Dataset Viewer
Auto-converted to Parquet Duplicate
ff_episode_id
stringlengths
19
19
episode_id
float64
10
2.41M
year
int64
2k
2.03k
month
int64
1
12
month_name
stringclasses
12 values
primary_state
stringclasses
55 values
primary_state_abbrev
stringclasses
55 values
all_states
stringclasses
55 values
n_states
int64
1
1
n_records
int64
1
118
n_cz
int64
1
50
wfos
stringclasses
123 values
begin_dt
stringdate
1996-01-10 17:00:00
2025-11-24 19:45:00
end_dt
stringdate
1996-01-10 23:59:00
2025-11-24 22:30:00
duration_hours
float64
0
673
deaths_direct
int64
0
116
deaths_indirect
int64
0
6
injuries_direct
int64
0
4.32k
injuries_indirect
int64
0
6
damage_property_usd
float64
0
38.3B
damage_crops_usd
float64
0
290M
damage_total_usd
float64
0
38.3B
centroid_lat
float64
-14.35
65.6
centroid_lon
float64
-170.76
158
min_lat
float64
-14.56
65.6
max_lat
float64
-14.35
65.6
min_lon
float64
-171.03
158
max_lon
float64
-170.75
158
n_events_with_coords
int64
0
118
n_location_points
int64
0
468
flood_causes
stringclasses
20 values
episode_narrative
stringlengths
1
27.5k
all_states_abbrev
stringclasses
55 values
begin_date
stringdate
1996-01-10 00:00:00
2025-11-24 00:00:00
end_date
stringdate
1996-01-10 00:00:00
2025-11-24 00:00:00
level
stringclasses
1 value
FF_1996_01_AL_ep001
2,404,566
1,996
1
January
ALABAMA
AL
ALABAMA
1
1
1
BMX
1996-01-26 14:00:00
1996-01-26 18:00:00
4
0
0
0
0
75,000
0
75,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Heavy rain caused flash flooding in the Village Creek area where some people were evacuated. A number of underpasses were flooded in the heavy rain especially on the north side of Birmingham and in the Tarrant area. Shades Creek was out of its banks in the Eastwood Mall area. Additional flash flooding was reported i...
AL
1996-01-26
1996-01-26
L1
FF_1996_01_AL_ep002
1,000,616
1,996
1
January
ALABAMA
AL
ALABAMA
1
1
1
BMX
1996-01-30 21:45:00
1996-01-31 00:00:00
2.25
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Flash flooding was reported in Childersburg where an apartment house was threatened by rising water. Highway 76 from Childersburg to Winterboro was also reported to be flooded.
AL
1996-01-30
1996-01-31
L1
FF_1996_01_CT_ep001
2,036,771
1,996
1
January
CONNECTICUT
CT
CONNECTICUT
1
1
1
BOX
1996-01-19 18:00:00
1996-01-19 21:00:00
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
CT
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_DC_ep001
2,403,644
1,996
1
January
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
DC
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
1
1
1
LWX
1996-01-19 11:00:00
1996-01-19 13:00:00
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
An unusually intense squall line, feeding on an unseasonably warm moist tropical air mass, dumped between 0.8 and 1.2 inches of rain in a two-hour period during the late morning of the 19th. The rain fell on oversaturated soil, a result of the previous night's rapid snow melt, producing flash floods throughout the cit...
DC
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_DE_ep001
1,005,413
1,996
1
January
DELAWARE
DE
DELAWARE
1
1
1
PHI
1996-01-19 09:00:00
1996-01-19 19:00:00
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
The combination of snowmelt from the previous week's two snowstorms, the unseasonably warm temperatures and one to two inches of additional rain all combined to produce flash flooding of roads and streams in the northern half of the county. The Christina River reached flood stage at 9 a.m. on the 19th. After a squall...
DE
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_GA_ep001
2,402,904
1,996
1
January
GEORGIA
GA
GEORGIA
1
1
1
FFC
1996-01-26 22:55:00
1996-01-26 22:55:00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Flooding caused a mudslide.
GA
1996-01-26
1996-01-26
L1
FF_1996_01_GA_ep002
2,404,362
1,996
1
January
GEORGIA
GA
GEORGIA
1
1
1
FFC
1996-01-26 19:00:00
1996-01-26 21:00:00
2
0
0
0
0
20,000
0
20,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Flood waters washed out culverts, a road, and a bridge.
GA
1996-01-26
1996-01-26
L1
FF_1996_01_GA_ep003
2,404,363
1,996
1
January
GEORGIA
GA
GEORGIA
1
1
1
FFC
1996-01-26 20:50:00
1996-01-26 20:50:00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
An apartment complex was evacuated due to high water.
GA
1996-01-26
1996-01-26
L1
FF_1996_01_GA_ep004
2,404,364
1,996
1
January
GEORGIA
GA
GEORGIA
1
1
1
FFC
1996-01-26 21:00:00
1996-01-26 21:00:00
0
0
0
0
0
20,000
0
20,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
An RV park on highway 129 was evacuated due to flood waters. Several roads were closed county-wide when they suffered bridge damage or had culverts washed out.
GA
1996-01-26
1996-01-26
L1
FF_1996_01_GA_ep005
2,402,905
1,996
1
January
GEORGIA
GA
GEORGIA
1
1
1
FFC
1996-01-26 23:00:00
1996-01-27 00:00:00
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Mud slides due to heavy rains were reported in Blairsville.Most creeks were out of their banks.
GA
1996-01-26
1996-01-27
L1
FF_1996_01_GA_ep006
2,404,361
1,996
1
January
GEORGIA
GA
GEORGIA
1
1
1
FFC
1996-01-26 18:00:00
1996-01-26 21:00:00
3
0
0
0
0
30,000
0
30,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Flood waters caused a house to collapse. Humphrey Mill and Mobile roads were washed out and several other roads were closed. Mudslides caused by heavy rains closed Curtis Switch road.
GA
1996-01-26
1996-01-26
L1
FF_1996_01_GA_ep007
2,404,365
1,996
1
January
GEORGIA
GA
GEORGIA
1
1
1
FFC
1996-01-26 22:00:00
1996-01-26 22:00:00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Flood waters caused 4 people to be evacuated from their home.
GA
1996-01-26
1996-01-26
L1
FF_1996_01_GA_ep008
2,404,366
1,996
1
January
GEORGIA
GA
GEORGIA
1
1
1
FFC
1996-01-26 22:00:00
1996-01-26 23:00:00
1
0
0
0
0
10,000
0
10,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Flood waters closed roads in the southern part of the county. Several cars were washed off the road in the northern part of the county.
GA
1996-01-26
1996-01-26
L1
FF_1996_01_GA_ep009
1,000,305
1,996
1
January
GEORGIA
GA
GEORGIA
1
1
1
FFC
1996-01-26 18:00:00
1996-01-26 21:15:00
3.25
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Flood waters closed 25 roads county-wide. 12 people were evacuated from apartments in Calhoun.
GA
1996-01-26
1996-01-26
L1
FF_1996_01_GA_ep010
1,000,306
1,996
1
January
GEORGIA
GA
GEORGIA
1
1
1
FFC
1996-01-26 19:00:00
1996-01-26 19:00:00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Flood waters covered several roadways.
GA
1996-01-26
1996-01-26
L1
FF_1996_01_GA_ep011
2,402,902
1,996
1
January
GEORGIA
GA
GEORGIA
1
1
1
FFC
1996-01-26 16:00:00
1996-01-26 19:30:00
3.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Thunderstorms dumped over 3 inches of rain in the Rome area.Several roads were closed and 2 families were evacuated from apartments on West Butler street.
GA
1996-01-26
1996-01-26
L1
FF_1996_01_GA_ep012
2,402,903
1,996
1
January
GEORGIA
GA
GEORGIA
1
1
1
FFC
1996-01-26 17:00:00
1996-01-26 21:00:00
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Heavy rains and flooding closed as many as 20 roads, many of them secondary. Flood waters forced the evacuation of several people from their homes.
GA
1996-01-26
1996-01-26
L1
FF_1996_01_GA_ep013
2,404,370
1,996
1
January
GEORGIA
GA
GEORGIA
1
1
1
FFC
1996-01-27 01:00:00
1996-01-27 02:30:00
1.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
A mobile home park on Benedict School Road was evacuated. 6 roads were closed.
GA
1996-01-27
1996-01-27
L1
FF_1996_01_GA_ep014
2,404,367
1,996
1
January
GEORGIA
GA
GEORGIA
1
1
1
FFC
1996-01-26 22:43:00
1996-01-26 22:43:00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Flooding was reported at 4 Notch, Strickland, and around Beulah Church roads. Several secondary roads were also flooded.
GA
1996-01-26
1996-01-26
L1
FF_1996_01_GA_ep015
1,000,315
1,996
1
January
GEORGIA
GA
GEORGIA
1
1
1
FFC
1996-01-26 23:30:00
1996-01-26 23:30:00
0
0
0
0
0
10,000
0
10,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Around 3.5 inches of rain caused the concrete block basement wall of a home to collapse. The wall had been previously weakened by Hurricane Opal.
GA
1996-01-26
1996-01-26
L1
FF_1996_01_GA_ep016
2,402,906
1,996
1
January
GEORGIA
GA
GEORGIA
1
1
1
FFC
1996-01-27 00:00:00
1996-01-27 01:15:00
1.25
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Flood waters caused mudslides on Oakgrove and Ridley roads. Clay Creek road was closed due to flooding.
GA
1996-01-27
1996-01-27
L1
FF_1996_01_GA_ep017
2,402,909
1,996
1
January
GEORGIA
GA
GEORGIA
1
1
1
FFC
1996-01-27 00:30:00
1996-01-27 00:30:00
0
0
0
0
0
1,000
0
1,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Flooding caused 7 families to be evacuated at Camp Creek. Mill Road was washed out and several mudslides were reported.
GA
1996-01-27
1996-01-27
L1
FF_1996_01_GA_ep018
2,404,369
1,996
1
January
GEORGIA
GA
GEORGIA
1
1
1
FFC
1996-01-27 00:30:00
1996-01-27 01:15:00
0.75
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Heritage Lake Drive and White Road near Highway 92 in Fayetteville were closed due to flooding. Crabapple Lane in Tyrone was closed.
GA
1996-01-27
1996-01-27
L1
FF_1996_01_HI_ep001
2,032,873
1,996
1
January
HAWAII
HI
HAWAII
1
1
1
HFO
1996-01-25 02:00:00
1996-01-25 06:00:00
4
0
0
0
0
800,000
0
800,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
A mesoscale low was detected by the Kauai WSR-88D during the early evening of the 24th just north of Oahu. Velocity and Storm Relative Velocity products indicated cyclonic circulation from 15 to 20 thousand feet. After 0100 HST on the 25th, the low began a slow drift south over Oahu. Heavy rains occurred over windwa...
HI
1996-01-25
1996-01-25
L1
FF_1996_01_HI_ep002
2,032,868
1,996
1
January
HAWAII
HI
HAWAII
1
1
1
HFO
1996-01-24 14:45:00
1996-01-24 17:00:00
2.25
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Flash flooding briefly closed the Kohala Mountain Road. North Kohala received 2.8 inches of rain, easing the ongoing drought. Nearly 1.5 inches of rain fell at Kealakekua and Honaunau in the South Kona District.
HI
1996-01-24
1996-01-24
L1
FF_1996_01_KY_ep001
2,052,583
1,996
1
January
KENTUCKY
KY
KENTUCKY
1
1
1
ILN
1996-01-24 03:00:00
1996-01-24 07:00:00
4
0
0
0
0
5,000
0
5,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Persistent heavy rainfall caused creeks to overflow their banks and caused many roads to be closed.
KY
1996-01-24
1996-01-24
L1
FF_1996_01_KY_ep002
2,052,584
1,996
1
January
KENTUCKY
KY
KENTUCKY
1
1
1
ILN
1996-01-24 03:00:00
1996-01-24 07:00:00
4
0
0
0
0
5,000
0
5,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Persistent heavy rainfall caused roads to be closed due to creeks rising out of their banks.
KY
1996-01-24
1996-01-24
L1
FF_1996_01_MA_ep001
2,036,750
1,996
1
January
MASSACHUSETTS
MA
MASSACHUSETTS
1
1
1
BOX
1996-01-19 19:00:00
1996-01-19 22:00:00
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Strong to gale force south winds with gusts to 45 to 65 mph nd with isolated gusts to hurricane force preceded a sharp cold front extending from a low pressure system moving east across the northern Great Lakes region. Some peak wind gusts included: Logan International Airport, Boston, 66 mph; Naval Air Station, Sout...
MA
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_MD_ep001
2,029,491
1,996
1
January
MARYLAND
MD
MARYLAND
1
1
1
LWX
1996-01-19 05:00:00
1996-01-19 12:00:00
7
0
0
0
0
1,000,000
0
1,000,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
***Flood/Flash Flood***An unprecedented combination, in recent history, of unseasonably warm, humid air overriding a dense snow pack estimated between 12 and 18 inches (but up to 2 feet or more at higher elevations) caused nearly all of the pack to vanish in a 12-hour period. The unseasonably warm air was drawn northw...
MD
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_MD_ep002
2,029,492
1,996
1
January
MARYLAND
MD
MARYLAND
1
1
1
LWX
1996-01-19 07:00:00
1996-01-19 13:00:00
6
0
0
0
0
500,000
0
500,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
MD
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_MD_ep003
2,029,493
1,996
1
January
MARYLAND
MD
MARYLAND
1
1
1
LWX
1996-01-19 09:00:00
1996-01-19 13:00:00
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
MD
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_MD_ep004
1,001,793
1,996
1
January
MARYLAND
MD
MARYLAND
1
1
1
LWX
1996-01-19 09:00:00
1996-01-19 15:00:00
6
0
0
0
0
5,000
0
5,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
MD
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_MD_ep005
2,032,691
1,996
1
January
MARYLAND
MD
MARYLAND
1
1
1
PHI
1996-01-27 11:00:00
1996-01-27 18:00:00
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Heavy rains once again produced small stream flooding, especially in the northern half of the county. The Big Elk Creek flooded in Elkton forcing the closure of Delaware Avenue and Howard Street. The creek also caused further damage to Meadow Park.
MD
1996-01-27
1996-01-27
L1
FF_1996_01_MD_ep006
2,403,637
1,996
1
January
MARYLAND
MD
MARYLAND
1
1
1
LWX
1996-01-19 09:00:00
1996-01-19 13:00:00
4
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
*** Continuation of this event (several flood/flash flood counties grouped together) continues after the following ***
MD
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_MD_ep007
2,403,638
1,996
1
January
MARYLAND
MD
MARYLAND
1
1
1
LWX
1996-01-19 09:00:00
1996-01-19 13:00:00
4
0
0
0
0
5,000
0
5,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
MD
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_MD_ep008
2,403,641
1,996
1
January
MARYLAND
MD
MARYLAND
1
1
1
LWX
1996-01-19 11:00:00
1996-01-19 15:00:00
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
*** Flood/Flash Flood Summary ***A waterlogged snow pack, ranging (roughly) in depth from 3 to 12 inches, was eaten away when subtropical moisture fed into the region ahead of a strong cold front. The warm moist air mass contained temperatures in the upper 50s and lower 60s, along with relative humidity near 100 perce...
MD
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_MD_ep009
2,403,636
1,996
1
January
MARYLAND
MD
MARYLAND
1
1
1
LWX
1996-01-19 07:00:00
1996-01-19 13:00:00
6
0
0
0
0
300,000
0
300,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
MD
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_MD_ep010
2,032,660
1,996
1
January
MARYLAND
MD
MARYLAND
1
1
1
PHI
1996-01-19 12:00:00
1996-01-19 19:00:00
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
The combination of the melting snow from the previous week's storms, unseasonably warm temperatures and an additional one to two inches of rain caused the flash flooding of several streams throughout the county. Hardest hit were Elkton (Farr Creek overflowed.), North East (Little North East Creek overflowed.) and Risi...
MD
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_MD_ep011
2,403,639
1,996
1
January
MARYLAND
MD
MARYLAND
1
1
1
LWX
1996-01-19 10:00:00
1996-01-19 14:00:00
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
MD
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_MD_ep012
2,403,640
1,996
1
January
MARYLAND
MD
MARYLAND
1
1
1
LWX
1996-01-19 11:00:00
1996-01-19 15:00:00
4
0
0
0
0
5,000
0
5,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
MD
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_MD_ep013
1,005,661
1,996
1
January
MARYLAND
MD
MARYLAND
1
1
1
PBZ
1996-01-19 05:00:00
1996-01-19 19:00:00
14
0
0
0
0
3,000,000
0
3,000,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Moderate rains and a melting snow cover (15-25 inches in the Maryland mountains) on saturated soil released an estimated 3.50 to 4.50 inches of runoff into area streams. The runoff also caused major flooding on the Casselman River in Garrett County. The Casselman River flows into the Youghiogheny River, in southwest Pe...
MD
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_MD_ep014
2,403,635
1,996
1
January
MARYLAND
MD
MARYLAND
1
1
1
LWX
1996-01-19 03:00:00
1996-01-19 12:00:00
9
0
0
0
0
7,000,000
0
7,000,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
MD
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_MD_ep015
2,032,917
1,996
1
January
MARYLAND
MD
MARYLAND
1
1
1
PBZ
1996-01-24 08:45:00
1996-01-24 15:00:00
6.25
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Numerous small streams went out of their banks across the county. Roads were closed in and near Oakland, Gorman, and Bittinger.
MD
1996-01-24
1996-01-24
L1
FF_1996_01_MS_ep001
2,404,228
1,996
1
January
MISSISSIPPI
MS
MISSISSIPPI
1
1
1
JAN
1996-01-26 16:00:00
1996-01-26 17:30:00
1.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Many streets and road were underwater.
MS
1996-01-26
1996-01-26
L1
FF_1996_01_MS_ep002
1,000,061
1,996
1
January
MISSISSIPPI
MS
MISSISSIPPI
1
1
1
JAN
1996-01-26 13:00:00
1996-01-26 15:00:00
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Numerous streets were flooded along with small creeks.
MS
1996-01-26
1996-01-26
L1
FF_1996_01_MS_ep003
1,000,062
1,996
1
January
MISSISSIPPI
MS
MISSISSIPPI
1
1
1
JAN
1996-01-26 13:00:00
1996-01-26 15:00:00
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Several small creeks overflowed their banks and numerous streets were flooded.
MS
1996-01-26
1996-01-26
L1
FF_1996_01_NC_ep001
2,403,471
1,996
1
January
NORTH CAROLINA
NC
NORTH CAROLINA
1
1
1
RNK
1996-01-19 00:45:00
1996-01-19 05:15:00
4.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
NC
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_NC_ep002
2,403,472
1,996
1
January
NORTH CAROLINA
NC
NORTH CAROLINA
1
1
1
RNK
1996-01-19 00:50:00
1996-01-19 04:00:00
3.166667
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
NC
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_NC_ep003
2,029,333
1,996
1
January
NORTH CAROLINA
NC
NORTH CAROLINA
1
1
1
RNK
1996-01-19 03:15:00
1996-01-19 04:15:00
1
0
0
0
0
40,000
0
40,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
NC
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_NC_ep004
2,403,477
1,996
1
January
NORTH CAROLINA
NC
NORTH CAROLINA
1
1
1
RNK
1996-01-19 03:15:00
1996-01-19 05:00:00
1.75
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
NC
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_NJ_ep001
2,032,685
1,996
1
January
NEW JERSEY
NJ
NEW JERSEY
1
1
1
PHI
1996-01-19 12:00:00
1996-01-19 18:00:00
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
NJ
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_NJ_ep002
2,032,683
1,996
1
January
NEW JERSEY
NJ
NEW JERSEY
1
1
1
PHI
1996-01-19 12:00:00
1996-01-19 19:00:00
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
NJ
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_NJ_ep003
2,032,684
1,996
1
January
NEW JERSEY
NJ
NEW JERSEY
1
1
1
PHI
1996-01-19 12:00:00
1996-01-19 19:00:00
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
NJ
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_NJ_ep004
2,032,692
1,996
1
January
NEW JERSEY
NJ
NEW JERSEY
1
1
1
PHI
1996-01-27 17:00:00
1996-01-28 01:00:00
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Another day of heavy rain caused the flash flooding of streams within Mercer County for the second time this month. Both Nottingham Way and the Princeton Pike were closed. The Assunpink Creek in Trenton crested at 7.8 feet at 6 p.m. on the 27th. Flood Stage is 7 feet.
NJ
1996-01-27
1996-01-28
L1
FF_1996_01_NJ_ep005
2,032,673
1,996
1
January
NEW JERSEY
NJ
NEW JERSEY
1
1
1
PHI
1996-01-19 12:00:00
1996-01-19 19:00:00
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
NJ
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_NJ_ep006
2,032,674
1,996
1
January
NEW JERSEY
NJ
NEW JERSEY
1
1
1
PHI
1996-01-19 12:00:00
1996-01-19 19:00:00
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
NJ
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_NJ_ep007
2,032,675
1,996
1
January
NEW JERSEY
NJ
NEW JERSEY
1
1
1
PHI
1996-01-19 12:00:00
1996-01-19 19:00:00
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
NJ
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_NJ_ep008
2,032,676
1,996
1
January
NEW JERSEY
NJ
NEW JERSEY
1
1
1
PHI
1996-01-19 12:00:00
1996-01-19 19:00:00
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
NJ
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_NJ_ep009
2,032,677
1,996
1
January
NEW JERSEY
NJ
NEW JERSEY
1
1
1
PHI
1996-01-19 13:00:00
1996-01-19 19:00:00
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
The combination of melting snow from the previous week's record breaking storms, unseasonably warm temperatures and an additional one to two inches of rain caused the flash flooding of almost every ungaged stream as well as severe urban flooding. By the early afternoon on the 19th stranded motorists were rescued in al...
NJ
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_NJ_ep010
2,032,678
1,996
1
January
NEW JERSEY
NJ
NEW JERSEY
1
1
1
PHI
1996-01-19 13:00:00
1996-01-19 19:00:00
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
NJ
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_NJ_ep011
2,032,679
1,996
1
January
NEW JERSEY
NJ
NEW JERSEY
1
1
1
PHI
1996-01-19 13:00:00
1996-01-19 19:00:00
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
NJ
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_NJ_ep012
2,032,680
1,996
1
January
NEW JERSEY
NJ
NEW JERSEY
1
1
1
PHI
1996-01-19 12:00:00
1996-01-19 19:00:00
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
NJ
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_NJ_ep013
2,032,681
1,996
1
January
NEW JERSEY
NJ
NEW JERSEY
1
1
1
PHI
1996-01-19 12:00:00
1996-01-19 19:00:00
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
NJ
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_NJ_ep014
2,032,682
1,996
1
January
NEW JERSEY
NJ
NEW JERSEY
1
1
1
PHI
1996-01-19 12:00:00
1996-01-19 19:00:00
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
NJ
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_NY_ep001
2,057,213
1,996
1
January
NEW YORK
NY
NEW YORK
1
1
1
BGM
1996-01-19 08:30:00
1996-01-20 07:00:00
22.5
0
0
0
0
7,900,000
0
7,900,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
NY
1996-01-19
1996-01-20
L1
FF_1996_01_NY_ep002
2,057,214
1,996
1
January
NEW YORK
NY
NEW YORK
1
1
1
BGM
1996-01-19 08:30:00
1996-01-20 07:00:00
22.5
0
0
0
0
100,000
0
100,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
NY
1996-01-19
1996-01-20
L1
FF_1996_01_NY_ep003
2,403,033
1,996
1
January
NEW YORK
NY
NEW YORK
1
1
1
BUF
1996-01-18 04:30:00
1996-01-18 04:30:00
0
0
0
0
0
1,000,000
500,000
1,500,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Rapid snowmelt and heavy rainfall combined with warm temperatures to produce a major ice jam on the Buffalo Creek in West Seneca. Over three feet of water and ice covered some sections of Clinton and Transit Roads. Evacuations occurred and several roads were closed due to the flood waters in West Seneca and Elma. The f...
NY
1996-01-18
1996-01-18
L1
FF_1996_01_NY_ep004
2,057,217
1,996
1
January
NEW YORK
NY
NEW YORK
1
1
1
BGM
1996-01-19 08:30:00
1996-01-20 08:00:00
23.5
0
0
0
0
5,400,000
0
5,400,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
NY
1996-01-19
1996-01-20
L1
FF_1996_01_NY_ep005
1,031,901
1,996
1
January
NEW YORK
NY
NEW YORK
1
1
1
BGM
1996-01-27 11:00:00
1996-01-27 18:00:00
7
0
0
0
0
10,000
0
10,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
A spring-like storm system brought heavy rains to much of Northeast Pennsylvania, and the Western Catskills in New York. Nearly three inches of rain fell in a short period, causing creeks and small streams to rise out of their banks. Flash flooding in the Catskills closed Route 28 between Fleischmanns and Margaretville...
NY
1996-01-27
1996-01-27
L1
FF_1996_01_NY_ep006
2,057,204
1,996
1
January
NEW YORK
NY
NEW YORK
1
1
1
BGM
1996-01-27 11:15:00
1996-01-27 18:00:00
6.75
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Route 97 was undermined by flash flooding near Lumberland. Flooding was also reported along Kortright Road between Bethel and Thompson, along Frost Valley Road near Round Pond, and near Highland and Jeffersonville.
NY
1996-01-27
1996-01-27
L1
FF_1996_01_NY_ep007
2,057,205
1,996
1
January
NEW YORK
NY
NEW YORK
1
1
1
BGM
1996-01-19 05:30:00
1996-01-20 07:00:00
25.5
0
0
0
0
4,400,000
0
4,400,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
The most disastrous flood event in more than twenty years struck central New York from the early morning of the 19th to the evening of the 21st. Significant widespread flooding of streams, rivers, homes and businesses, streets and highways, woodlands, and farmland occurred as a result of rapid snowmelt and nearly simul...
NY
1996-01-19
1996-01-20
L1
FF_1996_01_NY_ep008
2,057,206
1,996
1
January
NEW YORK
NY
NEW YORK
1
1
1
BGM
1996-01-19 08:30:00
1996-01-20 07:00:00
22.5
0
0
0
0
17,800,000
0
17,800,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
NY
1996-01-19
1996-01-20
L1
FF_1996_01_NY_ep009
2,057,207
1,996
1
January
NEW YORK
NY
NEW YORK
1
1
1
BGM
1996-01-19 08:30:00
1996-01-20 07:00:00
22.5
0
0
0
0
1,500,000
0
1,500,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
NY
1996-01-19
1996-01-20
L1
FF_1996_01_NY_ep010
1,031,906
1,996
1
January
NEW YORK
NY
NEW YORK
1
1
1
BGM
1996-01-19 08:30:00
1996-01-20 07:00:00
22.5
0
0
0
0
7,900,000
0
7,900,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
NY
1996-01-19
1996-01-20
L1
FF_1996_01_NY_ep011
1,031,907
1,996
1
January
NEW YORK
NY
NEW YORK
1
1
1
BGM
1996-01-19 08:30:00
1996-01-20 07:00:00
22.5
0
0
0
0
500,000
0
500,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
NY
1996-01-19
1996-01-20
L1
FF_1996_01_NY_ep012
2,057,208
1,996
1
January
NEW YORK
NY
NEW YORK
1
1
1
BGM
1996-01-19 08:30:00
1996-01-20 07:00:00
22.5
1
0
0
0
1,400,000
0
1,400,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
NY
1996-01-19
1996-01-20
L1
FF_1996_01_NY_ep013
2,057,209
1,996
1
January
NEW YORK
NY
NEW YORK
1
1
1
BGM
1996-01-19 08:30:00
1996-01-20 07:00:00
22.5
0
0
0
0
19,000,000
0
19,000,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
NY
1996-01-19
1996-01-20
L1
FF_1996_01_NY_ep014
2,057,210
1,996
1
January
NEW YORK
NY
NEW YORK
1
1
1
BGM
1996-01-19 08:30:00
1996-01-20 07:00:00
22.5
0
0
0
0
4,500,000
0
4,500,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
NY
1996-01-19
1996-01-20
L1
FF_1996_01_NY_ep015
2,057,211
1,996
1
January
NEW YORK
NY
NEW YORK
1
1
1
BGM
1996-01-19 08:30:00
1996-01-20 07:00:00
22.5
0
0
0
0
7,600,000
0
7,600,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
NY
1996-01-19
1996-01-20
L1
FF_1996_01_NY_ep016
2,057,212
1,996
1
January
NEW YORK
NY
NEW YORK
1
1
1
BGM
1996-01-19 08:30:00
1996-01-20 07:00:00
22.5
0
0
0
0
5,700,000
0
5,700,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
NY
1996-01-19
1996-01-20
L1
FF_1996_01_NY_ep017
2,031,614
1,996
1
January
NEW YORK
NY
NEW YORK
1
1
1
BGM
1996-01-19 12:15:00
1996-01-20 08:00:00
19.75
0
0
0
0
8,700,000
0
8,700,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
NY
1996-01-19
1996-01-20
L1
FF_1996_01_NY_ep018
2,031,615
1,996
1
January
NEW YORK
NY
NEW YORK
1
1
1
BGM
1996-01-19 08:30:00
1996-01-20 08:00:00
23.5
6
0
0
0
9,300,000
0
9,300,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
NY
1996-01-19
1996-01-20
L1
FF_1996_01_NY_ep019
2,035,495
1,996
1
January
NEW YORK
NY
NEW YORK
1
1
1
ALY
1996-01-24 16:30:00
1996-01-24 23:00:00
6.5
0
0
0
0
10,000
0
10,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Ice jams on the East Canada Creek caused flooding especially in the village of Dolgeville where streets and basements were flooded.
NY
1996-01-24
1996-01-24
L1
FF_1996_01_NY_ep020
2,057,215
1,996
1
January
NEW YORK
NY
NEW YORK
1
1
1
BGM
1996-01-19 08:30:00
1996-01-20 07:00:00
22.5
0
0
0
0
1,500,000
0
1,500,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
NY
1996-01-19
1996-01-20
L1
FF_1996_01_NY_ep021
2,057,216
1,996
1
January
NEW YORK
NY
NEW YORK
1
1
1
BGM
1996-01-19 08:30:00
1996-01-20 07:00:00
22.5
0
0
0
0
7,900,000
0
7,900,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
NY
1996-01-19
1996-01-20
L1
FF_1996_01_NY_ep022
2,403,034
1,996
1
January
NEW YORK
NY
NEW YORK
1
1
1
BUF
1996-01-18 07:45:00
1996-01-18 07:45:00
0
0
0
0
0
200,000
0
200,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Rapid snowmelt and heavy rainfall combined with warm temperatures to produce an ice jam on the Cazenovia Creek in Buffalo and West Seneca. Some evacuations occurred and several roads were closed. Damage was limited however, since most of the flood waters and ice spilled into Cazenovia Park.
NY
1996-01-18
1996-01-18
L1
FF_1996_01_OH_ep001
2,029,511
1,996
1
January
OHIO
OH
OHIO
1
1
1
RLX
1996-01-24 01:30:00
1996-01-24 06:00:00
4.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
OH
1996-01-24
1996-01-24
L1
FF_1996_01_OH_ep002
1,001,833
1,996
1
January
OHIO
OH
OHIO
1
1
1
RLX
1996-01-24 01:30:00
1996-01-24 06:00:00
4.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
OH
1996-01-24
1996-01-24
L1
FF_1996_01_OH_ep003
2,403,655
1,996
1
January
OHIO
OH
OHIO
1
1
1
RLX
1996-01-24 01:30:00
1996-01-24 06:00:00
4.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
OH
1996-01-24
1996-01-24
L1
FF_1996_01_OH_ep004
2,403,658
1,996
1
January
OHIO
OH
OHIO
1
1
1
RLX
1996-01-24 01:30:00
1996-01-24 06:00:00
4.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Rains of 0.75 to 1.5 inches in 6 hours across southeast Ohio caused numerous small streams to flood and block secondary roads in the6 counties. Salem Center of Meigs County had a 24 hour rainfall of 1.9 inches. Some of the creeks that flooded include Sugar Run in the Amesville area of Athens County, Salt Creek around...
OH
1996-01-24
1996-01-24
L1
FF_1996_01_OH_ep005
2,403,656
1,996
1
January
OHIO
OH
OHIO
1
1
1
RLX
1996-01-24 01:30:00
1996-01-24 06:00:00
4.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
OH
1996-01-24
1996-01-24
L1
FF_1996_01_OH_ep006
2,403,657
1,996
1
January
OHIO
OH
OHIO
1
1
1
RLX
1996-01-24 01:30:00
1996-01-24 06:00:00
4.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
OH
1996-01-24
1996-01-24
L1
FF_1996_01_OH_ep007
2,052,582
1,996
1
January
OHIO
OH
OHIO
1
1
1
ILN
1996-01-24 05:30:00
1996-01-24 08:00:00
2.5
0
0
0
0
10,000
0
10,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Persistent heavy rainfall caused some roads to be closed and a few people were evacuated from buildings.
OH
1996-01-24
1996-01-24
L1
FF_1996_01_OH_ep008
2,055,545
1,996
1
January
OHIO
OH
OHIO
1
1
1
PBZ
1996-01-19 04:00:00
1996-01-19 13:00:00
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
OH
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_OH_ep009
2,055,546
1,996
1
January
OHIO
OH
OHIO
1
1
1
PBZ
1996-01-19 04:00:00
1996-01-19 13:00:00
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
OH
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_OH_ep010
1,030,125
1,996
1
January
OHIO
OH
OHIO
1
1
1
PBZ
1996-01-19 10:00:00
1996-01-19 13:00:00
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
null
OH
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_OH_ep011
2,032,895
1,996
1
January
OHIO
OH
OHIO
1
1
1
PBZ
1996-01-19 04:00:00
1996-01-19 13:00:00
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Numerous small streams went out of their banks across east-central Ohio. Widespread one to one and a half inch rainfall amounts fell across the area. Numerous roads were closed and some homes and businesses were affected by the flooding. The majority of the damage was confined to the communities along the Ohio River, w...
OH
1996-01-19
1996-01-19
L1
FF_1996_01_OH_ep012
2,032,892
1,996
1
January
OHIO
OH
OHIO
1
1
1
PBZ
1996-01-17 13:00:00
1996-01-18 02:00:00
13
0
0
0
0
25,000
0
25,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Ice jams formed on the Wheeling Creek downstream of Wolfhurst, where water had risen to bankfull. Another jam caused open field flooding along Piper Creek. Flooding was also reported along Captina Creek between Steinersville and Powhatan Point due to an ice jam at the mouth of the creek at Powhatan Point. Some homes an...
OH
1996-01-17
1996-01-18
L1
FF_1996_01_OH_ep013
2,032,893
1,996
1
January
OHIO
OH
OHIO
1
1
1
PBZ
1996-01-18 07:40:00
1996-01-18 17:00:00
9.333333
0
0
0
0
50,000
0
50,000
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Flooding occurred along the Walhonding River, 5 miles east of Warsaw, behind ice jams. Seventy people were evacuated in Warsaw. Water entered some homes.
OH
1996-01-18
1996-01-18
L1
FF_1996_01_OH_ep014
2,032,894
1,996
1
January
OHIO
OH
OHIO
1
1
1
PBZ
1996-01-18 18:00:00
1996-01-18 22:00:00
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
null
null
null
null
null
null
0
0
null
Sugar creek near Dover went just out of its banks. An ice buildup in the creek caused the water to rise. A couple of roads were closed and water approached, but did not enter, a nearby home.
OH
1996-01-18
1996-01-18
L1
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio

CONUS Flash-Flood Benchmark (L1-L3) — agent-friendly, CLI-queryable

Query by level (L1/L2/L3) + US state + time range and download from a bare terminal. Three levels: L1 national NCEI flash-flood episode catalog (1996-2025, 42,466), L2 observation-availability catalog (2021-2025, 5,424), L3 evaluation-ready gauge testbeds (688; 152 strict flash-floods; 47 NCEI-confirmed; 26 with return period >= 2 yr).

TL;DR for agents — manifest = discover, jq = filter, resolve_url = download

BASE=https://huggingface.co/datasets/skyan1002/flash-flood-benchmark-data/resolve/main
curl -sL "$BASE/manifest.jsonl" -o manifest.jsonl   # one comma-safe index of every record + file

Every line is one JSON object: record_type (record|artifact), level, ff_episode_id, gage_id, year, month, begin_date (YYYY-MM-DD), primary_state_abbrev, all_states_abbrev, plus L3 fields (benchmark_tier, flash_flood_class, is_strict_flash_flood, selected, lp3_return_period_yr, ...) and, for artifacts, artifact_kind, resolve_url, bytes, sha256.

Quickstart recipes

# 1) Screen: L3 strict flash floods in TX, July 2025
jq -c 'select(.record_type=="record" and .level=="L3" and .primary_state_abbrev=="TX"
  and .is_strict_flash_flood==true and .begin_date>="2025-07-01" and .begin_date<="2025-07-31")
  | {testbed_id, lp3_return_period_yr, peak_value}' manifest.jsonl

# 2) Download every file for one testbed (resolve URLs precomputed; -L follows the LFS/CDN redirect)
jq -r 'select(.testbed_id=="FF_2025_07_TX_ep002__08167000" and .record_type=="artifact").resolve_url' \
  manifest.jsonl | xargs -n1 curl -L -O

# 3) Just the hydrograph CSVs for the curated set (selected & RP>=2), budget by bytes first
jq -r 'select(.selected==true and .lp3_return_period_yr>=2 and .artifact_kind=="streamflow")
  | "\(.bytes)\t\(.resolve_url)"' manifest.jsonl

# 4) L1 episodes that touched TX in 2015 (any-touch via all_states_abbrev)
jq -c 'select(.level=="L1" and (.all_states_abbrev|test("(^|\\|)TX(\\||$)")) and .year==2015)
  | {ff_episode_id, primary_state_abbrev, begin_date}' manifest.jsonl

# 5) One-shot curated bundle (26 selected & RP>=2, ~0.2 GB)
curl -L "$BASE/bundles/testbeds_selected26.zip" -o selected26.zip

# 6) A single light file (no zip): one watershed polygon
curl -L "$BASE/testbeds/FF_2025_07_TX_ep002/08167000/watershed.geojson" -o ws.geojson

Optional: server-side filter (no manifest download)

curl -sG https://datasets-server.huggingface.co/filter \
  --data-urlencode dataset=skyan1002/flash-flood-benchmark-data \
  --data-urlencode config=l3_testbeds --data-urlencode split=train \
  --data-urlencode "where=\"primary_state_abbrev\"='TX' AND year=2025 AND is_strict_flash_flood=true" \
  --data-urlencode length=100

Rules: double-quote column names, single-quote strings, URL-encode, length<=100 (page with offset), re-index may lag minutes after an update.

Contracts (read before scripting)

  • State: filter on primary_state_abbrev (2-letter). For multi-state episodes use all_states_abbrev (pipe-joined, e.g. NJ|NY|PA).
  • Time: begin_date/end_date are YYYY-MM-DD (lexical compare == date range); year/month are robust integer handles across levels.
  • Download: always curl -L (LFS objects 302-redirect; without -L you get a tiny pointer). Use -C - to resume; check the bytes column before multi-GB pulls.
  • Never awk -F, / cut -d, the raw CSVs in catalog/raw_csv/ — fields contain commas. Use jq on manifest.jsonl, the Parquet configs, the /filter API, or a real CSV parser.
  • zarr gridded forcing ships inside packages/<id>.zip; unzip then open with zarr.open_group (NOT xr.open_zarr). The light mrms_2min_precip_basin_mean.csv is the curl-friendly alternative.

Helper CLI (optional)

ffbench (POSIX sh; needs curl, uses jq if present) wraps the same URLs:

curl -sL "$BASE/ffbench" -o ffbench && chmod +x ffbench
./ffbench query  --level l3 --state TX --start 2025-07-01 --end 2025-07-31 --strict
./ffbench get FF_2025_07_TX_ep002__08167000 --out ./tx_testbed
./ffbench bundle selected26

Layout

catalog/*.parquet (+ catalog/raw_csv/), manifest.{jsonl,csv,parquet}, manifest_schema.json, testbeds/<ep>/<gage>/ (loose light files), packages/<ep>__<gage>.zip (full per-testbed), bundles/ (selected26, strict152). Figures/interactive map: companion Space skyan1002/flash-flood-benchmark and dataset skyan1002/flash-flood-benchmark-figures.

License & citation

CC-BY-4.0. Derived from public USGS (NWIS, STN, NLDI, 3DEP) and NOAA (NCEI Storm Events, NSSL MRMS/FLASH-CREST) data. See CITATION.cff.

Downloads last month
40