| --- |
| language: |
| - zh |
| license: cc-by-nc-sa-4.0 |
| size_categories: |
| - 1K<n<10K |
| task_categories: |
| - visual-question-answering |
| - image-classification |
| - text-generation |
| - image-text-to-text |
| pretty_name: ScratchMath |
| tags: |
| - education |
| - math |
| - error-analysis |
| - handwritten |
| - multimodal |
| - scratchwork |
| configs: |
| - config_name: primary |
| data_files: primary/data-*.parquet |
| - config_name: middle |
| data_files: middle/data-*.parquet |
| dataset_info: |
| - config_name: primary |
| features: |
| - name: question_id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: question |
| dtype: string |
| - name: answer |
| dtype: string |
| - name: solution |
| dtype: string |
| - name: student_answer |
| dtype: string |
| - name: student_scratchwork |
| dtype: image |
| - name: error_category |
| dtype: |
| class_label: |
| names: |
| 0: 计算错误 |
| 1: 题目理解错误 |
| 2: 知识点错误 |
| 3: 答题技巧错误 |
| 4: 手写誊抄错误 |
| 5: 逻辑推理错误 |
| 6: 注意力与细节错误 |
| - name: error_explanation |
| dtype: string |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_examples: 1479 |
| - config_name: middle |
| features: |
| - name: question_id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: question |
| dtype: string |
| - name: answer |
| dtype: string |
| - name: solution |
| dtype: string |
| - name: student_answer |
| dtype: string |
| - name: student_scratchwork |
| dtype: image |
| - name: error_category |
| dtype: |
| class_label: |
| names: |
| 0: 计算错误 |
| 1: 题目理解错误 |
| 2: 知识点错误 |
| 3: 答题技巧错误 |
| 4: 手写誊抄错误 |
| 5: 逻辑推理错误 |
| 6: 注意力与细节错误 |
| - name: error_explanation |
| dtype: string |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_examples: 241 |
| --- |
| |
| <div align="center"> |
|
|
| # ScratchMath |
|
|
| ### *Can MLLMs Read Students' Minds?* Unpacking Multimodal Error Analysis in Handwritten Math |
|
|
| **AIED 2026** — 27th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education |
|
|
| [](https://bbsngg.github.io/ScratchMath/) |
| [](https://huggingface.co/papers/2603.24961) |
| [](https://bbsngg.github.io/ScratchMath/paper/ScratchMath_AIED2026.pdf) |
| [](https://github.com/ai-for-edu/ScratchMath) |
| [](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) |
|
|
| </div> |
|
|
| --- |
|
|
| ## Overview |
|
|
| **ScratchMath** is a multimodal benchmark for evaluating whether MLLMs can analyze handwritten mathematical scratchwork produced by real students. Unlike existing math benchmarks that focus on problem-solving accuracy, ScratchMath targets **error diagnosis** — identifying what type of mistake a student made and explaining why. |
|
|
| - **1,720** authentic student scratchwork samples from Chinese primary & middle schools |
| - **7** expert-defined error categories with detailed explanations |
| - **2** complementary tasks: Error Cause Explanation (ECE) & Error Cause Classification (ECC) |
| - **16** leading MLLMs benchmarked; best model reaches **57.2%** vs. human experts at **83.9%** |
|
|
| --- |
|
|
| ## Dataset Structure |
|
|
| ### Subsets |
|
|
| | Subset | Grade Level | Samples | |
| |:------:|:-----------:|:-------:| |
| | `primary` | Grades 1–6 | 1,479 | |
| | `middle` | Grades 7–9 | 241 | |
|
|
| ### Error Categories |
|
|
| | Category (zh) | Category (en) | Primary | Middle | |
| |:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:| |
| | 计算错误 | Calculation Error | 453 | 113 | |
| | 题目理解错误 | Problem Comprehension Error | 499 | 20 | |
| | 知识点错误 | Conceptual Knowledge Error | 174 | 45 | |
| | 答题技巧错误 | Procedural Error | 118 | 17 | |
| | 手写誊抄错误 | Transcription Error | 95 | 29 | |
| | 逻辑推理错误 | Logical Reasoning Error | 73 | 2 | |
| | 注意力与细节错误 | Attention & Detail Error | 67 | 15 | |
|
|
| ### Fields |
|
|
| | Field | Type | Description | |
| |:------|:----:|:------------| |
| | `question_id` | string | Unique identifier | |
| | `question` | string | Math problem text (may contain LaTeX) | |
| | `answer` | string | Correct answer | |
| | `solution` | string | Step-by-step reference solution | |
| | `student_answer` | string | Student's incorrect answer | |
| | `student_scratchwork` | image | Photo of handwritten work | |
| | `error_category` | ClassLabel | One of 7 error types | |
| | `error_explanation` | string | Expert explanation of the error | |
|
|
| --- |
|
|
| ## Quick Start |
|
|
| ```python |
| from datasets import load_dataset |
| |
| # Load primary school subset |
| ds_primary = load_dataset("songdj/ScratchMath", "primary") |
| |
| # Load middle school subset |
| ds_middle = load_dataset("songdj/ScratchMath", "middle") |
| |
| # Access a sample |
| sample = ds_primary["train"][0] |
| print(sample["question"]) |
| print(sample["error_category"]) |
| sample["student_scratchwork"].show() |
| ``` |
|
|
| --- |
|
|
| ## Citation |
|
|
| If you use this dataset, please cite: |
|
|
| ```bibtex |
| @inproceedings{song2026scratchmath, |
| title = {Can MLLMs Read Students' Minds? Unpacking Multimodal Error Analysis in Handwritten Math}, |
| author = {Song, Dingjie and Xu, Tianlong and Zhang, Yi-Fan and Li, Hang and Yan, Zhiling and Fan, Xing and Li, Haoyang and Sun, Lichao and Wen, Qingsong}, |
| booktitle = {Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED)}, |
| year = {2026} |
| } |
| ``` |
|
|
| --- |
|
|
| ## License |
|
|
| This dataset is released under the [CC BY-NC-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) license. |
