shivank21/arc_subset_mistral_ours · Datasets at Hugging Face

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Mercury_SC_407065	A student places a pan of water on the stove. What happens to some of the water as it is heated to a boil?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "It becomes a gas.", "It becomes a solid.", "It gets new atomic bonds.", "It gets destroyed." ] }	A	ARC-Easy	A student places a pan of water on the stove. What happens to some of the water as it is heated to a boil? Choices: A It becomes a gas. B It becomes a solid. C It gets new atomic bonds. D It gets destroyed.	A It becomes a gas.
CSZ30768	Which of the following elements is best able to combine with itself and hydrogen [H] to form large molecules?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "sodium [Na]", "lithium [Li]", "sulfur [S]", "carbon [C]" ] }	D	ARC-Easy	Which of the following elements is best able to combine with itself and hydrogen [H] to form large molecules? Choices: A sodium [Na] B lithium [Li] C sulfur [S] D carbon [C]	The element that is best able to combine with itself and hydrogen to form large molecules is carbon (C). Carbon atoms can bond with each other to form long chains and rings, while also bonding with hydrogen atoms to create organic compounds. Sodium, lithium, and sulfur are
Mercury_7211418	What type of cell passes on mutations?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "skin cell", "nerve cell", "red blood cell", "egg cell" ] }	D	ARC-Easy	What type of cell passes on mutations? Choices: A skin cell B nerve cell C red blood cell D egg cell	D egg cell
Mercury_SC_401803	What happens to colored sugar when it is added to water?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "The sugar reacts and colors the water.", "The sugar becomes white and the water changes color.", "The sugar evaporates and the water changes color.", "The sugar dissolves and colors the water." ] }	D	ARC-Easy	What happens to colored sugar when it is added to water? Choices: A The sugar reacts and colors the water. B The sugar becomes white and the water changes color. C The sugar evaporates and the water changes color. D The sugar dissolves and colors the water.	D The sugar dissolves and colors the water.
Mercury_7217980	What instrument should be used to monitor atmospheric pressure changes as a weather system approaches?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "psychrometer", "thermometer", "anemometer", "barometer" ] }	D	ARC-Easy	What instrument should be used to monitor atmospheric pressure changes as a weather system approaches? Choices: A psychrometer B thermometer C anemometer D barometer	D barometer
NYSEDREGENTS_2015_4_30	Which human activity will help conserve Earth's natural resources?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "leaving the television on all day", "recycling plastic bottles", "cutting down trees", "burning trash in the yard" ] }	B	ARC-Easy	Which human activity will help conserve Earth's natural resources? Choices: A leaving the television on all day B recycling plastic bottles C cutting down trees D burning trash in the yard	B recycling plastic bottles
Mercury_7015925	Which of these is most likely to create large areas of land subsidence?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "eruptions of volcanoes", "extraction of ground water", "global warming", "greenhouse effect" ] }	B	ARC-Easy	Which of these is most likely to create large areas of land subsidence? Choices: A eruptions of volcanoes B extraction of ground water C global warming D greenhouse effect	A eruptions of volcanoes are most likely to create large areas of land subsidence.
Mercury_7245578	According to the endosymbiotic theory, the outer membrane of the chloroplast originated from which organelle?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "the lysosome of an engulfed prokaryotic cell", "the chloroplast of an engulfed prokaryotic cell", "the cell membrane of an eukaryotic host cell", "the chloroplast of an eukaryotic host cell" ] }	C	ARC-Easy	According to the endosymbiotic theory, the outer membrane of the chloroplast originated from which organelle? Choices: A the lysosome of an engulfed prokaryotic cell B the chloroplast of an engulfed prokaryotic cell C the cell membrane of an eukaryotic host cell D the chloroplast of an eukaryotic host cell	B the chloroplast of an engulfed prokaryotic cell
Mercury_7212940	Two characteristics of the Nevada climate are low humidity and abundant sunshine. This combination of characteristics most likely results in	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "low altitude fog.", "rapid evaporation.", "high elevation snowfall.", "frequent thunderstorms." ] }	B	ARC-Easy	Two characteristics of the Nevada climate are low humidity and abundant sunshine. This combination of characteristics most likely results in Choices: A low altitude fog. B rapid evaporation. C high elevation snowfall. D frequent thunderstorms.	B rapid evaporation.
Mercury_7222670	Structures in the universe are grouped into large systems, each of which are made up of smaller systems. Which of the following is the largest system of which Earth is only a very small part?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "Jovian planets", "Halley's comet", "Milky Way galaxy", "Orion's belt" ] }	C	ARC-Easy	Structures in the universe are grouped into large systems, each of which are made up of smaller systems. Which of the following is the largest system of which Earth is only a very small part? Choices: A Jovian planets B Halley's comet C Milky Way galaxy D Orion's belt	C Milky Way galaxy
MCAS_2004_5_32	Energy appears in many forms. What form of energy is lightning?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "electrical energy", "mechanical energy", "magnetic energy", "sound energy" ] }	A	ARC-Easy	Energy appears in many forms. What form of energy is lightning? Choices: A electrical energy B mechanical energy C magnetic energy D sound energy	A electrical energy
Mercury_7043873	What happens to a moist air mass as it moves upward in the atmosphere?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "It becomes warmer and forms clouds.", "It becomes cooler and forms clouds.", "Its temperature remains the same.", "Its temperature varies greatly." ] }	B	ARC-Easy	What happens to a moist air mass as it moves upward in the atmosphere? Choices: A It becomes warmer and forms clouds. B It becomes cooler and forms clouds. C Its temperature remains the same. D Its temperature varies greatly.	A It becomes warmer and forms clouds.
Mercury_SC_LBS10680	What allows a light bulb to give off light?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "the current flowing through the wire to the light bulb", "the light bulb giving electrical energy to the battery", "the light bulb generating heat energy", "the battery pushing light through the wire" ] }	A	ARC-Easy	What allows a light bulb to give off light? Choices: A the current flowing through the wire to the light bulb B the light bulb giving electrical energy to the battery C the light bulb generating heat energy D the battery pushing light through the wire	A. The current flowing through the wire to the light bulb
NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_43	Which type of energy is transferred from one object to another by simple machines?	{ "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ], "text": [ "mechanical", "chemical", "nuclear", "electrical" ] }	1	ARC-Easy	Which type of energy is transferred from one object to another by simple machines? Choices: 1 mechanical 2 chemical 3 nuclear 4 electrical	1 mechanical
Mercury_177188	The smallest particle of matter that can be identified as an element is called	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "an atom.", "a proton.", "an electron.", "a molecule." ] }	A	ARC-Easy	The smallest particle of matter that can be identified as an element is called Choices: A an atom. B a proton. C an electron. D a molecule.	A an atom.
AKDE&ED_2008_8_38	Which tool, when properly used, would best help a student classify a basket of apples into groups based on mass?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "balance", "thermometer", "meter stick", "graduated cylinder" ] }	A	ARC-Easy	Which tool, when properly used, would best help a student classify a basket of apples into groups based on mass? Choices: A balance B thermometer C meter stick D graduated cylinder	A balance would be the best tool to properly classify a basket of apples into groups based on mass.
Mercury_7215478	Some dairy farmers want their cows to produce greater amounts of milk than average cows. Which process will help the dairy farmers develop cows with this trait?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "selective breeding", "behavioral modification", "ecological succession", "geographical isolation" ] }	A	ARC-Easy	Some dairy farmers want their cows to produce greater amounts of milk than average cows. Which process will help the dairy farmers develop cows with this trait? Choices: A selective breeding B behavioral modification C ecological succession D geographical isolation	A selective breeding
Mercury_7007683	Which parts of an atom are reactive during a chemical process?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "electrons", "protons", "neutrons", "molecules" ] }	A	ARC-Easy	Which parts of an atom are reactive during a chemical process? Choices: A electrons B protons C neutrons D molecules	A electrons
Mercury_7160528	Energy is absorbed and released through endothermic and exothermic processes. Which is an example of an exothermic process?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "ice melting", "ice sublimating", "water evaporating", "water freezing" ] }	D	ARC-Easy	Energy is absorbed and released through endothermic and exothermic processes. Which is an example of an exothermic process? Choices: A ice melting B ice sublimating C water evaporating D water freezing	A) ice melting
Mercury_7124355	Which characteristic would a scientist most likely maintain throughout an investigation?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "being open to new ideas", "sharing limited research", "focus on completing research first", "focus on formulating conclusions" ] }	A	ARC-Easy	Which characteristic would a scientist most likely maintain throughout an investigation? Choices: A being open to new ideas B sharing limited research C focus on completing research first D focus on formulating conclusions	A being open to new ideas
Mercury_7183523	The growing human population has many practices that adversely impact the environment. Acid rain is one example of environmental damage that is related to human activities. Which human activity is most likely the largest contributor to acid rain?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "burning fossil fuels in power plants", "using pesticides on agricultural crops", "dumping waste matter into ocean waters", "clearing native forests for industrialization" ] }	A	ARC-Easy	The growing human population has many practices that adversely impact the environment. Acid rain is one example of environmental damage that is related to human activities. Which human activity is most likely the largest contributor to acid rain? Choices: A burning fossil fuels in power plants B using pesticides on ag...	A burning fossil fuels in power plants
LEAP_2003_8_10393	The process of cellular respiration occurs in	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "both plant and animal cells.", "plant cells only.", "animal cells only.", "neither plant nor animal cells." ] }	A	ARC-Easy	The process of cellular respiration occurs in Choices: A both plant and animal cells. B plant cells only. C animal cells only. D neither plant nor animal cells.	C animal cells only.
NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_8	Humans are protected from some infections by specialized cells which produce chemicals that	{ "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ], "text": [ "destroy microbes", "recycle nutrients", "allow locomotion", "coordinate movement" ] }	1	ARC-Easy	Humans are protected from some infections by specialized cells which produce chemicals that Choices: 1 destroy microbes 2 recycle nutrients 3 allow locomotion 4 coordinate movement	1. destroy microbes
Mercury_7251003	Which information does a student need to differentiate between the speed and the velocity of a vehicle in motion?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "the rate of the motion", "the direction of the motion", "the change in the amount of motion", "the amount of distance traveled during motion" ] }	B	ARC-Easy	Which information does a student need to differentiate between the speed and the velocity of a vehicle in motion? Choices: A the rate of the motion B the direction of the motion C the change in the amount of motion D the amount of distance traveled during motion	A the rate of the motion
TIMSS_2007_8_pg130	Where is most fresh (non-salty) water on Earth located?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "oceans", "rivers", "lakes", "polar ice caps" ] }	D	ARC-Easy	Where is most fresh (non-salty) water on Earth located? Choices: A oceans B rivers C lakes D polar ice caps	B rivers
Mercury_SC_400526	The water cycle includes which processes?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "evaporation, condensation, precipitation", "metamorphosis, evaporation, respiration", "precipitation, perspiration, mitosis", "fixation, decomposition, respiration" ] }	A	ARC-Easy	The water cycle includes which processes? Choices: A evaporation, condensation, precipitation B metamorphosis, evaporation, respiration C precipitation, perspiration, mitosis D fixation, decomposition, respiration	A evaporation, condensation, precipitation
MEA_2014_5_15	Which type of organism is made of one cell?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "trees", "bacteria", "fern", "fish" ] }	B	ARC-Easy	Which type of organism is made of one cell? Choices: A trees B bacteria C fern D fish	Bacteria
MCAS_2011_8_17685	Human activity most likely contributes to which of the following changes on Earth?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "an increase in the length of a day", "a decrease in the number of volcanic eruptions", "a decrease in the magnitude of large earthquakes", "an increase in the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide" ] }	D	ARC-Easy	Human activity most likely contributes to which of the following changes on Earth? Choices: A an increase in the length of a day B a decrease in the number of volcanic eruptions C a decrease in the magnitude of large earthquakes D an increase in the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide	D an increase in the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide
NYSEDREGENTS_2008_8_26	Studies of earthquake waves have helped scientists determine the	{ "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ], "text": [ "structure of Earth's interior", "depth of the oceans", "cause of dinosaur extinction", "age of Earth" ] }	1	ARC-Easy	Studies of earthquake waves have helped scientists determine the Choices: 1 structure of Earth's interior 2 depth of the oceans 3 cause of dinosaur extinction 4 age of Earth	1. structure of Earth's interior
MEA_2016_8_19	In what unit of time does Earth orbit the Sun?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "day", "month", "year", "century" ] }	C	ARC-Easy	In what unit of time does Earth orbit the Sun? Choices: A day B month C year D century	C year
MEA_2014_5_3	What happens when a warm object is put inside a cooler object?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "The warm object loses energy and the cool object gains energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures.", "The warm object gains energy and the cool object loses energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures.", "The ...	C	ARC-Easy	What happens when a warm object is put inside a cooler object? Choices: A The warm object loses energy and the cool object gains energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures. B The warm object gains energy and the cool object loses energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures. C The warm ob...	A The warm object loses energy and the cool object gains energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures.
Mercury_7034895	One difference between a chemical formula and a chemical equation is that the chemical equation shows	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "abbreviations for each element.", "the number of atoms per element.", "what elements are in each molecule.", "the chemical reaction that takes place." ] }	D	ARC-Easy	One difference between a chemical formula and a chemical equation is that the chemical equation shows Choices: A abbreviations for each element. B the number of atoms per element. C what elements are in each molecule. D the chemical reaction that takes place.	D the chemical reaction that takes place.
MCAS_2004_8_35	Which of the following planets has the shortest orbit around the Sun?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "Earth", "Mars", "Mercury", "Venus" ] }	C	ARC-Easy	Which of the following planets has the shortest orbit around the Sun? Choices: A Earth B Mars C Mercury D Venus	C Mercury
Mercury_SC_406663	A student plans to write a report about a type of bird that includes only facts. Which statement should the student leave out of the report?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "These birds are blue.", "These birds are beautiful.", "Most of these birds are 13 cm tall.", "Most of these birds are about 10 grams." ] }	B	ARC-Easy	A student plans to write a report about a type of bird that includes only facts. Which statement should the student leave out of the report? Choices: A These birds are blue. B These birds are beautiful. C Most of these birds are 13 cm tall. D Most of these birds are about 10 grams.	B These birds are beautiful.
Mercury_7017885	The motion of atoms and molecules in a substance is	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "thermal energy.", "chemical energy.", "mechanical energy.", "electromagnetic energy." ] }	A	ARC-Easy	The motion of atoms and molecules in a substance is Choices: A thermal energy. B chemical energy. C mechanical energy. D electromagnetic energy.	B chemical energy.
Mercury_7072625	The human brain is an organ that is made up of many tissues. This information can be used to determine that the brain is	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "unicellular.", "multicellular.", "part of a bacterial colony.", "able to function independently." ] }	B	ARC-Easy	The human brain is an organ that is made up of many tissues. This information can be used to determine that the brain is Choices: A unicellular. B multicellular. C part of a bacterial colony. D able to function independently.	B multicellular.
Mercury_SC_400125	The shape of a riverbed changes over time as a result of which gradual process?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "erosion", "dissolving", "plate shifting", "compaction" ] }	A	ARC-Easy	The shape of a riverbed changes over time as a result of which gradual process? Choices: A erosion B dissolving C plate shifting D compaction	A erosion
Mercury_SC_406653	What is one function of tree roots?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "to absorb sunlight", "to absorb water", "to make seeds", "to make food" ] }	B	ARC-Easy	What is one function of tree roots? Choices: A to absorb sunlight B to absorb water C to make seeds D to make food	B to absorb water
Mercury_7217228	Which of the following will always produce a magnetic force on a nearby iron nail?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "a long piece of copper wire", "a large static electric charge", "an electric current", "an electric field" ] }	C	ARC-Easy	Which of the following will always produce a magnetic force on a nearby iron nail? Choices: A a long piece of copper wire B a large static electric charge C an electric current D an electric field	D an electric field
TIMSS_2003_8_pg18	One of the main causes of acid rain is	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "Waste from nuclear power plants", "Spills from chemical manufacturing plants", "Gases from burning fossil fuels", "Gases from aerosol spray cans" ] }	C	ARC-Easy	One of the main causes of acid rain is Choices: A Waste from nuclear power plants B Spills from chemical manufacturing plants C Gases from burning fossil fuels D Gases from aerosol spray cans	C Gases from burning fossil fuels
Mercury_7212503	Sir Isaac Newton stated that every object in the universe attracts matter. The attraction depends on the mass of an object and the distance between the objects. What type of force did Newton describe?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "centripetal force", "generalized force", "centrifugal force", "gravitational force" ] }	D	ARC-Easy	Sir Isaac Newton stated that every object in the universe attracts matter. The attraction depends on the mass of an object and the distance between the objects. What type of force did Newton describe? Choices: A centripetal force B generalized force C centrifugal force D gravitational force	D gravitational force
Mercury_7217875	Water vapor sometimes condenses into stratus clouds that are in contact with the ground. What forms as a result of this process?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "ozone", "methane", "fog", "smoke" ] }	C	ARC-Easy	Water vapor sometimes condenses into stratus clouds that are in contact with the ground. What forms as a result of this process? Choices: A ozone B methane C fog D smoke	C fog
Mercury_7210105	A student records the temperature in the schoolyard every day for a month. Which is the best way to present the temperature data so each day can be compared?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "summary paragraph", "labeled diagram", "pie chart", "bar graph" ] }	D	ARC-Easy	A student records the temperature in the schoolyard every day for a month. Which is the best way to present the temperature data so each day can be compared? Choices: A summary paragraph B labeled diagram C pie chart D bar graph	B labeled diagram
Mercury_SC_402074	When entire communities in an ecosystem change over time, it is known as	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "migration.", "extinction.", "overpopulation.", "ecological succession." ] }	D	ARC-Easy	When entire communities in an ecosystem change over time, it is known as Choices: A migration. B extinction. C overpopulation. D ecological succession.	D ecological succession.
Mercury_SC_LBS10344	How does the presence of organic matter contribute to good soil?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "It adds nutrients to the soil.", "It helps the soil to dry out.", "It keeps the soil cool.", "It destroys bacteria in the soil." ] }	A	ARC-Easy	How does the presence of organic matter contribute to good soil? Choices: A It adds nutrients to the soil. B It helps the soil to dry out. C It keeps the soil cool. D It destroys bacteria in the soil.	A It adds nutrients to the soil.
Mercury_7240923	Which statement describes the most likely effect of transformation on bacteria such as E. coli?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "Transformed bacteria express a new protein product.", "Transformed bacteria have multiple chromosomes.", "Transformed bacteria reproduce more quickly.", "Transformed bacteria become a new species." ] }	A	ARC-Easy	Which statement describes the most likely effect of transformation on bacteria such as E. coli? Choices: A Transformed bacteria express a new protein product. B Transformed bacteria have multiple chromosomes. C Transformed bacteria reproduce more quickly. D Transformed bacteria become a new species.	A Transformed bacteria express a new protein product.
Mercury_7221393	Which substance is composed of only one type of atom?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "water", "gold", "salt", "sugar" ] }	B	ARC-Easy	Which substance is composed of only one type of atom? Choices: A water B gold C salt D sugar	B gold
Mercury_SC_401264	The vertical axis on a graph is the y-axis. What is most likely placed along the y-axis?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "element symbols", "negative numbers", "dependent variables", "independent variables" ] }	C	ARC-Easy	The vertical axis on a graph is the y-axis. What is most likely placed along the y-axis? Choices: A element symbols B negative numbers C dependent variables D independent variables	C dependent variables
Mercury_7228200	Ribosomes present in a particular cell are smaller than those found in plants. In which taxonomic group or groups could the cell be classified?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "fungi only", "archaea only", "bacteria or archaea", "bacteria or fungi" ] }	C	ARC-Easy	Ribosomes present in a particular cell are smaller than those found in plants. In which taxonomic group or groups could the cell be classified? Choices: A fungi only B archaea only C bacteria or archaea D bacteria or fungi	C bacteria or archaea
Mercury_7077490	Which is needed to determine the amount of gravitational force between two objects?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "weight and time", "distance and mass", "volume and mass", "area and weight" ] }	B	ARC-Easy	Which is needed to determine the amount of gravitational force between two objects? Choices: A weight and time B distance and mass C volume and mass D area and weight	B distance and mass
Mercury_405777	What is the most important property architects must consider when selecting materials for the walls, ceilings, and floors for a new concert hall?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "thermal properties", "chemical properties", "electrical properties", "acoustical properties" ] }	D	ARC-Easy	What is the most important property architects must consider when selecting materials for the walls, ceilings, and floors for a new concert hall? Choices: A thermal properties B chemical properties C electrical properties D acoustical properties	D acoustical properties
Mercury_7198993	Gel electrophoresis is a technology which allows researchers to reliably separate and sort DNA fragments. This technology is most useful for which application?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "selective breeding", "medical gene repair", "genetic engineering", "cell metabolism analysis" ] }	C	ARC-Easy	Gel electrophoresis is a technology which allows researchers to reliably separate and sort DNA fragments. This technology is most useful for which application? Choices: A selective breeding B medical gene repair C genetic engineering D cell metabolism analysis	B medical gene repair
Mercury_7217718	In the 1970s, the pesticide DDT was used to kill insects that damaged fruit and vegetable crops. Most insects died from being exposed to DDT, but some survived. These surviving insects contributed to an increase in their population by	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "migrating to habitats that had different types of crops.", "learning how to avoid being exposed to DDT.", "passing the gene for DDT resistance to their offspring.", "competing with other types of insects for food." ] }	C	ARC-Easy	In the 1970s, the pesticide DDT was used to kill insects that damaged fruit and vegetable crops. Most insects died from being exposed to DDT, but some survived. These surviving insects contributed to an increase in their population by Choices: A migrating to habitats that had different types of crops. B learning how t...	C passing the gene for DDT resistance to their offspring.
Mercury_SC_401403	Animals and plants need oxygen to live. Oxygen is released in photosynthesis. Which cycle includes photosynthesis?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "the carbon cycle", "the nitrogen cycle", "the water cycle", "the rock cycle" ] }	A	ARC-Easy	Animals and plants need oxygen to live. Oxygen is released in photosynthesis. Which cycle includes photosynthesis? Choices: A the carbon cycle B the nitrogen cycle C the water cycle D the rock cycle	A the carbon cycle
Mercury_SC_415584	A class measures the time it takes for two different trucks to drive across the parking lot. How can they tell which truck is faster?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "The truck that starts moving first is faster.", "The truck that takes less time is faster.", "The truck that has bigger tires is faster.", "The truck that takes more time is faster." ] }	B	ARC-Easy	A class measures the time it takes for two different trucks to drive across the parking lot. How can they tell which truck is faster? Choices: A The truck that starts moving first is faster. B The truck that takes less time is faster. C The truck that has bigger tires is faster. D The truck that takes more time is fas...	B The truck that takes less time is faster.
Mercury_7267838	Which of the following is most necessary for life to develop on another planet?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "liquid water", "rocky surfaces", "warm soil", "atmospheric oxygen" ] }	A	ARC-Easy	Which of the following is most necessary for life to develop on another planet? Choices: A liquid water B rocky surfaces C warm soil D atmospheric oxygen	A liquid water is most necessary for life to develop on another planet.
Mercury_7004988	How are igneous and sedimentary rocks similar?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "They are both formed by erosion.", "They are both formed from cooled lava.", "Heat and pressure can turn them into lava.", "Heat and pressure can turn them into metamorphic rock." ] }	D	ARC-Easy	How are igneous and sedimentary rocks similar? Choices: A They are both formed by erosion. B They are both formed from cooled lava. C Heat and pressure can turn them into lava. D Heat and pressure can turn them into metamorphic rock.	B They are both formed from cooled lava.
Mercury_SC_402094	The area of a small ocean island is slowly shrinking. This is most likely the result of which occurrence?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "plant growth", "beach erosion", "dissolving rock", "falling water" ] }	B	ARC-Easy	The area of a small ocean island is slowly shrinking. This is most likely the result of which occurrence? Choices: A plant growth B beach erosion C dissolving rock D falling water	B beach erosion
MCAS_2004_5_22	An earthworm was placed on top of a thick layer of moist topsoil in a pan. The pan was placed in a room with the lights on. How did the earthworm most likely respond to these conditions?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "by burrowing under the soil", "by crawling around in the pan", "by staying where it was placed", "by trying to crawl out of the pan" ] }	A	ARC-Easy	An earthworm was placed on top of a thick layer of moist topsoil in a pan. The pan was placed in a room with the lights on. How did the earthworm most likely respond to these conditions? Choices: A by burrowing under the soil B by crawling around in the pan C by staying where it was placed D by trying to crawl out of ...	A by burrowing under the soil
MCAS_1998_4_7	7. What is the cause of most earthquakes?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "the rotation of Earth", "the direction of the wind", "the pull of Earth's gravity", "the movement of plates on Earth's crust" ] }	D	ARC-Easy	7. What is the cause of most earthquakes? Choices: A the rotation of Earth B the direction of the wind C the pull of Earth's gravity D the movement of plates on Earth's crust	D the movement of plates on Earth's crust
Mercury_7207183	Sandstone and all other types of sedimentary rock are made up of particles. The source materials of these particles consist of	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "fragments that broke off of older rocks.", "magma that cooled deep below a volcano.", "gases that condensed in the atmosphere.", "vegetation that decayed in thick layers." ] }	A	ARC-Easy	Sandstone and all other types of sedimentary rock are made up of particles. The source materials of these particles consist of Choices: A fragments that broke off of older rocks. B magma that cooled deep below a volcano. C gases that condensed in the atmosphere. D vegetation that decayed in thick layers.	A fragments that broke off of older rocks.
Mercury_7236495	Scientists theorize that the original atmosphere of Earth was stripped away by the solar wind shortly after the formation of the planet. The Jovian planets are far enough from the Sun that the solar wind has less of an impact. Studies of the Jovian planets suggest the early atmosphere of Earth was mainly composed of wh...	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "oxygen and argon", "hydrogen and helium", "carbon dioxide and nitrogen", "sulfur dioxide and water vapor" ] }	B	ARC-Easy	Scientists theorize that the original atmosphere of Earth was stripped away by the solar wind shortly after the formation of the planet. The Jovian planets are far enough from the Sun that the solar wind has less of an impact. Studies of the Jovian planets suggest the early atmosphere of Earth was mainly composed of wh...	B hydrogen and helium
Mercury_7223948	Which material has the least resistance to the flow of electricity?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "rubber", "aluminum", "granite", "wood" ] }	B	ARC-Easy	Which material has the least resistance to the flow of electricity? Choices: A rubber B aluminum C granite D wood	B aluminum
Mercury_191503	What is the primary function of white blood cells in humans?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "carry oxygen", "fight disease", "grow tissues", "remove waste" ] }	B	ARC-Easy	What is the primary function of white blood cells in humans? Choices: A carry oxygen B fight disease C grow tissues D remove waste	B fight disease
MCAS_2005_5_22	What happens to the path of a light ray as it passes from air into water at an angle?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "Its path widens.", "Its path bends.", "Its path becomes shorter.", "Its path continues in a straight line." ] }	B	ARC-Easy	What happens to the path of a light ray as it passes from air into water at an angle? Choices: A Its path widens. B Its path bends. C Its path becomes shorter. D Its path continues in a straight line.	B Its path bends.
Mercury_7263428	Which are replenished more quickly than they are used?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "energy resources", "material resources", "renewable resources", "nonrenewable resources" ] }	C	ARC-Easy	Which are replenished more quickly than they are used? Choices: A energy resources B material resources C renewable resources D nonrenewable resources	C renewable resources are replenished more quickly than they are used. Renewable resources are natural resources that can replenish themselves over time, such as solar energy, wind energy, and hydro energy. These resources can be used in a sustainable manner and do not deplete over time. In contrast, non
Mercury_7179865	The Hubble Space Telescope is a telescope that NASA launched into space in 1990. Scientists most likely prefer to use the Hubble Space Telescope instead of a land-based telescope because it provides better accuracy at	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "predicting solar eclipses.", "investigating faraway galaxies.", "investigating the size of Venus.", "predicting the phases of the Moon." ] }	B	ARC-Easy	The Hubble Space Telescope is a telescope that NASA launched into space in 1990. Scientists most likely prefer to use the Hubble Space Telescope instead of a land-based telescope because it provides better accuracy at Choices: A predicting solar eclipses. B investigating faraway galaxies. C investigating the size of V...	B investigating faraway galaxies.
Mercury_SC_400843	Which material is attracted to a magnet?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "iron", "wood", "plastic", "ice" ] }	A	ARC-Easy	Which material is attracted to a magnet? Choices: A iron B wood C plastic D ice	A iron
LEAP__7_10345	What is the main reason humans need nitrogen to survive?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "Nitrogen is used in respiration to generate energy.", "Nitrogen is used in making the proteins in the body.", "Nitrogen is used to help the body eliminate wastes.", "Nitrogen is used by nerve cells to conduct impulses." ] }	B	ARC-Easy	What is the main reason humans need nitrogen to survive? Choices: A Nitrogen is used in respiration to generate energy. B Nitrogen is used in making the proteins in the body. C Nitrogen is used to help the body eliminate wastes. D Nitrogen is used by nerve cells to conduct impulses.	B Nitrogen is used in making the proteins in the body.
VASoL_2010_3_20	Having dry, hot weather for a long time can cause a	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "drought", "thunderstorm", "tornado", "flood" ] }	A	ARC-Easy	Having dry, hot weather for a long time can cause a Choices: A drought B thunderstorm C tornado D flood	A drought
Mercury_7122850	After a star runs out of most of its hydrogen fuel, it becomes hotter and more luminous. What stage does this represent in the life cycle of a star?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "quasar", "protostar", "red giant", "white dwarf" ] }	C	ARC-Easy	After a star runs out of most of its hydrogen fuel, it becomes hotter and more luminous. What stage does this represent in the life cycle of a star? Choices: A quasar B protostar C red giant D white dwarf	C red giant
Mercury_7018498	Beakers and graduated cylinders are designed to measure	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "mass.", "density.", "volume.", "viscosity." ] }	C	ARC-Easy	Beakers and graduated cylinders are designed to measure Choices: A mass. B density. C volume. D viscosity.	C volume.
TIMSS_2003_8_pg99	Animals and plants are made up of a number of different chemical elements. What happens to all of these elements when animals and plants die?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "They die with the animal or plant.", "They evaporate into the atmosphere.", "They are recycled back into the environment.", "They change into different elements." ] }	C	ARC-Easy	Animals and plants are made up of a number of different chemical elements. What happens to all of these elements when animals and plants die? Choices: A They die with the animal or plant. B They evaporate into the atmosphere. C They are recycled back into the environment. D They change into different elements.	C They are recycled back into the environment.
Mercury_SC_LBS10177	Earthquakes are vibrations of Earth's crust. What device is used to measure the size of an earthquake?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "barometer", "Doppler radar", "depth scale", "seismograph" ] }	D	ARC-Easy	Earthquakes are vibrations of Earth's crust. What device is used to measure the size of an earthquake? Choices: A barometer B Doppler radar C depth scale D seismograph	D seismograph
AKDE&ED_2008_8_50	Which statement best describes how energy transfer within Earth's atmosphere can affect a weather condition?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "During radiation, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the air temperature.", "During radiation, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the air temperature.", "During convection, objects dir...	B	ARC-Easy	Which statement best describes how energy transfer within Earth's atmosphere can affect a weather condition? Choices: A During radiation, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the air temperature. B During radiation, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the air temper...	B During radiation, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the air temperature.
Mercury_7068705	Some plants need to be in an environment where water drains easily. Which type of soil content will best benefit these plants?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "sand", "shale", "clay", "silt" ] }	A	ARC-Easy	Some plants need to be in an environment where water drains easily. Which type of soil content will best benefit these plants? Choices: A sand B shale C clay D silt	The type of soil content that will best benefit plants that need to be in an environment where water drains easily is D silt. Silt is a soil texture class that is made up of very small particles, typically less than 0.05 millimeters in diameter. It is a good drainage soil
LEAP__4_10228	On a field trip in a wooded area, you see a small, strange object. You wonder whether it is a live animal. The best way to find out is to observe the object to see if it	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "has an odor.", "has separate parts.", "can make a noise and has a lifelike color.", "carries out basic life functions." ] }	D	ARC-Easy	On a field trip in a wooded area, you see a small, strange object. You wonder whether it is a live animal. The best way to find out is to observe the object to see if it Choices: A has an odor. B has separate parts. C can make a noise and has a lifelike color. D carries out basic life functions.	To find out whether the object is a live animal, observing it and looking for signs of life is the best way. It is possible that the object may have an odor, but this is not a definitive sign that it is alive. An object that is dead can also emit an odor
Mercury_SC_405881	Recycling is important to the environment because it	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "is a good way to earn money.", "produces more carbon dioxide for plants.", "decreases the amount of natural resources.", "is a way of conserving nonrenewable resources." ] }	D	ARC-Easy	Recycling is important to the environment because it Choices: A is a good way to earn money. B produces more carbon dioxide for plants. C decreases the amount of natural resources. D is a way of conserving nonrenewable resources.	D is a way of conserving nonrenewable resources.
Mercury_7141785	Which calculation is used to determine acceleration?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "divide change in velocity by change in time", "multiply average velocity by change in time", "divide average velocity by mass", "multiply change in velocity by distance traveled" ] }	A	ARC-Easy	Which calculation is used to determine acceleration? Choices: A divide change in velocity by change in time B multiply average velocity by change in time C divide average velocity by mass D multiply change in velocity by distance traveled	A: Divide change in velocity by change in time is the calculation used to determine acceleration.
MCAS_2009_5_6511	A student hears the sound of a bell. Which of the following carries the sound of the bell to the student?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "electrical currents", "magnetic signals", "radio waves", "vibrating air" ] }	D	ARC-Easy	A student hears the sound of a bell. Which of the following carries the sound of the bell to the student? Choices: A electrical currents B magnetic signals C radio waves D vibrating air	D vibrating air
Mercury_416374	Which surgery is most like the way a transgenic organism is made?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "Adelle receives an artificial hip to ease her arthritis.", "Kwan receives a pacemaker to regulate his heartbeat.", "Hector receives a replacement heart valve from a cow.", "Denise receives a kidney donated by her identical twin." ] }	C	ARC-Easy	Which surgery is most like the way a transgenic organism is made? Choices: A Adelle receives an artificial hip to ease her arthritis. B Kwan receives a pacemaker to regulate his heartbeat. C Hector receives a replacement heart valve from a cow. D Denise receives a kidney donated by her identical twin.	D Denise receives a kidney donated by her identical twin. This type of surgery is most similar to the way a transgenic organism is made, as it involves the transfer of a functional organ from one individual to another, often with the genetic material being identical. In this case, Denise is receiving
Mercury_7163328	In a forest ecosystem, the squirrels eat seeds from trees. The squirrels are then eaten by hawks, owls, and foxes. If there were no more owls present in this ecosystem, which would most likely happen in the forest?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "The squirrel population would increase.", "The hawk population would decrease.", "The fox population would decrease.", "The tree population would increase." ] }	A	ARC-Easy	In a forest ecosystem, the squirrels eat seeds from trees. The squirrels are then eaten by hawks, owls, and foxes. If there were no more owls present in this ecosystem, which would most likely happen in the forest? Choices: A The squirrel population would increase. B The hawk population would decrease. C The fox popul...	B The hawk population would decrease. If there were no more owls present in the ecosystem, the hawk population would most likely decrease. Hawks are apex predators that feed on both squirrels and owls. With owls out of the picture, the h
Mercury_SC_LBS10390	A cold-blooded vertebrate with smooth skin belongs to what class of animals?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "reptile", "fish", "amphibian", "mammal" ] }	C	ARC-Easy	A cold-blooded vertebrate with smooth skin belongs to what class of animals? Choices: A reptile B fish C amphibian D mammal	A reptile
ACTAAP_2013_7_13	Xylem cells have very thick walls. They make up most of a tree trunk and its branches. What system in vertebrates provides the same function as the xylem cells in a tree?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "the skeletal system", "the endocrine system", "the respiratory system", "the integumentary system" ] }	A	ARC-Easy	Xylem cells have very thick walls. They make up most of a tree trunk and its branches. What system in vertebrates provides the same function as the xylem cells in a tree? Choices: A the skeletal system B the endocrine system C the respiratory system D the integumentary system	A the skeletal system
NYSEDREGENTS_2012_4_17	Which characteristic helps some animals defend themselves against predators?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "strong odor", "poor hearing", "weak eyesight", "shivering" ] }	A	ARC-Easy	Which characteristic helps some animals defend themselves against predators? Choices: A strong odor B poor hearing C weak eyesight D shivering	A strong odor
Mercury_7239138	The complex, three-dimensional structure of a protein is sensitive to heat because the structure is maintained by	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "hydrogen bonds.", "covalent bonds.", "Brownian motion.", "magnetic fields." ] }	A	ARC-Easy	The complex, three-dimensional structure of a protein is sensitive to heat because the structure is maintained by Choices: A hydrogen bonds. B covalent bonds. C Brownian motion. D magnetic fields.	A hydrogen bonds.
TIMSS_2003_8_pg19	When chlorine gas reacts with sodium metal, what type of substance is formed?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D", "E" ], "text": [ "A mixture", "A compound", "An element", "An alloy", "A solution" ] }	B	ARC-Easy	When chlorine gas reacts with sodium metal, what type of substance is formed? Choices: A A mixture B A compound C An element D An alloy E A solution	B) A compound
NCEOGA_2013_5_24	After a rain, a puddle of water remains on a sidewalk. After a day of sunshine, the puddle is gone. Which process is most responsible for the disappearance of the puddle?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "precipitation", "transpiration", "evaporation", "condensation" ] }	C	ARC-Easy	After a rain, a puddle of water remains on a sidewalk. After a day of sunshine, the puddle is gone. Which process is most responsible for the disappearance of the puddle? Choices: A precipitation B transpiration C evaporation D condensation	C evaporation
MCAS_2004_5_8	When an electric fan is running, most of the incoming electrical energy changes into which kind of energy?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "heat energy", "light energy", "mechanical energy", "sound energy" ] }	C	ARC-Easy	When an electric fan is running, most of the incoming electrical energy changes into which kind of energy? Choices: A heat energy B light energy C mechanical energy D sound energy	C mechanical energy
Mercury_7168350	Cells need nutrients for energy. Which system is responsible for breaking down food to provide cellular energy?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "digestive", "excretory", "circulatory", "respiratory" ] }	A	ARC-Easy	Cells need nutrients for energy. Which system is responsible for breaking down food to provide cellular energy? Choices: A digestive B excretory C circulatory D respiratory	D respiratory
Mercury_SC_LBS10579	Scientists today understand how forces work due to Isaac Newton's study of	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "electricity.", "magnetism.", "atoms.", "gravity." ] }	D	ARC-Easy	Scientists today understand how forces work due to Isaac Newton's study of Choices: A electricity. B magnetism. C atoms. D gravity.	D gravity.
Mercury_7223090	A student uses clay to construct a model of Earth. Which layer of the model should be the thinnest layer?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "the layer representing the mantle", "the layer representing the outer core", "the layer representing the inner core", "the layer representing the crust" ] }	D	ARC-Easy	A student uses clay to construct a model of Earth. Which layer of the model should be the thinnest layer? Choices: A the layer representing the mantle B the layer representing the outer core C the layer representing the inner core D the layer representing the crust	D the layer representing the crust
CSZ_2005_5_CSZ10247	Which of the following is broken down in the body to release energy?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "sugar.", "water.", "salt.", "oxygen." ] }	A	ARC-Easy	Which of the following is broken down in the body to release energy? Choices: A sugar. B water. C salt. D oxygen.	A sugar.
NYSEDREGENTS_2015_8_5	Which process is responsible for the growth and repair of human tissue?	{ "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ], "text": [ "evolution", "germination", "cell division", "natural selection" ] }	3	ARC-Easy	Which process is responsible for the growth and repair of human tissue? Choices: 1 evolution 2 germination 3 cell division 4 natural selection	3 cell division
Mercury_7179340	Coal, oil, and natural gas have high potential energies, which makes them valuable energy resources. In order to benefit from the energy available in these fossil fuels, the potential energy is converted most directly into which type of energy?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "chemical", "electrical", "solar", "thermal" ] }	D	ARC-Easy	Coal, oil, and natural gas have high potential energies, which makes them valuable energy resources. In order to benefit from the energy available in these fossil fuels, the potential energy is converted most directly into which type of energy? Choices: A chemical B electrical C solar D thermal	D thermal
Mercury_7057243	A student mixes salt and water in a beaker to form a solution. What properties of the substances would allow the student to then separate the components?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "densities", "particle sizes", "boiling points", "electrical conductivity" ] }	C	ARC-Easy	A student mixes salt and water in a beaker to form a solution. What properties of the substances would allow the student to then separate the components? Choices: A densities B particle sizes C boiling points D electrical conductivity	A densities
TIMSS_2007_8_pg77	Which of the following is caused by a virus?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "ulcer", "malaria", "tuberculosis", "influenza" ] }	D	ARC-Easy	Which of the following is caused by a virus? Choices: A ulcer B malaria C tuberculosis D influenza	D influenza
NAEP_2009_4_S7+6	A thermometer shows that the outside air temperature is colder than the temperature at which water turns to ice. However, ice on the sidewalk melts. What probably caused this?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "The air heating the sidewalk", "The sidewalk reflecting sunlight into the air", "The wind causing the ice on the sidewalk to melt", "The sunlight making the sidewalk warmer than the air" ] }	D	ARC-Easy	A thermometer shows that the outside air temperature is colder than the temperature at which water turns to ice. However, ice on the sidewalk melts. What probably caused this? Choices: A The air heating the sidewalk B The sidewalk reflecting sunlight into the air C The wind causing the ice on the sidewalk to melt D Th...	C The wind causing the ice on the sidewalk to melt
TIMSS_2011_8_pg25	Twins are born. One is a boy and one is a girl. Which statement is correct about their genetic makeup?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the father only.", "The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the mother only.", "The boy and girl inherit genetic material from both parents.", "The boy inherits genetic material from...	C	ARC-Easy	Twins are born. One is a boy and one is a girl. Which statement is correct about their genetic makeup? Choices: A The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the father only. B The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the mother only. C The boy and girl inherit genetic material from both parents. D The boy in...	C The boy and girl inherit genetic material from both parents.
TIMSS_1995_8_I14	When you bend your arm at the elbow, the bones and muscles in your arm are acting as a system. What simple machine does this system represent?	{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "Inclined plane", "Pulley", "Wedge", "Lever" ] }	D	ARC-Easy	When you bend your arm at the elbow, the bones and muscles in your arm are acting as a system. What simple machine does this system represent? Choices: A Inclined plane B Pulley C Wedge D Lever	D Lever

Mercury_SC_407065

A student places a pan of water on the stove. What happens to some of the water as it is heated to a boil?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "It becomes a gas.", "It becomes a solid.", "It gets new atomic bonds.", "It gets destroyed." ] }

A

ARC-Easy

A student places a pan of water on the stove. What happens to some of the water as it is heated to a boil? Choices: A It becomes a gas. B It becomes a solid. C It gets new atomic bonds. D It gets destroyed.

A It becomes a gas.

CSZ30768

Which of the following elements is best able to combine with itself and hydrogen [H] to form large molecules?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "sodium [Na]", "lithium [Li]", "sulfur [S]", "carbon [C]" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

Which of the following elements is best able to combine with itself and hydrogen [H] to form large molecules? Choices: A sodium [Na] B lithium [Li] C sulfur [S] D carbon [C]

The element that is best able to combine with itself and hydrogen to form large molecules is carbon (C). Carbon atoms can bond with each other to form long chains and rings, while also bonding with hydrogen atoms to create organic compounds. Sodium, lithium, and sulfur are

Mercury_7211418

What type of cell passes on mutations?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "skin cell", "nerve cell", "red blood cell", "egg cell" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

What type of cell passes on mutations? Choices: A skin cell B nerve cell C red blood cell D egg cell

D egg cell

Mercury_SC_401803

What happens to colored sugar when it is added to water?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "The sugar reacts and colors the water.", "The sugar becomes white and the water changes color.", "The sugar evaporates and the water changes color.", "The sugar dissolves and colors the water." ] }

D

ARC-Easy

What happens to colored sugar when it is added to water? Choices: A The sugar reacts and colors the water. B The sugar becomes white and the water changes color. C The sugar evaporates and the water changes color. D The sugar dissolves and colors the water.

D The sugar dissolves and colors the water.

Mercury_7217980

What instrument should be used to monitor atmospheric pressure changes as a weather system approaches?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "psychrometer", "thermometer", "anemometer", "barometer" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

What instrument should be used to monitor atmospheric pressure changes as a weather system approaches? Choices: A psychrometer B thermometer C anemometer D barometer

D barometer

NYSEDREGENTS_2015_4_30

Which human activity will help conserve Earth's natural resources?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "leaving the television on all day", "recycling plastic bottles", "cutting down trees", "burning trash in the yard" ] }

B

ARC-Easy

Which human activity will help conserve Earth's natural resources? Choices: A leaving the television on all day B recycling plastic bottles C cutting down trees D burning trash in the yard

B recycling plastic bottles

Mercury_7015925

Which of these is most likely to create large areas of land subsidence?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "eruptions of volcanoes", "extraction of ground water", "global warming", "greenhouse effect" ] }

B

ARC-Easy

Which of these is most likely to create large areas of land subsidence? Choices: A eruptions of volcanoes B extraction of ground water C global warming D greenhouse effect

A eruptions of volcanoes are most likely to create large areas of land subsidence.

Mercury_7245578

According to the endosymbiotic theory, the outer membrane of the chloroplast originated from which organelle?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "the lysosome of an engulfed prokaryotic cell", "the chloroplast of an engulfed prokaryotic cell", "the cell membrane of an eukaryotic host cell", "the chloroplast of an eukaryotic host cell" ] }

C

ARC-Easy

According to the endosymbiotic theory, the outer membrane of the chloroplast originated from which organelle? Choices: A the lysosome of an engulfed prokaryotic cell B the chloroplast of an engulfed prokaryotic cell C the cell membrane of an eukaryotic host cell D the chloroplast of an eukaryotic host cell

B the chloroplast of an engulfed prokaryotic cell

Mercury_7212940

Two characteristics of the Nevada climate are low humidity and abundant sunshine. This combination of characteristics most likely results in

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "low altitude fog.", "rapid evaporation.", "high elevation snowfall.", "frequent thunderstorms." ] }

B

ARC-Easy

Two characteristics of the Nevada climate are low humidity and abundant sunshine. This combination of characteristics most likely results in Choices: A low altitude fog. B rapid evaporation. C high elevation snowfall. D frequent thunderstorms.

B rapid evaporation.

Mercury_7222670

Structures in the universe are grouped into large systems, each of which are made up of smaller systems. Which of the following is the largest system of which Earth is only a very small part?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "Jovian planets", "Halley's comet", "Milky Way galaxy", "Orion's belt" ] }

C

ARC-Easy

Structures in the universe are grouped into large systems, each of which are made up of smaller systems. Which of the following is the largest system of which Earth is only a very small part? Choices: A Jovian planets B Halley's comet C Milky Way galaxy D Orion's belt

C Milky Way galaxy

MCAS_2004_5_32

Energy appears in many forms. What form of energy is lightning?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "electrical energy", "mechanical energy", "magnetic energy", "sound energy" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

Energy appears in many forms. What form of energy is lightning? Choices: A electrical energy B mechanical energy C magnetic energy D sound energy

A electrical energy

Mercury_7043873

What happens to a moist air mass as it moves upward in the atmosphere?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "It becomes warmer and forms clouds.", "It becomes cooler and forms clouds.", "Its temperature remains the same.", "Its temperature varies greatly." ] }

B

ARC-Easy

What happens to a moist air mass as it moves upward in the atmosphere? Choices: A It becomes warmer and forms clouds. B It becomes cooler and forms clouds. C Its temperature remains the same. D Its temperature varies greatly.

A It becomes warmer and forms clouds.

Mercury_SC_LBS10680

What allows a light bulb to give off light?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "the current flowing through the wire to the light bulb", "the light bulb giving electrical energy to the battery", "the light bulb generating heat energy", "the battery pushing light through the wire" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

What allows a light bulb to give off light? Choices: A the current flowing through the wire to the light bulb B the light bulb giving electrical energy to the battery C the light bulb generating heat energy D the battery pushing light through the wire

A. The current flowing through the wire to the light bulb

NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_43

Which type of energy is transferred from one object to another by simple machines?

{ "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ], "text": [ "mechanical", "chemical", "nuclear", "electrical" ] }

1

ARC-Easy

Which type of energy is transferred from one object to another by simple machines? Choices: 1 mechanical 2 chemical 3 nuclear 4 electrical

1 mechanical

Mercury_177188

The smallest particle of matter that can be identified as an element is called

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "an atom.", "a proton.", "an electron.", "a molecule." ] }

A

ARC-Easy

The smallest particle of matter that can be identified as an element is called Choices: A an atom. B a proton. C an electron. D a molecule.

A an atom.

AKDE&ED_2008_8_38

Which tool, when properly used, would best help a student classify a basket of apples into groups based on mass?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "balance", "thermometer", "meter stick", "graduated cylinder" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

Which tool, when properly used, would best help a student classify a basket of apples into groups based on mass? Choices: A balance B thermometer C meter stick D graduated cylinder

A balance would be the best tool to properly classify a basket of apples into groups based on mass.

Mercury_7215478

Some dairy farmers want their cows to produce greater amounts of milk than average cows. Which process will help the dairy farmers develop cows with this trait?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "selective breeding", "behavioral modification", "ecological succession", "geographical isolation" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

Some dairy farmers want their cows to produce greater amounts of milk than average cows. Which process will help the dairy farmers develop cows with this trait? Choices: A selective breeding B behavioral modification C ecological succession D geographical isolation

A selective breeding

Mercury_7007683

Which parts of an atom are reactive during a chemical process?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "electrons", "protons", "neutrons", "molecules" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

Which parts of an atom are reactive during a chemical process? Choices: A electrons B protons C neutrons D molecules

A electrons

Mercury_7160528

Energy is absorbed and released through endothermic and exothermic processes. Which is an example of an exothermic process?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "ice melting", "ice sublimating", "water evaporating", "water freezing" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

Energy is absorbed and released through endothermic and exothermic processes. Which is an example of an exothermic process? Choices: A ice melting B ice sublimating C water evaporating D water freezing

A) ice melting

Mercury_7124355

Which characteristic would a scientist most likely maintain throughout an investigation?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "being open to new ideas", "sharing limited research", "focus on completing research first", "focus on formulating conclusions" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

Which characteristic would a scientist most likely maintain throughout an investigation? Choices: A being open to new ideas B sharing limited research C focus on completing research first D focus on formulating conclusions

A being open to new ideas

Mercury_7183523

The growing human population has many practices that adversely impact the environment. Acid rain is one example of environmental damage that is related to human activities. Which human activity is most likely the largest contributor to acid rain?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "burning fossil fuels in power plants", "using pesticides on agricultural crops", "dumping waste matter into ocean waters", "clearing native forests for industrialization" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

The growing human population has many practices that adversely impact the environment. Acid rain is one example of environmental damage that is related to human activities. Which human activity is most likely the largest contributor to acid rain? Choices: A burning fossil fuels in power plants B using pesticides on ag...

A burning fossil fuels in power plants

LEAP_2003_8_10393

The process of cellular respiration occurs in

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "both plant and animal cells.", "plant cells only.", "animal cells only.", "neither plant nor animal cells." ] }

A

ARC-Easy

The process of cellular respiration occurs in Choices: A both plant and animal cells. B plant cells only. C animal cells only. D neither plant nor animal cells.

C animal cells only.

NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_8

Humans are protected from some infections by specialized cells which produce chemicals that

{ "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ], "text": [ "destroy microbes", "recycle nutrients", "allow locomotion", "coordinate movement" ] }

1

ARC-Easy

Humans are protected from some infections by specialized cells which produce chemicals that Choices: 1 destroy microbes 2 recycle nutrients 3 allow locomotion 4 coordinate movement

1. destroy microbes

Mercury_7251003

Which information does a student need to differentiate between the speed and the velocity of a vehicle in motion?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "the rate of the motion", "the direction of the motion", "the change in the amount of motion", "the amount of distance traveled during motion" ] }

B

ARC-Easy

Which information does a student need to differentiate between the speed and the velocity of a vehicle in motion? Choices: A the rate of the motion B the direction of the motion C the change in the amount of motion D the amount of distance traveled during motion

A the rate of the motion

TIMSS_2007_8_pg130

Where is most fresh (non-salty) water on Earth located?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "oceans", "rivers", "lakes", "polar ice caps" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

Where is most fresh (non-salty) water on Earth located? Choices: A oceans B rivers C lakes D polar ice caps

B rivers

Mercury_SC_400526

The water cycle includes which processes?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "evaporation, condensation, precipitation", "metamorphosis, evaporation, respiration", "precipitation, perspiration, mitosis", "fixation, decomposition, respiration" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

The water cycle includes which processes? Choices: A evaporation, condensation, precipitation B metamorphosis, evaporation, respiration C precipitation, perspiration, mitosis D fixation, decomposition, respiration

A evaporation, condensation, precipitation

MEA_2014_5_15

Which type of organism is made of one cell?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "trees", "bacteria", "fern", "fish" ] }

B

ARC-Easy

Which type of organism is made of one cell? Choices: A trees B bacteria C fern D fish

Bacteria

MCAS_2011_8_17685

Human activity most likely contributes to which of the following changes on Earth?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "an increase in the length of a day", "a decrease in the number of volcanic eruptions", "a decrease in the magnitude of large earthquakes", "an increase in the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

Human activity most likely contributes to which of the following changes on Earth? Choices: A an increase in the length of a day B a decrease in the number of volcanic eruptions C a decrease in the magnitude of large earthquakes D an increase in the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide

D an increase in the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide

NYSEDREGENTS_2008_8_26

Studies of earthquake waves have helped scientists determine the

{ "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ], "text": [ "structure of Earth's interior", "depth of the oceans", "cause of dinosaur extinction", "age of Earth" ] }

1

ARC-Easy

Studies of earthquake waves have helped scientists determine the Choices: 1 structure of Earth's interior 2 depth of the oceans 3 cause of dinosaur extinction 4 age of Earth

1. structure of Earth's interior

MEA_2016_8_19

In what unit of time does Earth orbit the Sun?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "day", "month", "year", "century" ] }

C

ARC-Easy

In what unit of time does Earth orbit the Sun? Choices: A day B month C year D century

C year

MEA_2014_5_3

What happens when a warm object is put inside a cooler object?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "The warm object loses energy and the cool object gains energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures.", "The warm object gains energy and the cool object loses energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures.", "The ...

C

ARC-Easy

What happens when a warm object is put inside a cooler object? Choices: A The warm object loses energy and the cool object gains energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures. B The warm object gains energy and the cool object loses energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures. C The warm ob...

A The warm object loses energy and the cool object gains energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures.

Mercury_7034895

One difference between a chemical formula and a chemical equation is that the chemical equation shows

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "abbreviations for each element.", "the number of atoms per element.", "what elements are in each molecule.", "the chemical reaction that takes place." ] }

D

ARC-Easy

One difference between a chemical formula and a chemical equation is that the chemical equation shows Choices: A abbreviations for each element. B the number of atoms per element. C what elements are in each molecule. D the chemical reaction that takes place.

D the chemical reaction that takes place.

MCAS_2004_8_35

Which of the following planets has the shortest orbit around the Sun?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "Earth", "Mars", "Mercury", "Venus" ] }

C

ARC-Easy

Which of the following planets has the shortest orbit around the Sun? Choices: A Earth B Mars C Mercury D Venus

C Mercury

Mercury_SC_406663

A student plans to write a report about a type of bird that includes only facts. Which statement should the student leave out of the report?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "These birds are blue.", "These birds are beautiful.", "Most of these birds are 13 cm tall.", "Most of these birds are about 10 grams." ] }

B

ARC-Easy

A student plans to write a report about a type of bird that includes only facts. Which statement should the student leave out of the report? Choices: A These birds are blue. B These birds are beautiful. C Most of these birds are 13 cm tall. D Most of these birds are about 10 grams.

B These birds are beautiful.

Mercury_7017885

The motion of atoms and molecules in a substance is

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "thermal energy.", "chemical energy.", "mechanical energy.", "electromagnetic energy." ] }

A

ARC-Easy

The motion of atoms and molecules in a substance is Choices: A thermal energy. B chemical energy. C mechanical energy. D electromagnetic energy.

B chemical energy.

Mercury_7072625

The human brain is an organ that is made up of many tissues. This information can be used to determine that the brain is

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "unicellular.", "multicellular.", "part of a bacterial colony.", "able to function independently." ] }

B

ARC-Easy

The human brain is an organ that is made up of many tissues. This information can be used to determine that the brain is Choices: A unicellular. B multicellular. C part of a bacterial colony. D able to function independently.

B multicellular.

Mercury_SC_400125

The shape of a riverbed changes over time as a result of which gradual process?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "erosion", "dissolving", "plate shifting", "compaction" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

The shape of a riverbed changes over time as a result of which gradual process? Choices: A erosion B dissolving C plate shifting D compaction

A erosion

Mercury_SC_406653

What is one function of tree roots?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "to absorb sunlight", "to absorb water", "to make seeds", "to make food" ] }

B

ARC-Easy

What is one function of tree roots? Choices: A to absorb sunlight B to absorb water C to make seeds D to make food

B to absorb water

Mercury_7217228

Which of the following will always produce a magnetic force on a nearby iron nail?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "a long piece of copper wire", "a large static electric charge", "an electric current", "an electric field" ] }

C

ARC-Easy

Which of the following will always produce a magnetic force on a nearby iron nail? Choices: A a long piece of copper wire B a large static electric charge C an electric current D an electric field

D an electric field

TIMSS_2003_8_pg18

One of the main causes of acid rain is

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "Waste from nuclear power plants", "Spills from chemical manufacturing plants", "Gases from burning fossil fuels", "Gases from aerosol spray cans" ] }

C

ARC-Easy

One of the main causes of acid rain is Choices: A Waste from nuclear power plants B Spills from chemical manufacturing plants C Gases from burning fossil fuels D Gases from aerosol spray cans

C Gases from burning fossil fuels

Mercury_7212503

Sir Isaac Newton stated that every object in the universe attracts matter. The attraction depends on the mass of an object and the distance between the objects. What type of force did Newton describe?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "centripetal force", "generalized force", "centrifugal force", "gravitational force" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

Sir Isaac Newton stated that every object in the universe attracts matter. The attraction depends on the mass of an object and the distance between the objects. What type of force did Newton describe? Choices: A centripetal force B generalized force C centrifugal force D gravitational force

D gravitational force

Mercury_7217875

Water vapor sometimes condenses into stratus clouds that are in contact with the ground. What forms as a result of this process?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "ozone", "methane", "fog", "smoke" ] }

C

ARC-Easy

Water vapor sometimes condenses into stratus clouds that are in contact with the ground. What forms as a result of this process? Choices: A ozone B methane C fog D smoke

C fog

Mercury_7210105

A student records the temperature in the schoolyard every day for a month. Which is the best way to present the temperature data so each day can be compared?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "summary paragraph", "labeled diagram", "pie chart", "bar graph" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

A student records the temperature in the schoolyard every day for a month. Which is the best way to present the temperature data so each day can be compared? Choices: A summary paragraph B labeled diagram C pie chart D bar graph

B labeled diagram

Mercury_SC_402074

When entire communities in an ecosystem change over time, it is known as

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "migration.", "extinction.", "overpopulation.", "ecological succession." ] }

D

ARC-Easy

When entire communities in an ecosystem change over time, it is known as Choices: A migration. B extinction. C overpopulation. D ecological succession.

D ecological succession.

Mercury_SC_LBS10344

How does the presence of organic matter contribute to good soil?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "It adds nutrients to the soil.", "It helps the soil to dry out.", "It keeps the soil cool.", "It destroys bacteria in the soil." ] }

A

ARC-Easy

How does the presence of organic matter contribute to good soil? Choices: A It adds nutrients to the soil. B It helps the soil to dry out. C It keeps the soil cool. D It destroys bacteria in the soil.

A It adds nutrients to the soil.

Mercury_7240923

Which statement describes the most likely effect of transformation on bacteria such as E. coli?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "Transformed bacteria express a new protein product.", "Transformed bacteria have multiple chromosomes.", "Transformed bacteria reproduce more quickly.", "Transformed bacteria become a new species." ] }

A

ARC-Easy

Which statement describes the most likely effect of transformation on bacteria such as E. coli? Choices: A Transformed bacteria express a new protein product. B Transformed bacteria have multiple chromosomes. C Transformed bacteria reproduce more quickly. D Transformed bacteria become a new species.

A Transformed bacteria express a new protein product.

Mercury_7221393

Which substance is composed of only one type of atom?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "water", "gold", "salt", "sugar" ] }

B

ARC-Easy

Which substance is composed of only one type of atom? Choices: A water B gold C salt D sugar

B gold

Mercury_SC_401264

The vertical axis on a graph is the y-axis. What is most likely placed along the y-axis?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "element symbols", "negative numbers", "dependent variables", "independent variables" ] }

C

ARC-Easy

The vertical axis on a graph is the y-axis. What is most likely placed along the y-axis? Choices: A element symbols B negative numbers C dependent variables D independent variables

C dependent variables

Mercury_7228200

Ribosomes present in a particular cell are smaller than those found in plants. In which taxonomic group or groups could the cell be classified?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "fungi only", "archaea only", "bacteria or archaea", "bacteria or fungi" ] }

C

ARC-Easy

Ribosomes present in a particular cell are smaller than those found in plants. In which taxonomic group or groups could the cell be classified? Choices: A fungi only B archaea only C bacteria or archaea D bacteria or fungi

C bacteria or archaea

Mercury_7077490

Which is needed to determine the amount of gravitational force between two objects?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "weight and time", "distance and mass", "volume and mass", "area and weight" ] }

B

ARC-Easy

Which is needed to determine the amount of gravitational force between two objects? Choices: A weight and time B distance and mass C volume and mass D area and weight

B distance and mass

Mercury_405777

What is the most important property architects must consider when selecting materials for the walls, ceilings, and floors for a new concert hall?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "thermal properties", "chemical properties", "electrical properties", "acoustical properties" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

What is the most important property architects must consider when selecting materials for the walls, ceilings, and floors for a new concert hall? Choices: A thermal properties B chemical properties C electrical properties D acoustical properties

D acoustical properties

Mercury_7198993

Gel electrophoresis is a technology which allows researchers to reliably separate and sort DNA fragments. This technology is most useful for which application?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "selective breeding", "medical gene repair", "genetic engineering", "cell metabolism analysis" ] }

C

ARC-Easy

Gel electrophoresis is a technology which allows researchers to reliably separate and sort DNA fragments. This technology is most useful for which application? Choices: A selective breeding B medical gene repair C genetic engineering D cell metabolism analysis

B medical gene repair

Mercury_7217718

In the 1970s, the pesticide DDT was used to kill insects that damaged fruit and vegetable crops. Most insects died from being exposed to DDT, but some survived. These surviving insects contributed to an increase in their population by

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "migrating to habitats that had different types of crops.", "learning how to avoid being exposed to DDT.", "passing the gene for DDT resistance to their offspring.", "competing with other types of insects for food." ] }

C

ARC-Easy

In the 1970s, the pesticide DDT was used to kill insects that damaged fruit and vegetable crops. Most insects died from being exposed to DDT, but some survived. These surviving insects contributed to an increase in their population by Choices: A migrating to habitats that had different types of crops. B learning how t...

C passing the gene for DDT resistance to their offspring.

Mercury_SC_401403

Animals and plants need oxygen to live. Oxygen is released in photosynthesis. Which cycle includes photosynthesis?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "the carbon cycle", "the nitrogen cycle", "the water cycle", "the rock cycle" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

Animals and plants need oxygen to live. Oxygen is released in photosynthesis. Which cycle includes photosynthesis? Choices: A the carbon cycle B the nitrogen cycle C the water cycle D the rock cycle

A the carbon cycle

Mercury_SC_415584

A class measures the time it takes for two different trucks to drive across the parking lot. How can they tell which truck is faster?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "The truck that starts moving first is faster.", "The truck that takes less time is faster.", "The truck that has bigger tires is faster.", "The truck that takes more time is faster." ] }

B

ARC-Easy

A class measures the time it takes for two different trucks to drive across the parking lot. How can they tell which truck is faster? Choices: A The truck that starts moving first is faster. B The truck that takes less time is faster. C The truck that has bigger tires is faster. D The truck that takes more time is fas...

B The truck that takes less time is faster.

Mercury_7267838

Which of the following is most necessary for life to develop on another planet?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "liquid water", "rocky surfaces", "warm soil", "atmospheric oxygen" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

Which of the following is most necessary for life to develop on another planet? Choices: A liquid water B rocky surfaces C warm soil D atmospheric oxygen

A liquid water is most necessary for life to develop on another planet.

Mercury_7004988

How are igneous and sedimentary rocks similar?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "They are both formed by erosion.", "They are both formed from cooled lava.", "Heat and pressure can turn them into lava.", "Heat and pressure can turn them into metamorphic rock." ] }

D

ARC-Easy

How are igneous and sedimentary rocks similar? Choices: A They are both formed by erosion. B They are both formed from cooled lava. C Heat and pressure can turn them into lava. D Heat and pressure can turn them into metamorphic rock.

B They are both formed from cooled lava.

Mercury_SC_402094

The area of a small ocean island is slowly shrinking. This is most likely the result of which occurrence?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "plant growth", "beach erosion", "dissolving rock", "falling water" ] }

B

ARC-Easy

The area of a small ocean island is slowly shrinking. This is most likely the result of which occurrence? Choices: A plant growth B beach erosion C dissolving rock D falling water

B beach erosion

MCAS_2004_5_22

An earthworm was placed on top of a thick layer of moist topsoil in a pan. The pan was placed in a room with the lights on. How did the earthworm most likely respond to these conditions?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "by burrowing under the soil", "by crawling around in the pan", "by staying where it was placed", "by trying to crawl out of the pan" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

An earthworm was placed on top of a thick layer of moist topsoil in a pan. The pan was placed in a room with the lights on. How did the earthworm most likely respond to these conditions? Choices: A by burrowing under the soil B by crawling around in the pan C by staying where it was placed D by trying to crawl out of ...

A by burrowing under the soil

MCAS_1998_4_7

7. What is the cause of most earthquakes?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "the rotation of Earth", "the direction of the wind", "the pull of Earth's gravity", "the movement of plates on Earth's crust" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

7. What is the cause of most earthquakes? Choices: A the rotation of Earth B the direction of the wind C the pull of Earth's gravity D the movement of plates on Earth's crust

D the movement of plates on Earth's crust

Mercury_7207183

Sandstone and all other types of sedimentary rock are made up of particles. The source materials of these particles consist of

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "fragments that broke off of older rocks.", "magma that cooled deep below a volcano.", "gases that condensed in the atmosphere.", "vegetation that decayed in thick layers." ] }

A

ARC-Easy

Sandstone and all other types of sedimentary rock are made up of particles. The source materials of these particles consist of Choices: A fragments that broke off of older rocks. B magma that cooled deep below a volcano. C gases that condensed in the atmosphere. D vegetation that decayed in thick layers.

A fragments that broke off of older rocks.

Mercury_7236495

Scientists theorize that the original atmosphere of Earth was stripped away by the solar wind shortly after the formation of the planet. The Jovian planets are far enough from the Sun that the solar wind has less of an impact. Studies of the Jovian planets suggest the early atmosphere of Earth was mainly composed of wh...

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "oxygen and argon", "hydrogen and helium", "carbon dioxide and nitrogen", "sulfur dioxide and water vapor" ] }

B

ARC-Easy

Scientists theorize that the original atmosphere of Earth was stripped away by the solar wind shortly after the formation of the planet. The Jovian planets are far enough from the Sun that the solar wind has less of an impact. Studies of the Jovian planets suggest the early atmosphere of Earth was mainly composed of wh...

B hydrogen and helium

Mercury_7223948

Which material has the least resistance to the flow of electricity?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "rubber", "aluminum", "granite", "wood" ] }

B

ARC-Easy

Which material has the least resistance to the flow of electricity? Choices: A rubber B aluminum C granite D wood

B aluminum

Mercury_191503

What is the primary function of white blood cells in humans?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "carry oxygen", "fight disease", "grow tissues", "remove waste" ] }

B

ARC-Easy

What is the primary function of white blood cells in humans? Choices: A carry oxygen B fight disease C grow tissues D remove waste

B fight disease

MCAS_2005_5_22

What happens to the path of a light ray as it passes from air into water at an angle?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "Its path widens.", "Its path bends.", "Its path becomes shorter.", "Its path continues in a straight line." ] }

B

ARC-Easy

What happens to the path of a light ray as it passes from air into water at an angle? Choices: A Its path widens. B Its path bends. C Its path becomes shorter. D Its path continues in a straight line.

B Its path bends.

Mercury_7263428

Which are replenished more quickly than they are used?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "energy resources", "material resources", "renewable resources", "nonrenewable resources" ] }

C

ARC-Easy

Which are replenished more quickly than they are used? Choices: A energy resources B material resources C renewable resources D nonrenewable resources

C renewable resources are replenished more quickly than they are used. Renewable resources are natural resources that can replenish themselves over time, such as solar energy, wind energy, and hydro energy. These resources can be used in a sustainable manner and do not deplete over time. In contrast, non

Mercury_7179865

The Hubble Space Telescope is a telescope that NASA launched into space in 1990. Scientists most likely prefer to use the Hubble Space Telescope instead of a land-based telescope because it provides better accuracy at

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "predicting solar eclipses.", "investigating faraway galaxies.", "investigating the size of Venus.", "predicting the phases of the Moon." ] }

B

ARC-Easy

The Hubble Space Telescope is a telescope that NASA launched into space in 1990. Scientists most likely prefer to use the Hubble Space Telescope instead of a land-based telescope because it provides better accuracy at Choices: A predicting solar eclipses. B investigating faraway galaxies. C investigating the size of V...

B investigating faraway galaxies.

Mercury_SC_400843

Which material is attracted to a magnet?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "iron", "wood", "plastic", "ice" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

Which material is attracted to a magnet? Choices: A iron B wood C plastic D ice

A iron

LEAP__7_10345

What is the main reason humans need nitrogen to survive?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "Nitrogen is used in respiration to generate energy.", "Nitrogen is used in making the proteins in the body.", "Nitrogen is used to help the body eliminate wastes.", "Nitrogen is used by nerve cells to conduct impulses." ] }

B

ARC-Easy

What is the main reason humans need nitrogen to survive? Choices: A Nitrogen is used in respiration to generate energy. B Nitrogen is used in making the proteins in the body. C Nitrogen is used to help the body eliminate wastes. D Nitrogen is used by nerve cells to conduct impulses.

B Nitrogen is used in making the proteins in the body.

VASoL_2010_3_20

Having dry, hot weather for a long time can cause a

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "drought", "thunderstorm", "tornado", "flood" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

Having dry, hot weather for a long time can cause a Choices: A drought B thunderstorm C tornado D flood

A drought

Mercury_7122850

After a star runs out of most of its hydrogen fuel, it becomes hotter and more luminous. What stage does this represent in the life cycle of a star?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "quasar", "protostar", "red giant", "white dwarf" ] }

C

ARC-Easy

After a star runs out of most of its hydrogen fuel, it becomes hotter and more luminous. What stage does this represent in the life cycle of a star? Choices: A quasar B protostar C red giant D white dwarf

C red giant

Mercury_7018498

Beakers and graduated cylinders are designed to measure

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "mass.", "density.", "volume.", "viscosity." ] }

C

ARC-Easy

Beakers and graduated cylinders are designed to measure Choices: A mass. B density. C volume. D viscosity.

C volume.

TIMSS_2003_8_pg99

Animals and plants are made up of a number of different chemical elements. What happens to all of these elements when animals and plants die?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "They die with the animal or plant.", "They evaporate into the atmosphere.", "They are recycled back into the environment.", "They change into different elements." ] }

C

ARC-Easy

Animals and plants are made up of a number of different chemical elements. What happens to all of these elements when animals and plants die? Choices: A They die with the animal or plant. B They evaporate into the atmosphere. C They are recycled back into the environment. D They change into different elements.

C They are recycled back into the environment.

Mercury_SC_LBS10177

Earthquakes are vibrations of Earth's crust. What device is used to measure the size of an earthquake?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "barometer", "Doppler radar", "depth scale", "seismograph" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

Earthquakes are vibrations of Earth's crust. What device is used to measure the size of an earthquake? Choices: A barometer B Doppler radar C depth scale D seismograph

D seismograph

AKDE&ED_2008_8_50

Which statement best describes how energy transfer within Earth's atmosphere can affect a weather condition?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "During radiation, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the air temperature.", "During radiation, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the air temperature.", "During convection, objects dir...

B

ARC-Easy

Which statement best describes how energy transfer within Earth's atmosphere can affect a weather condition? Choices: A During radiation, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the air temperature. B During radiation, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the air temper...

B During radiation, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the air temperature.

Mercury_7068705

Some plants need to be in an environment where water drains easily. Which type of soil content will best benefit these plants?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "sand", "shale", "clay", "silt" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

Some plants need to be in an environment where water drains easily. Which type of soil content will best benefit these plants? Choices: A sand B shale C clay D silt

The type of soil content that will best benefit plants that need to be in an environment where water drains easily is D silt. Silt is a soil texture class that is made up of very small particles, typically less than 0.05 millimeters in diameter. It is a good drainage soil

LEAP__4_10228

On a field trip in a wooded area, you see a small, strange object. You wonder whether it is a live animal. The best way to find out is to observe the object to see if it

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "has an odor.", "has separate parts.", "can make a noise and has a lifelike color.", "carries out basic life functions." ] }

D

ARC-Easy

On a field trip in a wooded area, you see a small, strange object. You wonder whether it is a live animal. The best way to find out is to observe the object to see if it Choices: A has an odor. B has separate parts. C can make a noise and has a lifelike color. D carries out basic life functions.

To find out whether the object is a live animal, observing it and looking for signs of life is the best way. It is possible that the object may have an odor, but this is not a definitive sign that it is alive. An object that is dead can also emit an odor

Mercury_SC_405881

Recycling is important to the environment because it

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "is a good way to earn money.", "produces more carbon dioxide for plants.", "decreases the amount of natural resources.", "is a way of conserving nonrenewable resources." ] }

D

ARC-Easy

Recycling is important to the environment because it Choices: A is a good way to earn money. B produces more carbon dioxide for plants. C decreases the amount of natural resources. D is a way of conserving nonrenewable resources.

D is a way of conserving nonrenewable resources.

Mercury_7141785

Which calculation is used to determine acceleration?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "divide change in velocity by change in time", "multiply average velocity by change in time", "divide average velocity by mass", "multiply change in velocity by distance traveled" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

Which calculation is used to determine acceleration? Choices: A divide change in velocity by change in time B multiply average velocity by change in time C divide average velocity by mass D multiply change in velocity by distance traveled

A: Divide change in velocity by change in time is the calculation used to determine acceleration.

MCAS_2009_5_6511

A student hears the sound of a bell. Which of the following carries the sound of the bell to the student?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "electrical currents", "magnetic signals", "radio waves", "vibrating air" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

A student hears the sound of a bell. Which of the following carries the sound of the bell to the student? Choices: A electrical currents B magnetic signals C radio waves D vibrating air

D vibrating air

Mercury_416374

Which surgery is most like the way a transgenic organism is made?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "Adelle receives an artificial hip to ease her arthritis.", "Kwan receives a pacemaker to regulate his heartbeat.", "Hector receives a replacement heart valve from a cow.", "Denise receives a kidney donated by her identical twin." ] }

C

ARC-Easy

Which surgery is most like the way a transgenic organism is made? Choices: A Adelle receives an artificial hip to ease her arthritis. B Kwan receives a pacemaker to regulate his heartbeat. C Hector receives a replacement heart valve from a cow. D Denise receives a kidney donated by her identical twin.

D Denise receives a kidney donated by her identical twin. This type of surgery is most similar to the way a transgenic organism is made, as it involves the transfer of a functional organ from one individual to another, often with the genetic material being identical. In this case, Denise is receiving

Mercury_7163328

In a forest ecosystem, the squirrels eat seeds from trees. The squirrels are then eaten by hawks, owls, and foxes. If there were no more owls present in this ecosystem, which would most likely happen in the forest?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "The squirrel population would increase.", "The hawk population would decrease.", "The fox population would decrease.", "The tree population would increase." ] }

A

ARC-Easy

In a forest ecosystem, the squirrels eat seeds from trees. The squirrels are then eaten by hawks, owls, and foxes. If there were no more owls present in this ecosystem, which would most likely happen in the forest? Choices: A The squirrel population would increase. B The hawk population would decrease. C The fox popul...

B The hawk population would decrease. If there were no more owls present in the ecosystem, the hawk population would most likely decrease. Hawks are apex predators that feed on both squirrels and owls. With owls out of the picture, the h

Mercury_SC_LBS10390

A cold-blooded vertebrate with smooth skin belongs to what class of animals?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "reptile", "fish", "amphibian", "mammal" ] }

C

ARC-Easy

A cold-blooded vertebrate with smooth skin belongs to what class of animals? Choices: A reptile B fish C amphibian D mammal

A reptile

ACTAAP_2013_7_13

Xylem cells have very thick walls. They make up most of a tree trunk and its branches. What system in vertebrates provides the same function as the xylem cells in a tree?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "the skeletal system", "the endocrine system", "the respiratory system", "the integumentary system" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

Xylem cells have very thick walls. They make up most of a tree trunk and its branches. What system in vertebrates provides the same function as the xylem cells in a tree? Choices: A the skeletal system B the endocrine system C the respiratory system D the integumentary system

A the skeletal system

NYSEDREGENTS_2012_4_17

Which characteristic helps some animals defend themselves against predators?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "strong odor", "poor hearing", "weak eyesight", "shivering" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

Which characteristic helps some animals defend themselves against predators? Choices: A strong odor B poor hearing C weak eyesight D shivering

A strong odor

Mercury_7239138

The complex, three-dimensional structure of a protein is sensitive to heat because the structure is maintained by

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "hydrogen bonds.", "covalent bonds.", "Brownian motion.", "magnetic fields." ] }

A

ARC-Easy

The complex, three-dimensional structure of a protein is sensitive to heat because the structure is maintained by Choices: A hydrogen bonds. B covalent bonds. C Brownian motion. D magnetic fields.

A hydrogen bonds.

TIMSS_2003_8_pg19

When chlorine gas reacts with sodium metal, what type of substance is formed?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D", "E" ], "text": [ "A mixture", "A compound", "An element", "An alloy", "A solution" ] }

B

ARC-Easy

When chlorine gas reacts with sodium metal, what type of substance is formed? Choices: A A mixture B A compound C An element D An alloy E A solution

B) A compound

NCEOGA_2013_5_24

After a rain, a puddle of water remains on a sidewalk. After a day of sunshine, the puddle is gone. Which process is most responsible for the disappearance of the puddle?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "precipitation", "transpiration", "evaporation", "condensation" ] }

C

ARC-Easy

After a rain, a puddle of water remains on a sidewalk. After a day of sunshine, the puddle is gone. Which process is most responsible for the disappearance of the puddle? Choices: A precipitation B transpiration C evaporation D condensation

C evaporation

MCAS_2004_5_8

When an electric fan is running, most of the incoming electrical energy changes into which kind of energy?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "heat energy", "light energy", "mechanical energy", "sound energy" ] }

C

ARC-Easy

When an electric fan is running, most of the incoming electrical energy changes into which kind of energy? Choices: A heat energy B light energy C mechanical energy D sound energy

C mechanical energy

Mercury_7168350

Cells need nutrients for energy. Which system is responsible for breaking down food to provide cellular energy?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "digestive", "excretory", "circulatory", "respiratory" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

Cells need nutrients for energy. Which system is responsible for breaking down food to provide cellular energy? Choices: A digestive B excretory C circulatory D respiratory

D respiratory

Mercury_SC_LBS10579

Scientists today understand how forces work due to Isaac Newton's study of

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "electricity.", "magnetism.", "atoms.", "gravity." ] }

D

ARC-Easy

Scientists today understand how forces work due to Isaac Newton's study of Choices: A electricity. B magnetism. C atoms. D gravity.

D gravity.

Mercury_7223090

A student uses clay to construct a model of Earth. Which layer of the model should be the thinnest layer?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "the layer representing the mantle", "the layer representing the outer core", "the layer representing the inner core", "the layer representing the crust" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

A student uses clay to construct a model of Earth. Which layer of the model should be the thinnest layer? Choices: A the layer representing the mantle B the layer representing the outer core C the layer representing the inner core D the layer representing the crust

D the layer representing the crust

CSZ_2005_5_CSZ10247

Which of the following is broken down in the body to release energy?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "sugar.", "water.", "salt.", "oxygen." ] }

A

ARC-Easy

Which of the following is broken down in the body to release energy? Choices: A sugar. B water. C salt. D oxygen.

A sugar.

NYSEDREGENTS_2015_8_5

Which process is responsible for the growth and repair of human tissue?

{ "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ], "text": [ "evolution", "germination", "cell division", "natural selection" ] }

3

ARC-Easy

Which process is responsible for the growth and repair of human tissue? Choices: 1 evolution 2 germination 3 cell division 4 natural selection

3 cell division

Mercury_7179340

Coal, oil, and natural gas have high potential energies, which makes them valuable energy resources. In order to benefit from the energy available in these fossil fuels, the potential energy is converted most directly into which type of energy?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "chemical", "electrical", "solar", "thermal" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

Coal, oil, and natural gas have high potential energies, which makes them valuable energy resources. In order to benefit from the energy available in these fossil fuels, the potential energy is converted most directly into which type of energy? Choices: A chemical B electrical C solar D thermal

D thermal

Mercury_7057243

A student mixes salt and water in a beaker to form a solution. What properties of the substances would allow the student to then separate the components?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "densities", "particle sizes", "boiling points", "electrical conductivity" ] }

C

ARC-Easy

A student mixes salt and water in a beaker to form a solution. What properties of the substances would allow the student to then separate the components? Choices: A densities B particle sizes C boiling points D electrical conductivity

A densities

TIMSS_2007_8_pg77

Which of the following is caused by a virus?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "ulcer", "malaria", "tuberculosis", "influenza" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

Which of the following is caused by a virus? Choices: A ulcer B malaria C tuberculosis D influenza

D influenza

NAEP_2009_4_S7+6

A thermometer shows that the outside air temperature is colder than the temperature at which water turns to ice. However, ice on the sidewalk melts. What probably caused this?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "The air heating the sidewalk", "The sidewalk reflecting sunlight into the air", "The wind causing the ice on the sidewalk to melt", "The sunlight making the sidewalk warmer than the air" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

A thermometer shows that the outside air temperature is colder than the temperature at which water turns to ice. However, ice on the sidewalk melts. What probably caused this? Choices: A The air heating the sidewalk B The sidewalk reflecting sunlight into the air C The wind causing the ice on the sidewalk to melt D Th...

C The wind causing the ice on the sidewalk to melt

TIMSS_2011_8_pg25

Twins are born. One is a boy and one is a girl. Which statement is correct about their genetic makeup?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the father only.", "The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the mother only.", "The boy and girl inherit genetic material from both parents.", "The boy inherits genetic material from...

C

ARC-Easy

Twins are born. One is a boy and one is a girl. Which statement is correct about their genetic makeup? Choices: A The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the father only. B The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the mother only. C The boy and girl inherit genetic material from both parents. D The boy in...

C The boy and girl inherit genetic material from both parents.

TIMSS_1995_8_I14

When you bend your arm at the elbow, the bones and muscles in your arm are acting as a system. What simple machine does this system represent?

{ "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ], "text": [ "Inclined plane", "Pulley", "Wedge", "Lever" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

When you bend your arm at the elbow, the bones and muscles in your arm are acting as a system. What simple machine does this system represent? Choices: A Inclined plane B Pulley C Wedge D Lever

D Lever