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LJ050-0179
Based on its experience during this period, the Secret Service now recommends that additional personnel be made available to PRS
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107
8
LJ050-0180
so that these arrangements can be made permanent without adversely affecting the operations of the Service's field offices.
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92
8
LJ050-0181
The Commission regards this as a most useful innovation and urges that the practice be continued.
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72
8
LJ050-0182
Liaison With Local Law Enforcement Agencies
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40
8
LJ050-0183
Advice by the Secret Service to local police in metropolitan areas relating to the assistance expected in connection with a Presidential visit
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103
8
LJ050-0184
has hitherto been handled on an informal basis.
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42
8
LJ050-0185
The Service should consider preparing formal explanations of the cooperation anticipated during a Presidential visit to a city,
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96
8
LJ050-0186
in formats that can be communicated to each level of local authorities.
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59
8
LJ050-0187
Thus, the local chief of police could be given a master plan, prepared for the occasion, of all protective measures to be taken during the visit;
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116
8
LJ050-0188
each patrolman might be given a prepared booklet of instructions explaining what is expected of him. The Secret Service has expressed concern
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104
8
LJ050-0189
that written instructions might come into the hands of local newspapers, to the prejudice of the precautions described.
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89
8
LJ050-0190
However, the instructions must be communicated to the local police in any event and can be leaked to the press whether or not they are in writing.
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107
8
LJ050-0191
More importantly, the lack of carefully prepared and carefully transmitted instructions for typical visits to cities
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90
8
LJ050-0192
can lead to lapses in protection, such as the confusion in Dallas about whether members of the public were permitted on overpasses.
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104
8
LJ050-0193
Such instructions will not fit all circumstances, of course,
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48
8
LJ050-0194
and should not be relied upon to the detriment of the imaginative application of judgment in special cases.
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79
8
LJ050-0195
Inspection of Buildings
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20
8
LJ050-0196
Since the assassination of President Kennedy, the Secret Service has been experimenting with new techniques in the inspection of buildings along a motorcade route.
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121
8
LJ050-0197
According to Secretary Dillon,
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26
8
LJ050-0198
the studies indicate that there is some utility in attempting to designate certain buildings as involving a higher risk than others.
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100
8
LJ050-0199
The Commission strongly encourages these efforts to improve protection along a motorcade route.
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74
8
LJ050-0200
The Secret Service should utilize the personnel of other Federal law enforcement offices
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62
8
LJ050-0201
in the locality to assure adequate manpower for this task, as it is now doing.
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67
8
LJ050-0202
Lack of adequate resources is an unacceptable excuse for failing to improve advance precautions
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87
8
LJ050-0203
in this crucial area of Presidential protection.
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38
8
LJ050-0204
Secret Service Personnel and Facilities
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35
8
LJ050-0205
Testimony and other evidence before the Commission
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35
8
LJ050-0206
suggest that the Secret Service is trying to accomplish its job with too few people and without adequate modern equipment.
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102
8
LJ050-0207
Although Chief Rowley does not complain about the pay scale for Secret Service agents,
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62
8
LJ050-0208
salaries are below those of the FBI and leading municipal police forces.
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65
8
LJ050-0209
The assistant to the Director of the FBI testified that
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43
8
LJ050-0210
the caseload of each FBI agent averaged twenty to twenty-five, and he felt that this was high.
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81
8
LJ050-0211
Chief Rowley testified that the present workload of each Secret Service agent averages one hundred ten point one cases.
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102
8
LJ050-0212
While these statistics relate to the activities of Secret Service agents stationed in field offices and not the White House detail,
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100
8
LJ050-0213
field agents supplement those on the detail, particularly when the President is traveling.
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67
8
LJ050-0214
Although the Commission does not know whether the cases involved are entirely comparable,
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56
8
LJ050-0215
these figures suggest that the agents of the Secret Service are substantially overworked.
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74
8
LJ050-0216
In its budget request for the fiscal year beginning July one, nineteen sixty-four,
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65
8
LJ050-0217
the Secret Service sought funds for twenty-five new positions, primarily in field offices. This increase has been approved by the Congress.
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119
8
LJ050-0218
Chief Rowley explained that this would not provide enough additional manpower to take all the measures which he considers required.
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102
8
LJ050-0219
However, the nineteen sixty-four to sixty-five budget request was submitted in November nineteen sixty-three
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85
8
LJ050-0220
and requests for additional personnel were not made because of the studies then being conducted.
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71
8
LJ050-0221
The Secret Service has now presented its recommendations to the Bureau of the Budget. The plan proposed by the Service
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87
8
LJ050-0222
would take approximately twenty months to implement and require expenditures of approximately three million dollars during that period.
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99
8
LJ050-0223
The plan provides for an additional two hundred five agents for the Secret Service. Seventeen of this number are proposed for the Protective Research Section;
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120
8
LJ050-0224
one hundred forty-five are proposed for the field offices to handle the increased volume of security investigations
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84
8
LJ050-0225
and be available to protect the President or Vice President when they travel;
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54
8
LJ050-0226
eighteen agents are proposed for a rotating pool which will go through an intensive training cycle and also be available to supplement the White House detail
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118
8
LJ050-0227
in case of unexpected need; and twenty-five additional agents are recommended to provide the Vice President full protection.
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99
8
LJ050-0228
The Commission urges that the Bureau of the Budget review these recommendations with the Secret Service and authorize a request for the necessary supplemental appropriation,
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123
8
LJ050-0229
as soon as it can be justified. The Congress has often stressed that it will support any reasonable request for funds for the protection of the President.
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118
8
LJ050-0230
Manpower and Technical Assistance From Other Agencies
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44
8
LJ050-0231
Before the assassination the Secret Service infrequently requested other Federal law enforcement agencies to provide personnel
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100
8
LJ050-0232
to assist in its protection functions.
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30
8
LJ050-0233
Since the assassination, the Service has experimented with the use of agents borrowed for short periods from such agencies.
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99
8
LJ050-0234
It has used other Treasury law enforcement agents on special experiments in building and route surveys in places to which the President frequently travels.
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124
8
LJ050-0235
It has also used other Federal law enforcement agents during Presidential visits to cities in which such agents are stationed.
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100
8
LJ050-0236
Thus, in the four months following the assassination,
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42
8
LJ050-0237
the FBI, on sixteen separate occasions, supplied a total of one hundred thirty-nine agents to assist in protection work during a Presidential visit,
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124
8
LJ050-0238
which represents a departure from its prior practice.
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39
8
LJ050-0239
From February eleven through June thirty, nineteen sixty-four,
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63
8
LJ050-0240
the Service had the advantage of nine thousand, five hundred hours of work by other enforcement agencies.
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82
8
LJ050-0241
The FBI has indicated that it is willing to continue to make such assistance available,
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65
8
LJ050-0242
even though it agrees with the Secret Service that it is preferable for the Service to have enough agents to handle all protective demands.
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95
8
LJ050-0243
The Commission endorses these efforts to supplement the Service's own personnel by obtaining, for short periods of time,
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88
8
LJ050-0244
the assistance of trained Federal law enforcement officers.
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8
LJ050-0245
In view of the ever-increasing mobility of American Presidents, it seems unlikely that the Service could or should increase its own staff to a size
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126
8
LJ050-0246
which would permit it to provide adequate protective manpower for all situations.
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65
8
LJ050-0247
The Commission recommends that the agencies involved determine how much periodic assistance they can provide, and that each such agency
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112
8
LJ050-0248
and the Secret Service enter into a formal agreement defining such arrangements.
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65
8
LJ050-0249
It may eventually be desirable to codify the practice in an Executive order.
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65
8
LJ050-0250
The Secret Service will be better able to plan its own long-range personnel requirements if it knows with reasonable certainty
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93
8
LJ050-0251
the amount of assistance that it can expect from other agencies.
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43
8
LJ050-0252
The occasional use of personnel from other Federal agencies to assist in protecting the President has a further advantage. It symbolizes the reality
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123
8
LJ050-0253
that the job of protecting the President has not been and cannot be exclusively the responsibility of the Secret Service.
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96
8
LJ050-0254
The Secret Service in the past has sometimes guarded its right to be acknowledged as the sole protector of the Chief Executive.
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99
8
LJ050-0255
This no longer appears to be the case.
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29
8
LJ050-0256
Protecting the President is a difficult and complex task which requires full use of the best resources of many parts of our Government.
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107
8
LJ050-0257
Recognition that the responsibility must be shared increases the likelihood that it will be met.
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79
8
LJ050-0258
Much of the Secret Service work requires the development and use of highly sophisticated equipment,
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78
8
LJ050-0259
some of which must be specially designed to fit unique requirements. Even before the assassination, and to a far greater extent thereafter,
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124
8
LJ050-0260
the Secret Service has been receiving full cooperation in scientific research and technological development
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76
8
LJ050-0261
from many Government agencies including the Department of Defense and the President's Office of Science and Technology.
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86
8
LJ050-0262
Even if the manpower and technological resources of the Secret Service are adequately augmented,
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73
8
LJ050-0263
it will continue to rely in many respects upon the greater resources of the Office of Science and Technology and other agencies.
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105
8
LJ050-0264
The Commission recommends that the present arrangements
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36
8
LJ050-0265
with the Office of Science and Technology and the other Federal agencies that have been so helpful to the Secret Service be placed on a permanent and formal basis.
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116
8
LJ050-0266
The exchange of letters dated August thirty-one, nineteen sixty-four,
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54
8
LJ050-0267
between Secretary Dillon and Donald F. Hornig, Special Assistant to the President for Science and Technology, is a useful effort in the right direction.
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122
8
LJ050-0268
The Service should negotiate a memorandum of understanding with each agency that has been assisting it and from which it can expect to need help in the future.
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113
8
LJ050-0269
The essential terms of such memoranda might well be embodied in an Executive order.
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65
8
LJ050-0270
This Commission can recommend no procedures for the future protection of our Presidents which will guarantee security.
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88
8
LJ050-0271
The demands on the President in the execution of His responsibilities in today's world are so varied and complex
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94
8
LJ050-0272
and the traditions of the office in a democracy such as ours are so deep-seated as to preclude absolute security.
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94
8
LJ050-0273
The Commission has, however, from its examination of the facts of President Kennedy's assassination
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69
8
LJ050-0274
made certain recommendations which it believes would, if adopted,
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57
8
LJ050-0275
materially improve upon the procedures in effect at the time of President Kennedy's assassination and result in a substantial lessening of the danger.
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115
8
LJ050-0276
As has been pointed out, the Commission has not resolved all the proposals which could be made. The Commission nevertheless is confident that,
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108
8
LJ050-0277
with the active cooperation of the responsible agencies and with the understanding of the people of the United States in their demands upon their President,
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109
8
LJ050-0278
the recommendations we have here suggested would greatly advance the security of the office without any impairment of our fundamental liberties.
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