA would have small, domestic industries in countries like Bolivia or Haiti compete with... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-epegiahsc-con01b",
"score": 0.7514238953590393,
"text": "Protectionism cannot create a healthy national industry. Only by competing openly against each other on the global market, companies become truly efficient and effective. And small, local companies and industries can often ha... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-epehwmrbals-pro05a",
"score": 0.7113900780677795,
"text": "When developing countries employ poor labour standards, other countries follow the example in order to be competitive As long as developing nations constantly keep employing poor labour standards, it will keep putting a st... |
test-economy-egiahbwaka-pro02a | Women provide a platform for economic development Where women in Africa are treated more as equals and are being given political power there are benefits for the economy. Africa is already surging economically with 6 out of the world’s ten fastest growing economies in the past decade being a part of sub-Saharan Africa... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-egiahbwaka-pro02b",
"score": 0.748030960559845,
"text": "While it is true that the quota of women in African politics is growing, it is still a far stretch from the control needed to have a credible influence on the economy. It is true; they have high representation in Rwanda, in S... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-egiahbwaka-pro03b",
"score": 0.7060943841934204,
"text": "An increase in literacy does not necessarily translate into greater economic participation by women in the future. Yes more women are being educated but it is not just a lack of education that hinders them. It also requires ... |
test-economy-egiahbwaka-pro01a | Women are the backbone of Africa’s agriculture It sounds dramatic, but when more than 70% percent of the agricultural labor force of Africa is represented by women, and that sector is a third of GDP, one can say that women really are the backbone of Africa’s economy. But the sector does not reach its full potential. W... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-egiahbwaka-pro01b",
"score": 0.7771502137184143,
"text": "Women do indeed work on small farms, but it is this very size that means they will not be key to the future. A 2.5-4% increase in agricultural production is not much. Even with agriculture as a third of the economy this is o... | [
{
"id": "training-international-ipiasgfih-pro03a",
"score": 0.7223742604255676,
"text": "Land titles will develop entrepreneurial women. Access to titles is a means of poverty alleviation for female-headed households and women. Having recognised land rights means first, their land becomes exchangeable ... |
test-economy-egiahbwaka-pro03a | There is greater potential for African women There is great potential in educating African women. Two out of three illiterate Africans are women. In 1996 the countries with the highest illiteracy rates in women are Burkina Faso with a staggering 91.1%, Sierra Leone with 88.7%, Guinea with 86.6% and Chad with 82.1% of ... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-egiahbwaka-pro03b",
"score": 0.787892758846283,
"text": "An increase in literacy does not necessarily translate into greater economic participation by women in the future. Yes more women are being educated but it is not just a lack of education that hinders them. It also requires i... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-egiahbwaka-con03b",
"score": 0.7213503122329712,
"text": "Neither education not infrastructure can discount the possibility of women being key to the economic future. Yes infrastructure is needed before many businesses can reach their full potential. But the same limits are on men ... |
test-economy-egiahbwaka-con02a | Women are not the future for Africa’s economy In the short to medium term women are unlikely to be the key to Africa’s economic future. Even in western economies, there is still a gap between genders at the workplace. Women are still paid less than men, there are more men CEO’s than women and so forth. This is likely ... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-egiahbwaka-con02b",
"score": 0.7486571669578552,
"text": "There is little reason to believe Africa will follow the path that western countries have when it comes to the role of women. Change could come much more quickly than expected. Already there are African countries that have m... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-egiahbwaka-pro03a",
"score": 0.7036324143409729,
"text": "There is greater potential for African women There is great potential in educating African women. Two out of three illiterate Africans are women. In 1996 the countries with the highest illiteracy rates in women are Burkina ... |
test-economy-egiahbwaka-con03a | Africa's greatest needs are for infrastructure and education Africa’s greatest needs for development are infrastructure and education. Neither of these needs implies that women are about to become key to the African economy. Africa is severely deficient in infrastructure; Sub Saharan Africa generates the same amount ... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-egiahbwaka-con03b",
"score": 0.8218157887458801,
"text": "Neither education not infrastructure can discount the possibility of women being key to the economic future. Yes infrastructure is needed before many businesses can reach their full potential. But the same limits are on men ... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-egiahbwaka-pro03b",
"score": 0.7283560633659363,
"text": "An increase in literacy does not necessarily translate into greater economic participation by women in the future. Yes more women are being educated but it is not just a lack of education that hinders them. It also requires ... |
test-economy-egiahbwaka-con01a | Natural resources are key Africa has a very significant amount of resources that have not yet been exploited and put to good use. The continent has 12% of the world's oil reserves, 40% of its gold, and 80% to 90% of its chromium and platinum. Moreover, it is home to 60% of the world’s underutilized arable land and has... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-egiahbwaka-con01b",
"score": 0.7194883823394775,
"text": "While Africa has huge reserves of natural resources they are not its economic future. Mining employs few people and provides little value added to the economy. Also not every African country has natural resources to exploit ... | [
{
"id": "test-international-sepiahbaaw-con01b",
"score": 0.6672265529632568,
"text": "The trade of natural resources can be unreliable for African nations. Exports on the international market are subject to changes in price, which can harm export orientated countries should there be a decrease in value.... |
test-economy-egppphbcb-pro02a | Each man has a right to private property The right to own property is central to man's existence since it ensures him of his independence of survival. It provides a means to sustain himself without relying on others inasmuch as he has control over a property and can make a living from it. However in order to acquire p... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-egppphbcb-pro02b",
"score": 0.760086715221405,
"text": "Under capitalism property is privatised under the presumption that it will not harm anyone or even that it will benefit everyone. This is not the case and what actually takes place is that property becomes concentrated into th... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-thsptr-pro02b",
"score": 0.720696747303009,
"text": "Possessing greater wealth does not obligate an individual to contribute more to the state by any moral precept. All people’s property rights should be protected equally. Citizens who succeed by their own industry and accrue wealt... |
test-economy-egppphbcb-pro01a | The market should determine the price of products and services A free market gives the power to the people to choose and decide what products and services should be offered to them. If many people want the same thing the demand will be higher and it will be profitable to offer them on the market since it will sell, th... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-egppphbcb-pro01b",
"score": 0.7433239221572876,
"text": "Often when consumers buy things they might ostensibly believe that they have a choice, when in reality they do not, since they are presented with several options; I could e.g. either watch this blockbuster movie or that block... | [
{
"id": "test-philosophy-pppgshbsd-con05b",
"score": 0.6965143084526062,
"text": "While there are a vast number of potential combinations of resources, the ones that are useless are mostly obvious and do not need a market to tell us so. Nobody would attempt to generate power by burning bicycles, for exa... |
test-economy-egppphbcb-pro03a | The capitalist society enhances personal freedom The Western democratic capitalist system protects individual's rights and liberties through freedom from of interference by other people. Mature adult citizens are believed to have the capacity to choose what kind of life they want to lead and create their own future wi... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-egppphbcb-pro03b",
"score": 0.7511627078056335,
"text": "Capitalists often disregard the fact that people, although being individuals, also are formed by their social circumstances 1/2. People's class belonging, sexuality, sex, nationality, education etc. have a major impact on peo... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-thsptr-pro02b",
"score": 0.6808266043663025,
"text": "Possessing greater wealth does not obligate an individual to contribute more to the state by any moral precept. All people’s property rights should be protected equally. Citizens who succeed by their own industry and accrue weal... |
test-economy-egppphbcb-pro04a | Incentive in form of profit benefits society as a whole The strongest motivational force a human being can feel towards work is a potential reward for their effort, therefore those who work hard and contribute most to society should justly also gain the most in form of increased wealth (e.g. private property). When wo... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-egppphbcb-pro04b",
"score": 0.7308794856071472,
"text": "According to Karl Marx work should not be regarded as just a means to achieve a reward in the form of profit, work should (i) be directed to the need of their fellows, (ii) be an enjoyable, meaningful activity which develop h... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-thsptr-pro02b",
"score": 0.692685067653656,
"text": "Possessing greater wealth does not obligate an individual to contribute more to the state by any moral precept. All people’s property rights should be protected equally. Citizens who succeed by their own industry and accrue wealt... |
test-economy-egppphbcb-con02a | Socialism provides a more sustainable way of living Capitalism always acts on the cost of nature and its ecological balance. With its imperative to constantly expand profitability, it exposes ecosystems to destabilizing pollutants, fragments habitats that have evolved over time to allow the flourishing of organisms, s... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-egppphbcb-con02b",
"score": 0.6780532002449036,
"text": "In practice capitalism and environmentalism do not necessarily have to clash with each other as can been proved by small enterprises that can directly implement green criteria by, for example, using renewable energy sources, ... | [
{
"id": "training-international-ghbwg-pro03a",
"score": 0.6439314484596252,
"text": "A world government would enhance the probability of mitigating global environmental problems A world government would enhance the probability that effective means will be developed and implemented toward ameliorating t... |
test-economy-egppphbcb-con03a | Socialism is a more secure system than the free market in Capitalism 'Credit bubbles' and resultant credit crunches (financial crisis) are inherent in the capitalist system. The economy undergoes a crisis whenever productive economic sectors begin to undergo a slowdown resulting in falls in profits. The recent crisis ... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-egppphbcb-con03b",
"score": 0.7370486855506897,
"text": "In order to avoid economic crisis there is a need to return to a separation of commercial banking from investment banking which was e.g. implemented as legislation in the U.S.A. under the 1933 Glass-Steagall Act (scrapped und... | [
{
"id": "test-philosophy-pppgshbsd-con02b",
"score": 0.6887858510017395,
"text": "Setting the crises of the last few years against decades of prolonged growth under market capitalism really shows the lie of this idea. There is no doubt that certain sectors over-reached themselves in the latter part of t... |
test-economy-egppphbcb-con01a | Socialism leads to a more humane equal society The gap between poor and rich countries has never been as great as it is today, Warren Buffet's wealth was estimated to be a net worth of approximately US$62 billion in 20081, this while one in seven people on earth goes to bed hungry every night and 6.54 million children... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-egppphbcb-con01b",
"score": 0.7312558889389038,
"text": "The reasons behind the poverty gap are not purely because of a capitalist expansion; a clear example may be seen at the development of the African region between the 1960. Free market economics also provides the solution to ... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-egppphbcb-pro03b",
"score": 0.6905068755149841,
"text": "Capitalists often disregard the fact that people, although being individuals, also are formed by their social circumstances 1/2. People's class belonging, sexuality, sex, nationality, education etc. have a major impact on peo... |
test-economy-bhahwbsps-pro02a | This ban would lower healthcare costs. The health problems that smokers experience cost taxpayers (where healthcare is provided by the government) or the individual (for private healthcare) a lot of money. Decreasing the number of smokers – as a result of a reduction in both “social smokers” (those who smoke when out ... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-bhahwbsps-pro02b",
"score": 0.7624495029449463,
"text": "f the government wants to save money, they should not be trying to reduce smoking levels, since smokers are the source of a great deal of tax income. While the NHS might spend some of their money on smokers (whose health issu... | [
{
"id": "validation-health-dhwiftj-con01b",
"score": 0.7239390015602112,
"text": "This is a very limited view of government; today everyone agrees that the government should be allowed to tax things that harm us such as alcohol and tobacco. These, like fat, only indirectly harm others. Attitudes toward... |
test-economy-bhahwbsps-pro01a | Exposing non-smokers to second-hand smoke goes against their rights. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (a list of rights to which the United Nations has declared that all human beings should be entitled) states that "Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himse... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-bhahwbsps-pro01b",
"score": 0.8430385589599609,
"text": "It is very difficult to properly scientifically measure the risk for non-smokers of being exposed to second-hand smoke. To do a proper experiment, scientists would need to find a large group of people who had never been expos... | [
{
"id": "training-health-ahghhwdsas-con05b",
"score": 0.7730451226234436,
"text": "Goods provided by the state, like healthcare, are often, and necessarily, subject to certain provisions. For example, in order to get unemployment benefits, a person must prove that they are regularly looking for a job an... |
test-economy-bhahwbsps-pro03a | This ban would encourage smokers to smoke less or give up smoking altogether. Not being able to smoke in public will make it more difficult for smokers to keep up with their habit. For example, if they are no longer able to smoke in the pub, smokers would have to go outside – possibly in the rain or other uncomfortabl... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-bhahwbsps-pro03b",
"score": 0.8288518786430359,
"text": "While some studies have shown that numbers of smokers in countries in which a smoking ban has been introduced have fallen, it seems that these results only represent those people who were trying to quit smoking anyway, with t... | [
{
"id": "test-health-ahiahbgbsp-pro02a",
"score": 0.7848439812660217,
"text": "Reduce smoking A ban on smoking in public places would help reduce the rates of people smoking, by making it appear socially unusual – people will have to leave enclosed public places to smoke, each time they want to smoke. ... |
test-economy-bhahwbsps-pro04a | This ban would be easy to introduce. A ban in all public places would be no more difficult to introduce than existing bans preventing smoking in only some public places. As long as people are given plenty of notice of changes, as was done in airports in Saudi Arabia, and the rules are made clear and readily available1... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-bhahwbsps-pro04b",
"score": 0.8692386746406555,
"text": "This ban would not be so easy to introduce. A ban on smoking in all public places would not be easily accepted by all. For example, there are groups in England seeking to change the existing ban there so that more places are ... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-bhahwbsps-con01b",
"score": 0.7702258825302124,
"text": "In some countries, compliance rates have actually been high, proving that it is not a problem with the idea of having a ban but with the authorities themselves in different countries. In Scotland, for example, reports from 3 ... |
test-economy-bhahwbsps-con02a | Smokers have a right to enjoy themselves. Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that "All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood"1. So, smokers have the same rights as ... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-bhahwbsps-con02b",
"score": 0.7890341877937317,
"text": "While all humans do have the right to rest and leisure, they should not be allowed to do so at the expense of the health and safety of other human beings. Serial killers enjoy killing people1, but it is against the law to com... | [
{
"id": "test-health-ahiahbgbsp-con01a",
"score": 0.7436708211898804,
"text": "Paternalistic Personal autonomy has to be the key to this debate. If people want to smoke – and the owner of the public place has no issue with that – it is not the role of the state to step in. While smoking is dangerous, p... |
test-economy-bhahwbsps-con03a | This ban would put many pubs, clubs, etc. out of business. If smokers are not allowed to smoke in pubs, they will not spend as much time in them, preferring to stay at home where they can smoke with their friends. This will put many pubs out of business. In fact, since the smoking ban was introduced in the UK, many pu... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-bhahwbsps-con03b",
"score": 0.8166700005531311,
"text": "While pubs and restaurants might lose money from some smokers initially, they will gain money from those who are more likely to eat/drink somewhere if they know they will not have to breathe in second-hand smoke. Even the Sav... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-bhahwbsps-pro03a",
"score": 0.7626739740371704,
"text": "This ban would encourage smokers to smoke less or give up smoking altogether. Not being able to smoke in public will make it more difficult for smokers to keep up with their habit. For example, if they are no longer able to ... |
test-economy-bhahwbsps-con01a | This ban would be difficult to enforce. Given the popularity of smoking, a ban on smoking in all enclosed public places would be difficult to enforce, requiring constant vigilance by many police officers or security cameras. It has been reported that smoking bans are not being enforced in Yakima, Washington 1, Atlanti... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-bhahwbsps-con01b",
"score": 0.7499269843101501,
"text": "In some countries, compliance rates have actually been high, proving that it is not a problem with the idea of having a ban but with the authorities themselves in different countries. In Scotland, for example, reports from 3 ... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-bhahwbsps-pro04b",
"score": 0.7037588953971863,
"text": "This ban would not be so easy to introduce. A ban on smoking in all public places would not be easily accepted by all. For example, there are groups in England seeking to change the existing ban there so that more places are ... |
test-economy-bepiehbesa-pro02a | It is unfair to new members of EU Not only are the largest recipients of CAP western countries – France, Spain and Germany - also the payments per hectare of arable lands differ significantly between new and old members of EU. The new members of EU with their economies often struggling and more dependent on agricultur... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-bepiehbesa-pro02b",
"score": 0.7318516373634338,
"text": "The costs of starting and maintaining business in agriculture vary among European countries as well – the costs of additional materials can be much cheaper in for example Poland than in France. The costs of life vary among E... | [
{
"id": "training-international-ehbbsgier-pro01a",
"score": 0.694850504398346,
"text": "The Rebate is not justified The British rebate is an undeserved anomaly - no other country has a similar arrangement to pay back part of its contribution to the EU budget. Germany, the Netherlands, Denmark and Swede... |
test-economy-bepiehbesa-pro01a | CAP is costly and unfair to other industries Currently CAP costs the European Union approx. 40% of its whole budget. However, this money is used to provide subsidies for industry that only employs less than 5 % of workforce and creates less than 2 % of GDP. [1] We can easily assume that nearly half of EU’s budget can ... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-bepiehbesa-pro01b",
"score": 0.7107019424438477,
"text": "The importance of agricultural industry cannot be valued on the merit of how much percent of GDP it creates. It is one of the industries that are vital for the society as whole – without food the society cannot properly func... | [
{
"id": "training-international-ehbbsgier-con01a",
"score": 0.6702893376350403,
"text": "Britain should not pay more than other countries Britain’s rebate is completely justified. Without it Britain would pay far more into the EU than it ever received back. The UK government argues “Without the rebate,... |
test-economy-bepiehbesa-pro03a | It harms the economies of developing world The current model of CAP results in major oversupply of food and beverages. In 2008 the stockpiles of cereals rising to 717 810 tons while the surplus of wine was about 2.3 million hectolitres. [1] This excess of supply is then often sold to developing countries for prices so... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-bepiehbesa-pro03b",
"score": 0.7124952077865601,
"text": "Developing countries often face a problem when the local people simply cannot afford food (for example as a result of drought or floods destroying local crops) – thus giving them food for greatly reduced price helps a lot of... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-bepiehbesa-pro01a",
"score": 0.6595869064331055,
"text": "CAP is costly and unfair to other industries Currently CAP costs the European Union approx. 40% of its whole budget. However, this money is used to provide subsidies for industry that only employs less than 5 % of workforce... |
test-economy-bepiehbesa-pro04a | It doesn’t serve its purpose (subsidies to larger farmers) The CAP as originally proposed was aimed to support small, local, family farmers which have difficulties with sustaining their business in competitive environment. The conference in Stresa in 1958 that helped define CAP’s objectives stated “Given the importanc... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-bepiehbesa-pro04b",
"score": 0.7183539867401123,
"text": "Even the larger companies can have difficulties in a market in which their consumers, the supermarkets, have so much power over prices. The result is often that supermarkets buy their produce at below the cost of production ... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-bepiehbesa-con01b",
"score": 0.6757318377494812,
"text": "In the current interconnected world it is hard to imagine a situation when the EU will be unable to buy enough food for its citizens on the global market. Countries of the EU are among the richest in the world and have enoug... |
test-economy-bepiehbesa-con02a | It protects rural communities People in EU are hard to convince that staying in rural areas and working as a farmer is a viable life choice. The profit is often low, the starting costs are high and work is hard. The income of a farmer is usually around half of the average wage in a given country and the number of thes... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-bepiehbesa-con02b",
"score": 0.7461799383163452,
"text": "We can see from continuous decline of farms in Europe that the CAP has been ineffective in creating enough incentive for people to stay in villages and farms. And it is doubtful if even the reform of CAP can change this situ... | [
{
"id": "training-international-ehbsansaje-con02a",
"score": 0.7055140733718872,
"text": "CAP and Fisheries policies would damage traditional industr By remaining outside the EU itself, neither has to sacrifice key elements of its domestic economy to Brussels in a way countries like the UK do. For cult... |
test-economy-bepiehbesa-con03a | CAP protects the quality of the food in EU The role of CAP is to produce food at affordable prices while maintaining its quality. By having policies which favour agriculture in Europe it is easier to control the quality of the food, maintain it and also support the diversity of the food produced in EU. [1] The goods i... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-bepiehbesa-con03b",
"score": 0.769262969493866,
"text": "The standards of quality can and are checked for imports. Only food, produced without potentially harmful agents and in a certain way, can be sold on European market. The fact that food was not produced in EU does not mean th... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-bepiehbesa-con01b",
"score": 0.7168797850608826,
"text": "In the current interconnected world it is hard to imagine a situation when the EU will be unable to buy enough food for its citizens on the global market. Countries of the EU are among the richest in the world and have enoug... |
test-economy-bepiehbesa-con01a | CAP maintains European food security The subsidies to agriculture are important for maintaining self-sufficiency to enable Europe to feed its own citizens. In the world of fluctuating markets, global climate change, commodity crisis such in 2008, the state intervention is even more important because that means that th... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-bepiehbesa-con01b",
"score": 0.7504441142082214,
"text": "In the current interconnected world it is hard to imagine a situation when the EU will be unable to buy enough food for its citizens on the global market. Countries of the EU are among the richest in the world and have enoug... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-bepiehbesa-con02b",
"score": 0.7109940648078918,
"text": "We can see from continuous decline of farms in Europe that the CAP has been ineffective in creating enough incentive for people to stay in villages and farms. And it is doubtful if even the reform of CAP can change this situ... |
test-economy-thhghwhwift-pro02a | There is ample precedent in the form of other “sin” taxes A sin tax is a term often used for fees tacked on to popular vices like drinking, gambling and smoking. Its roots have been traced back to the 16th century Vatican, where Pope Leo X taxed licensed prostitutes. [1] More recently, and with greater success, US fe... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-thhghwhwift-pro02b",
"score": 0.724785566329956,
"text": "Choosing to introduce a new policy based on experience with a different, seemingly similar case, is not a good idea. Tobacco and fatty food are vastly different things for a couple of reasons. An obvious one is the fact tha... | [
{
"id": "training-health-hgwsytpsctpf-pro04b",
"score": 0.683656632900238,
"text": "Even if we were to accept that the government has a role in combatting the so-called ‘obesity epidemic’, that does not justify it taking any measures it deems appropriate. The government should at the very least be able ... |
test-economy-thhghwhwift-pro01a | An individual's BMI is no longer a purely personal matter The obesity epidemic is taking an enormous toll on global medical costs. In the US alone the health care costs attributable to either direct or indirect consequences of obesity have been estimated at $147bn. [1] Put into context, this amounts to roughly 9% of t... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-thhghwhwift-pro01b",
"score": 0.7296686768531799,
"text": "An important source of extravagant medical spending around the world, especially in the US, can be traced to inherent inefficiencies of current medical care systems. [1] And the current trends show the situation to be worse... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-thhghwhwift-pro02b",
"score": 0.6927130222320557,
"text": "Choosing to introduce a new policy based on experience with a different, seemingly similar case, is not a good idea. Tobacco and fatty food are vastly different things for a couple of reasons. An obvious one is the fact th... |
test-economy-thhghwhwift-pro03a | A fat tax levels out the playing field for healthier food An important reason why people continuously turn to unhealthy, fat, sugar and salt laden food, is the simple fact that it’s often cheaper than a more wholesome meal comprised at least in part of fresh produce. A study done at the University of Washington found... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-thhghwhwift-pro03b",
"score": 0.7968720197677612,
"text": "While the tax might level out the playing field, it does so to the detriment of those that would need our protection the most. Instead of making healthy food more accessible, we would make all foods less accessible – a tru... | [
{
"id": "validation-health-dhwiftj-pro02a",
"score": 0.7212094068527222,
"text": "Other taxes try to change behaviour Taxes that try to change people’s behaviour on things that are not liked have been used since the 16th century, and are commonly applied to alcohol, smoking and gambling. In the US, wh... |
test-economy-thhghwhwift-con02a | A tax is not an effective instrument to fight obesity There are very legitimate concerns whether artificially increasing the cost of fatty food by specifically targeting it with a tax would have a significant effect on the obesity trend. In fact, research shows that a fat tax would produce only a marginal change in c... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-thhghwhwift-con02b",
"score": 0.7481023073196411,
"text": "Though one might be inclined to agree with the statement, that a fat tax on its own would be insufficient to solve the problem of rising obesity, it is also simply not the case. There are numerous educational campaigns und... | [
{
"id": "training-health-hgwsytpsctpf-con02a",
"score": 0.7059637308120728,
"text": "The ban is ineffective in addressing the problem of obesity. Studies have shown that only a very small amount of the calories consumed by children come from foods like the Happy Meal. And while kids are eating at fast ... |
test-economy-thhghwhwift-con03a | It hits the most vulnerable part of society hardest The practical consequence of an additional tax on what the government considers fatty unhealthy food will disproportionately affect the poorest part of the population, who often turn to such food due to economic constraints. These were the concerns that stopped the ... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-thhghwhwift-con03b",
"score": 0.6375971436500549,
"text": "Even if this policy might cause some families to spend more on their food – even more than they feel like they can afford – it still is more important to start significantly dealing with the obesity epidemic. We feel that n... | [
{
"id": "training-economy-beegshbtsb-con04b",
"score": 0.6054208874702454,
"text": "Only some SME will be affected, and those on such a knife edge financially would probably not have lasted long in the face of competition in any event. Such enterprises are really being subsidised by taking advantage of ... |
test-economy-thhghwhwift-con01a | A fat tax infringes on individual choice Introducing such a tax would constitute an overstepping of the government’s authority. The role of government in a society should not expand further than providing basic services such as education, legal protection, i.e. only the services necessary for a society to function and... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-thhghwhwift-con01b",
"score": 0.7398241758346558,
"text": "Such a limited view of the role of government may be something we have seen in the past, but even conservative governments today are warming to the ideas of social support, progressive taxation, etc. This shows a clear tre... | [
{
"id": "training-philosophy-pppghwblro-con03b",
"score": 0.7009970545768738,
"text": "The reduction in the size of the state is a process and not an event. Rolling back the state can be done over time giving people responsibility and power over their lives on a growing range of issues. The presumption ... |
test-economy-fiahwpamu-pro02a | Small is beautiful: community empowerment Microfinance is empowering the communities that are using it - showing in development, small is beautiful. Communities are empowered to change their conditions. For example taking the case of savings - microfinance allows for savings. Half of the adults that saved in Sub-Sahar... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-fiahwpamu-pro02b",
"score": 0.804864764213562,
"text": "One of the key benefits highlighted about Oxfam’s Saving for Change Initiative is the empowerment provided for women. Women are argued to be more independent, able to organise within communities, and provided with a voice of p... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-fiahwpamu-pro04a",
"score": 0.7141231894493103,
"text": "Rebuilding agricultural systems Africa is faced with an agrarian crisis. Microfinance is providing rural communities a chance to gain food security and reduce vulnerability to risks such as climate change, unstable demand, a... |
test-economy-fiahwpamu-pro05a | Microfinance and protection Access to a small loan provides benefits for the poor’s ability to access high quality health care. A lack of access to banking facilities - loans and credit - may mean the poor are left excluded from health care services as these are usually not free. Microfinance institutions accept the i... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-fiahwpamu-pro05b",
"score": 0.7657193541526794,
"text": "Loans provided are embedded with conditions, which can constrain what an individual can do with the money. A microfinance loan is still a loan, it needs to be paid back, if someone is in poor health for a long period they wil... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-fiahwpamu-pro03a",
"score": 0.7157425284385681,
"text": "Ending poverty through entrepreneurialism Introducing finance provides communities with access to startup capital. Access to financial capital is vital in several respects for initiating capitalism. Firstly, access to capita... |
test-economy-fiahwpamu-pro01a | A livelihoods approach The livelihoods approach provides a useful model to understand how poor people live [1] ; and remains important to recognising the benefits of microfinance. The provision of microfinance reduces vulnerability to shocks and changes such as losing a job; enhances people’s access to assets that th... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-fiahwpamu-pro01b",
"score": 0.7314897179603577,
"text": "The provision of microfinance within livelihoods is based on a positive view of social capital [1] and cohesion. The idea relies upon a perception whereby social networks within the community are able to positively organise f... | [
{
"id": "training-economy-epiasfhbac-pro06b",
"score": 0.6913565993309021,
"text": "Finance markets being promoted are introducing risk when insurance, and safety-nets, remain minimal. Investments in housing finance schemes needs to raise questions. Firstly, who organises micro-finance schemes? The idea... |
test-economy-fiahwpamu-pro03a | Ending poverty through entrepreneurialism Introducing finance provides communities with access to startup capital. Access to financial capital is vital in several respects for initiating capitalism. Firstly, access to capital enables entrepreneurialism. The poor have business ideas that would benefit both themselves a... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-fiahwpamu-pro03b",
"score": 0.667592465877533,
"text": "Can we rely on business to solve social problems? Ultimately the model proposed through microfinance schemes is the creation of a consumer market where risks are already high. This has shown to be one of the key factors of mic... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-egppphbcb-pro03a",
"score": 0.6335890293121338,
"text": "The capitalist society enhances personal freedom The Western democratic capitalist system protects individual's rights and liberties through freedom from of interference by other people. Mature adult citizens are believed to... |
test-economy-fiahwpamu-pro04a | Rebuilding agricultural systems Africa is faced with an agrarian crisis. Microfinance is providing rural communities a chance to gain food security and reduce vulnerability to risks such as climate change, unstable demand, and political tensions. Microfinance supports small scale agriculture – which is more sustainabl... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-fiahwpamu-pro04b",
"score": 0.8025230765342712,
"text": "There is a need to reinvigorate Africa’s agricultural system; however, the ability for microfinance to do this is debatable. The distribution of loans is not necessarily adequate or responsive to the need. The loans provided ... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-fiahwpamu-con02a",
"score": 0.7285925149917603,
"text": "Deeper issues unresolved Microfinance provides a quick-fix solution for the poor. The individual, or community, is provided with a loan to invest in their future. However, although access to capital is a key concern for enab... |
test-economy-fiahwpamu-con02a | Deeper issues unresolved Microfinance provides a quick-fix solution for the poor. The individual, or community, is provided with a loan to invest in their future. However, although access to capital is a key concern for enabling entrepreneurialism it is not the silver bullet. Microfinance schemes will fail without pro... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-fiahwpamu-con02b",
"score": 0.8374013900756836,
"text": "Microfinance does not have to be short term financing. Because it is a community based loan that is based on trust if those wanting the loan can explain why they want a loan over the longer term then it is possible to get lon... | [
{
"id": "test-international-eiahwpamu-pro03b",
"score": 0.7562244534492493,
"text": "Can we rely on business to solve social problems? Ultimately the model proposed through microfinance schemes is the creation of a consumer market where risks are already high. This has shown to be one of the key factors... |
test-economy-fiahwpamu-con03a | Debt cycles and the curse of microfinance Microfinance is incorporating free market ideologies and subprime (lending to those who may not be able to repay) lending at a smaller scale. Unstable crises’ form as a result, and debt is intensified for the poorest - of which are given access to credit they are not able to r... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-fiahwpamu-con03b",
"score": 0.7116411924362183,
"text": "Africa’s microfinance schemes can be different, and are fundamentally different. Across Africa there is a history of informal lending. Microfinance is not new, but rather embedded in traditional practices. This means communit... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-fiahwpamu-pro04a",
"score": 0.6550954580307007,
"text": "Rebuilding agricultural systems Africa is faced with an agrarian crisis. Microfinance is providing rural communities a chance to gain food security and reduce vulnerability to risks such as climate change, unstable demand, a... |
test-economy-fiahwpamu-con01a | Realistic barriers There are significant barriers to introducing microfinance. Microfinance can’t reach everywhere; a lack of infrastructure, or poor infrastructure, can mean that microfinance initiatives often can’t reach where need is greatest. Those who are poorest most need money just to get buy, not to invest. Th... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-fiahwpamu-con01b",
"score": 0.783149003982544,
"text": "All policies have barriers and potential disadvantages and for a scheme to be rolled out the advantages must outweigh the costs. In the case of microfinance advantages are higher. Microfinance has a low cost for implementation... | [
{
"id": "training-economy-epiasfhbac-pro06b",
"score": 0.7122540473937988,
"text": "Finance markets being promoted are introducing risk when insurance, and safety-nets, remain minimal. Investments in housing finance schemes needs to raise questions. Firstly, who organises micro-finance schemes? The idea... |
test-economy-eptpghdtre-pro02a | Historically Democrats have presided over more economic stability whereas the GOP is the party of boom and Bust During the past 60 years Democrats have been considerably more likely to preside over a balanced budget than their Republican rivals. Since the OPEC shocks of the mid-70s the average unemployment rate under ... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-eptpghdtre-pro02b",
"score": 0.7227501273155212,
"text": "The reason for the apparent superiority of Democrat administrations is that they use government as a job creation service; using taxpayers’ money to create jobs in a bloated federal administration [i] . Ultimately, these ar... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-eptpghdtre-pro03a",
"score": 0.683939516544342,
"text": "Democrats focus on increasing wages, creating better consumers. Quality customers can only be created by paying people enough to allow them to purchase goods and services. You can create as many jobs as you like but if they’... |
test-economy-eptpghdtre-pro01a | Bush squandered an extraordinary economic legacy on tax cuts for the wealthy and too expensive and unnecessary wars. The Clinton legacy was one of extraordinary economic health including an enormous $4,000 billion surplus. This could have been used to improve services and create jobs. Instead the Bush administration s... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-eptpghdtre-pro01b",
"score": 0.7682283520698547,
"text": "The logic behind tax cuts is two-fold. The first is that it isn’t the government’s money, it belongs to the people who worked hard to earn it. The second is that cash in people’s pockets acts as a stimulus to the economy whi... | [
{
"id": "test-politics-oapghwliva-con03b",
"score": 0.7235158681869507,
"text": "The use of the line-item veto power by President Clinton in 1997 demonstrates the advantages of such authority. Although the power was declared unconstitutional in 1998 by the Supreme Court, while he held it Clinton demonst... |
test-economy-eptpghdtre-pro03a | Democrats focus on increasing wages, creating better consumers. Quality customers can only be created by paying people enough to allow them to purchase goods and services. You can create as many jobs as you like but if they’re created at a level where consumers can’t even afford to survive it does absolutely nothing t... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-eptpghdtre-pro03b",
"score": 0.7030439376831055,
"text": "It is really not up to the Government to decide when a job is “good enough”, frankly when the alternative is welfare any job looks fairly attractive. It is also much easier to find new work when you are already in the job ma... | [
{
"id": "training-economy-epegppphw-con03b",
"score": 0.6678141951560974,
"text": "The notion that labour alienates might have looked true in Marx’s days, but nowadays, employers have learnt that if they want to get the most from their workforce, they need to make their jobs meaningful. Employers can do... |
test-economy-eptpghdtre-pro04a | Deregulation contributed to the banking crises and, therefore the 2009 economic crash It is clear that the economic meltdown was, in large part, caused by deregulation of the banking and financial sectors. The Republican obsession causes not only environmental damage and low wages but it doesn’t even succeed in its av... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-eptpghdtre-pro04b",
"score": 0.7371343374252319,
"text": "The events of late 2008 had a variety of complex causes. To try and blame them on one thing alone is not to understand the problem. What is clear however is that an active financial sector creates jobs and wealth for the Am... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-egppphbcb-con03b",
"score": 0.6789559125900269,
"text": "In order to avoid economic crisis there is a need to return to a separation of commercial banking from investment banking which was e.g. implemented as legislation in the U.S.A. under the 1933 Glass-Steagall Act (scrapped und... |
test-economy-eptpghdtre-con02a | Republicans more enthusiastically support market capitalism A free market is at the core of many of the other freedoms we enjoy. When government gets too involved in the running of commerce – whether through taxation, regulation or the state ownership of companies, history has shown us that they start controlling othe... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-eptpghdtre-con02b",
"score": 0.7025246620178223,
"text": "The idea that free markets are innately linked to democracy in some way is simply untrue. Equally there is a difference between markets that are free and those that are unfettered. Free markets are good to the extent that t... | [
{
"id": "training-economy-eptppppgh-pro02a",
"score": 0.6662077903747559,
"text": "Government was required to drive through major changes such as drives for equality within society, universal education, and preservation of the environment. Mostly in the teeth of big business Nobody would deny the role ... |
test-economy-eptpghdtre-con03a | “After three years, it is clear that President Obama’s budget-busting policies have not created jobs and have only added to our debt,” The Obama administration has been profligate with taxpayers’ money, has failed to deal with the economic crisis and has increased the debt. His policies on health care show that he is ... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-eptpghdtre-con03b",
"score": 0.7576274275779724,
"text": "The Obama administration received one of the worst political legacies in US history. A broken economy, half a trillion dollars’ worth of debt, two expensive wars, a sick healthcare system and much more besides. In just three... | [
{
"id": "training-economy-epehwpaja-pro03b",
"score": 0.7190060615539551,
"text": "The American Jobs Act may be projected to create a lot of jobs. However, this comes following tax cuts and a fiscal stimulus package in 2009. In the past these measures to help the economy failed, with unemployment remain... |
test-economy-eptpghdtre-con01a | Republicans are the best at stimulating economic growth The tax cuts proposed by President Bush and passed by a Republican Congress ensured that real, after-tax income was up 15% by 2006. The Dow Jones hit record Highs during his time in office. These tax cuts were responsible for the creation of 6.6 million jobs, pr... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-eptpghdtre-con01b",
"score": 0.6774345636367798,
"text": "George Bush announced that cutting government was one of his greatest priorities, his actions could not have been further from this ambition. As with most Republican presidents, government spending grew considerably on his w... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-thsptr-pro05b",
"score": 0.6424248814582825,
"text": "Progressive taxation does not improve economic growth. This is because, when the rich are heavily taxed, they have less likely to invest in new enterprises. Higher taxes serve as a disincentive to investment, both domestic and f... |
test-economy-epehwmrbals-pro02a | International labour and business standards go hand in hand with development standards and will de facto increase implementation levels What are international labour and business standards? They are globally acceptable methods of doing business and employing labour. These include Conventions Against Forced Labour [1] ... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-epehwmrbals-pro02b",
"score": 0.739513635635376,
"text": "Developing nations are plagued with corruption as well as desperate economic situations and are often in competition with each other in exporting whether that is manufacturing for slightly richer countries of South East Asia... | [
{
"id": "training-international-seighweo-pro01a",
"score": 0.6920192241668701,
"text": "Offshore outsourcing is consistent with existing labour distribution patterns. Offshore outsourcing lowers the cost of goods and services. There is no real need for all of the goods and services that are consumed wi... |
test-economy-epehwmrbals-pro05a | When developing countries employ poor labour standards, other countries follow the example in order to be competitive As long as developing nations constantly keep employing poor labour standards, it will keep putting a strain on the global economy. This is because other countries will be pressured to do the same just... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-epehwmrbals-pro05b",
"score": 0.7672452926635742,
"text": "This is similar to the debate of imposing uniform carbon emission caps on all nations. This would be unfair as the developing world would be at a disadvantage as it takes away one of the ways in which poorer countries compe... | [
{
"id": "training-economy-fegippghp-con05b",
"score": 0.7285152673721313,
"text": "Even if that were true, people naturally want to trade with each other, seeking to turn their particular resources or skills to their advantage. All too often trade is limited not because government action is needed, but ... |
test-economy-epehwmrbals-pro01a | Labour standards are necessary to protect basic human rights Labour and business standards are a cornerstone of agreement on universal human rights between various international actors and so it is right that they should be linked to aid. In 1998 the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work were ad... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-epehwmrbals-pro01b",
"score": 0.7531386613845825,
"text": "Not all standards benefit human rights and some could even undermine individual’s most basic human rights such as that to sustenance and shelter. Standards combating child labour, for example, could be misguided. In many de... | [
{
"id": "test-economy-epehwmrbals-pro03a",
"score": 0.7146397829055786,
"text": "Increasing a standard, even if not as high as the donor would want, increases the standard of the present situation Increasing the required standard of business and labour will result in increases to the current standard l... |
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