title
stringlengths 0
1.13k
| abstract
stringlengths 1
15.7k
| PMID
int64 22
36.5M
|
|---|---|---|
Hyperthermia in the treatment of cancer.
|
There is now considerable evidence that heat can be used to destroy tumours. The metabolism of many types of cancer cell is selectively damaged at temperatures of 42-43 degrees C, and deficient tumour blood-flow at raised temperature represents a further exploitable Achilles heel. A striking feature of tumour heating is that metastases may regress with cure of the host; this has occurred with recurrent melanoma and sarcomas of the limbs. Heat acts synergistically with X-rays and some cytotoxic drugs to increase the therapeutic ratio for local tumour control. Guidelines for tumour heating are now being formulated against a strong experimental background in animal systems. The association of a wide variety of disciplines from oncology to electronics has already resulted in techniques for selectively treating human tumours at 50 degrees C and in internal heat applicators for insertion via natural passages. It is predicted that heat will achieve a place, most likely as an adjuvant, in cancer therapy. Work on animals and in vitro is of limited value in helping to define this place. The complexity of the tumour/host response to heat and the deficiencies in our knowledge of the biophysics of heating militate against early routine application of hyperthermia in the clinic.
| 84,218
|
Isolation of alpha-1 fetoprotein.
|
A suitable method of the isolation of alpha-1 fetoprotein for the needs of enzyme immunoassay of this oncofetal antigen is described. By combining isoelectric focusing and "indirect" affinity chromatography the preparation of alpha-1 fetoprotein was obtained that was not contaminated with IgG, contrary to the isolation performed by means of "direct" affinity chromatography on a carrier with coupled anti-alpha-1 fetoprotein antibodies, or other immunochemical methods that usually yielded contaminated preparations. Neither disc electrophoresis in PAA gel, immunoelectrophoresis, double radial immunodiffusion, nor biological experiments revealed any traces of ballast proteins in the resulting preparation; it seems suitable both for the preparation of monovalent antisera of a sufficient avidity, and as a standard for enzyme immunoassay.
| 84,345
|
Clinical evaluation of radio-labelled bleomycin for tumor detection.
|
Investigations with bleomycin labelled with radionuclides other than 57Co in patients with cancer and in tumor-bearing animals are described. In patients 57Co-bleo appears to be a better tumor-seeking radiopharmaceutical than 111In-bleo, 99mTc-bleo or 197Hg-bleo. This can be explained by a higher stability in vivo and a better tumor-seeking property of 57Co-bleo and less disturbing activity in the cardiac pool and in bone and other normal tissues when assessing the scintigram. Results with 111In-bleo labelled in acidic solution are not essentially different from those with 111In-bleo labelled in neutral solution. Results of 197Hg-bleo are almost identical with those of 197HgCl2 regarding the tumor-seeking effect as well as the distribution in normal tissues and organs. Probably the complex of 197Hg to bleomycin is not stable in vivo. The superiority of 57Co-bleo over 99mTc-bleo, 197Hg-bleo and also over 67Cu-bleo is confirmed by experiments on tumor bearing animals. We may conclude that the indication for use of bleomycin as a tumor-seeking pharmaceutical labelled with 111In, 99mTc, 197Hg or 67Cu seems to be very limited.
| 84,374
|
Interaction of phosphatidylserine with mast cells.
|
Phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) potentiates histamine secretion from mast cells exposed to concanavalin A and Ca2+. In order to identify the form of PtdSer that is responsible for its effect on mast cell secretion, PtdSer containing a tritium-labeled serine moiety (3H-PtdSer) was synthesized from egg yolk phosphatidylcholine. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 3H-PtdSer and the binding isotherm for 3H-PtdSer interaction with mast cells were determined. The midpoints of the binding isotherm and the dose-response curve for potentiation of secretion coincide and are 2 orders of magnitude greater than the CMC. The shape of the binding curve is explicable either in terms of simple binding of preformed PtdSer micelles or of cooperative binding of monomeric PtdSer in which the number of molecules cooperatively associating with a mast cell binding site is equal to the number of monomers in a PtdSer micelle. In either case, at equilibrium, PtdSer micelles are bound to the mast cells. The number of PtdSer molecules bound to a single mast cell at equilibrium was estimated to be 3.7 X 10(9).
| 84,384
|
[Transurethral electroresection--an alternative to the indwelling catheter of old patients with prostatic hypertrophy].
|
The people become elder in this time, everywhere. The number of patients with adenoma of the prostate is increasing. Most of them have other diseases, too. A retrospective study (2646 cases in 8 years, exactly specially analysed 469 cases from 1975/1976) was done, comparing the results of TUR and open surgery. Well known is the lower risk of TUR, the lower blood loss, the lower discomfort, the lower nursing in the postoperative period ect. There are not news in this study. But it is important, to recall some things, because it's more and more difficult, to classify an old man as an "inoperable case". Nobody knows, where he should stay. The family does not like him at home (his "dripping", his incontinence etc.) In the veterans house it's the same problem, and from the hospital he is removed, because he is an "inoperable case". The situation of this old man is very bad, because he feels there isn't a place for him and nobody likes him. Each man, also if it's the strongest one, will be broken psychically and physically after a short time. Concerning these aspects, must be enlarged the indication of removal the bladder neck obstruction per transurethral resection, more and more.
| 84,444
|
[Determination of human IgI allotypes by using a set of stable erythrocyte antigenic diagnostica of varying specificity].
|
Technology of preparing a set of stable antigenic diagnostic agents of commercial type for determination of genetic determinants of human IgG and antibodies to them in the human blood sera and in the animal hyperimmune sera was worked out. Antisera against some human IgG allotypes were prepared. The frequency of detection of individual IgG allotypes and antibodies to them in human sera was studied.
| 84,455
|
Serum alkaline phosphatase activity in acrodermatitis enteropathica: an index of the serum zinc level.
|
A significant positive correlation between serum zinc and serum alkaline phosphatase levels was demonstrated in four patients suffering from acrodermatitis enterophathica for which they received oral zinc sulphate therapy. In one of the male patients a significant inverse relation between serum zinc and serum copper was found.
| 84,482
|
Penetration of 65Zn through the skin of rats.
|
A study has been made of the penetration of 65Zn from various zinc chloride solutions, from a zinc oxide suspension and from a zinc tape containing zinc oxide through the intact skin of rats. 65Zn rapidly appeared in the blood and other tissues. The maximum 65Zn activity in serum occurred within or around the first hour after the application of both zinc chloride and zinc oxide almost completely independent of the zinc concentration applied and the pH. A greater total penetration of 65Zn was found from a carrier-free 65Zn-zinc chloride solution at pH 1 than from the same solution made less acidic (pH 4) and from a zinc oxide suspension at pH 8 (125 microgram Zn/ml). The 65 Zn penetration from the carrier-free solution was slightly (though not significantly) higher than that from the same solution with zinc chloride added to bring the total zinc concentration to 125 microgram/ml. Autoradiographically, 65Zn activity was seen in both dermis and panniculus carnosus. The activity was most concentrated on and near the epidermis and around hair follicles in dermis. No differences were observed between animals treated with zinc chloride (pH 1 and pH 4) and animals treated with a zinc oxide suspension.
| 84,485
|
Hormonal analysis and delayed hypersensitivity reactions in identical twins with severe acne.
|
Identical twins aged 17 and another pair aged 21 are described. One pair had febrile ulcerative conglobate acne; the other, cystic acne. The location of acne, the type of the lesions and the course of the disease were very similar in the two twins of each pair. The testosterone levels of the 17-year-old pair varied and their acne was in the active stage, while the 21-year-old pair had high testosterone levels and their acne was abating. The 17-year-old pair had negative Mantoux reactions and they reacted negatively to DNCB sensitization. The authors suggest that acne skin may have a certain genetically determined local factor, e.g. hormone receptor, which gives rise to acne in a certain hormonal situation.
| 84,495
|
Abnormal glucose tolerance associated with lichen planus.
|
A study was made of 52 patients with lichen planus. Abnormal oral glucose tolerance was found in 19 (36%), including 5 with overt diabetes. The criteria for abnormality were based on an age-related score method. A family history of diabetes was found to be present in 14 (26%). The most common abnormality observed in the glucose tolerance test was an elevation of the blood glucose level 2 hours after administration of the glucose. These results further support the supposition of a disorder in carbohydrate metabolism associated with lichen planus.
| 84,497
|
Multiple glomus tumours: a report of a family in Denmark.
|
In a family affected by multiple glomus tumours, one of the members had approximately 500 tumours spread over the entire skin. The histopathological similarity to cavernous haemangioma is emphasized. We consider that multiple glomus tumour is a more common skin disease than is assumed today.
| 84,502
|
The occurrence of homoreactant factors and the examination of their influence on IgG synthesis.
|
Authors studied the occurrence of antibodies agglutinating IgG determinants with Rh positive red blood cells covered with IgG molecules of anti-Rh(D) activity treated with papain, pepsin, and trypsin. The occurrence of Fab antibodies was studied in the sera of newborn and of 1-6 years old healthy children, further on quantitative immunoglobulin assays were performed in these to determine whether homoreactant antibodies influence IgG production. Based on their results authors conclude that homoreactant antibodies do not influence IgG production. Authors assume a role in the IgG catabolism viz., they are involved in the elimination of antigen-antibody complexes.
| 84,527
|
Prenatal methylmercury poisoning. Clinical observations over five years.
|
Thirty-two infants prenatally exposed to methylmercury and their mothers were examined over a five-year period after the Iraqi methylmercury epidemic. Severity of poisoning in mothers was related to the peak mercury concentration in their hair and in the infants to the maximum concentration in maternal hair during pregnancy. In nine cases of cerebral palsy, methylmercury exposure occurred only during the last trimester. All infants except three (two were orphaned soon after birth and one was bottle-fed) were exposed postnatally via suckling. Whereas the mother's symptoms usually improved, the damage to the fetal nervous system appears to be permanent. Milder cases previously not identified in other studies are reported. The syndrome consists of varying degrees of developmental retardation in addition to exaggerated tendon reflexes and the pathologic extensor plantar reflex (minimal brain damage syndrome).
| 84,530
|
Protected environment-prophylactic antibiotic program for malignant lymphoma. Randomized trial during chemotherapy to induce remission.
|
Fifty-eight patients with malignant lymphoma were randomly allocated to receive three courses of chemotherapy to induce remission with CHOP-Bleo on the protected environment-prophylactic antibiotic (PEPA) program (30 patients) or as controls (28 patients). The complete remission rate for all patients was 74 per cent, for patients with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma 78 per cent and for patients with nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma 65 per cent. There were no significant differences in response rates and duration of responses between those on the PEPA program and control patients. The frequency of infection was significantly lower among the patients on the PEPA program, and dosage escalation of the chemotherapeutic agents was accomplished more often among these patients. Dosage escalation did not increase the complete remission rate, but it did reduce the relapse rate and signficantly reduced the fatality rate. The duration of remission and survival was significantly longer for those patients who received dosage escalation.
| 84,532
|
Interpreting elevated amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein levels in clinical practice: use of the predictive value positive concept.
|
The amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein assay (AF-AFP) is the single most valuable method of detecting anencephaly--spina bifida (ASB) in utero. A raised AF-AFP, however, is a more reliable indicator of a fetus with ASB in the pregnancy at high risk for ASB. Most women undergoing fetal chromosomal analysis are at low risk for ASB. Consequently, gravid patients who have an AF-AFP incidental to chromosomal studies, and elect abortion because of a raised AF-AFP, will more frequently abort a normal fetus than the gravida who has previously had an infant with ASB. For the obstetrician utilizing this assay, the predictive value positive (PVP) concept, a guide for the interpretation of a positive result, is introduced and then applied to examples of patients at varying risk for ASB in their offspring.
| 84,534
|
Neuromuscular blocking agents and spontaneous sympathetic activity.
|
The action of neuromuscular blocking agents on the spontaneous sympathetic activity has been quantitated. "On line" spectrum analysis has been applied to the action potential of pre- and post ganglionic nerves of the coeliac plexus. The activity, the frequency spectrum and their changes after the injection of clinical and high doses of decamethonium, D-tubocurarine, succinylcholine, gallamine and pancuronium are determined.
| 84,556
|
[Characteristics of myelin basic protein from dog spinal cord].
|
Some characteristics of the myelin basic protein from dog spinal cord were studied. The basic protein has a molecular weight of 18,000; the isoelectric point is 9.5. The amino acid composition of the protein was determined. Electrophoresis in 15% polyacrylamide gel revealed the heterogeneity of the basic protein. The EAE-activity of the basic protein was tested on guinea pigs.
| 84,691
|
[Inhibition of compound 48--80 induced histamine liberation from mast cells by triton X-100].
|
Triton X-100 at concentrations preceding those which liberated histamine, produced dose-dependent inhibition of compound 48/80-induced histamine release from rat mast cells. Triton X-100 (0.00002 1/1) depleted ATP content in the mast cells and blocked compound 48/80-induced histamine release. The inhibition of compound 48/80-induced histamine release and depletion of the ATP content in the mast cells was reversed by glucose (10 mmole). It is concluded that inhibition by Triton X-100 of histamine release induced by compound 48/80 is dependent on inhibition of energy production.
| 84,694
|
Superiority of adriamycin-containing combination chemotherapy in the treatment of diffuse lymphoma: a Southwest Oncology Group study.
|
As a part of an ongoing prospective controlled trial, the Southwest Oncology Group compared the results of treatment of advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with two CHOP regimens (cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine and prednisone with either low-dose bleomycin or BCG by scarification) to a COP regimen (cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone) with low-dose bleomycin (COP-Bleo). The study design emphasized histopathology review and systematic restaging to define complete remission (CR). Confirmed rates of CR for 443 evaluable patients were 59% for 286 patients receiving the CHOP regimens and 59% for 157 patients receiving COP-Bleo. Rates of CR were higher for patients with nodular lymphoma (69%) compared to those with diffuse lymphoma (54%) (p = 0.005). For patients with nodular lymphoma there was no difference in CR rates according to treatment. For patients with diffuse lymphomas the CR rate was higher with the CHOP programs (58%) than with COP-Bleo (44%) (p = 0.10). Overall duration of CR and survival was significantly longer for patients with nodular lymphoma compared to diffuse lymphoma (p less than 0.01). At this time, remission duration and survival were similar regardless of induction regimen used in patients with nodular lymphoma. However, in patients with diffuse lymphoma, the duration of CR and overall survival were improved by treatment with the CHOP regimens compared to COP-Bleo (p = 0.02). Thus, in this controlled study we have demonstrated that initial combination chemotherapy employing the CHOP regimen was a superior remission induction therapy for patients with diffuse lymphoma.
| 84,706
|
Prenatal diagnosis of polycystic kidneys and encephalocele (Meckel syndrome).
|
Two unrelated families are presented with repeated occurrences of a congenital syndrome of which the main stigmata were polycystic kidneys and occipital encephalocele (Meckel syndrome). Prenatal diagnosis, followed by interruption of pregnancy, was performed in one case. The diagnosis was based on an increase of amniotic alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and on the mode of growth and cell types of cultured amniotic cells. In another similarly examined case the diagnosis was suspected, but the parents did not wish the pregnancy to be interrupted. The child was stillborn and malformed. AFP values are presented and discussed in relation to the observed malformations. Neural tube defects are associated with an increase of AFP in amniotic fluid, but, as in normal pregnancies, the values decrease with increasing gestational age. On the other hand, kidney malformations seem to be associated with AFP values which remain high or even increase with increasing gestational age.
| 84,722
|
Long survival in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma complicated by superior vena caval obstruction.
|
When superior vena caval obstruction complicates cancer of the lung; the prognosis is grave; 1 percent of such patients survive for one year. Improved palliation is reported from many radiation therapy centers using higher initial dose fractions and tumoricidal doses. We now report the findings in three patients with histologically confirmed bronchogenic carcinoma who had superior vena caval obstruction and who survived for nine years (two patients) and seven years (one patient). Aggressive therapy with irradiation seems to provide better palliation and may occasionally be associated with remarkably long survivals in this normally highly lethal disease.
| 84,732
|
Quantitative assessment of photic driving in renal failure.
|
Photically driven EEGs were recorded from patients with renal disease using photic stimulation at integer rates between 3 and 12 flashes/sec. Changes in the structure of the power spectrum of the potentials produced by this stimulus paradigm are described as a function of a patient's clinical state. The basic overall findings are that (1) harmonic activity is attenuated while activity below the fundamental driving frequency is increased as a patient's clinical condition deteriorates, and (2) that these effects are substantially reversed and controlled by means of dialysis and renal transplantation.
| 84,740
|
[Temporal organization of paroxysmal discharges in the child. II. Polygraphic recordings during sleep].
|
A study of the paroxysmal activities in the course of all night sleep was carried out on 6 children aged 6 to 12 years, who were previously recored by means of biotelemtry during the day (cf. Findji et al. 1978). The discharges were analysed and quantified in the same way as in daytime but here in relation to the organization of sleep. The latter shows serious disturbances by comparison with normal children or children who only have sleep problems. The global quantifications (average densities of discharges per stage) do not, in our population, evidence any effect of facilitation or diminution which would be specific to a given stage. Comparison of the chronological evolutions of the densities of paroxysmal activities with the different stages of sleep shows that the connections between these phenomena can be either nil, or very close, according to the subject, and in one case, according to the time of night. This raises the problem of the heterogeneity of the 'states' gathered under the same codification of stages and shows the multiplicity of factors which can interfere with the modulation of the discharges, even during sleep. The analysis of long duration day or night records underlines the extreme complexity of the temporal organization of paroxysmal discharges, in which both hypotheses formulated at the beginning of this study seem to find partial support: internal modulation connected to more or less stable biological rhythms, and the role of environmental factors and the subject's reactions, which more or less mask the intrinsic rhythms.
| 84,742
|
Aberrant peptide hormones in patients with urogenital carcinomas.
|
A series of 229 patients with urogenital carcinomas were investigated for aberrant peptide hormone activities. Serum TSH and prolactin were frequently measured in elevated levels and showed some relation to the stage of disease. Ectopic production of beta-HCG was not observed in any of the cases, thyroid and steroid hormones did not exceed the normal ranges.
| 84,758
|
Sensitivity of human lymphocytes to bleomycin increases with age.
|
The sensitivity of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to bleomycin and mitomycin-C was assessed by measuring the inhibition of phytohemagglutinin stimulated proliferation. The sensitivity to bleomycin, and not to mitomycin-C, increased with the age.
| 84,764
|
Interphase studies with a simplified method of silver staining of nucleoli.
|
A simple silver staining method is presented providing a rapid and reliable technique for the selective staining of nuclear structures synthesizing ribosomal RNA (18S and 28S RNA).
| 84,766
|
Liposomes in immunology: further evidence for the adjuvant activity of liposomes.
|
The immune response to HSA-phosphatidylcholine complexes administered to rabbits was not markedly enhanced when compared with the response to unmodified HSA. It was found in earlier work that HSA entrapped in liposomes (mainly composed of phosphatidylcholine) evoked a strong immune response under conditions where no response was detected to free HSA. The present results exclude the possibility that HSA-phosphatidylcholine complexes which may arise from liposome-encapsulated HSA may be responsible for the adjuvant activity of the liposome. The adjuvant activity of liposomes could also be established after administration of a liposome-associated strong antigen (BGG).
| 84,783
|
Serum proteins and secretory component in human carious dentin.
|
By the use of the peroxidase-labeled antibody method, significant localization of IgG, IgA, albumin and transferrin was demonstrated in the deep lesion of 20 carious teeth, where the secretory component was absent. These serum proteins formed a distinct zone, surrounding the overlying, shallow lesion infected with bacteria.
| 84,822
|
A simple reliable system for studying antigen-specific murine T cell proliferation.
|
Antigen-specific T cell proliferation can be readily elicited from the popliteal lymph node cells of mice which have received immunizations of antigen in the hind footpads. The advantages of our system over other published methods are (i) simplicity in method and materials, (ii) much improved reproducibility, (iii) negligible concomitant B cell proliferation, (iv) large degrees of antigen specific proliferation with very low background, and (v) complete dependence of the response on accessory cells or macrophages. These results were brought about by proper immunization procedures for mice and judicious choice of culture conditions. Our data show that the system is very suitable for the study of macrophage-T cell interaction in the induction of T cell proliferation as well as the genetic basis of responsiveness or non-responsiveness to protein and polypeptide antigens.
| 84,843
|
Clinical and theoretical aspects of head movement dependent oscillopsia (HMDO). A review.
|
Head movement-dependent oscillopsia (HMDO) with peripheral vestibular, brainstem and cerebellar lesions is reviewed. The differentiation of this kind of oscillopsia is based mainly on clinical grounds. HMDO with bilateral abolition of caloric responses, and in the absence of disease of the central nervous system, is due to bilateral vestibular disease. HMDO in patients with internuclear ophthalmoplegia and other brainstem signs is probably due to a lesion of VOR pathways in or near the medial longitudinal fasciculus. The occurrence of HMDO with ataxia of gait and cerebellar eye movement disorders (rebound nystagmus, flutter-like oscillations), in the absence of brainstem lesions (medial longitudinal fasciculus), is clinical evidence for HMDO due to a cerebellar lesion. An attempt is made to associate the different kinds of oscillopsia with current knowledge of the vestibulo-ocular reflexes.
| 84,858
|
Experimental studies on hydrocarbon neuropathies induced by methyl-ethyl-ketone (MEK).
|
An outbreak of neuropathies among Berlin solvent sniffers was closely related to the denaturation by methyl-ethyl-ketone (MEK) of the mixture used. The solvent was composed of n-hexane, toluene and ethyl-acetate. Nervous system responses to chronic repeated exposure to 10,000 ppm pure n-hexane, 10,000 ppm MEK/n-hexane (ratio 1:9) and 6000 ppm pure MEK were investigated in rats. Motor neuropathy of the dying back type with giant swelling of axons in the peripheral and central nervous system developed in animals exposed to MEK/n-hexane and n-hexane. Severe potentiation of n-hexane neurotoxicity and shortened onset of morphological and clinical signs were demonstrated in animals exposed to MEK/n-hexane. MEK alone did not produce neuropathy under these conditions. The findings suggest that commercial solvent mixtures containing MEK/n-hexane should be avoided.
| 84,859
|
T and B lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid of various neurological diseases.
|
Cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) from 66 patients with a variety of neurological disorders were studied for total protein content, absolute amount of albumin, IgA, IgG and IgM, as well as their quotients (fraction to total protein ratio), cell numbers and B cell and T cell levels. In addition, the percentage of B cells and T cells in the blood was determined in 34 patients and serum immunoglobulin levels were estimated in 51 patients. In noninflammatory diseases of the CNS, the percentage of B cells was slightly higher and T cell levels were lower in the CSF in comparison to corresponding blood values. The B cell to T cell ratio in viral meningitis was altered in the CSF. An apparent increase in the T cell level led to a decrease of B cell values. Similar changes were also found in optic neuritis. The percentage of T cells was higher in relapsing multiple sclerosis than in the chronic progressive form. There were less striking changes in the B cell to T cell ratios in the CSF of other inflammatory diseases of the CNS.
| 84,862
|
Immunocytochemical localization of human choriogonadotropin in human malignant trophoblast. Model for human choriogonadotropin secretion.
|
Human choriogonadotropin (HCG) and its subunits have been studied immunocytochemically using a recently developed unlabeled antibody method. Factors influencing the antigenicity of HCG and its subunits were explored, and optimum conditions were determined. HCG has been successfully localized at the cellular level using paraffin-embedded tissues. Several antibodies to HCG or its subunits were evaluated for specificity using rigorous immunologic controls. This methodology was applied to placental tissue, in vitro choriocarcinoma, and in vitro breast carcinoma. HCGbeta and HCGalpha were localized in the syncytial trophoblast of first trimester placenta with cytotrophoblast cell islands and Langhans' cells being negative. Conditions of stimulated and unstimulated HCG production have been explored in the BeWo line of malignant trophoblast. Stimulation was accomplished by treatment with dibutyryl cyclic AMP and theophylline for varying periods of time. Only 6 per cent of the cells could be shown to be producing HCGbeta and HCGalpha in the unstimulated condition. Stimulation increased this percentage to 70 and 18 per cent, respectively, after 24 hours of treatment. Ultrastructural localization has shown that the mechanism of synthesis and secretion of HCG follows a pathway that is not as extensively developed as that of the pituitary hormones.
| 84,888
|
Rapid diagnosis of Bacteroides infections by indirect immunofluorescence assay of clinical specimens.
|
43 specimens from a variety of sites were directly examined by indirect immunofluorescence assay (I.F.A.) with specific antisera against the capsular polysaccharide of Bacteroides fragilis and pooled antisera against a number of serotypes of Bacteroides sp. (all of the former B. fragilis subspecies). The findings were compared with those of routine anaerobic bacteriology and gas liquid chromatography for short chain fatty acids. Examination by I.F.A. was a sensitive (100%) and specific (90.3%) means of identifying B. fragilis. Use of the pooled serum was sensitive (100%) but less specific (64.3%) than the capsular antiserum (90.3%) although it had the advantage of detecting Bacteroides species other than B. fragilis. The capsular serum I.F.A. gave 9.7% false positives and no false negatives. The predictive value of a positive identification of B. fragilis in a clinical specimen using this anticapsular serum I.F.A. test was 80%; with the pooled Bacteroides group-serum it was 60%. The predictive value of a negative test was 100% for both sera, indicating that a negative I.F.A. test is a reliable index of the absence of Bacteroides from the culture I.F.A. of clinical material provides a rapid (less than 2 h) specific and sensitive means for the diagnosis of B. fragilis infections and would be of use in a clinical laboratory.
| 84,899
|
Congenital rubella deafness: a preventable disease.
|
Over a 4-year period (1972-75) an unselected sample of 568 children aged under 4 years attending the Nuffield Hearing and Speech Centre were tested for rubella antibody. Sensorineural deafness was subsequently diagnosed in 349 of these children, and 83 (24%) of this group had rubella antibody. In contrast, only 19 (9%) of the remaining 219 children in whom sensorineural deafness was excluded had rubella antibody. The seropositive and seronegative children with sensorineural deafness showed striking differences in family history, history of maternal rubella, adverse perinatal events, and presence of other defects. Congenital rubella is an important cause of deafness, and the rubella vaccination programme must be pursued more vigorously if this serious defect is to be prevented in the future.
| 84,910
|
Cardiovascular disease in patients with retinal arterial occlusion.
|
103 patients with retinal-artery occlusion causing permanent visual-field defect were examined clinically and angiographically to assess the extent of cardiovascular disease. The 68 patients with branch-artery occlusion had a higher prevalence of previous transient episodes, ischaemic and valvular heart-disease, and more often had an operable lesion in the carotid artery than had the 35 patients with central-artery occlusion who were more often hypertensive, had fewer warning attacks, a greater prevalence of complete carotid occlusion, and fewer operable carotid lesions. The two types of retinal vascular occlusion show aetiological differences; branch occlusion is more often embolic and should be fully investigated for carotid and cardiac disease. These measures are less often of practical importance in patients with central-artery occlusion.
| 84,946
|
Delay in diagnosis and treatment of symptomatic colorectal cancer.
|
Mean delay between the onset of symptoms and treatment was 30.5 weeks in a hundred patients with colonic carcinoma and 38 weeks in a hundred patients with rectal carcinoma. Most of this delay occurred outside hospital and delays attributable to the patient and family doctor were almost equal in duration. Patient delay is largely the result of not knowing the importance of bowel symptoms, while delay with the family doctor was the result of not examining patients with possible rectal carcinomas and not recognising symptoms suggestive of colonic carcinoma. 42% of patients with colonic carcinoma were admitted for emergency treatment, 76% having already consulted their doctor about symptoms on one or more occasions. Hospital delay consisted mainly in waiting for investigations, poor quality barium enemas, and inadequate sigmoidoscopy. There was no relation between the duration of symptoms and the Dukes stage of the tumour.
| 84,959
|
Rapid emergence of El Tor Vibrio cholerae resistant to antimicrobial agents during first six months of fourth cholera epidemic in Tanzania.
|
110 El Tor Vibrio cholerae isolates from 102 patients with cholera between November, 1977, and March, 1978, during the early stages of the fourth epidemic of cholera in Tanzania had minimum inhibitory concentrations to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin, neomycin, ampicillin, and sulphadimidine determined. All isolates during the first month after the disease was recognised were fully sensitive to tetracycline, but 76% of isolates were resistant to the drug after five months of extensive use of tetracycline therapeutically and prophylactically in the country. Resistance to the five other antibacterial agents developed more slowly. Isolates from patients who failed to clear the organism from their stools or who had cholera soon after tetracycline prophylaxis had increased minimum inhibitory concentrations of the drug. Resistance did not develop in vivo. Although resistance to tetracycline readily developed following extensive use of the drug, such a resistance was not the only reason for failure of tetracycline treatment and prophylaxis. Mass chemoprophylaxis in the control of cholera should be discouraged unless evidence to the contrary becomes available.
| 85,001
|
Diagnostic value of rectal mucosal acetylcholinesterase levels in Hirschsprung's disease.
|
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was measured in rectal biopsy specimens obtained from 68 children aged between 2 days and 14 1/2 years in whom Hirschsprung's disease was suspected. The diagnosis was subsequently established in 12; in these, the mean AChE activity was found to be 30.5 X 10(-7) units/g tissue (range 16.9 to 63.0). The 56 non-Hirschsprung cases had a mean of 5.0 X 10(-7) units/g tissue (S.D. 2.2), the highest value in this group being 10.9. The results were unaffected by age, sex, nature of biopsy procedure, or the presence of blood. It is suggested that the assay of AChE activity in rectal biopsy material is a simple and quick procedure that is useful in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease.
| 85,002
|
Fulminant psittacosis.
|
Two patients died of psittacosis after presenting with generalised toxaemia, acute renal failure, and evidence of pancreatitis. Death was attributed to the virulence of the chlamydial strain and the delay in antemortem diagnosis. In one case Chlamydia psittaci was isolated from necropsy lung tissue. A third case of psittacosis suggested person-to-person or fomite spread, which is rarely reported. Infection was acquired from an apparently healthy, imported and quarantined cockatiel. Import restrictions on psittacines should thus be tightened and psittacosis should be made a notifiable disease.
| 85,004
|
Dried-blood spot screening for cystic fibrosis in the newborn.
|
Serum-immunoreactive-trypsin (I.R.T.) was measured in children with cystic fibrosis (C.F.) and a variety of controls. In the first few months of life all C.F. children had a raised serum-I.R.T. A dried blood-spot assay for I.R.T. was established and has potential as a screening test for C.F. in the newborn.
| 85,057
|
Transmission of non-A non-B hepatitis to chimpanzees by factor-IX concentrates after fatal complications in patients with chronic liver disease.
|
6 cases of non-A non-B hepatitis which followed administration of four different batches of concentrates of coagulation factor IX from commercial and non-commercial sources are described. Of 17 patients who received the concentrate on account of chronic liver disease, 4 developed hepatitis, and in 3 of these the illness proved fatal. The incubation periods ranged from 42 to 103 days (mean 65 days). 3 chimpanzees were inoculated with concentrate from the same batch used on the above patients, a further commercial batch upon which no adverse reactions had been reported, and plasma from a known non-A non-B carrier. All developed hepatitis after 10 weeks' incubation. Liver biopsy when serum-aminotransferase was at its highest level showed features consistent with acute hepatitis. As in the patients, viral markers for hepatitis A and B, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus were unchanged.
| 85,107
|
Evidence that Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles originate from neurotubules.
|
Antiserum against normal human neurotubules purified by in-vitro assembly precipitated both neurotubules and a polypeptide isolated from Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles in Ouchterlony double-diffusion tests. The antiserum specifically labelled neurofibrillary tangles, in isolated neurons by immunofluorescence and in tissue sections by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. These results indicate that neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease probably originate from neurotubules.
| 85,165
|
Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis as a treatment for biliary pain.
|
Twenty patients with confirmed gallbladder disease were treated with intravenous indomethacin during 24 separate attacks of biliary pain. In all cases the pain was promptly relieved and there were no important side-effects. Indomethacin, and inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, may reduce intraluminal pressure in the gallbladder, and relieve pain.
| 85,168
|
Murine model for immunoprophylaxis of cytomegalovirus infection. I. Efficacy of immunization.
|
Murine cytomegalovirus was utilized as a model for human cytomegalovirus, which had no experimental animal, to study immunoprophylaxis of the cytomegalovirus infections. (1) Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) serially propagated in mouse embryonic fibroblasts had lost pathogenicity for weanling mice including neonatally thymectomized mice. (2) The cell culture-adapted MCMV was effective as a "live, attenuated virus vaccine" against challenge by virulent, mouse-passaged MCMV. (3) The immunization via intraperitoneal route protected mice from every parameter of MCMV infection. These included clinical signs, virus replication, histopathology and mortality. (4) The protective immunity was active against the virulent MCMV which was not neutralized by the rabbit anti-attenuated MCMV serum.
| 85,239
|
Recognition of antigens by T lymphocytes.
|
The present review briefly summarizes our knowledge of antigen-specific B and T lymphocyte receptors. Antigen-specific receptors on mammalian B lymphocytes are mainly monomeric IgM and IgD consisting of conventional immunoglobulin heavy and light chains. The nature of the T lymphocyte receptor which can specifically recognize antigens is not yet fully defined. However, it seems that conventional light chains do not participate in the build up of this receptor, and that the receptor is made up of heavy chains of a new immunoglobulin class which has to be further characterized and which we call Tau-chain. The variable region of the T lymphocyte receptors share idiotypic determinants with the corresponding B lymphocyte receptors. The possible linkage between the T cell idiotypes present on the Tau-chains and molecules which are under the control of genes of the Major Histocompatibility Complex of the species are discussed. In the last part of the review two methods for the induction of specific transplantation tolerance in adult animals are described. These methods are based on the concept that T lymphocytes reactive against alloantigens bear idiotypic determinants against which a specific auto-immune response can be initiated.
| 85,255
|
[The lupus erythematosus (LE) phenomenon. Status in 1978].
|
The results of 835 studies of LE cells carried out over 8 years in 563 clinical cases of various nature are reported. The LE phenomenon--i.e. LE cells, LE globs and rosettes--was encountered exclusively in patients with LES, whereas tart-cells, nucleophagocytosis A and nucleophagocytosis B, although present in initial LES, and particularly in regressing LES, were very frequent in many other conditions. It is therefore held that true LE phenomenon is pathognomonic of LES since so-called AR with LE cells can be considered a clinical variant of LES, whereas lupoid hepatitis remains a vague, uncertain syndrome.
| 85,283
|
Microbial-like antigens in human leukemia.
|
Antigens present in leukemic sera and organ extracts, but absent from non-leukemic sera and tissues, were detected by examining their reactions with anti-microbial antisera by means of counter-immunoelectrophoresis. Out of 110 different antisera used, 12 antisera, those produced against Micropolyspora, Coccidioides, Salmonella, Mycoplasma, Mycobacterium simiae, Absidia, pseudorabies virus and adenovirus, proved to react regularly with the leukemic sera. Absorption studies point to an immunological specificity of these cross-antigenicities. Interpretations and implications of these discoveries are discussed in the paper.
| 85,287
|
Rapid sequence determination of late simian virus 40 16S mRNA leader by using inhibitors of reverse transcriptase.
|
A method for the determination of the primary structure of spliced mRNA junction and leader sequences is described. By analogy to the DNA sequencing procedure of Sanger et al. [Sanger, F., Nicklen, S. & Coulson, A. R. (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 74, 5463--5467], we use 2",3'-dideoxynucleoside triphosphates as chain-terminating inhibitors of the reverse transcriptase (RNA-dependent DNA polymerase) reaction. By using specific DNA restriction fragments as primers in combination with this technique, we have determined the sequence of the spliced junction between the body and the leader sequence of the 16S late mRNA of simian virus 40. The method described should be of general utility in mapping spliced mRNA regions for which the corresponding protein sequence (if any) is unknown.
| 85,304
|
Quantitation of enzymes in tissue sections by estimation of hydrolytic activity and antigenic determinants.
|
The method and instrumentation for the analysis of enzyme activity and of fluorescent antibody of antigen binding is described. It is based on the microscopic photometry of stain intensities per area of functional units. Thus it was shown that the concentration of aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.2.1) per area in procimal tubule of kidney from pig and mouse is constant. In contrast to the pig the tubules from the outer medulla of the mouse contained twice as much enzyme as those from the cortex. A non constant concentration of aminopeptidase per area was found in crypts of duodenum and in stimulated macrophages.
| 85,312
|
Lymphoblastoid cell lines are polyclonal activators of human T lymphocytes.
|
Following stimulation with autologous or allogeneic lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) human T lymphocytes acquire two properties which suggest that LCL act as polyclonal activators. Cytotoxic activity, which has an antigen-specific component, is produced towards normal lymphocytes and LCL, and the cells become capable of mounting proliferative responses to antigens on human B lymphocytes which have accelerated secondary-type kinetics. Only weak responses to autologous cells occur. In addition, repeated restimulation with the original LCL leads to a progressive increase in the number of cells in the culture for a period of about 4 weeks. This approach may prove a useful way to grow large numbers of human T lymphocytes for further study.
| 85,333
|
[Oncornavirus activation and accumulation in cell cultures under the influence of hormones].
|
Sex hormones (testosterone, estradiol) and thyroxine would activate irregularly the production of the specific group antigen (GS-antigen) of avian ribodesoxyviruses in the culture of "normal" chick embryonal cells (CEC, phenotype C/O, GS-). The mentioned hormones as well as hydrocortisone and insulin would not prevent the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) infecting of CEC, render no essential action on the accumulation of RSV in the infected CEC culture, and failed to activate the formation of mature RSV in virogenic cultures of rat (XC, R--B77) and mice cells (DBA--B77).
| 85,368
|
[Antigenicity of the human trophoblast].
|
In this a rabbit immunological serum against human trophoblast was obtained after triple intramuscular superficial villi extract injection from chorion of 6--7 week pregnancy with Freund's adjuvant. In immunofluorescent indirect reaction to this serum made on chorion and placenta sections some most intense specific fluorescence was obtained in cytoplasm of primordial cyto- and synytiotrophoblast. Some favourable influence of antigenic differences between ovum and mother especially implantation has been suggested.
| 85,393
|
[Improvement in the tactics of systematic gamma globulin prevention of viral hepatitis taking the morbidity prognosis into account].
|
On the example of 4 cites of the RSFSR under conditions of expected epidemic threat a possibility was shown of directed influence on the viral hepatitis A epidemic process of preseasonal gamma-globulin prophylaxis conducted in 90% of "organized" children, aged from 1 to 12 years. The dose used was 0.75 ml of a 10% preparation. The method of Gorky Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology was used to prognosticate the morbidity. It is recommended to improve the tactics of preseasonal gamma-globulin prophylaxis with consideration to the data of the viral hepatitis prognosis.
| 85,395
|
[Makeup and properties of a polycomponent meningococcal vaccine].
|
The polycomponent meningococcae vaccine represented a preparation of the high-molecular fraction of meningococcus cell wall substances. Meningococcae strains for the vaccine preparation were chosen in such a way that the end preparation contained antigens of group specificity A, B, C and also other antigens detected in the cell wall of strains of epidemiological significance. Protein, group polysaccharides., lipopolysaccharides and nucleic acids were included into the vaccine composition. In doses used inhumans the vaccine was safe for mice causing no retardation in weight gain. In immunization of mice the vaccine produced formation of antigbodies to the antigens of group specificity A, B, and C, and protected them from infection with the srtrain isolated from the patient's cerebrospinal fluid. THE VACCINE PRODUCED NO HARMFUL ACTION IN ADMINISTRATION TO MAN. Antibodies to antigens of group specificity A, B, C and also to proteins and lipopolysaccharides of the meningococcus cell wall formed in the vaccinated persons. Sera of the vaccinated individuals lysed meningococci of groups A, B, and C.
| 85,399
|
Histochemical demonstration of acidic glycosaminoglycans in the cell nuclei of the iris and other tissues.
|
Using histochemical methods, the presence of acidic glycosaminoglycans in the cell nuclei of 51 human irides and a series of monkey organs was demonstrated. In general, these substances are sensitive to testicular hyaluronidase and chondroitinase ABC and also to Streptomyces hyaluronidase, when using special staining methods. The specificity of testicular hyaluronidase was tested by inhibition with heparin. By simultaneously staining with alcian blue and Feulgen, acidic glycosaminoglycans can be distinguished from the nucleic acids. Sporadically, hyaluronidase-resistant substances with a specific acidic glycosaminoglycan stainability occur. We assume the existence of various acidic glycosaminoglycans in the cell nuclei. Aging changes were not traceable with constancy.
| 85,402
|
Differences in mouse ovarian cells as distinguished by horseradish peroxidase labelling.
|
The extracellular space of mouse ovarian follicles and stroma contained horseradish peroxidase (HRP) reaction product one minute after intravenous injection of the tracer. In addition to pinocytotic uptake of the tracer, non-vesicular staining with HRP reaction product, heretofore unrecognized, was noted in a variety of ovarian cell-types. This diffuse staining was correlated with changes in cellular morphology suggestive of degeneration. These findings are discussed in relation to the composition of cell populations comprising follicles and ovarian stroma and alterations in cell function.
| 85,420
|
The effect of alkaline earth cations on the release of histamine from rat peritoneal mast cells treated with compound 48/80 and peptide 401.
|
1 Extracellular calcium ions have a dual effect on the release of histamine from rat peritoneal mast cells treated with compound 48/80 and peptide 401. The release is either potentiated or inhibited according to the relative concentrations of ion and inducer.2 Strontium similarly potentiates the release produced by optimal concentrations of inducer but higher concentrations are required than in the case of calcium. Strontium is markedly less inhibitory than calcium.3 Mast cells may be depleted of intracellular calcium by incubation for short periods with the chelating agent, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). They thereby become unresponsive to compound 48/80 and peptide 401 unless calcium is reintroduced into the incubation medium. Strontium and barium, but not magnesium, will substitute for calcium in this system. Barium additionally produces a marked release of histamine even in the absence of inducer. Pretreatment with the ionophore A23187 similarly inhibits the subsequent response to peptide 401 in divalent cation-free medium. This inhibition is reversed on the reintroduction of calcium.4 Compound 48/80 and peptide 401 release histamine from mast cells incubated in isotonic sucrose in the complete absence of added metal ions. However, the corrected release under these conditions is potentiated by both mono and divalent cations.5 On the basis of these results, the possible mechanism of action of the basic releasing agents and their usefulness as models for studying histamine secretion is discussed.
| 85,466
|
Role of the inferotemporal cortex in visual selective attention.
|
Electrocortical recordings were made from monkeys performing in a multidimensional visual task. Wave forms dependent on the stimulus presented (irrespective of task required) were recorded immediately following the stimulus primarily from electrodes implanted in the striate and prestriate cortex. Wave forms dependent on the panel pressed (irrespective of the stimulus or of the task) were recorded especially from motor and post-central cortex, and to a lesser extent in anterior frontal cortex, always just prior to or following the time of the response. Wave forms dependent on the task as determined by the reinforcing contingencies (but independent of the particular stimulus presented or the particular panel pressed) were recorded primarily from the inferior temporal cortex, and rarely from prestriate and anterior frontal cortex. While task-related wave forms began to appear shortly after stimulus presentation, they became especially apparent around the time of the response. This response-linking increased in prominence as the subject achieved 90% proficiency in each task, only to drop off with overtraining. Further, the task-related wave form does not change as rapidly as does overt behavior when the reinforcement contingency is shifted from one stimulus dimension to another. The relevance of these results to an understanding of the process of selective attention is discussed.
| 85,535
|
Quantified electrographic scales on 10 pre-term healthy newborns followed up to 40-43 weeks of conceptional age by serial polygraphic recordings.
|
Full-term newborns with seizures exhibit EEG patterns that appear reliable in predicting neurological outcome in almost 75% of the cases in a prospective investigation. These patterns are unreliable for over 25% of infants with seizures and even more so for term and pre-term babies with other complications. Observations that such newborns often show maturational delay in various physiological and/or behavioral parameters, raises the issue of whether indices other than specific EEG patterns might prove reliable in predicting prognosis. As a prerequisite for testing such an hypothesis in prospective investigations of term and pre-term babies with 'risk' factors other than seizures, it appears necessary to obtain quantification of these parameters in normals. Hence a longitudinal study was designed to obtain simultaneously 3 parameters in a control group of newborns born after 30-32 weeks of gestational age, followed with serial polygraphic recordings at weekly intervals until a conceptional age of 43 weeks. The selected parameters were purposefully restricted to three that can be obtained and measured easily in routine recordings without need for more complex instrumentation and analysis. These were: the percentage of interhemispheric synchrony between bursts of 'trace alternant'; the number of spindle-delta complexes ('brushes') during 5 min of REM and NREM sleep; and the concordance between various parameters during the same 5 min epochs. The range of these indices was thus established in a group of normal prematures followed prospectively. Establishing such normative data will allow greater inter-study reliability, and form the basis for other prospective studies of infants 'at risk' to investigate whether those that lag behind the norm in these indices when followed serially during the newborn period differ prognostically from those who recover and reach expected norms for conceptional age.
| 85,542
|
REM sleep episodes during the Multple Sleep Latency Test in narcoleptic patients.
|
Forty narcoleptic patients were given the Multiple Sleep Latency Test, consisting of 20 min opportunities to sleep offered at 10.00, 12.00, 14.00, 16.00 and 18.00 o'clock. Eleven patients had 2 episodes of REM sleep, 5 had 3, 11 had 4, and 13 had 5 before they were awakened. Fourteen control subjects given similar opportunities to sleep (reported in a companion article (Richardson et al. 1978)) had no REM sleep episodes. For the 10.00-18.00 o'clock opportunities respectively, there were 32, 29, 30, 28 and 27 REM sleep episodes. We conclude that this procedure can provide physicians with data useful in the diagnosis of narcolepsy.
| 85,544
|
[Classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: facts and perspectives].
|
Previous classifications of malignant non-Hodgkin lymphomas (nHL) are based on morphological and histological-cytological findings. The rapid development of immunology, the application of immunocytological, cytochemical and electromicroscopic methods led to new classifications of nHL based on immunology. They are founded on the idea that the prevailing cells of nHL correspond to a cell type from the differentiation line of lymphocytes. Thus, a distinction can be made between malignant lymphomas (ml) of stem, B and T-cells; the more frequently occurring lymphomas originating from B-cells are represented by chronic lymphatic leukaemia originating from B1-cells, by ml of follicular genesis (centrocytes, centroblastic-centrocytic ml, centroblasts) and by ml synthesizing and releasing immunoglobulins (immunocytoma, immunoblastoma). The type formerly called "reticulosarcoma" (histocytic ml) could be identified to be an immature, Ig synthesizing ml (immunoblastloma) in most cases. The new classification enables a more extensive differentiation and a better prognostic statement to be made than previous ones. The new units of disease can be diagnosed in most cases with light microscopic routine methods, although borderline cases and unclassifiable ml may occur.
| 85,568
|
The economic side of blood banking and plasma fractionation.
|
While cellular components have a relatively short half-life, must be necessarily administered group-specifically and kept available on a round-the-clock basis, all of which add significantly to the basic cost per unit, products isolated from plasma are not handicapped by these disadvantages. Another important advantage for the production of plasma components lies in the fact that the raw material may be also collected through plasmapheresis, a process which allows the collection of significantly greater amounts of plasma from one donor as compared to conventional whole blood collection. Quite understandably, the maintenance of whole blood and cellular component supplies has been left to national and/or non-profit organizations, while commercial firms run a profitable business with the production and distribution of plasma fractions. The method for the selective isolation of plasma fractions developed in our blood transfusion service solves the high cost problems involved in conventional fractionation methods but does not solve the ethical and economical problem related to discarding precious unused raw material.
| 85,581
|
Immunostimulatory effect of zinc in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
|
The studies have been performed in 27 ALL patients, aged 4 to 21 years, during their first remission induced by the Memphis Center therapeutic schedule (New Eng. J. Med., 1974, 5, 1230). The onset of therapy with zinc took place immediately after cessation of remission supporting treatment (Vincristine, Prednison, intrathecally administered Methotrexate). During the seven days period of investigation all the patients studied were simultaneously treated with 6-Mercaptopurin. The patients were divided into two groups. The first group (15 subjects) received 0.02 mg Zn per kg of body weight (in the form of zinc sulphate prepared by Kutno Pharmaceutical Establishment POLFA). The second group (12 subjects) received placebo. The zinc administration resulted in statistically significant (p less than 0.05) increase in the TEa5' percentage and the increase of both percentage and absolute number of TEt60', whereas the serum total gamma globulins, as well as IgG, IgA and IgM levels exhibited no alterations. The examined indices of both humoral and cellular immunity did not change in the control group. The zinc therapy was not accompanied by side effects, except the slight decrease in the granulocyte count. The final opinion concerning the clinical use of zinc as cellular immunity stimulatory agent in the ALL therapy deserves further studies.
| 85,583
|
Cultivation of fresh and frozen mouse bone marrow. - Application of methyl cellulose.
|
The culture of cells of both fresh and frozen mouse bone marrow on methyl cellulose (MC) was approached. We used 1.5%-concentration of MC and proved the stem cells of fresh and frozen mouse bone marrow to proliferate and form haemopoietic colonies on MC. We established that the freezing process did not significantly decrease the proliferative capacity of CFU-C stem cells.
| 85,584
|
[Postoperative changes of the thrombocyte number and function].
|
In 30 patients the number of thrombocytes was determined 24-48 hours after surgical interventions and compared with the normal range. The function of thrombocytes was determined by the method of pressure registration in combined thrombocyte-aggregation-adhesion (DKTA method). In spite of the occurring thrombocytosis there is a tendency towards a decrease of response in most cases and thus of haemostatic function of blood platelets. The influence of the thrombocyte function caused by fibrinolytic split products or by a change of prostaglandine metabolism is discussed.
| 85,594
|
Thermonuclease seroinhibition test for distinguishing Staphylococcus aureus from other coagulase-positive staphylococci.
|
Since coagulase-positive staphylococci from animals are heterogeneous, another test is necessary to distinguish Staphylococcus aureus from them. Staphylococcal thermonucleases appear to be heterogeneous; antisera raised against S. aureus isolated from humans inhibit thermonuclease activity as demonstrated by the metachromatic well-agar diffusion method. The serological specificity of the thermonuclease elaborated by S. aureus of human origin was demonstrated using three antisera and 407 strains of staphylococci from diverse human and animal sources.
| 85,633
|
The escape of cyclic AMP from human diploid fibroblasts: general properties.
|
A variety of human diploid fibroblasts released large amounts of cAMP to the medium in a time-dependent fashion concomitant with stimulation of the cells by agonists of the adenylate cyclase. In WI-38 cells increased medium cAMP levels were detectable as quickly as increased cellular levels. Escape was not secondary to serum deprivation nor cell injury. It occurred in defined media, and was pH and temperature dependent. Elevated rates of escape were maintained for up to 24 hours after stimulation. A variety of PDE inhibitors reduced the rate of escape. A rough proportionality existed between the potencies of the compounds as potentiators of PGE1 increased cellular cAMP levels on the one hand and as inhibitors of escape on the other. In the case of IBMX, the inhibition of escape was transient, the most pronounced effect being during the first 5 minutes of incubation. In addition, a variety of compounds without significant acute effects on cellular cAMP levels inhibited escape.
| 85,640
|
The audio-visual revolution: do we really need it?
|
In the United Kingdom, The audio-visual revolution has steadily gained converts in the nursing profession. Nurse tutor courses now contain information on the techniques of educational technology and schools of nursing increasingly own (or wish to own) many of the sophisticated electronic aids to teaching that abound. This is taking place at a time of hitherto inexperienced crisis and change. Funds have been or are being made available to buy audio-visual equipment. But its purchase and use relies on satisfying personal whim, prejudice or educational fashion, not on considerations of educational efficiency. In the rush of enthusiasm, the overwhelmed teacher (everywhere; the phenomenon is not confined to nursing) forgets to ask the searching, critical questions: 'Why should we use this aid?','How effective is it?','And, at what?'. Influential writers in this profession have repeatedly called for a more responsible attitude towards published research work of other fields. In an attempt to discover what is known about the answers to this group of questions, an eclectic look at media research is taken and the widespread dissatisfaction existing amongst international educational technologists is noted. The paper isolates out of the literature several causative factors responsible for the present state of affairs. Findings from the field of educational television are cited as representative of an aid which has had a considerable amount of time and research directed at it. The concluding part of the paper shows the decisions to be taken in using or not using educational media as being more complicated than might at first appear.
| 85,645
|
Distinct functions of monoclonal IgG antibody depend on antigen-site specificities.
|
Intraveneous hyperimmunization of selectivity bred rabbits with streptococcal group A-variant vaccines elicits antibody responses of restricted heterogeneity at high antibody levels. All antisera contain two functionally distinct antibody populations, which can be isolated in single-band purity upon analytical isoelectric focusing. Typical examples of these two kinds of single-band antibodies were investigated in great detail for several parameters by a variety of methods. 85--99% of the streptococcal group A-variant polysaccharide (Av-CHO)-specific antibody in the antisera does not precipitate the isolated 5,000 daltons poly-L-rhamnose antigen, neither agglutinates nor lyses in the presence of complement Av-CHO-coated sheep erythrocytes (SRBC), binds the radio-labeled Av-CHO with an association constant in the ragne of 10(5)--10(6) M-1, and is of terminal specificity (nonreducing end) for the linear Av-CHO. In contrast, the minor fraction of Av-CHO-specific antibody (1--15%) does precipitate the linear Av-CHO, both agglutinates and lyses Av-CHO-coated SRBC in the presence of complement, has an affinity range of 10(8)--10(9) M-1, and is of internal specificity for the Av-CHO. The antigenic determinants of the Av-CHO for the antibodies are nonoverlapping, only one Fab of the low affinity antibody can be bound whereas four Fab of the high affinity antibody are accommodated. Hence, the determinant specificity explains the functional differences observed, for there is no indication of subclass differences. A mechanistic model of the A-variant carbohydrate presentation on the vaccine appears to account best for the unbalanced levels of low and high affinity antibody.
| 85,686
|
Serological definition of the lentivirus group of retroviruses.
|
The major polypeptides of visna viruses and other lentiviruses have been isolated and shown to be closely related if not identical in radioimmunoassays. By this criterion the lentiviruses form a distinct group of retroviruses unrelated to spuma viruses, mammalian and avian retroviruses that cause tumors, and unclassified retroviruses of cattle and horses. Two sera obtained from goats immunized with Mason-Pfizer monkey virus or squirrel monkey virus reacted with visna p30. Additional data suggest that this reaction represents infection of goats with a lentivirus or a new retrovirus closely related to the lentiviruses.
| 85,722
|
Rosettes from Friend leukemia virus envelope: preparation and physicochemical and partial biological characterization.
|
Rosette-shaped particles mainly containing gp85 were isolated from Friend leukemia virus. The isolation procedure comprised lysis of the virion by Triton X-100, affinity chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose, and velocity sedimentation. The rosettes displayed a mean sedimentation constant of 32S and a buoyant density of 1.21 g/ml. They contained 1% Triton X-100 and about 2% phospholipid. gp85 was identified by polyacrylamide electrophoresis, staining with periodic acid-Schiff reagent, and immunoprecipitation with antisera against Friend leukemia virus gp71 and p15(E). Rosettes completely blocked the cytotoxicity of the gp71 antiserum. The ability to hemagglutinate was inhibited by antibodies to gp71.
| 85,724
|
A method for the identification and detection of alpha-fetoprotein.
|
This paper describes the detection and identification of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) using a simple, economical, time saving and sensitive method. Twelve serum samples can be evaluated at the same time. Antigens are precipitated within 45--60 minutes on a cellulose acetate membrane by counter-immunoelectrophoresis. This method was used with great success for the testing of 14,240 serum samples.
| 85,735
|
Carrier detection in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Assessment of the effect of age on detection-rate with serum-creatine-kinase-activity.
|
In 40 known carriers of the gene for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (mean age 38 years) the detection-rate with a standard assay of serum-creatine-kinase was 53%. In 52 daughters of known carriers (mean age 16 years) the detection-rate was 45% after correction of age. This implies a much higher detection-rate (about 90%) in young carriers and suggests that discrimination between carriers and noncarriers may best be achieved by testing in childhood.
| 85,935
|
Biochemical and haematological changes induced by tienilic acid combined with propranolol in essential hypertension.
|
Sixteen patients with moderate essential hypertension completed a double-blind crossover trial with four treatment periods each of 6 weeks. They received in random order: placebo; tienilic acid 250 mg/day; propranolol 80 mg twice daily; and tienilic acid 250 mg/day combined with propranolol 80 mg twice daily. Average blood-pressure in the lying position was 22.6/13.1 kPa (169/98 mm Hg) on placebo; 21.0/12.5 (157/94) on tienilic aicd; 21.2/12.0 (159/90) on propranolol, and 18.9/11.5 (142/86) on tienilic acid combined with propranolol. The effects of tienilic acid and propranolol on blood-pressure were additive and there were no statistically significant interactions. Tienilic acid significantly reduced serum-urate from 0.33 to 0.18 mmol/l and induced hypokalaemia which was corrected by propranolol. Basophil count and haemoglobin were lower after tienilic acid treatment than they had been at the start of the study.
| 85,937
|
Modified Feulgen staining of DNA with aqueous solution of pinacyanol.
|
The paper reports on the use of a quinoline dye, pinacyanol, towards staining of acid hydrolysed DNA. The dye as an aqueous solution can be used after treatment of mammalian tissue sections in concentrated phosphoric acid at 5 degrees C for 20 min followed by hydrolysis in 6N HCl at room temperature for 15 min, for staining DNA-aldehyde molecules. It has also been observed that staining of DNA-phosphate groups is also possible in sections treated with cold concentrated phosphoric acid after selective extraction of RNA. Both in situ absorption characteristics of stained nuclei as well as in vitro absorption data of an aqueous solution of the dye have been presented. It has been suggested that staining DNA-aldehydes with pinacyanol, without any primary amino group in its molecules is due to a modified Feulgen reaction.
| 86,146
|
Ineffectiveness of topical adenine arabinoside 5'-monophosphate in the treatment of recurrent herpes simplex labialis.
|
The ability of topical 10 per cent adenine arabinoside 5'-monophosphate to decrease the severity and frequency of recurrent herpes simplex labialis was evaluated in a double-blind, randomized study of 233 patients at three collaborating institutions. Nine clinical and four virologic measurements were used to evaluate drug efficacy during a single episode. No statistically significant improvement in any measurement was seen in the drug-treated patients. Analyses according to institution and age, stage and size of lesion before therapy also indicated no benefit attributable to the drug. There was no effect of the drug on the rate of recurrence of herpes simplex labialis. We conclude that, despite activity against herpes simplex virus infection in tissue culture and in some laboratory animal models, topical use of the drug is ineffective against recurrent herpes simplex labialis. This may be due to failure of the drug to penetrate the skin.
| 86,158
|
Use of cis-Pt(II)-uracil for electron microscopic cytochemistry of rat brain nucleic acids.
|
Cis-Pt(II)-uracil staining reveals nucleic acids in a relatively specific manner when applied alone for 1 h to rat brain tissue specimens. Poor contrast and resolution are observed when glutaraldehyde-fixed and epoxyembedded thin sections are post-stained with cis-Pt(II)-uracil alone. Counterstaining thin sections with uranyl acetate decreases staining specificity by revealing many tissue proteins. Synapses did not stain, which suggests that they do not contain significant amounts of large RNA molecules. Technical procedures must be carefully regulated to avoid artifactual staining of cellular components other than nucleic acids.
| 86,272
|
Mutants of Streptococcus lactis subsp. diacetylactis lacking diacetyl reductase activity.
|
Three strains of Streptococcus lactis subsp. diacetylactis, namely DRC-1, DRC-2 and DRC-3 which produced diacetyl up to 120 h of incubation were exposed to the ultraviolet irradiation as well as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) to isolate mutants lacking diacetyl reductase activity. UV irradiation did not produce any isolate completely devoid of diacetyl reductase activity, though, 99.5% loss in activity could be achieved. NTG treatment proved to be more effective and seven survivors exhibiting complete loss of diacetyl reductase activity were recovered. These altered characteristics were retained on repeated subculturing.
| 86,283
|
Granulocyte transfusion therapy: state of the art.
|
Previously, granulocyte transfusion therapy was impractical due to insufficient yields obtained from normal donors. With the advent of such technical advances as continuous-flow centrifugation (CFC) and filtration leukapheresis (FL), the procurement of sufficient amounts of normal donor neutrophils becomes feasible. These techniques have allowed normal granulocytic cells to be infused into patients with a wide variety of granulocytopenic disorders related to infections which, without therapy, could prove fatal. In conditions in which normal granulopoiesis has become insufficient or when used to assist antibiotics in their fight against infection, granulocyte transfusion has been shown to be of definite clinical value.
| 86,298
|
The effect of some unspecific stimuli on defence mechanisms in weaned pigs.
|
The studies were performed to find out whether a prophylactic use of unspecific stimuli affects appreciably the selected biologic indices in weaned pigs. The variables used in the experiment were found to exert a favourable effect on the state of health and growth of pigs but they had no essential influence on the level of immunoglobulins and increase in the titre of antibodies against E. coli (0141, 0149), isolated from pigs kept in the same pigsty.
| 86,338
|
The effect of uremia and dialysis on cell-mediated immunity.
|
Delayed-type hypersensitivity to PPD, two types T rosettes as well as lymphokine production were studied in patients with end-stage renal failure maintained on hemodialysis. A significant impairment of skin reactivity and the lowering of the number of T cells were found, while no definite changes of lymphokine production were detected. No conclusive data are obtained as to the role of hemodialysis in reversing of immunologic deficits noted in uremia.
| 86,344
|
Peritoneovenous shunting in the management of malignant ascites.
|
The incapacitating, malignant ascites of 37 patients were treated with peritoneovenous shunt using the LeVeen valve. Palliation of ascites was achieved in 27 of 37 patients until they died of their underlying diseases. In ten of the 37 patients, no long-term palliation was accomplished. Complications relating to the shunt procedure were noted in six patients. No evidence of abnormal malignant dissemination was noted. We concluded that the peritoneovenous shunt can be used with relative safety to manage progressive malignant ascites.
| 86,345
|
Nerve growth factor (NGF) in the rat CNS: absence of specific retrograde axonal transport and tyrosine hydroxylase induction in locus coeruleus and substantia nigra.
|
Selective, highly efficient uptake of [125I]NGF by nerve terminals followed by retrograde axonal transport, and specific induction of tyrosine hydroxylase by NGF are well known phenomena in peripheral adrenergic neurons of adult rats. In the present study these parameters were used in order to detect possible interactions of NGF with central catecholaminergic neurons. No selective retrograde transport of [125I]NGF could be detected by light microscopic autoradiography from the caudate nucleus to the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra or from the hippocampus to the noradrenergic nerve cells of the locus coeruleus. Biochemically, no change in tyrosine hydroxylase activity could be observed for up to 3 days after injection of either NGF, anti-NGF antibodies, or control proteins close to the nerve cell bodies in the substantia nigra or the locus coeruleus. These data suggest a fundamental difference between central and peripheral adrenergic neurons with regard to their responsiveness of NGF.
| 86,378
|
Antenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects in Canada: extension of a collaborative study.
|
Experience with the diagnosis of neural tube defects from alpha1-fetoprotein (AFP) concentrations in amniotic fluid is reported from a prospective study of five laboratories testing for 13 Canadian genetic centres. The results of the study indicate that antenatal diagnosis of open neural tube defects is being carried out effectively in Canada (in 99.2% of cases the AFP measurements were interpreted correctly). Amniocentesis should be recommended to women at high risk for having a child with a neural tube defect (i.e., those who have a child, a parent or a sibling with a neural tube defect). The rate of neural tube defects in 182 high-risk pregnancies was 2.2% for an open defect and 1.1% for a closed defect, whereas the rate in 673 pregnancies in which amniocentesis was being performed for other reasons was 0.3%. This suggests that the AFP concentration should be measured in any sample of amniotic fluid collected for other reasons (usually fetal karyotyping). There were three instances of false-negative results, for a rate of 0.4%. Two closed neural tube defects were not detected; this limitation of the test has also been found by others. One of the six fetuses with an open neural tube defect, who died in utero, had a large myelocele in the neck that was not recognized. There were also four instances of false-positive results, for a rate of 0.5%. The findings suggest that AFP values that are more than 2 but less than 7 standard deviations (SDs) above the mean may indicate a neural tube defect, and that values 7 or more SDs above the mean very likely indicate such a defect, although other reasons for such high values (e.g., fetal erythrocytes in the amniotic fluid, intrauterine death and mistaken gestational age) must be ruled out by other methods.
| 86,382
|
Prenatal diagnosis of severe congenital malformations associated with elevated amniotic fluid alpha-feto protein.
|
Two cases of severely malformed infants with abnormal fetal images on B-scan sonography and markedly elevated amniotic fluid AFP are presented. There was no evidence of neural tube anomalies. The importance of an amniocentesis and AFP in pregnancies with an abnormal fetal image on B-scan sonography is emphasized, taking into consideration that most pregnancies with elevated fluid AFP have serious fetal anomalies.
| 86,399
|
Evaluation of event-related desynchronization (ERD) preceding and following voluntary self-paced movement.
|
A method of accurate storage and on-line preprocessing of an EEG signal, preceding and following a trigger signal, elicited by button pressing, is described. The method was used to study the changes occurring in the power of the rhythmic activity within the alpha band in central areas, during voluntary, self-paced movement in 10 normal humans. A short-lasting decrease or phasic event-related desynchronization (ERD) of alpha power, representing mu activity, was observed in all 10 subjects. During the 2 sec period preceding movement the phasic ERD was mostly bilateral, but larger prior to right than to left thumb movement. At onset and during the first second of execution of movement, the phasic ERD was mostly bilateral but predominant in ipsilateral areas. Preceding or during movement, maximum ERD was observed in most cases in central-vertex regions.
| 86,421
|
Sleep induced by low doses of apomorphine in rats.
|
The effect of apomorphine on the EEG of freely moving rats was studied. Apomorphine at the dose of 1 mg/kg caused stereotypy and a marked reduction of total sleep. On the contrary, acute subcutaneous administration of apomorphine at the dose of 100 microgram/kg, or less, markedly increased the amount of total sleep (corresponding mostly to synchronized sleep). Moreover, the infusion of apomorphine (80 microgram/kg/h) for 4 h doubled the duration of slow and REM sleep. The hypnotic effect of apomorphine was prevented by neuroleptics, such as pimozide, benzperidol and L-sulpiride, at doses which, per se, did not modify the EEG of the animals. These results suggest the existence in the CNS of DA receptors mediating sleep.
| 86,429
|
Automatic analysis of interictal epileptic activity related to its morphological aspects.
|
The objectives of this paper are to describe: (i) an algorithm, conventionally called TD (transient discriminator) which allows morphological discrimination among different EEG transients, and (ii) an automated methodology, based upon the proposed algorithm. The completely automated analysis performed by this method can indicate the temporal distribution of a 'family' of spikes, a family being defined by the morphology of a sample spike. Temporal relationships among the detected spikes of the family and other possible epileptic potentials arising from different cerebral zones are automatically defined by an averaging technique. The reliability of the proposed algorithm was investigated comparing the computer detection with the identification performed by 3 electroencephalographers.
| 86,432
|
Effects of ouabain on insulin release, adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and guanine 3',5'-monophosphate in pancreatic islets.
|
Isolated pancreatic islets of noninbred ob/ob mice were used to test the hypothesis that adenylate cyclase responds to changes of the transmembrane milieu or electric field in intact beta-cells. In the presence of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, ouabainstimulated both the release of insulin and the islet content of cAMP. Ouabain had no noticeable effect on the islet content of cGMP. These results support the hypothesis at test. However, because ouabain also had some stimulatory effect on cAMP in islet homogenates, a direct action of ouabain on adenylate cyclase cannot be ruled out.
| 86,435
|
Normal immunosuppressive protein inhibition of human and murine lymphoblastoid cell line proliferation.
|
Normal immunosuppressive protein, prepared from human plasma by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, inhibits DNA synthesis in human cell lines of lymphocytes of both T and B origin. It also inhibits [3H]thymidine incorporation in mouse cell lines. Normal immunosuppressive protein was able to inhibit the proliferation of these cells, although they were already transformed and had a high rate of DNA synthesis. On the other hand, it does not inhibit myeloid cells or fibroblasts.
| 86,450
|
A comparative study of the efficiency of hydroxyprogesterone caproate and of chlormadinone acetate in the prevention of premature labor.
|
The efficacy of caproate of hydroxyprogesterone and acetate of chlormadinone in preventing premature labore was compared in a controlled trial. The survey was based on 211 pregnant women with a high risk of premature delivery discovered during clinical examination. There are no significant differences between the two groups in either length of gestation, delay between the beginning of treatment and delivery or other parameters related to prematurity. The absence of evidence suggesting any significant difference between the two treatments can have three possible causes (which are discussed): the methodology, the inefficacy of the two products or the equivalent efficacy of the two products.
| 86,468
|
Liver-specific and shared cell membrane antigens. Studies by light- and electron microscopy.
|
Liver-specific and shared saline-insoluble cell surface antigens were localized by immunofluorescence as well as by light- and electron microscopic immunoenzyme techniques. Antisera against purified mouse liver cell membranes were surface membrane but not organ-specific. Variable quantities of shared antigens were present in endoderm- and mesoderm-derived organs but not in ectodermal nerve tissue. Species crossreactivity was observed for the rat. Repeated absorption produced liver-specific antisera that reacted with antigenic sites distributed along the entire hepatocyte and sinusoidal cell surfaces. For the precise localization as well as the detection of low concentrations of both liver-specific and nonspecific antigens, the ultrastructural visualization of reactive sites proved essential.
| 86,503
|
Regulatory mechanism of autoantibody production in mice to bromelin-treated isologous red blood cells.
|
In the spleen of mice immunized with bromelin treated rat red blood cells (RBC), the number of PFC against bromelin treated isologous RBC increased, although immunization with non-treated rat RBC or bromelin treated isologous RBC gave no increase in number of these PFC. This immune response was found to be T-independent and the PFC developed are exclusively of direct or Ig-M type. In the secondary immune response, production of these PFC was depressed rather than increased. This can be thought of as one of the defence mechanisms against overproduction of autoantibodies in confrontation to foreign antigens cross-reactive with self antigenic determinants. This depressed secondary immune response can be adoptively transferred by primed spleen cells but no active suppressor effect was found. We concluded that clonal elimination by exhaustive differentiation may be operative in this depressed secondary immune response.
| 86,507
|
Immunogenetics of the McB1 macroglobulin allotype in cattle.
|
The paper describes a cattle serum antigen (McB1) which is controlled by a dominant gene (McB1), independent from those controlling the two macroglobulin markers McA1 and McA2 as well as from that controlling the low-density lipoprotein marker Ld1A1. McB1 is located on a high-molecular-weight serum protein which, very likely, is an alpha2-macroglobulin.
| 86,518
|
Moloney lymphoma cells express a polyprotein containing the GAG gene-coded p15 and the Moloney leukemia virus-induced cell surface antigen (MCSA).
|
The relationship between MCSA and the viral structural proteins in YAC Moloney lymphoma cells was further investigated by using membrane immunofluorescence and immunoadsorbent columns. As previously observed, MCSA showed only minimal capping and thereby differed in behaviour from gp70, p30 and p12 virion antigens. Whereas antibody-induced capping of gp70 did not change the membrane distribution of MCSA, co-capping was observed between MCSA and p30 and p12 gag protein antigens. This indicated that, whereas MCSA is distinct from gp70, it is linked to p30 and p12 on the membrane of living cells. It was then attempted to isolate MCSA on anti-p30 and anti-p15 immunoadsorbent columns from solubilized YAC cells. Contrary to what was expected, no MCSA was found to the anti-p30 column. On the other hand, a part (10-15%) of the MCSA was bound to the anti-p15 column, indicating that MCSA is linked to the gag p15.
| 86,525
|
Lysogenic pneumococci and their bacteriophages.
|
About half of pneumococci recovered from pediatric patients and one-third of isolates from adult patients yielded bacteriophages active against one or more of four noncapsulated indicator strains of pneumococcus. Strains of capsular types most frequently causing pediatric infections were associated with lysogeny. Classical restriction-modification phenomena have been demonstrated in vivo with some of the temperate phages, and correlation of restriction with the presence of one or the other of the two known pneumococcal restriction endonucleases has been established. The temperate phages differ serologically and in several other characteristics from virulent pneumococcal phages previously described. All pneumococcal phages so far studied can be classified into a minimum of three serological groups.
| 86,538
|
Cytomorphologic results of preparation experiments for monolayer deposition of cervical material.
|
For automated prescreening methods by high resolution analysis serving as a detecting method in gynecologic mass screening programs a new monolayer deposition method of cervical material has been used. This method will be outlines briefly and the mode of evaluation as well as current cytomorphological findings will be presented. With regard to measurability of the slides prepared according to the new method a number of cytologic criteria were thought to be of particular importance. These criteria are delineated and compiled in a table. A form in which these criteria were listed was filled in by cytopathologists for each slide evaluated. When performing isolation and centrifugation procedures several new morphologic questions arose to the cytopathologist which can only partly be answered by now. If taking into account all criteria of evaluation it may be followed from the present experiences that slides of cervical material are much more suited for automated prescreening methods by high resolution analysis if prepared after isolation and centrifugation in macromolecular liquids than are conventional Papanicolaou smears or slides from suspensions with isolated cells that were not subjected to centrifugation procedures.
| 86,561
|
Ultrastructure of Bacteroides species: Bacteroides asaccharolyticus, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides melaninogenicus subspecies melaninogenicus, and B. melaninogenicus subspecies intermedius.
|
Representative strains of two subspecies of Bacteroides melaninogenicus (subspecies melaninogenicus and subspecies intermedius) and Bacteroides asaccharolyticus as well as B. asaccharolyticus strain 536B isolated from a human perirectal abscess and Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285 were examined by glutaraldehyde-osmium fixation, ruthenium red fixation and staining, and thorium hydroxyde staining as well as by the physical preparative techniques of critical point drying--transmission electron microscopy (CPD--TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All strains, with the exception of B. fragilis 25285, possessed an electron-dense material external to their outer membranes. Ruthenium red staining further revealed a layer, external to the surface of the outer membrane, that was distinct for each species examined. Thorium hydroxide, as well as CPD--TEM and SEM, showed the cells to be interconnected by thin fibers that not only connected adjacent cells but also traversed several microns to connect cell aggregates.
| 86,590
|
Haemangiopericytoma in otolaryngology.
|
Haemangiopericytoma is a rare vascular tumour with variable pathological behaviour. It arises from the proliferation of special cells called 'pericytes' which are found outside the blood capillaries. There is no specific predilection for any site in the body. Clinically and histologically, it can be benign or malignant, but this differentiation sometimes becomes rather a hard task for the pathologist. Wide surgical excision is the treatment of choice. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy can be valuable adjuncts. Only fourteen cases of nasal haemangiopericytoma have been reported in the literature and these are individually set out in Table I. Another case is reported in this paper, with a review of all the tumours in the field of Otorhinolaryngology since 1942.
| 86,592
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.