input_text_instruct stringlengths 282 37.9k | output_text stringlengths 37 27.3k |
|---|---|
Please answer the following Stackoverflow question on Python. Answer it like you are a developer answering Stackoverflow questions.
Stackoverflow question:
How to properly inherit class method<p>I have a database connection class that creates a connection pool. Now as the application grows and I'm adding different ty... | <p>Classmethods receive the "current class" as the first argument. Instantiate this <code>cls</code>, not the fixed baseclass.</p>
<pre><code>class ServiceDB:
@classmethod
async def init(cls, settings):
self = cls() # cls is the *current* class, not just ServiceDB
self.pool = await as... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Why I get error: OpenCV(4.2.0) C:\projects\opencv-python\opencv\modules\highgui\src\window.cpp:376: error:<p>I want to read a simple image from a directory, I am ... | <p>Try </p>
<pre><code>im = cv2.imread('C:/Users/khand/OneDrive/Desktop/Thesis/Case_db/or/case_9-14000-12000-16000-14000-1-100-S')
</code></pre>
<p>And specify the file extension, also make sure the file isn't used by other processes.</p> |
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Stackoverflow question:
Kivy Screen Manager Background Color<p>I am new to Kivy and I am just learning to build a simple with a couple of screens. I saw the Kivy Crash Course videos and ... | <p>You have only setup a color leaving the shape behind, so i've added that on this line.</p>
<pre><code><sivaLoginScreen>:
name: 'login_screen'
canvas.before:
Color:
rgba: 253, 253, 152, 1
Rectangle:
pos:self.pos
size:self.size
</code></pre> |
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Stackoverflow question:
How to split dataframe column into separate columns based on condition<p>I am trying to split the following dataframe into separate columns. I want all the text i... | <p>you could use <code>str.replace</code> and <code>str.extract</code> to re-shape your dataframe.</p>
<pre><code>names = df[0].str.extract('(\D+)').replace('\[|,','',regex=True).rename(columns={0 : 'names'})
df_new = names.join(df[0].str.replace('\D+,','').str.strip(']').str.split(' ',expand=True))
</code></pre>
<hr... |
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Stackoverflow question:
I got a array contains integers like 737511, how do I convert every integer in that array into date like 2020-03-27<p>In python, I got an array that contains inte... | <p>use datetime.date.fromordinal()</p> |
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Stackoverflow question:
extract text from beautifulsoup lxml file<p>How can i extract the text within this lxml starting from from <code>div class="ember-view" id="ember76... | <pre><code>soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
lines = soup.select('div.ember-view > span.lt-line-clamp__line')
text = ''.join([line.find(text=True, recursive=False) for line in lines])
print(text)
</code></pre>
<p>Gives the text:</p>
<pre><code>I know Abc from Data Analysis training sessions with abc,Abc
is an enthu... |
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Stackoverflow question:
How to get dictionary of files from file path (python)<p>I am trying to get a dictionary from a list of file paths. I have found other methods but they do not go ... | <p>I found out using defaultdict I could nest the file paths. Code for anyone interested:</p>
<pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code># fs is the list of the files
for idx in range(len(fs)):
fs[idx] = fs[idx].replace('\\','/').replace('C:/aydin-os/','')
for f in fs:
f2 = f.split('/')
estring = 'fil... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Python - Beautifulsoup - Only one result being returned<p>I am attempting to scrape sports schedule data from the link below</p>
<p><a href="https://sport-tv-guid... | <p>Your <code>matchscrape</code> function is wrong. Instead of <code>match.find</code> function, which returns the first item, you should use the same way as in <code>matches</code> function the <code>match.findAll</code> function. Then iterate over the found datetimes like in example below.</p>
<pre><code>def matchscr... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Django application migration<p>I have a class Tweet, and I am trying to add User model to it such that user can have many tweets, but a tweet only belongs to a us... | <p>Removing it will not help, since it is already in the <em>migration</em> file. You thus need to remove the migration file as well.</p>
<p>If you want to use a <code>User</code> with <em>username</em> <code>anonymous</code>, then you can use a callable for that:</p>
<pre><code>from django.conf import settings
def <b... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Closing OSK (tabtip) in python<p>I am using following code to show osk</p>
<pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>os.system("C:\\PROGRA~1\\COMMON~1\... | <p>I ended up using comtypes instead of win32com:</p>
<pre><code>import win32gui
from ctypes import HRESULT
from ctypes.wintypes import HWND
from comtypes import IUnknown, GUID, COMMETHOD
import comtypes.client
class ITipInvocation(IUnknown):
_iid_ = GUID("{37c994e7-432b-4834-a2f7-dce1f13b834b}")
_me... |
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Stackoverflow question:
How to get past a cookie agreement page using Python and Selenium?<p>I am quite new to selenium and python. I am trying to navigate through a webpage (<a href="ht... | <p>The element <kbd>Alles akzeptieren</kbd> is within <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/56380091/how-to-locate-the-shadow-root-open-elements-through-cssselector">#shadow-root (open)</a>.</p>
<p><a href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/5tt8c.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/5tt8c.p... |
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Stackoverflow question:
How to read number of inputs given in Python<p>The given question is depending upon the number of inputs given (1 input, 2inputs, or 3) finding the circumference ... | <p>If I understand correctly this should work
(Presuming that you want to separate on a space)</p>
<pre><code>def cir(a):
x=2.0*3.142*float(a)
return x
def rec(a,b):
y=2*(float(a)+float(b))
return y
def tri(a,b,c):
z=float(a)+float(b)+float(c)
return z
#fun fact, you can put a string insid... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Saving live output to file in real-time in python<p>I have MQTT client which sending information to MQTT Broker (Ubuntu).
My Python script can run the command to ... | <p>the fastest way would be:</p>
<pre><code>import os
os.system("mosquitto_sub -h 192.168.0.107 -t test1 -t test2| tee -a mymessages.txt")
</code></pre> |
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Stackoverflow question:
How to add more folders on an existing folder?<p>I would like to add more folder on a existing folder.</p>
<p>I have a folder called 'folder_One'. In this folder ... | <p>you can use the following code:</p>
<pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>path_data = 'Data'
word = 'folder_One'
folder_length = 10
def create_folder():
base_path = os.path.join(path_data, word)
init_folder = 0
if os.path.exists(base_path):
init_folder = max(map(lambda x: int(x), os.li... |
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Stackoverflow question:
numpy.vectorize function signature<p>I have 2 arrays:</p>
<pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>>>> a.shape
(9, 3, 11)
>>> b.shape
(9,... | <p>In the end, I could make it work like this:</p>
<pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>>>> f = np.vectorize(f, signature="(k),(1)->()")
>>> print(a.shape)
(9, 3, 11)
>>> print(b.shape)
(9,)
>>> print(f(a, b[:, None, None]).shape)
(9, 3)
</code></pre>
<p>This ... |
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Stackoverflow question:
How to scrape web news and combine paragraphs into each article<p>I´m scraping the new articles from this site <a href="https://nypost.com/search/China+COVID-19/p... | <p>You keep appending to an existing list [], it keeps growing, you need to clear it every loop.</p>
<pre><code> articletext = containerr.find_all('p')
for paragraph in articletext:
#get the text only
text = paragraph.get_text()
paragraphtext.append(text)
#combine all paragraphs int... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Sending video stream from NodeJS to python in real time<p>I'm using a NodeJS server to catch a video stream through a WebRTC PeerConnection and I need to send it ... | <p>Finally, I found that the MediaStreamTrack API of Python's <code>aiortc</code> has <code>recv()</code>.</p>
<p>It's a Coroutine that returns the next frame. So I will just port my NodeJS script to python using this coroutine to replace <code>RTCVideoSink</code>. No piping or whatsoever !</p> |
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Stackoverflow question:
Walking cycle not ending in pygame<p>I have made a walking animation in pygame. I have it starting facing forward, and then if you move, the animation switches le... | <p>If you are going left, your velocity is negative. Floor division (<code>//</code>) always rounds down. This means that if your velocity is -0.001, it will round down to -1, which is not 0. You can confirm this by doing <code>print(self.vel.x // 1)</code> before your <code>if</code>.</p>
<p>The solution is to instea... |
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Stackoverflow question:
How can I make letter detection in a Hangman game?<p>My goal is to create a basic hangman game using the <code>random</code> and <code>tkinter</code> libraries.</... | <p>You can bind event <code><Key></code> with function which will check what was pressed and it will replace text on canvas.</p>
<pre><code>root = tk.Tk()
root.bind('<Key>', on_key_press) # function's name without `()`
def on_key_press(event): # tkinter runs it with event
print('pressed:', event.cha... |
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Stackoverflow question:
How to customise the string representation of an object while debugging Python in VS Code<p>I'm trying to debug a pretty complex python script I'm working on in V... | <p>This can be done by overriding the <code>__repr__()</code> method of the object.</p>
<pre><code>class Person(object):
def __init__(self, name: str, age: int) -> None:
self.name = name
self.age = age
def __repr__(self) -> str:
return f"Person({self.name=}, {self.age=})"... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Error occur when I try to enter data in a relational database createtd with sqlalchemy relationship<p><strong>I am a beginner and try to build a relational Databa... | <p>remove fops from Overall_Account
and add change the relationship in Field_Of_Play as:</p>
<pre><code>large_account = relationship("Overall_Account", backref="fops"
</code></pre> |
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Stackoverflow question:
Analysis of most common n-grams<p>Good day,</p>
<p>I have been studying NLP and came across this code for top n-gram extraction:</p>
<pre><code>def get_top_tweet_... | <ul>
<li><code>bag_of_words</code> is the usual 2-dimension document-ngram frequency matrix, i.e. it contains the frequency of any ngram for any document (<code>corpus</code> might contain any number of documents).</li>
<li><code>sum_words</code> obtains the sum of the frequency across documents for every ngram. It's a... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Message: stale element reference: element is not attached to the page document - Web Table Python<p><a href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/UngKh.png" rel="nofollow no... | <p><code>selenium</code> doesn't give you python's elements but references to objects on current page in web browser. When you click and load new page then you loose access to these objects.</p>
<p>First you have to get all links as text and later use them with <code>driver.get()</code></p>
<hr />
<pre><code>import tim... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Tokenizing based on certain pattern with Python<p>I have to tokenize certain patterns from sentences that have Sentences like <code>abc ABC - - 12 V</code> and <c... | <p>If your input is predictable, in the sense that you know which characters appear between your tokens (in this case I see a space and a hyphen), you can use a regex to extract what you want:</p>
<pre><code>import re
def is_float(s):
return re.match(r'^-?\d+(?:\.|,\d+)?$', s)
def extract_tokens(phrase, noise="... |
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Stackoverflow question:
How can I right pad a numpy array with zeroes?<p>I have a <code>numpy</code> array with shape <code>(1, 79, 161)</code>. I need to make the shape <code>(1, 100, 1... | <p>Here is a generic approach using <code>np.pad</code>. The trick is to get the <code>pad_width</code> argument right. In your original question, the correct <code>pad_width</code> would be <code>[(0, 0), (0, 21), (0, 0)]</code>. Each pair of numbers is the padding before the axis and then after the axis. You want to ... |
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Stackoverflow question:
checking string for double letter in a row<p>I'am trying to create a funtion that returns True if a string has the same letters side by side</p>
<p>Expected Outpu... | <p>You can easily compare two consecutive letters in a word using indexes</p>
<pre><code>def double_letters(word):
for i in range (len(word)-1):
if word[i] == word[i+1]:
return True
return False
print(double_letters("Error"))
</code></pre> |
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Stackoverflow question:
Does dataframe' method iterrows skip rows?<p>I am using this code below to iterate over my dataframe data</p>
<pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>for... | <p>You are looping through your index values, so there could be gaps due to many factors such as preprocessing and drop of rows containing NaNs.
One thing you can do is reset your index to default row numbers</p>
<pre><code>df.reset_index(drop=True)
</code></pre>
<p>drop=True will drop your old index, in most of case... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Change colorbar boundaries in geopandas plot<p>I'm stuck on something that should be simple, but I couldn't find an answer. I'm trying to plot something, like thi... | <p>Just add vmax/vmin in the plot. if you want to change the colormap, just pass the name to cmap.</p>
<pre><code>world.plot(column='gdp_md_est', legend = True,vmin = 0.5e7,max=1.75e7, cmap='Reds')
</code></pre> |
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Stackoverflow question:
Group / sort items from a list into sublists where every next item is a substring of the previous<p>I have the following list:</p>
<pre><code> x = ['long stories... | <p>What you are asking is to generate all branches from a directed acyclic graph.</p>
<p>Instead of storing your graph as a list of pairs <code>[(parent, child), ...]</code> as you did, I think it is easier to store your graph as a dictionary of lists, <code>{parent: [child1, child2, ...], ...}</code></p>
<p>Then write... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Merging two sorted linked lists in python and returning a new linked_list without changing either of input linked lists<p>As the title says, I would like to merge... | <p>The reason was because your <code>add_at_head()</code> was actually modifying the <code>.next</code> of the current node being added.</p>
<p>Because of this, when you add a node with an existing <code>.next</code> in the 3rd linked list, the <code>.next</code> is overridden, causing the infinite loop at the 3rd whil... |
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Stackoverflow question:
How can I remove a part of XML file?<p>I need to remove some parts of a XML file, for example this file:</p>
<pre><code><dict>
<key>Images</key... | <p>Listing <a href="https://docs.python.org/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#module-xml.etree.ElementTree" rel="nofollow noreferrer">[Python.Docs]: xml.etree.ElementTree - The ElementTree XML API</a>.</p>
<p>I always prefer searching nodes by <em>XPATH</em>, and specifying (as much as possible of) the full one. Of co... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Calling recursiviley a function depending on number of args in python<p>I have a function which takes two parameters and perform a binary operation:</p>
<pre><cod... | <p>Yes, and in fact it's built into the standard library: <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functools.html#functools.reduce" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://docs.python.org/3/library/functools.html#functools.reduce</a></p>
<pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>import functools
def operation(a,b):
... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Flask pagination redirect<p>I have a web store that uses <code>Flask</code> and <code>SQLAlchemy</code> in which I implemented pagination on the home page with a ... | <p>You can use javascript to update the query in the url</p>
<p>This function will take two params search in the current url for the key if exist then update it else add it.</p>
<p>js</p>
<pre><code>function url_manager(key,value){
const url = new URL(window.location.href);
url.searchParams.set(key,value );
window.loca... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Couldnt host Django web to PythonAnywhere<p>I uploaded my django web to pythonanywhere but everytime when I run the website it will showed <code>Error running WSG... | <p><code>os.path.expanduser('~/kabiboy/atportal')</code> will expand to <code>/home/kabiboy/kabiboy/atportal</code> (mind the doubled <code>kabiboy</code> part) -- that's probably not what you want. If you want to use <code>expanduser</code> with tilde, you should "hide" <code>/home/kabiboy</code> part under ... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Why am I able to access the class variable of type list and change its contents but not of type string?<p>I have below code:</p>
<pre><code>class Employee:
or... | <p>There is a difference between how you modified the string member vs the list member. Initially the <code>Employee</code> static member is shared by the instance <code>Sam</code> (when <code>Sam</code> is initiated, it references whatever <code>Employee</code> references).</p>
<p>In the list case, you modified this l... |
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Stackoverflow question:
How to extract just domain names from urls?<p>I have a following list of URLs:</p>
<pre><code>urls = ["http://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.08097", "https://d... | <p>You can remove the dot from the character class and make www. optional. The value is in capture group 1.</p>
<pre><code>https?://(?:www\.)?([A-Za-z_0-9-]+)
</code></pre>
<p><a href="https://regex101.com/r/mTqHgm/1" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Regex demo</a></p> |
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Stackoverflow question:
Matplotlib clearing old axis labels when re-plotting data<p>I've got a script wherein I have two functions, <code>makeplots()</code> which makes a figure of blank... | <p>You should clear the axes in each iteration using <a href="https://matplotlib.org/stable/api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.cla.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><strong><code>pyplot.cla()</code></strong></a>.</p>
<p>You posted a lot of code, so I'm not 100% sure of the best location to place it in your code, but the gener... |
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Stackoverflow question:
JSON string to pandas DataFrame<p>I am trying to convert a JSON string to pandasdataframe, that looks like this:
I have tried to use pd.read_json(header)
But I ge... | <p>{"":{"device ID": "","comments": " 20 min slow jog + 10 min rest + 25min all effort run + recovery run and rest ","keywords": "Belt, run","firmware version": "0.6.3","device": "FieldWiz + Belt","sampling rate": 250,"resolution": [16-bit],"date": "2020-05-10","column": ["A1","ECG"],"sensor": ["RAW, ECG"],"label": ["E... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Why is Pathlib module not found in my venv?<p>I tried</p>
<pre><code>>>> import Pathlib
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>&quo... | <p>Python considers <code>Pathlib</code> and <code>pathlib</code> differently.try: <code>pip install pathlib</code> and <code>import pathlib</code>
if it doesn't work then try
<code>pip3 install pathlib</code></p> |
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Stackoverflow question:
How can I resize a mask and RGB image to match by cropping out unwanted regions in both images<p>I am working on a cell counting project with a histology dataset ... | <p>** My Answer **
Here is how I resolved this issue for anyone who might face similar challenges.</p>
<p>Firstly, I ensured my file names match that from the CSV by simply adding the suffix '.png' to the <code>fovname </code> column of the CSV.</p>
<pre><code>df['fovname'] = df['fovname'].astype(str)+ '.png'
print (li... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Is it a good idea to have functions whose sole purpose it is to call another function?<p>I wrote code for a Tree traversal. In the Binary_tree class, I wrote thre... | <p>Your friend is wrong.</p>
<p>Your function (like <code>inorder_traversal</code>) is not just calling another function: it also disallows the caller to pass any arguments, which are none of their business (<code>current_node</code>, <code>visited_node</code>). And this makes it a good decision to have a clean public ... |
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Stackoverflow question:
How to create random graph where each node has at least 1 edge using Networkx<p>I've managed to create a random undirected weighted graph for testing with Dijkstr... | <p>There doesn't seem to be a <a href="https://networkx.github.io/documentation/networkx-1.10/reference/generators.html" rel="noreferrer">NetworkX graph generator</a> to directly generate a graph that fulfills such requirement.</p>
<p>However, you could <em>tweak</em> a little bit the approach used in <a href="https:/... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Reseting a cooldown of a command in discord.py<p>I have been trying to figure out if there is some thing in discord.py or python that would reset a cooldown of a ... | <p>A cooldown can be reset with Discord's build in feature: <code>reset_cooldown</code>, in your case, it will reset the math command cooldown so the user would be able to use it instantly again.</p>
<p>Simply append the to the point where the command should have it's cooldown removed.</p>
<pre><code>math.reset_cooldow... |
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Stackoverflow question:
How to clean a tox environment after running?<p>I have the following <code>tox.ini</code> file:</p>
<pre><code>[tox]
envlist = flake8,py{35,36,37,38}{,-keyring}
... | <p>I found a way by creating a tox hook. This hook runs the <code>shutil.rmtree</code> command after the tests have been run inside the env.</p>
<p>In a <code>tox_clean_env.py</code> file:</p>
<pre><code>import shutil
from tox import hookimpl
@hookimpl
def tox_runtest_post(venv):
try:
shutil.rmtree(venv.... |
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Stackoverflow question:
OR Tools - Creating Distance Matrix<p>I am using Google OR Tools for solving the capacitated vehicle routing problem with pickups and deliveries. I am importing d... | <p>Following is my eventual solution:</p>
<ol>
<li><p>Store the results in Panda's DataFrame</p>
<pre><code> with sqlConn.cursor() as cursor:
cursor.execute(f'EXEC [dbo].[get_Active_Tasks_Origin_Destination_v2] ?', str(tenantid_num))
df = pd.DataFrame.from_records(cursor.fetchall(), columns = [desc[0] for des... |
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Stackoverflow question:
getting TypeError: write() argument must be str, not list when trying to add text from 1 file to another<p>I got 2 text files with lists <code>text1.txt</code></p... | <p>When you do</p>
<pre><code>t2.insert(2, t1)
</code></pre>
<p>you're creating a nested list. <code>t2</code> looks like</p>
<pre><code>["Lydia", "Marie", ["Pig", "Goat", "Duck", ...], "Mike"]
</code></pre>
<p><code>writelines()</code> expects a flat list of ... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Matplotlib with variable upper limit<p>I need to contourplot one huge expression which is:</p>
<pre><code>I = 1j # imaginary unit
Psi = (0.1743261076e-2-0.174326... | <p>You could use a masked array in order to mask <code>AA</code> value where a specific condition is met, in your case <code>y > 0.1*cos(x)</code>.<br />
So, from <code>AA</code> you can get:</p>
<pre><code>AA_masked = np.ma.array(AA.real, mask = (y > 0.1*cos(x)))
</code></pre>
<p>And then you can plot it:</p>
<p... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Making ZeroDivisionError print out a string of text<p>I have to create this average procedure..</p>
<pre><code>def averageyield(cowcodes,milking):
for code i... | <p>You can use an <code>if</code> statement</p>
<pre><code>if count != 0:
average = total / count
else:
print('Count is 0')
</code></pre>
<p>or use <code>try</code></p>
<pre><code>try:
average = total / count
except ZeroDivisionError:
print('Count is 0')
</code></pre> |
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Stackoverflow question:
matplotlib showing strange diagrams<p>I'm trying to get a plot to show the avg temperature throughout the year. I need my x axis to be May through April. I am a... | <p><strong>Edit:</strong> The first argument in <code>plt.plot(x, y)</code> i.e. <code>x</code> should have distinct values. This weird diagram was the result of having non-distinct values in <code>x</code>.</p>
<p><code>plt.xticks(sTemp, sDate)</code> should be <code>plt.xticks(sDate)</code>. But, I'm not sure if you... |
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Stackoverflow question:
python-requests: What is different here between my python script and their curl command?<p>There is some <a href="https://www.deviantart.com/developers/http/v1/20... | <p>The following code will work.</p>
<pre><code>import requests
url = "https://www.deviantart.com/api/v1/oauth2/collections/folders/create"
payload={'folder': 'Awesome Collection',
'access_token': 'ba4550889c8c36c8d82093906145d9fd66775c959030d3d772'}
files=[]
headers = {}
response = requests.request("... |
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Stackoverflow question:
How to create a date partitioned table while using a loadjob in google Bigquery?<p>Would someone be able to explain how to create date partitioned table while usi... | <p>I don't know whether it will help, but you can use the following sample to load job with partition:</p>
<pre><code>from datetime import datetime, time
from concurrent import futures
import math
from pathlib import Path
from google.cloud import bigquery
def run_query(self, query_job_config):
time_partitioning = b... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Creating an Sqlalchemy table within a row to save chess move set<p>I have a table of games and I want to save the moves made in each game within this table. The o... | <p>This is a question more about the basic database design. You could think how to design this kind of requirements with just database without sqlalchemy? Relationships between tables, here Game->Move, is a one-to-many relationship which should be declared in the database table also. See <a href="https://database.g... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Print strings from a sublist with no quotes and in new lines (no commas)<p>Context: I'm trying to print a sub list of genes without commas, in new lines and witho... | <p>The strings in your list has quotes. You can use <code>strip.('"')</code> to get rid of the surrounding quotes in your string:</p>
<pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>gene_list = [['"geneName"','"STEAP2"', '"ADGRF4"', '"SNED1"', '"PF4V1"', '"CEA... |
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Stackoverflow question:
How to convert one particular text column in data-frame to 'utf-8' using python3<p>I have a dataframe which multiple columns and one column contains <strong>scrap... | <p>Assuming what you wrote for the example where the second line is <code>df['text'] = df['text']</code> ends in <code>'</code>. In other words, <code>b'#Thank you, it\xe2\x80\x99s good to be here....'</code>:</p>
<p>For some reason you have byte code that has been cast to a string because you see <code>AttributeError... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Calculating Compound Interest<p>I am trying to calculate compound interest but I could not be succesfull to write that. How can I fix the code?</p>
<p>Here is my ... | <p>The formula <code>P(n+1) = (1+i)P(n)</code> should give you a hint that either a loop or recursion is needed. Here's a recursive example:</p>
<pre><code>def compound_interest(p0, i, goal):
# Goal is reached - end recursion
if p0 >= goal: return 0
# Compute interest
p0 += p0 * i
# Call recursively. The +... |
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Stackoverflow question:
How to change a particular char in a string?<p>I am creating a discord bot that gives me gif when I say !gif in a particular channel. The problem I am facing is w... | <p>Try this, it might work</p>
<p>You can just use the "replace" as follows</p>
<pre><code>elif tokens.__contains__("#"):
token=token.replace("#","%23")
</code></pre> |
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Stackoverflow question:
Why is my programming assuming an event binding is a string?<p><a href="https://pastebin.com/LLchMWb6" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Here is the entirety of my code (... | <p>You forgot to pass the event in, therefore it's using the default event which you defined as the string <code>"<Motion>"</code>. To fix it, pass in the event object (which you have named <code>x2</code>):</p>
<pre><code>c.bind_all("<Motion>", lambda x2: player.mouse_movement(180, x2))... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Django : stop access to my web app from being accessed on port 8000 and access only using the IP<p>I have deployed my Django web app on a digital ocean droplet. T... | <p>Okay I was missing a point here that I don't need to run Django server as well when I have configured Apache web server to serve my requests. All request are served by the mod_wsgi Apache module. The mod_wsgi package provides an Apache module that implements a WSGI compliant interface for hosting Python based web ap... |
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Stackoverflow question:
escaping square brackets from string in dataframe<p>I have a dataframe where i am try to clean the data from all cols. There are some annomalies in teh data like ... | <p>It works for me. I think the reason why you previously got remaining square brackets was because you didn't include the escape character <code>\</code> (back slash).</p>
<pre><code>df = pd.DataFrame({'data1':['[n], [ta], [cb]']})
</code></pre>
<p>Without escape characters:</p>
<pre><code>df['data1'].str.replace(r&qu... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Submitting binary data as a file via post request<p>I know how to submit a post request with a file.</p>
<pre><code>files = {'file': open('local.pdf', 'rb')}
r =... | <p>You can use <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/io.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">io.BytesIO</a> to do that.</p>
<p>Here is an example:</p>
<pre><code>rawData = io.BytesIO(b"Some data: \x00\x01") # Change the content
files = {'file': rawData}
r = requests.post(url, files=files)
</code></pre> |
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Stackoverflow question:
How to shorten mysql join query to avoid manual typing of each row?<p>I have a table that gets new rows for eg. I'd add more than 100 features like phone_number, ... | <p>I think you could do this in two steps.</p>
<p>First, you need to get all the columns of the <code>processed_donors</code> table. Then you can use this result to build your query string.</p>
<pre><code>read_cur.execute('DESCRIBE processed_donors')
describe_result = read_cur.fetchall()
column_names = [row[0] for ro... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Python: how to make a loop to copy data from different Excel files into a new one in an iterative way with pandas<p>I need to copy data from different Excel files... | <p>You should open the output file in append mode like so:</p>
<pre><code>with pd.ExcelWriter("Output.xlsx", engine='openpyxl', mode='a') as writer:
ws = os.path.splitext(fn)[0]
fx.to_excel(writer, sheet_name=ws)
</code></pre> |
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Stackoverflow question:
Invalid Syntax jose.py<p>I was trying to use jose library for authentication for one of my flask apps.
using the import statement as follows</p>
<pre><code>from j... | <p>installing python-jose instead of jose fixed my problem.
<a href="https://pypi.org/project/python-jose/" rel="noreferrer">https://pypi.org/project/python-jose/</a></p> |
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Stackoverflow question:
Printing Rows to Excel File in a For Loop - Python<p>I have a for loop that loops through a set of students in a dataframe and gets back their ID and Attendance:<... | <p>The problem is well explained in this tutorial: <a href="https://thispointer.com/python-pandas-how-to-add-rows-in-a-dataframe-using-dataframe-append-loc-iloc/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">How to add rows in a DataFrame using dataframe.append() & loc[] , iloc[]</a> or <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Adding single quotes to a value of a variable<p>Suppose we have a variable <code> foo = "text" </code>. How would you transform it to <code> foo = '&quo... | <p>Add the double quotation marks around it: <code>'"' + foo + '"'</code>. Or <code>f'"{foo}"'</code>, if you prefer format strings.</p> |
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Stackoverflow question:
How to set the columns in a dataframe even when one of the columns doesn't exist?<p>I am compiling a list of dataframes from ReST endpoints (so from json results)... | <p>You can do something like this:</p>
<pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
data = {'col_1': [3, 2, 1, 0], 'col_2': ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']}
df_t = pd.DataFrame(data)
final_columns = ['col_1', 'col_2', 'col_3']
for col in final_columns:
if col not in df_t.columns:
... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Is there a way to contain web elements with different attributes in the same variable?<p>This isn't absolutely necessary but it would make the code a lot shorter ... | <p>If using XPath is the only option, you could take advantage of using logical operators in your selectors for your elements.</p>
<p>For example the following XPath:
<code>//div[starts-with(@class, 'myclass')]|//div[starts-with(@class, 'myclass active')]</code></p>
<p>The above XPath says 'find all div tags which have... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Extract all the certificates from a file in python<p>I am new to python. I have a file with trusted CA certificates. File can have any number of certificates in t... | <p>If you want to find sub-strings within a given string, then use the "re" module. </p>
<pre><code>import re
start = '-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----'
end = '-----END CERTIFICATE-----'
contents = open(FILENAME).read()
certificates = re.findall(f'{start}(.*?){end}',contents,re.DOTALL)
</code></pre>
<... |
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Stackoverflow question:
How to create an indicator column to indicate specific change from a previous entry in a dataframe?<p><strong>The Situation:</strong></p>
<p>I currently have a ha... | <p>You can compare actual values for eqaul by <a href="http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.Series.eq.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><code>Series.eq</code></a> with shifted per groups by <a href="http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.core.groupby.DataFrameGroupBy.... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Lambda function for filtering RDD in Spark(Python) - check if element not empty string<p>I have the following RDD</p>
<p><code>2019-09-24,Debt collection,transwor... | <p>You are getting the error :</p>
<blockquote>
<p>IndexError: list index out of range</p>
</blockquote>
<p>because you are trying to access the index <code>2</code> of a list (the result of your split) which may not exist if some rows in your dataset only have Date or Date and Label or are empty or may have formatting... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Pivot a pandas df in a specific way<p>I have the following dataset and I would like to make some major adjustments (pivot the data in a certain way). (The day goe... | <p>here is one way to do it. use melt to stack the DF, sort and then split the date into year and month</p>
<pre><code>
df2=df.melt(id_vars=['Series ID','View Description' ],
var_name='date',
value_name='value'
).sort_values(['View Description','Series ID'])
df2['year']=pd.to_datet... |
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Stackoverflow question:
TypeError: 'int' object is not callable - Python beginner<p>I'm a fairly new programmer and I started learning Python. I've given myself the task of programming a... | <p><code>self.attack</code> is an integer. You set it in <code>__init__</code> part of the class. Rename either the attack function or this number.</p> |
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Stackoverflow question:
Create a "sample by sample" model in Keras<p>I want to create a Model in Keras that can learn "sample by sample"; this type of machine is called <a href="https://... | <p>In Keras batch size has nothing to do with how data is fed in. Batch size determines how many parallel samples are going to be fed into the network per gradient update. A more clear explanation of batch size depends on what the network is. For example in a stateful RNN, batch size of N means the input tensor contain... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Why am I getting an attribute error? How can I fix it?<pre><code>from sklearn import datasets
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.pr... | <p>you can print out the columns keys like than print any columns by it's key</p>
<pre><code>keys= diabetes.keys()
print(keys)
feature_labels = diabetes["data"]
print(feature_labels)
</code></pre>
<p>or If you want to loop through the keys you can do something like this</p>
<pre><code>for key in diabetes.key... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Anaconda prompt won't download sparsesvd - Command errored out with exit status 1<p>In Python, I want to use the <code>sparsesvd</code> <a href="https://pypi.org/... | <p>After I downloaded the <a href="https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/downloads/#build-tools-for-visual-studio-2019" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Visual Studios build tools</a> it worked for me</p> |
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Stackoverflow question:
Average a python dataframe column based on another column<p>I would like to take the average of column b when the corresponding value in column a is > 5</p>
<p... | <p><code>df['col_a' > 5]</code></p>
<p>This tries to check if the string <code>'col_a'</code> is <code>> 5</code>, which can't be done.</p>
<p>You meant <code>df[df['col_a'] > 5]['col_b'].mean()</code></p> |
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Stackoverflow question:
Im trying to use try and except to accept only strings but it doesnt run, What am i doing wrong<p>Trying to use <code>try</code> and <code>except</code> to accept... | <p><code>str.lower()</code> doesn't throw error when you pass a string of numbers. So, your <code>try-except</code> is not working.</p>
<pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>>>> str.lower('ASD123')
>>> 'asd123'
>>> str.lower('123')
>>> '123'
</code></pre>
<p>To get your des... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Selecting patterns in character sequence using regex<p>I would need to select all the accounts were 3 (or more) consecutive characters are identical and/or includ... | <p>Give this a try</p>
<pre><code>n = 3 #for 3 chars repeating
pat = f'([a-zA-Z])\\1{{{n-1}}}|(\\d)+' #need `{{` to pass a literal `{`
df_final = df[df.Account.str.findall(pat).astype(bool)]
Out[101]:
Account
0 aaa12
1 43qas
2 42134dfsdd
</code></pre> |
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Stackoverflow question:
How to visualize ludwig library models learning curves programatically?<p>I am using Uber's <a href="https://github.com/uber/ludwig" rel="nofollow noreferrer">lud... | <p>I was able to run the same code without changing it. I just updated the version of ludwig but I am not sure if that was the solution to my problem. I kept using this piece of code and it worked:</p>
<pre><code>import ludwig
ludwig.visualize.learning_curves(
[train_stats],
TARGET,
model_names=None,
output_dir... |
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Stackoverflow question:
deleting characters using backspace<p>I'm creating a text box class with a method that updates its text. It has the user's keyboard input as parameter, <code>keys... | <p>You should not modify the iterable inside its loop.</p>
<p>I was approached this problem within 3 steps:</p>
<ul>
<li>Merged <code>text</code> and <code>keys</code> first</li>
<li>Count and collect index of backspace chars and effected normal chars</li>
<li>Deleted both of them in the merged object in reversed order... |
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Stackoverflow question:
replace duplicate values in a list with white space<p>Say I have a <strong>sorted</strong> list, and I want to keep each value in the list for once.</p>
<pre><cod... | <p>If the list is sorted, the simplest is to use <code>itertools.groupby</code> to convert every subsequence, then stitch them together:</p>
<pre><code>from itertools import groupby
new_a = [x for k, v in groupby(a) for x in [k] + [' '] * (sum(1 for __ in v) - 1)]
</code></pre> |
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Stackoverflow question:
SQL Server 2017 MLS and pip - cannot uninstall <package>: “It is a distutils installed project”<p>I know my question is similar to others out there, but its also ... | <p>When SQL 2017 MLS does the initial installation, it functions as the package manager. So when Pip comes along and tries to update the distutil packages, the packages dont recognize Pip as having authority to update the packages.</p>
<p>This also effectively means that MLS has a hard limitation with any packages that... |
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Stackoverflow question:
How to reduce the iteration of this loop<p>I have the below loop in my program which check for two arrays. If value in "status" array is FAILED then it ... | <p>You don't need to loop on x, and y separately.
Also you are counting double each time <code>t=="failed"</code>. Is not clear if that's is what you want.</p>
<pre><code>for t,g in zip(status, uniqueid):
count1 += 1
if t == "FAILED":
api_endpoint = f"https://dummywebsite.com/XX... |
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Stackoverflow question:
How to create a child SQL-Alchemy instance from a parent instance?<p>I have two models, <code>Signal</code> and <code>Trade</code>. My <code>Trade</code> object i... | <p>If both the <code>Signal</code> class and the <code>Trade</code> class share the same database columns and the only way they differ is in the methods defined on the classes, then it makes sense to use a single table inheritance model.</p>
<p>As Flask-SQLAlchemy magically defines table names if you don't define them... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Animate my output trajectory to be a moving line<p>I am very much a novice but using python for my master's thesis.</p>
<p>I have a .csv of x and y coordinates gr... | <p>You can try this:</p>
<pre><code>import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.animation import FuncAnimation
import pandas as pd
# a sample dataframe with coordinates of random movement
xy = np.random.normal(0, 1, (100, 2)).cumsum(axis=0)
df = pd.DataFrame(xy, columns=["x", "y&... |
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Stackoverflow question:
How to custom sort a list?<p>Is there a way to make my own sort list?</p>
<p>like I want to sort this :</p>
<pre><code>['planets', 'animals', 'humans']
['animals'... | <p>I've had to do something similar. Place each item into a list with the preferred order:</p>
<pre><code>ordering_list = ['humans', 'planets', 'animals']
</code></pre>
<p>Translate this list into a dict of item versus priority</p>
<pre><code>ordering_dict = {item: i for i, item in enumerate(ordering_list)}
</code></pr... |
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Stackoverflow question:
store password in cloud9 environment<p>I started to use cloud9 and use Python code like this:</p>
<pre><code>from getpass4 import getpass
DB_PASSWORD = getpass('... | <p>We don't store passwords in Cloud9 and you neither have to push then to Git. The recommended way of storing secrets is to use an integration from another service from AWS.</p>
<p>AWS provides multiple services for storing credentials, for example:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://docs.aws.amazon.com/systems-manager/lat... |
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Stackoverflow question:
pexpect capturing muliple commands output<p>I am trying to understand pexpect module and trying to print multiple commands output. but it's not giving the result ... | <p>If you want to remove <code>@ubuntu: ~</code>, etc. from output then you sould use <code>.*</code> in <code>expect()</code> to get full line - and this should remove it from output</p>
<pre><code> child.expect('bhreddy1@ubuntu:.*')
</code></pre>
<hr />
<pre><code>import pexpect
def main():
child = pe... |
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Stackoverflow question:
How do I get the correct $PATHs for remote Python Fabric Access?<p>I am writing a python program that establishes a ssh connection to a server.
For this I am usin... | <p>I found the solution:
I got to run <code>source /etc/profile</code> with fabric in order to get my correct PATHs.</p>
<p>Found out by reading:
<a href="https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html#Bash-Startup-Files" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html#Bash-Startup-File... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Quart/Flask render_template return compact json<p>I'm using Quart (which essentially Flask for HTTP/2) to serve some JSON content. The JSON content resides in th... | <p>The <code>render_template</code> will return a string which you can then parse as JSON and return from the route. This will then return a JSON response using the app's JSON configuration values, <a href="https://gitlab.com/jaytuck/quart/-/blob/main/src/quart/config.py#L19" rel="nofollow noreferrer">the defaults are ... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Optparse of python<p>I am new to optparse of python and tried the following:</p>
<pre><code>def plot():
x=[1,2,3]
y=[4,5,6]
plt.plot(x,y)
plt.sav... | <p>Check out the <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/optparse.html#defining-a-callback-option" rel="nofollow noreferrer">documentation</a>:</p>
<p>When using <code>callback</code>, you supply a function that is used to process the incoming argument, this function is called with four arguments: <code>option, opt... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Merge all file .pkl to one file .pkl Python3<p>I have file pickle in some folder. 1 Folder will have many file pickle and it will update everyday.</p>
<p>For exam... | <p>If you have dictionari file, just load it in 1 variable then convert to pkl data.</p>
<pre><code>import os
import pickle
folder='signature/'
db = {}
for filename in os.listdir(folder):
if filename.endswith('.pkl'):
myfile = open(folder+filename,"rb")
db[os.path.splitext(filename)[0... |
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Stackoverflow question:
Delete the rows matching specific strings in multiple columns with "And" condition<p>I'm trying to drop the rows matching specific strings in specific columns. I ... | <p>Try this</p>
<p><code>df = df[(~df.Science.str.match('Poor')) | (~df.Maths.str.match('Bad'))]</code></p>
<pre><code> Student Science English Maths
0 A Good Good Good
2 C Avg Good Avg
4 E Poor Avg Avg
5 D Poor Good Good
</code></pre>
<p>You can also have a ... |
Please answer the following Stackoverflow question on Python. Answer it like you are a developer answering Stackoverflow questions.
Stackoverflow question:
Using a loop to get a sum of computed values (using column math) for each dataframe entry in pandas<p>I have the following data frame:</p>
<p><a href="https://i.s... | <p>Here one thing to note use <code>np.log<i> or math.log</code> <code>where is <i> base what ever you want</code> if you don't have any custom implementation <code>log</code> function.<br />
<code>zr</code> should to change to <code>18</code> as per your statement formula</p>
<pre><code>log(df['s_i']/df['s... |
Please answer the following Stackoverflow question on Python. Answer it like you are a developer answering Stackoverflow questions.
Stackoverflow question:
pandas way to get incremented count of occurrences<p>I made the following code </p>
<pre><code>df['C'] = 1
for i in range(1,len(df)):
if (df.loc[i-1, 'A'] ==... | <p>you can use <a href="https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.core.groupby.GroupBy.cumcount.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">GroupBy.cumcount</a> like this:</p>
<p>initial df:</p>
<pre><code>+----+----+----------+
| | A | B |
+----+----+----------+
| 0 | a | unico |
| 1 | b... |
Please answer the following Stackoverflow question on Python. Answer it like you are a developer answering Stackoverflow questions.
Stackoverflow question:
How to extract desired sections from a JSON string<p>I want to know how to clean up my data to better understand it so that I can know how to sift through the dat... | <p>I'm not sure how you arrived at this csv file, but the easiest way would be to get the json directly with requests, load it as a dict and process it. Nonetheless a solution for the current file would be:</p>
<pre><code>import requests
import pandas as pd
import json
r = requests.get('https://docs.google.com/spread... |
Please answer the following Stackoverflow question on Python. Answer it like you are a developer answering Stackoverflow questions.
Stackoverflow question:
Input tensor is passed to custom layer with wrong shape<p>I am trying to create a custom keras layer. This layer will be added to a trained model before deploymen... | <p>I was able to fix the problem. It was a combination of three problems:</p>
<ol>
<li><p>The predict function requires the input to be a batch. So I had to create a 2d array with one row and 64 columns.</p>
</li>
<li><p>You need to use tf.boolean_mask to apply a mask on tensors.</p>
</li>
<li><p>Layer variables should... |
Please answer the following Stackoverflow question on Python. Answer it like you are a developer answering Stackoverflow questions.
Stackoverflow question:
How to enable the pathlib.Path autocompletion in VSCode editor?<p>I have noticed a beautiful new feature in the python interactive window when using pathlib.Path ... | <p>This seems to be a requirement for new functions.There is no way to get prompt in<code>.py</code> file at present.I submitted it in <a href="https://github.com/microsoft/vscode-python/issues/19616" rel="nofollow noreferrer">GitHub</a> and look forward to their reply.</p>
<p>Of course, you can also try to use <strong... |
Please answer the following Stackoverflow question on Python. Answer it like you are a developer answering Stackoverflow questions.
Stackoverflow question:
How To Extract Password Protected Rar File Using Patool On Google Colab<p>I have installed patool on Google Colab. The patool command works file with:</p>
<pre><... | <p>For 7z, you can use</p>
<pre><code>! 7z e -pPASSWORD "path/to/file.zip"
</code></pre>
<p>to extract a file with password.</p> |
Please answer the following Stackoverflow question on Python. Answer it like you are a developer answering Stackoverflow questions.
Stackoverflow question:
Downgrading tensorflow version on colab<p>Im having problems installing an older version of tensorflow on colab. I tried the solution suggested on <a href="https:... | <p>You can use this for TF1</p>
<pre><code>%tensorflow_version 1.x
import tensorflow as tf
</code></pre>
<p>You can check the version</p>
<pre><code>print(tf.__version__)
</code></pre> |
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