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Nice. In my quest for precision in tackling the case studies, I often wish somebody else in our parasitology group would come into the lab when I am listening to them so I could avail of their expertise. So today I sent around an email saying 10 minutes before coffee break I would be listening to the case study in the ... |
Okay. Sand flies become infected when they suck blood from an infected animal or human. Diagnosis is confirmed by PCR isolation of the organism. The edges of the ulcers can be scraped and then sent to pathology. Thank you. will offer protection. And then, in conclusion, I enjoyed writing this and I hope that I've corre... |
As such, a systemic therapy would be indicated to ensure the patient doesn't develop ulcers around the mouth or worse. If any of the above sounds familiar, most of it is paraphrased from the free downloadable version of Parasitic Diseases. Thanks again for all you do, Lewis. P.S. It is unclear from Parasitic Diseases w... |
Size, right. And it's a white sort of not even raised area with a little black dot in the middle. It almost looks like a butt fly, but indeed it's not a butt fly. It looks exactly like it should look, a Tongopenotrans lesion. Yep. All right. So Vincent, are you on board? You're the experts, I believe. Yeah. I'm on boar... |
Now, the sand flies, people got a little bit of our cycle here, is the sand flies are really tiny, delicate insects. And they can only usually fly like about 24 inches. So most of the bites are going to be down on the lower extremities in general, right? I mean, we talk about chaklera also. Those are up on the ears. An... |
But if the eggs are ingested by some other animal, let's say a dog or a cat or something like this, those eggs could hatch and penetrate the gut tract of those animals. And then all of a sudden they realize, oh my gosh, I'm not in a human. Now what am I going to do? And they start wandering around looking for a way out... |
Okay. And what she did, she set traps. This was done in March 2013 through 2015. And check these regularly. She got five rodent species, 67 Parhamiscus Maniculatus, 55 Rhythrodontomus, 20 Rattus Rattus, five Musmusculus. And a Partridge and a Peritoneum. And one Microtus Californicus. And they were processed for larval... |
She's the only author, but that still doesn't mean that she will write it. And the next thing I did was, you know, and she's actually as if she's talking to the reader directly. Man, it's interesting. Which we usually don't use. It was fun to read. I think it was enjoyable. She's got a good writing style. This work, by... |
With something. And I don't know how much more I should give people, because I feel like if I give any more, they might know what it is. Yeah, no, that's enough. That's fine. That's plenty. I think you got a lot there. Yeah, these are good signs and symptoms. Yep. All right. Go do it. But I think that actually is helpf... |
Should he do the Peace Corps? That's a toss-up. You know, a Peace Corps experience is really maturing and it really opens your eyes to a lot of things that you didn't know were there, but you would see them right away when you got to those places, especially Cambodia. But you can't do any science. Cambodia's a fascinat... |
This Week in Parasitism is brought to you by the American Society 15th, 2015. Hi everybody, I'm Vincent Racaniello, and with me is Dixon DesPommiers. Hello Vincent. And Daniel Griffin. Hello everybody. How are you guys doing here? Doing good. You well? I'm doing well. Today's been a very busy but interesting and satisf... |
And for that to happen, you've got to do epidemiologic surveys. And Sierra Leone doesn't do that. And that's tragic. Yeah. But I should jump in with the resistance because we did an article recently. We all remember the one where there's this new, it's not a monoclonal antibody. It's a small molecule inhibitor for rive... |
Well, that's not an apology to Ogden Nash. It's to Jonathan Swift, who wrote, Little fleas have smaller fleas upon their backs that bite them. And smaller fleas have littler fleas and so on ad infinitum. So you got the poem right, but the poet wrong. Ogden Nash was famous as saying, Daniel, can you take the next one, p... |
But it's never lupus ultimately, of course, because that would be too simple. Daniel, you never watched House, right? I haven't, but I feel like I should watch it. No, you don't want to. I watch it all the time. Okay. Classically, they get it wrong no matter what. It's all fake medicine, right? It's not fake medicine. ... |
At least that's how I learned it from our medical entomologist, Roger Williams, who taught us a lot of our medical entomology here. Yeah. So maybe we should talk about how did this man get this on his hands? And as I'm reading the emails, I noticed that Dixon is cringing a little. And I'll say, if you go to the CDC, th... |
No, I appreciate that, but I'm sure the Spanish flu is not appreciated in Spain any more than Norwegian scabies is appreciated in Norway. So, you know, they did change the name of the virus to take that away from. That's right. So if you had to call it anything, I would just call it immunocompromised scabies. Hyperscab... |
Very good. An alpha-galactosidase. That's the beauty of it. It doesn't have to be di. It could be just galactosidase. Very good. An alpha-di-galactosidase. That's the beauty of, it doesn't have to be di, it could be just galactosidase. It's the beauty of naming. You can tell what things are. That's why taxonomy is grea... |
Right. Interesting. All right, so mice have the gene for this enzyme, alpha-1,3-galactose transferase, and they have made mice that are deficient in it, which people are already deficient in the gene that makes alpha-gal. And they found that if they had pathogen-free mice, they could give them, expose them to E. coli, ... |
When the mosquito injects the sporozoites into your bloodstream, it's a matter of minutes before they get into the hepatocytes. Right. Minutes. 30 minutes. Less than that, probably. You only need one to generate the whole infection. Then it gets into a liver cell. That's correct. And at that point, antibodies. It's got... |
I don't know how many times you have to revise until you finally get it right, but I don't think we've got it right yet. So we still need to know more about the gut. Just think if you were working now, all the techniques. My mind blows. It does? Smoke rings thinking about it. You have a bad mind? No, no, no. Stop it. Y... |
Well, that's the story that the mom gives. That there was initially a scratch on his nose that he got while playing and then this developed. By doing what? Did someone scratch him or did he fall and scratch it in the dirt? He was out playing. We don't know. We don't know. And the girl, same thing, had some kind of trau... |
This week in parasitism is brought to you by the American Society January 7th, 2015. Hi everybody, I'm Vincent Racaniello, and with me is Dixon DesPommiers. Hello, Vincent. Dixon, do you know how long it's been since we recorded a TWIP? Yeah, it was last year sometime. In what month? It was a long time ago. It was Nove... |
And I enrolled in in a phd program were you married at the time i was married at the time married with three children all right that's important and i'm still actually married with three children the same wife the same three children yes and you get a little personal yeah no that's our job are you still married i mean ... |
So let me ask, Dixon. Please. Do you envision that these clinical cases will occupy the entire episode? Absolutely not. Just be part of it. Maybe today it will because we're introducing it. No, I think there will be as part of it as when we read letters, for instance. We could devote 15 minutes or 20 minutes to the cas... |
Okay, well, that is an unusual author. I've never seen a consortium listed as an author. Well, here it is, though. It's weird. And here it is. So what it turns out to be is a genetic analysis and a pathological, a patho, clinical pathological analysis of a variety of clinical presentations of Trichomonas vaginalis with... |
But it wasn't an easy road. And it is now. You often go through an algorithm. You've ruled everything out. Maybe you've treated empirically. And then often you treat these empirically. And again, it's a challenging organism because our paradigm is changing from this sort of entrenched, you have to culture it, you have ... |
So it has a lot of enzymes inside, like superoxide dismutase and things of this sort, which it uses to counteract the presence of small amounts of oxygen. You know, it's interesting, because the mycoplasma genome also encodes such enzymes. You know, now we're getting closer. Now we're getting closer to... This is calle... |
Oh, I see, I see. So, Dixon, what fraction of women are? do men have also trichomonas? You're not going to ask me that question anymore. You will ask the clinician that question because he's got the answer. Daniel, what fraction, first of all, do men have trichomonas infections? They do, actually. I mean, this isn't th... |
And there were various infections, which are in this table here. And at least one of them experienced a premature labor event. Right. Trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, yeast infections, et cetera. Sure. Of various sorts. So they have the ribosomal sequence of this mycoplasma, and they can go on and ask, what's the a... |
That's good. No, they're actually... They're, I believe, actually an epithelial cell. But what they are is it's a large, flat cell with a nucleus. And you see the bacteria speckled on top of it. And again, when you're doing your wet mount, you can see this, even with a wet mount, you don't need to grab and stain. And y... |
So what I'm going to do, let me go ahead, and we like this in clinical medicine, because once you have a person in mind, maybe it focuses, it makes you listen a little bit better or not. So this is a real case. And I was on the ID consult service at a hospital in Queens during January of 2013. And we were asked to see ... |
So if it were a hepatoma, it would be more dense, yes? So they actually, and the radiologists, read it as less likely being a carcinoma. So they're not thinking this is a cancer. And we're on TWIP, so we're also not thinking this is a cancer. That's, you know, come on, let's not be that easy. Now, one of the, and I'll ... |
So your idea is you're going to call an interventional radiologist and say, stick a needle in and tell me what that is? The biggest danger of this, if you biopsy the liver, for instance, and the patient breathes at the same time and you're not in the cyst at that moment, you could cause that patient to bleed out. Okay,... |
We have to develop a twip schwag bag. That's even self-promotional. It would be a cyst of twip, don't you think? TWIP cyst. Okay. Want to read a few emails? Would you please? All right. The first one is from Jess. I recently saw an article, and she links to it. Thought it might be worth a discussion on TWIP. It's about... |
Nice. I'm very interested. Which worm? This is C. elegans, of course. C. elegans, of course. It has only 300 neurons, 302. Right. They've been completely mapped and the open worm project is working to build a complete simulation of the worm in softwares and one of the founders put it into a Lego robot, basically. That'... |
Dr. D., I've been thinking of tall buildings to grow crops for years before I knew other people actually started it. Finding you was mind-blowing with your fancy vertical form. If you guys read this, it will be awesome to hear my name by the time I catch up to the episode. I can clearly see you guys have plenty of cont... |
From Microbe TV, this is Twip. This week in Parasitism, episode 114, recorded on August 11th, 2016. This episode is brought to you by CuriosityStream, a subscription streaming service, not screaming, streaming, that offers over 1,400 documentaries and nonfiction series from the world's best filmmakers in unlimited acce... |
They've been on vacation for about four, no, that's not. Hopefully they're well-rested, ready to take on any challenges. As Harold Varmus said, we need an emergency fund of several billion dollars. I view it as sort of like the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. You know what that is, Dixon? No, you don't know what that is? ... |
I guess the odor would worsen over time. The disease seems to be staggeringly common in the U.S., with over 3 million infected at any time, so that makes it all the more plausible. Microscope examination or cell culture may reveal the parasite, and it can then be treated with metronidazole. I would also recommend takin... |
Yes. Well, I suggest that for Dixon's well-being, we introduce more. I take that as a direct insult. I resemble that remark. Okay. But, yeah, so that would be typical of, I think a lot of women would recognize this as a candida infection if it was a white, curdy discharge. You can actually get just a clear, benign, wat... |
Let's say it persists a little bit in one versus the other. Who knows? And then the hope is that then you've cured both of them and then they'll stay in a monogamous relationship and that's the last time they'll have trick. Sure. The perfect world that will happen. That actually brings up the question, how did she acqu... |
Have you ever seen Michio Kaku, Daniel, or Dixon? I've read his books. You have? Yeah. I love his books. Very excellent writer. I've had lunch with him. Yes, but I read his books. Dixon, have you? I have. I sat right next to him, as a matter of fact, and we had a nice conversation. Why? About vertical farming? No, no, ... |
Okay. So in their native habitats that they're investigating in Burkina Faso, there are lots of villages and some villages cultivate this kind of crop and some cultivate that kind of crop. And that's how this study, I think, was originally couched. So they looked at four different plants, two flowering ornamentals. Tha... |
Although the differences are small. Well, it depends which figures we're looking at, right? I mean, yeah, the initial infection and the infection intensity are pretty darn small. So infection intensity, that is the mean of number of developing oocysts in the guts as opposed to harboring at least one. So you see, again,... |
But they suggested at the end, maybe we should plant lots of T. naryfolia. No, you can't make that conclusion. Not based on this evidence. Could we do a trial and plant tons of this and then see in a year whether there's been a decrease? Sure. We could, but I don't think that's going to work. You see, fostering the pla... |
All right. Lay it on us. I got it. You guys are all ready? I knew you'd say that. This is the story of a 12-year-old boy who was brought to the hospital by his parents with severe headache, stiff neck, fever, and a decreased level of alertness. Severe headache. Stiff neck, fever, and decreased level of alertness. Okay.... |
You can have five. If you have a five-unit storage droval, you could put two or three or four or five drives in. It doesn't matter. So you can expand it as you need it. It will tell you how much data are on your drives. There are lights on the front. They're fun to watch. It's like watching E.T. When it's green, it mea... |
It's an interesting idea. I mean, we do know that things like azithromycin are going to target the ribosomes, sort of the protein. Whether they also have targeting of the epicoplast. I don't know, but it's very interesting. You know that azithromycin inhibits Zika virus? Really? It's an off-target effect, obviously, bu... |
If we can get 5,000 people to give a buck a month, then I could hire someone. We could do transcripts. We could travel. And I get rid of the ads. It's not a lot of money. Or you could go to microbe.tv slash contribute, and we have ways to give us money via PayPal or your credit card. Either way. I'm going just as soon ... |
From Microbe TV, this is TWiP, This Week in Parasitism, episode 12. Blue Apron is the number one fresh ingredient and recipe delivery service in the country. See what's on the menu this week and get your first three meals free with free shipping by going to blueapron.com slash TWIP. Hi, everybody. I'm Vincent Racaniell... |
You can just hold the stethoscope out in the room and hear it. Right. Dixon, you want to take the next one, please? Sure. Suellen writes, made a list of possibilities, 10 of them, and then went through them and finally narrowed it down to Ascariasis, caused by Ascoris lumbricoides, a species of roundworm. This is a ver... |
It can be, at least. It can be fulminating. So those are my first two choices because she's not in any particular discomfort. No, not at all. You know, she sleeps well. She goes to school and teaches and her eating habits haven't changed. She just got this lousy intermittent diarrhea that she can't cope with. Or she ha... |
She was treated, reported a week later that stools were better and that she was feeling better. So the possibility is that she would be reinfected again. There's no immunity, correct? Well, there is, but it's short-lived. And it's also short-lived. That too. It's actually interesting, right? I think in our book we go i... |
Do you now? Now, I'll tell you. Let me just say, most people patrick castiglione oh i just love pronouncing that castiglione now i'll tell you let me just say most people would say castiglione you don't pronounce the g castiglione no you're right you smooth it out although america these are not americans here americans... |
That's right. So what's wrong with this picture? Yeah, what's wrong with it? Well, I would say initially that the immunogen, either the immunogen is no good or your idea is wrong. The immunogen is fabulous because they have antibody proof that it introduces a very robust antibody response. So it's a great immunogen. No... |
Test for the virus. And if it's positive, then you immunize them? Yeah. Do you have time? Yeah. So if you had a patient that you knew had a Leishmania strain that had the virus, what would be your approach knowing that this is an actual real result that could be applied to people? What would be your thoughts? Yeah, wel... |
So this is where if you feel it yourself, you could feel your ribs. And usually your liver ends right there, but his is now extending about three fingers down and it is tender. Okay. So I can't feel my liver. What's the mass underneath my belly, right? I feel muscle. I feel such huge muscle. Six-pack. What a six-pack. ... |
That's the Air Force. My son was in the Air Force too. I remember how the water was a lovely blue and internal What kind of microscope is that that he's talking about? No, it's a compound microscope with special optics that are fitted underneath with the condensers, et cetera. The phase interference is a combination of... |
Exactly right. It does sound good. Yep. Thank you. Dixon DePommier is at triconello.org and thelivingriver.org. Thank you, Dixon. You're welcome. I'm Vincent Draconello. You can find me at virology.ws. The music you hear on Twip is composed and performed by Ronald Jenkes. You can find his stuff, which is really nice, a... |
This week in parasitism is brought to you by the American Society 20th, 2012. Hello everyone, I am Vincent Racaniello, and with me is the esteemed Professor Emeritus Dixon DesPommiers. Hello, Vincent. You can just see his smile. Have you been drinking? Water, yes. How have you been, Dixon? I've been very well, thanks, ... |
How about a midge? Of course. A sandfly? Yes. All right, so basically it's everything. No, it's not everything. Am I jointed? Am I an arthropod? You are. That's why they're called arthroscopic surgery. I'm an arthropod? Well, you have jointed legs. So most birds are arthropods? Well, in the general sense, yes. But the ... |
Now he's going to come over and eat me. Why would you assume they have a high voice like that? Because they're tiny little things. So if the butterfly tastes bad. So if it contains a noxious chemical, and it's to the advantage of the moth to have that. I think they were moths, actually. And then he says, watch what hap... |
Here's the capital Diptera over here. Look, look, look, look. My version has it different. Oh, yours is different. How can that be? Look at mine. It's indented. Show me. Mine is the fifth edition. Mine is the fifth edition. It must be different printing. Did you have more than one printing made? I guess we did. That's ... |
Now, the West Nile is a culissine transmitted. They can be transmitted by every group of mosquitoes, right? In fact, they can probably theoretically be transmitted by ticks as well. With different efficiencies probably. Correct. That is exactly right. But... Alright, so this is a big guy, malaria. Filarial diseases are... |
House flies and its relatives. Oh, this is a relative of the house fly? It's a relative of the house fly. Got it. Good. Next we have myiasis causing flies. This is a horrible set of diseasecing organisms, some of which actually help us, and they debride wounds. They will only eat decaying flesh. So those are the good o... |
And then jump right off. That's it? Yep. But then you have an itchy bite, right? That's right. But on animals with lots of hair that they can cling to, then they stay on those animals. I once visited a home where when you walked across the carpet, the fleas would jump out. There were so many fleas. That's bad. Can you ... |
Dermacenter. I like that. Andersoni. Dermacenter variabilis. Those are both ticks that transmit. Great names. Yeah, I love them too. Ornithodorus. I like that name. Ornithodorus. It's a soft tick. So there's two kinds of ticks, Vince. There are hard ticks and soft ticks. Ah, yes. I see the picture here. And the hard ti... |
No, that's okay. It's an arachnid. Yeah, yeah, got it. You're forgiven. Trust me. It's easy to. People can also get dermatitis from mites, right? They can. They can. Allergies.ies. When you're allergic to the mite, though, the allergy never expresses itself where the mite actually lives. So if you have scabies and they... |
All right? So what I'm distinguishing between is an animal that actually harbors a portion of the life cycle and then it bites you in order to give it to you. These are ingested by accident. Yeah. All right? Well, tell me how much of an accident it is if you swallow these. How much does nature rely on accident? Oh, yea... |
I got to say, I love the repartee. Okay. I find it entertaining and it sometimes adds suspense when the answers are put off for a bit. As a disclaimer, I am an avid Car Talk fan. Your names, Vincent and Dixon, even share an alliteration component like click and clack. Roxanne is a PhD microbiologist turned forensic DNA... |
The next one is from Steven. By the way, Chris is a professor of biology at Nova Southeastern University, which is in Florida. Nice. Steven writes, RE using sari cloth to filter water to reduce cholera. The agent being filtered is a copepod that carries vibrio, not the vibrio itself. So the vibrio sticks to the copepod... |
From Microbe TV, this is TWiP, This Week in Parasit Lee, New Jersey, Dixon DesPommiers. Hello, Vincent and everybody else. The day has been tumultuous, actually. We've had a change of weather. We've had rain. We've had sunshine. We've had some thunder and lightning, and we've had cooler temperatures. So I think we're h... |
This is my leading diagnosis given the patient's epidemiologic risk factor as habituating on an island in the Pacific where rat lungworm is endemic, leading to high likelihood of ingestion of snail, slug bits or slime on her fresh vegetables and her constellation of symptoms including eosinophilic meningitis and allody... |
The larval parasites cannot reproduce in humans and will die eventually, causing inflammation. The preliminary guidelines call for a complete neurologic examination and CNS imaging, a detailed history of possible exposure to snails, slugs, rats or other things suggesting a risk for infection, and a lumbar puncture to d... |
Headaches, stiff neck, fever, but also body aches, ataxia, abdominal pain, muscle weakness, and even urinary retention incontinence. Whereas spinal cord involvement can produce radiculitis. A. costaric ensis causes abdominal angiostrongteliasis, causing abdominal pain,, fever and peripheral eosinophilia, but does not m... |
Gee, I don't know. Gee. Actually, I do know. What test do you want to order? Me? Yes. If you were there and you said, I just want one test, because apparently someone was wise enough to request a certain test which gave them a diagnosis. Well, I would guess the PCR test. In the old days of my educational experience, th... |
Maybe this is because he doesn't want me to get on the blacklist with the Hawaii Chamber of Commerce or something. But sporadic cases each year. They reached a maximum of 19 in 2017. So just to give you a sense, it's not like everyone goes to Hawaii and they all end up with, you know, parasites in their head. So far, t... |
So I'll read you what they wrote about him when he retired from the University of Georgia, because he's recently retired. Daniel G. Collier earned his PhD in microbiology and immunology at Tulane University in 1968. Upon completing his postdoctoral work at Yale, Kali became an assistant professor of microbiology at Van... |
This week in parasitism is brought to you by the American Society 14th, 2012. Hi everyone, I'm Vincent Racaniello, and with me is Dixon DesPommiers. Hello, Vincent. Dixon, your wire is hitting your microphone. Undo your arms. Oh, for God's sakes. Don't be hostile. All right, how's that? You know, the folded arm indicat... |
We talked about this a lot, right? We sure did. But the point that we didn't talk about was what mechanism is the parasite using to cloak itself from the immune response, right? Do we know? There's been a burst of activity in that realm. So from, let's say, the year 2000 until now, there have been a number of seminal p... |
And what do you suppose happened? Probably kill them. It did. It did. And if you took the control, which was schistosomes from a different species, they probably would grow in the rat, but I bet they didn't do that control. No, I think they might have done that one. Or a non-immunized rat. How about that? Right. Probab... |
And they did two methods for this because the structure is so complicated, it's not just a single layer. There are multiple layers to this thing. So they did short pulse labeling and long-term labeling. What does biotinylating mean, Dixon? Well, you take biotin. What is biotin, Dixon? Come on, Yossi, help me out here. ... |
So what we would like to know is if the interaction from parasite to host involves a protein-protein interaction to affect the camouflage mechanism that we're talking about, the masking mechanism, then there's a gene for that protein in the parasite. The tetraspanin? Yeah, if it turns out to be the tetraspanin, let's j... |
They want to get two vaccines together? Of course. Of course. Bigger bang for your buck? Sure. The schistosomiasis problem in China hasn't gone away because there's a reservoir host in the way that they plow their fields. Do the same people get schisto and hookworm? They do. That's the other point. So if we had a vacci... |
But we're not quite back that far. They make a statement here, which is very interesting. Please. There is a paucity of funding driven by the lack of a commercially viable market available for the production of vaccines against neglected tropical diseases. So a vaccine antigen must be amenable to low-cost manufacture. ... |
Sure. You want to stick around for some email? There's just a few. 20, 30. No, there are three. The first one is from Ruth. She writes it to you. Dear Dick DePommier. I don't want to be, you know. My name is Ruth. I'm a listener of TWIP, and recently I decided to look into your vertical farming that you mentioned on th... |
I do care. What makes you say I don't care? Because you're going away for a month. I wouldn't go away for a month. I would stick with my listeners. But we're different people. It's okay. When you come back, we'll resume. We will. And people will be clamoring for you. In fact, they may come up to you in New Zealand and ... |
From Microbe TV, this is TWiP, This Week in Par New York State, Daniel Griffin. Hello, everyone. Hello there, Daniel. Everybody good? Yeah. I am doing well. Glad to hear that. You have what on your tie there, Daniel? Oh, so, you know, we're recording this on a Friday and a lot of my colleagues are aware that every Frid... |
But I can't, well, we'll get to this. I have never heard of where we're going with this story being transmitted through eating raw or undercooked vegetables. But I have heard about, well, we don't want to spoil the ending, but let me just read Katie's letter first, get through the email, and then we'll come back to the... |
All the best and stay safe, Alexander. Nice. Yeah. feces and the cross through the placenta to infect the developing fetus within the first couple of trimesters. As far as I know, there would be no transplacental transmission if the mother had eaten tissue cysts and undercooked meat, so must have unwittingly been expos... |
I've been subscribing to TWIP for a few months now, have thoroughly enjoyed working my way through the back catalog. Who knew an experimental psychologist working for the U.S. military would find parasitism so fascinating? I look forward to each episode and though I have effectively no formal education in biology or me... |
Don't do that with children. In the other parasite news, I ran across this archaeological study of parasite burden, which suggests that the rate of infection remains steady until societal changes in hygiene, plumbing, and sanitation were more widespread in European countries. And there's a link. Thanks for the always i... |
So my guess is toxoplasmosis. Namehi Andrew. All right, Dixon, you are muted again. No, no, I do this to prevent Vincent from having to pull his hair out and editing all my coughs. So, Elsie writes, dear Twip trifecta. Elise. Elise. Okay, I'll start again. Elise writes, trifecta. The sky is bright blue and it is 64 deg... |
All right. Kevin writes. Here you go. Terrible tropisms or first hit good news. Pregnancy automatically yields to patients. The most compelling part of this case for me was the devastating idea of hydrocephalus as well as the appalling proclivity of a parasite to live in our brains. My horror of hydrocephalus was of co... |
It was a no-brainer. So I was going to clarify, when you say the 80s, you mean the 1980s. I was just envisioning these men in their 80s. No, no, no, no, no. So we'll move on to the next. So everyone's feeling like it's toxoplasmosis. So what would be the things that we do to clarify the diagnosis? And so a couple of th... |
What kind of animal would contaminate my home vegetable? I understand a farm that could be. Cats. Yeah, cats. Cats could come in. Yeah, Dixon and I have talked about this i think in a little bit in the past you know in general this is in the feces of of the cat but when a cat pees um it's sort of i think brushes past a... |
Does anyone else have this? He goes, oh my gosh, my wife. My wife is suffering with the same thing. He gives this gentleman not just three pills of ivermectin, but a much larger dose of ivermectin repeats this two weeks later. Also, the wife is treated same way twice and both the man and his wife find an end to their s... |
From Microbe TV, this is TWiP, This Week in Parasitism, episode 128, recorded on March 1st, 2017. This episode is brought to you by Blue Apron. Blue Apron is the number one fresh ingredient and recipe delivery service in the country. See what's on the menu this week and get your first three meals free with your first p... |
Adults lay eggs that hatch into infectious larvae that can either A, end up in the feces, or B, proceed to grow filoform larvae that penetrate the intestinal mucosa slash perianal skin and follow the infective life cycle. Treatment of star angeloides may be difficult if the disease has disseminated throughout the body,... |
And this is, you've got the male and the female forming a heart. And this is in reference to the fact that the schistosoma stay embraced for their their lifetime it's actually incopulate it's like constant sexual activity and then you've got nicator americana on the right and a few other pretty cute pinworm roundworm g... |
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