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8,200 | Please write an abstract with title: A Routing Framework for Quantum Entanglements with Heterogeneous Duration, and key words: Quantum Network, Routing Framework. Abstract: Entanglement routing is a fundamental problem in the network layer of quantum networks, which has become an increasingly popular research topic. This paper addresses a common problem of existing entanglement routing algorithms: they assume the Synchronized Single-time-slot model (SynSts) that requires all entanglement generation and swapping to be completed in a single time slot. This model does not align with future large-scale quantum networks that will incrementally deploy heterogeneous devices: old ones generate short-duration entanglements while advanced devices can generate long-duration entanglements. Forcing long-duration entanglements to finish in one time slot will result in sub-optimal routing performance. This paper presents a new routing framework for quantum entanglements with heterogeneous duration, including a Synchronous Multi-time-slots (SynMts) routing model and two algorithms to manage routing requests and link states. The framework is designed in such a generalized way that all existing algorithms designed for the SynSts model can still run with the SynMts model while achieving higher performance. We conduct experiments using three recently-proposed routing algorithms and find they all achieve evident throughput improvement in the new framework. |
8,201 | Please write an abstract with title: An adaptive meta-heuristic approach using partial optimization to non-convex polygons allocation problem, and key words: Textile industry, Shape, Metals industry, Systems engineering and theory, Testing, Simulated annealing, Linear programming, Expert systems, Fuzzy systems. Abstract: We consider a two-dimensional packing problem of non-convex polygons of different shapes on a sheet. The problem is thus how to determine positions for placing objects such that the waste is minimized. In order to solve this problem, we propose an adaptive meta-heuristics using partial optimization. This partial optimization algorithm makes subgroups of objects. Moreover, theses groups and non-grouped objects are allocated using adaptive meta-heuristics. This partial optimization algorithm determines the groups dynamically; therefore meta-heuristic search efficiency is improved. The performance of the proposed method is tested using simulation experiments. The result shows that this method is superior to the case when adaptive meta-heuristics alone are used. |
8,202 | Please write an abstract with title: Ultrafast Exciton Dynamics in Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Probed with Time Resolved X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy at the Carbon K-edge, and key words: Spectroscopy, Absorption, Excitons, Delay effects, Photovoltaic cells, Solar energy, Plastics. Abstract: π -conjugated semiconducting polymers have the potential to provide low cost, flexible and thin optoelectronic devices such as light-emitting diodes, field effect transistors and solar cells. The ultrafast dynamics of tightly bound, Frenkel excitons in these materials are crucial for the performance of these devices [1] , [2] . In this work we demonstrate the first application of soft X-ray transient absorption spectroscopy to study exciton dynamics in an organic semiconducting polymer, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). The samples are pumped with a ∼ 15 fs optical pulse resonant with the π → π * transition at 2.25 eV, relevant to solar energy conversion. The probe is a soft X-ray supercontinuum extending to 350 eV with attosecond pulse duration generated via high harmonic generation [3] . Figure 1a shows the transient absorption spectrum of P3HT in the vicinity of the carbon K edge. At all positive time delays a blue shift in the absorption edge is observed giving rise to the strong increase in absorption at 286.25 eV. At short time delays this is accompanied by a weaker positive differential absorption feature 1.2 eV below the edge. The low energy feature is highly transient and decays with a lifetime of 16 8 fs. With the support of TDDFT simulations ( Fig. 1b ), we associate the spectral blue shift with the localised ± singlet exciton and the low energy transient feature as a direct spectroscopic signature of delocalisation of the exciton between polymer chains. Our results suggest that the photoexcited H-aggregate type state undergoes rapid localisation on a sub 50 fs timescale consistent with theoretical predictions for this polymer [4] . |
8,203 | Please write an abstract with title: Methodology to Size a Battery Pack and Electric Motor with Real Drive-Cyles for Different Vehicles, and key words: Battery pack, Electric Urban Bus, Sizing simulation, Electric motor, Retrofit, Autonomous vehicle. Abstract: The research develops a methodology to size the battery pack and the electric motor for a Battery Electric Vehicle considering vehicle dynamics parameters, different main characteristics, Battery-to-Wheel efficiency, and performance according to specific driving cycles. These parameters allow to obtain a simulation tool developed from scratch where the simulations were used in three case studies: an Electric Urban Bus, an Autonomous Vehicle, and a Retrofit where different commercial equipment is shown as options. The results display simulations for the selection of commercial equipment and recommendations based on the designer's various criteria. |
8,204 | Please write an abstract with title: A single-chip pH sensor fabricated by a conventional CMOS process, and key words: CMOS process, Electrodes, FETs, Circuits, Semiconductor device measurement, Silicon, Threshold voltage, Biosensors, Dielectrics and electrical insulation, Hydrogen. Abstract: A pH sensor fabricated on a single chip by an unmodified commercial CMOS process is described The sensor comprises a circuit for making differential measurements between ISFET and REFET both biased by the same reference electrode. The ISFET has a floating electrode structure and uses the silicon nitride passivation layer as the pH sensitive material. It is found to have a large threshold voltage caused by charge trapped on the floating electrode. A large reference electrode voltage is therefore required to bias the ISFET, this is shown to cause the operating point to drift. However the threshold voltage has been successfully reduced by exposure to UV radiation. The REFET is formed by deposition of a PVC membrane onto an ISFET and the reference electrode is simply a metal contact. The complete circuit provides an output voltage proportional to pH and operates from a single 5V supply. |
8,205 | Please write an abstract with title: A role-based modeling approaches to MAS development with proto-framework, and key words: Object oriented modeling, Software maintenance, Multiagent systems, Software reusability, Software quality, Performance analysis, Automation, Computer architecture, Unified modeling language, Programming. Abstract: With multi-agent systems (MASs) growing in size and complexity, the separation of concerns throughout the different development phases is crucial to achieve improved reusability and maintainability of complex software. In this context, this work investigates the translation organizational abstraction to explicitly MAS concerns. We propose the materialization of MAS architectural models on a role definition basis, enabling different implementation alternatives for MAS according to specific developer's needs. |
8,206 | Please write an abstract with title: Respiratory Volume Monitoring: A Machine-Learning Approach to the Non-Invasive Prediction of Tidal Volume and Minute Ventilation, and key words: Monitoring, TV, Training, Temperature sensors, Ventilation, Predictive models, Machine learning. Abstract: Continuous monitoring of ventilatory parameters such as tidal volume (TV) and minute ventilation (MV) has shown to be effective in the prevention of respiratory compromise events in hospitalized patients. However, the non-invasive estimation of respiratory volume in non-intubated patients remains an outstanding challenge. In this work, we present a novel approach to respiratory volume monitoring (RVM) that continuously predicts TV and MV in normal subjects. Respiratory flow in 19 volunteers under spontaneous breathing was recorded using respiratory inductance plethysmography and a temperature-based wearable sensor. Temperature signals were processed to identify features such as temperature amplitude and mean value, among others. The feature datasets were then used to train and validate three machine-learning (ML) algorithms for the prediction of respiratory volume based on temperature-related features. A model based on Random-Forest regression resulted in the lowest root mean-square error and was subsequently chosen to predict ventilatory parameters on subject test data not used in the construction of the model. Our predictions achieve a bias (mean error) in TV and MV of 16.04 mL and 0.19 L/min, respectively, which compare well with performance metrics reported in commercially-available RVM systems based on electrical impedance. Our results show that the combination of novel respiratory temperature sensors and machine-learning algorithms can deliver accurate and continuous estimates of TV and MV in healthy subjects. |
8,207 | Please write an abstract with title: Visual Analysis of Innovative Entrepreneurship Education Based on CiteSpace, and key words: Visualization, Technological innovation, Conferences, Entrepreneurship, Educational technology, Software, Visual databases. Abstract: In recent years, innovative entrepreneurship education has become a hot spot in practice and academia. This paper uses CiteSpace visual analysis software to analyze 714 SCI-EXPANDED and SSCI journals in the core database from 2000 to 2021. Then to analyze from the number and year of the papers, key words and research frontier, this paper analyzes the current international innovation or entrepreneurship education research status, and finally put forward a new proposal for innovation and entrepreneurship education in China. |
8,208 | Please write an abstract with title: A 400mW 11-18GHz GaAs MESFET amplifier using planar power combining techniques, and key words: Gallium arsenide, MESFETs, Power amplifiers, Solid state circuits, Assembly, Power dividers, Frequency conversion. Abstract: THE DESIGN APPROACH commonly used by device designers to obtain higher power from a GaAs MESFET is to increase the gate width of the device. Unfortunately, this leads to a difficult problem for circuit engineers who wish to design wideband amplifiers, especially at high frequencies. Widegate devices are much more difficult to match over wide bandwidths. In search for a solution to this problem, researchers have been employing various types of divider/combiner circuits to combine the output power of several lower power amplifiers that incorporate easier to match narrower gate GaAs MESFETs |
8,209 | Please write an abstract with title: Work Engagement among Higher Vocational College Teachers: Level and Internal Variation, and key words: Engineering profession, Education, Informatics. Abstract: For the purposes of understanding the work engagement level and characteristics of higher vocational teachers and, research has been conducted among full-time teachers at 6 higher vocational colleges in Beijing, China. This paper explores the work engagement level of higher vocational college teachers and analyzes the internal variation of work engagement level among the higher vocational college teachers. It concludes that the work engagement level of higher vocational college teachers falls in the middle range and above, and there are differences in variables such as age, education level, and consistency of one's major with the area of teaching and research in one's career. |
8,210 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparison of the materialisation of the tide gauges in use in Italy as support for the correct implementation of the national seagrass mapping project, and key words: Geomagnetism, Conferences, Sea floor, Sea measurements, Metrology, Complexity theory, Sea level. Abstract: The definition of a reference system is the first moment of a survey operation but is in some ways perhaps the most critical because on its correct definition depends on the reliability and significance of all subsequent operations. From the simplest local survey to the most complex surveys of large extensions that often require the joint use of different technologies, it is in fact of paramount importance to define a planimetric or planoaltimetric datum that allows all subsequent survey operations to be correctly referenced and make the various observations consistent. In this paper we illustrate the first considerations that have been made for the correct framing of the high-resolution bathymetric surveys of a future national project to survey all the coastal areas and the relative seafloor for the entire Italian coastline; peninsula, major islands and minor islands. The different geomatic techniques that will necessarily be used require the study and definition of certain methodologies to refer all observations to a common reference to ensure compatibility and comparability. Particularly critical is the altimetry aspect for which it is necessary to consider the shift between ellipsoid heights, orthometric heights and heights referring to the local mean sea level. It is precisely the last transition that is perhaps the most critical because it requires the local study of the framing and materialisation of the tide gauges. The main tide gauges of the national system have been studied here, confirming the complexity of this certain definition and suggesting possible developments in the definition of conversion methodologies. |
8,211 | Please write an abstract with title: Impact of a Virtualized IoT Environment on Online Students, and key words: Hardware, Education, Software, Software engineering, Debugging, Virtualization, Servers. Abstract: This Work-in-Progress Innovative Practice paper presents the design, environment, and preliminary results of implementing a virtualized environment for an upper-division course offering in Software Engineering. The Internet-of-Things (IoT) is an emerging paradigm rapidly gaining adoption in everyday consumer computing. Several recent publications and educational platforms recognize the potential for IoT to serve as this rich platform for computing education. However, most of these contributions focus on early undergraduate courses in small hands-on settings using general purpose hobbyist kits based on Arduinos or Raspberry PIs. This paper presents a new and novel IoT educational platform based on virtualization technology. The platform was designed specifically for scalable and complex IoT systems-oriented challenges appropriate for upper-division undergraduate study. This platform was utilized in an online setting at Arizona State University for the first time in Fall 2019. This paper presents insights from this experience, based on student in-class surveys, formal course evaluations, and the instructor’s perspective, along with a roadmap for maturing the platform. |
8,212 | Please write an abstract with title: Computing In-Place FFTs with SIMD Lane Slicing, and key words: Performance evaluation, Memory management, Loading, Discrete Fourier transforms, Software, Supercomputers, VLIW. Abstract: We present an approach for implementing in-place FFTs on cores fitted with SIMD units and non-temporal load-store units. Loading the input samples with SIMD instructions decimates them in time across the SIMD lanes. A classic FFT implementation is extended to operate on SIMD data rather than scalar data and computes the sub-transforms concurrently. This enables efficient exploitation of the SIMD arithmetic and memory access instructions while involving little SIMD lane shuffling. A last FFT stage then recombines in-place the sub-transforms results to produce the output. We illustrate this approach on a Cooley- Tukey radix-4 decimated-in-frequency FFT implementation, which also integrates the two inner loop collapsing optimization of the TI C6x DSP _fft32×32 code that enables software pipelining and the Burrus technique for using bit-reversal in high-radix FFT implementations. Performance evaluations are performed on the Kalray KV3 core, which implements a 64-bit vector-scalar VLIW architecture with level-l cache bypass load instructions. |
8,213 | Please write an abstract with title: Delay-dependent robust control for a class of nonlinear state-delayed systems, and key words: Robust control, Linear matrix inequalities, Delay effects, Time varying systems, Uncertain systems, Robustness, Control systems, Nonlinear systems, Sufficient conditions, Delay systems. Abstract: The robust control was dealt with for a class of nonlinear systems with state-delays. The parameter uncertainties are assumed to be time-varying norm-bounded. It is seen that the unknown nonlinear functions depend on current and past states, respectively. By constructing a novel Lyapunov-Krasoyskii function, a delay-dependent sufficient condition was derived in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI) such that the resultant closed-loop system is robust asymptotically stable. |
8,214 | Please write an abstract with title: Probe-tone S-parameter measurements, and key words: Scattering parameters, Power measurement, Power amplifiers, Calibration, Probes, Gain measurement, Particle measurements, Reflection, Stability, Frequency measurement. Abstract: The measurement of device behavior under complex actual operating conditions is an increasingly important measurement problem. In particular, it can be difficult to accurately measure gain and some reflection coefficients of a power amplifier operating under a realistic modulated signal drive. A small-signal measurement alone of a power amplifier is generally incorrect since the device-under-test will not be biased correctly. A fully modulated measurement, however, may require very dedicated equipment, long measurement times for adequate stability, and special calibration techniques. The methodology discussed here, i.e., the use of S-parameter probe signals in addition to power signals, will allow self-consistent S-parameter measurement under these conditions with full (traceable) vector calibrations and reduced uncertainties. In some sense, the small probe signal is used to quantify nonlinearities introduced by the modulated signal. In addition, the measurement has the flexibility to perform frequency-domain profiling to elucidate the behavior that may be experienced by interfering signals. |
8,215 | Please write an abstract with title: Solid State Transformer for Medium Voltage Grid Applications Enabled by 10 kV SiC MOSFET based Three-Phase Converter Systems, and key words: MOSFET, System testing, Silicon carbide, Switching frequency, Switching loss, Microgrids, Medium voltage. Abstract: The emergence of wide bandgap semiconductors in power electronics has made it possible to manufacture medium voltage (MV) devices with low on-state resistance and offer fast switching transitions. This has enabled high switching frequencies in MV applications, which reduces the size and weight of the magnetic components and has opened up many opportunities in the field of power transmission and distribution. With the increasing popularity of MVac and MVdc microgrids, it has become necessary to have suitable MVac/MVdc, MVac/MVac, or MVac/LVac converters to integrate MVac systems with AC or DC microgrids. On account of this, an MV solid-state transformer (MV-SST) enabled by 10 kV SiC MOSFETs is developed to integrate an MV grid of 4.16 kV to a low voltage (LV) grid of 480 V. The MV-SST is divided into three stages: MVac/MVdc stage, MVdc/LVdc stage, and LVdc/LVac stage. These three stages ensure an SST operation to integrate MVac and LVac grids and provide an option to integrate DC loads or DC grids at the DC ports. This paper discusses the design, development, and operation of the 10 kV SiC MOSFETs based SST. A concise description of the hardware challenges in developing the MV-SST system is also shown. A brief description of the design aspects of different parts of the system (MVac/MVdc stage, MVdc/LVdc stage, and LVdc/LVac stage) is highlighted. Stability analysis for integrating the different converter systems is also provided to ensure that the system remains stable in its rated operating conditions. The operation and feasibility of the MV-SST system are demonstrated by experimental results. |
8,216 | Please write an abstract with title: On the capabilities of intra-frame prediction in H.264 video encoders, and key words: Automatic voltage control, Computational efficiency, Bandwidth, Video coding, Rate-distortion. Abstract: Recent developments have given birth to the H.264/AVC, offering better bandwidth to video quality ratios than MPEG-2. It is expected that the H.264/AVC will take over the digital video market, replacing the use of MPEG-2 in most digital video applications. The complete migration to the new video-coding algorithm takes several years given the wide scale use of MPEG-2 in the market place today. In this paper, we study the capabilities of the infra-frame prediction, a part of a high-efficient H.264 encoder. We introduce the two different methods defined in the H.264 video coding standard for the infra-frame prediction. Then carry out a performance evaluation of these methods in terms of their computational cost and rate-distortion results. Finally, we outline a simple method to reduce the computational cost when time is the critical factor. |
8,217 | Please write an abstract with title: Individual-Phase Displacement Power Factor Control Strategy of an Active Power-Line Conditioner in Three-Phase Four-Wire Distribution Feeders, and key words: Digital computers, Reactive power, Computational modeling, Asia, Power electronics, Voltage control, Load modeling. Abstract: This article proposes a novel individual-phase displacement power factor (DPF) control strategy with a suppressed neutral-line current for an active power-line conditioner in three-phase four-wire distribution feeders. The reference source currents are calculated using the fundamental active component of the load currents, which is calculated using a constant DC-capacitor voltage control block. The compensated source-side currents are sinusoidal, but unbalanced because the active currents of the source-side currents are unbalanced. These unbalanced active currents suppress the neutral-line current to achieve a predetermined DPF in each phase. A digital computer simulation is implemented to demonstrate the validity and high practicability of the proposed individual-phase DPF control strategy, and a reduced-scale laboratory model is developed and tested. Simulation and experimental results verify that the proposed individual-phase DPF control strategy attains sinusoidal and unbalanced source currents with a predetermined DPF in each phase suppressing the neutral-line current. |
8,218 | Please write an abstract with title: Work in progress - contextual analysis of high resolution ECGs: a global engineering project in progress, and key words: Electrocardiography, Collaborative work, Team working, Data analysis, Software tools, Signal analysis, Project management, Testing, Risk analysis, Consumer electronics. Abstract: The high resolution ECG (HRECG) is a method used for identifying patients at high risk of sudden cardiac death. This project focuses on globally distributed student teams working in the development of several contextual methods of HRECG analysis. Each team has worked on various elements of the overall project, e.g., data collection, algorithm development, data analysis, which allows the development effort to proceed in parallel. The specific educational objectives of the project are: (a) to give students experience of working collaboratively in globally distributed teams; (b) to obtain staff experience of operating distributed, collaborative projects; (c) to develop team oriented working and communications skills that take advantage of today's electronic connectivity. The project is addressed in three stages: (1) collecting of HRECGs; (2) establishing a database; and (3) development of software tools. Besides of the scientific impact, we expect to invigorate our labs with new ideas, strengthen the understanding among students and faculty, and provide every participant an opportunity to engage in an international research project |
8,219 | Please write an abstract with title: Integrated catheter for 3-D intracardiac echocardiography and ultrasound ablation, and key words: Catheters, Echocardiography, Ultrasonic imaging, Integrated circuit interconnections, Flexible printed circuits, Ultrasonic transducers, Bandwidth, Insertion loss, Imaging phantoms, Heart. Abstract: We have integrated real-time three-dimensional (RT3D) intracardiac echocardiography and ultrasound ablation. The device uses a 9 Fr (3 mm O.D.) catheter lumen with a 14 Fr (4.7 mm O.D.) tip. Real-time 3D imaging is achieved with a forward-looking 112 element, 5 MHz two-dimensional array built on a multi-layer flexible interconnect circuit. Transducer elements typically showed a 21% bandwidth and a pulse-echo insertion loss of 80 dB. The imaging array, attached to our real time 3-D scanner was used to image tissue phantoms and a fixed sheep heart. The ablation transducer is a ring of 10 MHz PZT-4 placed around the imaging array. The ring has a 4.5 mm O.D. and a 3.1 mm I.D. for a total area of 33.4mm/sup 2/. Using a hydrophone, the spatial-peak, temporal-average intensity of the ablation ring was measured at a maximum of 500 cycles per burst and a PRF of 10.3 kHz to be 16.1 W/cm/sup 2/. The ablation ring was then used to heat tissue mimicking rubber with absorption comparable to tissue. A temperature rise of 14 /spl deg/C was recorded. In our final experiment, the imaging array was used to view a 1 cm thick piece of beef with a 12 mm hole in it. The ablation ring was then used to create a lesion adjacent to the hole. |
8,220 | Please write an abstract with title: Cascade Residual Capsule Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification, and key words: Feature extraction, Convolution, Kernel, Hyperspectral imaging, Solid modeling, Convolutional neural networks, Technological innovation. Abstract: Theconvolution neural network (CNN) has recently shown the good performance in hyperspectral image (HSI) classification tasks. Many CNN-based methods crop image patches from original HSI as inputs. However, the input HSI cubes usually contain background and many hyperspectral pixels with different land-cover labels. Therefore, the spatial context information on objects of the same category is diverse in HSI cubes, which will weaken the discrimination of spectral–spatial features. In addition, CNN-based methods still face challenges in dealing with the spectral similarity between HSI cubes of spatially adjacent categories, which will limit the classification accuracy. To address the aforementioned issues, we propose a cascade residual capsule network (CRCN) for HSI classification. First, a residual module is designed to learn high-level spectral features of input HSI cubes in the spectral dimension. The residual module is employed to solve the problem of the spectral similarity between HSI cubes of spatially adjacent categories. And then two 3-D convolution layers are exploited to extract high-level spatial–spectral features. Finally, a capsule structure is developed to characterize spatial context orientation representations of objects, which can effectively deal with the diverse spatial context information on objects of the same category in HSI cubes. The capsule module is composed of two 3-D convolution layers and the capsule structure, which is connected to the residual module in series to construct the proposed CRCN. Experimental results on four public HSI datasets demonstrate the superiority of the proposed CRCN over six state-of-the-art models. |
8,221 | Please write an abstract with title: Interfaces and Stability in Halide Perovskite Solar Cells, and key words: Photovoltaic cells, Chemicals, Ions, Spectroscopy, Photoelectricity, Performance evaluation, Energy states. Abstract: In this paper, I give a brief summary over the current development of interface engineering in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and the corresponding impact on device performance and stability. Principal loss mechanisms in the PSC can be attributed to imperfect interfaces. Aside from the key electronic properties at these interfaces, such as energy level alignment and band offsets, the device functionality is governed by the complex chemistry between the halide perovskite absorber and the adjacent functional layers. |
8,222 | Please write an abstract with title: Transfer Learning for Clinical Sleep Pose Detection Using a Single 2D IR Camera, and key words: Sleep, Cameras, Standards, Monitoring, Pose estimation, Manuals, Feature extraction. Abstract: Sleep quality is an important determinant of human health and wellbeing. Novel technologies that can quantify sleep quality at scale are required to enable the diagnosis and epidemiology of poor sleep. One important indicator of sleep quality is body posture. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a non-contact sleep monitoring system that analyses body posture and movement. Supervised machine learning strategies applied to noncontact vision-based infrared camera data using a transfer learning approach, successfully quantified sleep poses of participants covered by a blanket. This represents the first occasion that such a machine learning approach has been used to successfully detect four predefined poses and the empty bed state during 8-10 hour overnight sleep episodes representing a realistic domestic sleep situation. The methodology was evaluated against manually scored sleep poses and poses estimated using clinical polysomnography measurement technology. In a cohort of 12 healthy participants, we find that a ResNet-152 pre-trained network achieved the best performance compared with the standard de novo CNN network and other pre-trained networks. The performance of our approach was better than other video-based methods for sleep pose estimation and produced higher performance compared to the clinical standard for pose estimation using a polysomnography position sensor. It can be concluded that infrared video capture coupled with deep learning AI can be successfully used to quantify sleep poses as well as the transitions between poses in realistic nocturnal conditions, and that this non-contact approach provides superior pose estimation compared to currently accepted clinical methods. |
8,223 | Please write an abstract with title: An evaluation of effective radiuses of bulk-wave ultrasonic transducers as circular piston sources for accurate velocity measurements, and key words: Ultrasonic transducers, Pistons, Velocity measurement, Diffraction, Dispersion, Radio frequency, Acoustic devices, Silicon compounds, Glass, Transmission line measurements. Abstract: The effective radius of a bulk-wave ultrasonic transducer as a circular piston source, fabricated on one end of a synthetic silica (SiO/sub 2/) glass buffer rod, was evaluated for accurate velocity measurements of dispersive specimens over a wide frequency range. The effective radius was determined by comparing measured and calculated phase variations due to diffraction in an ultrasonic transmission line of the SiO/sub 2/ buffer rod/water-couplant/SiO/sub 2/ standard specimen, using radio-frequency (RF) tone burst ultrasonic waves. Fourteen devices with different device parameters were evaluated. The velocities of the nondispersive standard specimen (C-7940) were found to be 5934.10 /spl plusmn/ 0.35 m/s at 70 to 290 MHz, after diffraction correction using the nominal radius (0.75 mm) for an ultrasonic device with an operating center frequency of about 400 MHz. Corrected velocities were more accurately found to be 5934.15 /spl plusmn/ 0.03 m/s by using the effective radius (0.780 mm) for the diffraction correction. Bulk-wave ultrasonic devices calibrated by this experimental procedure enable conducting extremely accurate velocity dispersion measurements. |
8,224 | Please write an abstract with title: QMIX Aided Routing in Social-Based Delay-Tolerant Networks, and key words: Routing, Computer architecture, Routing protocols, Detection algorithms, Training, Heuristic algorithms, Relays. Abstract: Delay-tolerant network (DTN) is a network that’s designed to operate effectively in heterogeneous networks that may lack continuous network connectivity. It is characterized by their lack of instantaneous end-to-end paths, resulting in difficulties in designing effective DTN routing protocols. Traditional routing algorithms largely rely on greedy schemes. Such schemes can not guarantee the packets will be eventually transmitted to their destinations, thereby presenting a poor transmission efficiency. Recently, the social-based method has attracted a large amount of attention in wireless network routing. It can use the community and the centrality information to increase the delivery rate of the whole network. Therefore, in this article, we introduce the social-based mechanism to our DTN routing design. Besides, how the distributed nodes can learn the collaboration strategies is another challenge. Inspired by the recent success of multi-agent learning in online control, we adopt a centralized training and distributed execution learning paradigm and design a hierarchical social-based DTN architecture. Based on this, we propose a collaborative multi-agent reinforcement learning (termed as QMIX) aided routing algorithm. |
8,225 | Please write an abstract with title: A High-Speed Current Sensing Method Based on a Nonlinear Current Divider and Optical Coupling in the NIR Spectrum, and key words: Current measurement, Magnetic fields, Magnetic field measurement, Light emitting diodes, Magnetic cores, Schottky diodes, Optical switches. Abstract: The present article introduces a high-speed optical current-sensing method for diodes based on nonlinear current division and near-infrared light-emitting diode (LED)–photodiode coupling. In addition, a technique for the compensation of a stray inductance effect was also shown. With an experimental setup, at room temperature, 1.19% accuracy was achieved beside a temperature dependence of −0.34%/°C or better within 28 °C–60 °C. The sensor system inherently provides galvanic isolation on the contrary to shunts since the current signal is converted to and transmitted as light signal on sensor level. At the same time, our optical current sensor circuit’s demonstrated that approximately 1 MHz effective bandwidth makes it competitive with Hall cells with respect to speed. Simultaneously, its immunity to stray magnetic fields and the lack of hysteresis effects due to magnetic cores are clear advantages in comparison to the state-of-the-art Hall sensors. Overall, the new measurement method offers an optimal choice for high-voltage, high-frequency current-sensing applications prone to induced magnetic fields, like switched current measurement on the freewheeling diodes used in motor drive inverters. |
8,226 | Please write an abstract with title: On Analyzing COVID-19-related Hate Speech Using BERT Attention, and key words: COVID-19, Analytical models, Social networking (online), Bit error rate, Blogs, Training data, Predictive models. Abstract: The emergence of COVID-19 has engendered a new wave of online hate speech in social media platforms such as Twitter. Its widespread effects range from acts of cyber-harassment towards certain ethnic communities (e.g., the Asian community), to targeting older people belonging to age groups correlated with higher mortality rates (termed infamously as "Boomer Remover"). Thus, an urgent need arises for a timely mitigation of this new wave of online hate speech. In this work, we aim to discover the hate-related keywords linked to COVID-19 in hateful tweets posted on Twitter so that users posting such keywords can be asked to reconsider posting them. We first collect a new dataset of tweets targeting older people supplementing with a dataset targeting the Asian community. Then, we develop an approach to analyze the datasets with BERT (a transformer-based model) attention mechanism and discover 186 novel keywords targeting the Asian community and 100 keywords targeting older people. Based on our study, we then propose a control mechanism wherein a user can be asked to reconsider using certain sensitive words identified by our approach. We further perform an exploratory analysis of BERT attention mechanism and find that the most high-impact, long distance attentions are learned in the earlier or later layers of the model depending on the underlying data distribution. Our study indicates that the BERT model in some cases uses a hate keyword and an associated group or individual to make predictions, a finding that is inline with existing hate-speech research, which suggests that hate-speech is often aimed at certain groups or individuals. |
8,227 | Please write an abstract with title: Catalyst of Information Security in Malaysia Higher Learning Institutions, and key words: Industrial electronics, Computers, Electronic learning, Education, Information security, Organizations, Media. Abstract: Conventional teaching and learning have met its revolution more than half a century with the existence of Internet and networking among computers. In higher learning institutions (HLI), this revolutionary has created significant impact towards learning contents, delivery, and methodology. Procedural paper-based correspondence and application of enrolment have been made easier through online platform which become simpler and better throughout the years. Effectiveness of teaching & learning become more reliant on virtual learning environment and becoming a trend among higher learning institutions (HLI). In Malaysia, all public universities already engaged with virtual learning environment which the classroom session is commonly delivered via online media. Meanwhile, as far as higher learning institutions (HLI) such as universities are enthusiastic in employing the latest technologies in the teaching and learning environment, a big challenge emerges while the technology becomes greater. Since almost all information is available online via internet transaction, the issues on Information Security (IC) becomes a fatal threat to an organization. Information Security (IC) is highly essential in protecting corporate information from unauthorized parties. As a result, Information Security (IC) Management Model for Malaysian Higher Education Institution is proposed to be the foundation of the any Information Security (IC) programme which required to be established in Malaysia Higher Learning Institutions. |
8,228 | Please write an abstract with title: Gamma enhancement of proton-induced SEE cross section in a CMOS SRAM, and key words: Random access memory, Testing, National electric code, Protons, SRAM chips, Stress, Research and development, Gamma rays, Single event upset, Writing. Abstract: CMOS SRAM parts (NEC 431000ACZ-70L) were tested for possible combined effects of gamma and proton irradiation. The parts were irradiated with a /sup 60/Co source to a variety of doses and at different dose rates. These parts were subsequently subjected to identical tests for proton-induced single-event effects (SEES). The cross section for proton-induced SEES increased with the prior /sup 60/Co dose and also showed an enhancement at lower dose rates. |
8,229 | Please write an abstract with title: Time-scale separation based design of biomolecular feedback controllers, and key words: Robustness, Lyapunov methods, Closed loop systems, Trajectory, Computer architecture, Perturbation methods, Microprocessors. Abstract: Time-scale separation is a powerful property that can be used to simplify control systems design. In this work, we consider the problem of designing biomolecular feedback controllers that provide tracking of slowly varying references and rejection of slowly varying disturbances for nonlinear systems. We propose a design methodology that uses timescale separation to accommodate physical constraints on the implementation of integral control in cellular systems. The main result of this paper gives sufficient conditions under which controllers designed using our time-scale separation methodology have desired asymptotic performance when the reference and disturbance are constant or slowly varying. Our analysis is based on construction of Lyapunov functions for a class of singularly perturbed systems that are dependent on an additional parameter that perturbs the system regularly. When the exogenous inputs are slowly varying, this approach allows us to bound the system trajectories by a function of the regularly perturbing parameter. This bound decays to zero as the parameter's value increases, while an inner-estimate of the region of attraction stays unchanged as this parameter is varied. These results cannot be derived using standard singular perturbation results. We apply our results to an application demonstrating a physically realizable parameter tuning that controls performance. |
8,230 | Please write an abstract with title: JADE: a versatile run-time for distributed applications on mobile terminals and networks, and key words: Runtime, Peer to peer computing, Wireless networks, Ground penetrating radar, 3G mobile communication, Wireless LAN, Handheld computers, Intelligent agent, Middleware, Time to market. Abstract: As a consequence of the introduction of always-connected wireless networks (GPRS, UMTS, WLAN) and of the continuous growth in power and resources of handheld devices, wireless and wire-line environments are progressively integrating with each other. Agent technology and the peer-to-peer communication paradigm respond very well to the needs of new distributed mobile applications that benefit from distributing intelligence and information on the devices. This paper focuses on JADE, an open source agent oriented middleware that allows reducing the time-to-market for the deployment of hybrid peer-to-peer applications in the wireless world, and describes its characteristics in terms of flexibility, sociability, reliability and interoperability. All these features, extensively tested by an ever-growing community of users, make JADE mature enough to be adopted by the business industry to deploy mobile applications in an open environment. |
8,231 | Please write an abstract with title: An Empirical Study for Common Language Features Used in Python Projects, and key words: Manuals, Tools, Programming, Software, Safety, Dynamic programming, Task analysis. Abstract: As a dynamic programming language, Python is widely used in many fields. For developers, various language features affect programming experience. For researchers, they affect the difficulty of developing tasks such as bug finding and compilation optimization. Former research has shown that programs with Python dynamic features are more change-prone. However, we know little about the use and impact of Python language features in real-world Python projects. To resolve these issues, we systematically analyze Python language features and propose a tool named PYSCAN to automatically identify the use of 22 kinds of common Python language features in 6 categories in Python source code. We conduct an empirical study on 35 popular Python projects from eight application domains, covering over 4.3 million lines of code, to investigate the the usage of these language features in the project. We find that single inheritance, decorator, keyword argument, for loops and nested classes are top 5 used language features. Meanwhile different domains of projects may prefer some certain language features. For example, projects in DevOps use exception handling frequently. We also conduct in-depth manual analysis to dig extensive using patterns of frequently but differently used language features: exceptions, decorators and nested classes/functions. We find that developers care most about ImportError when handling exceptions. With the empirical results and in-depth analysis, we conclude with some suggestions and a discussion of implications for three groups of persons in Python community: Python designers, Python compiler designers and Python developers. |
8,232 | Please write an abstract with title: A trial production of small size ultra-high speed drive system, and key words: Production systems, Magnetic materials, Power electronics, Iron, Magnetic cores, Permanent magnets, Electric vehicles, Vehicle driving, Application software, Prototypes. Abstract: Developments of power electronics technology, low-loss iron core materials and highly efficient permanent magnets, etc. have made it possible to realize a small size, high or ultra-high speed, and high performance electrical drive system. Such a drive is expected for various kinds of applications such as co-generation system, electrical vehicle and compressor, in which small size, light weight and high efficiency are required. For these applications, we designed and built a trial ultra-high speed drive system of 2 poles, 5 kW, 240000 rpm. In this paper we describe our prototype system and show some experimental results. The computer simulation was used to evaluate the fundamental motor characteristics at the first design stage and total systematic approach to enhance the total drive system. |
8,233 | Please write an abstract with title: Data-Driven Suboptimal Control for Nonlinear Systems Using State-Dependent Riccati Equation, and key words: Heuristic algorithms, Simulation, Riccati equations, Optimal control, Reinforcement learning, Mathematical models, Iterative algorithms. Abstract: The approximate optimal control design for continuous-time nonlinear systems with partially unknown dynamics is studied in this paper. Based on the state-dependent coefficient parameterization, the dynamics of nonlinear systems are represented in a resemble linear manner. In this case, the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation can be recast in the form of the state-dependent Riccati equation (SDRE). Based on the integral reinforcement learning, an online policy iteration algorithm is developed to iteratively solve the SDRE using status and control data. In addition, it is proved that the proposed algorithm is equivalent to the traditional iterative solution of SDRE. A suboptimal control policy can be attained under proper conditions. The iterative feedback control policy has the ability to stabilize closed-loop system. The effectiveness of the presented algorithm is validated by simulation results. |
8,234 | Please write an abstract with title: Storage as a Service (STaaS) Security Challenges and Solutions in Cloud Computing Environment: An Evaluation Review, and key words: Cloud computing, Computational modeling, Memory, Data privacy, Data security. Abstract: Cloud Computing is an emerging technology which aims to provide efficient access to remote and distributed resources with the help of cloud services providers such as Amazon Googles Application, Microsoft Azure. Storage as a Service (STaaS) is among the most important and popular kind of services being investigated in the Cloud computing community to serve both private users and business enterprise with remote and scalable data storage that can be charged per customer usage. Providing safety, privacy and availability for the data that is hosted in cloud are the major concerns for users and businesses. This survey presents the data storage security concerns that arise due to the nature of cloud computing like multi-tenancy and virtualization, in addition to the details of the recent solutions presented in the literature to overcome the security issues in cloud storage. |
8,235 | Please write an abstract with title: Water droplet behavior and discharge activity on silicone rubber surface energized by AC voltage (Part II), and key words: Rubber, Surface discharges, Voltage, Leakage current, Polymers, Current measurement, Pollution measurement, Frequency, Electrodes, Water. Abstract: For pt.I see ibid., pp.624-627 (2001). This paper focuses on vibration of water droplets on silicone rubber sheets and leakage current flowing on silicone rubber under AC voltage application. Observation of vibration frequency of water droplet using Laser and photo-sensors showed that applied voltage affected vibration frequency. Results of leakage current measurement of rod-shaped silicone rubber samples during the salt fog test were also reported, where three components of leakage current were measured separately and simultaneously. |
8,236 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-objective evolutionary search performance with explicit building-block sizes for NPC problems, and key words: Genetic algorithms, Artificial satellites, Communication system control, Evolutionary computation, Filling, Biological cells, Surges, Organizing, Convergence, Unmanned aerial vehicles. Abstract: This research uses an explicit building block based MOEA to solve the multiobjective quadratic assignment problem. We use the multiobjective messy genetic algorithm II (MOMGA-II) to determine what role certain building blocks sizes play in filling up the Pareto front. Additionally, we investigate the role of the competitive template. The algorithm uses the competitive template by propagating it through all the building block sizes and by randomizing it for each building block size. We show that randomized competitive templates produce better results due to more exploration, and larger building block sizes are more common on the outer edges of the Pareto front because they fill more chromosome characteristics in the genotype space. |
8,237 | Please write an abstract with title: Investigation for Inducing Sleep using Entrainment of Heart Rate, and key words: Heart rate, Sleep, Heart beat, Conferences, Electrocardiography, Electroencephalography, Parasympathetic nervous system. Abstract: Difficulty in falling asleep has become a problem in Japan. However, quantitative effects on sleep quality have not been shown. In this study, we developed a system to induce sleep onset using Heart Rate (HR) feedback and examined the reduction of sleep latency by extending the heartbeat interval using the retraction phenomenon. Six males (22.5±1.0 years old) took a nap for 30 minutes for two times, without and with a sound, which has a lower tempo than the current HR. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was used to evaluate the shortening of sleep latency, and Electrocardiogram (ECG) was used to evaluate the changes in HR and Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS). As the results, four subjects showed an effect on the reduction of sleep latency. Two of those showed the effect to retraction phenomenon from the variation of HR and PNS. |
8,238 | Please write an abstract with title: Vega Grid and CSCW: two approaches to collaborative computing, and key words: Collaboration, Grid computing, Computer networks, Collaborative work, Application software, Computer vision, Rail transportation, Humans, Symbiosis, Collaborative software. Abstract: This work looks at computer supported cooperative work from a grid computing viewpoint. We point out the trend of network computing and outline its implications and new CSCW requirements. We discuss key pieces of grid technology that are relevant to collaboration, focusing on the Vega Grid research work conducted at Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. We also discuss an application example from China Railways. |
8,239 | Please write an abstract with title: LRGNet: Learnable Region Growing for Class-Agnostic Point Cloud Segmentation, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Neural networks, Semantics, Task analysis, Robots, Shape, Network architecture. Abstract: 3D point cloud segmentation is an important function that helps robots understand the layout of their surrounding environment and perform tasks such as grasping objects, avoiding obstacles, and finding landmarks. Current segmentation methods are mostly class-specific, many of which are tuned to work with specific object categories and may not be generalizable to different types of scenes. This research proposes a learnable region growing method for class-agnostic point cloud segmentation, specifically for the task of instance label prediction. The proposed method is able to segment any class of objects using a single deep neural network without any assumptions about their shapes and sizes. The deep neural network is trained to predict how to add or remove points from a point cloud region to morph it into incrementally more complete regions of an object instance. Segmentation results on the S3DIS and ScanNet datasets show that the proposed method outperforms competing methods by 1%-9% on 6 different evaluation metrics. |
8,240 | Please write an abstract with title: A Cell Outage Compensation Mechanism Based on IPSO for 5G Ultra-dense Small Cell Networks, and key words: Wireless communication, Base stations, Adaptation models, 5G mobile communication, Computational modeling, Clustering algorithms, Quality of service. Abstract: To cope with the increment of mobile communication in 5G networks, Internet Service Providers are planning to adopt base stations with less power and smaller coverage in a more intensive manner. We call such networks multi-tier heterogeneous small cell networks, which put forward more stringent requirements on network security and stability. Self-Organizing Network (SON) is expected to be a potential solution. However, the issue of cell outage compensation (COC) is important for SON. This paper proposes a cell outage compensation mechanism based on an improved particle swarm algorithm (IPSO). Specifically, the neighboring base stations of the failed base station are selected as the compensation base stations according to the topology structure, and then the problem model is constructed to maximize the transmission rate. This model considers the priority of the quality of service (QoS) for different users. It adopts IPSO based on adaptive weights to comprehensively adjust the downtilt, horizontal azimuth, and user power allocation of the base station to ensure the transmission rate. The simulation results show the algorithm converges fast, can quickly approach the target value, and can effectively guarantee the quality of service for users. |
8,241 | Please write an abstract with title: Emotion Recognition From EEG Signals of Hearing-Impaired People Using Stacking Ensemble Learning Framework Based on a Novel Brain Network, and key words: Electroencephalography, Emotion recognition, Brain modeling, Motion pictures, Feature extraction, Stacking, Sensors. Abstract: Emotion recognition based on electroencephalography (EEG) signals has become an interesting research topic in the field of neuroscience, psychology, neural engineering, and computer science. However, the existing studies are mainly focused on normal or depression subjects, and few reports on hearing-impaired subjects. In this work, we have collected the EEG signals of 15 hearing-impaired subjects for categorizing three types of emotions (positive, neutral, and negative). To study the differences in functional connectivity between normal and hearing-impaired subjects under different emotional states, a novel brain network stacking ensemble learning framework was proposed. The phase-locking value (PLV) was utilized to calculate the correlation between EEG channels, and then we constructed a brain network using double thresholds. The spatial features of the brain network were extracted from the perspectives of local differentiation and global integration. In addition, the stacking ensemble learning framework was used to classify the fused features. To evaluate the proposed model, extensive experiments were carried out on the SEED dataset, and the result shows that the proposed method achieved superior performance than state-of-the-art models, in which the average classification accuracy is 0.955 (std: 0.052). In addition, the experimental results of hearing-impaired emotion recognition show that the average classification accuracy is 0.984 (std: 0.005). Finally, we investigated the activation patterns to reveal important brain regions and inter-channel relations about emotion recognition. |
8,242 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation Method for Common Quality Characteristics Engineering Capability of Equipment Development Enterprise, and key words: Indexes, Radar, Organizations, Capability maturity model, Reliability engineering, Standards organizations. Abstract: Common quality characteristic is a significant index reflecting equipment efficiency and the output characteristic of equipment development enterprise through a series of organization, management and technology process. In order to achieve efficient quality management, and solve the blindness and disorder in the improvement process of common quality characteristics of suppliers at all levels, this paper proposes a method for evaluating the common quality characteristics engineering capability of equipment development enterprise based on the maturity model. First, based on the connotation of engineering capability, a common quality characteristic engineering capability evaluation index system covering the whole process, all factors is established. The quantitative analysis method is given. Second, based on the similarity analysis, the expert dynamic weight analysis method with evaluation elements as the core is proposed. Finally, combined with a case study, the proposed method can effectively measure the engineering capability of the general quality characteristics of the equipment development unit, and thus provide a strong basis for continuous process improvement. |
8,243 | Please write an abstract with title: Geopotential Calculations Optimisation, and key words: Earth, Interpolation, Satellites, Trajectory, Complexity theory, Optimization. Abstract: The problem of the high complexity of calculating the series of spherical functions included in the expansion of the Earth's gravitational potential is considered. To solve this problem, an interpolation model is proposed, which makes it possible to substantially optimize the process of calculating the geopotential with insignificant losses in accuracy. |
8,244 | Please write an abstract with title: Trend Analysis Neural Networks for Interpretable Analysis of Longitudinal Data, and key words: Representation learning, Adaptation models, Adaptive systems, Neural networks, Big Data, Market research, Data models. Abstract: Cohort study is one of the most commonly used study methods in medical and public health researches, which result in longitudinal data. Conventional statistical models and machine learning methods are not capable of modeling the evolution trend of the variables in longitudinal data. In this paper, we propose a Trend Analysis Neural Networks (TANN), which models the evolution trend of the variables by adaptive feature learning. TANN was tested on dataset of Kaiuan research. The task was to predict occurrence of death within 5 years, with 3 repeated medical examinations from 2008 to 2013. The AUC of the TANN is 0.7888, which is a slightly improvement than that of conventional methods, while that of GBDT is 0.7824, that of random forests is 0.7822, and that of logistic regression is 0.7789. The experimental results show that the proposed TANN achieves better prediction performance on death events prediction than conventional models. Furthermore, by analyzing the weights of TANN, we could find out important trends of the indicators. The trend discovery mechanism interprets the model well. TANN is an appropriate trade-off between high performance and interpretability. |
8,245 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient Scheduling for VANET Considering Renewable Energy, and key words: Measurement, Roads, Scheduling algorithms, Renewable energy sources, Vehicular ad hoc networks, Quality of service, Power demand. Abstract: The realization of intelligent transportation systems requires the use of specific networks such as Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs). VANETs are used to connect vehicles with each other and with fixed infrastructure Road Side Units (RSUs). In powering the RSUs, renewable energy is a great alternative to conventional electric grid. This paper proposes an efficient scheduling algorithm for serving vehicles in a green vehicular network with the aim to maximize the number of served vehicles while maintaining a sustainable energy level. We define and compute four metrics, for each vehicle, of a substantial impact on both the quality of service (QoS) and the power to be consumed. The proposed scheme outperforms other scheduler in terms of the percentage of served vehicles under different arrival rates, various values of average vehicle velocities, variable data size and varying the amount of harvested energy. |
8,246 | Please write an abstract with title: Knowledge Navigated Quantum-inspired Tabu Search Algorithm for Reversible Circuit Synthesis, and key words: Costs, Navigation, Heuristic algorithms, Metaheuristics, Energy dissipation, Logic gates, Maintenance engineering. Abstract: Reversible circuits are the essential building blocks of quantum computers and have zero energy dissipation. However, there is no general rule on how to synthesize an effective circuit with minimal cost. Many researchers have placed a high value on the design of algorithms for reversible circuit synthesis as it is the fundamental component to implement in many paradigms, such as Shor’s algorithm. In this paper, the knowledge navigated quantum-inspired tabu search algorithm (KNQTS) is proposed to synthesize several benchmark functions. KNQTS is a quantum-inspired algorithm with the concept of getting closer to the best solution and keeping away from the worst solution, and it has a great search ability. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm uses self-adaptive, global-best guided and Quantum-Not gate mechanisms to make all procedures more efficient and avoid sticking to the local optimum. This paper also compares the KNQTS approach’s experimental results with those obtained via other metaheuristics and previous algorithms. Finally, the result shows that the proposed KNQTS method outperforms other state-of-the-art methods and achieves the same functionality at a lower cost. The solutions are optimal or near-optimal. |
8,247 | Please write an abstract with title: Nonlinear analysis of heart rate variability, and key words: Heart rate variability, Nonlinear dynamical systems, Chaos, Delay effects, Heart rate, Blood, State-space methods, Extraterrestrial measurements, Biomedical engineering, Biophysics. Abstract: This article reports nonlinear analysis of ECG R-R interval time-series obtained from healthy individuals and some cardiac patients. The R-R interval time-series data from 6 healthy individuals and 3 cardiac patients were transformed into multidimensional phase-space vectors by time-delay embedding. The largest Lyapunov exponent and correlation dimension (CD) were calculated. Nonlinearity was tested by comparing the CDs obtained from the original data with those obtained from surrogate data sets. Results are discussed with reference to results obtained in previous studies. |
8,248 | Please write an abstract with title: Characterization of trabecular bone using the backscattered spectral centroid shift, and key words: Cancellous bone, Biological tissues, Attenuation measurement, Hip, In vivo, Ultrasonic imaging, Ultrasonic variables measurement, Geometry, Bandwidth, Senior members. Abstract: Ultrasonic attenuation in bone in vivo is generally measured using a through-transmission method at the calcaneus. Although attenuation in calcaneus has been demonstrated to be a useful predictor for osteoporotic fracture risk, measurements at other clinically important sites, such as hip and spine, could potentially contain additional useful diagnostic information. Through-transmission measurements may not be feasible at these sites due to complex bone shapes and the increased amount of intervening soft tissue. Centroid shift from the backscattered signal is an index of attenuation slope and has been used previously to characterize soft tissues. In this paper, centroid shift from signals backscattered from 30 trabecular bone samples in vitro were measured. Attenuation slope also was measured using a through-transmission method. The correlation coefficient between centroid shift and attenuation slope was -0.71. The 95% confidence interval was (-0.86, -0.47). These results suggest that the backscattered spectral centroid shift may contain useful diagnostic information potentially applicable to hip and spine. |
8,249 | Please write an abstract with title: Effect of Cryogenic Temperature on DC Electrical Tree Initiation Characteristics of Epoxy Nanocomposites, and key words: Nanoparticles, Couplings, Temperature distribution, High-temperature superconductors, Nanocomposites, HVDC transmission, Epoxy resins. Abstract: The widely used epoxy resin for high temperature superconducting (HTS) HVDC transmission system suffers the issue of electrical tree aging under high electrical field. Improving the DC electrical performance of epoxy resin at cryogenic temperature is the key to the safe and stable operation of HTS transmission. In this paper, electrical tree initiation characteristics at room and cryogenic temperature are tested. Moreover, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) characterization of nanoparticles is carried out. The results show that the thermogravimetric process of nanoparticles modified with KH560 can be divided into physical and chemical thermogravimetric process, which indicates KH560 can effectively modify the surface of nano-alumina. With the increase of applied voltage cycles, the probability of tree initiation increases until all samples are triggered. At room temperature, it is found that the higher content of nano-alumina has the lower the tree initiation probability. In addition, the probability of DC tree initiation at cryogenic temperature is lower than that at room temperature. Furthermore, the tree initiation probability at 1 kV/s is much higher than that at 0.1 kV/s at both room and cryogenic temperatures. |
8,250 | Please write an abstract with title: Development on conveyance module with new power drive mechanism for thin wire production system, and key words: Wire, Production systems, Transportation, Communication cables, Electronics packaging, Electromagnetic propagation, Electromagnetic reflection, Copper alloys, Electromagnetic interference, Spirals. Abstract: This paper proposes the new thin wire production system and wire conveyance device in it. The thin wire production system consists of the conveyance module, thin film deposition module, processing module and so on. The conveyance module is a key component among them since it decides the specifications of wire and performance of production system. Proposed conveyance module consists of transportation unit and rotation unit. This paper proposes the new mechanism to generate the transportation by difference of rotation action of transportation unit and rotation unit. Also, this paper demonstrates of the new mechanism by experiments. The experimental results show the performance of the wire transportation, and the prototype achieved the requirement for the practical use such as transportation speed of 300 mm/s. |
8,251 | Please write an abstract with title: Stereo vision VLSI processor based on a recursive computation algorithm, and key words: Stereo vision, Very large scale integration, Computer vision, Pixel, Cameras, Instruments, Computer architecture, Processor scheduling, Intelligent robots, Intelligent vehicles. Abstract: Stereo vision is a well-known method for three-dimensional instrumentation. A major issue of stereo vision is to establish reliable correspondence between images. This paper presents a high-speed corresponding matching algorithm based on recursive SAD (sum of absolute differences) computation. Since the recursive SAD computation can be performed in parallel and have regular data dependencies, the proposed algorithm is well suitable for VLSI implementation. A VLSI processor architecture based on area-time minimization is also discussed to achieve highly-parallel processing and a simple interconnection network among processing elements. |
8,252 | Please write an abstract with title: Image quality measurement by using digital watermarking, and key words: Image quality, Watermarking, Discrete cosine transforms, Pollution measurement, Degradation, Image coding, Transform coding, Gaussian noise, Table lookup, Digital images. Abstract: This paper presents an objective picture quality measurement method based on the fragile digital image watermarking. Based on the DCT-based watermarking scheme, this paper presents a fragile digital image watermarking scheme that can work as an automatic quality monitoring system. We embed watermark in the DCT domain of original image, and the DCT blocks for embedding are carefully selected so that the degradation of the watermark can reflect the degradation of the image. The evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme against JPEG compression. |
8,253 | Please write an abstract with title: AIS hypermutation algorithm based pattern recognition and its application in ultrasonic defects detection, and key words: Pattern recognition, Immune system, Artificial immune systems, Proteins, Algorithm design and analysis, Humans, Pathogens, Pattern analysis, Signal analysis, Power engineering and energy. Abstract: The artificial immune system (AIS) hypermutation pattern recognition algorithm is designed, which is based on the principle of human immune system and the artificial immune system common algorithms. A paradigm of four simple signal patterns is analyzed through the AIS common algorithms and the AIS hypermutation algorithm. The result shows the three AIS pattern recognition algorithms can all correctly recognize the four patterns and the AIS hypermutation algorithm is much faster to reach the optimal antibody with better affinity than the common algorithms. An application of AIS hypermutation algorithm in ultrasonic defects detection is depicted and the result shows the hypermutation algorithm is practical in the aerial honeycomb core material debonding defect detection. |
8,254 | Please write an abstract with title: Bit-Error-Rate Degradation in a Multimode Fiber Optic Transmission Link Due to Modal Noise, and key words: Degradation, Optical fibers, Optical noise, Bit error rate, Signal to noise ratio, Light sources, Noise reduction, Statistics, Frequency, Fluctuations. Abstract: A review is given of the statistics of modal noise and of the expressions for the signal-to-noise ratio for the cases of a monochromatic and a nonmonochromatic light source including the effects of source frequency fluctuations. Using the results, a quantitative analysis is made of how modal noise degrades the bit-error-rate performance of a digital transmission link with multimode fiber. Plots of the bit-error rate versus the received optical power show the characteristic asymptotic behavior (BER floor); expressions are derived for the asymptotic BER. The power penalty due to modal noise can be considerably reduced by suitable system modifications, e.g., by optimization of the decision threshold setting or by application of a low coherent light source such as an LED or a laser diode operating with several spectral emission lines of low coherence and low partition noise. |
8,255 | Please write an abstract with title: Social-Aware Routing in Mobile Opportunistic Networks, and key words: Measurement, Routing, Relays, Delays, Topology, Network topology, Social networking (online). Abstract: Mobile Opportunistic Networks (MONs) are characterized by the lack of continuous end-to-end connectivity between two nodes due to node mobility, sparse deployment, and constrained resources. In order to fulfill ubiquitous communication requirements of them, social-aware routing, which exploits social ties and behaviors among nodes to make forwarding decisions, has been proposed and already become a promising approach to enable data delivery in MONs. In this article, we present an insightful review of social-aware routing in MONs through thorough investigations to provide a comprehensive understanding and inspire more in-depth studies. We first explore the motivations behind social-aware routing and introduce various social metrics commonly used. Then we investigate existing social-aware routing schemes in terms of design principles, evaluation metrics, taxonomy, relay selection and message distribution, respectively. Finally, we outline emerging challenges and open issues with respect to social metrics, social perception, privacy and security, emerging applications and experiments in this area. |
8,256 | Please write an abstract with title: A Federated Learning Based Chinese Text Classification Model with Parameter Factorization Weighting, and key words: Conferences, Computational modeling, Text categorization, Machine learning, Collaborative work. Abstract: Federated learning (FL), as an emerging field of machine learning, has received wide attention since this concept was proposed. In this, paper, we conduct research on text classification based on Federated Learning, and propose a Federated Learning via Local Batch Normalization and Parameter Factorization Weighting based Chinese Text Classification Model (FedBN-PW-CTC). We evaluate our approach on both homogenous and non-homogenous datasets and confirm its effect of 2.95% improvement of accuracy and 4.7% improvement of F1 score on non-homogeneous dataset. |
8,257 | Please write an abstract with title: Mathematical models and methods of multidecade inductive voltage divider calculation, and key words: Mathematical model, Voltage, Equivalent circuits, Linearity, Frequency, Neodymium. Abstract: In the paper, some mathematical models of dividers for communication systems in a kind of predicates have been carried out. The subscheme method is used. Some results of modeling were described. |
8,258 | Please write an abstract with title: Spectrometric Milk Analyzer, and key words: Degradation, Spectroscopy, Dairy products, Power demand, Wires, Food industry, Optical variables measurement. Abstract: Food spoilage and adulteration are issues of great concern, not only for the food industry, but also for consumers. Analytical techniques for food analyses are usually time-consuming, require sample pre-treatment and employ high-quality devices. This paper details a low-cost application for the examination of pasteurized milk. The samples were analysed using a 6-channel visible sensor which acquires spectral data from 430 nm to 670 nm. It has a low power consumption and can be easily interfaced with other devices that use serial communication. The spectrometric setup was encapsulated within an opaque container to prevent any external light to reach the surface of the sensor. The analysed samples were placed between the light source and the visible sensor to detect any intensity changes caused by milk degradation in time. To prevent any displacements between the systems components, a 3D-printed holder was designed and printed to support the sensor, the light source and the cuvette with the sample. The purpose of this work is to investigate if visible spectroscopy can be used to validate milk freshness. The sensor acquired data for several days. The results show a change in the spectral data read by the sensor which correspond with the moment the analysed milk turned sour. This sourness of the milk is the results of the fermentation process which causes lactose to turn into lactic acid. |
8,259 | Please write an abstract with title: A theoretical investigation of the characteristic temperature T/sub 0/ for semiconductor lasers, and key words: Temperature dependence, Filling, Quantum well lasers, Optical mixing, Optical superlattices, Radiative recombination, Quantum mechanics, Semiconductor superlattices, Charge carrier density, Temperature distribution. Abstract: The temperature dependence of the characteristic temperature T/sub 0/ of semiconductor quantum-well lasers is investigated using detailed simulations. The critical-temperature-dependent processes are the optical gain and the nonradiative recombination. The gain model is based on k /spl middot/ p theory with the multiple quantum wells in the active layer represented by a superlattice. The Auger process is assumed to be thermally activated. It is shown that, with inclusion of the continuum state filling and interband mixing, the most important features experimentally observed in the temperature dependence of the T/sub 0/ value can be explained. The continuum state filling and band nonparabolicity cause a significant deviation from the ideal linear carrier density versus temperature relation for quantum wells. The results are compared to experiment for broad area devices lasing at 980 nm and 1.3, and 1.55 μm, and show good agreement over a broad range of temperature. |
8,260 | Please write an abstract with title: The interrelation in fuzzy clustering, and key words: Clustering algorithms, Prototypes, Algorithm design and analysis, Industrial control, Process control, Failure analysis, Clustering methods, Machine learning algorithms, Machine learning, Merging. Abstract: We examine the structure of several objective functions in fuzzy clustering, and analyze their common characteristics, by which we recover the interrelation and duality in these objective functions. These results are verified by two corresponding experiments as well. |
8,261 | Please write an abstract with title: Machine Learning In Bioinformatics: Gene Expression And Microarray Studies, and key words: Bioinformatics, Gene expression, Machine learning, Cancer, Genomics, Classification algorithms, Machine learning algorithms. Abstract: Machine learning methods used in the field of bioinformatics are a frequently used solution method in diagnosing, treating and investigating the underlying causes of diseases. In addition, it is an important field of study that allows for the ease of processing, the provision of computational power and the diversity of computational tools specific to the subject, especially in processes that require processing on gene expression and microarray data sets. In this study, an introduction has been made on the use of machine learning methods in the field of bioinformatics gene expression, and the use of machine learning methods has been exemplified by recent studies. |
8,262 | Please write an abstract with title: Fuel cell bus energy management based on deep reinforcement learning in NGSIM high-speed traffic scenario, and key words: Deep learning, Employee welfare, Renewable energy sources, Fluctuations, Roads, Hydrogen, Fuel cells. Abstract: As a new type of vehicle power system with zero emission and renewable energy, fuel cell has high research value. In this paper, a fuel cell energy management strategy based on deep reinforcement learning is proposed for high-speed traffic scenarios. A bus working condition with real high-speed traffic scenarios is obtained through NGSIM's real high-speed road segment data set screening. The energy management strategy effectively reduces the hydrogen consumption by 4.21% and the power fluctuation by 17.2%, which effectively improves the durability of fuel cells. |
8,263 | Please write an abstract with title: The Spot Market Clearing Simulation Research of Guangdong Power Grid Incorporating Demand Response Resource, and key words: Costs, Supply and demand, Simulation, Conferences, Electricity supply industry, Demand response, Power grids. Abstract: Combined with the trial operation of electricity spot market in South China (starting from Guangdong province) in 2021, this paper carries out simulation research on the spot electricity energy market in Guangdong with demand response. Firstly, it summarizes and analyzes different types of demand responsere source, the participation modes and the organizational process of Guangdong spot market incorporating demand response resource. Secondly, the time-sharing output characteristics and bidding characteristics of demand response resources are analyzed. A day-ahead clearing model and a settlement model taking into account the demand response are established. Then, based on the electricity market simulation system designed by the research institute of China Southern power grid, the boundary conditions such as unit bidding information, demand response bidding information and supply and demand curve under the spot market environment of Guangdong are simulated. Finally, the paper simulated the clearing results of Guangdong day-ahead spot market, analyzed the impact of demand response on spot price, unit power generation cost and user electricity charges, and studied the benefits of demand response participating in the spot market under different settlement modes. |
8,264 | Please write an abstract with title: Distributed Acoustic Sensor Signal Denoising Method Based On CEEMDAN-MPE, and key words: Noise reduction, Signal processing algorithms, Railway safety, Acoustic sensors, Signal processing, Safety, Signal denoising. Abstract: To solve the problem that the unknown noise of distributed acoustic sensor (DAS) signal interferes with railway safety detecting and monitoring, a novel denoising method based on complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) and multiscale permutation entropy (MPE) is proposed. The CEEMDAN algorithm is used to decompose the raw signal into several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), and then calculate the MPE value of each IMF. The IMFs with MPE greater than 0.6 are denoised through the interval thresholding, and then reconstruct all IMFs. The application example of knocking signal shows the validity and reliability of the approach. |
8,265 | Please write an abstract with title: Composite Adaptive Attitude Control of Asteroid-Orbiting Spacecraft With Regressor Integral Excitation, and key words: Space vehicles, Solar system, Orbits, Attitude control, Trajectory, Quaternions, Gravity. Abstract: This article (correspondence) develops a composite adaptive control system for the attitude trajectory tracking of a spacecraft in elliptic orbit around a uniformly rotating asteroid. It is assumed that the spacecraft’s moment of inertia and the asteroid’s gravitational parameters are unknown. The adaptation law designed here includes a positive semidefinite regressor-dependent matrix integral. For its synthesis, the tracking error as well as two model prediction errors are used. This enhances parameter excitation and causes faster decay of the parameter error. By the Lyapunov analysis, local convergence of the tracking error is established. In addition, it is shown that the trajectories of the system converge to two manifolds. Simulation results for a spacecraft on prograde elliptic orbit around asteroid 433 Eros are presented. These results show nadir-pointing attitude regulation. Interestingly, six out of nine unknown parameters are estimated accurately for certain proportional perturbations in the model parameters. |
8,266 | Please write an abstract with title: A CA Model for Dynamic Analysis of College Students' Ideological Trends, and key words: Analytical models, Mechatronics, Automation, Education, Automata, Market research, Mathematical models. Abstract: Aiming at the increasingly important practical situation of ideological and political education in colleges, this paper analyzes the process of ideological and political education communication, and establishes a CA model for ideological trends analysis. Based on the theory of human network and cellular automata, we first establish a communication model of cellular automata. Then, the students in the whole school are regarded as a cellular space, and the dynamic changes of college students' thoughts are analyzed in the evolution of Internet public opinion in colleges, and the influencing factors of public opinion are found out. Finally, the CA simulation under Matlab is used to analyze the dynamic changes of students' thoughts in the network reality events. The experimental results show that the public opinion is correctly guided and controlled during the formation and development of the network public opinion communication. It is proved that various factors affecting the variation of network public opinion can avoid the occurrence of bad public opinion. |
8,267 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Grip Force Cognition Scheme for Robot-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery, and key words: Force, Surgery, Instruments, Cognition, Ground penetrating radar, Robots, Training. Abstract: Obtaining a grip force in robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (RMIS) has always been a crucial research topic. A novel grip force cognition scheme is proposed in this article. We utilize the dynamic analysis of the cable-driven system to conduct feature engineering and add prior knowledge to the Gaussian process regression (GPR). Specifically, the feature and GPR model candidates are acquired by analyzing the dynamic characteristics first. After that, a wrapper searching method combined with exhaustive search (ES) and sequential backward selection (SBS) is proposed to determine the features and GPR model. The hyperparameters are optimized by differential evolution (DE) by minimizing the negative log marginal likelihood (NLML). Besides, the training set is extended by including several different objects to avoid the algorithm “learning” the object property. Our method is verified on a cable-driven platform to ensure the errors are all derived from the algorithm rather than the cable tension loss. Our method reduces the errors on our testing set by about 64% and outperforms several popular model-based and learning-based methods. This article illustrates the significance to integrate the system's characteristics when introducing machine learning techniques into robot systems. |
8,268 | Please write an abstract with title: Dielectric Characteristics of Thermoplastic Polyimide R-BAPS and R-BAPB Films in the Low Frequency Range, and key words: Temperature distribution, Films, Polyimides, Distance measurement, Frequency measurement, Electric fields, Permittivity. Abstract: The results of the investigation dielectric characteristics of thermoplastic polyimide R-BAPB and R-BAPS films are presented. The absorption charging currents Ich(t) of R-BAPB & R-BAPS TPI films ranging the temperature in between 20 °C- 200 °C for 5 hours in constant electric field 2·105 V/m. The experimental data were analyzed to correspond to Voigt equivalent and Maxwell's circuits. Main dielectric characteristics [permittivity ε'(ω), dielectric loss(tan δ), dielectric loss factor ε"(ω), active Za(ω) and reactive Zc(ω) resistances] were computed and compared in the range of frequencies from 10-4 to 10-1 Hz according to the parameters of Voigt's and Maxwell's equivalent scheme. The mechanisms of charge accumulation of R-BAPB and R-BAPS films within constant electric field were analyzed. |
8,269 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Energy Management Strategy for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Buses Based on Model Predictive Control and Estimation of Distribution Algorithm, and key words: Markov processes, Energy management, Mechanical power transmission, Fuel economy, Torque, Predictive models, Mathematical models. Abstract: Energy management strategies determine how much energy is consumed by the engine and electric motor of plug-in hybrid electric buses (PHEBs), which represent critical fuel-saving technologies. In this study, a model predictive control (MPC) method with the estimation of distribution algorithm (EDA) as the solver is proposed to optimize the energy flow of PHEBs. Inspired by the recursive mechanism, short-term velocity prediction is achieved based on a Markov chain model with online updates to greatly improve prediction accuracy. Then, the energy-flow control problem of PHEBs is formulated as a discrete-time nonlinear optimization problem. Due to its strong nonlinear multivariable and constrained nature, the control algorithm is implemented by using MPC. To obtain an optimal solution efficiently, the EDA algorithm is incorporated into the MPC-based control framework, in which the Gaussian distribution is selected as a probabilistic model to characterize the candidate solutions and make full use of the statistical information extracted from the search experience. All performance verifications were conducted by theoretical simulation and hardware-in–the-loop. The verification results show that the proposed strategy can greatly improve the fuel economy and the shorten computational time over cycle-based driving. |
8,270 | Please write an abstract with title: Reduced-Order State Observers for Linear Discrete-time Positive Systems, and key words: Observers, Linear matrix inequalities, Symmetric matrices, Task analysis, Linear systems, Mathematical model, Discrete-time systems. Abstract: For linear discrete-time positive systems the paper proposes an approach reflecting structural system constraints and positiveness in solving the problem of reduced-order positive observer design. Common system parameter constraints are represented in the form of linear matrix inequalities, combined with observer $\mathrm{H}_{\infty}$ norm bound, to guarantee the observer asymptotic stability. A numerical example is included to assess the feasibility of the proposed technique. |
8,271 | Please write an abstract with title: On the existence of a periodic model for a class of stochastic processes, and key words: Stochastic processes, Riccati equations, Nonlinear equations, Linear systems, Transforms, White noise, Random processes. Abstract: The existence of a periodic solution to a class of nonlinear Riccati equations is considered. A set of conditions to be satisfied by the coefficients of the Riccati equation and proper initial condition leads to the periodic solution. This class of equations appears in the solution to the factorization problem; i.e., determination of a linear system which transforms white noise into a possibly nonstationary random process with a specified covariance function. |
8,272 | Please write an abstract with title: An efficient methodology and semi-automated flow for design and validation of complex digital signal processing ASICS macro-cells, and key words: Signal design, Digital signal processing, Application specific integrated circuits, Signal processing algorithms, Algorithm design and analysis, Design methodology, Testing, High level synthesis, Hardware, Laboratories. Abstract: We present a methodology and design flow for signal processing application specific integrated circuit macro-cells. The key features of the methodology are the mastering the complexity of design, the increasing of reuse factor and the early error detection. It takes advantages of a derivative designs, a signal processing modularity, generic modeling and combines both levels of abstraction, in order to produce an efficient architecture. The flow includes a fast verification platform that drives both algorithm and architecture validation in an efficient way. We illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology by a significant industrial application. Experimental design results indicate strong advantages of the proposed schemes. |
8,273 | Please write an abstract with title: Matrix converter topologies with reduced number of switches, and key words: Matrix converters, Switches, Circuit topology, Pulse width modulation, Costs, Reactive power, Capacitors, Voltage, Clamps, Switching converters. Abstract: A direct AC-to-AC converter commonly termed a matrix converter has a simple structure and many attractive features. However, the complexity of its conventional PWM strategy is prone to commutation failure, which is a factor that keeps it from being utilized in industry. This paper focuses on several alternative dual-bridge matrix topologies which do not possess this problem. First, these converters have the same characteristics as a conventional matrix converter, such as four-quadrant operation, unity input power factor, no DC-link capacitor, and high quality voltage/current waveforms. Second, the number of switches can be reduced thus reducing the cost. Third, the switches on the line side can turn on and off at zero current, they do not have any difficult commutation problems. Lastly, the complexity of the clamp circuit in these topologies can be greatly simplified thereby further reducing the cost. This paper introduces several topologies with a reduced number of switches and analyzes the characteristics of this converter family. Simulation and experimental results of a 9-switch topology are provided to verify its feasibility. |
8,274 | Please write an abstract with title: Seismic Structural Curvature Volume Extraction With Convolutional Neural Networks, and key words: Feature extraction, Estimation, Deformable models, Surface topography, Surface impedance, Strain, Convolutional neural networks. Abstract: Structural curvatures are widely used seismic attributes that help interpreters to understand both structural and stratigraphic features. Traditional structural curvature extractions are mainly calculated from dip estimations through lateral scanning of seismic events, which is not only a very time-costing approach but also influenced by parameter settings, seismic frequency, and data quality. In this article, we propose a deep learning-based volumetric curvature extraction approach that directly derives structural curvature volumes from the seismic response. To realize the above approach, we develop a suite of sample generation and augmentation methods to synthesize seismic samples with accurate curvature labels. Then, a multitask end-to-end convolutional neural network architecture and a geometric loss function are proposed to establish the volume mapping model from complex seismic responses to the most positive and negative curvature volumes. The performance of the proposed curvature extraction approach is evaluated on both the synthetic data and the Netherlands F3 field seismic data. Extensive experiments demonstrate that curvature volumes extracted with the proposed approach are not only more accurate and less influenced by the noises of poststack seismic data but also more friendly for structure interpretation. Therefore, we believe that our proposed deep learning curvature extraction approach can be a useful tool for further seismic structure interpretation practices. |
8,275 | Please write an abstract with title: A 128 /spl times/ 128 CMOS bio-sensor array for extracellular recording of neural activity, and key words: Extracellular, Sensor arrays, Biosensors, Electrodes, Dielectrics, Voltage, Cells (biology), CMOS process, Biomembranes, MOSFET circuits. Abstract: A CMOS sensor array for monitoring neural signals of living cells with 128 /spl times/ 128 pixels in a 1 mm/sup 2/ area is described. A standard 0.5 /spl mu/m, 5 V CMOS process extended by top electrodes covered by a relatively thin bio-compatible dielectric is used. Detection circuitry is based on a sensor-MOSFET mismatch-compensating current-mode technique. |
8,276 | Please write an abstract with title: Transmission attenuation map with measured downscatter correction, and key words: Attenuation measurement, Pollution measurement, Contamination, Single photon emission computed tomography, Imaging phantoms, Energy measurement, Heart, Electromagnetic scattering, Particle scattering, Telephony. Abstract: As the attenuation correction becomes clinical reality in SPECT, accurate estimation of emission downscatter to transmission during simultaneous emission-transmission acquisition becomes critical. In this study, we proposed a technique that directly measures the downscatter contamination from 140-keV emission photons to the 100-keV transmission window. The technique combines energy window discrimination and spatial window discrimination to separate emission (EM), transmission (TR) and downscattered (DS) photons. A spatial mask (S) aligned with the opposing scanning line source and a gap (G) at each end of S are first defined. Photons detected inside the S belong to TR if their energy fall inside the 100 keV window; those detected outside the S and G belong to either EM if their energy inside the 140 keV window, or DS if they are inside the 100 keV window. The TR is corrected from the downscatter contamination via subtraction a fraction of the DS. The effectiveness of the technique is evaluated based on the uniformity of the ROI in the reconstructed attenuation map from a series of phantom experiments. The technique is compared with another technique using an adjacent energy window measurement. For typical cardiac studies, the uniformity of the transmission map from both techniques are comparable in the heart area, while for the cardiac study with high concentration present in the gall bladder, the uniformity is significantly improved from the proposed technique. |
8,277 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance Studies of 3D-Hyper-FleX-LION for HPC Applications, and key words: Simulation, Crystals, Bandwidth, Throughput, Optical fiber communication. Abstract: This paper studies the performance of 3D-Hyper-FleX-LION for HPC systems. The simulation results obtained for different HPC applications (i.e. Fill Boundary, Crystal Router, MiniFE, and MiniDFT) show up to 2.8 ×improvements in throughput per watt when compared with a Fat-Tree with no oversubcription. |
8,278 | Please write an abstract with title: Anomaly Detection for Transmission Loss Data Using Regression Method, and key words: Resistance, Analytical models, Power engineering, Urban areas, Transformers, Propagation losses, Reliability engineering. Abstract: The large amount of historical line loss data accumulated by the power grid company can provide a basis for the work of loss reduction. To explore the cause of transmission loss in the case of poor data quality, a novel abnormal transmission loss data detection method is proposed. Firstly, the type and reliability of the line loss data are analyzed based on the engineering practice, and the loss models are established from the aspects of line loss and transformer loss. Secondly, the nonlinear regression models are established according to the established loss models, to find out the abnormal data more accurately using the limited data. Further, the data detection process is designed to include data classifying, preprocessing, modeling, and anomaly detection. The case study shows that the proposed abnormal data detection method has better accuracy than the traditional method and can locate anomalies to specific lines and transformers, which provides a better basis for loss reduction work. |
8,279 | Please write an abstract with title: CRU-Net: A Deep Learning Network for Semantic Segmentation of Pathological Tissue Slices, and key words: Deep learning, Drugs, Pathology, Image segmentation, Semantics, Tools, Convolutional neural networks. Abstract: The study of cell nuclei is the starting point of modern medical pathology analysis and new drug development, and the semantic segmentation of pathological tissue slice images is a fundamental task of cell nucleus research[1]. This paper proposes a deep learning convolutional neural network for semantic segmentation of cell nuclei, where V-Net [6] is used as the basic framework for segmentation, and then the channel attention mechanism is added to its skip connections. The experiment is evaluated on the dataset of pathological tissue slice images, publicly released in the 2018 Kaggle Challenge data science bowl. The experimental results show that the improved deep learning convolutional neural network achieves excellent performance on the semantic segmentation task of pathological tissue slice images, and can be used as a tool for automatic segmentation of pathological tissue slice images. |
8,280 | Please write an abstract with title: E-Government Evaluation: Reflections on Two Organisational Studies, and key words: Electronic government, Reflection, Business, Investments, Costs, Councils, Information systems, Economics, Knowledge management, Robustness. Abstract: Senior executives in public sector organisations have been charged with delivering an e-Government agenda. A key emerging area of research is that of the evaluation of e-Government, given that economic factors have traditionally dominated any traditional ICT evaluation process. In this paper the authors report the findings from two interpretive in-depth case studies in the UK public sector, which explore e-Government organisational evaluation within a public sector setting. This paper seeks to offer insights to organisational and managerial aspects surrounding the improvement of knowledge and understanding of e-Government evaluation. The findings that are elicited from the case studies are analysed and presented in terms of a framework derived from organisational analysis to improve e-Government evaluation, with key lessons learnt being extrapolated from practice. The paper concludes that e-Government evaluation is both an under developed and under managed area, and calls for senior executives to engage more with the e-Government agenda and for organisations to review e-Government evaluation to improve evaluation practice. |
8,281 | Please write an abstract with title: Practical physical topology design for optical networks, and key words: Network topology, Optical design, Optical fiber networks, Telecommunication network topology, Wavelength routing, Wavelength division multiplexing, Wavelength assignment, Telecommunication traffic, All-optical networks, Optical wavelength conversion. Abstract: Traditional approaches to wavelength routing network design divide it into two separate problems: virtual topology design (VTD), in which best connections among nodes are derived from traffic demand; and routing-and-wavelength assignment (RWA) or physical topology design (PTD), in which physical paths are accommodated in the physical topology to support the requested connections. We presented an integer linear program for solving the PTD or routing and wavelength assignment problem in all optical networks with wavelength conversion. The approach is executed on a random mesh in Brazilian territory. The performance is studied for two traffic matrixes. |
8,282 | Please write an abstract with title: Load frequency active disturbance rejection control for an interconnected power system via deep reinforcement learning, and key words: Robust control, Uncertainty, Adaptive systems, Simulation, Reinforcement learning, Control systems, Robustness. Abstract: Load frequency control is an important issue in power systems, so focusing on the typical two-area interconnected power system with non-reheat turbines, this paper designed the learning active disturbance rejection controller to achieve intelligent and adaptive tuning of control parameters, in which the deep reinforcement learning is adopted to adapt to unexpected uncertainties and faults, even a new environment. Finally, numerical simulations show the better performance of the learning controller, and the strong capability to deal with uncertainties and disturbances comparing with the general LADRC controller. |
8,283 | Please write an abstract with title: Estimation Technique of RCS using LSTM, and key words: Antenna measurements, Shape, Electromagnetic scattering, Predictive models, Market research, Reflector antennas, Data models. Abstract: RCS measurement is a factor that helps design communication systems, antenna systems, and aircraft where scattering and reflection of electromagnetic waves are important. However, RCS measurements of time and cost are particularly related to large items such as aircraft and ships. Accordingly, this study provided a long-short-term memory (LSTM) strategy to solve the above difficulty and increase RCS measurement efficiency. RCS was evaluated using computer simulation, and after learning based on the observed data, RCS prediction data not measured within tolerance was calculated. The estimated data used RMSE to determine the error, and the estimated value indicates the result along the trend line of the observed value. |
8,284 | Please write an abstract with title: 2D and 3D tunable photonic crystals fabricated in liquid crystal/polymer composites, and key words: Photonic crystals, Liquid crystal polymers, Liquid crystals, Lattices, Holography, Polarization, Laser beams, Crystalline materials, Fabrication, Electrons. Abstract: Two-dimensional transverse square lattice and fcc lattice are formed in liquid crystal/polymer composites by using four-beam holography. The morphology of these lattices is investigated by scanning electron microscopy and electro-optical measurements are performed. |
8,285 | Please write an abstract with title: Novel synthetic ferrimagnet pinned Layers for metallic CPP spin valves requiring high pinning-field and output, and key words: Spin valves, Magnetoresistance, Magnetic sensors, Magnetization, Scattering, Magnetic materials, Magnetic recording, Laboratories, Magnetic heads, Couplings. Abstract: We have succeeded in enhancing the current-perpendicular-to-plane (CPP) magnetoresistance of the synthetic spin-valves by controlling the spin-dependent transport through the synthetic ferrimagnetic pinned layer using impurities. The new pinned layer overcomes the disadvantage of the synthetic pinned layer in CPP spin-valves for the magnetoresistance reduction. The experimental results are well described by our calculations based on the two-current theory. The proposed pinned layer, together with our newly developed magnetoresistive ferromagnetic materials, will be quite effective in producing CPP spin-valve sensors for ultrahigh-density data storage systems. |
8,286 | Please write an abstract with title: Enabling Real-time Gesture Recognition Data Delivery over ROS and OpenISS, and key words: Middleware, Real-time systems, Libraries, Operating systems, Gesture recognition, Cameras, Streaming media. Abstract: OpenISS is a motion capture data delivery frame-work for various types of applications ranging from computation arts to natural user interfaces and visual effects production. The core framework allows functionality for specific problems such as gesture recognition, person re-identification and facial analysis via respective specialization frameworks. In this paper, we present our solution to address an emerging problem, which is to broadcast gesture recognition data delivered using a gesture framework specialization over the network in real-time to further address our new requirements such as decoupling data source from the end user application. We leverage the Robot Operating System (ROS), an open source set of tools and libraries not only for its communication middleware to broadcast this data over its network stack but also because it allows us to interface and obtain relevant data from other depth-sensing devices that ROS can already interface via its community-driven open source packages. We evaluate our solution on various aspects and measure the related overhead or cost of such interoperability between our framework and the ROS middleware for which we employ metrics such as effective frame rate and network delay. We also provide our framework specialization as a ROS package which is the first known work to supply real-time gesture tracking data via ROS. |
8,287 | Please write an abstract with title: Isotropic Conductive Adhesive Interconnect Technology in Electronics Packaging Applications, and key words: Conductive adhesives, Electronics packaging, Independent component analysis, Surface-mount technology, Lead, Powders, Conductivity, Application software, Tin, Polymers. Abstract: This paper is intended to provide an initial resource for researchers and practitioners entering the isotropic conductive adhesive (ICA) field, but may also prove useful to those with prior experience. It presents an historical overview of the issues confronted in ICA development and use in various electronics packaging applications in place of soldering technology. |
8,288 | Please write an abstract with title: Splitting and merging control of multiple platoons with Signal Temporal Logic, and key words: Computational modeling, Merging, Trajectory, Computational efficiency, Task analysis. Abstract: Coordination of multiple platoons involves the design of vehicles' trajectories ensuring splitting and merging of different platoons in a safe and energy-optimal manner. In this work, we consider the split-merge-maintain problem between any pair of platoons in which a number of vehicles temporally split from the rest, allowing the vehicles of another platoon to merge, and move with the preceding and following vehicles as a single, large platoon. Here, the splitting, merging and distance-maintaining tasks are expressed in Signal Temporal Logic (STL) and a control barrier function (CBF) is introduced to encode the STL constraints. The control inputs of the vehicles are, then, found as a solution to a computationally efficient, convex, quadratic program. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified in simulation. |
8,289 | Please write an abstract with title: Parametric description of one-process surface texture, and key words: Optical interferometry, Correlation, Three-dimensional displays, Milling, Surface topography, Surface texture, Regression analysis. Abstract: Description of areal (3D) surface topography using only one parameters does not completely characterize surface. The analysis of linear correlation between parameters is helpful in selection of parameters. In this work one hundred surface textures after five machining treatments (grinding, polishing, vapor blasting, milling and one-process honing) measured by white light interferometer were analyzed. Additionally, selected twenty one-process surfaces after various treatments were studied. On the basis of correlation and regression analyses, sets of parameters describing individual surface groups and generally one-process surfaces were determined. It was found that one-process surfaces can be characterized by parameters: Sq, Sal, Str, Sdq, Sq/Sa and Sp/Sz. The extended characterization contains also parameters: Ssk, Sku, and Spd. Machining process can be identified based on the following pairs of parameters: Sq/Sa and Sp/Sz, Sdq and Sal as well as Str and Spd. Sq/Sa and Sp/Sz ratios were found to better characterize ordinate distribution of one-process surface texture than Ssk and Sku. |
8,290 | Please write an abstract with title: Black Box to White Box: Discover Model Characteristics Based on Strategic Probing, and key words: Training, Industries, Training data, Machine learning, Libraries, Probes, Tuning. Abstract: In Machine Learning, White Box Adversarial Attacks rely on knowing underlying knowledge about the model attributes. This works focuses on discovering to distrinct pieces of model information: the underlying architecture and primary training dataset. With the process in this paper, a structured set of input probes and the output of the model become the training data for a deep classifier. Two subdomains in Machine Learning are explored - image based classifiers and text transformers with GPT-2. With image classification, the focus is on exploring commonly deployed architectures and datasets available in popular public libraries. Using a single transformer architecture with multiple levels of parameters, text generation is explored by fine tuning off different datasets. Each dataset explored in image and text are distinguishable from one another. Diversity in text transformer outputs implies further research is needed to successfully classify architecture attribution in text domain. |
8,291 | Please write an abstract with title: Voltage Tuning for Reliable Computation in Emerging Resistive Memories, and key words: Temperature sensors, Torque, Nonvolatile memory, Random access memory, Voltage, Switches, Very large scale integration. Abstract: Emerging non-volatile memories facilitate the Computation in Memory (CiM) paradigm. Performing operations with the concept of CiM plays a crucial role in the efficiency improvement of data-intensive applications. Resistive switching RAM (ReRAM) and Spin Transfer Torque Magnetic RAM (STT-MRAM) are promising candidates for the CiM implementation. Reliable CiM implementation with these resistive non-volatile memories (memristive devices) is challenging and error-prone since the manufacturing process of both the memristive components and the CMOS components are susceptible to the temperature- and voltage-dependent variation. Moreover, the small distance between the distinct resistive levels of the STT-MRAM, and time-dependent resistance drift in ReRAM, exacerbates the reliability of CiM implementations. In this paper, we perform a detailed study on the impact of the temperature and voltage biasing on the variation in both the STT-MRAM and ReRAM technologies as well as propose a voltage tuning scheme to significantly improve the sensing reliability of CiM implementations based on these technologies. We also investigate the impact of our proposed voltage tuning scheme on the power consumption and performance of the CiM circuitry. |
8,292 | Please write an abstract with title: An Acoustic Resonator with Electromechanical Coupling of 16% and Low TCF at 5.4 GHz, and key words: Couplings, Silicon compounds, Temperature dependence, 5G mobile communication, Lithium niobate, Resonant frequency, Acoustics. Abstract: In this paper, an acoustic resonator with frequency > 5 GHz is designed, implemented, and measured with electromechanical coupling exceeding 15% and low temperature dependence compared to conventional Lamb-wave resonators. The acoustic resonator is optimized for the S4 mode Lamb waves in a bi-morph composed of Lithium Niobate and Silicon Dioxide. The resonator optimization is based on adjusting the thickness of different materials in the bimorph to maximize the coupling and minimize temperature dependence simultaneously. The achieved specifications are adequate for 5G sub-6 GHz frequency band n46 in addition to Wi-Fi new bands between 5 and 6 GHz. |
8,293 | Please write an abstract with title: Microstructural Characteristics and Hardness Property of Laser Cladded Ti and TiB<inf>2</inf> Nanocomposites on Steel Rail, and key words: Technological innovation, X-ray scattering, Powders, Nanocomposites, X-ray lasers, Titanium, X-ray diffraction. Abstract: The laser cladding experiment was carried out on a two-powder loading hub laser machine at the Center for Scientific Innovation and Research, Pretoria, South Africa. Nanocomposites of Titanium and Titanium diboride was at ratio loaded and cladded on carbon steel surface. Metallurgical characterization of microscopic and macroscopic view was executed. The X-ray diffraction was taken with the PW1710 Philips diffractometer. XRD results of TiB2 rich samples reveals peak phase of cubic Titanium diboride, hexagonal Titanium, cubic alpha-Iron, tetragonal Iron 2 boride and hexagonal Titanium diboride. XRD of even mix sample revealed clad phases of hexagonal Titanium and orthorhombic Titanium diboride. XRD of Ti rich clad revealed phases of cubic gamma-Iron-austenite, hexagonal Titanium, hexagonal titanium diboride, cubic Khamrabaevite and hexagonal alpha-Titanium phases. Sample 3 showed good XRD phases that influenced the property of the composites. The working parameters of laser power were from 1250 W to 1500 W and scanning speed of 1.0 to 1.2. m/min. The analysis showed a microhardness response range of 781 HV to 1254 HV0.5.Interesting phases and structures have been seen in the microstructures of the admixed powders. Pores and colouration pigments are vital factors influencing the properties of the microstructures. Properties of each powder has been used to form new properties of the admixed powders which has significant effects on the final microstructures of the composites. The homogeneous distribution of the reinforcements in the microstructures of the composites can be linked to the optimized parameters which in turn also enhance the mechanical properties of the composites. |
8,294 | Please write an abstract with title: Movable Surveillance Camera using IoT and Raspberry Pi, and key words: Cameras, Robot vision systems, Surveillance, Robots, Forestry, Drones, Animals. Abstract: Surveillance is the one major thing that anyone wants and required to protect their things or monitor their places. In this paper, we proposed a movable surveillance camera using Raspberry Pi and Webcam. The movement of the proposed surveillance camera can be controlled by using the designed web browser and python scripting language. It can cover a wide area. The proposed architecture is portable and movable. It is extensively used in high-risk prone areas to humans and also used in the industries for continuous monitoring for seamless working machinery. The movement of the camera can be done by using a Robot, which is driven by the motor driver L298N module integrated with the circuit. The data collected by the proposed movable surveillance camera is more superior than the conventional CCTV Cameras, Drone Cameras, and Camera Traps. The problem with the drone camera is very less coverage area. In forest areas, the camera traps are replaced by the proposed surveillance camera. It can be used for capturing images in dark areas as it uses LED's. SSH Protocol is used for sending the captured images. |
8,295 | Please write an abstract with title: Urban Scenes Change Detection Based on Multi-Scale Irregular Bag of Visual Features for High Spatial Resolution Imagery, and key words: Feature extraction, Roads, Visualization, Remote sensing, Image segmentation, Semantics, Laboratories. Abstract: Remote sensing scene change detection (SCD) is to detect whether and what changes have occurred in the semantic category of corresponding scenes for a long time at the semantic level. This can provide detailed land use/land cover change information for Urban planning and environmental monitoring. Previous studies take regular patches divided by uniform grid sampling as scene units. This may lead to mosaic phenomenon, and use fixed Window to extract features, ignoring the multi-scale features of ground objects, while extracting scene features. To solve the problems, the multi-scale irregular bag of visual features (MIBVF) framework is proposed for high spatial resolution (HSR) imagery SCD. In this paper, we integrate image classification of the physical characteristics from remote sensing data with the socio-economic attributes from open source geographic data. Road network data is used to preserve the geological significance and semantic integrity of urban scenes, and multi-scale window sampling is used to solve the problem of different object sizes. To confirm the feasibility of the proposed method, experiments with multi-temporal images of the Pudong area in Shanghai indicate that the proposed method achieves a clearly higher change detection accuracy than current state-of-the-art methods. |
8,296 | Please write an abstract with title: A Robust and Power-Efficient Power Line Interference Canceling VLSI Design, and key words: Adaptive filters, Interference, Very large scale integration, Electrocardiography, Harmonic analysis, Hardware, Electroencephalography. Abstract: The electric generators functional performance is prone to suffer from harmonic distortions such as first, second, and third-order. This work proposes a low power dissipation VLSI hardware architecture for a robust power line interference canceling (PLIC). Our proposed Least Mean Square (LMS) architecture has just four clock cycles of latency per sample. The Harmonic Generator (HG) architectures are exploited and optimized in their arithmetic operations. We substituted conventional multiplier by adders and shifters, and used efficient and previously published squared multipliers. In particular, the Vedic multiplier architecture is proven to be an efficient alternative for use in the HG. Our VLSI synthesis results show that the proposed approach, combining the optimized adaptive filters LMS and HG's hardware architecture, turns the PLIC VLSI structure robust and power-efficient by effectively suppressing interferences in both ECG (Electrocardiogram) and EEG (Electroencephalo-gram) signals. Notably, the PLIC architecture is more efficient in the circuit area and power dissipation with the Vedic multiplier in the HG, with savings of up to 40% in total power and 15% in VLSI area, compared to the state-of-the-art solution. |
8,297 | Please write an abstract with title: Micro-Expression Recognition Using VGG19 Convolutional Neural Network Architecture And Random Forest, and key words: Geometry, Visualization, Databases, Robot vision systems, Feature extraction, Convolutional neural networks, Random forests. Abstract: Micro-expression is a hidden expression of human. This expression occurs in a very short time and very difficult to see or detect in a daily conversation. A system that developed in this research is a system that capable of analyzing micro-expression and show the result performance. The method used is by using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with Visual Geometry Group - 19 (VGG19) architecture as feature extractor and random forest as classifier. Architecture CNN VGG19 selected because many case in image classification, CNN always have good performance. The research use SMIC-Cropped database with the distribution of percentage between training:validation of 50:50, 55:45, 60:40, 65:35, 70:30, 75:25, 80:20, 85:15, and 90:10. This research obtained accuracy in the range of 98% - 100%. The distribution percentage of the database which have best performance is obtained when the split is 90:10 with result 99% - 100% accuracy, 99%-100% precision, 100% recall, and 100% f1-score. |
8,298 | Please write an abstract with title: Minimum-Time Path Planning for Autonomous Landing of UAV on Aerial Drone Carrier, and key words: Solid modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Power demand, Trajectory planning, Perturbation methods, Optimal control, Robot sensing systems. Abstract: The motivation for this work stems from the need to develop trajectory planning algorithms for small UAVs with limited resources. The goal is to address one of the most critical problems in UAV design, namely weight constraints. Therefore, in order to reduce the weight, small batteries are used which affect the flight duration and overall performance. To increase the operating time during a mission, frequent recharging is typically required. To solve this problem, an autonomous air-to-air take-off and landing on a drone carrier for recharging is proposed. The main objective of this study is to calculate the minimum time and thus the shortest maneuver route between the UAV and the drone carrier. To achieve this goal, the path planning algorithm is utilized through the closed-loop direct optimal control approach to calculate the optimal time, which is defined as a cost function. In addition to the optimization techniques, the singular perturbation technique (SPT) and the Hamiltonian are used to solve and refine the optimal control problem (OCP). Finally, the numerical simulation results in both open and closed loop are presented and the performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated. |
8,299 | Please write an abstract with title: ShopLister – A Grocery List Management Application, and key words: Image processing, Prototypes, Maintenance engineering, Complexity theory, Task analysis, Smart phones, Robots. Abstract: Shopping for grocery is a very essential part of human lives activity performed regularly. However, it can be observed that people spend very little time to plan and manage their grocery lists as this task is often considered to be undervalued. People also tend to find grocery shopping complex and frustrating. The goal of this paper is to analyze the problems faced by people with creating and managing grocery lists and identifying the gap in current techniques used. It can be observed that human interaction with their smartphones is massive in this era, hence a mobile based solution which helps create and manage grocery lists can be very useful. A proposed solution prototype `Shop-Lister' is then discussed along with implementation and design methodologies, which is a mobile based application that enables people to create grocery lists, manage (add/delete/cross items) lists, find nearby supermarkets available, recommend items to added to list along with brand suggestions and also helps locate items within a supermarket through the use of augmented reality. This type of solution will help improve people's lifestyle and reduce the level of complexity faced in grocery list management. |
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