spacesystems dict |
|---|
{
"answer": "In these cases, during the ionization process, the energy of the electron exceeds the energy difference of the potential barrier it is trying to pass.\n",
"question": "What is the energy difference of the potential barrier it is trying to pass?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "Current results indicate that even with MLI the maximum temperature is greater than Tc.\n",
"question": "What is the maximum temperature of a MLI?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "The development of computer technology has created favorable conditions for the development of decentralized filter.\n",
"question": "What is the name of the decentralized filter?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "This is a reality in space, for instance, in the case of intersatellite links.\n",
"question": "What is a reality in space?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "A review of existing regression rate measurement techniques on paraffin wax based fuels and the results obtained with various additives are collated and discussed in this paper.\n",
"question": "What is the purpose of the paper?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "This custom design process was often driven by the fact that satellites were becoming more capable in size and performance.\n",
"question": "What was the reason satellites were becoming more capable?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "The GCOS also supports all the components of the World Climate Program, the assessment role of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and the international policy development role of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).\n",
"question": "What does the GCOS s... |
{
"answer": "In some cases, however, the FSS applications can include socalled store and forward and supervisory control and data acquisition (i.e., SCADA) noncontinuous communications.\n",
"question": "What type of applications can include store and forward and supervisory control and data acquisition?",
"source... |
{
"answer": "No clear cause was found for this interannual variability, which may stem from the gradual degradation of an individual AVHRR instrument.\n",
"question": "What is the cause of the variability?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "TRL 6 to 9 are normally performed within the framework of an already approved mission.\n",
"question": "What is the scope of TRL 6 to 9?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "However, after a thorough and intense debate, the delegations concluded that the merged option would be too complex for both spacecraft and payload development and would entail much more risk than the carrier option.\n",
"question": "What was the merged option's risk to the spacecraft?",
"source": "S... |
{
"answer": "F4 was used to perform numerous tests, including maneuvers with oxidizer for propulsion once the hydrazine ran out.\n",
"question": "What was the hydrazine used for?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "Table 1 presents a summary of past, current, and future spacebased LiDAR systems.\n",
"question": "What is the current status of LiDAR systems?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "This does not mean that the mission is any less likely to fulfill its mission objectives than a traditional mission.\n",
"question": "What is the likelihood of a mission meeting its mission objectives?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "Pointing by the instrument versus pointing by the satellite To fulfill its mission the satellite’s instruments must be pointed employing specified patterns.\n",
"question": "What is the difference between pointing by the instrument and pointing by the satellite?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "The RPWS instrument detects Saturn Electrostatic Discharges (SEDs).\n",
"question": "What does the RPWS instrument detect?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "We examine the nonlinearity effect in the Disturbed Storm Time ( Dst ) signals during minor , moderate and major geomagnetic storm between the year 2008 and 2016 using Recurrence Plot ( RP ) , Recurrence Rate ( RR ) and Approximate Entropy ( ApEn ).\n",
"question": "What is the nonlinearity effect in t... |
{
"answer": "Theoretical studies and simulations of this general plasma process have shown that this leads to a rarefaction wave propagating back into the plasma, particle expansion into the vacuum with a velocity related to the ion sound speed, and an exponentially decreasing density on the vacuum side of the interf... |
{
"answer": "Each time this occurs, a measurement is obtained of the drift rate of the TCXO.\n",
"question": "What is the drift rate of the TCXO?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "This mode orients the instrument boresights perpendicular to the field lines of the Earth’s magnetic field in regions of low field strength and parallel to the field lines in regions of high field strength, which allows better characterization of heavy ions trapped by the field.\n",
"question": "What m... |
{
"answer": "The 4metre instrument is a compact onaxis telescope, providing high quality mapping data.\n",
"question": "What is the purpose of the 4m telescope?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "This paper also discusses a novel retractable drag deorbit device (D3) that can be attached to existing CubeSat structures and can easily be scaled up for larger satellites.\n",
"question": "What is the D3?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "As an alternative, all satellites can be identical, but one at a time is used for transmission and transmission times per orbit are equally shared by different radars.\n",
"question": "What is the difference between satellites?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "WeIght and Power for the AttltudeControl Component.\n",
"question": "What is the AttltudeControl Component?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "When the wave interacts with the medium (lossy media), energy is removed from the wave and converted to heat.\n",
"question": "What happens when a wave interacts with a medium?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "The other programs, termed optional, involve only several Member States which are free to establish their level of financial participation to such programs on the basis of subjective evaluations.\n",
"question": "What is the definition of optional?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "Other goals include understanding the formation of stars and planets, and direct imaging of exoplanets and novas.\n",
"question": "What is one of the goals of studying the formation of stars and planets?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "When V = 6r , the body trajectories have also shown to have two shapes: i.e., the “8shape” (initial stage) and the half “8shape” (final stage).\n",
"question": "What shape is the final stage of the body trajectories?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "In particular, the roadmaps for the procurement of technologies required for the HERACLES mission are here presented through its main building blocks.\n",
"question": "What are the main building blocks of the roadmaps for the procurement of technologies?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "The redesigned bearing and power transfer assembly solved the antenna “freezing” problem and spun around smoothly to allow the “despun” antenna to constantly point toward Earth.\n",
"question": "What was the problem with the antenna?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "Figure 8.5 provides a graphical overview on the temperature limits of each “Flying Laptop” component as representative mission example (the detailed values are already included in Table 8.1).\n",
"question": "What is the temperature limit of each component?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "Figure 20 shows an example of global precipitation map generated by JAXA.\n",
"question": "What is the name of the map generated by JAXA?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "Both Germany and the United States developed reusable liquid propellant rocket engines that used a storeable liquid oxidizer with much greater density than LOX and a liquid fuel that ignited spontaneously on contact with the high density oxidizer.\n",
"question": "What was the main difference between L... |
{
"answer": "The multiethnic country Indonesia, sometimes torn by internal conflict, chose the name Palapa, which means “unity” in Bahasa Indonesian, the official language.\n",
"question": "What is the official language of Indonesia?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "Adequate technical interfaces are consistent with the 5. overall technical maturity and provide an acceptable level of risk.\n",
"question": "What is the 5 level of technical maturity?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "This method cannot be applied for antisymmetric modes.\n",
"question": "What is the method that cannot be applied for antisymmetric modes?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "Variation with Time of the Longitudinal Static Acceleration During Rockot Flight (Eurockot Users Manual Eurockot 1999).\n",
"question": "What is the name of the book that describes the changes in the speed of the Rockot?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "When light is absorbed by a material such as a semiconductor, the number of free electrons and electron holes increases and raises its electrical conductivity.\n",
"question": "What is the number of free electrons and electron holes in a semiconductor?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "NASA strongly suggests that all materials developed for NASA education projects go through this review and we hope scientists or E/PO professionals who have not used this NASA service, do so.\n",
"question": "What is the purpose of this review?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "With gridconnected photovoltaic power system, excess electricity can be sent to the electrical grid.\n",
"question": "What is the purpose of a photovoltaic system?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "This work was further refined by JosephLouis Lagrange and Pierre Simon Laplace, allowing the masses of the planets and moons to be estimated from their perturbations.\n",
"question": "What was the name of the work that JosephLouis Lagrange and Pierre Simon Laplace refined?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDa... |
{
"answer": "The Board of Directors has responsibility for the design, development, operation, and maintenance of RASCOM’s space segments, as well as other activities that the Assembly of Parties authorizes it to undertake.\n",
"question": "What is the role of the Board of Directors?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsData... |
{
"answer": "A gliding parachute was also developed for the planned X38 crewed system (Fig. 18.5).\n",
"question": "What was the gliding parachute used for?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "Finally, Figure 16 shows the evolution of the timevarying network topology along with an estimate of the QoS of the network, computed as in (9).\n",
"question": "What is the QoS of the network?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "Parameter analysis is performed by changing the parameters of the plasma like number density, AC frequency, temperature anisotropy, etc. The influence of AC frequency on Doppler shift and the comparative study of growth rate of oblique and parallel propagating waves are analyzed using generalized distrib... |
{
"answer": "The trend of pressure distributions are consistent in cold and hot condition before the combustor.\n",
"question": "What is the trend of pressure distributions consistent in cold and hot condition before the combustor?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "The purpose of communications satellites is to relay the signal around the curve of the Earth allowing communication between widely separated geographical points.\n",
"question": "What is the purpose of satellites?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "When the satellite reaches apogee of the transfer orbit, it does a combined plane change maneuver.\n",
"question": "What is the combined plane change maneuver?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "This allows the space user to apply these ideas to solve their problems.\n",
"question": "What is the purpose of the space user's ideas?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "For failureprobabilities (At) less than 0.1 or reliability greater than 0.9, the following Much valuable help in the formatting of this chapter was received from Emery L Reeves of the U.S.\n",
"question": "What is the reliability of the failureprobabilities?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "Imaging satellites are typically in orbits about 400– 800 km altitude, but some have a significantly lower perigee —there have been examples as low as 125 km in which case significant amounts of fuel have to be carried by the satellite to raise the perigee once an observing campaign has been completed.\n... |
{
"answer": "This spot shielding has the advantage of being lighter than more traditional techniques.\n",
"question": "What is the advantage of spot shielding?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "Sources of vibration can be either external (e.g. launcher) or internal to the spacecraft (moving parts, mechanisms, and so forth).\n",
"question": "What is the source of vibration in a spacecraft?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "Of course, this poses major problems in determination and control a b c V/PRF Velocity direction 1 1 1 1 1 V/PRF Velocity direction 1 12 3 2 V/PRF Velocity direction 2 2 1 3 3 1 Fig. 18.1 Classical monostatic SAR concept (a); distributed SAR with multimonostatic geome try (b); distributed SAR with multis... |
{
"answer": "This is consistent with the reported drop in ozone levels along with my analysis of lunar eclipse data.\n",
"question": "What is the drop in ozone levels?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "Is the SOW consistent with and does it use the same terminology as the technical product requirements?\n",
"question": "What does the SOW use to describe the technical product requirements?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "This evolution involves moving from more efficient beam switching to actual processing of signals to enhance signal and remove attenuation affecting the uplink and thus partially overcome rain attenuation.\n",
"question": "What is the purpose of the beam switching?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "However, due to various perturbation forces acting on the GEO satellite, it drifts gradually over time.\n",
"question": "What is the drift rate of the satellite?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "The format of the description sheet should, at a minimum, clarify the allocation of required system functions to that alternative’s lower level architectural or design components (e.g., subsystems).\n",
"question": "What should the description sheet clarify?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "The Falcon 9 v1.1, upgraded from the original Falcon 9, is a 60 percent heavier rocket with 60% more thrust.\n",
"question": "What is the new version of the Falcon 9?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "JPL continued to attempt to regain contact until May 24, 2011, when NASA announced that efforts to communicate with the unresponsive rover had ended.\n",
"question": "What happened to the JPL's attempt to contact NASA?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "One of the instruments is HP3 (Heat Flow and Physical Properties Package), which was developed by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) to measure the heat flow of the Martian outer crust.\n",
"question": "What is the name of the instrument HP3?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "Peer reviews/inspections improve quality and reduce cost by reducing rework.\n",
"question": "What is the purpose of peer reviews?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "To reduce costs, NASA’s LeRC decreased the BFN scope as recommended by the contractors.\n",
"question": "What was the BFN scope?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "Quaternion multiplication is associative, q ?\n",
"question": "What is the meaning of q?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "As is the case for the threebody problem, a complete analytic solution of the fourbody problem has not been obtained.\n",
"question": "What is the solution to the fourbody problem?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "Recall that, while discussing Mie scattering theory, we derived quantitatively the amount of wave power scattered and absorbed from the electromagnetic wave by any particular raindrop size, in terms of its scattering cross section and extinction cross section.\n",
"question": "What is the scattering cr... |
{
"answer": "Since then, COPUOS has been the principal international body dealing with matters of international cooperation in the peaceful exploration and use of outer space.\n",
"question": "What is the name of the COPUOS?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "And the gradientbased method is to determine the initial guess for each remained subspace.\n",
"question": "What is the initial guess for each remained subspace?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "These desires will create requirements .\n",
"question": "What will create requirements?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "The Separation Switch that signals release from the launch vehicle and the start of spacecraft operations is also part of the EPS.\n",
"question": "What is the EPS?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "The Sun photometers are calibrated at least twice per year with a 2m integrating sphere at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC).\n",
"question": "What is the name of the integrating sphere at GSFC?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "In general, it has been assumed that the regolith would be at least minimally processed before use.\n",
"question": "What is the minimum amount of processing required to make a regolith?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "The electric thrusters that can be bought off the shelf are GIE and Hall thrusters.\n",
"question": "What type of thrusters are GIE and Hall thrusters?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "Lithium (lithium–copper oxide) Li–CuOLiCuO1.7No longer manufactured.\n",
"question": "What is the name of the liquid that is no longer manufactured?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "So if we can save a few kilograms on the way into orbit, we can save a lot of money.\n",
"question": "What can we save a lot of money on the way into orbit?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "This is the only method of propagation possible at frequencies above 30MHz.\n",
"question": "What is the only way of propagation possible at frequencies above 30MHz?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "At all the sites, we required that the school’s administration, either a superintendent or principal, support the project to ensure sustainability of the project.\n",
"question": "What did the school administration need to support the project?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "The important point is to find parameters which genuinely measure the goal rather than ones which simply are easy to compute.\n",
"question": "What is the key to finding parameters that measure the goal?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "Compared with the SECM, the PPM_atm can reduce the radial orbit error RMS by 5.6 cm over a 7day prediction.\n",
"question": "What is the PPM_atm's effect on the RMS?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "The handheld phone introduced in 2010, the IsatPhone Pro, is similar to a GSM cellular phone.\n",
"question": "What is the IsatPhone Pro?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "The ACS must be capable of meeting these orientation requirements.\n",
"question": "What must the ACS be capable of meeting?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "Minimum working elevation angle (which determines swath width) Is as Sec.\n",
"question": "What is the minimum working elevation angle?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "This form for JCSI is also derived in Marec .\n",
"question": "What is the form for JCSI?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "This study investigated the effects of a biocontrol bacterium Pseudochrobactrum kiredjianiae A4 on growth development and antifungal potential of wheat seedlings under simulated microgravity.\n",
"question": "What is the name of the bacterium that was used to control growth of wheat seedlings?",
"sou... |
{
"answer": "One of the main issues connected to the use of this kind of filter is the need of customdesigned optics instead of a commercial one; this is due to the filter causing a variation of the B.F.L.\n",
"question": "What is the B.F.L.?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "On the ground track of IRSP2, in the vicinity of the origin (?\n",
"question": "Where is IRSP2 located?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "Naval Research Laboratory (NRL).\n",
"question": "What is the name of the Naval Research Laboratory?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "Throughout the remainder of this chapter, we shall adopt precisely the same presentation for Martian satellites as we did for terrestrial ones.\n",
"question": "What is the presentation for Martian satellites?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "The platform OBC controls a stable platform attitude like permanent Nadir pointing and the payload mission timeline is executed by the PMC Fig. 9.2 Payloads managed via PMC.\n",
"question": "What is the PMC's role in the payload mission?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "One may want to optimize the CMG gimbal rates to minimize both the torque error and the electromechanical power, which is not exactly equivalent to the twonorm of the gimbal rates.\n",
"question": "What is the purpose of optimizing the CMG gimbal rates?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "Simple ohmmeters cannot measure low resistances accurately because the resistance of their measuring leads causes a voltage drop that interferes with the measurement, so more accurate devices use fourterminal sensing.\n",
"question": "What is the difference between ohmmeters and fourterminal sensing?",... |
{
"answer": "Especially, parameters like noise and offset had to be checked routinely before and after integration steps.\n",
"question": "What parameters had to be checked routinely before and after integration steps?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "In this model, d(0) is unknown, which is equivalent to the assumption that the amplitude and phase of all harmonic components in the disturbance are unknown; however, the spectrum of d is assumed to be known.\n",
"question": "What is the spectrum of d assumed to be known?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDat... |
{
"answer": "The advantages of FECMS are further investigated by comparison with the conventional ECMS, dynamic programming and adaptive ECMS.\n",
"question": "What is the main advantage of FECMS?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "Eight satellites in two rows of four can be accommodated inside the volume provided by the launcher.\n",
"question": "How many satellites can be accommodated inside the volume provided by the launcher?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "In short, in a digital world, the objective has become to send more bits of information per available Hz of radio frequency.\n",
"question": "What is the objective of sending more bits of information per available Hz of radio frequency?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "Heiken, Grant, David Vaniman, and Beven M. French.\n",
"question": "What is the name of the group that authored the book?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "An Airbag System for the Beagle2 Mars Probe.\n",
"question": "What is the Airbag System for the Beagle2 Mars Probe?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
{
"answer": "The first is to note that we never really measure a unit vector.\n",
"question": "What is the first thing to note about measuring a unit vector?",
"source": "SpaceSystemsDataset"
} |
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