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Guha had done earlier. This is, however,
not so put in the Tulasidas Ramayana
which is a poem of pure bhakti. There is
nothing that was not within the knowledge
of rishis. How then could Bharadwaja (in
the Tulasidas Ramayana) entertain any
doubt about Bharata?
Kamban,
the
Tamil
poet
of
the
Ramayana, follows Valmiki closely not
only here but in many other places where
Tulasidas
differs.
Although
Kamban
carefully follows Valmiki, he adds many
beautiful
passages
out
of
his
own
imagination. With a touch here and a
touch there, Kamban manages skilfully to
disentangle many knots. The changes he
makes are very few, while Tulasidas deals
freely with the story, taking such liberties
as he likes with the story as a great bhakta
may who has made his god his own by
self-forgetting surrender.
Following
Valmiki,
Kamban
reports
the conversation between Bharadwaja and
Bharata and very beautifully expresses
Bharata's indignation.
We may not, reading it all today,
appreciate
Bharadwaja's
doubts
about
innocent Bharata. Such suspicion was
perfectly natural to Guha, but not so in a
wise rishi. Valmiki makes the rishi justify
himself saying: "Don't I know you, young
prince? I put you these questions only the
more clearly to reveal your innocence."
Valmiki
pictures
rishis
not
as
omniscient sages, but as very human wise
men and seekers after truth, liable to love
and fear somewhat like the rest of us. Just
as Valmiki delineates Rama as a hero
rather than as an avatar, so he makes
Bharadwaja doubt Bharata because of his
tender affection for Rama. Bound by his
attachment to Rama, he hurts Bharata.
Seeing the latter suffer, he at once
consoles him with an explanation.
All Valmiki's characters are human
beings with heightened human qualities. It
is only under great stress or in exceptional
circumstances that divinity shines faintly
through the human nature. In the time of
Tulasidas, bhakti had reached its noonday
height. It shone dispelling every shade.
Though bhakti predominates in Kamban's
picture also, he contrives to retain the
humanity of Valmiki's characters and in
places makes them even more beautiful.
Bharadwaja, after making the usual
personal inquiries, asked Bharata: "Why
did you leave your kingly duties and go
over here? Should you not stay in
Ayodhya? Listening to his young wife,
Dasaratha ordered Rama to live for
fourteen years in the forest and the prince
accordingly left the city with his brother
and Sita. Do you feel that even now the
way is not clear for your rule and have
you come to complete what Dasaratha
began and make assurance doubly sure?"
Hearing these words, Bharata wept.
The tears gushed and he could hardly
speak. "Death," he said, "would be better
than such a life as this."
"Do you doubt me, master?" he asked.
"Do not blame me for what was done by
my mother in my absence without my
knowledge or consent. I have come now