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key points : dna replication is semiconservative . each strand in the double helix acts as a template for synthesis of a new , complementary strand . new dna is made by enzymes called dna polymerases , which require a template and a primer ( starter ) and synthesize dna in the 5 ' to 3 ' direction . during dna replicat... | as the dna opens , two y-shaped structures called replication forks are formed , together making up what 's called a replication bubble . the replication forks will move in opposite directions as replication proceeds . how does replication actually get going at the forks ? helicase is the first replication enzyme to lo... | when and how the replication terminates ? |
key points : dna replication is semiconservative . each strand in the double helix acts as a template for synthesis of a new , complementary strand . new dna is made by enzymes called dna polymerases , which require a template and a primer ( starter ) and synthesize dna in the 5 ' to 3 ' direction . during dna replicat... | once the rna primer is in place , dna polymerase `` extends '' it , adding nucleotides one by one to make a new dna strand that 's complementary to the template strand . leading and lagging strands in e. coli , the dna polymerase that handles most of the synthesis is dna polymerase iii . there are two molecules of dna ... | i dont't get this , under the heading `` leading and lagging strands '' its written that polymerase in lagging strand comes off and reattach on newly exposed dna whereas under the heading `` the maintenance and cleanup crew '' its written that the protein sliding clamp keeps polymerase ( in lagging strand ) from floati... |
key points : dna replication is semiconservative . each strand in the double helix acts as a template for synthesis of a new , complementary strand . new dna is made by enzymes called dna polymerases , which require a template and a primer ( starter ) and synthesize dna in the 5 ' to 3 ' direction . during dna replicat... | topoisomerase works at the region ahead of the replication fork to prevent supercoiling . primase synthesizes rna primers complementary to the dna strand . dna polymerase iii extends the primers , adding on to the 3 ' end , to make the bulk of the new dna . | the basis for copying genetic information is complementary ? |
key points : dna replication is semiconservative . each strand in the double helix acts as a template for synthesis of a new , complementary strand . new dna is made by enzymes called dna polymerases , which require a template and a primer ( starter ) and synthesize dna in the 5 ' to 3 ' direction . during dna replicat... | there are two molecules of dna polymerase iii at a replication fork , each of them hard at work on one of the two new dna strands . dna polymerases can only make dna in the 5 ' to 3 ' direction , and this poses a problem during replication . a dna double helix is always anti-parallel ; in other words , one strand runs ... | what does 5 ' and 3 ' actually mean ? |
key points : dna replication is semiconservative . each strand in the double helix acts as a template for synthesis of a new , complementary strand . new dna is made by enzymes called dna polymerases , which require a template and a primer ( starter ) and synthesize dna in the 5 ' to 3 ' direction . during dna replicat... | proteins called single-strand binding proteins coat the separated strands of dna near the replication fork , keeping them from coming back together into a double helix . primers and primase dna polymerases can only add nucleotides to the 3 ' end of an existing dna strand . ( they use the free -oh group found at the 3 '... | why polymerase add nucleotides only to 3 ' ? |
key points : dna replication is semiconservative . each strand in the double helix acts as a template for synthesis of a new , complementary strand . new dna is made by enzymes called dna polymerases , which require a template and a primer ( starter ) and synthesize dna in the 5 ' to 3 ' direction . during dna replicat... | proteins called single-strand binding proteins coat the separated strands of dna near the replication fork , keeping them from coming back together into a double helix . primers and primase dna polymerases can only add nucleotides to the 3 ' end of an existing dna strand . ( they use the free -oh group found at the 3 '... | in lagging strand there is rna primer in5-3 where 5 ` end faces the dna polymerase.. so how the complentary nucleotides are added to it ? |
key points : dna replication is semiconservative . each strand in the double helix acts as a template for synthesis of a new , complementary strand . new dna is made by enzymes called dna polymerases , which require a template and a primer ( starter ) and synthesize dna in the 5 ' to 3 ' direction . during dna replicat... | here are some key features of dna polymerases : they always need a template they can only add nucleotides to the 3 ' end of a dna strand they ca n't start making a dna chain from scratch , but require a pre-existing chain or short stretch of nucleotides called a primer they proofread , or check their work , removing th... | what is the molecule like ovr there ? |
key points : dna replication is semiconservative . each strand in the double helix acts as a template for synthesis of a new , complementary strand . new dna is made by enzymes called dna polymerases , which require a template and a primer ( starter ) and synthesize dna in the 5 ' to 3 ' direction . during dna replicat... | dna polymerase iii extends the primers , adding on to the 3 ' end , to make the bulk of the new dna . rna primers are removed and replaced with dna by dna polymerase i . the gaps between dna fragments are sealed by dna ligase . dna replication in eukaryotes the basics of dna replication are similar between bacteria and... | so why dna polymerase on the lagging strand makes okazaki fragments and uses multiple primers if it ( seemingly ) can just move in opposite direction all the way around ? |
key points : dna replication is semiconservative . each strand in the double helix acts as a template for synthesis of a new , complementary strand . new dna is made by enzymes called dna polymerases , which require a template and a primer ( starter ) and synthesize dna in the 5 ' to 3 ' direction . during dna replicat... | the primer primes dna synthesis , i.e. , gets it started . once the rna primer is in place , dna polymerase `` extends '' it , adding nucleotides one by one to make a new dna strand that 's complementary to the template strand . leading and lagging strands in e. coli , the dna polymerase that handles most of the synthe... | was dna polymerase i named with the `` i '' because it was the first one isolated or because it is necessary on the first nucleotides of a leading strand ? |
key points : dna replication is semiconservative . each strand in the double helix acts as a template for synthesis of a new , complementary strand . new dna is made by enzymes called dna polymerases , which require a template and a primer ( starter ) and synthesize dna in the 5 ' to 3 ' direction . during dna replicat... | to do so , they use a variety of enzymes and proteins , which work together to make sure dna replication is performed smoothly and accurately . dna polymerase one of the key molecules in dna replication is the enzyme dna polymerase . dna polymerases are responsible for synthesizing dna : they add nucleotides one by one... | is there a dna polymerase ii ? |
key points : dna replication is semiconservative . each strand in the double helix acts as a template for synthesis of a new , complementary strand . new dna is made by enzymes called dna polymerases , which require a template and a primer ( starter ) and synthesize dna in the 5 ' to 3 ' direction . during dna replicat... | this makes it necessary for the two new strands , which are also antiparallel to their templates , to be made in slightly different ways . one new strand , which runs 5 ' to 3 ' towards the replication fork , is the easy one . this strand is made continuously , because the dna polymerase is moving in the same direction... | in the paragraph before the last paragraph it says `` one new strand , which runs 5 ' to 3 ' `` is n't that supposed to be 3 ' to 5 ' ? |
key points : dna replication is semiconservative . each strand in the double helix acts as a template for synthesis of a new , complementary strand . new dna is made by enzymes called dna polymerases , which require a template and a primer ( starter ) and synthesize dna in the 5 ' to 3 ' direction . during dna replicat... | the other ( the lagging strand ) is made in small pieces . dna replication requires other enzymes in addition to dna polymerase , including dna primase , dna helicase , dna ligase , and topoisomerase . introduction dna replication , or the copying of a cell 's dna , is no simple task ! | what happens to the helicase after the dna molecule is completely separated ? |
key points : dna replication is semiconservative . each strand in the double helix acts as a template for synthesis of a new , complementary strand . new dna is made by enzymes called dna polymerases , which require a template and a primer ( starter ) and synthesize dna in the 5 ' to 3 ' direction . during dna replicat... | the other ( the lagging strand ) is made in small pieces . dna replication requires other enzymes in addition to dna polymerase , including dna primase , dna helicase , dna ligase , and topoisomerase . introduction dna replication , or the copying of a cell 's dna , is no simple task ! | i am asking because i would like to know what keeps the helicase from unwinding newly formed dna molecules or from destabilizing primers , for example ? |
key points : dna replication is semiconservative . each strand in the double helix acts as a template for synthesis of a new , complementary strand . new dna is made by enzymes called dna polymerases , which require a template and a primer ( starter ) and synthesize dna in the 5 ' to 3 ' direction . during dna replicat... | how does replication actually get going at the forks ? helicase is the first replication enzyme to load on at the origin of replication $ ^3 $ . helicase 's job is to move the replication forks forward by `` unwinding '' the dna ( breaking the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous base pairs ) . | what activates the helicase in the first place ? |
key points : the one gene , one enzyme hypothesis is the idea that each gene encodes a single enzyme . today , we know that this idea is generally ( but not exactly ) correct . sir archibald garrod , a british medical doctor , was the first to suggest that genes were connected to enzymes . beadle and tatum confirmed ga... | sir archibald garrod , a british medical doctor , was the first to suggest that genes were connected to enzymes . beadle and tatum confirmed garrod 's hypothesis using genetic and biochemical studies of the bread mold neurospora . beadle and tatum identified bread mold mutants that were unable to make specific amino ac... | how did beadle and tatum know that only a single gene had been changed when they exposed the bread mold to radiation ? |
key points : the one gene , one enzyme hypothesis is the idea that each gene encodes a single enzyme . today , we know that this idea is generally ( but not exactly ) correct . sir archibald garrod , a british medical doctor , was the first to suggest that genes were connected to enzymes . beadle and tatum confirmed ga... | some genes actually encode functional rna molecules rather than polypeptides ! although the `` one gene-one enzyme '' concept is not perfectly accurate , its core idea – that a gene typically specifies a protein in a one-to-one relationship – remains helpful to geneticists today . | what are some exceptions to the one gene , one protein hypothesis ? |
key points : the one gene , one enzyme hypothesis is the idea that each gene encodes a single enzyme . today , we know that this idea is generally ( but not exactly ) correct . sir archibald garrod , a british medical doctor , was the first to suggest that genes were connected to enzymes . beadle and tatum confirmed ga... | if genes were connected to biochemical enzymes , beadle and tatum reasoned that it should be possible to induce mutations , or changes in genes , that `` broke '' specific enzymes ( and thus , specific pathways ) needed for growth on minimal medium . a neurospora line with such mutation would grow normally on complete ... | would a diploid organism take longer to show the effects of the induced mutation ? |
introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . how so ? well , you may see firsthan... | changes in temperature and ph , as well as the presence of certain chemicals , may disrupt a protein ’ s shape and cause it to lose functionality , a process known as denaturation . amino acids amino acids are the monomers that make up proteins . specifically , a protein is made up of one or more linear chains of amino... | what is the function of amino acid beside forming proteins ? |
introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . how so ? well , you may see firsthan... | in this article , we will look in more detail at the building blocks , structures , and roles of proteins . types and functions of proteins proteins can play a wide array of roles in a cell or organism . here , we ’ ll touch on a few examples of common protein types that may be familiar to you , and that are important ... | what is the approximate number of proteins in a human cell ? |
introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . how so ? well , you may see firsthan... | in this article , we will look in more detail at the building blocks , structures , and roles of proteins . types and functions of proteins proteins can play a wide array of roles in a cell or organism . here , we ’ ll touch on a few examples of common protein types that may be familiar to you , and that are important ... | i was reading a blog recently on the brain and it stated that there were 10 billion proteins in a human cell ? |
introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . how so ? well , you may see firsthan... | while some hormones are steroid-based ( see the article on lipids ) , others are proteins . these protein-based hormones are commonly called peptide hormones . for example , insulin is an important peptide hormone that helps regulate blood glucose levels . | what terminates extension of peptide linkage ? |
introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . how so ? well , you may see firsthan... | the chemical properties and order of the amino acids are key in determining the structure and function of the polypeptide , and the protein it 's part of . but how are amino acids actually linked together in chains ? the amino acids of a polypeptide are attached to their neighbors by covalent bonds known as a peptide b... | for lynsine , any more hydrocarbon backbone added to the hydrocarbon backbone of lynsine makes it unstable and is actually impossible or something ? |
introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . how so ? well , you may see firsthan... | the resulting bond between amino acids is a peptide bond because of the structure of the amino acids , a polypeptide chain has directionality , meaning that it has two ends that are chemically distinct from one another . at one end , the polypeptide has a free amino group , and this end is called the amino terminus ( o... | could this be why the terminus are terminus ? |
introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . how so ? well , you may see firsthan... | the twenty common amino acids are shown in the chart below , with their r groups highlighted in blue . the properties of the side chain determine an amino acid ’ s chemical behavior ( that is , whether it is considered acidic , basic , polar , or nonpolar ) . for example , amino acids such as valine and leucine are non... | should i make any distinction between the qualities : non-polar and hydrophobic or polar and hydrophilic ? |
introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . how so ? well , you may see firsthan... | introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . how so ? | can i use these terms interchangeably ; which is to say , am i allowed to say non-polar instead of hydrophobic ? |
introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . how so ? well , you may see firsthan... | here , we ’ ll touch on a few examples of common protein types that may be familiar to you , and that are important in the biology of many organisms ( including us ) . enzymes enzymes act as catalysts in biochemical reactions , meaning that they speed the reactions up . each enzyme recognizes one or more substrates , t... | if enzymes are proteins , and they can function as a part of the digestive system , does n't that mean that the enzymes will be breaking down other proteins in the eaten food ? |
introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . how so ? well , you may see firsthan... | in this article , we will look in more detail at the building blocks , structures , and roles of proteins . types and functions of proteins proteins can play a wide array of roles in a cell or organism . here , we ’ ll touch on a few examples of common protein types that may be familiar to you , and that are important ... | so proteins can break down other proteins ? |
introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . how so ? well , you may see firsthan... | in this article , we will look in more detail at the building blocks , structures , and roles of proteins . types and functions of proteins proteins can play a wide array of roles in a cell or organism . here , we ’ ll touch on a few examples of common protein types that may be familiar to you , and that are important ... | so my question is what is the difference between the other macromolecule that was called a lipid because of its being hydrophobic and these proteins ? |
introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . how so ? well , you may see firsthan... | for example , amino acids such as valine and leucine are nonpolar and hydrophobic , while amino acids like serine and glutamine have hydrophilic side chains and are polar . some amino acids , such as lysine and arginine , have side chains that are positively charged at physiological ph and are considered basic amino ac... | `` some amino acids , such as lysine and arginine , have side chains that are positively charged at physiological ph and are considered basic amino acids '' '' aspartate and glutamate , on the other hand , are negatively charged at physiological ph and are considered acidic '' what is going on ? |
introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . how so ? well , you may see firsthan... | changes in temperature and ph , as well as the presence of certain chemicals , may disrupt a protein ’ s shape and cause it to lose functionality , a process known as denaturation . amino acids amino acids are the monomers that make up proteins . specifically , a protein is made up of one or more linear chains of amino... | we can call a polypeptite molecule a protein when it has more than hundred amino acids ? |
introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . how so ? well , you may see firsthan... | changes in temperature and ph , as well as the presence of certain chemicals , may disrupt a protein ’ s shape and cause it to lose functionality , a process known as denaturation . amino acids amino acids are the monomers that make up proteins . specifically , a protein is made up of one or more linear chains of amino... | is there an easy way to remember all the names and structures of the 20 amino acids ? |
introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . how so ? well , you may see firsthan... | although the generalized amino acid shown above is shown with its amino and carboxyl groups neutral for simplicity , this is not actually the state in which an amino acid would typically be found . at physiological ph ( $ 7.2 $ $ \mbox { - } $ $ 7.4 $ ) , the amino group is typically protonated and bears a positive cha... | what is the functional group of lysine ? |
introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . how so ? well , you may see firsthan... | there are $ 20 $ types of amino acids commonly found in proteins . amino acids share a basic structure , which consists of a central carbon atom , also known as the alpha ( α ) carbon , bonded to an amino group ( $ \text { nh } _2 $ ) , a carboxyl group ( $ \text { cooh } $ ) , and a hydrogen atom . although the genera... | so how does the level of ph result in the amino group gaining and the carboxyl group losing an hydrogen proton ? |
introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . how so ? well , you may see firsthan... | the resulting bond between amino acids is a peptide bond because of the structure of the amino acids , a polypeptide chain has directionality , meaning that it has two ends that are chemically distinct from one another . at one end , the polypeptide has a free amino group , and this end is called the amino terminus ( o... | is n't tyrosine actually polar because of the hydroxide group , or am i missing something ? |
introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . how so ? well , you may see firsthan... | amino acids share a basic structure , which consists of a central carbon atom , also known as the alpha ( α ) carbon , bonded to an amino group ( $ \text { nh } _2 $ ) , a carboxyl group ( $ \text { cooh } $ ) , and a hydrogen atom . although the generalized amino acid shown above is shown with its amino and carboxyl g... | could you describe the anatomy of an amino acid and where its name originates from ? |
introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . how so ? well , you may see firsthan... | cysteine contains a thiol ( -sh ) group and can form covalent bonds with other cysteines . we 'll see why this is important to protein structure and function in the article on orders of protein structure finally , there are a few other “ non-canonical ” amino acids that are found in proteins only under certain conditio... | what is the function of the non-canonical protein selenocysteine in humans ? |
introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . how so ? well , you may see firsthan... | the twenty common amino acids are shown in the chart below , with their r groups highlighted in blue . the properties of the side chain determine an amino acid ’ s chemical behavior ( that is , whether it is considered acidic , basic , polar , or nonpolar ) . for example , amino acids such as valine and leucine are non... | how do we determine which ones are which ? |
introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . how so ? well , you may see firsthan... | at one end , the polypeptide has a free amino group , and this end is called the amino terminus ( or n-terminus ) . the other end , which has a free carboxyl group , is known as the carboxyl terminus ( or c-terminus ) . the n-terminus is on the left and the c-terminus is on the right for the very short polypeptide show... | am i right in thinking that the extra carboxyl group in aspartate and glutamate causes the `` ate '' ending ? |
introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . how so ? well , you may see firsthan... | introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . | why does tryptophan sound so completely unrelated ? |
introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . how so ? well , you may see firsthan... | cysteine contains a thiol ( -sh ) group and can form covalent bonds with other cysteines . we 'll see why this is important to protein structure and function in the article on orders of protein structure finally , there are a few other “ non-canonical ” amino acids that are found in proteins only under certain conditio... | what is the function and structure of proteins ? |
introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . how so ? well , you may see firsthan... | but how are amino acids actually linked together in chains ? the amino acids of a polypeptide are attached to their neighbors by covalent bonds known as a peptide bonds . each bond forms in a dehydration synthesis ( condensation ) reaction . | is a peptide bond covalent or ionic ? |
introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . how so ? well , you may see firsthan... | changes in temperature and ph , as well as the presence of certain chemicals , may disrupt a protein ’ s shape and cause it to lose functionality , a process known as denaturation . amino acids amino acids are the monomers that make up proteins . specifically , a protein is made up of one or more linear chains of amino... | what are examples of some foods we eat that contain essential amino acids ? |
introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . how so ? well , you may see firsthan... | in this article , we will look in more detail at the building blocks , structures , and roles of proteins . types and functions of proteins proteins can play a wide array of roles in a cell or organism . here , we ’ ll touch on a few examples of common protein types that may be familiar to you , and that are important ... | so what is denaturing in proteins ? |
introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . how so ? well , you may see firsthan... | changes in temperature and ph , as well as the presence of certain chemicals , may disrupt a protein ’ s shape and cause it to lose functionality , a process known as denaturation . amino acids amino acids are the monomers that make up proteins . specifically , a protein is made up of one or more linear chains of amino... | do the plant based proteins have all the amino acids ? |
introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . how so ? well , you may see firsthan... | introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . | was monomer defined in any of the previous resources ? |
introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . how so ? well , you may see firsthan... | how do we go from the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide to the three-dimensional structure of a mature , functional protein ? to learn how interactions between amino acids cause a protein to fold into its mature shape , i highly recommend the video on orders of protein structure . | i just like to ask what determine the form of a mature protein ? |
introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . how so ? well , you may see firsthan... | changes in temperature and ph , as well as the presence of certain chemicals , may disrupt a protein ’ s shape and cause it to lose functionality , a process known as denaturation . amino acids amino acids are the monomers that make up proteins . specifically , a protein is made up of one or more linear chains of amino... | what is the non standard amino acids ? |
introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . how so ? well , you may see firsthan... | proteins come in many different shapes and sizes . some are globular ( roughly spherical ) in shape , whereas others form long , thin fibers . for example , the hemoglobin protein that carries oxygen in the blood is a globular protein , while collagen , found in our skin , is a fibrous protein . a protein ’ s shape is ... | what is a globular protein ? |
introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . how so ? well , you may see firsthan... | changes in temperature and ph , as well as the presence of certain chemicals , may disrupt a protein ’ s shape and cause it to lose functionality , a process known as denaturation . amino acids amino acids are the monomers that make up proteins . specifically , a protein is made up of one or more linear chains of amino... | how does polarity or ph structure the amino acids ? |
introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . how so ? well , you may see firsthan... | the amino acids of a polypeptide are attached to their neighbors by covalent bonds known as a peptide bonds . each bond forms in a dehydration synthesis ( condensation ) reaction . during protein synthesis , the carboxyl group of the amino acid at the end of the growing polypeptide chain chain reacts with the amino gro... | how does condensation reaction apply in your physiology ? |
introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . how so ? well , you may see firsthan... | the twenty common amino acids are shown in the chart below , with their r groups highlighted in blue . the properties of the side chain determine an amino acid ’ s chemical behavior ( that is , whether it is considered acidic , basic , polar , or nonpolar ) . for example , amino acids such as valine and leucine are non... | why are asparagine and glutamine considered polar ? |
introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . how so ? well , you may see firsthan... | aspartate and glutamate , on the other hand , are negatively charged at physiological ph and are considered acidic . a few other amino acids have r groups with special properties , and these will prove to be important when we look at protein structure : proline has an r group that ’ s linked back to its own amino group... | where is the polarity in their r-group ? |
introduction we tend to think of protein as a mass noun : a homogeneous substance , something that your diet should contain in a certain proportion . but if you ever work in a molecular biology lab ( say , for a summer internship ) , protein may start to look very different to you . how so ? well , you may see firsthan... | for example , the hemoglobin protein that carries oxygen in the blood is a globular protein , while collagen , found in our skin , is a fibrous protein . a protein ’ s shape is critical to its function , and , as we ’ ll see in the next article , many different types of chemical bonds may be important in maintaining th... | how does proline effect the shape of a peptide ? |
shocked , titillated , and frightened working during the height of the enlightenment , the so-called “ age of reason , ” the swiss-english painter henry fuseli ( born johann heinrich füssli ) instead chose to depict darker , irrational forces in his famous painting the nightmare . in fuseli ’ s startling composition , ... | the painting has yielded many interpretations and is seen as prefiguring late nineteenth-century psychoanalytic theories regarding dreams and the unconscious ( sigmund freud allegedly kept a reproduction of the painting on the wall of his apartment in vienna ) . incubus or mara the figure that sits upon the woman ’ s c... | does an `` incubator '' that a baby stays in when born have the same root origin as `` incubus '' ? |
shocked , titillated , and frightened working during the height of the enlightenment , the so-called “ age of reason , ” the swiss-english painter henry fuseli ( born johann heinrich füssli ) instead chose to depict darker , irrational forces in his famous painting the nightmare . in fuseli ’ s startling composition , ... | shocked , titillated , and frightened working during the height of the enlightenment , the so-called “ age of reason , ” the swiss-english painter henry fuseli ( born johann heinrich füssli ) instead chose to depict darker , irrational forces in his famous painting the nightmare . in fuseli ’ s startling composition , ... | how does this differ from aquatint as used by francisco goya for his caprichos at about the same time ? |
“ we will sing of great crowds excited by work , by pleasure and by riot ” declared f.t . marinetti in his ‘ founding and manifesto of futurism ’ ( 1909 ) . such crowds were increasingly common in the industrial cities of northern italy , such as milan , where the futurists were based . in this painting carlo carrà com... | carrà ’ s autobiography associated the funeral with the earlier 1904 strikes which had gained a mythological status in the history of italian politics , but in fact the event took place two years later during a smaller strike , as chronicled in the corriere della sera on may 14 , 1906 . writing his memoirs many years l... | how were anarchism and fascism both affiliated with early futurist art ? |
“ we will sing of great crowds excited by work , by pleasure and by riot ” declared f.t . marinetti in his ‘ founding and manifesto of futurism ’ ( 1909 ) . such crowds were increasingly common in the industrial cities of northern italy , such as milan , where the futurists were based . in this painting carlo carrà com... | in this painting carlo carrà commemorates the death of angelo galli during a strike in milan and the subsequent funerary parade to the cemetery , which erupted into violence between anarchists and the police . at the center of the canvas , galli ’ s red coffin is held precariously aloft , surrounded by a chaotic explos... | did the black and red work together to form an anarchist profile ? |
are you amazed yet ? in the angular motion section , we saw some pretty great uses of tangent ( for finding the angle of a vector ) and sine and cosine ( for converting from polar to cartesian coordinates ) . we could stop right here and be satisfied . but we ’ re not going to . this is only the beginning . what sine a... | let ’ s take a look at what the formula yields with those values . | framecount | framecount / period | two_pi * framecount / period | | -- - | -- - | -- - | | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 60 | 0.5 | pi | | 120 | 1 | two_pi | | 240 | 2 | 2 * two_pi ( or 4* pi ) | | etc . | | | framecount divided by period tells us how many cycles we ... | anglemode = `` radians '' ; var y = sin ( two_pi * framecount / 10 ) ; var m = map ( y , -1,1,100,200 ) ; var drawslinky = function ( centerx , starty , endy ) { nofill ( ) ; colormode ( hsb ) ; strokeweight ( 2 ) ; ellipsemode ( center ) ; var overlap = 0.8 ; var space = ( endy/overlap - starty ) /30 ; for ( var i = 0... |
overview in foreign policy , president reagan sought to assert american power in the world . he denounced the soviet union as an “ evil empire , ” and authorized the largest military buildup in us history . reagan 's administration funded anti-communist “ freedom fighters ” in afghanistan , angola , nicaragua , and els... | why do you think reagan chose to speak about the cold war in an address to a religious group ? were the beirut bombings in april and october 1983 precursors to subsequent anti-american actions in the middle east ? | did the special operations rescue of american students studying abroad in grenada occur during the same time frame in which american forces invaded grenada in 1983 ? |
overview in foreign policy , president reagan sought to assert american power in the world . he denounced the soviet union as an “ evil empire , ” and authorized the largest military buildup in us history . reagan 's administration funded anti-communist “ freedom fighters ” in afghanistan , angola , nicaragua , and els... | overview in foreign policy , president reagan sought to assert american power in the world . he denounced the soviet union as an “ evil empire , ” and authorized the largest military buildup in us history . | when exactly did the communists fall ? |
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