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Methysergide induces selective potentiation in cholinergic contractions of the guinea-pig vas deferens by facilitating acetylcholine release.
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Methysergide (3 x 10(-6) M) enhanced the contractile responses of the isolated stripped vas deferens of guinea-pig to acetylchline(ACh) and arecoline, but not those to noradrenaline, tyramine and bradykinin. Methysergide (3 x 10(-5) M) suppressed the contraction elicited by noradrenaline or histamine. The methysergide-induced potentiation of the response to ACh was prevented by pre-addition of hemicholinium but not by tetrodotoxin or morphine. The augmentation of the response to ACh by physostigmine was unaffected by hemicholinium. The phasic contraction of the tissue elicited by 30 mM KCl was also enhanced by methysergide, and this enhancement was prevented by the pre-addition of atropine (1.4 x 10(-7) M). In the depolarized vas deferens after exposure to 30 mM KCl, methysergide occasionally induced a sustained tonic contraction which was inhibited by atropine. These findings suggest that methysergide facilitates a release of ACh by acting on the cholinergic nerve terminals and selectively potentiates the cholinergic response.
| 43,366
|
Colorimetric determination of 1-(4'-nitrophenyl)-2-aminopropane-1,3-diol with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid in the presence of chloramphenicol.
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A colorimetric method based on the interaction between the chloramphenicol degradation product 1-(4'-nitrophenyl)-2-aminopropane-1,3-diol and the 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid reagent was developed. Analytical solutions were reacted with the reagent at pH 9.1 for 20 min at room temperature, and the resulting color was measured at 340 nm. A linear relationship between absorbance and concentration occurred within the 5--25-micrograms/ml range under the conditions studied. Replicate analyses were in good agreement. An average recovery of 99.4 +/- 0.4% was obtained for the synthetic mixtures.
| 43,388
|
[The development in the treatment of supracondylar femur fractures (author's transl)].
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Author compared the material of supracondylar femur fractures of the National Institute of Traumatology during a period of 5 years starting from 1962 until 1966 with that of a period of 6 years starting in 1972 until 1977. From among their 108 cases osteosynthesis was performed in 38 cases. He gives account of methods with wire pinning, medullar splinting, and nailing with Rush's, Jewett's and Küntscher's technique (transfixation of the knee in the latter) as well as of solutions with angulated nails performed mainly in the second period. For nonunion in this region external fixation was also used.
| 43,426
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[Remarks to the operative treatment of arthritis of the knee (author's transl)].
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Author deals with operative treatment in secondary arthritis following severe trauma of the knee. Review of operative techniques and their problemes are given. The results of and total prosthetic replacement are compared with those of arthrodesis. It is concluded that in order to obtain the best result in prevention of secondary arthritis exact reduction and stable fixation of the fracture should be performed.
| 43,431
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[Bolted medullary nailing (author's transl)].
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Authors described the development of bolted medullary nailing and presents indications and technique. Points out the advantages of the procedure, but the difficulties in aiming, a basic part of the technique is also mentioned. With selfconstructed guide and other modifications the applicability of bolted medullary nailing was promoted. His experience of 112 operations is remarkable even in international relations. This material is analysed.
| 43,433
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[Operative elimination of shoulder contracture maintained by subaxillary scarring (author's transl)].
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In order to avoid irreversible changes the solving of shoulder contracture caused by subauxillary scarring is an urgent task. His method is the Z-plastic with many variables the choice and application of which are dependent from the extension and site of the subauxillary scar.
| 43,434
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[The treatment of burns--an autonomous discipline (author's transl)].
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In Europe Hungary was among the initiators to establish specialised surgical departments for the treatment of burnt patients. This new element in the structure of the hospital resulted in specialisation of surgeons for skin replacement and scar surgery. Thus the surgeon treating burnt patients is becoming the "surgeon of wounds" The treatment of thermal injury needs more detailed knowledge of biochemistry, pathophysiology and internal medicine compared with other field of surgery. The specialised thermist is in many respect similar to the intensivist.
| 43,436
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Phospholipid metabolism in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: phospholipid hydrolysis in nongrowing cells.
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Hydrolysis of cell envelope phospholipids was demonstrated in cells of both autolytic and nonautolytic strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae that were labeled during growth in the presence of [3H] acetate. The label incorporated into the cellular phospholipids was located exclusively in the fatty acid acyl side chains. Labeled cells were incubated for 2 hr in N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid buffer, pH 8.5, containing various additions, and then examined for distribution of 3H in lipids. Ca++ selectively stimulated the deacylation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), whereas Mn++ stimulated the deacylation of phosphatidylglycerol (PG). Hydrolysis of phosphatidylethanolamine by phospholipase A was accompanied by the accumulation of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) and free fatty acids in the cells. Free fatty acids accumulated to a greater extent than lysophosphatidylethanolamine, suggesting that the latter was further hydrolyzed to glycerophosphorylethanolamine (GPE) and free fatty acids by a lysophospholipase. Methanol, ethanol, propanol, and isopropanol, added at concentrations which inhibited growth by 50%, stimulated phospholipase A, but not lysophospholipase activity. Differences in heat inactivation, metal ion requirements, and pH optima suggested that phospholipase A activities with phosphatidylethanolamine or phosphatidylglycerol as substrate and lysophospholipase may be separate enzymes.
| 43,450
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Superhelical DNA in Streptococcus sanguis: role in recombination in vivo.
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Competent Streptococcus sanguis treated with non-lethal doses of coumermycin A1 immediately before or after uptake of radioactive transforming DNA were reduced in their capacity to yield transformants. This treatment did not alter bacterial ability to bind DNA in DNase I-resistant form, nor did it prevent the single-stranded donor DNA-recipient protein complexes formed upon uptake at the surface of the bacteria from translocating to chromosomal sites. Inhibition of transformation by heterospecific DNA was greater than that by homospecific DNA. The reduction in transformant yield was not accompanied by any loss of donor counts incorporated into the recipient chromosome, but rather by a loss of genetic activity of incorporated donor material indicating a failure of genetic integration and degradation of donor DNA as a consequence of coumermycin treatment. The inhibitory effect of coumermycin on transformation was associated with in vivo loss of chromosomal DNA superhelicity, The chromosomal DNA remained intact, however, indicative of inhibition of a gyrase-like enzyme responsible for the maintenance of negative supercoiling of the S. sanguis chromosome. Upon treatment with the drug, a coumermycin-resistant mutant strain showed neither loss of chromosomal superhelicity nor any inhibitory effect on genetic integration of donor DNA. The evidence supports the idea that chromosomal superhelicity promotes genetic recombination in vivo.
| 43,456
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[Effect of cultivation conditions on growth of Candida lipolytica yeasts and alpha-ketoacid biosynthesis in the presence of thiamine deficiency].
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The effect of pH and aeration on the growth of Candida lipolytica and the biosynthesis of alpha-keto acids on acetate and glucose was studied in batch cultures at thiamine deficiency. If the initial thamine concentration was the same, then, irrespective of the carbon source, the yeast biomass in a medium saturated with oxygen by 5--10% was 1.5--2.0 times higher than in a medium with 60--90% [O2]. The rate of alpha-keto acid biosynthesis, on the contrary, decreased in the conditions of low aeration. The biomass increased and the rate of acid production decreased when pH was changed from 6.0 to 8.0 in a medium with acetate. However, at all studied values of pH and [O2] in a medium with either acetate or glucose, the growth at the deceleration phase was of a linear character, and was accompanied with the accumulation of alpha-keto acids in the cultural broth. The rate of acid production was maximal when the specific growth rate decreased to 0.04--0.06 hr-1. The presence of a linear phase in the conditions of thiamine deficiency suggests that here the growth of yeasts is determined by the constant activity of one of the thiamine dependent enzymes per unit volume of the cultural broth. However, the value of this activity seems to change depending on the cultivation conditions which, in turn, causes changes in the rates of biosynthetic processes.
| 43,461
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[Fluorescent probe study of staphylococcal cell wall charges].
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The effect of pH and MgCl2 concentration on the fluorescence of 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate (ANS), an anion probe, was studied in suspensions of Staphylococcus aureus. The maximum of ANS fluorescence shifted towards the short wavelength region of the spectrum and its intensity increased when the cells were incubated in the medium with low pH and high ionic strength. The results are discussed in terms of electrostatic interactions between the anions of the probe and the negative space charge of the cell wall.
| 43,463
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[Physiologo-biochemical features of the growth and development of Propionibacterium shermanii in egg albumin].
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Propionibacterium shermanii was shown to be able of growing in such an unusual substrate as egg albumen. Incubation of the bacterium in egg albumen results in complete utilization of free carbohydrates in this substrate and accumulation in it of such bacterial metabolites as vitamins B2 and B12, free amino acids, bacterial protein, acetic and propionic acids which favour conservation of egg albumen. The bacterium does not possess proteolytic activity and does not utilize albumen; in the conditions of nitrogen deficiency, it can utilize free amino acids in the substrate. The growth of P. shermanii in egg albumen is stimulated by the addition of ammonium sulfate in combination with potassium phosphate or ammonium phosphate to the substrate. These substances change the direction of propionic fermentation toward the accumulation of propionic acid; at the same time, the content of glutamine, asparagine, alanine, methionine, cysteine and other free amino acids increases in the substrate.
| 43,462
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Control of acetyl-CoA carboxylase by covalent modification.
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In this review, various experiments which establish the occurrence of covalent modification mechanisms, both in vivo and in vitro, in the control of acetyl-CoA carboxylase have been presented. It is interesting to note that phosphorylation of the carboxylase results in disaggregation of the active species. These studies indicate that aggregation and disaggregation of the enzyme are involved in the control of carboxylase activity. Our covalent modification mechanism and the allosteric control mechanism share a common ground in that both mechanisms affect the equilibrium between protomers and polymers of the enzyme. However, it is clear that the allosteric control mechanism cannot function alone under normal physiological conditions. Covalent modification of the carboxylase is prerequisite for efficient functioning of the allosteric mechanism. There are many aspects of the regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase which require further clarification. However, it is now established that short-term control of acetyl-CoA carboxylase involves the covalent modification mechanism.
| 43,470
|
Increase by alpha-adrenolytic drugs of acetylcholine release evoked by field stimulation of the guinea-pig ileum.
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The release of acetylcholine evoked by field stimulation of the guinea-pig ileum (3 Hz) is increased by yohimbine and tolazoline but not affected by phentolamine. It is proposed that yohimbine and tolazoline by blocking alpha-adrenoceptors of the cholinergic nerves abolish the inhibition caused by endogenous noradrenaline, and thus facilitate the output of acetylcholine.
| 43,477
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The influence of preganglionic nerves on the superior cervical ganglion of the rat.
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Sympathetic neurones grown in tissue culture with non-neuronal cells become cholinergic. Such a change from an adrenergic to cholinergic character does not occur in vivo and it has been suggested that this may be due to the determination of the adrenergic character by electrical activity. Electrical activity in the superior cervical ganglion by young rats were prevented by transection of the preganglionic nerve trunk. In no case did this operation result in an increase in the intrinsic choline acetyltransferase (CAT) of the ganglion. We conclude that electrical activity is not the factor responsible for the difference between in vivo and in vitro results.
| 43,489
|
[X-ray diffraction analysis of disintegration of polyglycolic acid suture material both in vivo and in model media].
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Examined were the structural variations of polyglycolic acid surgical suture material by X-ray diffraction methods subsequent to sejour in vivo and in several model mediums. After a long stay in vivo, water and buffer at pH 2 the following structural variations in the polymer were observed: diminution of macroperiod, and certain increase of crystallinity. Rather profound, ten times faster destruction of suture material in alkaline medium at pH 12 did not cause the variation of macroperiod and crystallinity. Even in the case of extensive destruction with mass losses approaching 90% and variation of crystalline structure of the polymer was not observed. These data confirm the theory described previously by the authors on the existence of two possible methods of polymer destruction in aggressive mediums passing through total volume and on the plastic surface only.
| 43,508
|
Geochemistry and health in the United Kingdom.
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Before the 1960s, comparisons between the distribution of trace elements in the environment and health in the United Kingdom were primarily confined to ad hoc studies in areas associated with particular agricultural disorders or with unusual human mortality or morbidity records. More recently, increasing interest in the importance of trace elements in crop and animal production and in the hazards of environmental pollution have created a need for more systematic geochemical data. Geochemical reconnaissance maps for England, Wales, Northern Ireland and parts of Scotland have demonstrated the extent of many known clinical trace element problems in agriculture and have also been valuable in delineating areas within which subclinical disorders may occur. Their application to studies on the composition of soils, food crops and surface waters in relation to public health has proved encouraging. Current knowledge and present investigations into environmental geochemistry and human health in the U.K. are reviewed, together with future research requirements.
| 43,529
|
Geochemistry and cardiovascular diseases.
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Deficiencies or excesses in the content or availability of trace elements in rocks and soils, or in water flowing through them, is hypothesized as a possible cause of certain chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. Geographic distribution of cardiovascular diseases is often associated with geochemical differences. This trend is particularly evident in the United States and in Europe, with higher rates for cardiovascular mortalities being present in areas uunderlain by soils that are poor in most essential trace elements. Confirmation of this trend is found in connection with the degree of mineralization of local water supplies. Areas that are served by soft waters usually show higher rates of cardiovascular mortality and other forms of cardiovascular pathology, compared with the areas that are served by hard waters. Such a negative association between water hardness and cardiovascular pathology is evident in many countries, both industrialized and developing.
| 43,533
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Trace elements and health: an overview.
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Trace element deficiencies, toxicities and imbalances in man are more difficult to relate to geochemical factors than they are in farm animals. The reasons for this are discussed and examples of such differences between man and grazing animals presented. The most convincing evidence of a geochemical causal link with human disease comes from the incidence and distribution of endemic goitre. The influence of technological developments upon this relation is discussed. Other associations between the physical environment, including the air and drinking water, and to health are given and critically examined in relation to the criteria necessary to distinguish between association and causation. The nature and extent of man-made modifications of the natural geochemical environment through technological change are discussed in relation to intakes of Fe, I, Zn, Pb and Se and their relation, in turn, to human health and disease. The currently proposed permissible limits or maximum tolerances of potentially toxic elements are presented, and the importance to these tolerances of the chemical and physical forms of the element and their metabolic interactions with other elements is emphasized.
| 43,537
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Trace elements in animals.
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Trace element deficiency and toxicity in animals induces a wide variety of clinical effects although few are sufficiently specific to permit diagnosis without supporting investigation of changes in tissue trace element content or of the activity of metabolic processes influenced by trace element supply. Study of such trace element dependent processes has shown that extensive changes often arise before overt signs of disease appear. Some of these subclinical effects have pathological consequences and thus cannot be ignored when seeking correlations between geochemical anomalies and disease incidence. Many past estimates of the quantitative requirements of animals for the essential trace elements are imprecise. Although recent work is providing clearer definition of requirements, many common dietary components have a marked influence upon the efficiency with which such elements can be utilized from the diet. Recent evidence indicates that such antagonists influence both the absorption and the subsequent fate of essential and toxic elements in body tissues and these processes have to be taken into account when investigating the aetiology of disorders believed to be attributable to anomalies in trace element supply. Their existence is not always detectable if attention is confined to the trace element analysis of body tissues or to the nature of clinical lesions. Provided the complexity of soil-plant-animal relations with respect to trace element supply is fully recognized in the interpretation of data, the geochemical approach to the initial recognition of areas associated with a high risk of anomalies in trace element supply to animals and man has considerable potential value. This is already apparent from investigations upon the incidence of trace element problems in animals. As yet, its validity for similar purposes in man is less fully established.
| 43,538
|
Regional geochemical mapping.
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One of the prime requirements for effective study of environmental geochemistry in relation to health is the production of multi-element atlases showing the distribution of the elements on the regional scale. The choice of method for compiling such atlases can vary according to a number of geological, environmental and other factors. The overriding consideration, however, is to assist (in conjunction with other relevant sources of information) in defining, quickly and cheaply, potential problem areas wherein to concentrate more detailed studies to ensure maximum return from the funds and scientific manpower available. Numerous sampling and analytical techniques have been employed. Each technique and approach has its own scope, limitation and problems of interpretation. Whatever method is chosen, the use of computer-based statistical data reduction, analysis and map compilation is mandatory. Although it was apparent more than 20 years ago that geochemical atlases would eventually become a national cartographic requirement, regional geochemical mapping is still in the experimental stage. This trend is now evident in activity in a number of countries. The methods being employed, however, are so diverse that there is an urgent need for international collaboration aimed at securing data that are as mutually compatible as possible, having regard to the conditions, needs and resources of the individual countries involved.
| 43,540
|
Verdohemoglobin as a substrate for proteases is applicable to assays over a wide pH range.
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Verdohemoglobin, a heme-modified derivative readily obtained by ascorbic acid-coupled oxidation of oxyhemoglobin, was found to be a suitable substrate for protease with which assay can be carried out at all pH values. The advantage of verdohemoglobin over such popular substrates as alkali-and-urea-denatured hemoglobin and casein was demonstrated by a pH-profile study with Pronase E.
| 43,544
|
Impaired performance and sedation after a single dose of lorazepam.
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In a double-blind cross-over study using normal student volunteers, the effects of 1 and 2.5 mg lorazepam on self-rated mood and bodily symptoms, as well as performance in a number of tests were assessed. Both doses significantly increased self ratings of physical and mental sedation, the effects being more marked 4 h after drug administration than after 1 h. Lorazepam impaired simple reaction time, verbal learning, number cancellation, symbol copying and performance in the digit-symbol substitution test. The impairments were greater with the 2.5 mg dose and were more marked 4 h after drug administration than after 1 h.
| 43,554
|
Candida lipolytica isolated from Guanabara Bay and its ability to grow in marine and estuarine conditions.
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Although the petroleum degrading ability of Candida lipolytica is well known, its ability to grow in seawater is questionable. Sixteen strains of C. lipolytica were isolated from marine sites in Rio de Janeiro. Some variations from the standard description were noted including strains intermediate between the varieties lipolytica and deformans. A representative strain which grew well on petroleum was found to grow well in marine and estuary conditions which reinforces its potential as a seed organism for marine oil spills.
| 43,560
|
[Storage behavior of Collins' solution under various conditions].
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It is reported on examinations of the precipitation reactions in the Collins solution. The solution which is produced in three and two compartments, respectively, has been given together and stored under three different conditions. During a period of 48 hours the electrolytes sodium and potassium and the pH-value were controlled. Hereby significant differences of these values are shown in the various kinds of compilation as well as between the three- and the two-compartment solution. No or only slight precipitations in the closed system are observed at 20 and 40 degrees C in contrast to the open system.
| 43,634
|
[Treatment of a case of chronic obsessive troubles through combined behavioral therapy (author's transl)].
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Behavior therapy of a young man, suffering from grave obsessive and compulsive troubles is the first example of combined therapy, with individual therapy, family therapy as group therapy. Two steps are find in the cure. There are benefits--trust and hope--due to psychiatric hospitalization and generous and constant affection of the sponse. The sponse was the key of reciprocal inhibition necessary to the control of anxieties due to the treatment. The aim reached was the control of obsessions and compulsions lasting for more than sixteen years.
| 43,661
|
[Psychological theories in the context of an interdisciplinary gerontology (author's transl)].
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The integration of the different disciplines of gerontology can be promoted by pointing to the analogies in biological, medical, psychological, and sociological constructs and theories of aging. Max Bürger's construct of "biomorphosis", the functional age approach in physiology, and the principle of homeostasis can contribute to the formulation of hypotheses and theories in the behavioral and social sciences, too. A common frame of reference for this integrated interdisciplinary gerontology is a differential approach which tries to define different patterns of aging, their biological, clinical, social, and psychological conditions, the control and prediction of the aging process within the frame-work of these patterns and the prevention of adverse patterns. An important contribution of behavioral sciences to this differential gerontological is defined by cognitive theories of behavior which point to the decisive role of the perceived (vs. the "objective") situation in selection of responses of the aged.
| 43,671
|
[Medical data from a gerontological field-study and its value with regard to the conception of a psychogeriatric service (author's transl)].
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1114 people were investigated by a sociological interview. A representative subgroup got a medical check-up mostly by psychiatrists, a few of them by the family doctors. It revealed a refusal-group of 28% out of 625 persons. Our medical data did not confirm the rate of morbidity from 10 to 20% of the elderly. Whereas the sociological date of the refusal-group maybe identify the expected crisis-population so that we did not gain enough information for planning a psychogeriatric service by this field-study.
| 43,673
|
Structural studies of a branchiopod crustacean (Lepidurus bilobatus) extracellular hemoglobin. Evidence for oxygen-binding domains.
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The extracellular hemoglobin of the notostracan branchiopod Lepidurus bilobatus has an apparent molecular weight of 680,000 and may exist in a dissociation-association equilibrium dependent on pH and ligand state. The pigment contains one heme per 18,000 g protein. However, attempts to dissociate the hemoglobin by harsh denaturing conditions results in a 33-34,000 molecular weight polypeptide chain as well as traces of some 62-64,000 molecular weight material. Limited proteolysis of this hemoglobin with subtilisin produces 14,800 and 16,500 dalton heme-containing polypeptides (domains) which bind oxygen reversibly. These domains, isolated by column chromatography, have a heme content similar to the intact pigment. It is proposed that the intact 34,000 dalton subunit of Lepidurus hemoglobin consists of two linearly linked oxygen binding domains. Oxygen binding properties of the intact hemoglobin show a low oxygen affinity with a slight Bohr effect. In contrast, the isolated domains display a relatively high oxygen affinity and lack a Bohr effect between pH 7.0 and 8.0. It is apparent that the intact 34,000 dalton polypeptide is necessary for the expression of the heterotropic interactions of the native pigment.
| 43,742
|
Conformational changes in human serum albumin around the neutral pH from circular dichroic measurements.
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The molar ellipticity of the warfarin-albumin complex at 310 nm increases with pH from 6 to 9. This pH dependence runs parallel with that of the molar ellipticity of the albumin alone at 292 nm. The change in molar ellipicity with pH occurs in a smaller pH interval after addition of the physiological concentration of calcium ions. These findings give support to the assumption that the binding site for warfarin on the albumin molecule is affected by the neutral-to-base transition in the protein.
| 43,743
|
Tardive dyskinesia and dementia.
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Seventeen schizophrenic patients with tardive dyskinesia (TD) and 33 schizophrenics without tardive dyskinesia were examined by psychological tests of intellectual function and EMI scans were performed. The group as a whole were found to be demented and 31 out of 45 had abnormalities on the scan. On a learning test the tardive dyskinesia group did significantly worse and using a measured parameter of the scan (the Ventricular Index) the tardive dyskinesia group had more abnormality. It is suggested that the higher incidence of pathology in the tardive dyskinesia group may be related to chronic neuroleptic toxicity.
| 43,754
|
The function of fimbriae in Myxococcus xanthus. II. The role of fimbriae in cell-cell interactions.
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Anti-fimbriae antiserum specifically inhibited swarming but no gliding motility per se in Myxococcus xanthus. However, formation of motile aggregates on agar and clumps in liquid media correlated with the presence of fimbriae. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid which inhibited swarming also inhibited fimbriae formation. Direct electron-microscopic observations revealed that fimbriae establish contact with apposing cell surfaces. Intact but not depolymerized fimbriae exhibited hemagglutination activity against guinea pig erythrocytes. This activity was inhibited by mannose, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, and to a lesser degree by fructose, raffinose, melibiose, and alpha-methyl-D-mannoside. It is concluded that fimbriae are organelles which function to establish and maintain intercellular contacts, perhaps by a lectin-like function, during the coordinated movement of cell aggregates' (swarming) in myxobacteria. This hypothesis is supported by the observations of other workers that genes determining movement of cells in groups also control fimbriation in M. xanthus.
| 43,768
|
Virological surveillance for dengue haemorrhagic fever in Indonesia using the mosquito inoculation technique.
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A dengue haemorrhagic fever surveillance system in Indonesia, based on virological and clinical observations, is described. The system uses the mosquito inoculation technique for virus isolation and is simple, economical, and well suited for endemic areas where support and facilities are limited. The data suggest that with good cooperation between the hospital and the virology laboratory, new serotypes and possibly even new strains of virus can be identified before the onset of epidemic activity. This type of virological surveillance may make it possible to prevent major epidemics in the future.
| 43,776
|
Irreducible dislocation of the metatarsophalangeal joints of the foot.
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An unusual dislocation of the metatarsophalangeal joints of the third, fourth, and fifth toes with fractures of the neck of the second metatarsal bone occurred in a 23-year-old man. Hyperextension of the metatarsophalangeal joints is the mechanism of injury and is substantiated by the anatomic investigation. The metatarsal head is trapped between the fibrocartilaginous plate on the plantar surface of the foot, the dorsal capsule and deep transverse metatarsal ligament on the dorsal surface, the flexor tendons on the lateral aspect and the lumbrical tendons on the medial aspect. Division of the fibrocartilaginous plate, the deep transverse ligament and the dorsal capsule facilitates reduction of dislocation.
| 43,791
|
The effects of rubidium on mammary tumour growth in C57 blk/6J mice.
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A high pH therapy for cancer arrived at theoretically was tested in mice by feeding them rubidium carbonate. Tumours were transplanted in the abdomen of mice and allowed to grow for 8 days. The mice were then divided into two groups. The control group was continued on conventional mouse chow. The test group, in addition to the mouse chow, was force-fed 1.11 mg of rubidium carbonate dissolved in distilled water. At the end of 13 more days the tumours in the controls had grown to a large size so all the mice were sacrificed. The tumours were then removed and weighed. The tumours in the test animals weighed essentially one eleventh of those in the controls. In addition the test animals were showing no adverse effects from the cancers. The probability that this marked difference in tumour size could have come about by chance is exceedingly small.
| 43,800
|
Brain regional levels of neurotransmitter amines as neurochemical correlates of sex-specific ontogenesis in the rat.
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Brain regional levels of three neurotransmitter amines - serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) - were measured in young rats prior to weaning to determine the extent to which modifications in levels of amines might reflect alterations in the sex steroid hormonal environment during the first postnatal week in the life of the rat. Sex-related levels of DA, NE, and 5-HT were found in some brain regions of the 12-day-old rat. Male midbrain DA exceeded the corresponding female value while female hypothalamic NE levels were greater than those of the male. Levels of 5-HT in the corpus striatum and the midbrain of males were greater than those of the female. Castration of the male on day 1 or testosterone propionate (TP) administration to the newborn female resulted in modifications of levels of midbrain 5-HT which reflected feminization of the castrated males and masculinization of the TP-treated females. Castration on day 1, or diethylstilbestrol given on days 2, 4, and 6, resulted in apparent feminization of NE levels in the hypothalamus of 12-day-old male rats. Thus, it appears that regional levels of hypothalamic NE and midbrain 5-HT in the 12-day-old rat may reflect the course of brain organizational activity which becomes recognizable in the adult as sex-specific behavior.
| 43,801
|
The pathochemistry of kernicterus.
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The stoichiometry of bilirubin--albumin interaction has been analyzed and quantitated in several recent studies, confirming that albumin binding of bilirubin obeys the law of mass action [4, 5, 14, 16, 26, 36, 43, 46, 61, 65, 73, 92, 111]. These studies provide a basis for interpreting bilirubin transport, cell uptake and toxicity from physicochemical and pharmacologic perspectives [35, 42, 58, 59]. In this report, we propose a model of the pathogenesis of kernicterus which views serum albumin and tissue as competing with each other for binding the miscible bilirubin pool. Evidence is presented to show that bilirubin normally binds reversibly to cellular membranes and certain soluble enzymes just as it does to albumin; the unbound bilirubin concentration is the driving force for both albumin and tissue binding. We propose that albumin binding is determined by the concentration of free bilirubin anion (which is essentially unaffected by physiologic pH changes), and that tissue binding is mainly determined by the concentration of free bilirubin acid (which is greatly influenced by pH). When bilirubin--tissue complexes are formed, essential cell functions may be inhibited, producing cellular acidosis, irreversible intracellular aggregation of bilirubin, and cell death. In developing this argument, we will sequentially discuss relevant features of bilirubin chemistry, the binding of bilirubin to albumin, the formation of bilirubin--tissue complexes, bilirubin toxicity, alternative viewpoints of bilirubin transport, and, finally, the implications of this model to the clinical management of jaundiced infants. It should be emphasized that this paper is an attempt to analyze bilirubin transport and toxicity using basic chemical principles; it is an extension of previously published proposals [17, 77], and will undoubtedly require further modification as additional experimental data becomes available.
| 43,803
|
The pharmacokinetics and biotransformation of the new benzodiazepine lormetazepam in humans. I. Absorption, distribution, elimination and metabolism of lormetazepam-5-14C.
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The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the new benzodiazepine lormetazepam were investigated in five male volunteers using the 14C-labelled drug (position 5). Lormetazepam was administered intravenously and orally, at a dose of 0.2 and 2 mg respectively, to each of the test subjects. Measurements of total radioactivity showed that the drug was absorbed completely and eliminated almost exclusively by the renal route. Maximum plasma level of active ingredient and total radioactivity were observed about 2 hours and 5 hours following oral administration. As early as 30 min following oral administration, concentration of active ingredient amounted to 80% of the maximum values. After both treatments the terminal half-life of total radioactivity and lormetazepam glucuronide in plasma corresponded to the half-life of elimination in urine of about 13 hours. After enzymatic hydrolysis with beta-glucuronidase/arylsulphatase, an average of 90% of total radioactivity from various urine and plasma samples was extractable with ether. Extracts from plasma contained only unchanged drug, indicating free and conjugated lormetazepam as ingredients of total radioactivity. Extracts from urine could be separated into lormetazepam and its N-demethylation derivative lorazepam. The relative amount of excreted lorazepam conjugate was demonstrated to be time-dependent, probably due to enterohepatic circulation. Since less than 6% of the total dose was demethylated by both routes of administration, it can be assumed that lormetazepam is the active product.
| 43,806
|
Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of catecholamines and their congeners with simple acids as ion-pairing reagents.
|
We have investigated the value of various common acids as ion-pairing reagents for high-efficiency separations of catecholamines and their metabolites in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The retention of norepinephrine, alpha-methylnorepinephrine, dopamine, alpha-methyldopamine, L-dopa, alpha-methyldopa, dihydroxybenzylamine, epinephrine, carbidopa and DOPAC was measured in mobile phases composed of nitric, sulfuric, acetic and trichloroacetic acids at pH 2-5 and anion concentrations ranging from 5-500 mM. The solute capacity ratios were dependent on the hydrophobicity and concentration of the ion-pairing reagent and the pH of the mobile phase. Good retention, peak symmetry and high efficiency (3000 theoretical plates for 300 mm) was found for mobile phases composed of the strong inorganic acids and trichloroacetic acid. Chromatography was compared to that seen using the detergent sodium octylsulfate. Trichloroacetic acid gave retention and efficiency similar to sodium octylsulfate. These experiments show that simple acids can replace alkylsulfates as ion-pairing reagents for the separation of the catecholamines and their metabolites.
| 43,866
|
Morphology of the antibody response to pneumococcal polysaccharide in mice.
|
In the course of an antibody immune response to pneumococcal polysaccharide - type III (S III) in mice a slight increase was observed in the proportion of plasma cells among the antibody-producing cells, reaching its peak at the time of decline of this reaction. On the basis of ultrastructural resemblance of these plasma cells to primitive reticular cells and in view of other specificities of the immunological response to S III antigen, the author presumes direct reticular origin of anti-S III antibody-producing plasma cells.
| 43,878
|
Inhibitory alpha-adrenergic action of phenylephrine in guinea pig taenia caecum.
|
Phenylephrine, a selective alpha-adrenergic stimulant, caused a maximal relaxation of the taenia from guinea pig caecum in the concentration of 10(-6) g/ml. Phenylephrine in this concentration did not influence intracellular cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels. Although phenylephrine abolished the spontaneous spike discharge, no change was detected in 45Ca-uptake and 45Ca-efflux on the tissue level after phenylephrine. Ca-uptake and Ca-release on the subcellular level were also not influenced by phenylephrine. In Ca free-solution phenylephrine inhibited the response to CaCl2. Phenylephrine increased 42K-efflux in the normally polarized taenia and also in the K-depolarized taenia.
| 43,911
|
Antiallergic action of 6-ethyl-3-(1h-tetrazol-5-YL) chromone (AA-344) on immediate hypersensitivity reaction in rats.
|
A newly synthesized compound, 6-ethyl-3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)chromone (AA-344) given intravenously or orally inhibited considerably the 72-hr passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (72-hr PCA) induced by IgE in rats. The antiallergic action of AA-344 was neither due to the antihistamine or antiserotonin effect nor was it mediated via adrenergic mechanisms. The results obtained in a double sensitization with two IgE antibodies suggest that AA-344 may not impair antigen-antibody combination but probably prevents the release of chemical mediators including histamine. This assumption was supported by observation that AA-344 inhibited a reduction in the skin histamine content caused by the 72-hr PCA, without effect on the compound 48/80-induced histamine reduction. AA-344 also partially inhibited the IgGa-mediated 3-hr PCA in rats. These results indicate that the inhibitory action of AA-344 on the immediate hypersensitivity reactions is due to prevention of the release of chemical mediators from the mast cells, by acting on some process in sequential events leading to the mediator release following antigen-antibody combination.
| 43,912
|
Differential antagonism of antiavoidance, cataleptic and ptotic effects of neuroleptics by biperiden.
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The interaction between neuroleptics and an anticholinergic, biperiden, in the antiavoidance, catalepsy and ptosis tests was investigated in mice for the purpose of predicting the extrapyramidal side-effects of neuroleptics. The cataleptic effect of most neuroleptics used was antagonized to some extent by biperiden, while the ptotic effect was hardly influenced. The antiavoidance effect of haloperidol, trifluperidol and perphenazine was markedly antagonized and that of chlorpromazine moderately. However, the effect of thioridazine, chlorprothixene, levomepromazine and clozapine was little antagonized. In neuropharmacological tests, haloperidol, trifluperidol and perphenazine exhibited a selective antidopaminergic activity, while chlorprothixene, levomepromazine and clozapine showed antidopaminergic, antiadrenergic and also anticholinergic activities when similar doses were given. These results indicate that biperiden antagonism may be marked in the tests related to the extrapyramidal symptoms and in drugs liable to induce extrapyramidal side effects, however, there would be little or no antagonism in drugs possessing the anticholinergic property and eliciting few extrapyramidal side-effects.
| 43,913
|
Unimportance of perivascular H+ AND K+ activities for the adjustment of pial arterial diameter during changes of arterial blood pressure in cats.
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The role of perivascular H+ and K+ in the adjustment of pial arterial diameter during changes in arterial blood pressure was investigated in chloralose anesthetized cats. Blood pressure was reduced by i.v. mecamylamine or pentolinium and was increased by i.v. hypertensin. Pial arterioles and arteries with a control diameter ranging from 37--218 microns at a spontaneous mean arterial blood pressure of 128 +/- 16 (SD) mm Hg were studied. Vascular diameter as measured by TV image splitting showed the typical reactions, i.e. constriction during increase (up to 200 mm Hg) and dilation during decrease in blood pressure (down to 60 mm Hg). Perivascular H+ and K+ activities were measured using pH microelectrodes (Hinke type) and K+ ion exchanger microelectrodes, respectively. Under control conditions perivascular pH was 7.25 +/- 0.11 (SD) and K+ activity was 2.46 +/- 0.65 (SD) mM, respectively. During changes in blood pressure the vascular reactions of pial arteries were not accompanied by significant alterations in perivascular H+ or K+ activity. From these data it can be concluded that mechanisms other than those which are mediated by H+ or K+ are involved in the adjustment of pial arterial diameter during changes in arterial blood pressure.
| 43,961
|
The effects of sleep on neurons in isolated cerebral cortex.
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Slabs of cat parietal cortex with some 2 mm of underlying white matter were surgically isolated from the rest of the nervous system, without interference with the superficial blood supply. Wire micro-recording electrodes were inserted into the isolated cortex; bone, muscle and skin wounds were repaired and the animal allowed to recover from anaesthesia. The adequacy of surgical isolation was examined histologically 8--12 weeks after operation. Only one of the six preparations reported here showed surviving neural connections with the rest of the brain. Soon after operation, spontaneous bursts of neural activity appeared within the isolated area. These became more frequent until neural discharge was continuous but irregular. Our records were made from this time onwards. The interval distributions obtained from neurons within the isolated area did not differ significantly from log-normal curves. When the unrestrained animal fell asleep, there was no significant alteration in the model interval or geometric standard deviation of interval distributions recorded from cells in isolated cortex. The interval distributions of neurons in isolated cerebral cortex resembled those of neurons in the intact cortex of an alarmed animal. It is concluded that the reduction of modal interval that is shown by neurons in intact cortex when an animal falls asleep is probably due to the neural influence of infracortical structures.
| 43,974
|
[Controlled therapeutic study of spontaneous bucco-linguo-facial dyskinesias (author's transl)].
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A triple blind study has been conducted according to an original methodology to compare the effects of thioproperazine and tiapride on the spontaneous bucco-linguo-facial dyskinesias in the elderly. Side effects have been balanced to obtain a quantitative evaluation. Thioproperazine (3 x 3 mg/day) and tiapride (3 x 100 mg/day) reduce both significantly the number of dyskinesias, the former being more active than the latter. On the other hand, side effects of thioproprerazine are significantly higher than those of tiapride which are themselves not different from those induced by the placebo. Taking into account these results and the fact that dyskinesias represent a benign condition, the tiapride appears to be the first choice drug.
| 44,015
|
The Rift Valley fever epizootic in Egypt 1977-78. 2. Ecological and entomological studies.
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Epidemiological factors related to the introduction, spread and maintenance of Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus were studied during the 1977-78 epizootic in Egypt, Culex pipiens is the most ubiquitous and prevalent mosquito species in the Nile Valley and Delta. Isolation of RVF virus from unengorged C. pipiens, and demonstration of laboratory transmission of the virus by this species, strongly implicate it as the chief vector in Egypt. Virus transmission to man also occurs by contamination when handling infected meat and by inhaling natural virus aerosols. Wild rodents apparently do not serve as RVF virus reservoirs. Domestic sheep, cattle, buffaloes, camels, goats, donkeys and dogs act as amplifying hosts. Over 30% of the camels sampled at the southern border of Egypt were serologically positive for antibodies to RVF virus and it appears likely that the virus was introduced into Egypt, either by these animals or by other vehicles from the south.
| 44,038
|
[Scanning microscopical observations on the foregut structures o mosquitoes and their role for the ingestion of microfilariae (author's transl)].
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Experiments on the transmission of Brugia malayi by various mosquitoes had shown that microfilariae ingested by some species were badly damaged when they reached the stomach, but were much less hurt in others. The structures of the foregut likely to cause these injuries, were investigated and documented by scanning microscope techniques. In Anopheles albimanus, A. arabiensis, A. stephensi and A. pharoensis which have well developed armatures the microfilariae showed a high rate of destruction. In A. stroparvus as well as in Aedes aegypti, Ae. togoi and Culex fatigans in which these structures are missing or poorly developed the larvae were much less affected. From the size, shape and position of the different papillae, spines, rods and cones observed it can be concluded and confirmed that the pharyngeal armature (buccopharyngeal bar) will be by far the most important structure responsible for the injuries of the microfilariae. However, it appears that the characteristics of different filaria species can play an important role in preventing such damages.
| 44,040
|
[Mechanical force exercised on the elbow joint in olecranon fractures (author's transl)].
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Opinion is fairly unanimous on the need for surgical treatment of disclocated olecranon fractures. However, opinions differ regarding the mechanical backgrounds and practical application of the presently widely used tension wiring. The article attempts to clarify the picture of the forces involved in the humero-ulnar joint. Basing on the points of attack of these forces and on the influence of the ligamentum collaterale ulnare, the fractures are subdivided into three groups with individual demands on the respective fixation method and the permissible post-operative exercise therapy. Post-operative plaster immobilisation is not indicated in these cases.
| 44,086
|
[Treatment of the relapsing dislocation of the patella (author's transl)].
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From 1970-1977, twenty-five patients were given surgical treatment for relapsing dislocation of the patella. The mean age of the patients was 22 years. The case material consisted of 18 female and 7 male patients. The average frequency rate of dislocation was three to fifteen times. (Reported from the BB-Accident Hospital Tübingen). The combined surgical method with gracilis muscle restraint described by Krogius, was used in this clinic in view of its traditionally successful application. Additional antepositioning of the patella according to Bandi was effected in intraoperatively discovered retropatellar arthrosis. Relapses of dislocation were reported in two cases. Good postoperative results were obtained in 14 patients, satisfactory results in 5 patients, and an unsatisfactory outcome in three patients. Redislocation was reported twice. Since this disease occurs preferably in juveniles, surgical treatment to prevent further dislocations should be effected well in time to avoid early retropatellar arthrosis. Since dislocations of the patella are frequently adjusted spontaneously without any treatment, critical and detailed anamnesis is imperative in every patient with a distorted knee joint.
| 44,090
|
[Late surgical treatment of traumatic rupture of the oesophagus (author's transl)].
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The article reports on a 21-year old patient admitted on an in-patient basis after compressed air injury with a severe open craniocerebral lesion, and in whom the diagnosis of rupture of the oesophagus was made two weeks later only. Late surgical management by means of oesophagus suture and sealing of the diaphragm, was successful. The article discusses the symptoms and possibilities of treatment of traumatic rupture of the oesophagus, basing on the present case, and surgical treatment is advocated even if the 48-hour limit has been exceeded.
| 44,091
|
Immunization against Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in the rat. A study on the use of antigen extracted from adult parasites and the parameters which influence the level of protection.
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It was found that protective immunity in excess of 90% reduction in worm burden could be stimulated against Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in rats by using an extract of adult Nippostrongylus worms. The level of protection achieved was influenced by several factors. Thus, the use of Bordetella pertussis as adjuvant significantly increased the level of protection which, in addition, was shown to be influenced by the amount of worm antigen used. Furthermore, antigen administered in multiple doses was more effective than a single inoculum and, when using such a regime, the interval between doses was also found to be critical. The route of antigen administration was important and, while protection was achieved by subcutaneous and oral administration, the intraperitoneal route was the most effective. Using the optimal immunization regime of 3 doses of 5 mg worm protein and 4 x 10(10( B. pertussis organisms, as adjuvant, levels of protective immunity in excess of 90% reduction in worm burden were shown to exist for at least 60 days after the last dose. It was found that adult worm extracts did not stimulate any obvious immunity against larval forms of N. brasiliensis.
| 44,095
|
[Principles of analysis and the value of coronaro-ventriculography in coronary surgery].
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The examination which precedes any operation for revascularisation of the myocardium, coronaro-ventriculography, which has become a routine examination in specialised centres, should gain even further in reliability by anatomical examination of the vessels which it is used to study in vitro. A perfect knowledge of the distribution of the vessels (the numerous and sometimes unrecognised variations are a source of diagnostic error) and of the characteristics of the lesions (atheromatous in most cases) is essential for the accurate interpretation of a coronary arteriogram. Difficulties in analysis of the latter are numerous and the physician interpreting the examination should be fully aware of them before any decision regarding surgery is taken. Ventriculography routinely analyses, zone by zone, the contours of the left ventricle. In certain cases this segment study is associated with overall analysis of ventricular volumes and stroke fraction.
| 44,135
|
[Lupos erythematosus discovered during the course of a toxicodermia (author's transl)].
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The authors describes four cases of lupus erythematosus (LE) diagnosed during the course of a medication toxicodermia, which was always acute and variable in its severity (in one case it concerned a Lyell's syndrome). The lupus affection was made evident by the toxicodermia and lupic manifestations may regress spontaneously after recovery from the skin disorder. This emphasizes the value of clinical and biological testing for the presence of LE in severe cases of toxicodermia in women, more particularly immunofluorescent studies of the basal structures in the cutaneous lesions.
| 44,163
|
Brain amines and peptides--their relevance to psychiatry.
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The amine theory of affective disorder and the dopamine and endorphin theories of schizophrenia are controversial but heuristically valuable concepts that have emerged from the psychobiological revolution of the last decade. That revolution stemmed largely from the development of techniques for localizing and assaying neuroregulators and their receptors in the brain under normal, pathological and experimental conditions. The data thus obtained are reviewed here, and the current status of the emergent psychobiological hypotheses assessed.
| 44,187
|
Polymorphism at the G6pd and 6Pgd loci in Drosophila melanogaster. III. Developmental and biochemical aspects.
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The electrophoretic variants of G6PD and 6PGD isolated from the Bogota Drosophila melanogaster population were characterized developmentally and biochemically. Changes in in vitro enzyme activity during development were comparable to those found for other dehydrogenases: an increase in the larval and adult stage and a decrease in the pupal stage. During the whole life cycle the "S" enzyme of both loci showed a higher activity than the "F" enzyme. MgCl2 had a stimulating effect on the activity of both enzymes whereas their heat stability was decreased. The allozymes of 6PGD had different Vmax's but were comparable with respect to Km values, pH optimum, and stability at 45 C. the allozymes of G6PD showed different Vmax's and differed in stability at 35 C, but had similar Km values and pH optima. As the difference in stability was probably due to differences in molecular structure of the allozymes, the differences in activity found at high pH and high MgCl2 concentration were most probably due to this difference in stability.
| 44,188
|
[Influence of nicergoline on the cerebral blood flow and alpha-sympatholytical properties (author's transl)].
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The cerebral vasodilatory effect of 10-methoxy-1,6-dimethyl-ergoline-8 beta-methanol-(5-bromonicotinate) (nicergoline, Sermion) was examined by recording the cardiac output of the vertebral artery in the dog. As from a dosage of 25 micrograms/kg nicergoline increases permanently the cardiac output to a normal or nearly normal level which had been decreased by phenylephrine reducing the increased local vascular resistance. The alpha-sympatholytical properties of nicergoline were more precisely proved by reducing the reactive increase in blood pressure after epinephrine and norepinephrine (3 micrograms/kg) by administration of nicergoline in 3 doses (25, 50 and 100 micrograms/kg). The same method was used with phentalamine in dosages of 125, 250 and 500 micrograms/kg. The statistical comparison of the results obtained with both substances shows that the ratio of equiactive doses is about 3:1 in favour of nicergoline.
| 44,198
|
N-acylation of tyramines: purification and characterization of an arylamine N-acetyltransferase from rat brain and liver.
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The N-acylation of tyramine isomers and other biogenic amines has been studied. The liver exhibits the highest activity towards tyramines, while the brain exhibits a low but significant activity. In the brain, tyramine N-acylation activity was heterogenously distributed. The arylamine N-acetyltransferase has been partially purified from both rat liver and brain, the two enzymes being quite similar with respect to their chromatographic properties, optimal pH requirement (pH 7.8), and their kinetic parameters. The product N-acetyltyramine is not oxidized by liver amidohydrolase or monoamine oxidase.
| 44,212
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The action of tributyltin chloride on the uptake of proline and glutamine by intact cells of Escherichia coli.
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Tributyltin chloride inhibits growth and uptake of glutamine and proline into intact cells of Escherichia coli. It causes efflux of the accumulated amino acids. A pH gradient generated in intact cells and everted membrane vesicles is dissipated by this compound. These effects do not require lipoic acid but are dependent on the presence of chloride, bromide, or iodide ions. We conclude that tributyltin chloride can catalyse a transmembrane OH- -anion exchange exchange reaction and that this is its mode of inhibition of the uptake of these amino acids. The response of proline and glutamine uptake to the inhibitor is similar and is consistent with the transport of both amino acids requiring an electrochemical gradient of protons.
| 44,216
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The action of tributyltin chloride on energy-dependent transhydrogenation of NADP+ by NADH in membranes of Escherichia coli.
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Respiration- and ATP-dependent transhydrogenation of NADP+ by NADH in everted membrane vesicles from Escherichia coli is inhibited by nigericin but is relatively insensitive to valinomycin. The sensitivity to nigericin is enhanced 30-fold in the presence of valinomycin. It is concluded that both the transmembrane pH difference and the membrane potential constitute the driving force for energy-dependent transhydrogenation. Respiration- and ATP-dependent transhydrogenation are inhibited by tributyltin chloride. Although effects on the energization system have not been excluded, the inhibitor appears to react with a sulfhydryl group on the transhydrogenase enzyme. This inhibition is not dependent on the presence of a permeant anion and can be reversed by mono- and particularly di-thiol compounds. The transhydrogenase is also inhibited by 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), N-ethylmaleimide, p-chloromercuriphenyl sulfonic acid, and Zn2+, but these reagents are less effective than tributyltin chloride. Energy-independent transhydrogenation is inhibited at high concentrations (20 mM) of cysteine. The reason for this is unknown.
| 44,217
|
Detection of anticapsular antibodies to Bacteroides asaccharolyticus in serum from rabbits and humans by use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
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A sensitive serologic test, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), was used to detect serum IgG antibodies directed specifically to a capsular antigen of Bacteroides asaccharolyticus (previously known as Bacteroides melaninogenicus subspecies asaccharolyticus). Anticapsular IgG was measured in 30 specimens of rabbit serum after the animals were immunized with whole B. asaccharolyticus, the two subspecies of B. melaninogenicus, and several other bacterial species. Species-specific anticapsular IgG was demonstrated (P less than 0.001). Levels of anticapsular IgG greater than control levels were likewise detected in serum from two humans, including one patient who had periodontitis and from whom B. asaccharolyticus was isolated, and a laboratory worker who had extensive exposure over a two-year period to B. asaccharolyticus. The ELISA was found to be a relatively simple, sensitive tool for measurement of serum IgG. Its application to detection of immunoglobulins of other classes, including secretory IgA, is anticipated, provided adequate standardization methods are used.
| 44,309
|
Mitochondrial ATPase of Zajdela hepatoma. VI. Effect of extramitochondrial ATP and pH on uncoupler-sensitivity of mitochondrial ATPase activity.
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Coupled Zajdela hepatoma mitochondria were reported to exhibit uncoupler-insensitive ATPase activity. The results of this study show that under specific conditions the ATPase activity of Zajdela hepatoma mitochondria can be stimulated by uncouplers. These conditions include (a) the addition of ATP to the mitochondria before the uncoupler in the ATPase activity assay or (b) elevation of pH (above 8.5) of the ATPase activity assay medium.
| 44,347
|
Spontaneous generation of adriamycin semiquinone radicals at physiologic pH.
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Adriamycin semiquinone radicals are spontaneously generated by adriamycin solutions at physiologic pH. Rate of radical formation and equilibrium-state radical yield increase with increasing pH from 7.4 to 8.85. The radicals are oxygen sensitive, but the mechanism of radical formation is oxygen independent and associated with proton removal from the dihydroquinone of adriamycin. The less cardiotoxic and non-mutagenic (Ames test) anthracycline 5-iminodaunorubicin does not form semiquinone radicals spontaneously at physiologic pH.
| 44,371
|
Characterization of the two major species of slow reacting substance from rat basophilic leukemia cells as glutathionyl thioethers of eicosatetraenoic acids oxygenated at the 5 position. Evidence that peroxy groups are present and important for spasmogenic activity.
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The most prominent slow reacting substance from rat basophilic leukemia cells (type I) was characterized by radiochemical, chemical and physical methods and shown to contain a C20 unsaturated fatty acid oxygenated at the 5 position and a sulfur containing side chain in thioether linkage at the 6 position. Its spasmogenic action on guinea pig ileal muscle was largely inactivated under reducing conditions which suggested that a peroxy group was present and important for contractile activity. This was supported by ferrous thiocyanate analysis. The peroxy group is almost certainly at the 5 position, probably in the form of a peroxy ester or hydroperoxide. Based on amino acid hydrolysis (0.85 moles of glycine and 0.30 moles of glutamic acid per mole SRS), the sulfur containing side chain is apparently a mixture of glutathione and cysteinyl-glycine, but by chromatography the side chain is predominantly glutathione and the low yield of glutamic acid may be due to complexing of its alpha COOH group in a peroxy ester linkage. The fatty acid moiety has 3 conjugated double bonds, probably at the 7,8, 9,10 and 11,12 positions. Type II SRS, the second major species, differs in that the sulfur containing side chain is linked at the 12 or 13 position and is almost certainly glutathione and in the failure of alkaline borohydride to produce inactivation. These observations strongly implicate the lipoxygenase pathway in slow reacting substance biosynthesis.
| 44,377
|
Steps of thiosulfate oxidation by Thiobacillus thioparus and Th. coproliticus.
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Chromatographic analysis was used for studying steps of thiosulfate oxidation by Thiobacillus thioparus and Th. coproliticus strains, isolated from Egyptian soil. Th. thioparus strains oxidized S2O3 to SO4 with the formation of polythionates, tetrathionate in particular, during the course of oxidation. However, strains differed in other polythionates formed. Th. coproliticus, in turn, oxidized S2O3 to SO4 without polythionate formation. However, H2S was the only intermediate compound detected during oxidation.
| 44,416
|
The effect of propranolol on the serotonin concentration in the portal plasma after vagal nerve stimulation in the cat.
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Efferent cervical vagal nerve stimulation in the cat caused a marked increase of the portal plasma 5-HT concentration. This increase was more than two-fold within 15 min of stimulation. After cessation of stimulation portal plasma 5-HT returned to basal levels within 10 min. Treatment with the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol, in various doses (0.1-2 mg/kg b.wt.), did not abolish but significantly reduced the response to vagal stimulation, particularly during the final part of the stimulation period. The results confirm the existence of a beta-adrenoceptor-mediated release of 5-HT, but also suggest that other mechanisms for 5-HT release may be involved in the response on vagal nerve stimulation.
| 44,426
|
Cellular and environmental variables determining numbers of flagella in temperature-shocked Naegleria.
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Naegleria gruberi amebae normally transform into biflagellated cells. When subjected to high temperatures during flagellate differentiation, populations develop an average of 4-5 flagella/flagellate. Attempts to maximize this phenomenon by altering cellular and environmental variables revealed that: (a) few Naegleria isolates become multiflagellated: strain NB-1 gives the greatest response to heat shocks; (b) temperature is the most critical variable: highest numbers of flagella are obtained only if cells are temperature-shocked at precisely 38.2 +/- 0.1 C, then returned to 19-22 C to complete differentiation; (c) although pH alone does not affect numbers of flagella, a pH optimum of 5.5-7.0 exists for temperature-shocked cells; and (d) single cells in microdrops become multiflagellated, but the population response is density-dependent. Optimal conditions are described for growing, washing, and transforming amebae to generate reproducibly highest numbers of flagella.
| 44,524
|
Seizure proneness and neurotransmitter uptake.
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The ability of midbrain homogenates from two strains of mice to accumulate several putative neurotransmitters, or their precursor in the case of acetylcholine, has been examined. The high-affinity transport mechanisms toward glutamate, GABA, dopamine, and glycine were similar in both strains. The seizure-prone DBA21BG strain had a significantly higher capacity to transport choline than did the relatively seizure-resistant C57BL/6 IBC mice. Howaver, no difference in the density of muscarinic binding sites in the two mouse strains was found.
| 44,544
|
[Oxidative degradation of dibenzylsulfide].
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Dibenzylsulfid (DBS) as a model of the organic sulfur compounds in crude oil was converted by a mixed culture (containing Pseudomonas aeruginosa) into several water soluble organic substances. Whereas these compounds are detectable with DC- and IR-spectroscopic techniques, benzylmercaptoacetic acid (BMA) was the only isolated product of DBS utilization. Efficiency of degradation, respectively, accumulation of BMA were dependent on aeration and pH-regulation.
| 44,589
|
A comparison of the non-specific acid phosphomonoesterase activity in the larva of Phocanema decipiens (Nematoda) with that of the muscle of its host the codfish (Gadus morhua).
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The non-specific phosphomonoesterase (enzyme I) extracted from the larva of the codworm (Phocanema decipiens) is different from the enzyme (enzyme II) from the muscle of its host, the codfish (Gadus morhua). The pH optima were 4.0 and 4.5, and the KM values for p-nitrophenyl phosphate hydrolysis were 1.8 mM and 6.5 mM for enzymes I and II respectively. The specific specific activity in units (0.01 mumol/min) per mg protein was 4.80 +/- 0.85 and 0.54 +/- 0.07 for enzymes I and II respectively. The specific activity from uninfected muscles was only 0.39 (SD +/- 0.017) units per mg of protein. Both enzymes were inhibited by NaF, HgCl2, and cysteine but were stimulated by 2-mercaptoethanol. EDTA and iodoacetamide had no effect on enzyme I but enzyme II was activated by EDTA and inhibited by iodoacetamide. Cadmium ions inhibited both the enzymes but a conspicuous feature with enzyme II was in the increase in percentage inhibition by lowering the concentration of CD2+.
| 44,595
|
Activity of L-asparaginase in cells of Streptomyces karnatakensis.
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Eight isolates capable of producing varying quantities of L-asparaginase and all identified as members of the genus Streptomyces were isolated from the soil and a suitable technique for the assay of intracellular L-asparaginase in actinomycetes was developed. The most potent L-asparaginase producer was identified as a strain of Streptomyces karnatakensis. Static cultures of S. karnatakensis showed maximum enzyme activity with almost maximum growth while shaken cultures exhibited their activity after 48 hours of growth. This phenomenon is discussed in terms of possible feedback mechanism and/or the biosynthesis of certain pigments. L-asparaginase of S. karnatakensis proved to be mostly intracellular and the presence of L-asparagine in the culture medium though, stimulating yet not essential for the enyzme biosynthesis. Cells grown on L-asparagine showed amidase activity with other amides but at a reduced rate.
| 44,600
|
[Experiences in the treatment of gas gangrene in accident surgery (author's transl)].
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It is reported on 105 patients with gas gangrene. 68 cases were caused by accident, 7 of them died. Only the gas chromatographic identification of toxin in blood was needed to assure diagnosis. In 46 cases of gas gangrene localized in the lower limbs, amputation was necessary in 12 cases; in 5 cases gangrene in the lower leg, in 7 cases in the thigh. In ten cases of disease in the upper limbs three amputations were necessary. If OHP is implicated as soon as possible in the therapy of gas gangrene, in most cases local necrectomy with maintenance of the limb will be sufficient, if amputation was necessary, it was localized in the region of infection.
| 44,647
|
Four-fold structural repeat in the acid proteases.
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The observation that the acid proteases contain two structurally equivalent lobes related by a dyad through the active centre has been extended to show that in endothiapepsin each lobe contains two similar halves related by a further local dyad. In lobe 1 22 pairs of alpha-carbons are equivalent with a root mean square deviation of 1.92 A. In lobe 2 17 pairs match within 2.31 A. Convergent evolution or gene quadruplication may have occurred.
| 44,681
|
[Epidemiologic features of pneumococcal meningitis in Africa. Clinical and serotypical aspects (author's transl)].
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Pneumococcal meningitis, because of their frequency and their severity, are regarded as an important problem of Public Health in Africa. In a great number of African countries, particularly Equatorial and Central Africa, the pneumococcus is the first agent of bacterial meningitis. The annual prevalence is estimated as about 14/100 000 persons. The case fatality rate (on 1 600 cases) is 49,5% ; the annual mortality reaches about 7/100 000 (28 000 annual deaths in Africa). The babies and the old persons are more exposed to the risk, with an annual prevalence of 28,5/100 000 before five years old, and of 16,1/100 000 after sixty years old. The risk is small between five and forty five years old. The risk is very high in patients homozygous for sickle-cell disease. The spread of all detected serotypes, by descending frequency is : 1, 5, 6, 3, 23, 12, 2, 14, 9, 18, 19, 4, 8, 29, 40, others (Danish system of nomenclature). The distribution according to age is indicated by the authors. A vaccine with only 8 serotypes (1, 5, 6, 3, 23, 12, 2, 14) could cover 80% of serotypes in Dakar. For the babies, addition to pneumococcal vaccine with polyribose phosphate of Haemophilus influenzae b, could be useful, because high prevalence of meningitis with this germ before five years old in Africa.
| 44,737
|
[Pneumococcal serotyping. Multicentric inventory in hospital. Years 1977-1978 (author's transl)].
|
For a period of 17 months, 670 pneumococci, mostly isolated in the Paris area, have been typed with contercurrent-immunoelectrophoresis ; 338 of them come from cases of pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis and acute otitis media. An important regrouping of the most frequent serotypes among the 83 known serotypes makes possible a vaccinal prophylaxis. The tetradecavalent vaccine which is now for sale in USA gives, in the four main pathologies of this enquiry, a coverage superior to 80 percent. Choosing the 14 most frequent serotypes of the four main pathologies of their data the authors propose the following vaccinal formula : 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15, 18, 19, 23.
| 44,741
|
[The influence of a beta-adrenolytic premedication on cardiovascular parameters and plasma free fatty acids during esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (author's transl)].
|
Three groups of patients with different premedications were examined for changes of blood pressure, heart rate, ECG and plasma free fatty acid levels during esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy: Group A was premedicated with Bunitrolol, group B was premedicated with Hyoscin-N-butyl-bromide and diazepam, group C was endoscopied without premedication. The pulse rate rose significantly less in group A than in groups A and C; the same phenomenon was observed with regard to the systolic blood pressure. Premature beats occurred in all 3 groups: 32 per cent of the patients in group A, 43 per cent in group B and 60 per cent in group C had at least occasional premature beats; an accumulation of premature beats however occurred significantly less frequently in group A than in groups B or C. A drop of the ST-part of the ECG occurred with about the same frequency in each group. An increase of the plasma free fatty acids, which was noted in groups B and C, could be observed in Group A. A pre-endoscopic medication of beta blocking agents could be a useful measure in patients with labile arterial hypertension, vegatative dysregulation and a hyperkinetic heart syndrome.
| 44,770
|
[An oral enteritis-vaccine composed of twelve heat inactivated Enterobacteriaceae. 1. Communication: Theoretical and epidemiological considerations (author's transl)].
|
The infectious diseases of the human intestinal tract which are caused by bacteria must be distinguished into two groups on account of their different pathogenesis: the cyclic infections (typhoid fever, parathyphoid fever) and the local infections (cholera, dysentery, Salmonella enteritis, dyspepsia coli infections). The local infections of the intestine do not cause a systemic but only a local immunity of the intestinal mucosa. It is necessary therefore to induce local immunity as active immunoprophylaxis by orally administering inactivated antigens. The twelve-fold enteritis vaccine consists of full antigens of 6 Salmonella strains, 2 Shigella strains, and 4 enteropathogenic coli strains pretreated by heat-inactivation (3 min/100 degrees C). The following should be considered as indication to effect active immunoprophylaxis against enteritis: Travelling into tropical and subtropical countries, people in emergency areas, children in developing countries, workers in food industries, secondary hospital infections, and carriers. The active mouse protection test revealed that oral immunization with enterobacteriaceae does not only deliver the well-known specific effect but also a non-specific effect which included the protection against other related enterobacteriaceae. Moreover, the specific component of the combined vaccine is enhanced by heterologous components. The resulting synergism or the adjuvantal effect, respectively, allows to employ a relatively limited number of germs which are selected on the basis of high pathogenicity, good immunogenicity, and great frequency. The first field trial with the twelve-fold vaccine was completed successfully: Following an infection with Salmonella which affected the employees of a fowl slaughtery, eight different species could be demonstrated; the above described polyvalent vaccine was orally administered and proved to be successful. The latter case clearly demonstrates the fast-acting effect of the vaccine on account of the heterologous bacterial antigens contained therein. 51 out of 60 Salmonella carriers excreted germs of a different antigen pattern not contained in the vaccine. However, the good results obtained showed that the species chosen for the vaccine were still sufficiently effective to cover the wide spectrum of other species of related enterobacteriaceae.
| 44,783
|
Identification of anaerobes on the Minitek System, compared to a conventional system.
|
The Minitek Miniaturized System (BBL) was compared to a conventional method (V.P.I.) for the indentification of anaerobes. Anaerobiosis was achieved by using the GasPak system (BBL) and a glove box. Gram staining, colonial morphology, gas-liquid chromatography and biochemical reactions as detailed in the Virginia Polytechnic Institute anaerobe laboratory manual were compared to the biochemical results obtained on the Minitek system. A total of 32 anaerobes was used. The percentage of correlation was an overall 98.2%. Discrepancies were found mostly in the production of indole, the reduction of nitrate, and the hydrolysis of aesculin. A further 95 anaerobes were tested on these three reactions, and found to give an overall agreement of 92.9%. It was found necessary to use some additional tests as well as gas-liquid chromatography for definitive identification. The microsystem was also evaluated as to time saved, cost and ease of use.
| 44,787
|
[Virological diagnosis of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (author's transl)].
|
Among 180 patients with proved adenovirus infection of the eye, 144 infections with adenovirus 8 (Ad 8) were found. 11 or 7 patients were infected with Ad 19 or Ad 4 respectively; further 18 cases were associated with 6 other serotypes. The main symptoms of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) (pronounced inflammatory swelling of the plica and caruncula, nummular corneal infiltations) are not confined to Ad 8 infections. For the virological diagnosis, a combination of virus isolation and serology is recommended. Virus isolation is mostly successful from conjunctival swabs obtained during the first week of the disease. For serological investigation, the first blood specimen should be taken as early as possible, the second not earlier than 15 days after onset of disease. The mere application of the group-specific adenovirus complement-fixation is insufficient; it should be supplied by neutralization and hemagglutination-inhibition with Ad 8 (or Ad 19) virus, although these reactions are not invariably type-specific. A swifter diagnosis of the adenovirus infection by immunofluorescence performed in cell cultures inoculated with conjunctival material, 3 or 7 days after inoculation, was often successful; however, this procedure proved to be less sensitive than virus isolation.
| 44,795
|
[Chronic pyelonephritis of older and old patients--a diagnostic problem in general medical practice (author's transl)].
|
Chronic pyelonephritis is the most common renal disease of old age. The number of registered cases of this disease is below current diagnostic possibilities, since chronic urinary tract infection and chronic pyelonephritis still too rarely play a role in differential diagnostic considerations. Because of the insecure reliability of anamnesis and complaints reported by the patients the uroscopic examination of the urine and bacteriologic diagnostics are of special importance. These examinations can be carried out in general medical practice and they will lead to a diagnosis of chronic pyelonephritis with relatively high probability.
| 44,816
|
Restricted chimerism of peripheral blood cells after transplantation of allogeneic hemopoietic tissue in rabbits.
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Allogeneic bone marrow or spleen cells were transplanted in rabbits treated with a single dose of 110 kmg/g of cyclophosphamide or four doses of 50 mg/kg. Chimerism of peripheral blood cells occurred in about 50% of the recipients, lasting from about the 14th day until 180 days after transplantation. The chimerism was limited to some kinds of cells since dissociation of proliferation of hemopoietic cells and split chimerism of lymphocytes were observed. Dissociation of proliferation of hemopoietic cells consisted in the appearance of only one cell line, namely lymphocytes, whereas the erythrocyte cells did not proliferate. Split chimerism occurred within lymphocytes, manifested by the presence of the donor's T lymphocytes but absence of proliferation of the donor's B lymphocytes.
| 44,834
|
The role of ATP and lactic acid for mitochondrial function during myocardial ischemia.
|
Phosphorylation rates of canine heart mitochondria isolated after various periods of myocardial ischemia after cardioplegic arrest were correlated with the myocardial ATP-, lactate- and undissociated lactic acid content as well as with interstitial H+-concentration. The following correlation coefficients were found: ATP: 0.87, lactate: 0.93, interstitial H+: 0.73. The calculated undissociated lactic acid content and the mitochondrial phosphorylation rate during ischemia showed a correlation coefficient of r = 0.95. Swelling measurements of mitochondria, isolated immediately after cardioplegic arrest, demonstrated that an undissociated lactic acid- and an ATP-concentration of 70 microM and 28 microM respectively are necessary for a half maximal swelling reaction under anaerobic conditions. The results suggest that the accumulation of undissociated lactic acid during myocardial ischemia could play an important role for mitochondrial damage in vivo.
| 44,843
|
[Iatrogenic depression (author's transl)].
|
A number of drugs are traditionally blamed for causing depression: in general medicine, the antihypertensives, the oral contraceptives and the appetite suppressants; in psychiatry, the neuroleptics. The identification of iatrogenic depression is difficult methodologically, for two reasons: 1. Detection of the depression. 2. Linking convincingly that state of depression with the administration of a particular drug, given the presence of many non-pharmacological factors. The literature and the experience of clinicians provide fairly contradictory evidence, but an analysis of published work calls for the following observations: --the type and severity of depression are rarely specified;--a history of psychiatric disorder is commonly stressed;--the specific role of the disability caused by physical or mental illness and the need to use palliative rather than curative measures are usually underestimated;--biochemically, it is surprising that the effects which some of these drugs are known to have upon the cerebral amines do not cause more depression of mood. In fact, if we consider how widely the drugs incriminated are used, it is clear that real drug-caused depression is rather uncommon.
| 44,864
|
A redefinition of normal acid-base equilibrium in man: carbon dioxide tension as a key determinant of normal plasma bicarbonate concentration.
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It has been shown recently that normal acid-base equilibrium in the dog is characterized by a strong positive correlation between plasma bicarbonate concentration and PCO2. The present study was undertaken to examine the possibility that a similar relationship between normal levels of PCO2 and plasma bicarbonate might be present in man. The results indicate that values for bicarbonate within the normal range are highly dependent upon the prevailing level of PCO2 ([HCO3-] = 0.36 PaVCO2 + 10.4; r = 0.73). Thus, approximately 50% of the normal variance in bicarbonate concentration is explained simply by the variance in PCO2. The joint confidence region for bicarbonate concentration and PCO2, that can be derived from these data provides a new and more rigorous definition of normal acid-base equilibrium in man.
| 44,886
|
Further observations on a low-molecular-weight natriuretic substance in the urine of normal man.
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Large quantities of the low-molecular-weight natriuretic material (F4), which appears after the salts when fractionated on G-25 Sephadex column, were obtained from the urine of normal man on a normal diet. The natriuretic substance in F4 was (1) untrafiltrable through a membrane with a claimed molecular-weight cut-off of 500 daltons (Amicon UMO5); (2) soluble in more polar organic solvents; (3) totally soluble in 95% acetone when specific activity was doubled; (4) relatively resistant to heating at 100 degrees C for 1 hour at a pH of 10, and to heating at 110 degrees C in 6 N hydrochloric acid for up to 90 hours under anaerobic conditions, and treatment with nitrous acid; it was less resistant to these procedures when extracted into 95% acetone; (5) not destroyed by trypsin, chymotrypsin, pronase, pepsin, leucine aminopeptidase, and subtilysin, nor was it destroyed by pepsin, leucine aminopeptidase, subtilysin, carboxypeptidase A and B, and aminopeptidase M, or by monoamine oxidase, aryl sulphatase, and beta-glucuronidase when extracted into 95% acetone. The natriuretic substance in the 95% acetone-soluble F4 was totally destroyed by incubation with prolidase. The least amount of 95% acetone-soluble F4 required to produce a significant natriuresis in the bioassay rat was that derived from a 7-min sample of urine. The maximal response was obtained from a 30-min sample of urine. Continuous i.v. infusion of the 95% acetone-soluble F4 for 40 min produced a sustained natriuresis, whereas a greater amount injected as a bolus produced an effect which was not sustained beyond 20 min.
| 44,887
|
Comparative in vitro microbiological activity and stability of cefaclor.
|
The in vitro activity of cefaclor was compared with that of cephalexin and cephradine. This new antibiotic was the most active of the oral agents against Haemophilus influenzae (especially non-beta-lactamase producing strains). It was also significantly more active against N. gonorrhoeae and the Enterobacteriaceae. The instability in agar raises some issues that need further study.
| 44,910
|
The breakdown of adenine nucleotides in glucose-depleted human red cells.
|
1) The rate of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate breakdown is independent of pH value. 2) The adenine nucleotide pattern at alkaline pH values with its characteristic lowering of ATP and the accompanying accumulation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is caused by a relative excess of the activity of the hexokinase-phosphofructokinase system as compared wity pyruvate kinase. 3) The breakdown of adenine nucleotides proceeds via AMP mainly through phosphatase and not via AMP deaminase. 4) The constancy of the sum of nucleotides as long as glucose is present is postulated to be due to resynthesis via adenosine kinase which competes successfully with adenosine deaminase. 5) A procedure is given to calculate ATPase activity of glucose-depleted red cells. The results indicate that the ATPase activity is less at lower pH values and declines with time. An ATPase with a high Km for ATP is postulated. 6) During glucose depletion ATP production is mostly derived from the breakdown of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate and the supply from the pentose phosphate pool both of which proceed at a constant rate. The contribution of pentose phosphate from the breakdown of adenine nucleotides amounts to 40% of the lactate formed at pH 6.8 and is about twice the lactate at pH 8.1.
| 44,952
|
Pharmacological reactions of the circular muscle of the guinea pig vas deferens.
|
Pharmacological responses of spiral strips prepared from the guinea pig vas deferens to various adrenergic and cholinergic agonists and autacoids were studied. On the circular muscle alpha adrenergic, muscarinic cholinergic and histaminergic receptors were identified. The responses evoked on the circular and longitudinal muscles were of the same type.
| 44,960
|
[Changes in erythrocyte lipids in severe septic states].
|
In cases of major sepsis the erythrocyte lipids undergo significant change especially when there is concomitant hepatic insufficiency and this in turn lead to alteration in the blood viscosity and very probably to the genesis of disorders of coagulation.
| 44,969
|
Some properties of lipase from Geotrichum asteroides.
|
The optimal conditions for the manifestation of the lipase activity of an enzyme preparation from the culture liquid of the fungus Geotrichum asteroides were determined. It was found that the rate of hydrolysis depends on the substrate concentration, the enzyme concentration, and the reaction time. The lipase from G. asteroids is rather stable--it loses practically no activity in a year at 4 degrees C. The temperature optimum of the enzyme preparation is 37 degrees. The lipase from G. asteroides is most active at pH 8.0; it retains its activity when kept for 3 h in a reaction medium with a pH from 3 to 10.
| 45,005
|
[Hypereosinophilic syndrome. Centrifugal annular erythema as an initial manifestation].
|
Several closely related conditions make up the idopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. This syndrome is characterized by persistent and prolonged eosinophilia. The most frequent lesions are in the hematologic, neurologic and gastrointestinal systems. A case is reported in which the initial complaint was an erythema annulare centrifugum.
| 45,030
|
Danger of haemodialysis using acetate dialysate in combination with a large surface area dialyser.
|
Large surface area, high mass transfer dialysers have recently come into widespread use, and it has been shown that they promote the loss of large amounts of bicarbonate when acetate is used in the dialysate. The present study was designed to confirm these metabolic consequences and quantitatively to compare two commonly used dialysers in this respect. Simultaneous measurement of arterial and venous blood gases has shown that there is a significant reduction in bicarbonate, carbon dioxide tension, and pH of blood returning to the patient from the dialyser. These changes were greatest with the 2,5-m2 hollow-fibre dialyser, and least with the 1,4-m2 coil dialyser. In the chronic dialysis patient in a steady state, these effects may be inconsequential but, in an acutely ill patient, the combination of a dialysate containing acetate and a high-efficiency dialyser may be extremely hazardous. A return to the use of bicarbonate as the source of base would avoid such hazards and would promote the more physiological correction of the metabolic acidosis of renal failure.
| 45,059
|
Spontaneous labor and elective induction--a prospective randomized study. I. Effects on mother and fetus.
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In a prospective randomized study spontaneous and oxytocin induced labor "for convenience" have been compared with respect to uterine activity, duration of labor, the condition of the fetus and the newborn infant. The study consists of 84 normal patients, of whom 43 were induced at full term by amniotomy and oxytocin infusion using the Cardiff Infusion System Mark II; 41 patients served as controls. No difference in maternal age, number of previous pregnancies and pelvic score one week before the day of delivery were found between the groups. The following parameters were calculated: duration of labor, uterine activity, amount of bleeding in the third stage of labor, number of early and late decelerations as well as number of episodes of bradycardia in the CTG-recordings, birth weight, Apgar score one and five minutes post-delivery and blood gases in mother and child 60 seconds after delivery. No significant differences between the two groups were found. It is concluded that there are no increased risks to mother or fetus compared to normal labor provided that there is cephalic presentation and normal pregnancy, careful selection with respect to the length of pregnancy and the condition of the cervix and that the Cardiff infusion system is used with intrauterine pressure recording and continuous fetal heart monitoring.
| 45,068
|
Techniques for laparoscopy on patients with previous abdominal surgery.
|
Many clinicans are hesitant to perform laparoscopy on patients with previous intra-abdominal surgery, because of increased risk of hemorrhage or intestinal perforation in the presence of abdominal adhesions. Experiences and techniques used in Grady Memorial Hospital to increase the safety of laparoscopic procedures performed on patients with extensive abdominal adhesions are discussed.
| 45,097
|
Inherent ranges of seminal prolactin in pre- and postvasectomy subjects.
|
Seminal immunoreactive prolactin (i prolactin) was studied in 14 healthy subjects, ages 31 +/- 2 SEM, before and after undergoing elective vassectomy for birth control. Seminal plasma was separated within 2 hours of ejaculation, and prolactin was measured in duplicate by radioimmunoassay. The difference between the prevasectomy (mean +/- SEM 11.1 +/- 0.8 ng/ml) and postvasectomy seminal i prolactin (mean +/- 9.9 +/- 0.7 ng/ml) was statistically significant (mean +/- SEM 1.21 +/- 0.53 ng/ml, paired t-test, t = 2.36, P < 0.05). The mean prevasectomy seminal prolactin correlated with the corresponding mean postvasectomy value of the same subject (linear regression analyses, r = 0.77, P < 0.001). This study suggested that the accessory sex organs were the major source of seminal immunoreactive prolactin, and that a minor contribution might come from the in vivo presence of spermatozoa and/or testicular secretions. It also suggested that the magnitude of seminal immunoreactive prolactin was characteristic for each individual.
| 45,102
|
Serum prolactin levels following intramuscular chlorpromazine: two- and three-hour response as predictors of six-hour response.
|
Neuroendocrine studies that examine the changes in serum prolactin levels following intramuscular (im) neuroleptics have usually monitored prolactin levels before and for 90 minutes to 3 hours after neuroleptic injection. Recent studies have suggested that this may be an inadequate period of time. In the present study, six male and four female psychiatric inpatients, who had not received neuroleptic medication for at least 1 week before the study began, received an injection of chlorpromazine (CPZ) 25 mg im; serum prolactin levels were monitored for 6 hours after injection. Peak serum prolactin levels occurred at 60 minutes in one subject, 90 minutes in three subjects, 120 minutes in two subjects, 180 minutes in three subjects, and 240 minutes in one subject. Area under the serum prolactin curve at 2 hours and area under the curve at 3 hours after CPZ injection were found to be good predictors (r = 0.86; r = 0.95, respectively) of 6-hour area under the curve. Two-hour studies should therefore not be considered inadequate; however, a 3-hour study length results in more precise characterization of prolactin response to im CPZ.
| 45,130
|
Myosin and actin containing cells in the human postnatal thymus. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical findings in normal thymus and in myasthenia gravis.
|
Samples of normal human thymus of different ages (4-63 years old) were studied by immunofluorescence microscopy (using antibodies to smooth muscle myosin, to actin from the chicken gizzard, and antibodies to myosin from human striated muscle) as well as by routine electron microscopy. Thymus tissue from myasthenia gravis patients was also investigated for comparative reasons. Epithelial cells reacted with anti-smooth, but not with anti-striated muscle myosin, whereas myoid cells reacted with antibodies to striated, but not to smooth muscle myosin. Both epithelial and myoid cells displayed a strong immunoreactivity with antiactin. Corresponding to this immunoreactivity, both cell types contained bundles of thin, actin-like filaments. Myoid cells occurred in the rounded and elongated variety, and they were a normal constituent of all thymuses investigated in this study. Ultrastructurally, this non-innervated, striated muscle-like cell type possessed bundles of thin and thick filaments as well as Z lines in a rather disorganized arrangement, resembling striated muscle after denervation or various other pathologic conditions. There were no overt differences in the number and structure of myoid cells between healthy and myasthenic patients.
| 45,151
|
[Studies of the antibody heterogeneity in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). I. Electrophoretic and isoelectric spectra of anti-DNP-antibodies].
|
Carp IgM as well as carp anti-DNP-antibodies migrate electrophoretically very well as a diffuse band into polyacrylamide gel of large pore size. The isoelectric spectra of the carp anti-DNP-antibodies are heterogeneous and show bands in the pI-range of 4.0 to 6.4. The activity of focused anti-DNP-antibodies could be demonstrated in the pI range between 5.4 to 6.4 even in high antibody dilutions. The investigated structural heterogeneity of the anti-DNP-antibodies of carp is a further proof for the phylogenetically early onset of a large antibody heterogeneity of lower vertebrates.
| 45,163
|
[Effect of a histamine aerosol in 20 subjects with histamine hyperreactivity. Application to a study of the protective properties of pipoxizine].
|
The authors made a study of the antihistaminic properties of Pipoxizine in 20 subjects with proven histaminic hyperreactivity. The design of the trial consisted in comparing the changes of VC, FEC1, expiratory airway resistance and V50 produced by a histamine aerosol given before and after administration of Pipoxizine. Pipoxizine was given by mouth to 10 patients and intravenously to the other 10 of the group. The statistical analysis of the results demonstrated an antagonist effect of Pipoxizine on the histamine induced bronchoconstriction. The data of this trial are confirmative of the results of other experimenters. It seems therefore reasonable to take into consideration the use of Pipoxizine in the preventive treatment of the paroxystic attacks of the asthmatic disease.
| 45,187
|
[The quality of preserved blood].
|
The examinations of 30 blood samples each preserved with three Yugoslav different ACD-solutions were performed. The blood samples were stored at 2-6 degrees C and examinations were performed at the day of blood donation and after on the 7th, 14th and 21st day during the storage. Differences in hematocrit (well known dilution effect of the ACD-solutions used) and intensive morphological and chemical changes were found in all blood samples regardless the type of ACD-solution used. It was shown that the permanently increasing number morphologically altered erythrocytes (echinocytes and spherocytes) and the excessive release of hemoglobin and potassium from erythrocytes were occurred during the storage of blood samles. Too, there were noticed significant decrease of pH values enormous accumulation of ammoniac and other metabolic producta.
| 45,192
|
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